montelukast profile

montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	5281040
CHEMBL ID	787
CHEBI ID	50730
CHEBI ID	94710
SCHEMBL ID	4486
SCHEMBL ID	4487
MeSH ID	M0247416

Synonym
BIDD:GT0394
bdbm50052024
AB01275454-01
{1-[({(1r)-1-{3-[(e)-2-(7-chloroquinolin-2-yl)ethenyl]phenyl}-3-[2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)phenyl]propyl}sulfanyl)methyl]cyclopropyl}acetic acid
{1-[({(1r)-1-{3-[(e)-2-(7-chloroquinolin-2-yl)ethenyl]phenyl}-3-[2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl]propyl}sulfanyl)methyl]cyclopropyl}acetic acid
CHEBI:50730 ,
158966-92-8
montelukast
C07482
DB00471
(r-(e))-1-(((1-(3-(2-(7-chloro-2-quinolinyl)ethenyl)phenyl)-3-(2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)phenyl)propyl)thio)methyl)cyclopropaneacetic acid
1-[[[(1 r)-1-[3-[(1e)-2-(7-chloro-2-quinolinyl)ethenyl] phenyl]-3-[2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)phenyl]propyl]sulfanyl]methyl]cyclopropaneacetic acid
cyclopropaneacetic acid, 1-((((1r)-1-(3-((1e)-2-(7-chloro-2-quinolinyl)ethenyl)phenyl)-3-(2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)phenyl)propyl)thio)methyl)-
cyclopropaneacetic acid, 1-(((1-(3-(2-(7-chloro-2-quinolinyl)ethenyl)phenyl)-3-(2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)phenyl)propyl)thio)methyl)-, (r-(e))-
1-((((1r)-1-(3-((1e)-2-(7-chloro-2-quinolinyl)ethenyl)phenyl)-3-(2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)phenyl)propyl)thio)methyl)cyclopropaneacetic acid
montelukast [inn:ban]
HMS2089D07
CHEMBL787 ,
brondilat
montelukast (inn)
brondilat (tn)
D08229
NCGC00188977-01
2-[1-[[(1r)-1-[3-[(e)-2-(7-chloroquinolin-2-yl)ethenyl]phenyl]-3-[2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl]propyl]sulfanylmethyl]cyclopropyl]acetic acid
aerokast
hsdb 7582
unii-mhm278sd3e
mhm278sd3e ,
2-[1-[[(1r)-1-[3-[(e)-2-(7-chloro-2-quinolyl)vinyl]phenyl]-3-[2-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)phenyl]propyl]sulfanylmethyl]cyclopropyl]acetic acid
cis-montelukast
2-[1-({[(1r)-1-{3-[(e)-2-(7-chloroquinolin-2-yl)ethenyl]phenyl}-3-[2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl]propyl]sulfanyl}methyl)cyclopropyl]acetic acid
gtpl3340
BRD-K99673372-001-01-9
AKOS025310659
montelukast [inn]
montelukast [hsdb]
montelukast [who-dd]
(1-((((1r)-1-(3-((e)-2-(7-chloroquinolin-2-yl)vinyl)phenyl)-3-(2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)phenyl)propyl)thio)methyl)cyclopropyl)acetic acid
montelukast [vandf]
cyclopropaneacetic acid, 1-((((1r)-1-(3-((e)-2-(7-chloro-2-quinolinyl)ethenyl)phenyl)-3-(2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)phenyl)propyl)thio)methyl)-
montelukast [mi]
CCG-221186
SCHEMBL4486
SCHEMBL4487
UCHDWCPVSPXUMX-TZIWLTJVSA-N
(r,e)-2-(1-(((1-(3-(2-(7-chloroquinolin-2-yl)vinyl)phenyl)-3-(2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl)propyl)thio)methyl)cyclopropyl)acetic acid ,
DTXSID9023334 ,
sr-01000763441
SR-01000763441-5
SR-01000763441-3
CHEBI:94710
r-(e)-1-[[[1-[3-[2-(7-chloro-2-quinolinyl)ethenyl]phenyl]-3-[2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)phenyl]propyl]thio]methyl]cyclopropaneacetic acid
HY-13315A
CS-0002595
cyclopropaneacetic acid, 1-[[[(1r)-1-[3-[(1e)-2-(7-chloro-2-quinolinyl)ethenyl]phenyl]-3-[2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)phenyl]propyl]thio]methyl]-
HMS3715N13
142522-28-9
Q417767
mk0476 (free acid)
1124196-02-6
cyclopropaneacetic acid,1-[[[(1r)-1-[3-[(1e)-2-(7-chloro-2-quinolinyl)ethenyl]phenyl]-3-[2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)phenyl]propyl]thio]methyl]-
HMS3886L03
BS-49158
(r,e)-2-(1-(((1-(3-(2-(7-chloroquinolin-2-yl)vinyl)phenyl)-3-(2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl)propyl)thio)methyl)cyclopropyl)aceticacid
(r)-2-(1-(((1-(3-(2-(7-chloroquinolin-2-yl)vinyl)phenyl)-3-(2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl)propyl)thio)methyl)cyclopropyl)acetic acid
S5783
mfcd05662278
montelukast racemate
montelukast- bio-x
BM164608
2-[1-({[(1r)-1-{3-[2-(7-chloroquinolin-2-yl)ethenyl]phenyl}-3-[2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl]propyl]sulfanyl}methyl)cyclopropyl]acetic acid
EN300-20599903
2-[1-({[(1r)-1-{3-[(1e)-2-(7-chloroquinolin-2-yl)ethenyl]phenyl}-3-[2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl]propyl]sulfanyl}methyl)cyclopropyl]acetic acid
EN300-1644598
(1-((((1r)-1-(3-((e)-2-(7-chloroquinolin-2-yl)ethenyl)phenyl)-3-(2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl)propyl)sulfanyl)methyl)cyclopropyl)acetic acid
montelukastum
r03dc03
dtxcid403334

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Montelukast is a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLTR1) antagonist widely used to suppress the inflammatory response in asthma and allergic rhinitis. "	( Montelukast attenuates interleukin IL-1β-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in chondrocytes by inhibiting CYSLTR1 (Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor 1) and activating KLF2 (Kruppel Like Factor 2). Li, Z; Ma, Y; Wang, J, 2021)	3.51
"Montelukast is an antagonist of the LT-B4 receptor."	( Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of montelukast versus finasteride for the treatment of moderate acne in women: A prospective, randomized, single-blinded, active-controlled trial. Goldust, M; Gupta, A; Mohammadnezhad, F; Rokni, GR; Saeedi, M; Sandhu, S; Shadi, S; Sharma, A, 2021)	1.61
"Montelukast is a medicine indicated for use in asthma. "	( Montelukast and Nightmares: Further Characterisation Using Data from VigiBase. Attalla, M; Kaminsky, E; Taavola, H; Watson, S; Yue, QY, 2022)	3.61
"Montelukast (MTK) is an antagonist of the cysteinyl leukotrienes receptor 1 widely used to manage asthma symptoms among adults and children. "	( The mechanisms underlying montelukast's neuropsychiatric effects - new insights from a combined metabolic and multiomics approach. Justino, GC; Marques, CF; Marques, MM, 2022)	2.46
"Montelukast is a leukotriene inhibitor that is widely used to treat chronic asthma and allergic rhinitis. "	( Montelukast as a potential treatment for COVID-19. McCarthy, MW, 2023)	3.8
"Montelukast is an antagonist of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLTR1) that protects against inflammation and oxidative stress. "	( Montelukast prevents mice against carbon tetrachloride- and methionine-choline deficient diet-induced liver fibrosis: Reducing hepatic stellate cell activation and inflammation. Cao, F; Pu, S; Ren, C; Wang, Y; Wu, Y; Yang, S; Zhang, J; Zhou, H, 2023)	3.8
"Montelukast is a highly selective and specific cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist used in the treatment of asthma. "	( Efficacy and safety of montelukast adjuvant therapy in adults with cough variant asthma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lu, T; Song, Z; Wu, Y; Xu, Q; Yang, K; Zhang, L; Zhang, Z; Zhu, P, 2023)	2.66
"Montelukast (MK) is a selective cysteinyl leukotriene receptor (Cys LT1) antagonist."	( Montelukast influence on kidney in experimental induced diabetes mellitus. Gales, C; Nechifor, M; Rusu-Zota, G; Stoica, B, 2023)	3.07
"Montelukast sodium is an anti-asthmatic agent and leukotriene receptor antagonist used in the treatment of respiratory disorders."	( A Review of Different Analytical Techniques for Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Montelukast Sodium in Different Matrices. Kumar, V; Nalini, CN, 2021)	1.57
"Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist that is mainly used in the management of asthma."	( Montelukast ameliorates Concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice via inhibiting TNF-α/JNK signaling pathway. Abdelrahman, RS; El-Kashef, DH, 2020)	2.72
"Montelukast is a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist licensed to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis."	( The association between obesity and poor outcome after COVID-19 indicates a potential therapeutic role for montelukast. Almerie, MQ; Kerrigan, DD, 2020)	1.49
"Montelukast sodium is an effective and well-tolerated anti-asthmatic drug. "	( lncRNA PCGEM1 strengthens anti-inflammatory and lung protective effects of montelukast sodium in children with cough-variant asthma. Guo, W; Meng, L; Xie, Y; Xu, Z, 2020)	2.23
"Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist that is known to prevent allergic rhinitis and asthma. "	( Montelukast alleviates inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by altering Th17 differentiation in a mouse model. Guo, XY; Han, B; Li, X; Rasouli, J; Rostami, A; Wang, LB; Wu, WC; Xiao, Y; Ye, SM; Ye, ZQ; Zhang, Y; Zhang, YY; Zhu, L, 2021)	3.51
"Montelukast is an oral, once a day, easy to give therapy but there is no definite evidence to support its use in a recent meta-analysis."	( Role of montelukast in multitrigger wheezers attending chest clinic in Punjab, India. Arora, K; Bhargava, S; Bhat, D; Dhooria, GS; Gill, KS; Kahlon, GK; Pooni, PA, 2021)	1.78
"Montelukast (MK) is a safe asthma controller drug, which is considered as a potential antiviral drug for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)."	( Montelukast and Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Scoping Review. Qorbani, M; Salekmoghadam, S; Sharafian, S; Sharifinejad, N; Tavakol, M, 2021)	2.79
"Montelukast is an effective control treatment for preschool children who had asthma symptoms more than once a month but less than once a week."	( Early control treatment with montelukast in preschool children with asthma: A randomized controlled trial. Fujisawa, T; Fukuda, N; Habukawa, C; Ikeda, M; Katsunuma, T; Kitamura, T; Nagao, M, 2018)	2.21
"Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist used in asthma and rhinitis treatment. "	( Montelukast use-a 19-year nationwide drug utilisation study. Christiansen, A; Damkier, P; Davidsen, JR; Hallas, J; Henriksen, DP; Laursen, CB; Pottegård, A, 2017)	3.34
"Montelukast sodium is a leukotriene-receptor antagonist approved as a controller medication for chronic asthma and allergic rhinitis in children and adults. "	( Adverse events are rare after single-dose montelukast exposures in children. Arnold, DH; Bowman, N; Hartert, TV; Reiss, TF; Seger, DL, 2018)	2.19
"Montelukast is a selective cysteinyl leukot-riene receptor 1 (cysLT1R) antagonist, which has been used for the treatment of bronchial asthma in clinics."	( Antagonism of cysteinyl leukot-riene receptor 1 (cysLT1R) by montelukast regulates differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells under overloaded mechanical environment. Chen, S; Chu, J; Feng, B; Guo, W; Huang, C; Wei, J; Yang, S, 2018)	1.44
"Montelukast is a selective cysteinyl leukotrienes receptor 1 (cysLT1R) antagonist used clinically for the treatment of asthma, as it reduces eosinophilic inflammation in airways."	( The cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT1R) antagonist montelukast suppresses matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression induced by lipopolysaccharide. Chen, S; Chu, J; Feng, B; Guo, W; Huang, C; Wei, J; Yang, S, 2018)	1.45
"Montelukast is a selective leukotriene D-4 receptor antagonist, which specifically and reversibly inhibits cysteinyl leukotriene-1 receptor. "	( The protective effect of Montelukast against skeletal muscle ischemia reperfusion injury: An experimental rat model. Altun, G; Bilgiç, Mİ; Çakıcı, H; Gideroğlu, K; Saka, G, 2018)	2.23
"Montelukast is a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLTR1) antagonist clinically used for the treatment of asthma."	( Montelukast inhibits RANKL‑induced osteoclast formation and bone loss via CysLTR1 and P2Y12. Kang, JH; Lee, DS; Lim, H; Yim, M, 2018)	2.64
"Montelukast is an anti-asthmatic medication, and has recently showed its inhibitory effects on the proliferation of cancers. "	( Montelukast enhances cytocidal effects of carfilzomib in multiple myeloma by inhibiting mTOR pathway. Tong, J; Wu, C; Wu, Y; Xu, W; Yan, H; Yu, Q; Yu, W, 2019)	3.4
"Montelukast is a selective and orally active leukotriene D"	( Effects of montelukast on human nasal mucosa. Cheng, LH; Chu, YH; Lee, JC; Lin, YY; Wang, HW; Wu, PC, 2019)	2.35
"Montelukast is a selective reversible cysteinyl-leukotriene type 1 receptor antagonist used in clinical practice for its anti-inflammatory effects."	( Colonic anastomosis can be protected from ischemia reperfusion injury with intra-peritoneal Montelukast treatment. Akbaba, S; Bostancı, T; Cimen, S; Ersoy, PE; Sayin, T; Yildirim, Z, 2020)	1.5
"Montelukast is a selective cys-LT 1 receptor antagonist that can suppress atherosclerotic diseases."	( Montelukast, a Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor 1 Antagonist, Induces M2 Macrophage Polarization and Inhibits Murine Aortic Aneurysm Formation. Kawai, Y; Komori, K; Narita, Y; Usui, A; Yamawaki-Ogata, A, 2019)	2.68
"Montelukast is a leukotrien receptor antagonist used for asthma treatment. "	( Bioequivalence study of montelukast tablets in healthy Pakistani volunteers. Abbas, M; Amin, S; Ashraf, M; Khan, AM; Riffat, S; Waheed, N, 2013)	2.14
"Montelukast (MK) is a potent cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor antagonist that causes dose-related improvements in chronic asthma. "	( Protective effect of high-dose montelukast on salbutamol-induced homologous desensitisation in airway smooth muscle. Breschi, MC; Calderone, V; Daniele, S; Fogli, S; Martelli, A; Martini, C; Stefanelli, F; Testai, L; Trincavelli, ML, 2013)	2.12
"Montelukast is an anti-asthmatic drug, a selective reversible cysteinyl leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist."	( Histopathologic evaluation of anti-ulcerogenic effect of montelukast in indomethacin-induced experimental ulcer model. Cadırcı, E; Ozbakış-Dengiz, G; Yurdakan, G, 2013)	1.36
"Montelukast which is a leukotriene receptor type I inhibitor has variable efficacy in children with AR and the guidelines recommend its use in children with seasonal AR aged six years and above."	( Effectiveness of montelukast in pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis. Altintas, D; Cingi, C; Oghan, F; Rondon, C; Yilmaz, O, 2013)	1.45
"Montelukast is an orally administered leukotriene receptor antagonist commonly used in managing childhood atopic illnesses and theoretically safe for use in patients with renal failure."	( Montelukast: a novel therapeutic option in eosinophilic peritonitis. Forbes, TA; Lunn, AJ, 2014)	2.57
"Montelukast (MON) is a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist."	( Renoprotective effects of montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist, against methotrexate-induced kidney damage in rats. Abdel-Raheem, IT; Khedr, NF, 2014)	1.42
"Montelukast is a conventional medication used to treat allergic rhinitis and asthma."	( Effects of thymoquinone and montelukast on sinonasal ciliary beat frequency. Chen, B; Cingi, C; Cohen, NA; Palmer, JN; Unlu, H; Uz, U, )	1.15
"Montelukast is an antiinflammatory drug with an antioxidant property. "	( Montelukast inhibits pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in rats. Aksoy, D; Cevik, B; Erbas, O; Solmaz, V, 2015)	3.3
"Montelukast (MT) is a leukotriene D4 antagonist. "	( Investigation of the bioequivalence of montelukast chewable tablets after a single oral administration using a validated LC-MS/MS method. Abualhasan, MN; Bustami, R; Ghazal, N; Mousa, A; Watson, DG; Zaid, AN, 2015)	2.13
"Montelukast sodium is a leukotriene antagonist of growing interest as an alternative therapy for asthma across different age groups due to its bronchoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties. "	( Montelukast medicines of today and tomorrow: from molecular pharmaceutics to technological formulations. Almeida Paz, FA; Barbosa, JS; Braga, SS, 2016)	3.32
"Montelukast (MK) is a selective cysLT1 receptor antagonist, with anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties, which has been used for treatment of various diseases."	( Electrosprayed Montelukast/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) particle based coating: A new therapeutic approach towards the prevention of in-stent restenosis. Mhaisalkar, PS; Prabhakaran, MP; Ramakrishna, S; Varshosaz, J; Zamani, M, 2016)	1.51
"Montelukast (MK) is a selective cysLT1 receptor antagonist, with anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties. "	( Electrosprayed Montelukast/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) particle based coating: A new therapeutic approach towards the prevention of in-stent restenosis. Mhaisalkar, PS; Prabhakaran, MP; Ramakrishna, S; Varshosaz, J; Zamani, M, 2016)	2.23
"Montelukast is an effective treatment for asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR), and an ODT formulation became available in Japan in 2015."	( Early patient experiences with montelukast orally disintegrating tablets in Japan: a cross-sectional survey of treatment satisfaction in patients with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis. Petigara, T; Rasouliyan, L; Tobe, K; Tunceli, K; Whalley, D, 2017)	1.46
"Montelukast is a licensed drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and clinically used for the treatment of asthma by reducing the eosinophilic inflammation in the airway."	( Montelukast inhibits oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) induced vascular endothelial attachment: An implication for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Di, X; Tang, X, 2017)	2.62
"Montelukast is a potent leukotriene-receptor antagonist administered once daily that provides clinical benefit in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis in children and adults. "	( Safety and tolerability of montelukast in placebo-controlled pediatric studies and their open-label extensions. Bisgaard, H; Boza, ML; Knorr, B; Newcomb, K; Noonan, G; Reiss, TF; Skoner, D; Tozzi, CA, 2009)	2.09
"Montelukast is an effective and well-tolerated alternative to ICS treatment in patients with mild asthma who are uncontrolled or unsatisfied with low-dose ICS therapy."	( Montelukast as an alternative to low-dose inhaled corticosteroids in the management of mild asthma (the SIMPLE trial): an open-label effectiveness trial. Kaplan, A; Koch, C; McIvor, RA; Sampalis, JS, )	3.02
"Montelukast (Singulair) is a selective leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) indicated for the maintenance treatment of asthma. "	( Montelukast use during pregnancy: a multicentre, prospective, comparative study of infant outcomes. Avgil, M; Berkovich, M; De Santis, M; Diav-Citrin, O; Einarson, A; Kalra, S; Koren, G; Lavigne, SV; Sarkar, M; Smorlesi, C; Ying, A, 2009)	3.24
"Montelukast is a drug that improves the disease-specific quality of life in patients being treated for persistent allergic rhinitis better than placebo."	( Effects of montelukast on quality of life in patients with persistent allergic rhinitis. Cingi, C; Ozlugedik, S, 2010)	2.19
"Montelukast is a valid alternative to ICS especially in poorly compliant preschool children, or in subjects who show adverse effects related to long-term steroid therapy."	( Update on leukotriene receptor antagonists in preschool children wheezing disorders. De Stefano, S; Di Giorgio, A; Maglione, M; Manna, A; Montella, S; Santamaria, F, 2012)	1.1
"Montelukast (MK) is a leukotriene receptor (CysLT1) antagonist that has been shown to prevent exacerbation of asthma."	( Montelukast inhibits leukotriene stimulation of human dendritic cells in vitro. Adamko, DJ; Ilarraza, R; Wu, Y, 2012)	2.54
"Montelukast is a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist that exerts an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant influence."	( Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast ameliorates acute lung injury following haemorrhagic shock in rats. Al-Amran, FG; Hadi, NR; Hashim, AM, 2013)	1.38
"Montelukast (MKST) is a leukotriene receptor antagonist that has been concomitantly used with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for its steroid-sparing effect in the long-term management of asthma. "	( Simultaneous determination of montelukast as sparing therapy with some inhaled corticosteroids in plasma of asthmatic patients. Ahmed, S; Atia, NN, 2013)	2.12
"Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma. "	( A rare adverse effect of montelukast treatment: ecchymosis. Aypak, C; Görpelioğlu, S; Solmaz, N; Türedi, Ö; Yıkılkan, H, 2013)	2.14
"Montelukast is a specific cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor1 antagonist without known effects on the pulmonary vessels, which in theory should be advantageous with respect to gas exchange."	( Effects of montelukast on physical performance and exercise economy in adult asthmatics with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Bjermer, L; Sandsund, M; Steinshamn, S; Sue-Chu, M, 2002)	1.43
"Montelukast (Singulair) is an antiasthmatic agent that has the chemical structure of a quinoline. "	( [Pharmacological profile and clinical effects of montelukast sodium (Singulair chewable tablet), an antiasthmatic agent]. Nishikibe, M; Suzuki, J, 2002)	2.01
"Montelukast is a potent and selective antagonist of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor used for the treatment of asthma."	( A semi-automated 96-well protein precipitation method for the determination of montelukast in human plasma using high performance liquid chromatography/fluorescence detection. Fisher, AL; Kitchen, CJ; Musson, DG; Wang, AQ; Yang, AY, 2003)	1.27
"Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist recently approved for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR)."	( Fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray provided significantly greater improvement in daytime and nighttime nasal symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis compared with montelukast. Arastu, R; Baidoo, CA; Faris, MA; Howland, WC; Klein, KC; Philpot, EE; Ratner, PH; Rickard, KA, 2003)	1.23
"Montelukast is an inhibitor of CysLT and also has been shown to decrease eosinophil counts in peripheral blood and sputum of patients with asthma."	( Montelukast inhibits interleukin-5 mRNA expression and cysteinyl leukotriene production in ragweed and mite-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with asthma. Frieri, M; Huang, CY; Therattil, J; Wang, SF; Wang, YC, )	2.3
"Montelukast is a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist which is used as a preventive treatment for persistent asthma in patients > or =2 years of age. "	( Spotlight on montelukast in asthma in children 2 to 14 years of age. Muijsers, RB; Noble, S, 2002)	2.13
"Montelukast is an effective and well-tolerated preventative treatment for asthma and allergic rhinitis in adults and children."	( A review of montelukast in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Nayak, A, 2004)	1.42
"Montelukast is a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist approved for the treatment of asthma for those ages 1 year old to adult. "	( Pharmacokinetics of montelukast in asthmatic patients 6 to 24 months old. Deutsch, P; Hartford, A; Kearns, GL; Knorr, B; Migoya, E; Tozzi, CA; van Adelsberg, J; Zhao, J, 2004)	2.09
"Montelukast is a potent leukotriene receptor antagonist effective for treating asthma symptoms in adult and pediatric patients. "	( Montelukast in asthmatic patients 6 years-14 years old with an FEV1 > 75%. Becker, A; Knorr, B; Reiss, T; Swern, A; Tozzi, CA; Yu, Q, 2004)	3.21
"Montelukast is an effective, well-tolerated treatment for asthma in routine practice. "	( The national montelukast survey. Barnes, N; Price, D; Tate, H; Thomas, M, 2005)	2.14
"Montelukast is a cysteinyl leukotriene antagonist, which also reduces sputum and blood eosinophils."	( Failure of montelukast to reduce sputum eosinophilia in high-dose corticosteroid-dependent asthma. Duong, M; Efthimiadis, A; Hargreave, FE; Jayaram, L; Kamada, D; Pizzichini, E; Pizzichini, MM, 2005)	1.44
"Montelukast is a cys-LT antagonist that significantly improves asthma control in corticosteroid-treated asthmatic patients."	( Effect of montelukast on exhaled leukotrienes and quality of life in asthmatic patients. Barnes, PJ; Biernacka, HM; Biernacki, WA; Kharitonov, SA, 2005)	1.45
"Montelukast is a widely used controller agent in childhood asthma. "	( Effect of montelukast on peripheral airflow obstruction in children with asthma. Covar, RA; Gelfand, EW; Gleason, M; Jain, N; Shimamoto, R; Spahn, JD; Szefler, SJ, 2006)	2.18
"Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) currently licensed for the treatment of asthma."	( Montelukast in the treatment of HIV associated immune reconstitution disease. Breen, RA; Hardwick, C; Lipman, M; Monteiro, EF; Morris, E; White, D, 2006)	2.5
"Montelukast is an antagonist of cys-leukotriene receptors used mainly in the treatment of asthma- and seasonal-allergic rhinitis. "	( A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of montelukast in adult atopic eczema. Barclay, G; Berth-Jones, J; Friedmann, PS; Hotchkiss, K; Ogboli, M; Palmer, R; Tan, E, 2007)	2.04
"Montelukast is a viable treatment option for women with vulvar vestibulitis. "	( Improvement in vulvar vestibulitis with montelukast. Fisher, L; Kamdar, N; MacNeill, C, 2007)	2.05
"Montelukast is a potent cysteinyl leukotriene-1 receptor antagonist possessing some anti-inflammatory effects although the molecular mechanism of these anti-inflammatory effects is unknown. "	( Montelukast inhibits tumour necrosis factor-alpha-mediated interleukin-8 expression through inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB p65-associated histone acetyltransferase activity. Adcock, IM; Jazrawi, E; Moodley, T; Rovati, GE; Tahan, F, 2008)	3.23
"Montelukast (MLK) is a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1 (cysLT(1)R) antagonist with inhibitory effects on eosinophils, key proinflammatory cells in asthma. "	( Montelukast inhibition of resting and GM-CSF-stimulated eosinophil adhesion to VCAM-1 under flow conditions appears independent of cysLT(1)R antagonism. Kashanin, D; O'Dowd, F; Robinson, AJ; Walsh, GM; Williams, V, 2008)	3.23
"Montelukast is a relatively large anionic inhibitor that exhibits a tripartite structure and complements the size and shape of the active-site cavity."	( Determinants of cytochrome P450 2C8 substrate binding: structures of complexes with montelukast, troglitazone, felodipine, and 9-cis-retinoic acid. Dansette, PM; Johnson, EF; Sansen, S; Schoch, GA; Stout, CD; Yano, JK, 2008)	1.29
"Montelukast is a selective antagonist of the leukotriene D4 (LTD4) receptor. "	( Montelukast. Faulds, D; Markham, A, 1998)	3.19
"Montelukast is a cysteinyl leukotriene1 (CysLT1) receptor antagonist which improves asthma control; the aim of this study was to investigate its effect on induced sputum eosinophils."	( Montelukast reduces airway eosinophilic inflammation in asthma: a randomized, controlled trial. Boulet, LP; Efthimiadis, AE; Hargreave, FE; Hendeles, L; Leff, JA; Pizzichini, E; Reiss, TF; Wei, LX; Zhang, J, 1999)	2.47
"Montelukast is a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist used to treat persistent asthma in patients aged > or = 6 years. "	( Montelukast: a review of its therapeutic potential in persistent asthma. Jarvis, B; Markham, A, 2000)	3.19
"Montelukast is a selective leukotriene receptor antagonist that has been shown to be effective in the treatment of chronic asthma. "	( Montelukast adult (10-mg film-coated tablet) and pediatric (5-mg chewable tablet) dose selections. Holland, S; Knorr, B; Nguyen, HH; Reiss, TF; Rogers, JD, 2000)	3.19
"Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist administered orally once daily for treatment of chronic asthma in adults and children. "	( Clinical safety and tolerability of montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, in controlled clinical trials in patients aged > or = 6 years. Knorr, B; Michele, TM; Noonan, G; Reiss, TF; Shapiro, G; Shingo, S; Storms, W; Zhang, J, 2001)	2.03
"Montelukast is a cysteinyl leukotrienes antagonist."	( Use of montelukast in the treatment of early childhood wheezing from clinical experience with three cases. Chan, HK; Chau, KW; Law, AK; Ng, DK, 2000)	1.48
"Montelukast is a complementary to inhaled corticosteroids in controlling asthma."	( [Pharma-clinics. Medication of the month. Montelukast (Singulair)]. Louis, R, 2001)	1.3
"Montelukast is a specific antagonist of leukotrienes' receptors and constitutes a therapeutic option in controlling asthma."	( [Experience with montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, in pediatric patients with asthma]. Jiménez Ferral, R; Vega López, M, )	1.91
"Montelukast is an orally administered cysteinyl receptor antagonist, approved for the treatment of asthma. "	( Montelukast and improvement of eczema: observations from a prescription event monitoring study in England. Biswas, P; Shakir, SA; Wilton, LV, 2001)	3.2
"Montelukast is a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist which is used as a preventive treatment for persistent asthma in patients > or =2 years of age. "	( Montelukast: a review of its therapeutic potential in asthma in children 2 to 14 years of age. Muijsers, RB; Noble, S, 2002)	3.2
"Montelukast is a leukotriene antagonist approved for the treatment of childhood asthma in children age 2 years and older. "	( The efficacy of montelukast in the treatment of cat allergen-induced asthma in children. Eggleston, PA; Kesavan, J; Nowak-Wegrzyn, A; Phipatanakul, W; Schuberth, K; Van Natta, M; Wood, RA, 2002)	2.1

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Montelukast has an intermediate behavior, inasmuch as its interaction with (3)H-LTC(4) sites can be revealed only in kinetic studies, while zafirlukast is totally unable to inhibit (3)H-LTC(4) binding."	( Pharmacological differences among CysLT(1) receptor antagonists with respect to LTC(4) and LTD(4) in human lung parenchyma. Capra, V; Nicosia, S; Panigalli, T; Ravasi, S; Rovati, GE, 2002)	1.04
"Montelukast has an inhibitory effect on the inflammatory microenvironment of RA by decreasing the secretion of IL-6, IL-8, MMP-3 and MMP-13 in FLSs induced by IL-1β."	( Montelukast inhibits inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Dong, H; Li, X; Liu, B; Liu, F; Ma, F; Pang, L; Wang, L; Xu, L, 2018)	2.64
"Montelukast has a potential to attenuate the detrimental effects of ischemia reperfusion injury on intestinal anastomosis."	( Colonic anastomosis can be protected from ischemia reperfusion injury with intra-peritoneal Montelukast treatment. Akbaba, S; Bostancı, T; Cimen, S; Ersoy, PE; Sayin, T; Yildirim, Z, 2020)	2.22
"Montelukast has a reliable clinical curative efficacy for bronchiolitis in infants, possibly by decreasing serum leukotriene D4 and urinary leukotriene E4 levels."	( [Clinical efficacy of montelukast for the treatment of bronchiolitis in infants]. Li, J; Pan, JH, 2015)	2.17
"Montelukast has a significant influence in improving patients' nasal symptoms quality of live but is not as effective as SAHs, and may have a slight advantage over SAHs in relieving nighttime symptoms significantly. "	( The efficacy and safety of H1-antihistamine versus Montelukast for allergic rhinitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Wei, C, 2016)	2.13
"Montelukast has a protective effect on ischemic injury in neurons."	( [Effect of montelukast on morphological changes in neurons after ischemic injury]. Fang, SH; Huang, XQ; Lu, YB; Wang, XX; Wei, EQ; Yu, SY; Zhang, WP; Zhang, XY; Zhao, R, 2012)	2.21
"Montelukast has a high affinity for the CysLT1 receptor and a potency that is not influenced by human serum protein."	( [Pharmacological profile and clinical effects of montelukast sodium (Singulair chewable tablet), an antiasthmatic agent]. Nishikibe, M; Suzuki, J, 2002)	1.29
"Montelukast has a protective effect against both lower and upper airway responses during exposure to high levels of cat allergen."	( Protective effect of montelukast on lower and upper respiratory tract responses to short-term cat allergen exposure. Conover-Walker, MK; Corren, J; Dass, SB; Kim, EH; Malice, MP; Massaad, R; Perry, TT; Philip, G; Reiss, TF; Wood, RA, 2004)	2.09
"Montelukast has a rapid onset of action and may be effective if used intermittently."	( Short-course montelukast for intermittent asthma in children: a randomized controlled trial. Fitzgerald, D; Glasgow, N; Henry, R; Lee, AJ; Mellis, C; Price, D; Robertson, CF; Sant, M; Turner, J, 2007)	1.43
"Montelukast has an intermediate behavior, inasmuch as its interaction with (3)H-LTC(4) sites can be revealed only in kinetic studies, while zafirlukast is totally unable to inhibit (3)H-LTC(4) binding."	( Pharmacological differences among CysLT(1) receptor antagonists with respect to LTC(4) and LTD(4) in human lung parenchyma. Capra, V; Nicosia, S; Panigalli, T; Ravasi, S; Rovati, GE, 2002)	1.04
"Montelukast has also been noted to have anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting it may have a role in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has been noted to induce misfiring of the immune system in some patients. "	( Montelukast as a potential treatment for COVID-19. McCarthy, MW, 2023)	3.8
"Montelukast has been the subject of small studies of SARS-CoV-2 and will be included in a large, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of outpatients with COVID-19 sponsored by the United States National Institutes of Health known as Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines-6. "	( Montelukast as a potential treatment for COVID-19. McCarthy, MW, 2023)	3.8
"Montelukast has short-term beneficial treatment effects for OSA in otherwise healthy, non-obese, surgically untreated children (moderate certainty for primary outcome and moderate and high certainty, respectively, for two secondary outcomes) by significantly reducing the number of apnoeas, hypopnoeas, and respiratory arousals during sleep."	( Anti-inflammatory medications for obstructive sleep apnoea in children. Hoffmann, DU; Kuhle, S; Mitra, S; Urschitz, MS, 2020)	1.28
"Montelukast has shown anti-inflammatory effects, reduced cytokine production, improvement in post-infection cough production and other lung complications."	( Possible Therapeutic Potential of Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Montelukast in Treatment of SARS-CoV-2-Induced COVID-19. Dey, M; Singh, RK, 2021)	1.57
"Montelukast has had questionable efficacy in patients with atopic dermatitis, whereas small pilots using zileuton did have some clinically significant improvement."	( Emerging therapies for atopic dermatitis: The prostaglandin/leukotriene pathway. Mosser-Goldfarb, JL; Yanes, DA, 2018)	1.2
"Montelukast has an inhibitory effect on the inflammatory microenvironment of RA by decreasing the secretion of IL-6, IL-8, MMP-3 and MMP-13 in FLSs induced by IL-1β."	( Montelukast inhibits inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Dong, H; Li, X; Liu, B; Liu, F; Ma, F; Pang, L; Wang, L; Xu, L, 2018)	2.64
"Montelukast has a potential to attenuate the detrimental effects of ischemia reperfusion injury on intestinal anastomosis."	( Colonic anastomosis can be protected from ischemia reperfusion injury with intra-peritoneal Montelukast treatment. Akbaba, S; Bostancı, T; Cimen, S; Ersoy, PE; Sayin, T; Yildirim, Z, 2020)	2.22
"Montelukast (MNK) has prominent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. "	( Montelukast modifies simvastatin-induced myopathy and hepatotoxicity. Ahmed, EA; Ali, MF; Hareedy, MS, 2019)	3.4
"Montelukast has been recommended as a selective in vitro and in vivo probe of cytochrome P450 (P450) CYP2C8 activity, but its selectivity toward this enzyme remains unclear. "	( In Vitro Metabolism of Montelukast by Cytochrome P450s and UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases. Cardoso, Jde O; Desta, Z; Lu, JB; Oliveira, RV, 2015)	2.17
"Montelukast has a reliable clinical curative efficacy for bronchiolitis in infants, possibly by decreasing serum leukotriene D4 and urinary leukotriene E4 levels."	( [Clinical efficacy of montelukast for the treatment of bronchiolitis in infants]. Li, J; Pan, JH, 2015)	2.17
"Montelukast has a significant influence in improving patients' nasal symptoms quality of live but is not as effective as SAHs, and may have a slight advantage over SAHs in relieving nighttime symptoms significantly. "	( The efficacy and safety of H1-antihistamine versus Montelukast for allergic rhinitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Wei, C, 2016)	2.13
"Montelukast has minimal risk of adverse reactions compared with steroid therapy and may offer clinical relief in a small subset of children with eosinophilic esophagitis."	( Observations on use of montelukast in pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis: insights for the future. Al-Zubeidi, D; Guerin, L; Mitros, F; Rahhal, R; Stumphy, J, 2011)	1.4
"Montelukast has been well studied through rigorous clinical trials. "	( Montelukast for the treatment of asthma in the adult population. Amlani, S; McIvor, RA; Nadarajah, T, 2011)	3.25
"Montelukast has been proven to assure a protective effect against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction."	( Time-effect of montelukast on protection against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Boner, AL; Chinellato, I; Peroni, DG; Pescollderungg, L; Piacentini, GL; Sandri, M, 2011)	2.16
"Montelukast has ameliorated I/R induced vasculitic neuropathic pain, these effects may be due to inhibition of lipid peroxidation, reduction of oxidative stress, release of inflammatory mediators and neuroprotective actions. "	( Ameliorative potential of montelukast on ischemia-reperfusion injury induced vasculitic neuropathic pain in rat. Muthuraman, A; Ramesh, M; Sood, S, 2012)	2.12
"Montelukast has a protective effect on ischemic injury in neurons."	( [Effect of montelukast on morphological changes in neurons after ischemic injury]. Fang, SH; Huang, XQ; Lu, YB; Wang, XX; Wei, EQ; Yu, SY; Zhang, WP; Zhang, XY; Zhao, R, 2012)	2.21
"Montelukast has a high affinity for the CysLT1 receptor and a potency that is not influenced by human serum protein."	( [Pharmacological profile and clinical effects of montelukast sodium (Singulair chewable tablet), an antiasthmatic agent]. Nishikibe, M; Suzuki, J, 2002)	1.29
"Montelukast has been found to be of significant help in the symptomatic control of these patients while avoiding long term corticosteroids use."	( Eosinophilic oesophagitis: a novel treatment using Montelukast. Armstrong, GR; Attwood, SE; Bronder, CS; Lewis, CJ; Morris, CD; Whittam, J, 2003)	1.29
"Oral montelukast has shown efficacy as a preventive treatment for asthma during clinical trials in children aged 2 to 14 years. "	( Spotlight on montelukast in asthma in children 2 to 14 years of age. Muijsers, RB; Noble, S, 2002)	1.2
"Montelukast has a protective effect against both lower and upper airway responses during exposure to high levels of cat allergen."	( Protective effect of montelukast on lower and upper respiratory tract responses to short-term cat allergen exposure. Conover-Walker, MK; Corren, J; Dass, SB; Kim, EH; Malice, MP; Massaad, R; Perry, TT; Philip, G; Reiss, TF; Wood, RA, 2004)	2.09
"Montelukast has been shown to be effective in controlling the increase in exhaled NO in asthmatic children re-exposed to house dust mite (HDM). "	( Effect of budesonide and montelukast in asthmatic children exposed to relevant allergens. Baraldi, E; Bodini, A; Boner, AL; Loiacono, A; Miraglia Del Giudice, M; Peroni, D; Piacentini, G, 2005)	2.07
"Montelukast has shown efficacy for seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR); however, onset of action for SAR has not been presented. "	( Onset of efficacy of montelukast in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Dass, SB; Hampel, FC; Malice, MP; Philip, G; Reiss, TF; Swern, AS; Weinstein, SF, )	1.89
"Montelukast has demonstrated consistent benefit in controlling symptoms of asthma and may be an alternative, orally administered, nonsteroidal agent for treating mild asthma."	( Montelukast, compared with fluticasone, for control of asthma among 6- to 14-year-old patients with mild asthma: the MOSAIC study. Garcia Garcia, ML; Gilles, L; Polos, P; Swern, A; Tozzi, CA; Wahn, U, 2005)	2.49
"Montelukast has proven efficacy in the treatment of chronic asthma and seasonal allergic rhinitis, but it has not been evaluated in the subpopulation of asthmatic patients with seasonal asthma symptoms."	( Efficacy of montelukast during the allergy season in patients with chronic asthma and seasonal aeroallergen sensitivity. Bird, SR; Busse, WW; Casale, TB; Dykewicz, MS; Edelman, JM; Grant, E; Hustad, CM; Meltzer, EO; Zeldin, RK, 2006)	2.16
"Montelukast has onset of action within one hour."	( Montelukast in pediatric asthma management. Kabra, SK; Lodha, R; Walia, M, 2006)	2.5
"Montelukast has a rapid onset of action and may be effective if used intermittently."	( Short-course montelukast for intermittent asthma in children: a randomized controlled trial. Fitzgerald, D; Glasgow, N; Henry, R; Lee, AJ; Mellis, C; Price, D; Robertson, CF; Sant, M; Turner, J, 2007)	1.43
"Montelukast has demonstrated consistent benefit in controlling symptoms of asthma and may be an alternative, orally administered, nonsteroidal agent for treating mild asthma."	( Montelukast vs. inhaled low-dose budesonide as monotherapy in the treatment of mild persistent asthma: a randomized double blind controlled trial. Kabra, SK; Kumar, V; Lodha, R; Pandey, RM; Ramesh, P, 2007)	2.5
"Montelukast has not been reported to have major effects on sneezing and itching in the clinic but reduces nasal obstruction (lower nasal airway pressure or nasal patency)."	( Differential responses to various classes of drugs in a model of allergic rhinitis in guinea pigs. Al Suleimani, YM; Dong, Y; Walker, MJ, 2008)	1.07
"Montelukast (5 mg/day) has also demonstrated efficacy in childhood asthma."	( Montelukast. Faulds, D; Markham, A, 1998)	2.46
"Montelukast has been associated with Churg-Strauss syndrome in a very small number of adults."	( Tolerability of montelukast. Price, D, 2000)	1.37
"Oral montelukast has shown efficacy as a preventive treatment for asthma during clinical trials in children aged 2 to 14 years. "	( Montelukast: a review of its therapeutic potential in asthma in children 2 to 14 years of age. Muijsers, RB; Noble, S, 2002)	2.27

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The montelukast group had a lower percentage of children with an ACT/C-ACT score ≤ 19 (P = 0.015)."	( Treatment of pediatric mild persistent asthma with low-dose budesonide inhalation suspension vs. montelukast in China. Chen, ZM; Hong, JG; Xiang, L; Zhao, DY, 2021)	1.32
"Montelukast, which plays an anti-inflammatory role, is used to treat patients with asthma."	( Montelukast treatment protects nigral dopaminergic neurons against microglial activation in the 6-hydroxydopamine mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Jang, H; Kim, S; Kim, SR; Lee, JM; Oh, YS; Park, SM, 2017)	2.62
"Montelukast may suppress eosinophil infiltrating into lungs of asthmatic mice, but it does not inhibit the proliferation and emigration of CD(34)(+) cells and does not show apparent synergistic effect with prednisone."	( [The effects of anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic agents on CD34+ hematopoietic cells in bone marrow of asthmatic mice]. Deng, YL; Liu, CT; Mao, H; Wang, ZL; Yin, KS; Yu, YH, 2004)	1.04
"Montelukast failed to cause vasoconstriction in LPS challenged rat lung, or to inhibit i- and eNOS activity as well as iNOS expression in aortic rings from the same species."	( Montelukast exerts no acute direct effect on NO synthases. Braun, C; Eichert, K; Eltze, M; Grebe, T; Hamacher, J; Lucas, R; Strub, A; Wendel, A, 2007)	2.5

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Montelukast treatment failed to improve FEV1% in both groups compared to the placebo."	( The Montelukast Therapy in Asthmatic Children with and without Food Allergy: Does It Make Any Difference? Arik Yilmaz, E; Custovic, A; Fontanella, S; Haider, S; Kalayci, O; Sackesen, C; Sahiner, UM; Soyer, O, )	1.41
"Montelukast treatment resulted in modulation of beclin-1 expression, a marker for autophagy, and in a reduction in the human alpha-synulcein load in the transgenic mice."	( The Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Montelukast Reduces Alpha-Synuclein Load and Restores Memory in an Animal Model of Dementia with Lewy Bodies. Aigner, L; Altendorfer, B; Attems, J; Chishty, M; Felder, T; Garnweidner-Raith, J; Holztrattner, M; Hutter-Paier, B; Johnson, M; Leister, I; Marschallinger, J; Masliah, E; Pillichshammer, N; Rockenstein, E; Strempfl, K; Unger, MS, 2020)	1.55
"Montelukast treatment restored their expressions to normal values."	( Mechanisms underlying the protective effect of leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast against doxorubicin induced testicular injury in rats. Mohamed, MZ; Zenhom, NM, 2020)	1.51
"Montelukast treatment significantly reduced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airway remodeling."	( Cysteinyl Leukotriene Synthesis via Phospholipase A2 Group IV Mediates Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction and Airway Remodeling. Arakawa, M; Hasegawa, T; Hayashi, M; Kikuchi, T; Kimura, Y; Koya, T; Saito, A; Takeuchi, H; Tsukioka, K; Ueno, H; Watanabe, S, 2020)	1.28
"Montelukast treatment attenuated chlorine-induced macrophage influx, neutrophilia and eosinophilia in BAL fluid."	( Montelukast reduces inhaled chlorine triggered airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation in the mouse. Allard, B; Ano, S; Hamamoto, Y; Martin, JG; McGovern, TK; O'Sullivan, M, 2017)	2.62
"Montelukast treatment for 4 days protected against cell death with 90% more cell death in the vehicle group compared to the montelukast group 24 h after CIR."	( The anti-asthmatic drug, montelukast, modifies the neurogenic potential in the young healthy and irradiated brain. Blennow, K; Boström, M; Eriksson, Y; Kalm, M; Kuhn, G; Sandelius, Å; Zetterberg, H, 2018)	1.51
"Montelukast treatment prevented IL-8 release and heterologous β2-adrenoceptor desensitization in human BSMC exposed to monocyte-derived MPs by blocking NF-κB nuclear translocation."	( Montelukast prevents microparticle-induced inflammatory and functional alterations in human bronchial smooth muscle cells. Amoruso, A; Bardelli, C; Breschi, MC; Brunelleschi, S; Celi, A; Fogli, S; Neri, T; Stefanelli, F, 2013)	2.55
"Montelukast treatment for asthma symptoms reversibly suppresses nasal AEC release of pro-inflammatory mediators (i.e. "	( Inhibitory effects of Montelukast on mediator release by nasal epithelial cells from asthmatic subjects with or without allergic rhinitis. Devereux, GS; Miller, D; Scaife, A; Spiteri-Cornish, D; Turner, SW; Walsh, GM, 2013)	2.15
"Montelukast treatment prevented tissue damage in ovaries, and this result was significant."	( Montelukast prevents ischaemia/reperfusion-induced ovarian damage in rats. Akdemir, A; Erbaş, O; Ergenoğlu, M; Oltulu, F; Ozgür Yeniel, A; Taskiran, D; Yavaşoğlu, A, 2014)	2.57
"Montelukast may be a new treatment option to prevent and control the OHSS."	( Comparison of montelukast and cabergoline for prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: in an experimental rat model. Akdogan, A; Akman, L; Aktug, H; Erbas, O; Goker, EN; Sahin, G; Taskiran, D; Tavmergen, E, 2015)	1.5
"Montelukast treatment decreased the cumulative numbers of recurrent wheezing episodes and recurrent respiratory tract infections at 9 and 12 months."	( Characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus-induced bronchiolitis co-infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and add-on therapy with montelukast. Chen, XQ; Dong, L; Kong, X; Liao, PY; Wu, JM; Wu, SH; Yin, PL, 2016)	1.36
"The montelukast treatment group showed significantly lower serum leukotriene B4 and urinary leukotriene E4 levels than the control group (P<0.05)."	( [Clinical efficacy of montelukast for the treatment of bronchiolitis in infants]. Li, J; Pan, JH, 2015)	1.21
"Montelukast-treated mDCs suppressed IFN-γ and IL-13 production by T cells."	( Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist epigenetically modulates cytokine expression and maturation of human myeloid dendritic cells. Hsieh, CC; Huang, MY; Huang, SK; Hung, CH; Kuo, CH; Kuo, HF; Lee, MS; Lin, YC; Yang, SN, 2016)	1.16
"Montelukast treatment resulted in the functional ANS status re-arrangement, with sympathetic overdrive and parasympathetic withdrawal."	( THE INFLUENCE OF MONTELUKAST ON THE ACTIVITY OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM ESTIMATED BY HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN EXPERIMENTAL PARTIAL BLADDER OUTLET OBSTRUCTION IN RATS. Baranowska, A; Dobrek, Ł; Skowron, B; Thor, PJ; Zurowski, D, )	1.19
"Montelukast treatment decreased the number of both mature granulated and degranulated mast cells in rats subjected to WAS."	( The leukotriene d4 receptor antagonist, montelukast, inhibits mast cell degranulation in the dermis induced by water avoidance stress. Cetinel, S; Cikler, E; Ercan, F; Ersoy, Y, 2009)	1.34
"Montelukast treatment reduced BBB permeability."	( Cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast decreases blood-brain barrier permeability but does not prevent oedema formation in traumatic brain injury. Berkman, Z; Biber, N; Dulger, FG; Gultomruk, M; Hakan, T; Solakoglu, S; Toklu, HZ, 2009)	1.34
"Montelukast treatment reduces eosinophil degranulation and is associated with a decrease in recurrent wheezing episodes in post-RSV bronchiolitis."	( A randomized intervention of montelukast for post-bronchiolitis: effect on eosinophil degranulation. Callaway, Z; Choi, J; Fujisawa, T; Kim, CK; Kim, HB; Kim, JT; Koh, YY; Shin, BM, 2010)	2.09
"Montelukast treatment also significantly reduced these levels to the levels seen after saline challenges in GATA-3-overexpressing mice."	( Blockade of cysteinyl leukotriene-1 receptors suppresses airway remodelling in mice overexpressing GATA-3. Haraguchi, N; Hizawa, N; Ishii, Y; Kawaguchi, M; Kikuchi, N; Kiwamoto, T; Masuko, H; Morishima, Y; Nomura, A; Sakamoto, T; Takahashi, S; Yoh, K, 2011)	1.09
"Montelukast treatment normalized changes of LPO and MPO and stimulated an overproduction of endogenous SOD and GSH. "	( Protective effects of montelukast on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat ovaries subjected to torsion and detorsion: biochemical and histopathologic evaluation. Coskun, AK; Halici, Z; Keles, ON; Kilic, C; Odabasoglu, F; Oral, A; Salman, AB; Surer, I; Unal, B, 2011)	2.13
"Montelukast treatment also decreased mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, and TGF-β1, all of which were elevated in fibrotic lungs."	( Effects of montelukast, a cysteinyl-leukotriene type 1 receptor antagonist, on the pathogenesis of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Okunishi, H; Shimbori, C; Shiota, N, 2011)	1.48
"Montelukast-treated rats showed reduction in collagen deposition by 29% and significant reduction in lung hydroxyproline content by 32%."	( Effect of leukotriene receptor antagonists on lung fibrosis in rats. Shaker, OG; Sourour, DA, 2011)	1.09
"Montelukast treatment after CP injection exerted therapeutic effects against CP-induced acute kidney damage."	( Beneficial effects of montelukast against cisplatin-induced acute renal damage in rats. Beytur, A; Cetin, A; Dogan, Z; Ekinci, N; Köse, E; Sapmaz, HI; Sarihan, ME; Turkoz, Y; Vardi, N, 2012)	2.14
"Montelukast treatment after amikacin injection could reduce the amikacin-induced kidney damage."	( The effects of montelukast against amikacin-induced acute renal damage. Beytur, A; Cinar, K; Dogan, Z; Ekinci, N; Ekincioglu, Z; Kose, E; Soysal, H; Turkoz, Y; Vardi, N, 2012)	2.17
"Montelukast treatment (Group III) significantly reduced the total lung injury score, compared with the HS group (Group II) (P < 0.05). "	( Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast ameliorates acute lung injury following haemorrhagic shock in rats. Al-Amran, FG; Hadi, NR; Hashim, AM, 2013)	2.1
"Montelukast and zileuton treatments prevented the T/D-induced augmentation in MDA levels."	( Effects of montelukast and zileuton on testicular torsion/detorsion injury in rats. Acikgoz, S; Baba, F; Banoglu, ZN; Dengiz, GO; Isikdemir, F; Kelek, S; Kurcer, Z; Sipahi, EY, 2014)	1.51
"Montelukast treatment compared with placebo was associated with a lower mean maximum decrease of FEV(1) (mean +/- SEM: 17.3% +/- 2.4% and 35.1% +/- 2.6%, respectively), decrease of the area above the curve (267.8% +/- 42.7%/min and 868.0% +/- 103.8%/min, respectively), and shorter time for recovery (6.9 +/- 1.1 minutes and 30.9 +/- 4.0 minutes, respectively; P <.05)."	( Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in children: montelukast attenuates the immediate-phase and late-phase responses. Melo, RE; Naspitz, CK; Solé, D, 2003)	1.29
"Montelukast pretreatment significantly increased (P <.01) the PC(15) NKA value (708.8 microg/mL; +SE, 890.47 microg/mL; -SE, 564.15 microg/mL) in comparison with placebo (394.4 microg/mL; +SE, 491.88 microg/mL; -SE, 248.16 microg/mL) and produced a shift of the NKA concentration-response curve to the right in all the subjects studied."	( Inhibitory effect of a leukotriene receptor antagonist (montelukast) on neurokinin A-induced bronchoconstriction. Crimi, N; Mastruzzo, C; Pagano, C; Palermo, F; Pistorio, MP; Prosperini, G; Vancheri, C, 2003)	1.29
"Montelukast treatment significantly decreased physician-rated hyperemia, secretion, and chemosis as well as patient-rated burning, tearing, photophobia, secretion, and redness."	( Montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, in vernal keratoconjunctivitis associated with asthma. Bonini, S; Bruscolini, A; Coassin, M; Lambiase, A; Rasi, G, 2003)	2.48
"Montelukast treatment significantly increased the number of rescue-free days in symptomatic children with asthma."	( Montelukast improves asthma control in asthmatic children maintained on inhaled corticosteroids. Cronin, B; Downes, SJ; Eller, TJ; Greene, C; Irani, AM; Phipatanakul, W; Schneider, LC, 2003)	3.2
"Montelukast treatment resulted in a significant improvement in exercise tolerance: median delta FEV1 20.0% (range 0-50) prior to treatment vs. "	( The effect of montelukast on bronchial provocation tests and exhaled nitric oxide levels in asthmatic patients. Avital, A; Bardach, E; Berkman, N; Breuer, R; Godfrey, S; Springer, C, 2003)	2.12
"Montelukast treatment induced a significant decrease of IL4 and IL13 levels (p < 0.001, for both comparisons), and a significant increase of IFN gamma (p < 0.001)."	( Nasal cytokine modulation by montelukast in allergic children: a pilot study. Ciprandi, G; Frati, F; Marcucci, F; Milanese, M; Ricca, V; Sensi, L; Tosca, MA, 2003)	2.05
"Montelukast treatment reversed a typical Th2 cytokine pattern (IL4 and IL13) toward a Th1 (IFN gamma) predominance in children with PAR and EIA. "	( Nasal cytokine modulation by montelukast in allergic children: a pilot study. Ciprandi, G; Frati, F; Marcucci, F; Milanese, M; Ricca, V; Sensi, L; Tosca, MA, 2003)	2.05
"Montelukast treatment resulted in a significant decrease of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa, and in either bone marrow interleukin (IL)-5-, but not IL-3-, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-responsive eosinophil/basophil colony-forming units, and IL-5-stimulated eosinophil maturation."	( Effects of a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist on eosinophil recruitment in experimental allergic rhinitis. Baatjes, AJ; Crawford, L; Cyr, MM; Denburg, E; Denburg, JA; Howie, K; Morikawa, H; Saito, H, 2004)	1.04
"Montelukast treatment induced significant reductions in adenoid size and respiratory-related sleep disturbances, which were absent in 16 children with SDB who did not receive treatment. "	( Leukotriene modifier therapy for mild sleep-disordered breathing in children. Goldbart, AD; Goldman, JL; Gozal, D; Veling, MC, 2005)	1.77
"Oral montelukast sodium treatment of these children with mild to moderate asthma effectively improved asthmatic symptoms and suppressed airway inflammation in 1 week, suggesting that this leukotriene antagonist combined with short-acting beta2 agonists may provide effective treatment option in mild to moderate childhood asthma. "	( Effects of montelukast on symptoms and eNO in children with mild to moderate asthma. Chen, CJ; Hung, CH; Lai, YS; Lee, MY; Yang, KD, 2005)	1.23
"Montelukast treatment also improved global evaluations of allergic rhinitis by patients and Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire scores: differences vs the placebo group were -0.15 (95% CI, -0.27 to -0.04; P < .01) and -0.15 (95% CI, -0.24 to -0.06; P < .001), respectively."	( Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of montelukast for treating perennial allergic rhinitis. Call, R; Dass, SB; Garrett, GC; Gilles, L; Horak, F; Knorr, BA; LaForce, C; Patel, P; Philip, G; Reiss, TF; Yang, W, 2005)	1.3
"Montelukast treatment resulted in significantly less regional air-trapping on HRCT on the pre-methacholine images when compared with placebo, as well as improvement in total quality of life scores and symptom sub-scores."	( Montelukast improves regional air-trapping due to small airways obstruction in asthma. Elashoff, R; Goldin, JG; Kim, HJ; Kleerup, EC; Liu, W; Sayre, JW; Simmons, MD; Tashkin, DP; Truong, DA; Zeidler, MR, 2006)	2.5
"Montelukast-treated patients had lower residual volume (P = .05), residual volume-total lung capacity ratio (P = .04), Raw (P = .02), Sgaw (P = .03), and serum ECP levels (P = .02) at 8 weeks compared with those treated with placebo. "	( Effect of montelukast on peripheral airflow obstruction in children with asthma. Covar, RA; Gelfand, EW; Gleason, M; Jain, N; Shimamoto, R; Spahn, JD; Szefler, SJ, 2006)	2.18
"Montelukast treatment did not produce a significant effect on eNO levels compared with placebo (P = .96)."	( Effect of montelukast on symptoms and exhaled nitric oxide levels in 7- to 14-year-old children with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Bakirtas, A; Erbas, D; Harmanci, K; Razi, C; Turktas, I, 2006)	1.46
"Montelukast treatment provided significant improvement in symptoms and peripheral eosinophil counts of school-age children with seasonal allergic rhinitis; however, it did not show a significant effect on eNO levels."	( Effect of montelukast on symptoms and exhaled nitric oxide levels in 7- to 14-year-old children with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Bakirtas, A; Erbas, D; Harmanci, K; Razi, C; Turktas, I, 2006)	2.18
"Montelukast treatment reversed all these biochemical indices, as well as histopathological alterations induced by CRF."	( Chronic renal failure-induced multiple-organ injury in rats is alleviated by the selective CysLT1 receptor antagonist montelukast. Ekşioğlu-Demiralp, E; Ercan, F; Gedik, N; Sakarcan, A; Sehirli, O; Sener, E; Sener, G; Yeğen, BC, 2007)	1.27
"Montelukast treatment in the I/R group decreased these parameters compared with I/R alone."	( Montelukast reduces ischaemia/reperfusion-induced bladder dysfunction and oxidant damage in the rat. Alican, I; Ercan, F; Sehirli, O; Sener, G; Toklu, H, 2007)	2.5
"Montelukast is a viable treatment option for women with vulvar vestibulitis. "	( Improvement in vulvar vestibulitis with montelukast. Fisher, L; Kamdar, N; MacNeill, C, 2007)	2.05
"Montelukast treatment resulted in a shorter time to recovery (18 vs 28 minutes for montelukast and placebo, respectively, P = .079)."	( Montelukast once daily inhibits exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in 6- to 14-year-old children with asthma. Dockhorn, RJ; Kemp, JP; Knorr, B; Nguyen, HH; Reiss, TF; Seidenberg, BC; Shapiro, GG, 1998)	2.46
"Montelukast pretreatment was generally not effective in altering upper airway reactions and only partly effective in altering lower airway reactions."	( Montelukast is only partially effective in inhibiting aspirin responses in aspirin-sensitive asthmatics. Christiansen, SC; Mathison, DA; Simon, RA; Stevenson, DD, 2000)	2.47
"Montelukast treatment resulted in significant improvement in urinary frequency and pain. "	( The cysteinyl leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist montelukast for the treatment of interstitial cystitis. Bouchelouche, K; Bouchelouche, P; Hald, T; Nordling, J, 2001)	2.01
"The montelukast treatment group was more adherent with their regimen than the inhaled beclomethasone treatment group; almost twice as many children on montelukast compared with inhaled beclomethasone were highly compliant (82% versus 45%)."	( Oral montelukast versus inhaled beclomethasone in 6- to 11-year-old children with asthma: results of an open-label extension study evaluating long-term safety, satisfaction, and adherence with therapy. Dueñas-Meza, E; Kosa, L; Leff, JA; Maspero, JF; Pinacho Daza, C; Volovitz, B; Vrijens, F, 2001)	1.31
"Montelukast pretreatment provided highly significant protection against adenosine induced bronchoconstriction, with geometric mean PC(20)AMP values of 52.6 mg/ml (95% CI 35.2 to 78.7) after placebo and 123.9 mg/ml (95% CI 83.0 to 185.0) after montelukast (p=0.006). "	( Role of cysteinyl leukotrienes in adenosine 5'-monophosphate induced bronchoconstriction in asthma. Arshad, H; Holgate, ST; Jeffs, JA; Jennison, S; Rorke, S; Sampson, AP, 2002)	1.76
"Treatment with montelukast compared to placebo may result in a reduction of pruritus, but the evidence is very uncertain (two studies, 87 participants): SMD -1.40, 95% CI -1.87 to -0.92; certainty of evidence: very low."	( Pharmacological interventions for pruritus in adult palliative care patients. Becker, C; Becker, G; Boehlke, C; Buroh, S; Coune, B; Hercz, D; Joos, L; Meerpohl, JJ; Schwarzer, G, 2023)	1.25
"Pre-treatment with montelukast attenuated chlorine-induced neutrophilia and AHR in mice. "	( Montelukast reduces inhaled chlorine triggered airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation in the mouse. Allard, B; Ano, S; Hamamoto, Y; Martin, JG; McGovern, TK; O'Sullivan, M, 2017)	2.23
"Treatment with montelukast and intranasal steroids or montelukast alone is potentially beneficial for short-term management of mild pediatric OSA."	( Montelukast and Nasal Corticosteroids to Treat Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ahmad, I; Camacho, M; Liming, BJ; Mack, D; Ryan, M, 2019)	2.31
"Treatment with montelukast significantly attenuated the AHR and eosinophilic airway inflammation in OVA-sensitized and OVA-challenged mice."	( Effect of a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist on experimental emphysema and asthma combined with emphysema. Fuchimoto, Y; Ikeda, G; Kanehiro, A; Kataoka, M; Koga, H; Kurimoto, E; Miyahara, N; Taniguchi, A; Tanimoto, M; Tanimoto, Y; Waseda, K, 2014)	0.74
"Pretreatment with montelukast reduced lipid peroxidation (p<0.005) and improved antioxidant status in rats (p<0.001)."	( Montelukast prevents ischaemia/reperfusion-induced ovarian damage in rats. Akdemir, A; Erbaş, O; Ergenoğlu, M; Oltulu, F; Ozgür Yeniel, A; Taskiran, D; Yavaşoğlu, A, 2014)	2.17
"Treatment with Montelukast sodium was provided over the course of 12 weeks."	( Clinical efficacy of montelukast sodium in treating infantile wheezing. Guo, YS; Li, J; Ma, C; Zai, J; Zhang, J; Zou, YX, 2014)	1.06
"Treatment with montelukast sodium directly targeted the cysteinyl leukotriene type 1 receptor, leading to increased chondrocyte proliferation at early time points."	( Enhanced fracture repair by leukotriene antagonism is characterized by increased chondrocyte proliferation and early bone formation: a novel role of the cysteinyl LT-1 receptor. Ayers, DC; Fanning, PJ; Gaur, T; Lian, JB; Mason-Savas, A; O'Connell, SL; Silva, J; Stein, GS; Wixted, JJ, 2009)	0.69
"Treatment with montelukast after hospital admission for RSV bronchiolitis in children younger than 2 years of age did not reduce symptoms of cough and wheeze. "	( Montelukast does not prevent reactive airway disease in young children hospitalized for RSV bronchiolitis. De Bilderling, G; De Boeck, K; Govaere, E; Proesmans, M; Raes, M; Sauer, K, 2009)	2.15
"Treatment with montelukast was generally well tolerated."	( Add-on montelukast in inadequately controlled asthma patients in a 6-month open-label study: the MONtelukast In Chronic Asthma (MONICA) study. Ljungblad, L; Mehta, A; Mitfessel, H; Virchow, JC, 2010)	1.16
"Treatment with montelukast for 10 days resulted in an impressive reduction in the basal portal pressure and an attenuation of the KC-dependent increase in portal pressure."	( Treatment with the leukotriene inhibitor montelukast for 10 days attenuates portal hypertension in rat liver cirrhosis. Bilzer, M; Gerbes, AL; Göke, B; Hartmann, AC; Hennenberg, M; op den Winkel, M; Pfeiler, S; Steib, CJ, 2010)	0.97
"Treatment with montelukast significantly attenuated the increased fibrotic area and hydroxyproline content in the fibrotic lungs of bleomycin-instilled mice."	( Effects of montelukast, a cysteinyl-leukotriene type 1 receptor antagonist, on the pathogenesis of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Okunishi, H; Shimbori, C; Shiota, N, 2011)	1.1
"Treatment with montelukast attenuated the maximal early asthmatic response compared with placebo (p < 0.001) and budesonide (p = 0.002)."	( Effects of montelukast and budesonide on airway responses and airway inflammation in asthma. Inman, MD; Leigh, R; O'Byrne, PM; Rerecich, T; Vethanayagam, D; Watson, RM; Yoshida, M, 2002)	1.04
"Pretreatment with montelukast significantly protected against this reduction."	( Montelukast prevents antigen-induced mucociliary dysfunction in sheep. Abraham, WM; Sabater, JR; Wanner, A, 2002)	2.08
"Treatment with montelukast also abolished late-phase responses."	( Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in children: montelukast attenuates the immediate-phase and late-phase responses. Melo, RE; Naspitz, CK; Solé, D, 2003)	0.91
"Pretreatment with montelukast mildly decreased NO production without producing a concomitant significant decrease in iNOS mRNA expression."	( Effect of montelukast pretreatment on inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression in the lungs of antigen-challenged allergic mice. Chernichovski, T; Fireman, E; Iaina, A; Kivity, S; Sade, K; Schwartz, D; Schwartz, I; Wolman, Y, 2003)	1.04
"Treatment with montelukast prevented the damage as well as the changes in biochemical parameters in all tissues studied."	( Gastroprotective effect of leukotriene receptor blocker montelukast in alendronat-induced lesions of the rat gastric mucosa. Ayanoğlu-Dülger, G; Cetinel, S; Cikler, E; Kapucu, C; Sener, G, 2005)	0.91
"Treatment with montelukast may also be associated with deviation of the immune system towards the Th1-specific pathway."	( Brief case series: montelukast, at doses recommended for asthma treatment, reduces disease severity and increases soluble CD14 in children with atopic dermatitis. Fok, TF; Hon, KL; Leung, TF; Ma, KC; Wong, Y, 2005)	1
"Treatment with montelukast and loratadine inhibited the release of cysteinyl leukotrienes and histamine into the airways, but did not inhibit the release of columnar epithelial cells into the airways."	( Inflammatory basis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Aitken, ML; Hallstrand, TS; Henderson, WR; Moody, MW; Schwartz, LB; Wurfel, MM, 2005)	0.67
"Pre-treatment with montelukast did not influence wheal size (p=0.099, 0.21, 0.066 for histamine, codeine and allergens, respectively), but significantly reduced flare (p=0.005; 0.003; 0.02 for histamine, codeine and allergens, respectively)."	( The effect of montelukast (10mg daily) and loratadine (10mg daily) on wheal, flare and itching reactions in skin prick tests. Górski, P; Kuna, P; Kupczyk, M; Kupryś, I, 2007)	1.02
"Treatment with montelukast significantly reduced clinical scores and X-ray scores of collagen-induced arthritis, and decreased the number of mast cells in the inflamed paws of collagen-induced arthritic mice."	( Pathophysiological role of mast cells in collagen-induced arthritis: study with a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist, montelukast. Okunishi, H; Shimoura, K; Shiota, N, 2006)	0.88
"Treatment with montelukast showed no significant difference by comparison with placebo but did show a significant within-group treatment-related decrease in airway wall myofibroblasts not seen in the placebo group. "	( Montelukast treatment attenuates the increase in myofibroblasts following low-dose allergen challenge. Boulet, LP; Chakir, J; Gauldie, J; Kelly, MM; Laviolette, M; O'Byrne, PM; Vethanayagam, D, 2006)	2.13
"Treatment with montelukast or placebo was initiated by parents at the onset of each upper respiratory tract infection or asthma symptoms and continued for a minimum of 7 days or until symptoms had resolved for 48 hours."	( Short-course montelukast for intermittent asthma in children: a randomized controlled trial. Fitzgerald, D; Glasgow, N; Henry, R; Lee, AJ; Mellis, C; Price, D; Robertson, CF; Sant, M; Turner, J, 2007)	1.05
"Treatment with montelukast was evaluated as add-on to the higher dose of BDP."	( Differential anti-inflammatory effects of large and small particle size inhaled corticosteroids in asthma. Hopkinson, P; Lipworth, BJ; McFarlane, L; Menzies, D; Nair, A, 2007)	0.68
"Treatment with montelukast almost completely reversed the low contractile responses of rat urinary bladder to carbachol and prevented oxidative tissue damage following I/R."	( Montelukast reduces ischaemia/reperfusion-induced bladder dysfunction and oxidant damage in the rat. Alican, I; Ercan, F; Sehirli, O; Sener, G; Toklu, H, 2007)	2.12
"Pretreatment with montelukast allowed only one patient to proceed through all challenge doses of ASA without any reactions. "	( Montelukast is only partially effective in inhibiting aspirin responses in aspirin-sensitive asthmatics. Christiansen, SC; Mathison, DA; Simon, RA; Stevenson, DD, 2000)	2.08
"Treatment with montelukast effected a significant increase (p < 0.05) in MEF25 from 59.1 to 67.8% in base line lung function alone."	( [Preventive monotherapy with montelukast versus DNCG in children with mild asthma. Results of and exploratory pilot study]. Liebke, C; Niggemann, B; Sommerfeld, C; Wahn, U, 2001)	0.94

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Adverse effects were not significantly different for montelukast than for placebo, with the exception of allergic rhinitis which was more prevalent in the placebo group."	( Leukotriene receptor antagonists: efficacy and safety in children with asthma. Becker, A, 2000)	0.56
" Summary statistics comparing incidences of adverse events among treatment groups were calculated."	( Clinical safety and tolerability of montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, in controlled clinical trials in patients aged > or = 6 years. Knorr, B; Michele, TM; Noonan, G; Reiss, TF; Shapiro, G; Shingo, S; Storms, W; Zhang, J, 2001)	0.59
"The overall incidence of clinical and laboratory adverse events among montelukast-treated patients, both adult and paediatric, was similar to that among patients receiving placebo."	( Clinical safety and tolerability of montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, in controlled clinical trials in patients aged > or = 6 years. Knorr, B; Michele, TM; Noonan, G; Reiss, TF; Shapiro, G; Shingo, S; Storms, W; Zhang, J, 2001)	0.82
" After reading this article, readers should have an understanding both of the general safety of anti-LTs and their specific adverse effects."	( Safety of antileukotriene agents in asthma management. Spector, SL, 2001)	0.31
" Although most agents are safe and well tolerated when used properly, adverse effects may occur with use at higher dose levels."	( Safety of antileukotriene agents in asthma management. Spector, SL, 2001)	0.31
"The results of clinical trials and real-world experience indicate that these agents are generally safe and well tolerated, with an incidence of adverse effects comparable with placebo."	( Safety of antileukotriene agents in asthma management. Spector, SL, 2001)	0.31
" Montelukast represents a safe and effective asthma treatment regimen to which children with asthma are more likely to adhere."	( Oral montelukast versus inhaled beclomethasone in 6- to 11-year-old children with asthma: results of an open-label extension study evaluating long-term safety, satisfaction, and adherence with therapy. Dueñas-Meza, E; Kosa, L; Leff, JA; Maspero, JF; Pinacho Daza, C; Volovitz, B; Vrijens, F, 2001)	1.73
"6%) adverse events were reported, all of which were of mild to moderate intensity."	( A clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of montelukast as monotherapy in patients with chronic stable bronchial asthma. Athavale, A; Avasthi, R; Kale, M; Singh, NP; Sireesha, K; Souza, GA; Taneja, A, 2004)	0.58
" The primary variables were the frequency of clinical and laboratory adverse experiences."	( Safety, tolerability, and exploratory efficacy of montelukast in 6- to 24-month-old patients with asthma. Knorr, B; Moy, J; Reiss, TF; Tozzi, CA; van Adelsberg, J; Wei, LX, 2005)	0.58
"The most common clinical adverse experiences were upper respiratory tract infection, asthma, fever, diarrhea, and vomiting occurring with similar frequencies between treatment groups."	( Safety, tolerability, and exploratory efficacy of montelukast in 6- to 24-month-old patients with asthma. Knorr, B; Moy, J; Reiss, TF; Tozzi, CA; van Adelsberg, J; Wei, LX, 2005)	0.58
" Adverse events (69% vs 71%) and mean end point to baseline 12-hour urinary cortisol excretion ratios were similar."	( Comparative efficacy and safety of low-dose fluticasone propionate and montelukast in children with persistent asthma. Carranza Rosenzweig, JR; Crim, C; Decotiis, BA; Edwards, LD; Hanson, KM; Lincourt, WR; Ostrom, NK, 2005)	0.56
" Adverse drug reactions occurred in 14 out of 6158 patients."	( Efficacy and safety of montelukast in adults with asthma and allergic rhinitis. Bachert, C; Virchow, JC, 2006)	0.64
" The use of a combination of inhaled corticosteroids, long-acting beta-agonists, systemic corticosteroids, and leukotriene modifier drugs stabilized underlying airways in preparation for a reasonably safe and accurate oral aspirin challenge."	( Effect of leukotriene modifier drugs on the safety of oral aspirin challenges. Ludington, E; Mehra, P; Simon, RA; Stevenson, DD; White, A, 2006)	0.33
"Use of LTRAs in pregnancy was not associated with a specific pattern of major structural anomalies in offspring or a large risk of other adverse perinatal outcomes."	( Safety of leukotriene receptor antagonists in pregnancy. Bakhireva, LN; Chambers, CD; Johnson, D; Jones, KL; Klonoff-Cohen, HS; Schatz, M; Slymen, DJ, 2007)	0.34
" Descriptive analyses of the adverse drug reactions reported in children were performed."	( Individual case safety reports in children in commonly used drug groups - signal detection. Brunlöf, G; Tukukino, C; Wallerstedt, SM, 2008)	0.35
" The largest number was found in the drug group R03DC, the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast; the majority of the children being <5 years old and experiencing psychiatric adverse drug reactions."	( Individual case safety reports in children in commonly used drug groups - signal detection. Brunlöf, G; Tukukino, C; Wallerstedt, SM, 2008)	0.57
" A possible signal for montelukast and psychiatric adverse drug reactions was found, which should be further explored."	( Individual case safety reports in children in commonly used drug groups - signal detection. Brunlöf, G; Tukukino, C; Wallerstedt, SM, 2008)	0.66
" Clinical and laboratory adverse experiences for patients treated with montelukast were generally mild and transient."	( Safety and tolerability of montelukast in placebo-controlled pediatric studies and their open-label extensions. Bisgaard, H; Boza, ML; Knorr, B; Newcomb, K; Noonan, G; Reiss, TF; Skoner, D; Tozzi, CA, 2009)	0.88
" Subjects treated with L/M experienced a similar incidence of total adverse events versus placebo and a lower incidence of total adverse events (including dizziness, insomnia, jitteriness, nausea, and dry mouth) versus PSE."	( Efficacy and safety of fixed-dose loratadine/montelukast in seasonal allergic rhinitis: effects on nasal congestion. Anolik, R; Danzig, M; Prenner, B; Yao, R, )	0.39
" Second-generation antihistamines have become increasingly popular because of their comparable efficacy and lower incidence of adverse effects relative to their first-generation counterparts, and the safety and efficacy of this drug class are established in the adult population."	( Treatment of allergic rhinitis in infants and children: efficacy and safety of second-generation antihistamines and the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast. Moeller, ML; Nahata, MC; Phan, H, 2009)	0.55
" An understanding of structure-activity relationships (SARs) of chemicals can make a significant contribution to the identification of potential toxic effects early in the drug development process and aid in avoiding such problems."	( Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity. Fisk, L; Greene, N; Naven, RT; Note, RR; Patel, ML; Pelletier, DJ, 2010)	0.36
" Due to the adverse effects of these treatments, new drugs like leukotriene receptor antagonists are being investigated for the treatment of allergic rhinitis."	( Efficacy and safety of montelukast add-on therapy in allergic rhinitis. Badyal, DK; Modgill, V; Verghese, A, 2010)	0.67
" Adverse events (AEs) were defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign, symptom, or laboratory data, including onset of new illness and exacerbation of preexisting conditions."	( Safety of fixed-dose loratadine/montelukast in subjects with allergic rhinitis. Danzig, MR; Lu, S; Prenner, BM, )	0.41
" A lesser but not significantly different adverse event rate was reported in the Zileuton ER group than the Montelukast group with the commonest events being headache and gastrointestinal effects in both the groups."	( A randomized, comparative, multicentric clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of zileuton extended-release tablets with montelukast sodium tablets in patients suffering from chronic persistent asthma. Bhargava, S; Khippal, N; Kshatriya, RR; Kubavat, AH; Mittal, R; Patel, T; Rijhwani, P; Shah, N; Tak, S, )	0.55
" Secondary outcome measures included quality of life as measured by the Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire with Standardised Activities [PAQLQ(S)] and the Paediatric Asthma Caregiver's Quality of Life Questionnaire (PACQLQ); time from randomisation to first exacerbation requiring treatment with a short course of oral corticosteroids; school attendance; hospital admissions; amount of rescue beta-2 agonist therapy prescribed; time from randomisation to treatment withdrawal (because of lack of efficacy or side effects); lung function at 48 weeks (as assessed by spirometry); cost-effectiveness; adverse events."	( Management of Asthma in School age Children On Therapy (MASCOT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study of efficacy and safety. James, M; Lenney, W; McKay, AJ; Price, D; Tudur Smith, C; Williamson, PR, 2013)	0.39
" Adverse events were similar between the groups except for nervous system disorders, which were more frequently reported on fluticasone plus montelukast."	( Management of Asthma in School age Children On Therapy (MASCOT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study of efficacy and safety. James, M; Lenney, W; McKay, AJ; Price, D; Tudur Smith, C; Williamson, PR, 2013)	0.59
" Available studies specifically addressing the role of montelukast in the elderly are scarce; however, leukotriene modifiers have been demonstrated to be safe in this age group, even though cases of acute hepatitis and occurrence of Churg-Strauss syndrome have been described in elderly patients; whether this is associated with age is to be confirmed."	( Safety and efficacy of montelukast as adjunctive therapy for treatment of asthma in elderly patients. Battaglia, S; Bellia, V; Benfante, A; Scichilone, N, 2013)	0.95
" In conclusion, it was determined that TCDD exposure caused adverse effects on cytokine levels, histological alterations, and oxidative stress in rats."	( Anti-inflammatory Montelukast prevents toxic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: Oxidative stress, histological alterations in liver, and serum cytokine levels. Bentli, R; Cetin, A; Ciftci, O; Otlu, A, 2016)	0.77
" This case report indicates the possibility of adverse effects developing when the 2 drugs are used together."	( Effect of concomitant use of montelukast and efavirenz on neuropsychiatric adverse events. Ibarra-Barrueta, O; Mayo-Suarez, J; Mora-Atorrasagasti, O; Palacios-Zabalza, I, 2014)	0.69
" Using an analogue approach, we tested if medication beliefs predict whether participants misattribute a headache as a side effect and subsequently intend to stop medication."	( Beliefs about medication predict the misattribution of a common symptom as a medication side effect--Evidence from an analogue online study. Chapman, SC; Heller, MK; Horne, R, 2015)	0.42
" Finally, they rated whether the headache was a side effect (misattribution) and if they would stop taking Molair (behavioral intention)."	( Beliefs about medication predict the misattribution of a common symptom as a medication side effect--Evidence from an analogue online study. Chapman, SC; Heller, MK; Horne, R, 2015)	0.42
" Clearly, longer acyl glucuronide half-lives were observed for safe drugs compared to drugs that can cause IDT."	( Toxicity of Carboxylic Acid-Containing Drugs: The Role of Acyl Migration and CoA Conjugation Investigated. Aatsinki, SM; Hokkanen, J; Lassila, T; Mattila, S; Tolonen, A; Turpeinen, M, 2015)	0.42
"Many adverse drug reactions are caused by the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent activation of drugs into reactive metabolites."	( Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships. Jones, LH; Nadanaciva, S; Rana, P; Will, Y, 2016)	0.43
"To determine the toxic effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on reproductive system and the beneficial effects of Montelukast (ML) with histological and biochemical analysis."	( The beneficial effects of Montelukast against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin toxicity in female reproductive system in rats. Basak, N; Celik, E; Cetin, A; Ciftci, O; Melekoglu, R, 2016)	0.94
"The toxic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on female reproductive system were reversed with Montelukast treatment."	( The beneficial effects of Montelukast against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin toxicity in female reproductive system in rats. Basak, N; Celik, E; Cetin, A; Ciftci, O; Melekoglu, R, 2016)	0.95
" The incidence of adverse events showed no significant difference between the two groups."	( [Therapeutic effect and safety of montelukast sodium combined with budesonide in children with cough variant asthma: a Meta analysis]. Li, DS; Liu, JJ; Wei, Y; Zhang, J; Zhao, HE, 2016)	0.71
"Inhalation of montelukast sodium combined with budesonide has a significant effect in children with cough variant asthma and does not increase the incidence of adverse events."	( [Therapeutic effect and safety of montelukast sodium combined with budesonide in children with cough variant asthma: a Meta analysis]. Li, DS; Liu, JJ; Wei, Y; Zhang, J; Zhao, HE, 2016)	1.07
" We sought to characterize adverse events associated with single montelukast exposures in children ages 5-17 years and to determine whether adverse events were dose related for all-dose and for ultra-high-dose (≥50 mg) exposures."	( Adverse events are rare after single-dose montelukast exposures in children. Arnold, DH; Bowman, N; Hartert, TV; Reiss, TF; Seger, DL, 2018)	0.98
" Characteristics of adverse events were examined using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic models were used to examine whether associations of montelukast and adverse events were dose related."	( Adverse events are rare after single-dose montelukast exposures in children. Arnold, DH; Bowman, N; Hartert, TV; Reiss, TF; Seger, DL, 2018)	0.94
" Abdominal pain was the most common adverse event (0."	( Adverse events are rare after single-dose montelukast exposures in children. Arnold, DH; Bowman, N; Hartert, TV; Reiss, TF; Seger, DL, 2018)	0.75
"Single-dose exposures of montelukast up to 445 mg are rarely associated with any adverse events and are not associated with serious or life-threatening adverse events in children aged 5-17 years."	( Adverse events are rare after single-dose montelukast exposures in children. Arnold, DH; Bowman, N; Hartert, TV; Reiss, TF; Seger, DL, 2018)	1.05
" Routine hematological and biochemical tests and treatment-emergent adverse events were monitored for safety."	( Effectiveness and safety of levocetirizine 10 mg versus a combination of levocetirizine 5 mg and montelukast 10 mg in chronic urticaria resistant to levocetirizine 5 mg: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Das, NK; Ghosh, C; Pal, S; Sarkar, TK; Sil, A, )	0.35
"The fixed-dose combination of montelukast and levocetirizine was effective and safe in treating perennial allergic rhinitis in patients with asthma compared with montelukast alone."	( A Randomized, Multicenter, Double-blind, Phase III Study to Evaluate the Efficacy on Allergic Rhinitis and Safety of a Combination Therapy of Montelukast and Levocetirizine in Patients With Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis. Chang, YS; Cho, YJ; Cho, YS; Choi, BW; Chung, JH; Jee, YK; Jo, EJ; Jung, J; Kim, HK; Kim, MK; Kim, SH; Lee, BJ; Lee, JM; Lee, SK; Lee, SY; Park, CS; Park, HS; Park, HW; Park, JW; Yoo, KH; Yoon, HJ, 2018)	0.97
" Co-administration of MNK and SMV decreased their toxic potentials on the liver, skeletal muscles, and kidney."	( Montelukast modifies simvastatin-induced myopathy and hepatotoxicity. Ahmed, EA; Ali, MF; Hareedy, MS, 2019)	1.96
"There have been conflicting results from observational studies regarding the risk of psychiatric adverse events (PAEs) with montelukast use."	( Risk of Psychiatric Adverse Events Among Montelukast Users. Bradley, M; Cocoros, NM; Dee, EC; Eworuke, E; Haug, N; Kim, I; Lyons, JG; Ma, Y; Mosholder, A; Pennap, D; Pestine, E; Petrone, AB; Sansing-Foster, V; Toh, S, 2021)	1.09
" Clinical practice has shown that montelukast sodium combined with fluticasone in the treatment of adult BA can improve clinical efficacy and reduce adverse reactions."	( Efficacy and safety of montelukast sodium combined with fluticasone in the treatment of adult bronchial asthma: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Han, H; Liu, Q; Liu, X; Luo, H, 2020)	1.15
"This study assessed the efficacy and safety of montelukast sodium combined with fluticasone in the treatment of adult BA through total effective rate, pulmonary function (FEV1, FVC, PEF, FEV1/FVC), and adverse reactions."	( Efficacy and safety of montelukast sodium combined with fluticasone in the treatment of adult bronchial asthma: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Han, H; Liu, Q; Liu, X; Luo, H, 2020)	1.13
" Adverse reactions from trials were also recorded."	( The efficacy and safety of montelukast in children with obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Guo, Y; Ji, T; Li, X; Liu, Y; Lu, T; Ni, X; Qiu, Y; Tai, J; Wang, S; Xu, Z; Zhang, J; Zhao, J, 2021)	0.92
" In terms of treatment safety, one study reported adverse reactions of OM such as headache, nausea and vomiting, while no adverse events were reported after OM treatment in another study."	( The efficacy and safety of montelukast in children with obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Guo, Y; Ji, T; Li, X; Liu, Y; Lu, T; Ni, X; Qiu, Y; Tai, J; Wang, S; Xu, Z; Zhang, J; Zhao, J, 2021)	0.92
" Adverse effects of the drugs were noted."	( Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of montelukast versus finasteride for the treatment of moderate acne in women: A prospective, randomized, single-blinded, active-controlled trial. Goldust, M; Gupta, A; Mohammadnezhad, F; Rokni, GR; Saeedi, M; Sandhu, S; Shadi, S; Sharma, A, 2021)	0.89
" Secondary outcomes included risk of hospitalization, pulmonary function, asthma control level, quality of life, and adverse events (AEs)."	( Efficacy and safety of salmeterol/fluticasone compared with montelukast alone (or add-on therapy to fluticasone) in the treatment of bronchial asthma in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hong, JG; Lu, J; Qin, Z; Zhou, XJ, 2021)	0.86
"The aim of the study was to evaluate the treatment effects and adverse events of Monterizine® (a combination of montelukast and levocetirizine); a total of 2,254 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis and asthma were prospectively enrolled from 60 hospitals nationwide in Korea."	( Multicenter Prospective Observational Study to Evaluate the Therapeutic Effect and Safety of a Combination of Montelukast and Levocetirizine for Allergic Rhinitis when Administered to Patients with Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma. Cho, YJ; Choi, BW; Jung, JW; Kim, MH; Kwon, JW; Nam, YH; Park, CS; Park, HJ; Park, JS; Shin, YS; Sohn, KH, 2022)	1.14
" There were no serious adverse drug reactions, but there were some minor reactions including nasopharyngitis (2."	( Multicenter Prospective Observational Study to Evaluate the Therapeutic Effect and Safety of a Combination of Montelukast and Levocetirizine for Allergic Rhinitis when Administered to Patients with Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma. Cho, YJ; Choi, BW; Jung, JW; Kim, MH; Kwon, JW; Nam, YH; Park, CS; Park, HJ; Park, JS; Shin, YS; Sohn, KH, 2022)	0.93
"TNSS score and QoL were significantly improved by 3-6 months' treatment with Monterizine without significant adverse reactions."	( Multicenter Prospective Observational Study to Evaluate the Therapeutic Effect and Safety of a Combination of Montelukast and Levocetirizine for Allergic Rhinitis when Administered to Patients with Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma. Cho, YJ; Choi, BW; Jung, JW; Kim, MH; Kwon, JW; Nam, YH; Park, CS; Park, HJ; Park, JS; Shin, YS; Sohn, KH, 2022)	0.93
"Recent observational studies suggest that the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast may have neuropsychiatric adverse effects; however, results are conflicting."	( Psychiatric Adverse Effects of Montelukast-A Nationwide Cohort Study. Bønnelykke, K; Eklöf, J; Jordan, A; Meteran, H; Sivapalan, P; Stæhr Jensen, JU; Toennesen, LL; Ulrik, CS, 2023)	1.42
"To assess whether montelukast exposure in adults with asthma is associated with onset of neuropsychiatric adverse events using data from the Danish nationwide health registers."	( Psychiatric Adverse Effects of Montelukast-A Nationwide Cohort Study. Bønnelykke, K; Eklöf, J; Jordan, A; Meteran, H; Sivapalan, P; Stæhr Jensen, JU; Toennesen, LL; Ulrik, CS, 2023)	1.53
" Clinicians should increase awareness of such adverse effects when prescribing montelukast."	( Psychiatric Adverse Effects of Montelukast-A Nationwide Cohort Study. Bønnelykke, K; Eklöf, J; Jordan, A; Meteran, H; Sivapalan, P; Stæhr Jensen, JU; Toennesen, LL; Ulrik, CS, 2023)	1.42
"Mon + Flu is effective and safe for the treatment of CVA in children."	( An efficacy and safety evaluation of montelukast + fluticasone propionate vs. fluticasone propionate in the treatment of cough variant asthma in children: a meta-analysis. Li, S; Wei, Z, 2023)	1.18

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The mean values of plasma clearance (CL), steady-state volume of distribution (Vss), plasma terminal half-life (t1/12), and mean residence time in the body (MRTi."	( Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and safety of montelukast sodium (MK-0476) in healthy males and females. Amin, R; Cheng, H; De Smet, M; Gertz, BJ; Leff, JA; Malbecq, W; Meisner, D; Noonan, N; Rogers, JD; Somers, G, 1996)	0.55
" In elderly subjects, mean values of plasma clearance (Cl), steady-state volume of distribution (Vss), plasma terminal half-life (t1/2), and mean residence time in the body (MRTIV) following a 7 mg intravenous (5 min infusion) administration of montelukast sodium in the elderly were 30."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of montelukast sodium (MK-0476) in healthy young and elderly volunteers. Amin, RD; Cheng, H; Freeman, A; Haesen, R; Holland, SD; Larson, P; Merz, M; Rogers, JD; Seiberling, M; Zhao, JJ, 1997)	0.75
" Montelukast decreased theophylline Cmax by 12% and 10%, AUC0-->infinity by 43% and 44%, and elimination half-time by 44% and 39% at 200 mg/d (oral and intravenous, respectively), and at 600 mg/d, montelukast decreased theophylline Cmax by 25%, AUC0-->infinity by 66%, and elimination half-time by 63%."	( Effect of montelukast on single-dose theophylline pharmacokinetics. Bachmann, K; Ebel, D; Huhn, RD; Hunt, TL; Jauregui, L; Larson, P; Malmstrom, K; Miller, K; Peszek, I; Reese, JH; Reiss, TF; Schwartz, J; Scott, M; Shingo, S; Sullivan, TJ, 1998)	1.61
" However, slight but statistically significant decreases in time to peak concentration of both warfarin enantiomers and in elimination half-life of the less potent R-warfarin were observed in the presence of montelukast."	( Effect of montelukast on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy volunteers. Arnout, J; De Lepeleire, I; De Schepper, PJ; Depré, M; Freeman, A; Gertz, B; Holland, S; Van Hecken, A; Verbesselt, R; Wong, PH; Wynants, K, 1999)	0.89
" Based on this approach, which included dose normalization of data from several pediatric pharmacokinetic studies, a 5 mg chewable tablet dose of montelukast was selected for use in clinical efficacy studies in 6- to 14-year-old children with asthma."	( Montelukast dose selection in 6- to 14-year-olds: comparison of single-dose pharmacokinetics in children and adults. Amin, RD; Blake, K; Chervinsky, P; Freeman, A; Gertz, BJ; Haesen, R; Holland, S; Knorr, B; Larson, P; Michiels, N; Nguyen, HH; Noonan, G; Reiss, TF; Rogers, JD; Seidenberg, BC; Spielberg, S; van Nispen, CH; Xu, X; Zhao, J, 1999)	1.95
" The pharmacokinetic parameters of digoxin (AUC0-->24' AUC0-->infinity' Cmax' tmax' t1/2) and cumulative urinary excretion over 120 hours were not affected by the multiple doses of montelukast."	( Effect of multiple doses of montelukast, a CysLT1 receptor antagonist, on digoxin pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. De Lepeleire, I; De Schepper, PJ; Depré, M; Freeman, A; Gertz, B; Holland, S; Shahane, A; Van Hecken, A; Verbesselt, R; Wynants, K, 1999)	0.79
" The purpose of this open, one-period, multicenter population pharmacokinetic study was to identify a chewable tablet (CT) dose of montelukast for administration to children ages 2 to 5 years with asthma, yielding a single-dose pharmacokinetic profile (area under the plasma concentration-time curve [AUC]) comparable to that of the 10 mg film-coated tablet (FCT) dose in adults."	( Montelukast dose selection in children ages 2 to 5 years: comparison of population pharmacokinetics between children and adults. Boza, ML; Kearns, GL; Knorr, B; Larson, P; Nguyen, HH; Reiss, TF; Rogers, JD; Spielberg, S; Villaran, C; Zhang, J, 2001)	1.96
"To determine if patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have an altered pharmacokinetic profile of montelukast, we studied the single-dose pharmacokinetics in 12 patients with CF and 12 age- and gender-matched controls after they received a 10-mg oral dose."	( Montelukast pharmacokinetics in cystic fibrosis. Graff, GR; Smith, AL; Weber, A; Wessler-Starman, D, 2003)	1.98
"05) in the measured pharmacokinetic parameters between the CF and control subjects."	( Montelukast pharmacokinetics in cystic fibrosis. Graff, GR; Smith, AL; Weber, A; Wessler-Starman, D, 2003)	1.76
" The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic comparability of a 4-mg dose of montelukast oral granules in patients > or = 6 to < 24 months old to the 10-mg approved dose in adults."	( Pharmacokinetics of montelukast in asthmatic patients 6 to 24 months old. Deutsch, P; Hartford, A; Kearns, GL; Knorr, B; Migoya, E; Tozzi, CA; van Adelsberg, J; Zhao, J, 2004)	0.87
"The purpose was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for montelukast after intravenous administration."	( A population pharmacokinetic model for montelukast disposition in adults and children. Knorr, B; Migoya, E; Ramakrishnan, R, 2005)	0.83
"A linear three-compartment pharmacokinetic model was found to best describe the disposition of montelukast."	( A population pharmacokinetic model for montelukast disposition in adults and children. Knorr, B; Migoya, E; Ramakrishnan, R, 2005)	0.82
" Also, the peak plasma concentration and elimination half-life of pioglitazone remained unaffected by montelukast and zafirlukast."	( Montelukast and zafirlukast do not affect the pharmacokinetics of the CYP2C8 substrate pioglitazone. Backman, JT; Jaakkola, T; Neuvonen, M; Neuvonen, PJ; Niemi, M, 2006)	1.99
" The results highlight the importance of in vivo interaction studies and of the incorporation of relevant pharmacokinetic properties of drugs, including plasma protein binding data, to in vitro-in vivo interaction predictions."	( Montelukast and zafirlukast do not affect the pharmacokinetics of the CYP2C8 substrate pioglitazone. Backman, JT; Jaakkola, T; Neuvonen, M; Neuvonen, PJ; Niemi, M, 2006)	1.78
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using a population-based approach with a nonlinear mixed-effect, 1-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety of montelukast in children aged 3 to 6 months. Kearns, G; Knorr, B; Maganti, L; Migoya, E; Ramakrishnan, R; Tozzi, CA, 2006)	0.62
" pharmacokinetic data on 670 drugs representing, to our knowledge, the largest publicly available set of human clinical pharmacokinetic data."	( Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds. Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ, 2008)	0.35
" The protocol herein described was employed in a pharmacokinetic study of tablet formulation of montelukast in healthy Thai male volunteers."	( A simple bioanalytical assay for determination of montelukast in human plasma: application to a pharmacokinetic study. Kongthong, B; Saraphanchotiwitthaya, A; Sripalakit, P, 2008)	0.82
" This novel method has been applied to a pharmacokinetic study of MTK in humans."	( Quantification of montelukast, a selective cysteinyl leukotriene receptor (CysLT1) antagonist in human plasma by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: validation and its application to a human pharmacokinetic study. Bharathi, DV; Hotha, KK; Jagadeesh, B; Mullangi, R; Naidu, A, 2009)	0.69
"This nonrandomized, fixed-sequence, 3-period study investigated potential pharmacokinetic interactions between the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast, approved for the treatment of asthma, and roflumilast, an oral, once-daily phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor in clinical development for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease."	( The targeted oral, once-daily phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor roflumilast and the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast do not exhibit significant pharmacokinetic interactions. Böhmer, GM; Gleiter, CH; Hermann, R; Hünnemeyer, A; Lahu, G; Nassr, N; Templin, S; Wenger, M, 2009)	0.76
"935G>A, the authors conducted a single-dose, pharmacokinetic study of montelukast co-ingested with citrus juice."	( Effect of citrus juice and SLCO2B1 genotype on the pharmacokinetics of montelukast. Lang, JE; Lima, JJ; Mougey, EB; Wen, X, 2011)	0.84
" Saliva and plasma samples were collected for 3-5 half-life values of sitagliptin, cinacalcet, metformin, montelukast, tolterodine, hydrochlorothiazide (HCT), lornoxicam, azithromycin, diacerhein, rosuvastatin, cloxacillin, losartan and tamsulosin after oral dosing."	( Saliva versus plasma pharmacokinetics: theory and application of a salivary excretion classification system. Arafat, T; Idkaidek, N, 2012)	0.59
" Its levels were measured up to 24 hours and a pharmacokinetic analysis was performed based on the SLCO2B1 polymorphisms."	( Effects of polymorphisms of the SLCO2B1 transporter gene on the pharmacokinetics of montelukast in humans. Joo, HJ; Kim, KA; Lee, HM; Park, IB; Park, JY, 2013)	0.61
" The assay has been applied successfully in a pharmacokinetic study."	( High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of dasatinib in rabbit plasma using fluorescence detection and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Ezzeldin, E; Kassem, MG; Korashy, HM; Mostafa, GA, 2013)	0.39
" This study showed that developed method is suitable for MO pharmacokinetic study."	( Development of an LC-tandem mass spectrometry method for the separation of montelukast and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in humans. AboTalib, NF; Ezzeldin, E; Tammam, MH, 2014)	0.63
" Clinical DDIs of montelukast were evaluated using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling; and simulation of the interactions with gemfibrozil-CYP2C8 and OATP1B1/1B3 inhibitor, clarithromycin-CYP3A and OATP1B1/1B3 inhibitor, and itraconazole-CYP3A inhibitor, implicated OATPs-CYP2C8-CYP2C8 interplay as the primary determinant of montelukast pharmacokinetics."	( Transporter-Mediated Hepatic Uptake Plays an Important Role in the Pharmacokinetics and Drug-Drug Interactions of Montelukast. Bi, Y; El-Kattan, AF; Eng, H; Kalgutkar, AS; Kimoto, E; Lin, J; Rodrigues, AD; Scialis, R; Tremaine, LM; Varma, MV, 2017)	1
"To identify the genetic basis of interindividual variability in montelukast exposure, we determined its pharmacokinetics and sequenced 379 pharmacokinetic genes in 191 healthy volunteers."	( Comprehensive Pharmacogenomic Study Reveals an Important Role of UGT1A3 in Montelukast Pharmacokinetics. Backman, JT; Hirvensalo, P; Kärjä, V; Männistö, VT; Neuvonen, M; Niemi, M; Paile-Hyvärinen, M; Pihlajamäki, J; Tapaninen, T; Tornio, A, 2018)	0.95
"The accuracy of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model prediction in children, especially those younger than 2 years old, has not been systematically evaluated."	( Predictive Performance of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling of Drugs Extensively Metabolized by Major Cytochrome P450s in Children. Al-Huniti, N; Bui, KH; Cheung, SYA; Johnson, TN; Li, J; Xu, H; Zhou, D; Zhou, W, 2018)	0.48
" Amenamevir increased peak concentration and area under the concentration-time curve of montelukast by about 22% (ratio 121."	( Amenamevir: Studies of Potential CYP2C8- and CYP2B6-Mediated Pharmacokinetic Interactions With Montelukast and Bupropion in Healthy Volunteers. Adeloye, T; Dennison, J; Endo, T; Johnston, A; Puri, A; Warrington, S, 2018)	0.92
" Although pharmacokinetic studies of montelukast have been reported in Caucasian adults and children, and showed large inter-individual variability on pharmacokinetics, none of these studies has been explored in Chinese children."	( Developmental Pharmacogenetics of SLCO2B1 on Montelukast Pharmacokinetics in Chinese Children. Hao, GX; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Kan, M; Li, Q; Shi, HY; Su, LQ; Wang, K; Wang, XL; Wu, YE; Yang, XM; Yang, YL; Zhao, W; Zheng, Y; Zhou, J; Zhou, Y, 2019)	1.05
" A previously published pharmacokinetic model was validated using the opportunistic pharmacokinetic samples, and individual patient's clearance was calculated using the validated model."	( Developmental Pharmacogenetics of SLCO2B1 on Montelukast Pharmacokinetics in Chinese Children. Hao, GX; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Kan, M; Li, Q; Shi, HY; Su, LQ; Wang, K; Wang, XL; Wu, YE; Yang, XM; Yang, YL; Zhao, W; Zheng, Y; Zhou, J; Zhou, Y, 2019)	0.77
" The objective of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic profiles of a montelukast/levocetirizine fixed-dose combination chewable tablet with individual administration of montelukast and levocetirizine in healthy subjects."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of a montelukast/levocetirizine fixed-dose combination chewable tablet versus individual administration of montelukast and levocetirizine after a single oral administration in healthy Korean male subjects . Jung, J; Kim, MG; Kim, YI; Moon, SJ; Yu, KS, 2020)	1.07
"A total of 22 subjects were included in pharmacokinetic analysis."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of a montelukast/levocetirizine fixed-dose combination chewable tablet versus individual administration of montelukast and levocetirizine after a single oral administration in healthy Korean male subjects . Jung, J; Kim, MG; Kim, YI; Moon, SJ; Yu, KS, 2020)	0.84
"The pharmacokinetic parameters of montelukast and levocetirizine when administered as separate tablets or as a fixed-dose combination were compared, and the parameters met the pharmacokinetic equivalence criteria."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of a montelukast/levocetirizine fixed-dose combination chewable tablet versus individual administration of montelukast and levocetirizine after a single oral administration in healthy Korean male subjects . Jung, J; Kim, MG; Kim, YI; Moon, SJ; Yu, KS, 2020)	1.12
"The aim of this study was to assess and compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties and bioequivalence of montelukast sodium chewable tablets prepared by two different manufacturers in healthy Chinese volunteers to obtain adequate PK evidence for the registration approval of the test formulation."	( Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence Evaluation of Two Montelukast Sodium Chewable Tablets in Healthy Chinese Volunteers Under Fasted and Fed Conditions. Li, W; Pei, Y; Wang, Y; Xia, Y, 2021)	1.08

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Montelukast alone or in combination with loratadine is well tolerated and provides clinical and quality-of-life benefits for patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis."	( Efficacy and tolerability of montelukast alone or in combination with loratadine in seasonal allergic rhinitis: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial performed in the fall. Lu, S; Malice, MP; Nayak, AS; Philip, G; Reiss, TF, 2002)	2.05
"Salmeterol (S) and montelukast (M) individually inhibit the obstructive consequences of thermal stimuli such as exercise and hyperventilation (HV), but there is no information on whether these drugs can interact positively."	( Bronchoprotective effects of single doses of salmeterol combined with montelukast in thermally induced bronchospasm. Coreno, A; El-Ekiaby, A; McFadden, ER; Skowronski, M; West, E, 2005)	0.89
" We present an asthmatic patient who developed primary bacterial peritonitis while receiving a leukotriene modulator in combination with prednisolone therapy."	( Leukotriene inhibitors in combination with steroids: potential role in the development of primary bacterial peritonitis. Ammori, BJ; Farooq, A, 2005)	0.33
"The % fall in FEV(1) from baseline and the area under the 30-min FEV(1) time curve and time to recover to 95% baseline FEV(1) were used to express protection from 40 mg sodium cromoglycate alone, and in combination with 10 mg montelukast, in subjects with asthma."	( Sodium cromoglycate alone and in combination with montelukast on the airway response to mannitol in asthmatic subjects. Anderson, SD; Brannan, JD; Caillaud, C; Perry, CP; Seale, JP, 2010)	0.8
"Montelukast alone or in combination with antihistamines gave a gradual increase in nasal symptom improvement within 6 weeks of treatment in patients with persistent AR."	( Use of montelukast alone or in combination with desloratadine or levocetirizine in patients with persistent allergic rhinitis. Barylski, M; Ciebiada, M; Gorska-Ciebiada, M; Gorski, P; Kmiecik, T, )	2.03
" We evaluated the effect of montelukast, a CysLT1R antagonist, on mouse models of asthma, porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE)-induced emphysema, and asthma combined with emphysema."	( Effect of a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist on experimental emphysema and asthma combined with emphysema. Fuchimoto, Y; Ikeda, G; Kanehiro, A; Kataoka, M; Koga, H; Kurimoto, E; Miyahara, N; Taniguchi, A; Tanimoto, M; Tanimoto, Y; Waseda, K, 2014)	0.7
" This study assessed the effect of long-lasting treatment with montelukast alone or in combination with antihistamines on wheal and flare in skin pricks tests (SPT) in patients sensitized to perennial allergens."	( Wheal and flare reactions in skin prick tests of patients treated with montelukast alone or in combination with antihistamines. Barylski, M; Ciebiada, M; Ciebiada, MG, 2014)	0.88
"Both levocetirizine and desloratadine in monotherapy, or in combination with montelukast, were effective in reducing wheal and flare in SPT."	( Wheal and flare reactions in skin prick tests of patients treated with montelukast alone or in combination with antihistamines. Barylski, M; Ciebiada, M; Ciebiada, MG, 2014)	0.86
"Predicting Drug-Drug Interactions (DDIs) from in vitro data is made difficult by not knowing concentrations of substrate and inhibitor at the target site."	( Case study 4. Predicting the drug interaction potential for inhibition of CYP2C8 by montelukast. Korzekwa, K, 2014)	0.63
" We hypothesized that this drug might provide benefit if combined with montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, in patients whose symptoms are uncontrolled by inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β-agonists."	( Roflumilast combined with montelukast versus montelukast alone as add-on treatment in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma. Bateman, ED; Goehring, UM; Richard, F; Watz, H, 2016)	0.97
" We evaluated the quantitative role of hepatic uptake transport in its pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions (DDIs)."	( Transporter-Mediated Hepatic Uptake Plays an Important Role in the Pharmacokinetics and Drug-Drug Interactions of Montelukast. Bi, Y; El-Kattan, AF; Eng, H; Kalgutkar, AS; Kimoto, E; Lin, J; Rodrigues, AD; Scialis, R; Tremaine, LM; Varma, MV, 2017)	0.67
"To evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of montelukast sodium combined with budesonide in children with cough variant asthma."	( [Therapeutic effect and safety of montelukast sodium combined with budesonide in children with cough variant asthma: a Meta analysis]. Li, DS; Liu, JJ; Wei, Y; Zhang, J; Zhao, HE, 2016)	0.97
"The databases CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed, EMbase, and BioMed Central were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of montelukast sodium combined with budesonide in the treatment of children with cough variant asthma."	( [Therapeutic effect and safety of montelukast sodium combined with budesonide in children with cough variant asthma: a Meta analysis]. Li, DS; Liu, JJ; Wei, Y; Zhang, J; Zhao, HE, 2016)	0.92
" The results of the Meta analysis showed that compared with the control group (inhalation of budesonide alone), the observation group (inhalation of montelukast sodium combined with budesonide) had significantly higher overall response rate and more improved pulmonary function parameters including forced expiratory volume in the first second, percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second, and peak expiratory flow, as well as significantly lower recurrence rate (P<0."	( [Therapeutic effect and safety of montelukast sodium combined with budesonide in children with cough variant asthma: a Meta analysis]. Li, DS; Liu, JJ; Wei, Y; Zhang, J; Zhao, HE, 2016)	0.91
"Inhalation of montelukast sodium combined with budesonide has a significant effect in children with cough variant asthma and does not increase the incidence of adverse events."	( [Therapeutic effect and safety of montelukast sodium combined with budesonide in children with cough variant asthma: a Meta analysis]. Li, DS; Liu, JJ; Wei, Y; Zhang, J; Zhao, HE, 2016)	1.07
"This study was designed to investigate the clinical effect of montelukast sodium combined with inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS)."	( Clinical effect of montelukast sodium combined with inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of OSAS children. Liang, J; Shu, Y; Yang, DZ; Yao, HB; Zhang, F, 2017)	1.02
"To observe the effects of micro-invasive embedding combined with montelukast sodium and simple montelukast sodium for children cough variant asthma (CVA)."	( [Micro-invasive embedding combined with montelukast sodium for children cough variant asthma:a randomized controlled trial]. Ding, D; Han, X; Li, H; Liu, B; Lu, B; Wang, L; Wang, X; Zhang, Y, 2017)	0.96
"Micro-invasive embedding combined with montelukast sodium achieved de-finite effect for children CVA, which can improve the body's immune and microcirculation."	( [Micro-invasive embedding combined with montelukast sodium for children cough variant asthma:a randomized controlled trial]. Ding, D; Han, X; Li, H; Liu, B; Lu, B; Wang, L; Wang, X; Zhang, Y, 2017)	0.99
"The use of polypharmacy in the present day clinical therapy has made the identification of clinical drug-drug interaction risk an important aspect of drug development process."	( In Vitro Drug-Drug Interaction Potential of Sulfoxide and/or Sulfone Metabolites of Albendazole, Triclabendazole , Aldicarb, Methiocarb, Montelukast and Ziprasidone. Giri, P; Giri, S; Gupta, L; Joshi, V; Naidu, S; Patel, N; Srinivas, NR, 2018)	0.68
"In vitro drug-drug interaction potential of test compounds was investigated in two stages; 1) assessment of CYP450 inhibition potential of test compounds using human liver microsomes (HLM); and 2) assessment of test compounds as substrate of Phase I enzymes; including CYP450, FMO, AO and MAO using HLM, recombinant human CYP enzymes (rhCYP), Human Liver Cytosol (HLC) and Human Liver Mitochondrial (HLMit)."	( In Vitro Drug-Drug Interaction Potential of Sulfoxide and/or Sulfone Metabolites of Albendazole, Triclabendazole , Aldicarb, Methiocarb, Montelukast and Ziprasidone. Giri, P; Giri, S; Gupta, L; Joshi, V; Naidu, S; Patel, N; Srinivas, NR, 2018)	0.68
", perpetrator and/or victim drug) to overcome any imminent risk of potential clinical drug-drug interaction when sulfoxide/sulfone metabolite(s) generating drugs are coadministered in therapy."	( In Vitro Drug-Drug Interaction Potential of Sulfoxide and/or Sulfone Metabolites of Albendazole, Triclabendazole , Aldicarb, Methiocarb, Montelukast and Ziprasidone. Giri, P; Giri, S; Gupta, L; Joshi, V; Naidu, S; Patel, N; Srinivas, NR, 2018)	0.68
"To examine the clinical typing and individualized treatment approach for allergic rhinitis and to determine the optimal treatment method for this disease using various drug combination therapies."	( Individualized treatment for allergic rhinitis based on key nasal clinical manifestations combined with histamine and leukotriene D4 levels. Chen, F; Li, G; Shen, C; Wang, H; Wen, Z; Zhang, X, )	0.13
"Clinical symptom evaluation combined with experimental detection of histamine and leukotriene levels can be an objective and accurate method to clinically classify the allergic rhinitis types."	( Individualized treatment for allergic rhinitis based on key nasal clinical manifestations combined with histamine and leukotriene D4 levels. Chen, F; Li, G; Shen, C; Wang, H; Wen, Z; Zhang, X, )	0.13
"To study the effect of the leukotriene receptor agonist montelukast combined with methylprednisolone on inflammatory response and peripheral blood lymphocyte subset content in children with mycoplasma pneumonia."	( Effect of montelukast combined with methylprednisolone for the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia. Ding, X; Ji, W; Liang, Y; Wu, H; Zhao, D, 2019)	1.16
"Montelukast combined with methylprednisolone for the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia can inhibit inflammatory responses and regulate levels of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells."	( Effect of montelukast combined with methylprednisolone for the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia. Ding, X; Ji, W; Liang, Y; Wu, H; Zhao, D, 2019)	2.36
"The aim of this study was to explore the clinical effect of montelukast sodium chewable tablets combined with inhaled budesonide in the treatment of pediatric asthma and its influence on inflammatory factors."	( Efficacy of montelukast sodium chewable tablets combined with inhaled budesonide in treating pediatric asthma and its effect on inflammatory factors. Wang, H; Zhang, Y, 2019)	1.14
"To evaluate the efficacy of Chinese medicine acupoint application (CMAA) combined with Western medicine for perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) in children."	( Efficacy of Chinese Medicine Acupoint Application Combined with Montelukast on Children with Perennial Allergic Rhinitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ding, LF; Li, YJ; Ma, BY; Qin, LP; Rui, XQ; Zong, M, 2020)	0.8
" Clinical practice has shown that montelukast sodium combined with fluticasone in the treatment of adult BA can improve clinical efficacy and reduce adverse reactions."	( Efficacy and safety of montelukast sodium combined with fluticasone in the treatment of adult bronchial asthma: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Han, H; Liu, Q; Liu, X; Luo, H, 2020)	1.15
"The Chinese databases (CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, Chinese Biomedical Database) and English databases (PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science) were searched by computer, for the randomized controlled clinical studies of montelukast sodium combined with fluticasone in the treatment of adult BA from establishment of database to October 2020."	( Efficacy and safety of montelukast sodium combined with fluticasone in the treatment of adult bronchial asthma: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Han, H; Liu, Q; Liu, X; Luo, H, 2020)	1.05
"This study assessed the efficacy and safety of montelukast sodium combined with fluticasone in the treatment of adult BA through total effective rate, pulmonary function (FEV1, FVC, PEF, FEV1/FVC), and adverse reactions."	( Efficacy and safety of montelukast sodium combined with fluticasone in the treatment of adult bronchial asthma: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Han, H; Liu, Q; Liu, X; Luo, H, 2020)	1.13
"This study will provide reliable evidence-based evidence for the clinical application of montelukast sodium combined with fluticasone in the treatment of adult BA."	( Efficacy and safety of montelukast sodium combined with fluticasone in the treatment of adult bronchial asthma: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Han, H; Liu, Q; Liu, X; Luo, H, 2020)	1.09
" This study is designed to explore the therapeutic potential of metformin and montelukast, in combination with Lactobacillus, for modulation of intestinal flora and suppression of oxidative stress in testicular and liver damage in diabetic male rats."	( The therapeutic role of lactobacillus and montelukast in combination with metformin in diabetes mellitus complications through modulation of gut microbiota and suppression of oxidative stress. El-Baz, AM; El-Sokkary, MMA; Hassan, HM; Khodir, AE; Shata, A, 2021)	1.11
"Predicting drug-drug interactions (DDIs) from in vitro data is made difficult by not knowing concentrations of substrate and inhibitor at the target site."	( Case Study 5: Predicting the Drug Interaction Potential for Inhibition of CYP2C8 by Montelukast. Korzekwa, K, 2021)	0.85
"Our study aims to explore the impact of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) alone or combined with montelukast on clinical efficiency and pulmonary function (PF) in treating patients with bronchial asthma complicated by obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS)."	( The Impact of Non-Invasive Ventilation Combined with Montelukast on Clinical Efficiency and Pulmonary Function in Patients with Bronchial Asthma Complicated by Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome. Feng, XK; Lin, JL; Pei, J; Sun, HY; Zhang, DM, 2022)	1.19
"To observe the clinical efficacy of self-made Lifei Dingchuan decoction combined with western medicine in the treatment of cough variant asthma (phlegm-heat accumulation in the lung syndrome)."	( Study on the Effect of Self-Made Lifei Dingchuan Decoction Combined with Western Medicine on Cough Variant Asthma. Huang, Z; Jian, X; Li, J; Li, K; Liang, B, 2022)	0.72
" The purpose of this study is to further investigate the clinical effects of budesonide combined with montelukast sodium in treating bronchial asthma."	( Effect of budesonide combined with montelukast sodium on pulmonary function parameters and immunoglobulin levels in children with bronchial asthma. Chen, F; Chu, F; Liang, L, 2023)	1.4
" The control group was treated with aerosol inhalation of budesonide combined with placebo, while the study group was treated with budesonide combined with montelukast sodium."	( Effect of budesonide combined with montelukast sodium on pulmonary function parameters and immunoglobulin levels in children with bronchial asthma. Chen, F; Chu, F; Liang, L, 2023)	1.38
"Budesonide combined with montelukast sodium in the treatment of bronchial asthma has the value of clinical application and promotion."	( Effect of budesonide combined with montelukast sodium on pulmonary function parameters and immunoglobulin levels in children with bronchial asthma. Chen, F; Chu, F; Liang, L, 2023)	1.49
"This meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy of montelukast (MKST) combined with budesonide (BUD) and BUD alone in the treatment of pulmonary inflammation and pulmonary function in children with cough variant asthma (CVA)."	( Effect of Montelukast Combined with Budesonide on Inflammatory Response and Pulmonary Function in Children with Cough Variant Asthma: A Meta-analysis. Lin, H; Wang, L; Wu, M; Wu, Q, 2023)	1.56

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
") montelukast sodium (Singulair, MK-0476), and the oral bioavailability of montelukast sodium in healthy males and healthy females were studied."	( Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and safety of montelukast sodium (MK-0476) in healthy males and females. Amin, R; Cheng, H; De Smet, M; Gertz, BJ; Leff, JA; Malbecq, W; Meisner, D; Noonan, N; Rogers, JD; Somers, G, 1996)	1.27
" Following oral administration of a 10-mg tablet of montelukast sodium, the AUC, maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time when Cmax occurred (Tmax), apparent t1/12, mean absorption time (MAT), and bioavailability (F) of montelukast sodium averaged 2441 ng."	( Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and safety of montelukast sodium (MK-0476) in healthy males and females. Amin, R; Cheng, H; De Smet, M; Gertz, BJ; Leff, JA; Malbecq, W; Meisner, D; Noonan, N; Rogers, JD; Somers, G, 1996)	0.8
" Based on these results and the reported modestly high oral bioavailability of montelukast, it could be concluded that a major part of the radioactivity was excreted via bile."	( Metabolic profiles of montelukast sodium (Singulair), a potent cysteinyl leukotriene1 receptor antagonist, in human plasma and bile. Amin, RD; Arison, BH; Baillie, TA; Balani, SK; Chiba, M; Doss, GA; Dufresne, C; Freeman, A; Gertz, BJ; Holland, SD; Isenberg, JI; Koss, MA; Lasseter, KC; Lin, JH; Miller, RR; Pratha, V; Rogers, JD; Schwartz, JI; Xu, X, 1997)	0.84
"A study was conducted to (i) characterize the multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of oral montelukast sodium (MK-0476), 10 mg d-1 in healthy young subjects (N = 12), (ii) evaluate the pharmacokinetics of montelukast in healthy elderly subjects (N = 12), and (iii) compare the pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of montelukast between elderly and young subjects."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of montelukast sodium (MK-0476) in healthy young and elderly volunteers. Amin, RD; Cheng, H; Freeman, A; Haesen, R; Holland, SD; Larson, P; Merz, M; Rogers, JD; Seiberling, M; Zhao, JJ, 1997)	0.79
" The dose of montelukast per kg bodyweight was approximately the same as that for human beings, but the C(max) in the horses was 28 times lower and the t(max) was reached in one-fifth of the time, suggesting that its oral bioavailability may be lower."	( Efficacy of montelukast in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in five horses. Kolm, G; Riedelberger, K; Schmid, R; Van den Hoven, R; Zappe, H, 2003)	1.07
" Human oral bioavailability is an important pharmacokinetic property, which is directly related to the amount of drug available in the systemic circulation to exert pharmacological and therapeutic effects."	( Hologram QSAR model for the prediction of human oral bioavailability. Andricopulo, AD; Moda, TL; Montanari, CA, 2007)	0.34
" Age and sex have no apparent effect on the drug's metabolism and elimination, and food does not affect its bioavailability or absorption."	( Desloratadine for chronic idiopathic urticaria: a review of clinical efficacy. DuBuske, L, 2007)	0.34
" The in vitro results of the dynamic dissolution test were able to predict the clinical data from a bioavailability study best."	( Dynamic dissolution testing to establish in vitro/in vivo correlations for montelukast sodium, a poorly soluble drug. DiMaso, M; Löbenberg, R; Okumu, A, 2008)	0.58
"Oral bioavailability (F) is a product of fraction absorbed (Fa), fraction escaping gut-wall elimination (Fg), and fraction escaping hepatic elimination (Fh)."	( Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination. Chang, G; El-Kattan, A; Miller, HR; Obach, RS; Rotter, C; Steyn, SJ; Troutman, MD; Varma, MV, 2010)	0.36
" The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of a test and reference formulation of montelukast 5-mg chewable tablets in healthy Korean male volunteers to meet KFDA regulatory criteria for marketing of the new generic formulation."	( Relative bioavailability of two 5-mg montelukast sodium chewable tablets: a single dose, randomized, open-label, 2-period crossover comparison in healthy korean adult male volunteers. Kim, CK; Kim, HT; Lee, SD; Park, Y; Song, YK, 2012)	0.86
"To compare the bioavailability of Amisped® (5 mg montelukast chewable tablets) manufactured by Sanofi-Aventis and 5 mg chewable tablet montelukast (Singulair®) developed by Merck."	( [Bioequivalence study of montelukast 5 mg chewable tablets]. Medina, AP; Muñoz, E; Navas, MP; Olaya, FJ; Tilano, AM, 2012)	0.94
"The absorption rate of montelukast was not altered when administered with desloratadine."	( Does desloratadine alter the serum levels of montelukast when administered in a fixed-dose combination? Cakli, H; Cingi, C; Erdogmus, N; Ertugay, CK; Gurbuz, MK; Ince, I; Karasulu, E; Kaya, E; Toros, SZ, 2013)	0.96
" In vivo single dose oral pharmacokinetic study demonstrated 143-fold improvement in bioavailability as compared to montelukast-aqueous solution."	( Montelukast-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: part I oral bioavailability improvement. Patil-Gadhe, A; Pokharkar, V, 2014)	2.05
" A common ground to these reports is the pursue of an enhanced montelukast performance, by increasing its bioavailability and physico-chemical stability."	( Montelukast medicines of today and tomorrow: from molecular pharmaceutics to technological formulations. Almeida Paz, FA; Barbosa, JS; Braga, SS, 2016)	2.12
" We similarly measured the oral and inhalational bioavailability by monitoring the pharmacokinetics and disposition of the drug in live animals."	( Aerosolizable modified-release particles of montelukast improve retention and availability of the drug in the lungs. Ahsan, F; Patel, B; Rashid, J, 2017)	0.72
" The available marketed formulations of montelukast present challenges such as poor bioavailability and reduced uptake, reflecting the lack of effectiveness of its desired action in the CNS."	( Targeted Delivery of Montelukast for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Datusalia, AK; Gaun, S; Manik, M; Singh, G; Singh, RK; Yadav, N, 2022)	1.31

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" dosage range."	( Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and safety of montelukast sodium (MK-0476) in healthy males and females. Amin, R; Cheng, H; De Smet, M; Gertz, BJ; Leff, JA; Malbecq, W; Meisner, D; Noonan, N; Rogers, JD; Somers, G, 1996)	0.55
" In conclusion, montelukast caused dose-related protection against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction at the end of a once-daily dosing interval."	( Dose-related protection of exercise bronchoconstriction by montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene-receptor antagonist, at the end of a once-daily dosing interval. Bronsky, EA; Guerreiro, D; Kemp, JP; Reiss, TF; Zhang, J, 1997)	0.89
" There is no need to modify dosage as a function of age."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of montelukast sodium (MK-0476) in healthy young and elderly volunteers. Amin, RD; Cheng, H; Freeman, A; Haesen, R; Holland, SD; Larson, P; Merz, M; Rogers, JD; Seiberling, M; Zhao, JJ, 1997)	0.56
" Exercise challenges were performed at base line; 20 to 24 hours after dosing at weeks 4, 8, and 12; and at the end of the washout period."	( Montelukast, a leukotriene-receptor antagonist, for the treatment of mild asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Bronsky, EA; Busse, WW; Dockhorn, R; Hendeles, L; Kemp, J; Kundu, S; Leff, JA; Pearlman, D; Reiss, TF; Seidenberg, BC; Zhang, J, 1998)	1.74
" In patients with asthma, montelukast 5 to 250 mg/day attenuated LTD4-induced bronchoconstriction and, at a dosage of 10 mg, significantly reduced early and late airway response to allergen (dust mite extract) relative to placebo."	( Montelukast. Faulds, D; Markham, A, 1998)	2.04
"Montelukast attenuates EIB at the end of the dosing interval in 6- to 14-year-old children with asthma."	( Montelukast once daily inhibits exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in 6- to 14-year-old children with asthma. Dockhorn, RJ; Kemp, JP; Knorr, B; Nguyen, HH; Reiss, TF; Seidenberg, BC; Shapiro, GG, 1998)	3.19
" However, using the present dosing and sample size, this protection was not accompanied with changes in sputum eosinophil percentage or activity, which may require more prolonged pretreatment with cysLT1 receptor antagonists."	( The effect of montelukast (MK-0476), a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist, on allergen-induced airway responses and sputum cell counts in asthma. De Smet, M; Diamant, Z; Grootendorst, DC; Leff, JA; Peszek, I; Seidenberg, BC; Sterk, PJ; Timmers, MC; Veselic-Charvat, M; Zwinderman, AH, 1999)	0.66
" These results show that montelukast at the clinical dosage did not change theophylline pharmacokinetics in a clinically important manner, but at 20- to 60-fold higher dosages, montelukast significantly reduced the theophylline pharmacokinetics parameters; an apparent dosage dependence is suggested."	( Effect of montelukast on single-dose theophylline pharmacokinetics. Bachmann, K; Ebel, D; Huhn, RD; Hunt, TL; Jauregui, L; Larson, P; Malmstrom, K; Miller, K; Peszek, I; Reese, JH; Reiss, TF; Schwartz, J; Scott, M; Shingo, S; Sullivan, TJ, 1998)	1.01
" This study was designed to evaluate whether montelukast at clinically used dosage levels would interfere with the anticoagulant effect of warfarin."	( Effect of montelukast on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy volunteers. Arnout, J; De Lepeleire, I; De Schepper, PJ; Depré, M; Freeman, A; Gertz, B; Holland, S; Van Hecken, A; Verbesselt, R; Wong, PH; Wynants, K, 1999)	0.97
" Exercise challenge was repeated at day 3, week 4, and week 8 after randomization near the end of the dosing interval for both drugs."	( Montelukast versus salmeterol in patients with asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Montelukast/Salmeterol Exercise Study Group. Chuchalin, AG; Gunawardena, KA; Helbling, A; Jasan, J; Langley, SJ; Laurenzi, M; Lee, TH; Leff, JA; Menten, J; O'Neill, SJ; Suskovic, S; van Noord, JA; Villaran, C, 1999)	1.75
" Long-term administration of montelukast provided consistent inhibition of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction at the end of the 8-week dosing interval without tolerance."	( Oral montelukast compared with inhaled salmeterol to prevent exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. A randomized, double-blind trial. Exercise Study Group. Bronsky, EA; DeLucca, PT; Edelman, JM; Ghannam, AF; Gormley, GJ; Grossman, J; Kemp, JP; Pearlman, DS; Turpin, JA, 2000)	1.11
"Montelukast, a new leukotriene modifier, has several benefits in the treatment of asthma in adults and children including improved relief of asthma symptoms, rapid onset, a safety profile comparable with placebo, and oral, once-daily dosing means excellent adherence."	( Use of oral montelukast in the treatment of asthma. Angner, R; Knorr, B; Lu, S; Noonan, GP; Reiss, TF; Williams, B, 2001)	2.13
" The drug has to be taken by the oral route at the dosage of 10 mg/day in adults and 5 mg/day in children under 15 years."	( [Pharma-clinics. Medication of the month. Montelukast (Singulair)]. Louis, R, 2001)	0.57
" The present study, performed using single-dose treatments, demonstrated that maximal protective effect by montelukast was obtained 12 h after dosing and that montelukast plus loratadine did not result in significant additive bronchoprotective effects on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction."	( The combination of single-dose montelukast and loratadine on exercise-induced bronchospasm in children. Boner, AL; De Gasperi, W; Loiacono, A; Micciolo, R; Peroni, DG; Piacentini, GL; Pietrobelli, A; Sabbion, A, 2002)	0.81
" In mild asthmatics, the timing of administration of single dosage before exercise should be strictly considered in order to obtain the drug protective effects."	( Time efficacy of a single dose of montelukast on exercise-induced asthma in children. Aralla, R; Bodini, A; Boner, AL; Loiacono, A; Peroni, DG; Piacentini, GL; Ress, M, 2002)	0.59
"We conclude that the dose of montelukast and the dosing interval does not need to be modified if the goal is to mimic the serum concentration used to treat asthma."	( Montelukast pharmacokinetics in cystic fibrosis. Graff, GR; Smith, AL; Weber, A; Wessler-Starman, D, 2003)	2.05
"Whether chronic dosing with montelukast confers benefit in patients with moderate to severe asthma remains to be fully established."	( A proof of concept study to evaluate putative benefits of montelukast in moderate persistent asthmatics. Cowan, LM; Currie, GP; Dempsey, OJ; Fowler, SJ; Lee, DK; Lipworth, BJ, 2003)	0.86
"The anti-inflammatory effects of repeated dosing with mediator antagonists as add-on therapy to that with inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) in patients with asthma remain to be fully established."	( Repeated dosing effects of mediator antagonists in inhaled corticosteroid-treated atopic asthmatic patients. Haggart, K; Jackson, CM; Lee, DK; Lipworth, BJ, 2004)	0.32
"We elected to evaluate the effects of repeated dosing with fexofenadine (FEX) and montelukast (ML) at clinically recommended doses in ICS-treated asthmatic patients using adenosine monophosphate (AMP) bronchial challenge as the primary outcome."	( Repeated dosing effects of mediator antagonists in inhaled corticosteroid-treated atopic asthmatic patients. Haggart, K; Jackson, CM; Lee, DK; Lipworth, BJ, 2004)	0.55
"Repeated dosing with FEX and ML as add-on therapy improved AMP PC(20) and other surrogate inflammatory markers along with asthma diary outcomes in ICS-treated atopic asthmatic patients."	( Repeated dosing effects of mediator antagonists in inhaled corticosteroid-treated atopic asthmatic patients. Haggart, K; Jackson, CM; Lee, DK; Lipworth, BJ, 2004)	0.32
" Although leukotriene CysLT1-receptor antagonists improve lower airway outcomes in AIA, their effects and dose-response in the upper airway is less well documented."	( Montelukast protects against nasal lysine-aspirin challenge in patients with aspirin-induced asthma. Haggart, K; Lee, DK; Lipworth, BJ; Robb, FM, 2004)	1.77
" However, there is no information to determine if this effectiveness could vary depending on dosage time."	( Montelukast administered in the morning or evening to prevent exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in children. Garcia-Marcos, L; Garcia-Rubia, S; Pajaron-Fernandez, M; Sanchez-Solis, M, 2006)	1.78
" Fewer patients required postexercise beta-agonist rescue at 2 hours after dosing with montelukast (P = ."	( Onset and duration of protection against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction by a single oral dose of montelukast. Busse, W; Dass, SB; Hendeles, L; Loeys, T; Pearlman, DS; Philip, G; Reiss, TF; Tilles, SA; van Adelsberg, J, 2006)	0.77
"To investigate the effect of multiple dosing with montelukast, a selective leukotriene-receptor antagonist, on the pharmacokinetics of rosiglitazone, a CYP2C8 substrate, in humans."	( Effect of multiple doses of montelukast on the pharmacokinetics of rosiglitazone, a CYP2C8 substrate, in humans. Kim, KA; Kim, KR; Park, JY; Park, PW, 2007)	0.89
" Further considerations for measuring long-term outcomes and dose-response relationships might be required to provide further evidence on the cost effectiveness of combination therapy with ICS plus LABA."	( Single-inhaler combination therapy for asthma: a review of cost effectiveness. Akazawa, M; Stempel, DA, 2006)	0.33
"Response to salmeterol does not vary between ADRB2 genotypes after chronic dosing with an inhaled corticosteroid."	( Salmeterol response is not affected by beta2-adrenergic receptor genotype in subjects with persistent asthma. Anderson, WH; Baitinger, LA; Bleecker, ER; Dorinsky, PM; Edwards, LD; Klotsman, M; Yancey, SW, 2006)	0.33
"To examine the effect of dosing frequency and mode of delivery of therapy on adherence and clinical outcomes."	( Adherence with montelukast or fluticasone in a long-term clinical trial: results from the mild asthma montelukast versus inhaled corticosteroid trial. Bilderback, A; Edelman, JM; Hustad, CM; Rand, C; Schiller, K; Zeiger, RS, 2007)	0.69
" In the DB, a dose-response relationship was observed with fluticasone and asthma rescue-free days (P = ."	( Adherence with montelukast or fluticasone in a long-term clinical trial: results from the mild asthma montelukast versus inhaled corticosteroid trial. Bilderback, A; Edelman, JM; Hustad, CM; Rand, C; Schiller, K; Zeiger, RS, 2007)	0.69
" The major degradation product in the latter solvent was Monte S-oxide and it was also detected as a major degradation product in Monte tablet dosage form during the incubation at 40 degrees C/75% RH for 6 months."	( Effect of light and heat on the stability of montelukast in solution and in its solid state. Al Omari, MM; Badwan, AA; Hasan, EI; Khader, TZ; Zoubi, RM, 2007)	0.6
" Other important prescribing considerations are that, unlike all first-generation and some second-generation antihistamines, desloratadine is nonsedating at its clinically approved dosage and does not impair psychomotor function."	( Desloratadine for chronic idiopathic urticaria: a review of clinical efficacy. DuBuske, L, 2007)	0.34
"Performances on VigTrack and MAT from 1 to 6 hours after dosing were not significantly different between L/M and placebo groups; in contrast, diphenhydramine resulted in significant impairment of tracking for up to 5 hours (P< or =0."	( Effects of loratadine/montelukast on vigilance and alertness task performance in a simulated cabin environment. Simons, M; Valk, PJ, 2009)	0.67
" This pathophysiological feature is characterized by the absence of a dose-response plateau to methacholine (Mtc)."	( Effect of montelukast on excessive airway narrowing response to methacholine in adult asthmatic patients not on controller therapy. Diamant, Z; Ulrik, CS, )	0.53
" Patients evaluated nasal congestion and other symptoms of AR and measured peak nasal inspiratory flow before dosing and at 20-minute intervals during the subsequent 8 hours of pollen exposure."	( Efficacy of loratadine-montelukast on nasal congestion in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis in an environmental exposure unit. Briscoe, MP; Danzig, M; Day, JH; Ratz, JD; Yao, R, 2009)	0.66
" Alternative dosage forms such as liquids or oral disintegrating tablets are available for most agents, allowing ease of administration to most young children and infants; however, limited data are available regarding use in infants for most agents, except desloratadine, cetirizine and montelukast."	( Treatment of allergic rhinitis in infants and children: efficacy and safety of second-generation antihistamines and the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast. Moeller, ML; Nahata, MC; Phan, H, 2009)	0.73
"Two simple, rapid, accurate and precise methods have been developed for simultaneous estimation of Montelukast sodium and Bambuterol hydrochloride from tablet dosage form."	( Simultaneous estimation of Montelukast sodium and Bambuterol hydrochloride in tablets by spectrophotometry. Kothapalli, LP; Nanda, RK; Pangarkar, VB; Pawar, AA; Thomas, AB, )	0.64
" The antiinflammatory dose-response curve of loratadine was shifted to the left when studied in combination with montelukast (0."	( Concomitant activity of histamine and cysteinyl leukotrienes on porcine nasal mucosal vessels and nasal inflammation in the rat. Hunter, JC; Jia, Y; Jimenez, J; Lieber, G; McLeod, RL, 2010)	0.57
" Montelukast was delivered as a witnessed dose through dry powder inhaler at doses of 25, 250, or 1000 μg, and doses of 50, 100, and 500 μg could be used if needed based on a prespecified dose-response algorithm."	( A phase I randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-exploration study of single-dose inhaled montelukast in patients with chronic asthma. Korenblat, PE; Pedinoff, A; Philip, G; Reiss, TF; Smugar, SS; Tymofyeyev, Y; Vandormael, K, 2010)	1.49
"05 L), whereas montelukast 100 μg provided significant bronchodilation relative to placebo within 2 hours of dosing (0."	( A phase I randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-exploration study of single-dose inhaled montelukast in patients with chronic asthma. Korenblat, PE; Pedinoff, A; Philip, G; Reiss, TF; Smugar, SS; Tymofyeyev, Y; Vandormael, K, 2010)	0.94
" The method demonstrated robustness and showed to be viable for the sodium montelukast determination in pharmaceutical dosage form."	( Stability indicating method for sodium montelukast in pharmaceutical preparations by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. Jablonski, A; Malesuik, MD; Roman, J; Steppe, M, 2010)	0.86
" We proposed a systematic classification scheme using FDA-approved drug labeling to assess the DILI potential of drugs, which yielded a benchmark dataset with 287 drugs representing a wide range of therapeutic categories and daily dosage amounts."	( FDA-approved drug labeling for the study of drug-induced liver injury. Chen, M; Fang, H; Liu, Z; Shi, Q; Tong, W; Vijay, V, 2011)	0.37
" This developed method show to be viable for the determination of sodium montelukast in pharmaceutical dosage form and satisfactory in the determination of the kinetics of degradation."	( Stability indicating LC method to determination of sodium montelukast in pharmaceutical dosage form and its photodegradation kinetics. Breier, AR; Roman, J; Steppe, M, 2011)	0.85
"To verify exactly when montelukast begins protection in asthmatic children by evaluating different time intervals between dosing and challenge."	( Time-effect of montelukast on protection against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Boner, AL; Chinellato, I; Peroni, DG; Pescollderungg, L; Piacentini, GL; Sandri, M, 2011)	1.03
" A subsample of 259 families had controller medication use monitored objectively for approximately 1 month by MDILog (fluticasone propionate), TrackCap (montelukast), or dosage counter (fluticasone/salmeterol combination)."	( Complementary and alternative medicine use and adherence to asthma medications among Latino and non-Latino white families. Adams, SK; Canino, G; Fedele, DA; Fritz, GK; Jandasek, B; Koinis-Mitchell, D; Kopel, SJ; McQuaid, EL; Mitchell, J; Seifer, R, )	0.33
"Dissolution testing is a performance test for many dosage forms including tablets and capsules."	( Simulation of in vitro dissolution behavior using DDDPlus™. Almukainzi, M; Löbenberg, R; Okumu, A; Wei, H, 2015)	0.42
" A clear dose-response relationship was not observed."	( Exploring the possible association between montelukast and neuropsychiatric events among children with asthma: a matched nested case-control study. Ali, MM; Cleves, MA; Martin, BC; O'Brien, CE, 2015)	0.68
" Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform-Infrared (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques were used to characterize Cop-CM, in addition to characterization of its powder and ODT dosage form."	( Co-processed chitin-mannitol as a new excipient for Oro-dispersible tablets. Al Omari, MM; Badwan, AA; Chowdhry, BZ; Daraghmeh, N; Leharne, SA, 2015)	0.42
" Thus, this montelukast sodium-loaded oral suspension, with bioequivalence to the commercial granules and excellent stability, could be a prospective dosage form for the treatment of asthma."	( Novel montelukast sodium-loaded stable oral suspension bioequivalent to the commercial granules in rats. Cho, KH; Choi, HG; Jin, SG; Kim, DS; Kim, DW; Kim, JO; Kim, KS; Kim, YH; Kim, YI; Kwon, TK; Li, DX; Park, JH; Woo, JS; Yong, CS; Yousaf, AM, 2016)	1.29
" Currently, montelukast is commercialized only in oral solid dosage forms, which are the favorite of adult patients but may pose challenges in administration to children of young age or patients suffering from dysphagia."	( Montelukast medicines of today and tomorrow: from molecular pharmaceutics to technological formulations. Almeida Paz, FA; Barbosa, JS; Braga, SS, 2016)	2.26
" Finally, the CD-MEKC system was successfully applied to the determination of related substances in MK bulk drug and its quantification in two pediatric pharmaceutical dosage forms."	( Development of an enantioselective capillary electrophoretic method for the simultaneous determination of montelukast enantiomeric and diastereoisomeric forms and its main degradation product. Flor, S; Huala Juan, M; Lucangioli, S; Tripodi, V, 2016)	0.65
"Montelukast ODT may be an acceptable dosage formulation for adults with mild-to-moderate asthma and/or AR in Japan."	( Early patient experiences with montelukast orally disintegrating tablets in Japan: a cross-sectional survey of treatment satisfaction in patients with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis. Petigara, T; Rasouliyan, L; Tobe, K; Tunceli, K; Whalley, D, 2017)	2.18
" The EAACI/GA[2]LEN/EDF/WAO guidelines advocate an increased antihistamine dosage up to four times the standard, before adding leukotriene receptor antagonists."	( Effectiveness and safety of levocetirizine 10 mg versus a combination of levocetirizine 5 mg and montelukast 10 mg in chronic urticaria resistant to levocetirizine 5 mg: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Das, NK; Ghosh, C; Pal, S; Sarkar, TK; Sil, A, )	0.35
"A total of 310 patients were randomised and dosed in the study."	( Efficacy and safety of lebrikizumab in adult patients with mild-to-moderate asthma not receiving inhaled corticosteroids. Anzures-Cabrera, J; Governale, L; Holweg, CTJ; Kerwin, E; Korenblat, P; Leshchenko, I; Martin, C; Matthews, JG; Olsson, J; Putnam, WS; Yen, K, 2018)	0.48
" Dosage and speed of infusion of Daratumumab have to be strictly controlled."	( [Infusion of Daratumumab in Combination Therapies - Practical Information for The Outpatient Area]. Engelhardt, M; Munder, M; Salwender, H; Scheid, C, 2018)	0.48
" Montelukast dosing was 10 mg for adults (age 14 years and above) and 5 mg for children (age 6 years to 14 years)."	( Leukotriene receptor antagonists for eczema. Ferguson, L; Futamura, M; Kojima, R; Mori, R; Roberts, A; Sasaki, H; Vakirlis, E, 2018)	1.39
" In cases of failure, treatment was switched to omalizumab at doses of < 300 mg/month with incremental dosage increases as necessary (monthly dose range, 150-600 mg/month)."	( Real-life experience in the treatment of solar urticaria: retrospective cohort study. Enk, CD; Hodak, E; Lapidoth, M; Levi, A; Mazor, S; Snast, I; Uvaidov, V, 2019)	0.51
" This article exemplifies the reported analytical methods like electrometric methods, ultraviolet spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, high performance thin layer chromatography and tandem spectroscopy for determination of fexofenadine HCl and montelukast sodium in dosage form and in biological matrices."	( A Review of Different Analytical Techniques for Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Montelukast Sodium in Different Matrices. Kumar, V; Nalini, CN, 2021)	1.02
" The dosing scenarios tested reflected in vivo paediatric administration practices: (i."	( In Vivo Predictive Dissolution Testing of Montelukast Sodium Formulations Administered with Drinks and Soft Foods to Infants. Flanagan, T; Fotaki, N; Mann, J; Martir, J, 2020)	0.82
" According to a literature review, no UV-visible spectrophotometric method has been reported yet for simultaneous estimation of montelukast sodium and bilastine in their combined pharmaceutical dosage forms."	( Risk Assessment-Based Enhanced Analytical Quality-by-Design Approach to Eco-Friendly and Economical Multicomponent Spectrophotometric Methods for Simultaneous Estimation of Montelukast Sodium and Bilastine. Mishra, A; Prajapati, P; Surati, P; Tamboli, J, 2021)	1.02
"The developed and validated methods were applied for assay of combined pharmaceutical dosage forms of montelukast sodium and bilastine and results were found to be in good agreement with their label claims."	( Risk Assessment-Based Enhanced Analytical Quality-by-Design Approach to Eco-Friendly and Economical Multicomponent Spectrophotometric Methods for Simultaneous Estimation of Montelukast Sodium and Bilastine. Mishra, A; Prajapati, P; Surati, P; Tamboli, J, 2021)	1.03
" An assay of combined tablet dosage forms of montelukast sodium and bilastine was then carried out using the developed methods."	( Risk Assessment-Based Enhanced Analytical Quality-by-Design Approach to Eco-Friendly and Economical Multicomponent Spectrophotometric Methods for Simultaneous Estimation of Montelukast Sodium and Bilastine. Mishra, A; Prajapati, P; Surati, P; Tamboli, J, 2021)	1.07
" MON, or combination of MFC, with no limitation of dosage or duration."	( Efficacy and safety of salmeterol/fluticasone compared with montelukast alone (or add-on therapy to fluticasone) in the treatment of bronchial asthma in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hong, JG; Lu, J; Qin, Z; Zhou, XJ, 2021)	0.86
" Effects of CysLTR1 inhibition on basal autophagic activity were analyzed at inactive/low and high lysosomal degradation activity with the antagonists zafirlukast (ZTK) and montelukast (MTK) at a dosage of 100 nM for 3 hours."	( Chronobiological activity of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 during basal and induced autophagy in the ARPE-19 retinal pigment epithelial cell line. Aigner, L; Brunner, SM; Koller, A; Ladek, AM; Preishuber-Pflügl, J; Reitsamer, H; Runge, C; Trost, A, 2021)	0.81
"When dosed at sleep time, the prepared cross-linked beads may deliver montelukast sodium required to relieve early morning symptoms in asthmatic patients."	( Cross-linked Alginate Beads of Montelukast Sodium Coated with Eudragit for Chronotherapy: Statistical Optimization, Dave, V; Kumar, N; Ranjan, OP, 2022)	1.24
"An extended release dosage form based on encapsulating the challenging drug busulfan within microspheres of the biodegradable, biocompatible and biosynthesized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) polyester was achieved."	( Biosynthesized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) as biocompatible microcapsules with extended release for busulfan and montelukast. Aboulsoud, M; Alamry, KA; Alenazi, E; Alsafadi, D; Hussein, MA; Ibrahim, MI; Safi, E, 2022)	0.93
" For potent and effective dosing in elderly patients, a parenteral prolonged delivery system is favored, with improved medication adherence with reduced dosage frequency."	( Design of Montelukast Nanocrystalline Suspension for Parenteral Prolonged Delivery. Choi, JH; Choi, YS; Choi, YW; Ho, MJ; Joung, MY; Kang, MJ; Kim, MS; Lee, S; Park, HJ; Park, JS; Seo, JH; Song, WH, 2022)	1.12
" At present, we analyzed the dose-response effects of a selective cysteinyl leukotriene receptor type-1 antagonist during bone repair after tooth extraction and on non-injured skeleton."	( Dose-response effect of Montelukast on post-extraction dental socket repair and skeletal phenotype of mice. Bacelar, ACZ; Barreto, AJM; Biguetti, CC; Chaves-Neto, AH; da Silva, RBP; Duarte, MAH; Ervolino, E; Fakhouri, WD; Matsumoto, MA; Ribeiro, KHC; Roseno, ACB, 2023)	1.22

Role	Description
leukotriene antagonist	A drug designed to prevent leukotriene synthesis or activity by blocking binding at the receptor level.
anti-asthmatic drug	A drug used to treat asthma.
anti-arrhythmia drug	A drug used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. Anti-arrhythmia drugs may affect the polarisation-repolarisation phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibres.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
quinolines	A class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds each of which contains a benzene ring ortho fused to carbons 2 and 3 of a pyridine ring.
monocarboxylic acid	An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group.
aliphatic sulfide
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	3.1970	0.0000	0.5369	10.0000	AID625184
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	4.7020	0.0002	1.6789	8.6800	AID625185
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	3.4880	0.0002	0.9326	7.2000	AID625205
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	2.3980	0.0000	0.6635	9.5499	AID625205
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	2.6890	0.0004	1.8773	10.0000	AID625207
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	2.6670	0.0032	2.2887	9.3160	AID625207
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	3.9190	0.0000	1.4421	7.3470	AID625201
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	1.4700	0.0001	0.8074	10.0000	AID625201
Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.4340	0.0000	1.8940	8.5470	AID625196
Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.2450	0.0000	0.9306	10.0000	AID625196
Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.7000	0.0008	1.8848	7.9000	AID1813642; AID1911194
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	8.0450	0.0000	1.4039	10.0000	AID625151
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	1.9380	0.0000	0.5972	9.1201	AID625151
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	4.3000	0.0023	3.2415	8.0600	AID625206
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	3.2000	0.0030	2.3098	6.0450	AID625206
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.4340	0.0002	1.8742	10.0000	AID625196
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.2450	0.0001	0.9490	10.0000	AID625196
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	5.2790	0.0000	1.4725	7.8980	AID625203
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.7670	0.0003	0.4834	10.0000	AID625203
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	6.6260	0.0001	1.0104	9.9280	AID625153
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	1.4040	0.0000	0.5405	7.7600	AID625153
Substance-K receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	3.8220	0.0001	3.1210	9.5530	AID625227
Substance-K receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	1.2740	0.0001	1.9242	9.7930	AID625227
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	2.6890	0.0008	1.5416	20.0000	AID625207
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	2.6670	0.0003	1.4656	10.0000	AID625207
Thromboxane-A synthase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	1.5250	0.0009	1.2304	10.0000	AID625229
D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	7.7470	0.0001	1.0178	8.7960	AID625254
D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	2.6310	0.0000	0.6020	10.0000	AID625254
Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	4.7950	0.0002	0.7521	8.0140	AID625161
Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	1.6900	0.0000	0.5978	9.9300	AID625161
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	6.2560	0.0001	1.1873	8.9125	AID625217
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	3.9810	0.0003	0.7693	10.0000	AID625217
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.4340	0.0000	1.8194	10.0000	AID625196
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.2450	0.0000	0.9650	10.0000	AID625196
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	2.6010	0.0007	1.8419	46.0000	AID625256
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	2.0670	0.0002	1.1115	8.0280	AID625256
Uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	6.5400	1.2100	3.0350	6.5400	AID1137667
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.8560	0.0001	0.7266	7.8000	AID625182
Leukotriene C4 synthase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	5.0000	3.0000	4.0000	5.0000	AID1579865
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1	Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)	Ki	0.0005	0.0001	0.2358	1.5000	AID55069
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	10.0000	0.0010	2.4052	10.0000	AID1236111
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0015	0.0003	0.9487	10.0000	AID102799; AID1236112; AID55235; AID625145
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0011	0.0002	1.5624	8.8720	AID625145
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0720	0.0009	0.0550	0.1040	AID497575
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
MAPK cascade	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
ossification	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic placenta development	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
hair follicle development	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
translation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of phospholipase C activity	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
salivary gland morphogenesis	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
midgut development	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
learning or memory	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian rhythm	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
diterpenoid metabolic process	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cerebral cortex cell migration	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell growth	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
lung development	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migration	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of superoxide anion generation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cobalamin	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hydroxyisoflavone	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to reactive oxygen species	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
ERBB2-EGFR signaling pathway	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein catabolic process	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
vasodilation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphorylation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
ovulation cycle	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
hydrogen peroxide metabolic process	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAP kinase activity	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
tongue development	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA repair	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA replication	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bone resorption	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstriction	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of JNK cascade	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cell	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein autophosphorylation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
astrocyte activation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
digestive tract morphogenesis	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection morphogenesis	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell proliferation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein insertion into membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to calcium ion	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glial cell proliferation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
morphogenesis of an epithelial fold	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
eyelid development in camera-type eye	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to UV-A	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mucus secretion	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to amino acid stimulus	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to mechanical stimulus	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cadmium ion	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to epidermal growth factor stimulus	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to estradiol stimulus	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
liver regeneration	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell adhesion	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein kinase C activity	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of prolactin secretion	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cardiocyte differentiation	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neurogenesis	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism development	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of kinase activity	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to singlet oxygen	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron migration	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
heart process	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylation	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transport	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
axon guidance	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
learning	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
feeding behavior	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell shape	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
gene expression	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron projection development	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
protein ubiquitination	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
protein catabolic process	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
forebrain development	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell costimulation	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein ubiquitination	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transduction	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulus	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein catabolic process	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ethanol	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
ephrin receptor signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite morphogenesis	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
activated T cell proliferation	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell receptor signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
leukocyte migration	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hydrogen peroxide	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein targeting to membrane	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine maintenance	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of dendritic spine maintenance	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
response to amyloid-beta	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to amyloid-beta	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to L-glutamate	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glycine	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to membrane	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of calcium ion import across plasma membrane	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
cell differentiation	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
diet induced thermogenesis	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of sodium ion transport	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription by RNA polymerase II	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor-mediated endocytosis	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
smooth muscle contraction	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome to lysosome transport	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cold	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein kinase A signaling	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bone mineralization	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
heat generation	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of multicellular organism growth	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascade	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
bone resorption	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
brown fat cell differentiation	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adrenergic receptor signaling pathway	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagosome maturation	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of lipophagy	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to amyloid-beta	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to psychosocial stress	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of AMPA receptor activity	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine-epinephrine-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokine production	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA replication	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transduction	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
Rho protein signal transduction	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
female pregnancy	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of norepinephrine secretion	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of vasoconstriction	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
actin cytoskeleton organization	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet activation	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migration	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of protein kinase activity	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of protein kinase B activity	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of epinephrine secretion	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hormone stimulus	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor transactivation	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
vasodilation	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
glucose homeostasis	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
fear response	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of potassium ion transport	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAP kinase activity	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascade	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of insulin secretion	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
intestinal absorption	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
thermoception	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lipid catabolic process	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of calcium ion transport	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adrenergic receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of wound healing	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of adenylate cyclase activity	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart contraction	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
response to wounding	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of norepinephrine secretion	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell migration	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid hydroxylation	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
organic acid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
epoxygenase P450 pathway	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic catabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
retinol metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid biosynthetic process	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative demethylation	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
omega-hydroxylase P450 pathway	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of monoatomic ion transport	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular synaptic transmission	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
nervous system development	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of locomotion	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
saliva secretion	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
cognition	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of glial cell proliferation	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intracellular protein transport	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor-mediated endocytosis	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
diet induced thermogenesis	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate metabolic process	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
generation of precursor metabolites and energy	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
energy reserve metabolic process	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cold	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
heat generation	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of multicellular organism growth	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
eating behavior	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascade	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
brown fat cell differentiation	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine-epinephrine-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of smooth muscle contraction	Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell signaling	Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of norepinephrine secretion	Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of vasoconstriction	Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet activation	Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of protein kinase B activity	Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of epinephrine secretion	Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor transactivation	Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascade	Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron differentiation	Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adrenergic receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of insulin secretion	Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signaling	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
smooth muscle contraction	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, cholinergic	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
nervous system development	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of insulin secretion	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein modification process	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
saliva secretion	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
ion channel modulating, G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated ion channel signaling pathway	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of smooth muscle contraction	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
muscle contraction	Substance-K receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
tachykinin receptor signaling pathway	Substance-K receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission	Substance-K receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
intestine smooth muscle contraction	Substance-K receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion	Substance-K receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
operant conditioning	Substance-K receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular permeability	Substance-K receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of monoatomic ion transport	Substance-K receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction	Substance-K receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to electrical stimulus	Substance-K receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
prolactin secretion	Substance-K receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction	Substance-K receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of flagellated sperm motility	Substance-K receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
monoamine transport	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transport	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
response to pain	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine uptake	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasis	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid transport	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine transport	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transmembrane transport	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin biosynthetic process	Thromboxane-A synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid metabolic process	Thromboxane-A synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclooxygenase pathway	Thromboxane-A synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular chloride ion homeostasis	Thromboxane-A synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ethanol	Thromboxane-A synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstriction	Thromboxane-A synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to fatty acid	Thromboxane-A synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ethanol	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, dopaminergic	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor internalization	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
learning or memory	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
learning	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
locomotory behavior	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
visual learning	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine secretion	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokinesis	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian regulation of gene expression	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to histamine	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
social behavior	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cocaine	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine metabolic process	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to morphine	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of blood pressure	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
acid secretion	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to cocaine	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid secretion	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein secretion	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
musculoskeletal movement, spinal reflex action	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
prepulse inhibition	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of potassium ion transport	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascade	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
immune response	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adult locomotory behavior	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein-containing complex assembly	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of CREB transcription factor activity	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to nicotine	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
eating behavior	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of calcium ion transport	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to growth factor stimulus	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxia	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to toxic substance	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide signaling pathway	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neural crest cell migration	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokine production	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor internalization	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
heart morphogenesis	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle hypertrophy	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of phospholipase C activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
neural crest cell differentiation	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
intestine smooth muscle contraction	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphorylation	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signaling	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
cGMP-mediated signaling	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
vasoconstriction	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAP kinase activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic morphogenesis	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of behavior	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell division	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C signaling	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to temperature stimulus	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
monoamine transport	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transport	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
lactation	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of smell	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
locomotory behavior	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
response to iron ion	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine transport	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
adenohypophysis development	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
response to nicotine	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of multicellular organism growth	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine metabolic process	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cocaine	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine biosynthetic process	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine catabolic process	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ethanol	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
cognition	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cAMP	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine uptake	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
prepulse inhibition	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine uptake	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
hyaloid vascular plexus regression	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid transport	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine transport	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transmembrane transport	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus	Uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
oligodendrocyte differentiation	Uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
chemokine-mediated signaling pathway	Uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction	Uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage checkpoint signaling	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
cell morphogenesis	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
cartilage condensation	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
angiogenesis	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
osteoblast differentiation	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
placenta development	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
response to dietary excess	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
chondrocyte differentiation	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
glucose metabolic process	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription by RNA polymerase II	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic process	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
chemotaxis	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
skeletal muscle tissue development	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of myotube differentiation	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid oxidation	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet activation	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
epidermal growth factor receptor activity	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
virus receptor activity	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
double-stranded DNA binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
MAP kinase kinase kinase activity	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine kinase activity	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane signaling receptor activity	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
epidermal growth factor receptor activity	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
integrin binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
calmodulin binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
kinase binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine kinase activator activity	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cadherin binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
actin filament binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
epidermal growth factor binding	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine kinase activity	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase activator activity	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-tubulin binding	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase binding	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter binding	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
ephrin receptor binding	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
tau protein binding	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
tau-protein kinase activity	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
growth factor receptor binding	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein binding	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
disordered domain specific binding	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor binding	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta binding	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
beta2-adrenergic receptor activity	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase binding	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
potassium channel regulator activity	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex binding	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine binding	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha2-adrenergic receptor activity	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-1B adrenergic receptor binding	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-2C adrenergic receptor binding	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
thioesterase binding	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
heterotrimeric G-protein binding	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activity	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
epinephrine binding	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine binding	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor activity	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
monooxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion binding	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid epoxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
caffeine oxidase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
aromatase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen 16-alpha-hydroxylase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
heme binding	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine binding	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
beta-adrenergic receptor activity	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
beta3-adrenergic receptor activity	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
beta-3 adrenergic receptor binding	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
epinephrine binding	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha2-adrenergic receptor activity	Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-2A adrenergic receptor binding	Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activity	Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
epinephrine binding	Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity	Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor activity	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine binding	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
tachykinin receptor activity	Substance-K receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Substance-K receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
substance K receptor activity	Substance-K receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
actin binding	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter activity	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine:sodium symporter activity	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine:sodium symporter activity	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
monoamine transmembrane transporter activity	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-tubulin binding	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
beta-tubulin binding	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
monooxygenase activity	Thromboxane-A synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
thromboxane-A synthase activity	Thromboxane-A synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion binding	Thromboxane-A synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen	Thromboxane-A synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
heme binding	Thromboxane-A synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid synthase activity	Thromboxane-A synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase activity	Thromboxane-A synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gi/Go	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activity	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled opioid receptor activity	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor serine/threonine kinase binding	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled enkephalin receptor activity	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide binding	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
G-protein alpha-subunit binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
GTPase activator activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
protease binding	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor binding	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter activity	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine:sodium symporter activity	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
monoamine transmembrane transporter activity	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine binding	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
amine binding	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex binding	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A binding	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
heterocyclic compound binding	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine:sodium symporter activity	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
chemokine receptor activity	Uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor serine/threonine kinase binding	Uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activity	Uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
MAP kinase activity	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
MAP kinase kinase activity	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase binding	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 binding	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
NFAT protein binding	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine kinase activity	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene-C4 synthase activity	Leukotriene C4 synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Leukotriene C4 synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme activator activity	Leukotriene C4 synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid binding	Leukotriene C4 synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Leukotriene C4 synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione peroxidase activity	Leukotriene C4 synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transferase activity	Leukotriene C4 synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene receptor activity	Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cysteinyl leukotriene receptor activity	Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled peptide receptor activity	Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene receptor activity	Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cysteinyl leukotriene receptor activity	Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled peptide receptor activity	Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
endosome	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
ruffle membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesion	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cell junction	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raft	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
multivesicular body, internal vesicle lumen	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular vesicle	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complex	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
Shc-EGFR complex	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membrane	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raft	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
actin filament	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
perikaryon	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
cell body	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raft	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell projection	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
lysosome	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome membrane	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal dense core vesicle	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complex	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
axon terminus	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic active zone membrane	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
dopaminergic synapse	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membrane	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complex	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Adenosine receptor A3	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
axon terminus	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membrane	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
cholinergic synapse	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complex	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome	Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membrane	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Substance-K receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
sperm flagellum	Substance-K receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
sperm head	Substance-K receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
sperm midpiece	Substance-K receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
sperm midpiece	Substance-K receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Substance-K receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body membrane	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Thromboxane-A synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Thromboxane-A synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Thromboxane-A synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	D(3) dopamine receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle membrane	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
axon terminus	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
spine apparatus	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membrane	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal dense core vesicle	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Delta-type opioid receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor complex	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
axon terminus	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raft	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
dopaminergic synapse	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
flotillin complex	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body membrane	Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
spindle pole	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear speck	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule lumen	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
ficolin-1-rich granule lumen	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope	Leukotriene C4 synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear outer membrane	Leukotriene C4 synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Leukotriene C4 synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Leukotriene C4 synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Leukotriene C4 synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear membrane	Leukotriene C4 synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Leukotriene C4 synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope	Leukotriene C4 synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Leukotriene C4 synthase	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular_component	Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1698006	Ratio of drug level in cynomolgus monkey blood to plasma administered through iv dosing by LC-MS/MS analysis
AID444054	Oral bioavailability in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1079934	Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID1579859	Inhibition of LTC4S in healthy human whole blood assessed as inhibition of calcium ionophore A23187 stimulated cysteinyl leukotrienes production preincuabted for 30 mins followed by calcium ionophore stimulation and measured after 10 mins by LC-MS analysi	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-12, Volume: 62, Issue:17	Discovery of the Oral Leukotriene C4 Synthase Inhibitor (1
AID678717	Inhibition of human CYP3A4 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 7-benzyloxyquinoline as substrate after 30 mins	2012	Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10	Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID55076	In vitro binding affinity towards Cysteinyl leukotriene D4 receptor by using [3H]LTD4 binding assay in guinea pig lung membranes	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 43, Issue:3	Derivation of pharmacophore and CoMFA models for leukotriene D(4) receptor antagonists of the quinolinyl(bridged)aryl series.
AID1579860	Inhibition of LTC4S in asthmatic human whole blood assessed as inhibition of calcium ionophore A23187 stimulated cysteinyl leukotrienes production preincuabted for 30 mins followed by calcium ionophore stimulation and measured after 10 mins by LC-MS analy	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-12, Volume: 62, Issue:17	Discovery of the Oral Leukotriene C4 Synthase Inhibitor (1
AID625281	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID444058	Volume of distribution at steady state in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1079937	Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID588209	Literature-mined public compounds from Greene et al multi-species hepatotoxicity modelling dataset	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jul-19, Volume: 23, Issue:7	Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity.
AID444051	Total clearance in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1698010	Hepatic clearance in human administered through iv dosing
AID89083	Fold shift in LTD4 dose response curve 25 hr following 40 mg oral dose	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-05, Volume: 39, Issue:14	Modulators of leukotriene biosynthesis and receptor activation.
AID625285	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079947	Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID1474167	Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring verified drug-induced liver injury concern status	2016	Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4	DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID102664	In vitro inhibition of [3H]-LTD4 binding to LTD4 receptor of guinea pig lung membrane without human serum albumin (HSA).	1998	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-03, Volume: 8, Issue:5	A series of non-quinoline cysLT1 receptor antagonists: SAR study on pyridyl analogs of Singulair.
AID1079945	Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
AID1079943	Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID625282	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID540212	Mean residence time in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID55069	Binding affinity towards Cysteinyl leukotriene D4 receptor (cysLT1) was measured by the displacement of [3H]LTD4 radioligand	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-23, Volume: 41, Issue:9	Development of a three-dimensional CysLT1 (LTD4) antagonist model with an incorporated amino acid residue from the receptor.
AID428143	Bioavailability in rat	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of gamma-carboline derivatives as potent and selective cysLT(1) antagonists.
AID625287	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079940	Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID678714	Inhibition of human CYP2C19 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 3-butyryl-7-methoxycoumarin as substrate after 30 mins	2012	Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10	Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID55235	Compound were tested for inhibitory activity against Cysteinyl leukotriene D4 receptor	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-05, Volume: 39, Issue:14	Modulators of leukotriene biosynthesis and receptor activation.
AID1236107	Antiasthmatic activity in human bronchi assessed as inhibition of antigen-induced bronchoconstriction at 10 nmol/L preincubated for 30 mins with addition of cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin at 10 mins and antihistamine drug pyrilamine at 5 mins prior	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 58, Issue:15	Discovery of Gemilukast (ONO-6950), a Dual CysLT1 and CysLT2 Antagonist As a Therapeutic Agent for Asthma.
AID625292	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID540211	Fraction unbound in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1236111	Antagonist activity at human CysLT2 expressed in HEK293T cells assessed as inhibition of LTC4-induced effect preincubated for 30 mins prior to LTC4 addition by Aequorin luminescence assay	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 58, Issue:15	Discovery of Gemilukast (ONO-6950), a Dual CysLT1 and CysLT2 Antagonist As a Therapeutic Agent for Asthma.
AID444050	Fraction unbound in human plasma	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1698016	Dissociation constant, basic pKa of compound measured up to 18 mins by capillary electrophoresis
AID678713	Inhibition of human CYP2C9 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 7-methoxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin-3-acetic acid as substrate after 30 mins	2012	Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10	Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID1698000	Apparent permeability in dog MDCKII-LE cells at pH 7.4
AID1579865	Inhibition of recombinant human N-terminal His6-tagged LTC4S expressed in in Pichia pastoris X33 assessed as inhibition of EXC4 formation using EXA4 as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 1 min by EIA	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-12, Volume: 62, Issue:17	Discovery of the Oral Leukotriene C4 Synthase Inhibitor (1
AID588210	Human drug-induced liver injury (DILI) modelling dataset from Ekins et al	2010	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 38, Issue:12	A predictive ligand-based Bayesian model for human drug-induced liver injury.
AID425653	Renal clearance in human	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15	Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID1636484	Drug activation in human Hep3B cells assessed as human CYP2C9-mediated drug metabolism-induced cytotoxicity measured as decrease in cell viability at 49.7 uM pre-incubated with BSO for 18 hrs followed by incubation with compound for 3 hrs in presence of N	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16	Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
AID1079935	Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
AID1079944	Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID588213	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in non-rodents	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID625286	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID497575	Antagonist activity at CysLT1 receptor in human dU937 cells assessed as inhibition of LTD4-induced increase of calcium level treated 30 mins before LTD4 challenge	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 18, Issue:15	Pharmacophore identification, synthesis, and biological evaluation of carboxylated chalcone derivatives as CysLT1 antagonists.
AID1698011	Fraction unbound in human plasma
AID444057	Fraction escaping hepatic elimination in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID373867	Hepatic clearance in human hepatocytes in absence of fetal calf serum	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 44, Issue:4	First-principle, structure-based prediction of hepatic metabolic clearance values in human.
AID497576	Antagonist activity at CysLT1 receptor in human dU937 cells assessed as inhibition of LTD4-induced increase of calcium level treated 30 mins before LTD4 challenge relative to control	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 18, Issue:15	Pharmacophore identification, synthesis, and biological evaluation of carboxylated chalcone derivatives as CysLT1 antagonists.
AID1698004	Fraction unbound in cynomolgus monkey plasma
AID1222793	Dissociation constant, pKa of the compound	2013	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 41, Issue:5	Which metabolites circulate?
AID1079933	Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID428080	Inhibition of LTD4-induced airway microvascular permeability in po dosed Dunkin-Hartley guinea pig after 8 hrs using Evans blue staining	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of gamma-carboline derivatives as potent and selective cysLT(1) antagonists.
AID588211	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in humans	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1636370	Drug activation in human Hep3B cells assessed as human CYP3A4-mediated drug metabolism-induced cytotoxicity measured as decrease in cell viability at 29.6 uM pre-incubated with BSO for 18 hrs followed by incubation with compound for 3 hrs in presence of N	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16	Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
AID678722	Covalent binding affinity to human liver microsomes assessed per mg of protein at 10 uM after 60 mins presence of NADPH	2012	Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10	Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID1698009	Hepatic clearance in cynomolgus monkey at < 1 mg/kg, iv administered as cassette dosing
AID625283	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079946	Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
AID625291	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079936	Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
AID428079	Inhibition of LTD4-induced airway microvascular permeability in po dosed Dunkin-Hartley guinea pig after 4 hrs using Evans blue staining	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of gamma-carboline derivatives as potent and selective cysLT(1) antagonists.
AID1472629	Inhibition of CYP2C8 in human liver microsomes using paclitaxel as substrate upto 10 uM after 20 mins in presence of NADPH by LC-MS/MS analysis	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-11, Volume: 61, Issue:1	Novel Terminal Bipheny-Based Diapophytoene Desaturases (CrtN) Inhibitors as Anti-MRSA/VISR/LRSA Agents with Reduced hERG Activity.
AID102799	In vitro inhibition of [3H]-LTD4 binding to LTD4 receptor of DMSO differentiated human U937 cell membranes	1998	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-03, Volume: 8, Issue:5	A series of non-quinoline cysLT1 receptor antagonists: SAR study on pyridyl analogs of Singulair.
AID540213	Half life in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1236104	Antiasthmatic activity in guinea pig assessed as inhibition of LTC4-induced bronchoconstriction at 0.1 mg/kg, po measured over 30 mins	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 58, Issue:15	Discovery of Gemilukast (ONO-6950), a Dual CysLT1 and CysLT2 Antagonist As a Therapeutic Agent for Asthma.
AID1137667	Displacement of [3H]PSB-12150 from human GPR17 expressed in CHO-K1 cell membranes after 60 mins by heterologous competition binding assay	2014	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-10, Volume: 5, Issue:4	Development of [(3)H]2-Carboxy-4,6-dichloro-1H-indole-3-propionic Acid ([(3)H]PSB-12150): A Useful Tool for Studying GPR17.
AID1079948	Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID1318758	Induction of peroxisomal enzyme activity in mouse assessed as increase in fatty acyl Co-A oxidase activity at 400 mg/kg, po for 4 days	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-13, Volume: 59, Issue:19	The "Cyclopropyl Fragment" is a Versatile Player that Frequently Appears in Preclinical/Clinical Drug Molecules.
AID588212	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in rodents	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID444053	Renal clearance in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1079939	Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID625284	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625290	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID425652	Total body clearance in human	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15	Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID678716	Inhibition of human CYP3A4 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using diethoxyfluorescein as substrate after 30 mins	2012	Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10	Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID625280	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1318757	Displacement of [3H]LTD4 from LTD4 receptor in guinea pig lung membrane	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-13, Volume: 59, Issue:19	The "Cyclopropyl Fragment" is a Versatile Player that Frequently Appears in Preclinical/Clinical Drug Molecules.
AID428078	Inhibition of LTD4-induced airway microvascular permeability in po dosed Dunkin-Hartley guinea pig after 1 hr using Evans blue staining	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of gamma-carboline derivatives as potent and selective cysLT(1) antagonists.
AID1079942	Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID1079941	Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID678715	Inhibition of human CYP2D6 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 4-methylaminoethyl-7-methoxycoumarin as substrate after 30 mins	2012	Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10	Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID678712	Inhibition of human CYP1A2 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using ethoxyresorufin as substrate after 30 mins	2012	Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10	Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID1079932	Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID625289	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID444055	Fraction absorbed in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1636426	Drug activation in human Hep3B cells assessed as human CYP2D6-mediated drug metabolism-induced cytotoxicity measured as decrease in cell viability at 79.2 uM pre-incubated with BSO for 18 hrs followed by incubation with compound for 3 hrs in presence of N	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16	Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
AID1698007	Ratio of drug level in human blood to plasma administered through iv dosing by LC-MS/MS analysis
AID444056	Fraction escaping gut-wall elimination in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1079931	Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID444052	Hepatic clearance in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID540210	Clearance in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID102663	In vitro inhibition of [3H]LTD4 binding to LTD4 receptor of guinea pig lung membrane with human serum albumin (HSA).	1998	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-03, Volume: 8, Issue:5	A series of non-quinoline cysLT1 receptor antagonists: SAR study on pyridyl analogs of Singulair.
AID311524	Oral bioavailability in human	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 15, Issue:24	Hologram QSAR model for the prediction of human oral bioavailability.
AID625277	FDA Liver Toxicity Knowledge Base Benchmark Dataset (LTKB-BD) drugs of less concern for DILI	2011	Drug discovery today, Aug, Volume: 16, Issue:15-16	FDA-approved drug labeling for the study of drug-induced liver injury.
AID1079949	Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
AID1813642	Inhibition of CYP2C8 in human liver microsome using paclitaxel as substrate	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-09, Volume: 64, Issue:23	Synthesis, Characterization, and Preclinical Evaluation of a Small-Molecule Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Targeted Monomethyl Auristatin E Conjugate.
AID1474166	Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring severity class index	2016	Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4	DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID1124818	Activation of FXR (unknown origin) at 10 uM	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 22, Issue:7	Some non-conventional biomolecular targets for diamidines. A short survey.
AID1854971	Antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv incubated for 24 hrs and measured by MTT assay	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-01, Volume: 71	Drug screening approach against mycobacterial fatty acyl-AMP ligase FAAL32 renews the interest of the salicylanilide pharmacophore in the fight against tuberculosis.
AID1079938	Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID540209	Volume of distribution at steady state in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID79495	Compound was tested for LTD4 induced guinea pig trachea contraction	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-05, Volume: 39, Issue:14	Modulators of leukotriene biosynthesis and receptor activation.
AID1698001	Lipophilicity, log D of the compound at pH 7.4 by by shake flask method
AID625279	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625288	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1236112	Antagonist activity at human CysLT1	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 58, Issue:15	Discovery of Gemilukast (ONO-6950), a Dual CysLT1 and CysLT2 Antagonist As a Therapeutic Agent for Asthma.
AID1911194	Inhibition of CYP2C8 in human liver microsomes using paclitaxel as substrate incubated for 5 to 45 mins in presence of NADPH by LC/MS analysis
AID1346031	Human CysLT1 receptor (Leukotriene receptors)	1999	Nature, Jun-24, Volume: 399, Issue:6738	Characterization of the human cysteinyl leukotriene CysLT1 receptor.
AID1346031	Human CysLT1 receptor (Leukotriene receptors)	2002	Biochemical pharmacology, Apr-15, Volume: 63, Issue:8	Pharmacological differences among CysLT(1) receptor antagonists with respect to LTC(4) and LTD(4) in human lung parenchyma.
AID1346857	Mouse GPR17 (Class A Orphans)	2008	PloS one, , Volume: 3, Issue:10	The recently identified P2Y-like receptor GPR17 is a sensor of brain damage and a new target for brain repair.
AID1346031	Human CysLT1 receptor (Leukotriene receptors)	1999	Molecular pharmacology, Sep, Volume: 56, Issue:3	Identification, molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	86 (4.76)	18.2507
2000's	861 (47.67)	29.6817
2010's	631 (34.94)	24.3611
2020's	228 (12.62)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	598 (30.43%)	5.53%
Reviews	213 (10.84%)	6.00%
Case Studies	161 (8.19%)	4.05%
Observational	19 (0.97%)	0.25%
Other	974 (49.57%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (314)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Subcutaneous Methotrexate, Oral Dexamethasone or Oral Montelukast for the Prevention of Infusion Related Reaction Associated With Amivantamab, an EGFR-MET Bispecific Antibody, Among Post-osimertinib Treated EGFRm NSCLC; SKIPPirr, a Phase 2 Study [NCT05663866]	Phase 2	126 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-05-18	Recruiting
Effects of Montelukast Therapy on Alzheimer's Disease (EMERALD) [NCT03991988]	Phase 2	32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-09-25	Completed
Randomized Double-blind Placebo-controlled Study of add-on Montelukast to Inhaled Budesonide in the Treatment of Nonasthmatic Eosinophilic Bronchitis [NCT01121016]	Phase 4	63 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2010-06-30	Not yet recruiting
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Parallel Group 8-week Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Chewable Montelukast When Initiated at the Start of the School Year in Pediatric Patients With Chronic Asthma [NCT00461032]	Phase 3	1,162 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-06-30	Completed
Montelukast, on Pediatric Bronchial Asthma in Multicenter Comparative Double-Blind Clinical Study (Phase IV) With Ketotifen Fumarate [NCT00446056]	Phase 4	188 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-09-25	Completed
A Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, 2-Arm, 2X2 Crossover Study Comparing the Effects of Montelukast, Inhaled Budesonide, and Placebo on Lower Leg Growth in Children (Prepubertal, Tanner Stage I) With Mild Asthma [NCT00092092]	Phase 4	71 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-10-31	Completed
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter, 2-Period, Crossover Study to Evaluate the Effects of a Single Dose of Montelukast on Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm [NCT00090142]	Phase 3	62 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-05-31	Completed
Parent-determined Oral Montelukast Therapy for Preschool Wheeze With Stratification for Arachidonate-5-Lipoxygenase (ALOX5) Promoter Genotype [NCT01142505]	Phase 3	1,358 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-11-30	Completed
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Parallel-Group Study Comparing the Effect on Linear Growth of Montelukast With Placebo and Inhaled Beclomethasone in Pediatric Patients (Prepubertal, Tanner Stage I) With Mild Asthma [NCT00395408]	Phase 4	360 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2000-06-30	Completed
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled, Randomized, Parallel-Group Study to Evaluate the Clinical Effect of Oral Montelukast Versus Placebo in Persistent Asthma Which is Also Active During Allergy Seasons in Pediatric Patients With Seasonal Aeroa [NCT00289874]	Phase 3	421 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-03-31	Completed
A Double-Blind, Randomized Multicenter, 3-Period, Crossover Study to Evaluate the Effects of a Single Dose of Montelukast Compared With Placebo and Salmeterol on Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction [NCT00245570]	Phase 3	47 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-12-31	Completed
MK0476 Phase II/III Placebo Controlled Double Blind Study [NCT00229970]	Phase 3	225 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-09-30	Completed
A 12 Week Multicenter, Open-label, Observational Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Montelukast Sodium (Singulair®), 4 or 5 mg/Day in Pediatric Subjects With Uncontrolled Asthma [NCT00832455]	Phase 4	445 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-06-30	Completed
Montelukast for Acute Bronchiolitis and Postbronchiolitis Viral Induced Wheezing in Infants 3 to 12 Months of Age in Bandar Abbas Children' Hospital [NCT01370187]		146 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-07-31	Completed
Study HZA114971, A Multicentre Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study to Evaluate the Effects of a One-Year Regimen of Orally Inhaled Fluticasone Furoate 50 mcg Once Daily on Growth Velocity in Prepubertal, Paediatric Subjects [NCT02889809]	Phase 4	477 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-10-20	Completed
A Multi-Center, Double-blind, Randomized, Parallel-Group Study Investigating the Effect of Montelukast in Patients With Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis-Spring 2001 Study [NCT00972738]	Phase 3	1,214 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-04-30	Completed
MK-476 IV Formulation Phase III Open Label Exploratory Comparative Study - Acute Exacerbations of Asthma - [NCT00442338]	Phase 3	91 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-03-31	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Two-Period, Parallel-group Study to Assess the Effect of Montelukast Sodium With Concomitant Administration of Inhaled Budesonide in Asthmatic Patients. [NCT00140946]	Phase 4	546 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1998-03-31	Completed
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study Investigating the Clinical Effects of Montelukast in Patients With Perennial Allergic Rhinitis [NCT00092118]	Phase 3	1,992 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-10-31	Completed
Phase 4 Study of Single Dose of Oral Montelukast When Adding to Standard Treatment in Acute Moderate to Severe Wheezing in Preschool Children. [NCT01304901]	Phase 4	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-04-30	Completed
Comparison of Daily Mometasone Furoate Nasal Spray Alone Versus a Combination With Montelukast for Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Asthma After Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: a 9-month Randomized, Open-label, Controlled Study [NCT02110654]	Phase 4	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-06-30	Completed
Comparative Study of the Effect of Two Doses of Mometasone Furoate Dry Powder Inhaler 200 mcg and 400 mcg QD PM, Fluticasone Propionate 250 mcg BID, and Montelukast 10 mg QD PM, on Bone Mineral Density in Adults With Asthma [NCT00394355]	Phase 4	566 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-09-30	Completed
Randomized, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial to Study the Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled Corticosteroid Plus Montelukast Compared With Inhaled Corticosteroid Therapy Alone in Patients With Chronic Asthma [NCT00666679]	Phase 2	134 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-05-31	Completed
Evaluating the Effect of Montelukast on Doxorubicin Induced Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer Patients. [NCT05959889]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-03-01	Recruiting
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study Investigating the Clinical Effects of Montelukast in Patients With Perennial Allergic Rhinitis [NCT00974571]	Phase 3	1,365 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-11-30	Completed
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Parallel-Group Study Investigating the Clinical Effect of Montelukast in Patients With Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis-Fall Study [NCT00960141]	Phase 3	829 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2000-08-31	Completed
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Parallel-Group Study Comparing Montelukast With Placebo in Pediatric Patients Aged 6 to 24 Months With Asthma [NCT00943683]		256 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2000-08-31	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, 2-Period, Parallel-Group Study to Assess the Clinical Effect of MK0476 With Concomitant Administration of and Removal of Inhaled Beclomethasone in Asthmatic Patients [NCT00911547]	Phase 3	642 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1995-03-31	Completed
A Randomized Controlled Study of Montelukast Plus Low Dose Inhaled Budesonide Versus Medium Dose Inhaled Budesonide on Asthma Control in Elderly Patients [NCT01147510]	Phase 4	140 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-07-31	Completed
A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Montelukast in the Treatment of Acute Otitis Media (AOM) in Children [NCT00189462]	Phase 4	99 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-03-31	Completed
The Effect of Montelukast on Anti-inflammatory Treatment and Asthma Exacerbation Prevention in Children Sensitive to Dust Mites. [NCT01266772]	Phase 3	160 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-01-31	Recruiting
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Crossover Design Study to Evaluate the Effect of Montelukast Vs. Salmeterol on the Inhibition of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction in Asthmatic Patients Aged 6-14 Years [NCT00127166]	Phase 3	154 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-12-31	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Study Comparing the Clinical Effects of Intravenous Montelukast With Placebo in Pediatric Patients (Ages 6 to 14 Years) With Acute Asthma [NCT00117338]	Phase 3	276 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-07-31	Completed
The Effects on Airway Reactivity of the Use of Preoperative Montelukast Sodium [NCT02494466]	Phase 4	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-05-31	Completed
Effect of BMS-986020 on the Pharmacokinetics of Montelukast, Flurbiprofen, and Digoxin as Probe Substrates for CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and P-gp [NCT02227173]	Phase 1	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Completed
The Effect of Montelukast on Asthma Control in Overweight/Obese Atopic Asthmatics [NCT01329939]		26 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-04-30	Completed
A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Dose-ranging, Multi-centre Trial of QAW039 (1-450 mg p.o.), to Investigate the Effect on FEV1 and ACQ in Patients With Moderate-to-severe, Persistent, Allergic Asthma, Inadequately Controlled With ICS Therapy. [NCT01437735]	Phase 2	1,043 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-08-31	Completed
Randomised, Double-blind, Triple Dummy, Partial Cross-over (Each Active Treatment With Placebo) Study Using an Environmental Challenge Chamber (ECC) to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of 2 Weeks of Oral BI 671800 ED 50, 200 or 400 mg Bid, Compared to Monte [NCT01007721]	Phase 2	146 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-10-31	Completed
Feasibility of a Personalised Medicine Clinic for Children With Asthma Aged 5-11 Years [NCT03269318]	Phase 4	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-07-01	Terminated(stopped due to Change to Primary Endpoint resulted in development of new protocol)
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Parallel-Group Chronic Asthma Study Comparing Montelukast With Placebo in 2- to 5-Year-Old Patients [NCT00968201]	Phase 3	689 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1997-12-31	Completed
A Multicenter, Open-Label, Controlled, Extended Safety Study of Montelukast in Infants and Young Children With Chronic Asthma [NCT00943397]	Phase 3	190 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-04-30	Completed
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized Study Investigating the Clinical Effect of Montelukast on Allergic Rhinitis in Patients With Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis and Chronic Asthma [NCT00092885]	Phase 3	831 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-03-31	Completed
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Crossover Study Investigating the Clinical Effect of Montelukast in Patients With Concomitant Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis Upon Controlled Exposure to Cat Allergen [NCT00092105]	Phase 3	58 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-04-01	Completed
A Randomized, 2-Period, Multicenter, Dble-Blind, Parallel-Group Study Comparing Effects of 2 Doses of MK0476 and Placebo in the Tx of Respiratory Symptoms Associated w/ Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Induced Bronchiolitis in Children 3 to 24 Mths [NCT00076973]	Phase 3	1,125 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-08-31	Completed
Effects of Concomitant Administration of BMS-986195 on the Single-dose Pharmacokinetics of Methotrexate and Probe Substrates for Cytochrome P450 1A2, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 3A4, Organic Anion Transporter Polypeptide 1B1 and P-glycoprotein in Healthy Participants [NCT03131973]	Phase 1	26 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-05-13	Completed
Targeting Leukotrienes in Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study [NCT05362474]	Phase 3	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-07-01	Recruiting
A Two-Part, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial to Evaluate the Differential Effects of Inhaled Nedocromil, Oral Montelukast, and Inhaled Mometasone on Markers of the Early Airway Response to Allergen in Asthmatics [NCT01061333]	Phase 1	16 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-06-30	Completed
Randomised, Double Blind, Double Dummy, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Group Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of 6 Weeks of Oral BI 671800 ED Twice Daily (b.i.d.), Montelukast Once Daily (q.d.) or Placebo in Symptomatic Asthmatic Patients on Low Dose [NCT01103349]	Phase 2	243 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-04-20	Completed
An Open Label, Observational Study to Assess The Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Added Singulair in Persistent Asthma Patients With or Without Allergic Rhinitis and Long Acting B-Agonist [NCT00445107]	Phase 3	198 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-11-01	Completed
An Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Inflammatory Markers in Adult Patients With Asthma Associated With Allergic Rhinitis Receiving Montelukast Therapy [NCT00398151]	Phase 3	58 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-08-01	Completed
MK0476 Phase III Double-Blind Comparative Study - Allergic Rhinitis [NCT00127647]	Phase 3	1,375 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-11-30	Completed
The Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Montelukast in the Treatment of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Proof-of-Concept, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial [NCT04080947]	Phase 1/Phase 2	56 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-08-01	Completed
A PHASE III, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF LEBRIKIZUMAB IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH MILD TO MODERATE ASTHMA [NCT02104674]	Phase 3	313 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-06-30	Completed
Pilot Study Testing a New Strategy for Management of Spontaneous Preterm Birth. [NCT02108886]	Phase 2	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-12-31	Active, not recruiting
The Impact of Particulate Matters Air Pollution on Accelerated Atherosclerosis: A Montelukast Interventional Study for Atherosclerosis Prevention in Modernizing China [NCT04762472]	Phase 4	200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-09-30	Not yet recruiting
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety of Combination Montelukast/Loratadine (MK-0476A) in Mexican Patients With Allergic Rhinitis [NCT01673620]	Phase 3	69 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-07-04	Completed
Fractional Concentration of Exhaled NO(FENO) to Direct Montelukast Treatment of Sub-acute Cough:A Prospective, Open Label, Randomized and Placebo-Controlled Trial [NCT02303600]		200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-08-31	Recruiting
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Parallel-Group Study Comparing Montelukast With Placebo in Pediatric Patients Age 2 Through 14 Years With Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis [NCT00968149]	Phase 3	413 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-03-31	Completed
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Parallel-Group Study Investigating the Clinical Effect of Montelukast in Patients With Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis Over a 4-Week Treatment Period-Fall 2001 [NCT00963469]	Phase 3	1,079 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-08-31	Completed
An Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase 1b Study of JNJ-54767414 (HuMax CD38) (Anti-CD38 Monoclonal Antibody) in Combination With Backbone Regimens for the Treatment of Subjects With Multiple Myeloma [NCT01998971]	Phase 1	242 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-02-18	Active, not recruiting
A Randomized, 3-Period, Multiple-Dose, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Plasma Concentration Profile of Montelukast Administered Once Daily as Oral Granules in Children Aged 3 to 6 Months [NCT00394069]	Phase 2	14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-07-31	Completed
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study to Determine the Effect of Montelukast Sodium as an Episode Modifier in the Treatment of Infrequent Episodic Asthma in Children [NCT00140881]	Phase 4	220 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2000-06-01	Completed
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter, 2-Period, Crossover Study to Evaluate the Effects of a Single Dose of Montelukast on Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm [NCT00092131]	Phase 3	51 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-06-30	Completed
Impact of Blocked Cysteinyl Leukotriene Pathway on Endothelial Function in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: Multicenter Randomized Placebo Controlled Crossover Trial [NCT03545997]	Phase 3	1 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-11-29	Terminated(stopped due to lack of recruitment)
"A 12 Week Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized, Observational Study Comparing Singulair® 10 Mg As Controller Monotherapy In Adults With Mild Asthma To Low Dose Inhaled Corticosteroid Treatment" [NCT00545324]	Phase 4	399 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-09-30	Completed
Mk0476 Phase II Dose Finding Study -Allergic Rhinitis- [NCT00446186]	Phase 2	945 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-02-29	Completed
A Randomized, 3-Period, Multiple-Dose, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Plasma Concentration Profile of Montelukast Administered Once Daily as Oral Granules in Children Aged 1 to 3 Months [NCT00394160]	Phase 2	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-12-31	Completed
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Parallel-Group Study to Evaluate the Clinical Effect of Oral MK0476 Vs Placebo During the Allergy Season in Patients With Seasonal Aeroallergen Sensitivity and Chronic Asthma Which is Also Activ [NCT00092144]	Phase 3	500 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2004-02-26	Completed
Development and Validation of a Sputum Biomarker mRNA Panel for the Diagnostic Work-up of Asthma 3 [NCT01224964]		1 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-01-31	Terminated(stopped due to A lot of patients recruited in our center were already on montelukast treatment. It was not possible to recruit sufficient patients for the study.)
Genotype Stratified Pharmacokinetic Study of Montelukast [NCT01086527]	Phase 1	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-03-31	Completed
A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial With Montelukast to Treat Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome After Lung Transplantation [NCT01211509]	Phase 4	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-10-31	Completed
Clinical Study Evaluating the Effect of Histamine 1 Receptor Antagonist and Leukotreine Receptor Antagonist on Patients With Rheumatoid Arithritis [NCT03770923]	Phase 3	75 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-10-01	Recruiting
Single-Dose Open-label Randomized Crossover, in Two Periods and in Two Sequences, Single-Center Comparative Bioequivalence Study of Montelukast, 5 mg Chewable Tablets (Pharmtechnology LLC, Republic of Belarus), and Singulair®, 5 mg Chewable Tablets (Merck [NCT03898193]	Phase 1	34 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-03-23	Completed
A Phase 1, Single-center, Open-label, Sequential Study to Evaluate the Drug-drug Interaction Potential of BMS-986196 in Healthy Participants [NCT05852769]	Phase 1	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-05-31	Completed
A Randomized Phase IIa, Multi-center, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Assess the Safety, Feasibility, Tolerability, and Efficacy of a New Buccal Film of Montelukast in Patients With Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease [NCT03402503]	Phase 2	54 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-11-26	Active, not recruiting
A Randomized Trial of Comparing a Combination of Montelukast and Budesonide With Budesonide in Allergic Rhinitis [NCT04077892]	Early Phase 1	46 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-01	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind, Crossover Study Comparing the Effect of MK0524 With Placebo and Concomitant Administration of MK0524 Plus Montelukast in Adult Patients With Chronic Asthma [NCT00783601]	Phase 2	130 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-10-31	Completed
Effects of Oral Montelukast on Airway Inflammation in Children With Mild Asthma [NCT00675285]	Phase 3	26 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-09-30	Completed
Efficacy of Oral Leukotriene in Long Term Therapy of Mild and Moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) in Children [NCT00912171]	Phase 4	45 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-01-31	Completed
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Parallel-Group Study Investigating the Clinical Effects of Montelukast in Patients With Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis--Spring Study [NCT00979901]	Phase 3	1,577 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2000-03-31	Completed
A Six-week Evaluator-Blind, Randomized, Active-Controlled Evaluation of the Effects of Three Doses of Mometasone Furoate/Formoterol Fumarate (MF/F) Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI), Montelukast, and Beclomethasone Dipropionate (BDP HFA) on the HPA Axis in Asthm [NCT01615874]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-01-31	Withdrawn
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Parallel-Group Study Investigating the Clinical Effect of Combination Montelukast/Loratadine in Patients With Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis-Fall Study [NCT00963599]	Phase 3	907 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1999-09-30	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind (3rd Party Open), Double-Dummy, Placebo- And Active Controlled, 3-Way Crossover Study To Determine The Effects Of Oral PF-03893787 On Allergen-Induced Airway Responses In Mild Asthmatic Subjects. [NCT00856687]	Phase 1	12 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2009-04-30	Completed
Effects of Montelukast on Airway Foxp3+ and CTLA4+CD25highCD4+ T Cells in Asthmatics [NCT01951898]	Phase 2/Phase 3	15 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-06-30	Recruiting
Role of Montelukast in Modulation of Response to Sepsis in Preterm Infants [NCT04474327]	Phase 1	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-07-24	Completed
ATATURK UNİVERSITY [NCT05094596]	Phase 4	180 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-10-22	Not yet recruiting
Comparative Open-label,Randomized, Fasting, Single Dose, Two-way Crossover Bioequivalence Study of Montelukast From Asmakast 10mg Tabs (Sandoz, Egypt) & Singulair® 10mg Tabs (Merck & Co, Egypt) to Healthy Adult Volunteers [NCT02480049]	Phase 1	26 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-08-31	Completed
Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial, Placebo-controlled to Assess the Efficacy of Montelukast in Mild-moderate Respiratory Symptoms in Patients With Long-COVID-19: E-SPERANZA COVID-19 PROJECT [NCT04695704]	Phase 3	284 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-08-01	Recruiting
Pragmatic RCT of High-dose Oral Montelukast for Moderate and Severe Pediatric Acute Asthma Exacerbations [NCT03277170]	Phase 2	320 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2025-09-01	Not yet recruiting
A Phase II Study, Evaluating the Efficacy of Montelukast in Reducing the Incidence and Severity of Monoclonal Antibodies Associated Infusion Reactions [NCT04198623]	Phase 2	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-03-20	Recruiting
An 8 Week Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Adding Montelukast to Inhaled Corticosteroid (ICS) to the ICS/Long-Acting Beta 2-Agonist Therapy in Adult Subjects With Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis [NCT00545844]	Phase 4	313 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-04-01	Completed
Montelukast Effects on Pulmonary Function in Children With Wheezing Aged Less Than 2 Years [NCT00775697]	Phase 4	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Enrolling by invitation
"Korean Study of Real-World Montelukast Use in Mild Asthmatic Children With Concomitant Allergic Rhinitis" [NCT00442559]	Phase 4	191 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-01-31	Completed
Impact Of Montelukast On Allergic Rhinitis And Its Inflammatory Makers [NCT05381207]	Early Phase 1	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-10-31	Not yet recruiting
Study of the Decongestant Effect of the Combination of Loratadine and Montelukast Compared With Placebo in SAR Subjects Exposed to Pollen in an Environmental Exposure Unit [NCT00423995]	Phase 3	379 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-11-01	Completed
An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Pulmicort Respules (Budesonide Inhalation Suspension) Versus SINGULAIR (Montelukast Sodium) in Children 2-8 Years Old With Asthma Requiring Controller Therapy. [NCT00641472]	Phase 4	380 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2002-10-31	Completed
An Open-label Balanced, Randomised, Single Dose, Two-way Crossover Study to Determine the Bioequivalence of GW483100 10 mg Tablets (Containing Montelukast Sodium Equivalent to 10 mg of Montelukast) Relative to Reference Montelukast Sodium 10 mg Tablets (C [NCT02658422]	Phase 1	32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-08-18	Completed
Effects of Concomitant Administration of BMS-986142 on the Single-dose Pharmacokinetics of Probe Substrates for CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, and P-gp in Healthy Subjects [NCT02762123]	Phase 1	28 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-05-31	Completed
Investigation to Identify Predictors of Response to a Treatment With Montelukast [NCT00721240]	Phase 4	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2006-02-28	Completed
Assessment of the Effect of Oral Montelukast as Additional Treatment in the Management of Patients With Acute Severe Asthma. [NCT01011452]	Phase 4	87 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-05-31	Completed
The Effect of Montelukast Therapy on mRNA Profile of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in the Sputum of Patients With Asthma [NCT00947453]	Phase 2	15 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-07-31	Completed
A National, Multi-Center, Open-Label, Three-Arm, Phase II Study to Investigate the Effect of Montelukast Between Emergency Room Visits and Hospitalizations in COVID-19 Pneumonia in Comparison With Standard Treatment [NCT04718285]	Phase 2	380 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-05-15	Recruiting
Effect of Montelukast on Experimentally-Induced RV16 Infection in Volunteers With Mild Asthma [NCT00359073]		25 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-10-31	Completed
The Addition of Montelukast to Fluticasone in the Treatment of Perennial Allergic Rhinitis [NCT00119015]	Phase 4	102 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-07-31	Terminated(stopped due to Difficulty in recruitment)
Effect of Montelukast on the Airway Remodeling in Asthma Patients: Physiological-radiological Correlation [NCT00699062]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-01-31	Completed
Assessment of Montelukast Efficacy in the Treatment of Refractive Uremic Pruritus [NCT02559388]		73 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-30	Completed
Effect of Add-on Montelukast to Inhaled Corticosteroids in Excessive Airway Narrowing in Adults With Asthma [NCT00913328]	Phase 4	31 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-08-31	Completed
Early Intervention With Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists in Patients With Grass Pollinosis: Effects on Clinical Symptoms and Allergic Inflammation [NCT05040828]	Phase 4	59 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-07-01	Completed
Istanbul Gaziosmanpasa Taksim Research and Training Hospital, [NCT02565212]	Phase 4	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-05-31	Completed
A Randomised, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multi-Centre, Parallel Group Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of ADC3680 Administered Once Daily as an Add-On Therapy to Inhaled Corticosteroids and When Co-Administered With Montelukast in Subjects [NCT01730027]	Phase 2	248 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-04-30	Completed
Montelukast as Adjunct Treatment in Children With Atopic Dermatitis [NCT02534467]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-09	Completed
The Effect of Montelukast Versus Co Enzyme Q10 on the Clinical Outcome of Patients With Sepsis [NCT05293132]	Phase 2/Phase 3	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-02-01	Completed
Randomised, Open-label, Parallel-group Study of Therapeutic Effect of Leukotriene Modulator Montelukast Alone or Combined With Inhaled Corticosteroid on Cough Variant Asthma [NCT01404013]	Phase 4	99 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-02-29	Recruiting
A 12 Week, Multi-center,Randomized, Double Blinded, Parallel Group, Placebo-controlled, 4-arm, Dose Finding Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of SOTB07 in Persistent Asthma [NCT00936624]	Phase 2	245 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-07-31	Completed
A Double Blind, Randomized, Crossover Study to Compare the Effectiveness of Montelukast on Atopic Dermatitis in Koreans [NCT00903357]		54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-08-31	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Combination Loratadine/Montelukast QD vs Pseudoephedrine and Placebo in the Treatment of Subjects With Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis [NCT00319995]	Phase 3	1,095 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-03-01	Completed
A Randomized, Open Labeled Comparative Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Controller Medications as Add on to Inhaled Steroid and Long Acting β2 Agonist in Treatment of Moderate to Severe Persistent Bronchial Asthma [NCT01055041]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-12-31	Completed
The Effect of Montelukast Therapy on Respiratory Symptoms, Lung Function and Airway Responsiveness in Wheezy Very Young Children [NCT00934713]	Phase 4	112 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-09-30	Completed
Multi-Institutional Prospective Phase II Study of Montelukast for the Treatment of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Following Allogeneic or Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Children and Adults [NCT00656058]	Phase 2	25 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-06-17	Completed
Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Study to Evaluate the Eosinophils Activation Parameters and Phagocyte Function in Patients With Persistent Asthma Treated With Montelukast [NCT00770900]	Phase 4	83 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-09-30	Completed
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter, Crossover Study to Evaluate the Effects of a Single Oral Dose of Montelukast, Compared With Placebo, on Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB) in Pediatric Patients Aged 4 to 14 Years [NCT00534976]	Phase 4	364 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-02-29	Completed
Comparison of Efficacy, Safety and Cost Effectiveness of Montelukast and Levocetirizine Versus Montelukast and Fexofenadine in Patients of Allergic Rhinitis: a Randomized, Double-blind Clinical Trial [NCT02551536]	Phase 4	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Completed
A Phase Ib Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial to Study the Safety and Bronchodilatory Effect of MK0476 in Patients With Chronic Asthma [NCT00739297]	Phase 1	68 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-07-31	Completed
A Randomized, Open-label, Three-period, Three-sequence, Crossover, Single-dose Bioequivalence Study of Montelukast Sodium Oral Thin Films in Healthy Chinese Volunteers Under Fasted Condition [NCT05528198]		30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-12-28	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Triple-Dummy, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group, Four-Week Study Assessing the Efficacy of Fluticasone Propionate Aqueous Nasal Spray 200mcg QD Versus Montelukast 10mg QD in Adolescent and Adult Subjects With Asth [NCT00296491]	Phase 4	725 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-09-30	Completed
An Open Label, Randomized, Two-Period, Two-Treatment, Crossover, Single-Dose Bioequivalence Study of Montelukast Sodium Chewable Tablets 5mg [Test Formulation, Torrent Pharmaceutical Limited., India] Versus Singulair® (Montelukast Sodium) Chewable Tablets [NCT01931514]	Phase 1	0 participants	Interventional		Completed
Usefulness of Exhaled Breath Condensate and FENO for Evaluation of Markers of Airway Inflammation in Children With Asthma [NCT00961155]	Phase 2	200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2009-08-31	Recruiting
Effect of Montelukast on Metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, MMP-12, Tissue Inhibitor Metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), Procollagen Type I C-terminal Peptide (PICP) and TGF-beta1 Levels in Sputum From Mild Intermittent Asthmatic Children: a Pilot Study [NCT00875082]	Phase 4	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-02-28	Completed
The Evaluation of Singulair for the Treatment of Non-Allergic Rhinitis Eosinophil Syndrome (NARES) [NCT00406094]	Phase 4	6 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2006-11-30	Recruiting
Childhood Asthma Research and Education (CARE) Network Trial - Best Add-On Therapy Giving Effective Response (BADGER) [NCT00395304]	Phase 3	182 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-03-31	Completed
Clinical Evaluation of Montelukast on Cognitive and Mood Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation in Veterans With Gulf War Illness (GWI) [NCT05992311]	Phase 1	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-02-01	Not yet recruiting
Role of the Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase Pathway in Coronary Heart Disease [NCT00379808]		22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-07-31	Completed
The Leukotriene Modifier Or Corticosteroid or Corticosteroid-Salmeterol Trial [NCT00156819]	Phase 4	500 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-06-30	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group 6-Month Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Montelukast Sodium, Fluticasone Propionate and Placebo in Patients With Chronic Asthma Who Smoke Cigarettes [NCT00284856]	Phase 3	1,640 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-05-31	Completed
Double-blind, Three Parallel Randomized Groups, Therapeutic Confirmatory Clinical Trial to Compare the Efficacy of Oral Levocetirizine 5 mg and Montelukast 10 mg to Placebo in Reducing Symptoms of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (SAR) in Ragweed Sensitive Subj [NCT00295022]	Phase 4	418 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-07-29	Completed
An Open Label, Randomized, Two-Period, Two-Treatment, Crossover, Single-Dose Bioequivalence Study of Montelukast Sodium Chewable Tablets 5mg [Test Formulation, Torrent Pharmaceutical Limited., India] Versus Singulair® (Montelukast Sodium) Chewable Tablets [NCT01931501]	Phase 1	0 participants	Interventional		Completed
Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial of Montelukast in Modulating Exacerbations of Asthma in Children, September 2005 [NCT00196547]	Phase 4	200 participants	Interventional	2005-09-30	Completed
Open, Two Periods, Two Treatments, Two Sequences, Cross-over, Randomized Study With Single Dosage of Two Oral Preparations Containing Montelukast 10 mg (Product of GlaxoSmithKline México, S.A. de C.V. vs. Singulair, Merck Sharp & Dohme de México, S.A. de [NCT01943942]	Phase 1	32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-05-16	Completed
Montelukast as a Controller of Atopic Syndrome [NCT00559546]	Phase 4	61 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-03-31	Completed
Establishing the Collaborative Care Model of Traditional Chinse Medicine and Western Medicine for Allergic Rhinitis With Obstructive Sleep Apnea From Prevention to Treatment. [NCT04621513]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-07-29	Recruiting
Montelukast for Children With Chronic Otitis Media With Effusion (COME): A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study [NCT01967498]		52 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-11-30	Not yet recruiting
The Effect Of SRP With Adjunctive Systemic Therapy Of Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist-Montelukast On The Serum C Reactive Protein Levels & Clinical Parameters In Chronic Periodontitis Patients - A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02014532]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-03-31	Completed
Phase 2, Open-Label Randomized Study of Daratumumab, Carfilzomib, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone vs Carfilzomib, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma [NCT04268498]	Phase 2	306 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-02-11	Recruiting
A Randomized, Open-label, Single-Dose, 2-Treatment, 2-Way, 2-Period Crossover Study to Compare the Safety and the Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of MKT-N2 (Montelukast) and Singulair® (Montelukast Sodium) Tablet 10mg in Healthy Male Korean Subjects [NCT02029313]	Phase 1	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-11-30	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Placebo-Controlled, Five-Treatment, Four 6-Week Period Cross-Over, Multi-Center Study to Evaluate the Effect of Adding GSK2190915 100mg, GSK2190915 300mg, Montelukast 10mg or Placebo Tablets Once Daily or Salmeter [NCT01156792]	Phase 2	162 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-09-30	Completed
Effectiveness of Montelukast in Children With Recurrent Obstructive Bronchitis [NCT04613180]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-01-03	Active, not recruiting
Effect Of Addition of Oral Montelukast to Standard Treatment in Acute Moderate to Severe Asthma in Children Between 5-15 Years of Age - A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial [NCT00565955]	Phase 3	116 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-03-31	Completed
A Randomised Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Placebo-Controlled, Stratified, Parallel-Group, Multicentre, Dose Ranging Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of GSK2190915 Tablets Administered Once Daily, Fluticasone Propionate Inhalation Powder 100mcg Twi [NCT01147744]	Phase 2	700 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-06-28	Completed
Montelukast and Nasa ICS for Treatment of Mild Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults [NCT01089647]	Phase 3	34 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-09-30	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Concomitant Montelukast Sodium and Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride in Perennial Allergic Rhinitis (PAR) Patients : A Randomized, Double-blind, Active-controlled, Multicenter Phase 3 Clinical Trial [NCT01640535]	Phase 3	283 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-06-30	Completed
A Randomized Double Blind Controlled Trial on the Effect of Treatment in Children With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. [NCT00599534]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-12-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to Principal Investigator has transferred to another Institution)
The Effects of Montelukast on Sputum Cells and Inflammatory Markers in Smokers With Asthma [NCT00712335]	Phase 4	105 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-02-28	Completed
Dose Escalation Clinical Trial of High-dose Oral Montelukast to Inform Future RCT in Children With Acute Asthma Exacerbations [NCT05819541]	Phase 2	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-11-01	Recruiting
Airborne Ultrafine and Fine Particulate Matter: A Cause for Endothelial Dysfunction in Man? [NCT00814281]		24 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2007-05-31	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Parallel-Group Study Evaluating the Effects of 2 Different Regimens of Montelukast (Daily Dosing and Intermittent, Episode-Driven Dosing) Compared With Placebo in the Treatment of Episodic Asthma in C [NCT00337675]	Phase 3	1,771 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-10-31	Completed
Time-Effect of Montelukast on Protection Against Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction [NCT00935415]	Phase 4	69 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-01-31	Completed
[NCT00536705]		112 participants (Actual)	Observational	2009-01-31	Completed
A Proof-of-concept Study to Evaluate the Benefit From add-on Therapy With Montelukast Versus Salmeterol in Children With Asthma Carrying the Arg/Arg-16 beta2-receptor Genotype [NCT00655616]		64 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-08-31	Completed
Asthma in the Elderly: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Study of the Effect of Montelukast [NCT02635334]	Phase 4	26 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-11-30	Completed
A Study to Investigate Safety and Tolerability of Higher Infusion Rate to shORten the duraTion of FabrazymE Infusion [NCT06019728]	Phase 4	18 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-11-10	Recruiting
Prescribing Asthma Controller Medication According to Gene Status to Improve Quality of Life in Young People With Asthma [NCT02758873]		241 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-02-29	Completed
A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial of Daily Montelukast for the Treatment of Viral Bronchiolitis [NCT00863317]		141 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-12-31	Completed
Comparative Effects of Fish Oil Supplementation and a Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist on EIB and Airway Inflammation in Asthma [NCT00676468]	Phase 1	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-09-30	Completed
A Double Blind Randomised Placebo Controlled Trial of Montelukast in the Treatment of Acute Persistent Cough in Young People and Adults in Primary Care [NCT01279668]	Phase 4	276 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-05-31	Active, not recruiting
A Randomised Controlled Open-Label Phase IV Mono Centre Study to Compare the Response Profiles of Montelukast Versus Fluticasone in Children With Pre-School Asthma [NCT00543686]	Phase 2	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2007-08-31	Completed
Randomised, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Parallel-group, Comparative Study of Salmeterol/FP 50/100mcg bd Inhalation Powder Via Diskus With Oral Montelukast (5mg QD) Chewable Tablets in Children 6-14 Years [NCT00328718]	Phase 3	526 participants	Interventional	2005-10-31	Completed
Could Leukotriene D4 Bronchial Provocation Test be a Clear Indicator for Predicting Therapeutic Outcomes of Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist A Pilot Study [NCT01414868]		32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-03-31	Completed
Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo/Active-controlled, Multi-center Clinical Trial to Investigate the Safety/Tolerability and Efficacy of YHD001 Following 8 Weeks Oral Administration of YHD001 in Patients With Partially Controlled Asthma [NCT01424124]	Phase 2	56 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-11-30	Completed
Effects of GSK3640254 on the Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics of Probe Substrates (Caffeine, Metoprolol, Montelukast, Flurbiprofen, Omeprazole, Midazolam, Digoxin, and Pravastatin) in Healthy Subjects [NCT04425902]	Phase 1	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-12-16	Completed
Does Increasing Immunosuppression Prevent Transplant-associated Lung-disease Triggered by Viral Respiratory Tract Infection Following Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant? A Pilot Study [NCT01432080]	Phase 2	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-09-30	Terminated(stopped due to Not meeting recruitment targets)
Investigation the Safety and Efficacy of The Antileukotriene Agents, Montelukast, as Adjuvant Therapy in Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized, Controlled Trial [NCT04075110]	Early Phase 1	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-07-01	Completed
Fractional Concentration of Exhaled NO(FeNO) to Direct The Treatment of Sub-acute Cough：A Prospective, Open Label, Randomized and Placebo-Controlled Trial [NCT02655562]	Phase 4	200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-04-30	Suspended(stopped due to There are difficulties in recruiting patients)
Can Montelukast Shorten Corticosteroid Therapy In Children With Mild To Moderate Acute Asthma? [NCT00213252]	Phase 2	130 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-09-30	Completed
Open, Two Periods, Two Treatments, Two Sequences, Cross-over, Randomized Study With Single Dosage of Two Oral Preparations of Chewable Tablets of Montelukast 5 mg (Product of GlaxoSmithKline México, S.A. de C.V. vs. Singulair™, Merck Sharp & Dohme de Méxi [NCT01863654]	Phase 1	32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-05-16	Completed
Bioequivalence Study of Montelukast Sodium Oral Thin Film and Chewable Tablet in Fed Healthy Volunteers [NCT05531994]		30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-11-27	Completed
Effect of Pineapple Juice on the Pharmacokinetics of Celecoxib and Montelukast in Humans [NCT04374981]	Phase 2	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-07-01	Completed
A Four Year Observational Study Comparing Two Treatment Regimens: Inhaled Glucocorticosteroid + Salmeterol and Inhaled Glucocorticosteroid + Montelukast. [NCT01488773]		132 participants (Actual)	Observational	1995-04-30	Completed
Change of Airway Hyperresponsiveness to Mannitol and Methacholine During Intensified Anti-inflammatory Treatment in Patients With Asthma. [NCT01725360]	Phase 4	17 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-01-31	Completed
Open Label, Randomized, 6-sequence Crossover Study to Evaluate the Drug-drug Interaction Between Montelukast Sodium and Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride in Health Male Volunteers [NCT01491503]	Phase 1	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-11-30	Completed
[NCT00491790]	Phase 2/Phase 3	52 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2006-12-31	Recruiting
Pharmacokinetics of Montelukast in Very Low Birthweight (VLBW) Preterm Infants [NCT00492102]	Phase 1	9 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-03-31	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Placebo-Controlled, Three-Treatment, Three 6-Week Period Cross-Over, Multi-Center Study to Evaluate the Effect of Adding GSK2190915 300mg as Compared to Adding Montelukast 10mg or Placebo Tablets QD to Fluticasone [NCT01248975]	Phase 2	145 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-12-31	Completed
Effect of Different Doses of Budesonide on Markers of Bone Metabolism in Children With Asthma - Randomized, Controlled Trial. [NCT00487773]	Phase 4	96 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-09-30	Completed
A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Montelukast in Maintenance Therapy of Asymptomatic Eosinophilic Esophagitis [NCT00511316]	Phase 1	41 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-08-31	Completed
A Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Randomized Trial of Montelukast in Acute Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis [NCT00524693]		51 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-01-31	Completed
Clinical Characteristics and Treatment of Chest Tightness Variant Asthma [NCT04322422]		300 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-06-01	Recruiting
Phase 3 Study of Montelukast as Prophylaxis for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Children [NCT00551382]	Phase 3	500 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2007-11-30	Recruiting
An Open Label, Balanced, Randomized, Two-treatment, Two-period, Two-sequence, Single Dose, Crossover, Oral Bioequivalence Study in Healthy, Adult, Human Subjects Under Fed Conditions. [NCT01691469]	Phase 1	31 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-01-31	Completed
Short- and Long Term Growth in Children With Asthma Treated With Budesonide or Montelukast [NCT00380484]	Phase 4	52 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-09-30	Completed
Single Centre Allergen Challenge Study of GW274150 in Mild Asthmatic Subjects [NCT00273013]	Phase 1	28 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-11-15	Completed
A Single Dose, Two-Period, Two-Treatment, Two-Way Crossover Bioequivalence Study of Montelukast Sodium 10 mg Tablets Under Fasted Conditions [NCT01659931]	Early Phase 1	34 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-02-29	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Triple-Dummy, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group, Four-Week Study Assessing the Efficacy of Fluticasone Propionate Aqueous Nasal Spray 200mcg QD Versus Montelukast 10mg QD in Adolescent and Adult Subjects With Asth [NCT00296530]	Phase 4	600 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-09-30	Completed
ACTIV-6: COVID-19 Outpatient Randomized Trial to Evaluate Efficacy of Repurposed Medications [NCT04885530]	Phase 3	15,000 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-06-08	Active, not recruiting
Data Analysis for Drug Repurposing for Effective Alzheimer's Medicines (DREAM) - Montelukast vs Fluticasone [NCT05457855]		75,678 participants (Actual)	Observational	2022-02-01	Active, not recruiting
Optimization of the Anti-Inflammatory Treatment of Asthma Patients Through Exhaled NO Measurements for Increased Asthma-Related Quality of Life in Primary Health Care (NOAK) [NCT00421018]		187 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-11-30	Completed
The Effect of Leukotriene Receptor Blockade on Endothelial Function in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients [NCT00351364]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-07-31	Terminated(stopped due to Diffic;ulty recruiting)
Effects of Montelukast on Occult Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm in Athletes [NCT00375232]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-10-31	Withdrawn
A Randomised Double Blind, Placebo Controlled 4-way Cross Over Study Comparing Montelukast, Inhaled Budesonide and Their Combination on Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction [NCT00462592]	Phase 3	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-03-31	Completed
Predicting the Bronchoprotective Response to a Leukotriene Modifier by Genetic Polymorphism [NCT00116324]	Phase 3	150 participants	Interventional	2003-04-30	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo- and Active-Controlled Crossover Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of JNJ 40929837 for the Treatment of Asthma Using a Bronchial Allergen Challenge Model [NCT01241422]	Phase 2	22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-11-30	Completed
Comparison of the Effect of Montelukast and Cetirizine on Allergic Inflammation Measured by Exhaled Nitric Oxide Concentration in Children With Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis [NCT00488176]	Phase 4	116 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2007-04-30	Recruiting
A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial of the Effect of Different Anti-Asthmatic Treatments on Lung Function and on Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction in Children With Asthma [NCT00490243]	Phase 4	150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-07-31	Completed
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Montelukast in Children, Ages 6 Through 18 Years Old, With Status Asthmaticus Unresponsive to Conventional Treatment [NCT00494572]	Phase 2/Phase 3	52 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2006-12-31	Recruiting
The Effect of Glucocorticosteroid and Vitamin D3 Administration and Montelukast Treatment on Early Clinical and Immunological Effect of Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy in Asthmatic Children, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study [NCT00504946]	Phase 3	85 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-09-30	Completed
A Pilot Study of Montelukast Sodium (Singulair) in Older Adults With Asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease [NCT00162864]	Phase 3	200 participants	Interventional	1999-12-31	Completed
Phase 2, Single-Arm Study of Iberdomide, Daratumumab, Carfilzomib, and Dexamethasone (Iber-KDd) in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma [NCT05896228]	Phase 2	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-03-01	Recruiting
Phase 4- The Role of Montelukast on Perennial Rhinitis and Associated Sleep Disturbance and Daytime Somnolence [NCT00590772]	Phase 4	31 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-05-31	Completed
A Randomized Double Blind Controlled Trial on the Effect of Montelukast Treatment in Children With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome [NCT01027806]	Phase 4	64 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-07-31	Terminated(stopped due to Poor accrual)
Effect of Montelukast on Kidney and Vascular Function in Type 1 Diabetes [NCT05498116]	Phase 4	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-01-26	Recruiting
Comparison of Asthma-related Outcomes and Costs in Pediatric Subjects That Received Fluticasone Propionate, Budesonide or Montelukast in a Large Managed Care Population [NCT01328964]		9,906 participants (Actual)	Observational	2009-06-30	Completed
Does Montelukast Decrease Post Adenotonsillectomy Pain in Children? A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02793375]	Phase 3	117 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-08-02	Active, not recruiting
Airway Responses to Montelukast and Desloratadine. [NCT00424580]		12 participants	Interventional	2007-01-31	Completed
Prospective Single-centre, Double Blind Randomised Trial of Montelukast in Patients With Chronic Cough and Bronchial Hyperreactivity [NCT00453765]	Phase 4	89 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-12-31	Completed
Childhood Asthma Research and Education (CARE) Network Trial - Montelukast or Azithromycin for Reduction of Inhaled Corticosteroids in Childhood Asthma (MARS) [NCT00471809]	Phase 4	210 participants	Interventional	2006-03-31	Terminated(stopped due to The CARE Network DSMB recommended to the NHLBI that the MARS trial be terminated, based on a futility analysis with 55 randomized children.)
Management of Asthma in School-age Children on Therapy [NCT01526161]	Phase 4	229 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-04-30	Completed
A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Three-way Crossover Study to Compare the Safety and Efficacy of 8 Days of Therapy With ONO-6950 Versus Placebo and Montelukast (Singulair®) on Asthmatic Responses and Airway Hypersensitivity Following Allergen Challenge [NCT01551147]	Phase 2	25 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-06-30	Completed
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter, Crossover Study of MK-1029 in Adult Subjects With Persistent Asthma Who Remain Uncontrolled While Being Maintained on Montelukast [NCT01624974]	Phase 2	107 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-08-09	Completed
A Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized, Parallel Groups Study to Assess the Long-Term Safety Performance of Fexofenadine Compared to Montelukast in Subjects With Asthma [NCT00045955]	Phase 3	1,200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2002-02-28	Completed
A Single Dose, Two-Period, Two-Treatment, Two-Way Crossover Bioequivalence Study of Montelukast Sodium 10 mg Tablets Under Fed Conditions [NCT01659918]	Early Phase 1	35 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-02-29	Completed
Trial of Asthma Patient Education (TAPE) [NCT00148408]	Phase 4	600 participants	Interventional	2003-12-31	Completed
Montelukast in the Treatment of Duodenal Eosinophilia in Children With Dyspepsia: Effect on Eosinophil Density and Activation in Relation to Pharmacokinetics [NCT00148603]		24 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2005-09-30	Completed
Montelukast as an Alternative or Supplementary Treatment in ENL Reaction in Leprosy [NCT00406861]		60 participants	Interventional	2006-12-31	Not yet recruiting
An Open Label, Balanced, Randomized, Two-treatment, Two-period, Two-sequence, Single Dose, Crossover, Oral Bioequivalence Study in Healthy, Adult, Human Subjects Under Fed Conditions. [NCT01671722]	Phase 1	43 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-02-28	Completed
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Parallel-Group, Study to Determine the Efficacy of Montelukast in the Treatment of Exacerbations in Asthmatic Patients Aged 2-to-5 Years [NCT00700661]	Phase 3	500 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-01-31	Completed
The Assessment of Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Role in Inhibition of Atherosclerosis, Proliferation and Its Influence on Endothelial Function in Patients Undergoing Endovascular Treatment Due to Peripheral Arterial Disease. [NCT04277702]	Phase 3	200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-05-31	Not yet recruiting
A Single-centre, Open-label, Randomised, Crossover, Drug-drug Interaction Study in Healthy Men to Investigate the Effect of a Single Dose of ASP2151 on the Pharmacokinetics of Montelukast [NCT02321748]	Phase 1	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-12-31	Completed
Comparison of Montelukast and Azelastine in Treatment of Moderate to Severe Allergic Rhinitis [NCT04561687]		66 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-01-16	Recruiting
Clinical Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Montelukast in the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) [NCT04537780]	Phase 4	44 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-08-20	Completed
A Comparison of Symbicort Single Inhaler Therapy (Symbicort Turbuhaler 160/4.5 µg, 1 Inhalation b.i.d. Plus as Needed) and Conventional Best Practice for the Treatment of Persistent Asthma in Adults - a 26-Week, Randomised, Open-Label, Parallel-Group, Mul [NCT00252863]	Phase 3	1,600 participants	Interventional	2004-12-31	Completed
Inflammatory Response to Anti Inflammatory Therapy in Children With Sleep Disordered Breathing [NCT00299910]	Phase 4	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2005-03-31	Recruiting
"Pretreatment With Albuterol vs. Montelukast in Exercise Induced Bronchospasm in Children." [NCT00273689]	Phase 4	13 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-12-31	Completed
Childhood Asthma Research and Education (CARE) Network Trial - Acute Intervention Management Strategies (AIMS) [NCT00319488]		238 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-02-29	Completed
A Single-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Two-cycle, Two-way Crossover Phase Ib Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of TQC3564 Tablets in the Treatment of Persistent Allergic Rhinitis [NCT05607446]	Phase 1	24 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-09-14	Recruiting
Bilastine and Montelukast in Patients With Seasonal Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis and Asthma: Efficacy of Concomitant Administration - the SKY Study [NCT02761252]	Phase 4	454 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-04-13	Completed
A Randomized Double-blind and Placebo-controlled Study to the Influence of Ramatroban/Montelukast Versus Montelukast/Placebo on the Early Allergic Reaction in Patients With Mild to Moderate Atopic Asthma (House Dust Mite) [NCT00311051]	Phase 2/Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-04-30	Withdrawn
A Double-blind, Randomized, Cross-over Design Study to Compare the Lung Function Measure of Montelukast Versus Placebo in Children With Mild Persistent Asthma [NCT01581710]		32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-05-31	Completed
Phase 4 Study of Effects of Montelukast Treatment on Allergic Inflammation in Children With and Without Food Allergy, Single Centered, Randomised, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Parallel Group Cross-over Study [NCT01618929]	Phase 4	113 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-03-31	Completed
A Study Comparing Measures of Ventilatory Heterogeneity (VH) in Asthma Patients [NCT01621386]	Phase 1	34 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-01-31	Completed
Open-label, Randomized, Single Dose Crossover Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Singulair (10 mg) and Xyzal (5 mg) in Free Combination and Fixed-dose Combination as HCP1102 in Healthy Male Volunteers [NCT01651481]	Phase 1	28 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-07-31	Completed
A Single Dose, Two-Period, Two-Treatment, Two-Way Crossover Bioequivalence Study of Montelukast Sodium 5 mg Chewable Tablets Under Fed Conditions [NCT01659892]	Early Phase 1	36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-08-31	Completed
A Single Dose, Two-Period, Two-Treatment, Two-Way Crossover Bioequivalence Study of Montelukast Sodium 5 mg Chewable Tablets Under Fasted Conditions [NCT01659905]	Early Phase 1	35 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-08-31	Completed
An Open Label, Balanced, Randomized, Two-treatment, Two-period, Two-sequence, Single Dose, Crossover, Oral Bioequivalence Study in Healthy, Adult, Human Subjects Under Fasting Conditions. [NCT01691456]	Phase 1	45 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-01-31	Completed
Eosinophilic Esophagitis Treatment: Montelukast vs Fluticasone [NCT01702701]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-01-31	Withdrawn
The Efficacy and Safety of Montelukast Sodium in the Prevention of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia [NCT01717625]	Phase 2	72 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-11-30	Completed
The Effects of Alvokast (Montelukast) in Patients With Chronic Cough [NCT01754220]	Phase 4	14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-03-31	Completed
A Prospective Analysis of the Use of Oral Montelukast in Children With Status Asthmaticus [NCT01770899]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-01-31	Recruiting
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Three-period Incomplete Cross Over Study to Compare the Efficacy of QAW039 Alone and in Combination With Montelukast in Patients With Allergic Rhinitis Using an Environmental Exposure Chamber [NCT01804400]	Phase 2	188 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-10-31	Completed
A Study of the Effects of the Selective CysLT1 Antagonist Montelukast on Bronchoconstriction and Airway Inflammation Induced by Inhalation of Leukotriene E4 in Subjects With Asthma [NCT01841164]		14 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-05-31	Recruiting
A Multicenter, Double- Blind, Placebo- Controlled Study of Montelukast on Gastrointestinal Tolerability in Patients With Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis Receiving Tecfidera® (Dimethyl Fumarate) Delayed Release Capsules [NCT02410278]	Phase 4	102 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-03-12	Completed
Fluticasone Propionate, Azithromycin, and Montelukast Sodium in Treating Patients With Bronchiolitis Obliterans Who Previously Underwent Stem Cell Transplant [NCT01307462]	Phase 2	36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-06-30	Completed
Study of Montelukast In ChiLdrEn With Sickle Cell Disease (SMILES) [NCT04351698]	Phase 2/Phase 3	200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-10-16	Recruiting
Montelukast for Postinfectious Cough in Adults [NCT02352545]	Phase 2	200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-08-31	Recruiting
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-over Study to Evaluate the Effect of the Leukotriene Antagonist (Singulair©) Plus Moderate Dose Beclomethasone Compared to High Dose Beclomethasone in Obese Subjects With Moderate Persistent Asthma [NCT01016847]	Phase 4	38 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-01-31	Terminated(stopped due to Unable to enroll enough study subjects. Study has been terminated)
An Open Label, Balanced, Randomized, Two-treatment, Two-period, Two-sequence, Single Dose, Crossover, Oral Bioequivalence Study in Healthy, Adult, Human Subjects Under Fasting Conditions. [NCT01674504]	Phase 1	63 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-01-31	Completed
An Open Label, Balanced, Randomized, Two-treatment, Two-period, Two-sequence, Single Dose, Crossover, Oral Bioequivalence Study in Healthy, Adult, Human Subjects Under Fasting Conditions. [NCT01671709]	Phase 1	41 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-02-28	Completed
A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Four-way Crossover Study to Compare the Safety and Efficacy of ONO-6950 20 mg and 200 mg QD Versus Placebo and Montelukast (Singulair) in Asthmatic Patients Who Experience Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction [NCT01536041]	Phase 2	59 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-03-31	Completed
A 3 Period, Double-Blind, Randomized Crossover Study to Evaluate the Effects of a Single Dose of Montelukast Compared With Placebo on Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction as Assessed by Hyperpolarized Gas Magnetic Resonance Imaging. [NCT00664937]	Phase 1	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-05-31	Completed
An Open Label, Randomised, 2-Period, 2-Treatment, 2-Sequence, Crossover, Single-Dose Bioequivalence Study of Montelukast Sodium 10mg Tablet (Test, Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd., India) Versus Singulair® (Montelukast Sodium) 10 mg Tablet (Reference, Merck & [NCT01928069]	Phase 1	0 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Potential of Montelukast to Prevent the Development of Nasal Symptomatology During Natural Viral Upper Respiratory Infections [NCT00189475]	Phase 4	84 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-10-31	Completed
Effects of Montelukast on Early Life Wheezing [NCT00115297]	Phase 2/Phase 3	62 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-09-30	Completed
Effect of Montelukast in Preventing Dengue With Warning Signs in Dengue Patients: a Multicenter Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled, Superiority Trial [NCT04673422]	Phase 2/Phase 3	358 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-01-15	Completed
Effectiveness of Montelukast Versus Intranasal Fluticasone Propionate in the Management of Allergic Rhinitis Among Children 02 to 05 Years of Age [NCT04957927]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-12-12	Recruiting
Randomized Controlled Trial of Oral Montelukast Added to Standard Therapy for Acute Asthma Exacerbations in Children Age 6 to 14 Years [NCT00353184]		27 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-09-30	Terminated(stopped due to Results of the interim analysis suggested no significant diff between study groups.)
Using Montelukast to Treat the Patients Infected With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [NCT04714515]		150 participants (Actual)	Observational	2020-02-20	Completed
Medical vs Surgical Treatment Decision in Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using Sleep Questionnaire [NCT05651750]	Phase 4	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-11-15	Recruiting
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Group Study of Once-daily Inhaled Fluticasone Furoate Inhalation Powder for Six Weeks on the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical Axis of Children Aged 5-11 Years With Asthma [NCT02483975]	Phase 3	111 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-10-09	Completed
Influence of Autoinhibition/Autoinduction and CYP2B6 Genetic Variations on CYP2B6 Activity and Drug Interactions in Healthy Volunteers [NCT02401256]	Phase 4	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-07-31	Completed
Individualized Therapy For Asthma in Toddlers [NCT01606306]	Phase 3	300 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-02-28	Completed
Value of Montelukast as a Potential Treatment of Post COVID-19 Persistent Cough: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study [NCT05447039]		64 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-09-01	Completed
An Open-Label, Phase 2 Study to Evaluate the Activity of Belumosudil in Subjects With New Onset and Incipient Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation [NCT05922761]	Phase 2	45 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-31	Not yet recruiting
A Phase 1b/2 Study to Evaluate the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Preliminary Efficacy of Isatuximab (SAR650984) in Patients Awaiting Kidney Transplantation [NCT04294459]	Phase 1/Phase 2	23 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-06-18	Terminated(stopped due to Terminated due to non-safety reasons)
Early Detection and Management of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome Following Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT03072849]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2015-04-30	Recruiting
A Phase-II, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Clinical Trial to Study the Efficacy and Safety of MK-1029 in Adult Subjects With Persistent Asthma That is Uncontrolled While Receiving Montelukast. [NCT02720081]	Phase 2	142 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-05-11	Completed
[NCT02505113]		150 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2010-10-31	Recruiting
Repurposed Use of Allergic Rhinitis and Allergic Asthma Drug to Reduce Vertigo and Hearing Loss in Meniere's Disease [NCT04815187]	Phase 4	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-03-31	Recruiting
Role of Montelukast in Preventing Relapse in Childhood Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome [NCT04818723]		106 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-02-01	Completed
Repurposing Montelukast for the Attenuation and Prophylaxis of Severe COVID-19 Symptoms: The COvid-19 Symptom MOntelukast (COSMO) Trial [NCT04389411]	Phase 2/Phase 3	250 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-11-01	Not yet recruiting
A Randomized, Open Label, Cross-Over Study Comparing Effectiveness for the Montelukast Sodium With Comparator in Mild to Moderate Persistent Asthmatics [NCT00157937]	Phase 4	31 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-02-28	Completed
ACTIV-6: COVID-19 Outpatient Randomized Trial to Evaluate Efficacy of Repurposed Medications [NCT05894577]	Phase 3	1,403 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-01-27	Active, not recruiting
A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-Blind, 4-week Crossover Trial to Investigate the Effect of a Once-Daily Combination of 500 µg Roflumilast Plus 10 mg Montelukast vs 10 mg Montelukast Alone on Pulmonary Function, Asthma Symptoms, and Inflammatory Markers in S [NCT01765192]	Phase 2	64 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-02-28	Completed
An Open Label, Randomised, 2-Period, 2-Treatment, 2-Sequence, Crossover, Single-Dose Bioequivalence Study of Montelukast Sodium 10 mg Tablet (Test, Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd., India) Versus Singulair® (Montelukast Sodium) 10 mg Tablet (Reference, Merck [NCT01928056]	Phase 1	0 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter, Parallel-Group, Adaptive-Design, Dose-Ranging Study of MK-1029 in Adult Subjects With Persistent Asthma [NCT01656395]	Phase 2	576 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-08-23	Terminated
Quality of Life in Asthma and Rhinitis Allergic With Singulair [NCT00380705]	Phase 4	91 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2005-03-18	Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Group Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Montelukast (Singulair) in Participants Ages 1 - 8 Years Diagnosed With Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Food Allergens [NCT00557284]	Phase 4	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-03-31	Completed
MK0476 Phase III Long-term Study -Perennial Allergic Rhinitis- [NCT00771160]	Phase 3	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-09-30	Completed
A Randomized Open-Label Comparative Study of Montelukast Versus Theophylline Added to Inhaled Corticosteroid in Pediatric Patients With Bronchial Asthma [NCT00756418]	Phase 4	84 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-06-01	Completed
An 8 Week Multicenter, Open-label, Observational Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Adding Montelukast Sodium 10 mg Per Day to Inhaled Corticosteroids in Adult Subjects With Uncontrolled Asthma [NCT00755794]	Phase 3	800 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-06-30	Completed
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Double-Dummy, Multicenter Study to Evaluate and Compare Oral Montelukast and Inhaled Fluticasone in the Control of Asthma for 6- to 14-Year-Olds With Mild Persistent Asthma [NCT00489346]	Phase 3	994 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-10-31	Completed
SAPS:Smoking Asthmatics Pilot Study: [NCT01696214]	Phase 4	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-10-31	Completed
Montelukast for Prevention & Treatment of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome in Freeze-all Cycles [NCT03794037]	Phase 2	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-12-05	Suspended(stopped due to no fund)
A Sequential, 3-Part, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Rising-Dose and Rising-Multiple-Dose Study in Healthy Subjects and Mild or Moderate Asthmatic Patients to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Inhaled MK-0476 [NCT00636207]	Phase 1	46 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-08-31	Completed
Clinical Study to Investigate the Possible Efficacy and Safety of Montleukast in Parkinson Disease [NCT06113640]	Phase 2/Phase 3	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-11-05	Recruiting
Double Blind Study of Leukotriene Antagonism in the Nasal Recruitment of CD49d Expressing Neutrophils in Atopic Subjects [NCT03039101]		25 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-09-06	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Triple-Dummy, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group, Four-Week Study Assessing the Efficacy of Fluticasone Propionate Aqueous Nasal Spray Versus Montelukast in Adolescents/Adults With Asthma and Seasonal Allergic Rhin [NCT00385463]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-04-30	Withdrawn
A Phase III, Open-Label Clinical Trial to Study the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of MK-0476 in Japanese Pediatric Subjects Aged 1 to 15 Years Old With Perennial Allergic Rhinitis [NCT01852812]	Phase 3	87 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-06-07	Completed
Role of Montelukast in the Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps. [NCT05143502]	Phase 1/Phase 2	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-01-01	Active, not recruiting
MOntelukast as a Potential CHondroprotective Treatment Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (MOCHA Trial) [NCT04572256]	Early Phase 1	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-02-01	Recruiting
Comparative Open-label,Randomized, Fasting, Single Dose, Two-way Crossover Bioequivalence Study of Montelukast From Asmakast 5mg Chewable Tab.(Sandoz, Egypt) & Singulair 5mg Chewable Tab.(Merck) to Healthy Adult Volunteers Conditions. [NCT02479854]	Phase 1	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Completed
The Utility of feNO in the Differential Diagnosis of Chronic Cough: The Response to Anti-inflammatory Therapy With Prednisolone and Montelukast [NCT02479074]	Phase 4	49 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-31	Completed
Clinical Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Adjunctive Use of Montelukast in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients [NCT05447520]	Phase 2	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-07-15	Recruiting
Effects of BMS-986142 on the Single-dose Pharmacokinetics of Methotrexate and Probe Substrates Montelukast (CYP2C8), Flurbiprofen (CYP2C9), Midazolam (CYP3A4), Digoxin (P-gp), and Pravastatin (OATP1B1) in Healthy Subjects [NCT02456844]	Phase 1	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-05-31	Completed
Role of Montelukast in Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis Patients [NCT03380975]	Phase 4	600 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-08-28	Completed
An Open-label, Randomised, Single Dose, Three-Way Crossover, Six Sequence, Pilot Study to Determine the Relative Bioavailability of Montelukast Sodium 5mg From Two Candidate Chewable Tablet Formulations of GW483100 Relative to One 5mg Chewable Tablet of R [NCT02322671]	Phase 1	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-02-23	Completed
A Trial of Montelukast for Maintenance Therapy of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Children [NCT01458418]		4 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-12-31	Terminated(stopped due to Inability to complete enrollment due to difficulty in finding subjects)
A Phase III Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial to Prospectively Evaluate Efficacy of Montelukast in Patients Aged 6 Months to 5 Years With Chronic Asthma [NCT00540839]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-11-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to Based on input from regulatory agencies, it is not necessary to conduct this study. An ongoing study was sufficient for regulatory purposes.)
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Study Comparing the Clinical Effects of Intravenous Montelukast With Placebo in Patients With Acute Asthma [NCT00092989]	Phase 3	650 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-07-31	Completed
An Open Label, Balanced, Randomized, Two-treatment, Two-period, Two-sequence, Single Dose, Crossover, Oral Bioequivalence Study in Healthy, Adult, Human Subjects Under Fed Conditions. [NCT01674517]	Phase 1	35 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-02-28	Completed
A Phase III, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Cross-over Clinical Trial to Study the Efficacy and Safety of MK-0476 in Japanese Pediatric Subjects With Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis [NCT01857063]	Phase 3	220 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-06-10	Completed
Safety and Efficacy of Montelukast + Loratadine vs. Montelukast for the Control of Mild to Moderate Persistent Asthma in Children: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT03372473]	Phase 3	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-10	Completed
A Randomized, Open Label, Single Dose, Two-way Crossover Clinical Trial to Investigate the Pharmacokinetics and Safety/Tolerability of HCP1102 in Comparison to HGP0813 and HGP1408 Administered in Healthy Male Volunteers [NCT03371849]	Phase 1	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-07-19	Completed
Phase 4 Study of Oral Montelukast Hospitalized Preschool Children [NCT03369119]	Phase 4	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-08-31	Completed
TEAM (Trial on Efficacy and Quality of Life Among Asthmatic Patient With Montelukast) [NCT03096327]	Phase 4	180 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-05-01	Completed
Population Pharmacokinetics of Montelukast in Infants and Children [NCT03238560]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2016-10-01	Recruiting
Phase 2 Study of Montelukast for the Treatment of Sickle Cell Anemia (Also Known as the Montelukast Trial in Sickle Cell Anemia) [NCT01960413]	Phase 2	46 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-11-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Trial	Outcome
NCT00090142 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Requiring ß-Agonist Rescue Medication After Exercise Challenge at 12 Hours Postdose
NCT00090142 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Requiring ß-Agonist Rescue Medication After Exercise Challenge at 24 Hours Postdose
NCT00090142 (12) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve for FEV1 Percent Change From Preexercise Baseline During the 60 Minutes Following Exercise Challenge (AUC 0-60 Min) at 12 Hours Postdose
NCT00090142 (12) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve for FEV1 Percent Change From Preexercise Baseline During the 60 Minutes Following Exercise Challenge (AUC 0-60 Min) at 2 Hours Postdose
NCT00090142 (12) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve for FEV1 Percent Change From Preexercise Baseline During the 60 Minutes Following Exercise Challenge (AUC 0-60min) at 24 Hours Postdose
NCT00090142 (12) [back to overview]	Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 12 Hours Postdose Compared With Pre-exercise Baseline in Patients With EIB
NCT00090142 (12) [back to overview]	Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 2 Hours Post-dose Compared With Pre-exercise Baseline in Patients With Exercise-induced Bronchospasm (EIB)
NCT00090142 (12) [back to overview]	Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 24 Hours Postdose Compared With Pre-exercise Baseline in Patients With EIB
NCT00090142 (12) [back to overview]	Time to Recovery From Maximum Percentage Decrease in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 12 Hours Postdose
NCT00090142 (12) [back to overview]	Time to Recovery From Maximum Percentage Decrease in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 2 Hours Postdose
NCT00090142 (12) [back to overview]	Time to Recovery From Maximum Percentage Decrease in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 24 Hours Postdose
NCT00090142 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Requiring ß-Agonist Rescue Medication After Exercise Challenge at 2 Hours Postdose
NCT00092118 (3) [back to overview]	Patient's Global Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis at the End of the 6 Week Treatment Period
NCT00092118 (3) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Nasal Symptoms Score Averaged Over the 6-week Treatment Period in Patients With Perennial Allergic Rhinitis
NCT00092118 (3) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality-of-life Questionnaire (RQLQ) Overall Score After the 6 Week Treatment Period
NCT00092131 (12) [back to overview]	Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 2 Hours Postdose Compared With Pre-exercise Baseline in Patients With Exercise-induced Bronchospasm (EIB)
NCT00092131 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Requiring ß-Agonist Rescue Medication After Exercise Challenge at 24 Hours Postdose
NCT00092131 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Requiring ß-Agonist Rescue Medication After Exercise Challenge at 12 Hours Postdose
NCT00092131 (12) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve for FEV1 Percent Change From Preexercise Baseline During the 60 Minutes Following Exercise Challenge (AUC 0-60min) at 24 Hours Postdose
NCT00092131 (12) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve for FEV1 Percent Change From Preexercise Baseline During the 60 Minutes Following Exercise Challenge (AUC 0-60min) at 2 Hours Postdose
NCT00092131 (12) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve for FEV1 Percent Change From Preexercise Baseline During the 60 Minutes Following Exercise Challenge (AUC 0-60min) at 12 Hours Postdose
NCT00092131 (12) [back to overview]	Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 12 Hours Postdose Compared With Pre-exercise Baseline in Patients With Exercise-induced Bronchospasm (EIB)
NCT00092131 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Requiring ß-Agonist Rescue Medication After Exercise Challenge at 2 Hours Postdose
NCT00092131 (12) [back to overview]	Time to Recovery From Maximum Percentage Decrease in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 24 Hours Postdose
NCT00092131 (12) [back to overview]	Time to Recovery From Maximum Percentage Decrease in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 2 Hours Postdose
NCT00092131 (12) [back to overview]	Time to Recovery From Maximum Percentage Decrease in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 12 Hours Postdose
NCT00092131 (12) [back to overview]	Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 24 Hours Postdose Compared With Pre-exercise Baseline in Patients With Exercise-induced Bronchospasm (EIB)
NCT00115297 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Wheezing-free Days of Infant (Observed by Primary Caregiver)
NCT00115297 (3) [back to overview]	The Number of Participants Requiring Rescue Beta Agonist Use
NCT00115297 (3) [back to overview]	Wheezing at Day 7
NCT00117338 (7) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Treatment Failure (Hospitalization or Time to Decision to Discharge > 2 Hours)
NCT00117338 (7) [back to overview]	Time-Weighted Average Change in FEV1 Over 45 Minutes Following the End of Study Drug Administration
NCT00117338 (7) [back to overview]	Time-Weighted Average Change in FEV1 Over 30 Minutes Following the End of Study Drug Administration
NCT00117338 (7) [back to overview]	Improvement in FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second) Over the First 60 Minutes After Administration
NCT00117338 (7) [back to overview]	Change in FEV1 After 15 Minutes Following the End of Study Drug Administration
NCT00117338 (7) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Modified Pulmonary Index [mPI] Score
NCT00117338 (7) [back to overview]	Total Dose of β-agonist Administered Per Patient Over a Period of 2 Hours Following the End of Study Drug Administration
NCT00119015 (5) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) Over 2 Week Randomized Treatment Period
NCT00119015 (5) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Stuffy Nose Symptom Score Over 2 Week Randomized Treatment Period
NCT00119015 (5) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Sneezing Symptom Score Over 2 Week Randomized Treatment Period
NCT00119015 (5) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Runny Nose Symptom Score Over 2 Week Randomized Treatment Period
NCT00119015 (5) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Other Symptom Score Over 2 Week Randomized Treatment Period
NCT00127166 (5) [back to overview]	Maximum FEV1 % Predicted Following First Beta-agonist Use
NCT00127166 (5) [back to overview]	Maximum Post-exercise Percent (%) Fall in FEV1
NCT00127166 (5) [back to overview]	Time to Recovery to Within 5% of Baseline FEV1
NCT00127166 (5) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve for %-Change From Pre-exercise Baseline FEV1 in Liters (L), From 0 to 20 Minutes (AUC(0-20))
NCT00127166 (5) [back to overview]	Average (Avg) %-Change in FEV1 After First Beta (β)-Agonist Use and Prior to Second β-agonist Use
NCT00156819 (1) [back to overview]	Treatment Failure
NCT00189462 (1) [back to overview]	Incidence of Acute Otitis Media
NCT00189475 (1) [back to overview]	Nasal Secretion Weights
NCT00229970 (1) [back to overview]	The Time-weighted Average of Change in Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1)
NCT00245570 (12) [back to overview]	Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 8.5 Hours Post-dose in Patients With EIB
NCT00245570 (12) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve for FEV1 Percent Change From Preexercise Baseline During the 60 Minutes Following Exercise Challenge (AUC 0-60 Min) at 2 Hours Postdose
NCT00245570 (12) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve for FEV1 Percent Change From Preexercise Baseline During the 60 Minutes Following Exercise Challenge (AUC 0-60 Min) at 24 Hours Postdose
NCT00245570 (12) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve for FEV1 Percent Change From Preexercise Baseline During the 60 Minutes Following Exercise Challenge (AUC 0-60 Min) at 8.5 Hours Postdose
NCT00245570 (12) [back to overview]	Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 24 Hours Post-dose in Patients With EIB
NCT00245570 (12) [back to overview]	Maximum Percent Fall in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) After Exercise Challenge at 2 Hours Post-dose in Patients With Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB)
NCT00245570 (12) [back to overview]	Time to Recovery From Maximum Percentage Decrease in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 2 Hours Postdose
NCT00245570 (12) [back to overview]	Time to Recovery From Maximum Percentage Decrease in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 8.5 Hours Postdose
NCT00245570 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Requiring β-Agonist Rescue Medication After Exercise Challenge at 2 Hours Postdose
NCT00245570 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Requiring β-Agonist Rescue Medication After Exercise Challenge at 24 Hours Postdose
NCT00245570 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Requiring β-Agonist Rescue Medication After Exercise Challenge at 8.5 Hours Postdose
NCT00245570 (12) [back to overview]	Time to Recovery From Maximum Percentage Decrease in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 24 Hours Postdose
NCT00284856 (3) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Average Morning (AM) PEFR (Peak Expiratory Flow Rate) Over a 6-month Treatment Period
NCT00284856 (3) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Mean Daytime Symptom Score Over a 6-month Treatment Period
NCT00284856 (3) [back to overview]	Percentage of Asthma-control Days Over the 6-month Treatment Period
NCT00289874 (2) [back to overview]	"Percent Change From Baseline in Mean Daily as Needed β-agonist Use Over the 3-week Treatment Period"
NCT00289874 (2) [back to overview]	Percent Change From Baseline in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) at Week 3
NCT00295022 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Total Symptom Complex (TSC) Score Over Period I
NCT00295022 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the MSC Score Over the Total Treatment Period (Period I + Period II + Period III)
NCT00295022 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Total Symptom Complex (TSC) Score Over Period II
NCT00295022 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Total Symptom Complex (TSC) Score Over Period III
NCT00295022 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Total Symptom Complex (TSC) Score Over the Total Treatment Period (Period I + Period II + Period III)
NCT00295022 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the TSC Score + Nasal Congestion Score Over Period I
NCT00295022 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the TSC Score + Nasal Congestion Score Over Period II
NCT00295022 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the TSC Score + Nasal Congestion Score Over Period III
NCT00295022 (26) [back to overview]	Global Satisfaction of the Subjects at the End of Period III
NCT00295022 (26) [back to overview]	Onset of Action During Period I
NCT00295022 (26) [back to overview]	Intensity of Action From Baseline in the MSC Score Over Period I
NCT00295022 (26) [back to overview]	Percentage of Subjects, at the End of Period III Who Are Willing to Take the Same Medication During the Next Pollen Season
NCT00295022 (26) [back to overview]	Time to First Feeling of Improvement During Period I
NCT00295022 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Individual Symptom Scores Over Period I
NCT00295022 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Major Symptom Complex (MSC) Score Over Period I
NCT00295022 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the MSC Score Over Period II
NCT00295022 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the MSC Score Over Period III
NCT00295022 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Individual Symptom Scores Over Period II
NCT00295022 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the TSC Score + Nasal Congestion Score Over the Total Treatment Period (Period I + Period II + Period III)
NCT00295022 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Individual Symptom Scores Over the Total Treatment Period (Period I + Period II + Period III)
NCT00295022 (26) [back to overview]	Variability of Action From Baseline in the MSC Score Over Period III
NCT00295022 (26) [back to overview]	Variability of Action From Baseline in the MSC Score Over Period II
NCT00295022 (26) [back to overview]	Variability of Action From Baseline in the MSC Score Over Period I
NCT00295022 (26) [back to overview]	Intensity of Action From Baseline in the MSC Score Over Period III
NCT00295022 (26) [back to overview]	Intensity of Action From Baseline in the MSC Score Over Period II
NCT00295022 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Individual Symptom Scores Over Period III
NCT00296491 (10) [back to overview]	Rhinitis: Mean Change From Baseline at 1-2 Weeks in Nightime Total Nasal Symptom Scores (N-TNSS)
NCT00296491 (10) [back to overview]	Rhinitis: Mean Change From Baseline at 1-2 Weeks in Daytime Total Nasal Symptom Scores (D-TNNS).
NCT00296491 (10) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline at Endpoint in Morning Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) for Per Protocol Population
NCT00296491 (10) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline at Endpoint in Morning Peak Expiration Flow (PEF) for Intent-to-Treat Population
NCT00296491 (10) [back to overview]	Asthma: Mean Change From Baseline at Endpoint in Predose Morning Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1) for Per Protocol Population
NCT00296491 (10) [back to overview]	Asthma: Mean Change From Baseline at Endpoint in Predose Morning Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1) for Intent-to-Treat Population
NCT00296491 (10) [back to overview]	Asthma: Mean Change From Baseline at Endpoint in Percentage of Asthma Symptom-Free Days for Per Protocol Population
NCT00296491 (10) [back to overview]	Asthma: Mean Change From Baseline at Endpoint in Percentage of Albuterol/Salbutamol-Free Days for Per Protocol Population
NCT00296491 (10) [back to overview]	Asthma: Mean Change From Baseline at Endpoint in Percentage of Albuterol-Salbutamol Free Days for Intent-to-Treat Population
NCT00296491 (10) [back to overview]	Asthma: Mean Change From Baseline at Endpoint in Percentage of Asthma Symptom-Free Days for Intent-to-Treat Population
NCT00337675 (3) [back to overview]	Daily Average of the Mean Symptom Scores (Wheeze, Difficulty Breathing, Interference With Activity, and Daytime Cough) Assessed Over the 12-day Treatment Period of Asthma Episodes
NCT00337675 (3) [back to overview]	Daily Average of Wheeze and Difficulty Breathing in the 3 Days Prior to Start of an Asthma Attack Within an Asthma Episode
NCT00337675 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Asthma Episodes Culminating in Asthma Attack Over the 1-year Treatment Period
NCT00359073 (3) [back to overview]	Peak Viral Shedding
NCT00359073 (3) [back to overview]	Sputum Eosinophil Count
NCT00359073 (3) [back to overview]	Mean Asthma Symptom Score
NCT00379808 (6) [back to overview]	Triglycerides
NCT00379808 (6) [back to overview]	Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist (IL1ra)
NCT00379808 (6) [back to overview]	High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein
NCT00379808 (6) [back to overview]	High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-Cholesterol
NCT00379808 (6) [back to overview]	Epithelial Cell-derived Neutrophil-activating Peptide 78 (ENA-78)
NCT00379808 (6) [back to overview]	Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 (MCP-1)
NCT00394355 (4) [back to overview]	Summary of Change From Baseline to Endpoint in FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second).
NCT00394355 (4) [back to overview]	Mean Percent Change in the Left Total Femur From the Averaged Baseline Value to the Averaged Value at the Endpoint of Treatment Time Point
NCT00394355 (4) [back to overview]	Mean Percent Change in the Femoral Neck BMD From the Averaged Baseline Value to the Averaged Value at the Endpoint of Treatment Time Point
NCT00394355 (4) [back to overview]	Mean Percent Change in Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density (BMD) From the Averaged Baseline Value to the Endpoint of Treatment Time Point
NCT00395304 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Post-bronchodilator FEV1 Percent Predicted
NCT00395304 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Logarithm Base 2 of the Methacholine PC20
NCT00395304 (14) [back to overview]	The Number of Participants With a Differential Response to the Three Step-up Therapies Based on Fixed Threshold Criteria for the Following Three Asthma Control Measures: Use of Oral Prednisone for Acute Asthma Exacerbations, Asthma Control Days and FEV1.
NCT00395304 (14) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Asthma Exacerbations
NCT00395304 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Pre-bronchodilator Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) % Predicted
NCT00395304 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Natural Logarithm of Exhaled Nitric Oxide (eNO)
NCT00395304 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Pre-bronchodilator Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1) % Predicted
NCT00395304 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Morning Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) % Predicted
NCT00395304 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Pre-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC Ratio
NCT00395304 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) Variability
NCT00395304 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Impulse Oscillometry Resistance at 5 Hertz
NCT00395304 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Evening Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) % Predicted
NCT00395304 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Asthma Control Test (ACT)
NCT00395304 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Asthma Quality of Life
NCT00442338 (1) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1) Within the First 60 Minutes After Administration
NCT00442559 (2) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline for Daytime Asthma Symptom Score
NCT00442559 (2) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline for Daily Allergic Rhinitis Symptom Score
NCT00461032 (4) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With the Occurrence of One or More Health Care Utilizations (as Measured on Daily Diaries)
NCT00461032 (4) [back to overview]	Percentage of Days With Increased β-agonist Use by >70% and a Minimum Increase of 2 Puffs From Baseline (as Measured on Daily Diaries) in Pediatric Asthmatic Participants
NCT00461032 (4) [back to overview]	Mean Percentage of Days With Worsening Asthma (as Measured on Daily Diaries) in Pediatric Asthmatic Participants
NCT00461032 (4) [back to overview]	Percentage of Days With Increased Daytime Asthma Symptom Score by >50% From Baseline (as Measured on Daily Diaries) in Pediatric Asthmatic Participants
NCT00534976 (8) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve for FEV1 Percent Fall From Pre-exercise Baseline to 60 Minutes Following Exercise Challenge (AUC0-60 Min) at 2 Hours Post-dose
NCT00534976 (8) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve for FEV1 Percent Fall From Pre-exercise Baseline to 60 Minutes Following Exercise Challenge (AUC0-60 Min) at 24 Hours Post-dose
NCT00534976 (8) [back to overview]	Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 24 Hours Post-dose
NCT00534976 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Requiring Rescue Medication at 2 Hours Postdose
NCT00534976 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Requiring Rescue Medication at 24 Hours Postdose
NCT00534976 (8) [back to overview]	Time to Recovery From Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 at 2 Hours Post-dose
NCT00534976 (8) [back to overview]	Time to Recovery From Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 at 24 Hours Post-dose
NCT00534976 (8) [back to overview]	Maximum Percent Fall in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) After Exercise Challenge at 2 Hours Postdose
NCT00545844 (6) [back to overview]	The Mean Change in Mini Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (MiniRQLQ) Overall Score
NCT00545844 (6) [back to overview]	Asthma Control
NCT00545844 (6) [back to overview]	Patient Global Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms Assessment
NCT00545844 (6) [back to overview]	Patient Global Satisfaction
NCT00545844 (6) [back to overview]	Physician Global Satisfaction
NCT00545844 (6) [back to overview]	Effectiveness of Montelukast Therapy Used in Combination With Inhaled Corticosteroids or Inhaled Corticosteroids / Long-Acting Beta 2-Agonist in Improving the Symptoms of Asthma Using the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ)
NCT00557284 (8) [back to overview]	Mean Change in Pruritus
NCT00557284 (8) [back to overview]	Mean Change in Serum IgE Levels
NCT00557284 (8) [back to overview]	Mean Change in Weekly Use of Rescue Medication for AD Flare-up - Cetirizine and/or 10% Hydrocortisone Cream
NCT00557284 (8) [back to overview]	Mean Change in Serum and Urinary Inflammatory Marker Levels
NCT00557284 (8) [back to overview]	Change in Percentage of Body Involvement
NCT00557284 (8) [back to overview]	Mean Change in (Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale) GSRS
NCT00557284 (8) [back to overview]	Mean Change in Investigator Global Assessment (IGA)
NCT00557284 (8) [back to overview]	Mean Change in PADC (Caregivers Perception of Disease Control)
NCT00590772 (1) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Fatigue and Daytime Sleepiness at 2 Weeks
NCT00636207 (12) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve From 0 to 24 Hours (AUC 0-24hr) of Montelukast - Single Dose
NCT00636207 (12) [back to overview]	Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Montelukast - Single Dose
NCT00636207 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Discontinued Study Drug Due to an Adverse Event
NCT00636207 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Experienced At Least One Adverse Event
NCT00636207 (12) [back to overview]	Time to Cmax (Tmax) of Montelukast - Single Dose
NCT00636207 (12) [back to overview]	AUC 0-24hr Accumulation Ratio of Montelukast - Multiple Doses
NCT00636207 (12) [back to overview]	AUC 0-24hr of Montelukast - Multiple Doses
NCT00636207 (12) [back to overview]	Tmax of Montelukast - Multiple Doses
NCT00636207 (12) [back to overview]	Cmax Accumulation Ratio of Montelukast - Multiple Doses
NCT00636207 (12) [back to overview]	Apparent Terminal Half Life (t1/2) of Montelukast - Single Dose
NCT00636207 (12) [back to overview]	Cmax of Montelukast - Multiple Doses
NCT00636207 (12) [back to overview]	t1/2 of Montelukast - Multiple Doses
NCT00656058 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Stable or Improved Predicted Forced Expiratory Volume 1 (FEV-1) With Published Literature
NCT00656058 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Improved, Stable or Declined Forced Expiratory Volume 1 (FEV-1) Slope at 6 Months
NCT00656058 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Adverse Events
NCT00656058 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Non-Infected Participants at Baseline With Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor Expression on Cluster of Differentiation (CD4) and CD8 T Cells, Granulocytes, and Eosinophils in Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) Fluid
NCT00656058 (6) [back to overview]	Forced Expiratory Volume 1 (FEV-1)/Vital Capacity (VC)
NCT00656058 (6) [back to overview]	Percentage Overall 2-Year Survival
NCT00666679 (8) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Daytime Asthma Symptom Score
NCT00666679 (8) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume; Volume of Air That is Exhaled During the First Second of a Forced Exhalation)
NCT00666679 (8) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume; Volume of Air That is Exhaled During the First Second of a Forced Exhalation) in Patients Who Met Lung Function Eligibility Criteria Specifically at the Randomization Visit.
NCT00666679 (8) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Nighttime Asthma Symptom Score
NCT00666679 (8) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Total Daily β-agonist Use
NCT00666679 (8) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Total Peripheral Blood Eosinophils
NCT00666679 (8) [back to overview]	Percentage of Days With Asthma Control
NCT00666679 (8) [back to overview]	Percentage of Days With Asthma Exacerbations
NCT00712335 (7) [back to overview]	Sputum RANTES Levels
NCT00712335 (7) [back to overview]	Sputum Eosinophil Percentages
NCT00712335 (7) [back to overview]	Sputum IL-8 Levels
NCT00712335 (7) [back to overview]	Sputum Neutrophil Percentages
NCT00712335 (7) [back to overview]	Sputum IFN-gamma/IL-5 Ratios
NCT00712335 (7) [back to overview]	Sputum GM-CSF Levels
NCT00712335 (7) [back to overview]	Sputum Eotaxin Levels
NCT00739297 (4) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in FEV1 Over 90 Minutes After Albuterol/Placebo Administration
NCT00739297 (4) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in FEV1 Over 4 Hours
NCT00739297 (4) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in FEV1 at 8 Hours After Treatment With Montelukast
NCT00739297 (4) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in FEV1 at 24 Hours After Treatment With Montelukast
NCT00832455 (5) [back to overview]	Physician Global Satisfaction
NCT00832455 (5) [back to overview]	Patient Global Satisfaction
NCT00832455 (5) [back to overview]	Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ)
NCT00832455 (5) [back to overview]	Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ)
NCT00832455 (5) [back to overview]	Pediatric Asthma Caregiver's Quality of Life Questionnaire (PACQLQ)
NCT00863317 (1) [back to overview]	Duration of Cough
NCT00903357 (3) [back to overview]	Changes in SCORAD Index
NCT00903357 (3) [back to overview]	Changes in Urinary EDN
NCT00903357 (3) [back to overview]	Changes in Urinary LTE4
NCT00911547 (5) [back to overview]	Mean Percent Change From Baseline in Total Daily Beta-agonist Medication Use
NCT00911547 (5) [back to overview]	Mean Percent Change From Baseline in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) in Patients With Chronic Asthma
NCT00911547 (5) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Nocturnal Asthma Score on the Overnight Asthma Symptoms Diary in Nocturnal Asthmatic Patients Only
NCT00911547 (5) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Morning Peak Flow Rate (PEFR) in Patients With Chronic Asthma
NCT00911547 (5) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Symptom Score on the Daytime Asthma Symptoms Diary in Patients With Chronic Asthma
NCT00943397 (1) [back to overview]	Number of Clinical Adverse Experiences (CAEs) Reported by Patients With up to 52 Weeks of Treatment
NCT00943683 (1) [back to overview]	Number of Clinical Adverse Experiences (CAEs) Reported by Patients During the 6-weeks of Treatment
NCT00960141 (6) [back to overview]	Patient's Global Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis
NCT00960141 (6) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Eye Symptoms Score
NCT00960141 (6) [back to overview]	Physician's Global Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis
NCT00960141 (6) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Nasal Symptoms Score
NCT00960141 (6) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Nighttime Symptoms Score
NCT00960141 (6) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality-of-Life Score
NCT00963469 (7) [back to overview]	Patient's Global Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis After First 2 Weeks of Treatment
NCT00963469 (7) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Composite Symptoms Score (Daytime Nasal and Nighttime Symptoms) Over First 2 Weeks of Treatment Period
NCT00963469 (7) [back to overview]	Physician's Global Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis After First 2 Weeks of Treatment
NCT00963469 (7) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Nighttime Symptoms Score Over First 2 Weeks of Treatment Period
NCT00963469 (7) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality-of-Life Score After First 2 Weeks of Treatment Period
NCT00963469 (7) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Nasal Symptoms Score Over First 2 Weeks of Treatment Period
NCT00963469 (7) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Eye Symptoms Score Over First 2 Weeks of Treatment Period
NCT00963599 (12) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Nasal Congestion Upon Awakening
NCT00963599 (12) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Sneezing Score
NCT00963599 (12) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Rhinorrhea Score
NCT00963599 (12) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Nasal Symptoms Score
NCT00963599 (12) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Nasal Itching Score
NCT00963599 (12) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Nasal Congestion Score
NCT00963599 (12) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Eye Symptoms Score
NCT00963599 (12) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Composite Symptoms Score (Daytime Nasal and Nighttime Symptoms)
NCT00963599 (12) [back to overview]	Patient's Global Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis
NCT00963599 (12) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality-of-Life Score
NCT00963599 (12) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Nighttime Symptoms Score
NCT00963599 (12) [back to overview]	Physician's Global Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis
NCT00968149 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to LAEs
NCT00968149 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Laboratory Adverse Experiences (LAEs)
NCT00968149 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Drug-related LAEs
NCT00968149 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Drug-related CAEs
NCT00968149 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Clinical Adverse Experiences (CAEs)
NCT00968149 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to CAEs
NCT00968149 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Serious LAEs
NCT00968149 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Serious CAEs
NCT00968201 (27) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to Drug-related CAEs - Base Study
NCT00968201 (27) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to CAEs - Extension
NCT00968201 (27) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to CAEs - Base Study
NCT00968201 (27) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to LAEs - Extension
NCT00968201 (27) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to Serious CAEs - Base Study
NCT00968201 (27) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Serious LAEs - Extension
NCT00968201 (27) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to Serious CAEs - Extension
NCT00968201 (27) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to Serious Drug-related CAEs - Extension
NCT00968201 (27) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Clinical Adverse Experiences (CAE) Reported by Patients - Base Study
NCT00968201 (27) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to Serious LAEs - Extension
NCT00968201 (27) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to Serious Drug-related LAEs - Extension
NCT00968201 (27) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Clinical Adverse Experiences (CAE) Reported by Patients - Extension
NCT00968201 (27) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Drug-related CAEs Reported by Patients - Base Study
NCT00968201 (27) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to Drug-related LAEs - Extension
NCT00968201 (27) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to Drug-related CAEs - Extension
NCT00968201 (27) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to Drug-related LAEs - Base Study
NCT00968201 (27) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Laboratory Adverse Experiences (LAEs) - Base Study
NCT00968201 (27) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Serious Drug-related Laboratory Adverse Experiences (LAEs) - Extension
NCT00968201 (27) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Serious Drug-related CAEs Reported by Patients - Extension
NCT00968201 (27) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Serious Drug-related CAEs Reported by Patients - Base Study
NCT00968201 (27) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Serious CAEs Reported by Patients - Extension
NCT00968201 (27) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Serious CAEs Reported by Patients - Base Study
NCT00968201 (27) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Laboratory Adverse Experiences (LAEs) - Extension
NCT00968201 (27) [back to overview]	Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to LAEs - Base Study
NCT00968201 (27) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Drug-related Laboratory Adverse Experiences (LAEs) - Extension
NCT00968201 (27) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Drug-related Laboratory Adverse Experiences (LAEs) - Base Study
NCT00968201 (27) [back to overview]	Number of Patients With Drug-related CAEs Reported by Patients - Extension
NCT00972738 (6) [back to overview]	Patient's Global Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis at the End of the 2-week Treatment Period
NCT00972738 (6) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality-of-Life Score After the 2-week Treatment Period
NCT00972738 (6) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Nighttime Symptoms Score Over the 2-week Treatment Period
NCT00972738 (6) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Nasal Symptoms Score Over the 2-week Treatment Period
NCT00972738 (6) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Eye Symptoms Score Over the 2-week Treatment Period
NCT00972738 (6) [back to overview]	Physician's Global Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis at the End of the 2-week Treatment Period
NCT00974571 (5) [back to overview]	Physician's Global Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis
NCT00974571 (5) [back to overview]	Patient's Global Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis
NCT00974571 (5) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Nighttime Symptoms Score
NCT00974571 (5) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Composite Symptoms Score
NCT00974571 (5) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Nasal Symptoms Score
NCT00979901 (6) [back to overview]	Patient's Global Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis at Week 2
NCT00979901 (6) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality-of-life Questionnaire (RQLQ) Overall Score at Week 2
NCT00979901 (6) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Nighttime Symptoms Score Over 2 Weeks
NCT00979901 (6) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Nasal Symptoms Score Over 2 Weeks
NCT00979901 (6) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Eye Symptoms Score Over 2 Weeks
NCT00979901 (6) [back to overview]	Physician's Global Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis at Week 2
NCT01061333 (8) [back to overview]	Change in Plasma 9α-11β-PGF2 (9P) at 5 Minutes
NCT01061333 (8) [back to overview]	Change in Plasma 9P at 20 Minutes
NCT01061333 (8) [back to overview]	Change in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1)
NCT01061333 (8) [back to overview]	Allergen-induced Concentrations of Sputum LTE4
NCT01061333 (8) [back to overview]	Allergen-induced Concentrations of Sputum LTD4
NCT01061333 (8) [back to overview]	Allergen-induced Concentrations of Sputum LTC4
NCT01061333 (8) [back to overview]	Allergen-induced Changes in Urinary Leukotriene (LT) E4
NCT01061333 (8) [back to overview]	Allergen-induced Changes in Urinary 9P
NCT01089647 (1) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With a Decrease in the Number of Apnea and/or Hypopnea Events to <5 Per Hour of Sleep
NCT01103349 (2) [back to overview]	Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1) % Predicted Trough Change From Baseline (Mean Observed in the 2 Weeks Prior to Treatment) After Six Weeks of Treatment
NCT01103349 (2) [back to overview]	Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) Mean Change in Score on a Scale From Baseline After Six Weeks of Treatment
NCT01147744 (12) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Day-time Rescue Short Acting beta2-agonist (SABA) Usage Over the 8-Week Treatment Period
NCT01147744 (12) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Night-time Asthma Symptom Score Over the 8-Week Treatment Period
NCT01147744 (12) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in the Percentage of Symptom-free Days Averaged Over the 8-Week Treatment Period
NCT01147744 (12) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in the Percentage of Rescue-free Days Averaged Over the 8-Week Treatment Period
NCT01147744 (12) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in the Percentage of Rescue-free Nights Averaged Over the 8-Week Treatment Period
NCT01147744 (12) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in the Percentage of Symptom-free Nights Averaged Over the 8-Week Treatment Period
NCT01147744 (12) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline to the End of the 8-Week Treatment Period in Trough Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1)
NCT01147744 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Withdrew Due to Lack of Efficacy During the 8-Week Treatment Period
NCT01147744 (12) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Night-time Rescue SABA Usage Over the 8-Week Treatment Period
NCT01147744 (12) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Daily Evening (PM) Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) Averaged Over the 8-Week Treatment Period
NCT01147744 (12) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Daily Trough AM PEF Averaged Over the 8-Week Treatment Period
NCT01147744 (12) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in Day-time Asthma Symptom Score Over the 8-Week Treatment Period
NCT01156792 (12) [back to overview]	Percentage of Symptom-free Nights During the Last 3 Weeks of the 6 Week Treatment Period
NCT01156792 (12) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Withdrawn Due to Lack of Efficacy During the Last 3 Weeks of the 6-week Treatment Period
NCT01156792 (12) [back to overview]	Trough (AM Pre-dose and Pre-rescue Bronchodilator) Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) at the End of the 6-week Treatment Period
NCT01156792 (12) [back to overview]	Percentage of Nights Without Awakenings Due to Asthma During the Last 3 Weeks of the 6-week Treatment Period
NCT01156792 (12) [back to overview]	Daily Trough (Morning Pre-dose and Pre-rescue Bronchodilator) Morning Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) Averaged Over the Last 3 Weeks of the 6-week Treatment Period
NCT01156792 (12) [back to overview]	Percentage of Rescue-free Days During the Last 3 Weeks of the 6-week Treatment Period
NCT01156792 (12) [back to overview]	Percentage of Rescue-free Nights During the Last 3 Weeks of the 6-week Treatment Period
NCT01156792 (12) [back to overview]	Percentage of Symptom-free Days During the Last 3 Weeks of the 6-week Treatment Period
NCT01156792 (12) [back to overview]	Daily Rescue Short-acting beta2-agonist (SABA) Use Averaged Over the Last 3 Weeks of the 6-week Treatment Period
NCT01156792 (12) [back to overview]	Daily Evening PEF Averaged Over the Last 3 Weeks of the 6-week Treatment Period
NCT01156792 (12) [back to overview]	Daily Asthma Symptom Score Averaged Over the Last 3 Weeks of the 6-week Treatment Period
NCT01156792 (12) [back to overview]	Daily (Average of Morning and Evening) PEF Averaged Over the Last 3 Weeks of the 6 -Week Treatment Period Between GSK2190915 and Montelukast Groups
NCT01307462 (9) [back to overview]	Changes in Symptoms as Measured by Patient Self-report--Short Form-36 (SF-36)
NCT01307462 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Subjects Who Experienced Grade 3-5 SAEs Attributable to FAM and Number of Subjects Who Stopped FAM as a Result
NCT01307462 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Subjects Who Failed Treatment
NCT01307462 (9) [back to overview]	Changes in Symptoms as Measured by Patient Self-report--Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACT)
NCT01307462 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Subjects Were Able to Reduce Their Systemic Steroid Exposure by >=50%
NCT01307462 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Subjects Who Experienced Statistically Significant Changes in FVC, TLC, RV, DLCO
NCT01307462 (9) [back to overview]	Changes in Symptoms as Measured by Patient Self-report--Human Activities Profile (HAP)
NCT01307462 (9) [back to overview]	Changes in Symptoms as Measured by Patient Self-report--Lee Chronic GVHD Symptom Scale
NCT01307462 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Subjects With Improvements in Other Chronic GVHD Characteristics
NCT01328964 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Asthma-related Hospitalizations, Asthma-related Emergency Department (ED) Visits, and Combined Hospitalizations/ED Visits Represented Per 100 Person Years
NCT01328964 (3) [back to overview]	Number of Asthma-related Hospitalizations, Asthma-related Emergency Department (ED) Visits, and Combined Hospitalizations/ED Visits Represented Per 100 Person Years
NCT01328964 (3) [back to overview]	Mean Monthly Asthma-related Costs (Pharmacy and Medical) During the Post-index Period
NCT01329939 (8) [back to overview]	Serum Leptin Levels
NCT01329939 (8) [back to overview]	Beclomethasone Equivalents
NCT01329939 (8) [back to overview]	Urinary Leukotriene E4 (LTE4) Levels
NCT01329939 (8) [back to overview]	Urinary Creatinine (Cr) Levels/Leukotriene E4 (LTE4) Ratio
NCT01329939 (8) [back to overview]	Urinary Creatinine (Cr) Levels
NCT01329939 (8) [back to overview]	Exhaled Nitric Oxide Measurement
NCT01329939 (8) [back to overview]	Asthma Control Test (ACT) Scores
NCT01329939 (8) [back to overview]	Spirometric Measures
NCT01458418 (1) [back to overview]	Eosinophil Count
NCT01581710 (8) [back to overview]	Baseline Lung Function of FEV1/FVC Before the Bronchodilator
NCT01581710 (8) [back to overview]	Baseline Lung Function of FEV1 Before the Bronchodilator
NCT01581710 (8) [back to overview]	Baseline Lung Function in MMEF
NCT01581710 (8) [back to overview]	Relative Change (%) of FEV1 After the Bronchodilator
NCT01581710 (8) [back to overview]	Baseline Lung Function of Xrs5 With IOS Before the Bronchodilator (Pre-Xrs 5)
NCT01581710 (8) [back to overview]	Baseline Lung Function of Rrs 5 With IOS Before the Bronchodilator (Pre-Rrs5)
NCT01581710 (8) [back to overview]	Baseline Lung Function of Xrs10 With IOS Before the Bronchodilator (Pre-Xrs10)
NCT01581710 (8) [back to overview]	Baseline Lung Function of Rrs10 With IOS Before the Bronchodilator
NCT01606306 (1) [back to overview]	Differential Response to the Three Therapies Based on Fixed Threshold Criteria for the Following Asthma Control Measures: Use of Oral Prednisone for Acute Asthma Exacerbations and Asthma Control Days.
NCT01624974 (9) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Short-Acting Beta Agonist (SABA) Use at Week 4
NCT01624974 (9) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1) at Week 4
NCT01624974 (9) [back to overview]	Adverse Events During Treatment and Follow-up
NCT01624974 (9) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Daytime Symptom Score (DSS) at Week 4
NCT01624974 (9) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) Score at Week 4
NCT01624974 (9) [back to overview]	Discontinuation of Treatment Due to An Adverse Event
NCT01624974 (9) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Nocturnal Awakenings at Week 4
NCT01624974 (9) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Morning (AM) Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) at Week 4
NCT01624974 (9) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Evening (PM) PEF at Week 4
NCT01656395 (13) [back to overview]	Average Change From Baseline in Use of Short-Acting Beta-Agonists (SABAs)
NCT01656395 (13) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) Score
NCT01656395 (13) [back to overview]	Percentage of Asthma Attack Days
NCT01656395 (13) [back to overview]	Percentage of Asthma Exacerbation Days
NCT01656395 (13) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Discontinue Study Due to AEs
NCT01656395 (13) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Experience Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT01656395 (13) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With a ≥0.5 Change From Baseline in ACQ Score
NCT01656395 (13) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With a ≥0.5 Change From Baseline in AQLQ(S) Overall and Domain Scores
NCT01656395 (13) [back to overview]	Average Change From Baseline in Daytime Symptom Score (DSS)
NCT01656395 (13) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire With Standardised Activities [AQLQ(S)] Overall and Domain Scores
NCT01656395 (13) [back to overview]	Average Change From Baseline in Number of Nocturnal Awakenings
NCT01656395 (13) [back to overview]	Average Change From Baseline in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1)
NCT01656395 (13) [back to overview]	Average Change From Baseline in Morning/Evening Peak Expiratory Flow (AM/PM PEF)
NCT01673620 (2) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Discontinuing Study Treatment Due to AEs
NCT01673620 (2) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Experiencing at Least One Adverse Event (AE)
NCT01696214 (3) [back to overview]	Asthma Control Test
NCT01696214 (3) [back to overview]	Percent (%) Perdicted FEV1 Changes
NCT01696214 (3) [back to overview]	The Asthma Symptom Utility Index (ASUI)
NCT01765192 (7) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Pre-Dose (Trough) Pre-Bronchodilator Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)
NCT01765192 (7) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Pre-Dose (Trough) Pre-Bronchodilator Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
NCT01765192 (7) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Pre-Dose (Trough) Pre-Bronchodilator Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1)
NCT01765192 (7) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Pre-Dose (Trough) Pre-Bronchodilator Forced Expiratory Flow (FEF) 25-75%
NCT01765192 (7) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Nighttime Asthma Symptoms
NCT01765192 (7) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Morning Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)
NCT01765192 (7) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Daytime Asthma Symptoms
NCT01852812 (6) [back to overview]	Apparent Elimination Half-life (t1/2) of Montelukast CT and Montelukast OG
NCT01852812 (6) [back to overview]	Area Under the Time-Concentration Curve (AUC 0-∞) of Montelukast CT and Montelukast OG
NCT01852812 (6) [back to overview]	Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Montelukast CT and Montelukast OG
NCT01852812 (6) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Discontinue Study Drug Due to an AE
NCT01852812 (6) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Experience at Least One Adverse Event (AE)
NCT01852812 (6) [back to overview]	Time to Cmax (Tmax) of Montelukast CT and Montelukast OG
NCT01857063 (11) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Nasal Congestion Score Averaged During 3 Hours of Exposure
NCT01857063 (11) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Nasal Discharge Score Averaged During 3 Hours of Exposure
NCT01857063 (11) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Sneezing Score Averaged During 3 Hours of Exposure
NCT01857063 (11) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) Averaged During 3 Hours of Exposure
NCT01857063 (11) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Weighted TNSS Averaged During 3 Hours of Exposure
NCT01857063 (11) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Experience at Least One Adverse Event
NCT01857063 (11) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Nasal Congestion Score at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 Minutes After Entering Chamber Room
NCT01857063 (11) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Nasal Discharge Score at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 Minutes After Entering Chamber Room
NCT01857063 (11) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Sneezing Score at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 Minutes After Entering Chamber Room
NCT01857063 (11) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in TNSS at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 Minutes After Entering Chamber Room
NCT01857063 (11) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Weighted TNSS at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 Minutes After Entering Chamber Room
NCT01960413 (1) [back to overview]	Change in Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (sVCAM)
NCT02321748 (17) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Methyl Hydroxymontelukast
NCT02321748 (17) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Montelukast
NCT02321748 (17) [back to overview]	Half-Life (t1/2) of ASP2151
NCT02321748 (17) [back to overview]	Half-Life (t1/2) of Methyl Hydroxymontelukast
NCT02321748 (17) [back to overview]	Half-Life (t1/2) of Montelukast
NCT02321748 (17) [back to overview]	Peak Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of ASP2151
NCT02321748 (17) [back to overview]	Peak Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Methyl Hydroxymontelukast
NCT02321748 (17) [back to overview]	Peak Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Montelukast
NCT02321748 (17) [back to overview]	Time of Peak Concentration (Tmax) of ASP2151
NCT02321748 (17) [back to overview]	Time of Peak Concentration (Tmax) of Methyl Hydroxymontelukast
NCT02321748 (17) [back to overview]	Time of Peak Concentration (Tmax) of Montelukast
NCT02321748 (17) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Serious and Non-Serious Adverse Events
NCT02321748 (17) [back to overview]	Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vd/f) of Montelukast
NCT02321748 (17) [back to overview]	Apparent Total Body Clearance (CL/f) of ASP2151
NCT02321748 (17) [back to overview]	Apparent Total Body Clearance (CL/f) of Montelukast
NCT02321748 (17) [back to overview]	Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vd/f) of ASP2151
NCT02321748 (17) [back to overview]	Area Under the Curve (AUC) of ASP2151
NCT02401256 (1) [back to overview]	Efavirenz AUC0-inf (Single Dose) and AUC0-24(Multiple Dose)
NCT02410278 (10) [back to overview]	Average Change From Baseline in GSRS Overall Score at Day 1 to Day 10
NCT02410278 (10) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued DMF Therapy Due to GI-Related Adverse Events (AEs) From Day 0 to Week 10
NCT02410278 (10) [back to overview]	Average Change From Baseline in GSRS Overall Score at Day 1 to Weeks 1 to 8
NCT02410278 (10) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Experienced AEs Related to Flushing
NCT02410278 (10) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Required GI Symptomatic Therapy During the Study
NCT02410278 (10) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With a Worsening in Severity of Gastrointestinal (GI) Adverse Events (AEs) on the GSRS From Day 0 to Day 10
NCT02410278 (10) [back to overview]	Time to First Worsening From Baseline in GSRS Overall Score at Day 1 to Day 10
NCT02410278 (10) [back to overview]	Time to Recovery to Baseline GSRS Score From Last Occurrence of Worst GSRS Score at Day 1 to Week 8
NCT02410278 (10) [back to overview]	Average Change From Baseline in GSRS Overall Score at Day 0 to 72 Hours From the Initiation of Randomized Study Treatment
NCT02410278 (10) [back to overview]	Average Change From Baseline in GSRS Overall Score at Day 1 to Week 10
NCT02483975 (5) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline (Expressed as a Ratio) in 0-24 Hour Weighted Mean Serum Cortisol at the End of the Six Week Treatment Period (Day 42) in SC Population
NCT02483975 (5) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline (Expressed as a Ratio) in 0-24 Hour Weighted Mean Serum Cortisol at the End of the Six Week Treatment Period (D 42) in Intention-to-treat (ITT) Population
NCT02483975 (5) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline (Expressed as a Ratio) in 24-hour 6-beta Hydroxycortisol Excretion at the End of the Six Week Treatment Period (Day 42).
NCT02483975 (5) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline (Expressed as a Ratio) in 24-hour Urinary Cortisol Excretion at the End of the Six Week Treatment Period (Day 42)
NCT02483975 (5) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline (Expressed as a Ratio) in Area Under the Curve (AUC) 0-24 Hour Serum Cortisol at the End of the Six Week Treatment Period (Day 42).
NCT02720081 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Eosinophil (Percent [%]) at Week 6
NCT02720081 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Hematocrit (%) at Week 6
NCT02720081 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Diastolic Blood Pressure at Week 6
NCT02720081 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Diastolic Blood Pressure at Week 4
NCT02720081 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Diastolic Blood Pressure at Week 2
NCT02720081 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Heart Rate at Week 4
NCT02720081 (26) [back to overview]	Percentage of Days With Worsening Asthma Average Over Weeks 3 to 6
NCT02720081 (26) [back to overview]	Baseline Pre-dose Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1)
NCT02720081 (26) [back to overview]	Average Change From Baseline in Pre-dose FEV1 at Week 4 and Week 6
NCT02720081 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) at Week 6
NCT02720081 (26) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Experienced an Adverse Event (AE)
NCT02720081 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Neutrophil (%) at Week 6
NCT02720081 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Heart Rate at Week 6
NCT02720081 (26) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Study Drug Due to an AE
NCT02720081 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Heart Rate at Week 2
NCT02720081 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Bilirubin at Week 6
NCT02720081 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) at Week 6
NCT02720081 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) at Week 6
NCT02720081 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Platelet Count at Week 6
NCT02720081 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Respiratory Rate at Week 2
NCT02720081 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Respiratory Rate at Week 4
NCT02720081 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Respiratory Rate at Week 6
NCT02720081 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure at Week 2
NCT02720081 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure at Week 4
NCT02720081 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure at Week 6
NCT02720081 (26) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in White Blood Cell Count at Week 6
NCT02761252 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline With Montelukast+Bilastine Compared With Bilastine Monotherapy in SARC Symptoms
NCT02761252 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline With Montelukast+Bilastine Compared With Montelukast and Bilastine Monotherapies in Asthma Control
NCT02761252 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline With Montelukast+Bilastine Compared With Montelukast and Bilastine Monotherapies in SARC Symptoms (DNSS)
NCT02761252 (6) [back to overview]	Usage of Relief Medication for Asthma
NCT02761252 (6) [back to overview]	Usage of Relief Medication for SARC
NCT02761252 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline With Montelukast + Bilastine Compared With Montelukast and Bilastine Monotherapies in SARC Symptoms (DNNSS)
NCT02889809 (7) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With On-treatment Asthma Exacerbations Over Double-blind Treatment Period
NCT02889809 (7) [back to overview]	Growth Velocity Over the First 12 Weeks of Double-blind Treatment Period
NCT02889809 (7) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Below the Third Percentile of Growth Velocity During Double-blind Treatment Period
NCT02889809 (7) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Non-serious Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
NCT02889809 (7) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Change in Growth Velocity Quartiles From Baseline to Endpoint
NCT02889809 (7) [back to overview]	Change in Height Standard Deviation Scores (SDS) From Baseline to Endpoint
NCT02889809 (7) [back to overview]	Growth Velocity (Centimeter Per Year) Over the Double-blind Treatment Period, as Determined by Stadiometry
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Anti-Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-Antibody Reduction
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Hematological Abnormalities
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Liver Function Abnormalities
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Renal Function Abnormalities
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), and Treatment-Emergent Serious Adverse Events (TESAEs)
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]	PK Parameters: Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve From Time 0 to 168 Hours Over the Dosing Interval (AUC0-168 Hours) After First Infusion of Isatuximab
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]	Pharmacokinetics (PK) Parameters: Concentration Observed at the End of First Intravenous Infusion (Ceoi) of Isatuximab
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Response
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Graft Survival at 6 Months Post-Transplant
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Achieving Target cPRA
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]	Number of Kidney Transplant Offers
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]	Duration of Response (DOR)
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]	Duration for Achieving Target cPRA
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Anti-drug Antibodies (ADA) Against Isatuximab
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]	PK Parameters: Last Concentration Observed Above the Lower Limit of Quantification (Clast) After the First Infusion of Isatuximab
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]	PK Parameters: Maximum Concentration Observed (Cmax) After the First Infusion of Isatuximab
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]	PK Parameters: Time of Clast (Tlast) After First Infusion of Isatuximab
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]	PK Parameters: Time Taken to Reach Cmax (Tmax) After the First Infusion of Isatuximab
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]	PK Parameters: Trough Plasma Concentrations (Ctrough) of Isatuximab
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]	Time to First Transplant Offer
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]	Time to Transplant
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Abnormal Electrolytes Parameters
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Abnormal Metabolism Parameters
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Change From Baseline in Erythrocytes Mean Corpuscular Volume
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Change From Baseline in Glucose, Carbon Dioxide, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Anion Gap, Calcium, Chloride, Phosphate, Potassium, Sodium, Urea
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Change From Baseline in Hematocrit
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Change From Baseline in Oral Temperature
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Change From Baseline in Platelet Count, Leukocyte Count, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Change From Baseline in Pulse Rate
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Change From Baseline in Respiratory Rate
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Change From Baseline in SBP and DBP
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Change From Baseline in Urate, Creatinine, Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	AUC(0-t) for 5-hydroxyomeprazole
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	AUC(0-t) for 36-hydroxymontelukast
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	AUC(0-t) for 1-hydroxymidazolam
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	AUC(0-infinity) for Pravastatin
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	AUC(0-infinity) for Omeprazole
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	AUC(0-infinity) for Montelukast
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	AUC(0-infinity) for Midazolam
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	AUC(0-infinity) for Metoprolol
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	AUC(0-infinity) for Flurbiprofen
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	AUC(0-infinity) for Digoxin
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	AUC(0-infinity) for Alpha-hydroxymetoprolol
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	AUC(0-infinity) for 5-hydroxyomeprazole
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	AUC(0-infinity) for 36-hydroxymontelukast
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	AUC(0-t) for Digoxin
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	AUC(0-t) for Flurbiprofen
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	AUC(0-t) for Metoprolol
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	AUC(0-infinity) for 1-hydroxymidazolam
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	AUC(0-t) for Midazolam
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	AUC(0-t) for Montelukast
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	AUC(0-t) for Omeprazole
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	AUC(0-t) for Pravastatin
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Cmax for 1-hydroxymidazolam
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Cmax for 36-hydroxymontelukast
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Cmax for 5-hydroxyomeprazole
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Cmax for Alpha-hydroxymetoprolol
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Cmax for Digoxin
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Cmax for Flurbiprofen
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Cmax for Metoprolol
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Cmax for Midazolam
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	AUC From Time Zero Extrapolated to Infinity (AUC[0-infinity]) for Caffeine
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) From Time Zero to Time t (AUC[0-t]) for Caffeine
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Apparent Terminal Phase Half-life (t1/2) for Caffeine
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Cmax for Omeprazole
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Cmax for Pravastatin
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) for Caffeine
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Ratio of AUC(0-infinity) of 1-hydroxymidazolam to Midazolam
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Change From Baseline in Urate, Creatinine, Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Ratio of AUC(0-infinity) of 5-hydroxyomeprazole to Omeprazole
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Ratio of AUC(0-infinity) of Alpha-hydroxymetoprolol to Metoprolol
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Ratio of Cmax of 1-hydroxymidazolam to Midazolam
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Ratio of Cmax of 36-hydroxymontelukast to Montelukast
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Ratio of Cmax of 5-hydroxyomeprazole to Omeprazole
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Ratio of Cmax of Alpha-hydroxymetoprolol to Metoprolol
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Change From Baseline in Albumin, Globulin, Protein
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Change From Baseline in Amylase, Lipase
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Change From Baseline in Creatine Kinase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, ALT, ALP, AST, Gamma-glutamyl Transferase
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Change From Baseline in ECG Parameters: PR Interval, QRS Duration, QT Interval, QTcF
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Change From Baseline in Glucose, Carbon Dioxide, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Anion Gap, Calcium, Chloride, Phosphate, Potassium, Sodium, Urea
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Change From Baseline in Platelet Count, Leukocyte Count, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	t1/2 for 1-hydroxymidazolam
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Change From Baseline in SBP and DBP
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Change From Baseline in Urate, Creatinine, Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Absolute Values for ECG Parameters: PR Interval, QRS Duration, QT Interval, QTcF Interval
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Absolute Values of Albumin, Globulin, Protein
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Absolute Values of Amylase, Lipase
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Absolute Values of Creatine Kinase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, ALT, ALP, AST, Gamma-glutamyl Transferase
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Absolute Values of Erythrocytes
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Absolute Values of Erythrocytes Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Absolute Values of Erythrocytes Mean Corpuscular Volume
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Absolute Values of Glucose, Carbon Dioxide, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Anion Gap, Calcium, Chloride, Phosphate, Potassium, Sodium, Urea
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Absolute Values of Hematocrit
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Absolute Values of Hemoglobin
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Absolute Values of Oral Temperature
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Absolute Values of Platelet Count, Leukocyte Count, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Absolute Values of Pulse Rate
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Absolute Values of Respiratory Rate
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Absolute Values of SBP and DBP
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Ratio of AUC(0-infinity) of 36-hydroxymontelukast to Montelukast
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Absolute Values of Urate, Creatinine, Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Change From Baseline in Albumin, Globulin, Protein
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Change From Baseline in Amylase, Lipase
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Change From Baseline in Creatine Kinase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, ALT, ALP, AST, Gamma-glutamyl Transferase
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Change From Baseline in ECG Parameters: PR Interval, QRS Duration, QT Interval, QTcF
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Change From Baseline in Glucose, Carbon Dioxide, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Anion Gap, Calcium, Chloride, Phosphate, Potassium, Sodium, Urea
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Change From Baseline in Platelet Count, Leukocyte Count, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Change From Baseline in SBP and DBP
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	AUC(0-t) for Alpha-hydroxymetoprolol
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Absolute Values for ECG Parameters: PR Interval, QRS Duration, QT Interval, QTcF Interval
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Absolute Values of Albumin, Globulin, Protein
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Absolute Values of Amylase, Lipase
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Absolute Values of Creatine Kinase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, ALT, ALP, AST, Gamma-glutamyl Transferase
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Absolute Values of Erythrocytes
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Absolute Values of Erythrocytes Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Absolute Values of Erythrocytes Mean Corpuscular Volume
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Absolute Values of Glucose, Carbon Dioxide, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Anion Gap, Calcium, Chloride, Phosphate, Potassium, Sodium, Urea
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Absolute Values of Hematocrit
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Absolute Values of Hemoglobin
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Absolute Values of Oral Temperature
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Absolute Values of Platelet Count, Leukocyte Count, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Absolute Values of Pulse Rate
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Absolute Values of Respiratory Rate
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Absolute Values of SBP and DBP
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Absolute Values of Urate, Creatinine, Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Change From Baseline in Albumin, Globulin, Protein
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Change From Baseline in Amylase, Lipase
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Change From Baseline in Creatine Kinase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, ALT, ALP, AST, Gamma-glutamyl Transferase
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Change From Baseline in ECG Parameters: PR Interval, QRS Duration, QT Interval, QTcF
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Change From Baseline in Erythrocytes
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Change From Baseline in Erythrocytes Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	t1/2 for 36-hydroxymontelukast
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	t1/2 for 5-hydroxyomeprazole
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	t1/2 for Alpha-hydroxymetoprolol
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	t1/2 for Digoxin
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	t1/2 for Flurbiprofen
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	t1/2 for Metoprolol
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	t1/2 for Midazolam
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	t1/2 for Montelukast
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	t1/2 for Omeprazole
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	t1/2 for Pravastatin
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Time to Cmax (Tmax) for Caffeine
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Tmax for 1-hydroxymidazolam
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Tmax for 36-hydroxymontelukast
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Tmax for 5-hydroxyomeprazole
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Tmax for Alpha-hydroxymetoprolol
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Tmax for Digoxin
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Tmax for Flurbiprofen
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Tmax for Metoprolol
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Tmax for Midazolam
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Tmax for Montelukast
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Tmax for Omeprazole
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Tmax for Pravastatin
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Change From Baseline in Erythrocytes
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Change From Baseline in Erythrocytes Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Change From Baseline in Erythrocytes Mean Corpuscular Volume
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Change From Baseline in Hematocrit
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Change From Baseline in Oral Temperature
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Change From Baseline in Pulse Rate
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Change From Baseline in Respiratory Rate
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Cmax for Montelukast
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Change From Baseline in Erythrocytes Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Change From Baseline in Erythrocytes Mean Corpuscular Volume
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Change From Baseline in Hematocrit
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Change From Baseline in Oral Temperature
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Change From Baseline in Pulse Rate
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Change From Baseline in Respiratory Rate
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: AUC From Time Zero to the End of the Dosing Interval at Steady State (AUC[0-tau]) for GSK3640254
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: AUC(0-t) for GSK3640254
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Cmax for GSK3640254
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Plasma Concentration at the End of the Dosing Interval (Ctau) for GSK3640254
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: t1/2 for GSK3640254
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment C: Tmax for GSK3640254
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Absolute Values for Electrocardiogram (ECG) Parameters: PR Interval, QRS Duration, QT Interval, Corrected QT Interval Using Fridericia's Formula (QTcF)
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Absolute Values of Albumin, Globulin, Protein
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Absolute Values of Amylase, Lipase
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Absolute Values of Creatine Kinase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Gamma-glutamyl Transferase
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Absolute Values of Erythrocytes
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Absolute Values of Erythrocytes Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Absolute Values of Erythrocytes Mean Corpuscular Volume
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Absolute Values of Glucose, Carbon Dioxide, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Anion Gap, Calcium, Chloride, Phosphate, Potassium, Sodium, Urea
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Absolute Values of Hematocrit
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Absolute Values of Hemoglobin
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Absolute Values of Oral Temperature
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Absolute Values of Platelet Count, Leukocyte Count, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Absolute Values of Pulse Rate
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Absolute Values of Respiratory Rate
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Absolute Values of Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment A: Absolute Values of Urate, Creatinine, Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin
NCT04425902 (171) [back to overview]	Treatment B: Change From Baseline in Erythrocytes

Number of Patients Requiring ß-Agonist Rescue Medication After Exercise Challenge at 12 Hours Postdose

(NCT00090142)
Timeframe: 0-90 minutes after the exercise challenge performed at 12 hours postdose

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Patients requiring rescue medication	Patients not requiring rescue medication
Montelukast 10 mg	2	50
Placebo	4	48

[back to top]

Number of Patients Requiring ß-Agonist Rescue Medication After Exercise Challenge at 24 Hours Postdose

(NCT00090142)
Timeframe: 0-90 minutes after the exercise challenge performed at 24 hours postdose

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Patients requiring rescue medication	Patients not requiring rescue medication
Montelukast 10 mg	2	50
Placebo	2	50

[back to top]

Area Under the Curve for FEV1 Percent Change From Preexercise Baseline During the 60 Minutes Following Exercise Challenge (AUC 0-60 Min) at 12 Hours Postdose

The measure included only the area below the pre-exercise baseline. (NCT00090142)
Timeframe: Pre-exercise baseline measurement and 0-60 minutes after the exercise challenge performed at 12 hours postdose

Intervention	(percent change) *minutes (Mean)
Placebo	314.0
Montelukast 10 mg	241.7

[back to top]

Area Under the Curve for FEV1 Percent Change From Preexercise Baseline During the 60 Minutes Following Exercise Challenge (AUC 0-60 Min) at 2 Hours Postdose

Intervention	(percent change) *minutes (Mean)
Placebo	582.6
Montelukast 10 mg	284.7

[back to top]

Area Under the Curve for FEV1 Percent Change From Preexercise Baseline During the 60 Minutes Following Exercise Challenge (AUC 0-60min) at 24 Hours Postdose

Intervention	(percent change) *minutes (Mean)
Placebo	269.6
Montelukast 10 mg	223.1

[back to top]

Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 12 Hours Postdose Compared With Pre-exercise Baseline in Patients With EIB

In patients with EIB, the percent change from pre-exercise baseline FEV, to the lowest FEV1 within 60 minutes after exercise challenge (12 hours post-dose). The FEV1 measurement obtained 5 minutes before the exercise challenge was the baseline, and was specific to each exercise challenge. (NCT00090142)
Timeframe: Pre-exercise baseline measurement and 0-60 minutes after the exercise challenge performed 12 hours after a single oral dose

Intervention	Percent Change (Mean)
Placebo	11.73
Montelukast 10 mg	9.87

[back to top]

Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 2 Hours Post-dose Compared With Pre-exercise Baseline in Patients With Exercise-induced Bronchospasm (EIB)

In patients with EIB, the percent change from pre-exercise baseline FEV, to the lowest FEV1 within 60 minutes after exercise challenge (2 hours post-dose). The FEV1 measurement obtained 5 minutes before the exercise challenge was the baseline, and was specific to each exercise challenge. (NCT00090142)
Timeframe: Pre-exercise baseline measurement and 0-60 minutes after the exercise challenge performed 2 hours after a single oral dose

Intervention	Percent Change (Mean)
Placebo	17.50
Montelukast 10 mg	11.70

[back to top]

Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 24 Hours Postdose Compared With Pre-exercise Baseline in Patients With EIB

In patients with EIB, the percent change from pre-exercise baseline FEV, to the lowest FEV1 within 60 minutes after exercise challenge (24 hours post-dose). The FEV1 measurement obtained 5 minutes before the exercise challenge was the baseline, and was specific to each exercise challenge. (NCT00090142)
Timeframe: Pre-exercise baseline measurement and 0-60 minutes after the exercise challenge performed 24 hours after a single oral dose

Intervention	Percent Change (Mean)
Placebo	10.69
Montelukast 10 mg	7.95

[back to top]

Time to Recovery From Maximum Percentage Decrease in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 12 Hours Postdose

The time to recovery from maximum percent fall is the duration between the time at which the maximum percent fall in FEV1 after exercise challenge occurs and the time when FEV1 returns to within 5% of the preexercise baseline for the first time. (NCT00090142)
Timeframe: Exercise challenge at 12 hours postdose

Intervention	Minutes (Mean)
Placebo	23.40
Montelukast 10 mg	9.42

[back to top]

Time to Recovery From Maximum Percentage Decrease in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 2 Hours Postdose

Intervention	Minutes (Mean)
Placebo	34.23
Montelukast 10 mg	15.87

[back to top]

Time to Recovery From Maximum Percentage Decrease in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 24 Hours Postdose

Intervention	Minutes (Mean)
Placebo	13.81
Montelukast 10 mg	9.47

[back to top]

Number of Patients Requiring ß-Agonist Rescue Medication After Exercise Challenge at 2 Hours Postdose

(NCT00090142)
Timeframe: 0-90 minutes after the exercise challenge performed at 2 hours postdose

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Patients requiring rescue medication	Patients not requiring rescue medication
Montelukast 10 mg	2	52
Placebo	7	47

[back to top]

Patient's Global Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis at the End of the 6 Week Treatment Period

An evaluation by the patient, administered at the last visit (or upon discontinuation) using a 7-point scale [Score 0 (best) to 6 (worst)], in answer to a single question regarding the change in symptoms as compared to the beginning of the study. (NCT00092118)
Timeframe: At the end of the 6 week treatment period

Intervention	Score on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	2.42
Montelukast 10 mg	2.27

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Nasal Symptoms Score Averaged Over the 6-week Treatment Period in Patients With Perennial Allergic Rhinitis

Mean change from baseline in Daytime Nasal Symptoms score averaged over the 6-week treatment period. The Daytime Nasal Symptoms score was calculated as the average of the 3 individual scores for Congestion, Rhinorrhea, and Sneezing, each rated by patients daily on a 4-point scale [Score 0 (best) to 3 (worst)]. (NCT00092118)
Timeframe: 6 week treatment period (from baseline though the end of week 6)

Intervention	Score on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.37
Montelukast 10 mg	-0.44

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality-of-life Questionnaire (RQLQ) Overall Score After the 6 Week Treatment Period

Patients completed the validated, self-administered RQLQ which included 28 items on a 7-point scale [Score 0 (best) to 6 (worst)] across 7 domains: activities, sleep, nonnose/eye symptoms, practical problems, nasal symptoms, eye symptoms, and emotional. The scores for each domain were averaged, then scores for the 7 domains were averaged to obtain the overall score. (NCT00092118)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 6

Intervention	Score on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.69
Montelukast 10 mg	-0.84

[back to top]

Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 2 Hours Postdose Compared With Pre-exercise Baseline in Patients With Exercise-induced Bronchospasm (EIB)

In Participants with EIB, the percent change from pre-exercise baseline FEV1 to the lowest FEV1 within 60 minutes after exercise challenge (2 hours post-dose). The FEV1 measurement obtained 5 minutes before the exercise challenge was the baseline, and was specific to each exercise challenge. (NCT00092131)
Timeframe: Pre-exercise baseline measurement and 0-60 minutes after the exercise challenge performed 2 hours after a single oral dose

Intervention	Percent Change (Mean)
Placebo	22.33
Montelukast 10 mg	10.80

[back to top]

Number of Participants Requiring ß-Agonist Rescue Medication After Exercise Challenge at 24 Hours Postdose

(NCT00092131)
Timeframe: 0-90 minutes after the exercise challenge performed at 24 hours postdose

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Number of Patients Requiring Rescue Medication	Number of Patients Not Requiring Rescue Medication
Montelukast 10 mg	1	45
Placebo	3	43

[back to top]

Number of Participants Requiring ß-Agonist Rescue Medication After Exercise Challenge at 12 Hours Postdose

(NCT00092131)
Timeframe: 0-90 minutes after the exercise challenge performed at 12 hours postdose

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Number of Patients Requiring Rescue Medication	Number of Patients Not Requiring Rescue Medication
Montelukast 10 mg	1	47
Placebo	5	43

[back to top]

Area Under the Curve for FEV1 Percent Change From Preexercise Baseline During the 60 Minutes Following Exercise Challenge (AUC 0-60min) at 24 Hours Postdose

The measure included only the area below the pre-exercise baseline. (NCT00092131)
Timeframe: Pre-exercise baseline measurement and 0-60 minutes after the exercise challenge performed at 24 hours postdose

Intervention	(percent change) *minutes (Mean)
Placebo	409.50
Montelukast 10 mg	120.06

[back to top]

Area Under the Curve for FEV1 Percent Change From Preexercise Baseline During the 60 Minutes Following Exercise Challenge (AUC 0-60min) at 2 Hours Postdose

Intervention	(percent change) *minutes (Mean)
Placebo	702.13
Montelukast 10 mg	182.46

[back to top]

Area Under the Curve for FEV1 Percent Change From Preexercise Baseline During the 60 Minutes Following Exercise Challenge (AUC 0-60min) at 12 Hours Postdose

Intervention	(percent change) *minutes (Mean)
Placebo	389.55
Montelukast 10 mg	152.27

[back to top]

Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 12 Hours Postdose Compared With Pre-exercise Baseline in Patients With Exercise-induced Bronchospasm (EIB)

In patients with EIB, the percent change from pre-exercise baseline FEV1 to the lowest FEV1 within 60 minutes after exercise challenge (12 hours post-dose). The FEV1 measurement obtained 5 minutes before the exercise challenge was the baseline, and was specific to each exercise challenge. (NCT00092131)
Timeframe: Pre-exercise baseline measurement and 0-60 minutes after the exercise challenge performed 12 hours after a single oral dose

Intervention	Percent Change (Mean)
Placebo	16.12
Montelukast 10 mg	8.35

[back to top]

Number of Participants Requiring ß-Agonist Rescue Medication After Exercise Challenge at 2 Hours Postdose

(NCT00092131)
Timeframe: 0-90 minutes after the exercise challenge performed at 2 hours postdose

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Number of Patients Requiring Rescue Medication	Number of Patients Not Requiring Rescue Medication
Montelukast 10 mg	1	48
Placebo	7	42

[back to top]

Time to Recovery From Maximum Percentage Decrease in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 24 Hours Postdose

The time to recovery from maximum percent fall is the duration between the time at which the maximum percent fall in FEV1 occurs and the time when FEV1 returns to within 5% of the preexercise baseline for the first time. (NCT00092131)
Timeframe: Exercise challenge at 24 hours postdose

Intervention	Minutes (Mean)
Placebo	23.14
Montelukast 10 mg	5.74

[back to top]

Time to Recovery From Maximum Percentage Decrease in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 2 Hours Postdose

Intervention	Minutes (Mean)
Placebo	37.67
Montelukast 10 mg	10.82

[back to top]

Time to Recovery From Maximum Percentage Decrease in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 12 Hours Postdose

Intervention	Minutes (Mean)
Placebo	24.50
Montelukast 10 mg	7.97

[back to top]

Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 24 Hours Postdose Compared With Pre-exercise Baseline in Patients With Exercise-induced Bronchospasm (EIB)

In patients with EIB, the percent change from pre-exercise baseline FEV1 to the lowest FEV1 within 60 minutes after exercise challenge (24 hours post-dose). The FEV1 measurement obtained 5 minutes before the exercise challenge was the baseline, and was specific to each exercise challenge. (NCT00092131)
Timeframe: Pre-exercise baseline measurement and 0-60 minutes after the exercise challenge performed 24 hours after a single oral dose

Intervention	Percent Change (Mean)
Placebo	16.86
Montelukast 10 mg	8.33

[back to top]

Number of Wheezing-free Days of Infant (Observed by Primary Caregiver)

(NCT00115297)
Timeframe: First 56 days of study

Intervention	Days (Median)
Montelukast	25.5
Placebo	30.5

[back to top]

The Number of Participants Requiring Rescue Beta Agonist Use

(NCT00115297)
Timeframe: Measured during the daytime

Intervention	participants (Number)
Montelukast	15
Placebo	26

[back to top]

Wheezing at Day 7

(NCT00115297)
Timeframe: Study day 7

Intervention	participants (Number)
Montelukast	10
Placebo	22

[back to top]

Number of Participants With Treatment Failure (Hospitalization or Time to Decision to Discharge > 2 Hours)

Treatment Failure is defined as a.) patients who required hospitalization, or b.) patients for whom a decision to discharge home has not been reached by 2 hours following the end of study drug administration. (NCT00117338)
Timeframe: 120 minutes

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Hospitalization	Decision to Discharge Home not Reached by 2 Hours
Montelukast Intravenous (IV) 5.25 mg	28	37
Placebo	33	26

[back to top]

Time-Weighted Average Change in FEV1 Over 45 Minutes Following the End of Study Drug Administration

Improvement in FEV1 as time-weighted average change from baseline over 45 minutes following the end of study drug administration: Time-weighted average of the changes from baseline obtained over the 45 minutes (at 45, 30 and 15) with the time interval between any measurement and the measurement prior to it used as the weighting factor. (NCT00117338)
Timeframe: Baseline and (time-weighed average over) 45 Minutes

Intervention	Liters (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast Intravenous (IV) 5.25 mg	0.07
Placebo	0.05

[back to top]

Time-Weighted Average Change in FEV1 Over 30 Minutes Following the End of Study Drug Administration

Improvement in FEV1 as the time-weighted average change from baseline over 30 minutes following the end of study drug administration. Time-weighted average of the changes from baseline obtained over the 30 minutes (at 30 and 15) with the time interval between any measurement and the measurement prior to it used as the weighting factor. (NCT00117338)
Timeframe: Baseline and (time-weighted average over) 30 Minutes

Intervention	Liters (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast Intravenous (IV) 5.25 mg	0.06
Placebo	0.05

[back to top]

Improvement in FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second) Over the First 60 Minutes After Administration

Improvement in FEV1 as the time-weighted average change from baseline over 60 minutes following the end of study drug administration. Time-weighted average of the changes from baseline obtained over the 60 minutes (at 60, 45, 30 and 15) with the time interval between any measurement and the measurement prior to it used as the weighting factor. (NCT00117338)
Timeframe: Baseline and (time weighted average over) 60 Minutes

Intervention	Liters (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast Intravenous (IV) 5.25 mg	0.08
Placebo	0.07

[back to top]

Change in FEV1 After 15 Minutes Following the End of Study Drug Administration

Improvement in FEV1 as the time-weighted average change from baseline over the first 15 minutes following the end of study drug administration. Change = 15 minutes value minus Baseline value (NCT00117338)
Timeframe: Baseline and 15 Minutes

Intervention	Liters (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast Intravenous (IV) 5.25 mg	0.06
Placebo	0.01

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Modified Pulmonary Index [mPI] Score

"Change from baseline in modified pulmonary index [mPI] score assessed 60 minutes following the end of study drug administration. mPI questionnaire scores each component on a scale of 0 to 3 (low to high) with a total possible score of 12.~The components are respiratory rate, wheezing, prolongation of expiration (Inspiratory:Expiratory ratio), and accessory muscle use." (NCT00117338)
Timeframe: Baseline and 60 minutes

Intervention	Score on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast Intravenous (IV) 5.25 mg	-2.95
Placebo	-2.96

[back to top]

Total Dose of β-agonist Administered Per Patient Over a Period of 2 Hours Following the End of Study Drug Administration

Median total dose of β-agonist administered per patient over a period of 2 hours following the end of study drug administration. (NCT00117338)
Timeframe: 120 minutes

Intervention	mg (Median)
Montelukast Intravenous (IV) 5.25 mg	1.0
Placebo	0.6

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) Over 2 Week Randomized Treatment Period

"Patients recorded the severity of sneezing, runny nose, stuffy nose, and other symptoms (itchy nose/eyes and post-nasal drip) twice a day on a scale from 0 to 3 (0 = no symptoms, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, and 3 = severe). The TNSS was calculated as the sum of all scores for morning and evening recordings with a range of 0 to 24.~The baseline TNSS used in the analysis was the average of the symptom scores from the last 5 days of fluticasone propionate therapy prior to randomized treatment period.~The change from baseline for each subsequent day of treatment was then calculated for each subject. So that each subject only had one observation, the average of these changes was calculated for each subject, and this summary measure was used in the analysis comparing the two treatment groups. We report the median and full range of these average changes for each group.~A negative value indicates an improvement in symptoms." (NCT00119015)
Timeframe: Baseline and 2 weeks

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
Fluticasone Propionate + Montelukast	-1.66
Fluticasone Propionate + Placebo	-2.21

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Stuffy Nose Symptom Score Over 2 Week Randomized Treatment Period

"Patients recorded the severity of stuffy nose twice a day on a scale from 0 to 3 (0 = no symptoms, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, and 3 = severe). The stuffy nose symptom score was calculated as the sum of all scores for morning and evening recordings with a range of 0 to 6.~The baseline symptom score used in the analysis was the average of the symptom scores from the last 5 days of fluticasone propionate therapy prior to randomized treatment period.~The change from baseline for each subsequent day of treatment was then calculated for each subject. So that each subject only had one observation, the average of these changes was calculated for each subject, and this summary measure was used in the analysis comparing the two treatment groups. We report the median and full range of these average changes for each group.~A negative value indicates an improvement in symptoms." (NCT00119015)
Timeframe: Baseline and 2 weeks

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
Fluticasone Propionate + Montelukast	-0.41
Fluticasone Propionate + Placebo	-0.47

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Sneezing Symptom Score Over 2 Week Randomized Treatment Period

"Patients recorded the severity of sneezing twice a day on a scale from 0 to 3 (0 = no symptoms, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, and 3 = severe). The sneezing symptom score was calculated as the sum of all scores for morning and evening recordings with a range of 0 to 6.~The baseline symptom score used in the analysis was the average of the symptom scores from the last 5 days of fluticasone propionate therapy prior to randomized treatment period.~The change from baseline for each subsequent day of treatment was then calculated for each subject. So that each subject only had one observation, the average of these changes was calculated for each subject, and this summary measure was used in the analysis comparing the two treatment groups. We report the median and full range of these average changes for each group.~A negative value indicates an improvement in symptoms." (NCT00119015)
Timeframe: Baseline and 2 weeks

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
Fluticasone Propionate + Montelukast	-0.22
Fluticasone Propionate + Placebo	-0.25

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Runny Nose Symptom Score Over 2 Week Randomized Treatment Period

"Patients recorded the severity of runny nose twice a day on a scale from 0 to 3 (0 = no symptoms, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, and 3 = severe). The runny nose symptom score was calculated as the sum of all scores for morning and evening recordings with a range of 0 to 6.~The baseline symptom score used in the analysis was the average of the symptom scores from the last 5 days of fluticasone propionate therapy prior to randomized treatment period.~The change from baseline for each subsequent day of treatment was then calculated for each subject. So that each subject only had one observation, the average of these changes was calculated for each subject, and this summary measure was used in the analysis comparing the two treatment groups. We report the median and full range of these average changes for each group.~A negative value indicates an improvement in symptoms." (NCT00119015)
Timeframe: Baseline and 2 weeks

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
Fluticasone Propionate + Montelukast	-0.52
Fluticasone Propionate + Placebo	-0.29

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Other Symptom Score Over 2 Week Randomized Treatment Period

"Patients recorded the severity of other symptoms, including itchy nose/eyes and post-nasal drip, twice a day on a scale from 0 to 3 (0 = no symptoms, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, and 3 = severe). The other symptom score was calculated as the sum of all scores for morning and evening recordings with a range of 0 to 6.~The baseline symptom score used in the analysis was the average of the symptom scores from the last 5 days of fluticasone propionate therapy prior to randomized treatment period.~The change from baseline for each subsequent day of treatment was then calculated for each subject. So that each subject only had one observation, the average of these changes was calculated for each subject, and this summary measure was used in the analysis comparing the two treatment groups. We report the median and full range of these average changes for each group.~A negative value indicates an improvement in symptoms." (NCT00119015)
Timeframe: Baseline and 2 weeks

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
Fluticasone Propionate + Montelukast	-0.24
Fluticasone Propionate + Placebo	-0.14

[back to top]

Maximum FEV1 % Predicted Following First Beta-agonist Use

The effect of a four-week treatment course of oral montelukast plus inhaled fluticasone, compared to inhaled salmeterol plus inhaled fluticasone, on short-acting β-agonist bronchodilation as measured by the maximum FEV1 percent predicted following first β-agonist use. (NCT00127166)
Timeframe: 4 weeks (Weeks 0 to 4 or Weeks 6 to 10)

Intervention	Percent of predicted value (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast	104.03
Salmeterol	99.92

[back to top]

Maximum Post-exercise Percent (%) Fall in FEV1

The effect of four weeks of treatment with oral montelukast plus inhaled fluticasone, and inhaled salmeterol plus inhaled fluticasone on EIB as measured by the maximum post-exercise percent fall (relative to pre-exercise baseline) in FEV1. (NCT00127166)
Timeframe: 4 weeks (Weeks 0 to 4 or Weeks 6 to 10)

Intervention	Percent change from baseline (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast	10.57
Salmeterol	13.82

[back to top]

Time to Recovery to Within 5% of Baseline FEV1

The effect of a four-week treatment course of oral montelukast plus inhaled fluticasone, compared to inhaled salmeterol plus inhaled fluticasone, on the extent and severity of EIB as measured by the time to recovery (to within 5 percent of the pre-exercise baseline FEV1) following a standardized exercise challenge. (NCT00127166)
Timeframe: 4 weeks (Weeks 0 to 4 or Weeks 6 to 10)

Intervention	minutes (Median)
Montelukast	5.9
Salmeterol	11.1

[back to top]

Area Under the Curve for %-Change From Pre-exercise Baseline FEV1 in Liters (L), From 0 to 20 Minutes (AUC(0-20))

The effect of a four-week treatment course of oral montelukast plus inhaled fluticasone, compared to inhaled salmeterol plus inhaled fluticasone, on the extent and severity of EIB as measured by the area under the curve from 0 to 20 minutes (AUC0-20) for FEV1 percent change from pre-exercise baseline. (NCT00127166)
Timeframe: 4 weeks (Weeks 0 to 4 or Weeks 6 to 10)

Intervention	Percent times Minutes (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast	116.04
Salmeterol	168.75

[back to top]

Average (Avg) %-Change in FEV1 After First Beta (β)-Agonist Use and Prior to Second β-agonist Use

The effect of a four-week treatment course of oral montelukast plus inhaled fluticasone, compared to inhaled salmeterol plus inhaled fluticasone, on the extent and severity of EIB as measured by the average percent change in FEV1 after first β-agonist intake and prior to second β-agonist use. (NCT00127166)
Timeframe: 4 weeks (Weeks 0 to 4 or Weeks 6 to 10)

Intervention	Percent change from baseline (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast	6.51
Salmeterol	2.72

[back to top]

Treatment Failure

The primary outcome measure was treatment failure, defined as the occurrence of any one of the following events: hospitalization or an urgent medical visit for asthma initiated by the patient or physician; use of systemic corticosteroids for asthma or need for open-label use of inhaled corticosteroids for asthma, as determined by the study physician or an asthma care provider; a decrease in prebronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) to more than 20% below the baseline value measured at randomization; a decrease in the morning peak expiratory flow rate to more than 35% below the baseline value (the mean over the final 2 weeks of the run-in period) on 2 consecutive days; use of 10 puffs or more per day of rescue beta-agonist for 2 consecutive days (except as medication before exercise); refusal of the patient to continue because of lack of satisfaction with treatment; or judgment by a physician that the patient should stop treatment for reasons of safety. (NCT00156819)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

Intervention	participants (Number)
Fluticasone	34
Montelukast	50
Fluticasone Plus Salmeterol	33

[back to top]

Incidence of Acute Otitis Media

(NCT00189462)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

Intervention	participants with AOM (Number)
Montelukast	30
Placebo	27

[back to top]

Nasal Secretion Weights

(NCT00189475)
Timeframe: 6 days after naturally acquiring an upper respiratory infection

Intervention	grams (Mean)
	Day 1	Day 6
Montelukast	3.5	1.2
Placebo	4.2	2.6

[back to top]

The Time-weighted Average of Change in Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1)

The Time Weighed Average Changes in Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1) from pre-allocation baseline over the first 60 minutes after study drug administration with time interval between any measurement and the measurement prior to it is used as the weighting factor (NCT00229970)
Timeframe: baseline over the first 60 minutes

Intervention	Liter (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast 7 mg	0.09
Montelukast 14 mg	0.17
Placebo	0.01

[back to top]

Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 8.5 Hours Post-dose in Patients With EIB

In patients with EIB, the percent change from pre-exercise baseline FEV, to the lowest FEV1 within 60 minutes after exercise challenge (8.5 hours post-dose). The FEV1 measurement obtained 5 minutes before the exercise challenge was the baseline, and was specific to each exercise challenge. (NCT00245570)
Timeframe: 0-60 minutes after the exercise challenge performed 8.5 hours after a single oral dose

Intervention	Percent Change from Baseline (Mean)
Montelukast 10 mg	11.60
Salmeterol 50-μg	11.01
Placebo	16.65

[back to top]

Area Under the Curve for FEV1 Percent Change From Preexercise Baseline During the 60 Minutes Following Exercise Challenge (AUC 0-60 Min) at 2 Hours Postdose

"The measure included only the area below the pre-exercise~baseline" (NCT00245570)
Timeframe: 0-60 minutes after the exercise challenge at 2 hours postdose

Intervention	Percent * minutes (Mean)
Montelukast 10 mg	254.60
Salmeterol 50-μg	293.05
Placebo	710.43

[back to top]

Area Under the Curve for FEV1 Percent Change From Preexercise Baseline During the 60 Minutes Following Exercise Challenge (AUC 0-60 Min) at 24 Hours Postdose

The measure included only the area below the pre-exercise baseline (NCT00245570)
Timeframe: 0-60 minutes after the exercise challenge at 24 hours postdose

Intervention	Percent * minutes (Mean)
Montelukast 10 mg	231.09
Salmeterol 50-μg	554.93
Placebo	395.96

[back to top]

Area Under the Curve for FEV1 Percent Change From Preexercise Baseline During the 60 Minutes Following Exercise Challenge (AUC 0-60 Min) at 8.5 Hours Postdose

The measure included only the area below the pre-exercise baseline (NCT00245570)
Timeframe: 0-60 minutes after the exercise challenge at 8.5 hours postdose

Intervention	Percent * minutes (Mean)
Montelukast 10 mg	191.01
Salmeterol 50-μg	276.26
Placebo	511.28

[back to top]

Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 24 Hours Post-dose in Patients With EIB

In patients with EIB, the percent change from pre-exercise baseline FEV, to the lowest FEV1 within 60 minutes after exercise challenge (24 hours post-dose). The FEV1 measurement obtained 5 minutes before the exercise challenge was the baseline, and was specific to each exercise challenge. (NCT00245570)
Timeframe: 0-60 minutes after the exercise challenge performed 24 hours after a single oral dose

Intervention	Percent Change from Baseline (Mean)
Montelukast 10 mg	10.09
Salmeterol 50-μg	16.22
Placebo	13.64

[back to top]

Maximum Percent Fall in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) After Exercise Challenge at 2 Hours Post-dose in Patients With Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB)

In patients with EIB, the percent change from pre-exercise baseline FEV1 to the lowest FEV1 within 60 minutes after exercise challenge (2 hours post-dose). The FEV1 measurement obtained 5 minutes before the exercise challenge was the baseline, and was specific to each exercise challenge. (NCT00245570)
Timeframe: 0-60 minutes after the exercise challenge performed 2 hours after a single oral dose

Intervention	Percent Change from Baseline (Mean)
Montelukast 10 mg	13.15
Salmeterol 50-μg	10.46
Placebo	21.86

[back to top]

Time to Recovery From Maximum Percentage Decrease in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 2 Hours Postdose

The time to recovery from maximum percent fall is the duration between the time at which the maximum percent fall in FEV1 after exercise challenge occurs and the time when FEV1 returns to within 5% of the preexercise baseline for the first time. (NCT00245570)
Timeframe: Exercise challenge at 2 hours postdose

Intervention	Minutes (Mean)
Montelukast 10 mg	16.63
Salmeterol 50-μg	17.58
Placebo	42.70

[back to top]

Time to Recovery From Maximum Percentage Decrease in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 8.5 Hours Postdose

"The time to recovery from maximum percent fall is the~duration between the time at which the maximum percent fall in FEV1 after exercise challenge occurs and the~time when FEV1 returns to within 5% of the preexercise baseline for the first time." (NCT00245570)
Timeframe: Exercise challenge at 8.5 hours postdose

Intervention	Minutes (Mean)
Montelukast 10 mg	10.70
Salmeterol 50-μg	13.82
Placebo	32.34

[back to top]

Number of Patients Requiring β-Agonist Rescue Medication After Exercise Challenge at 2 Hours Postdose

(NCT00245570)
Timeframe: 0-90 minutes after the exercise challenge performed at 2 hours postdose

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Patients Requiring Rescue Medication	Patients Not Requiring Rescue Medication
Montelukast 10 mg	3	44
Placebo	9	38
Salmeterol 50-μg	4	42

[back to top]

Number of Patients Requiring β-Agonist Rescue Medication After Exercise Challenge at 24 Hours Postdose

(NCT00245570)
Timeframe: 0-90 minutes after the exercise challenge performed at 24 hours postdose

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Patients Requiring Rescue Medication	Patients Not Requiring Rescue Medication
Montelukast 10 mg	3	43
Placebo	6	40
Salmeterol 50-μg	6	40

[back to top]

Number of Patients Requiring β-Agonist Rescue Medication After Exercise Challenge at 8.5 Hours Postdose

(NCT00245570)
Timeframe: 0-90 minutes after the exercise challenge performed at 8.5 hours postdose

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Patients Requiring Rescue Medication	Patients Not Requiring Rescue Medication
Montelukast 10 mg	0	40
Placebo	4	33
Salmeterol 50-μg	0	39

[back to top]

Time to Recovery From Maximum Percentage Decrease in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 24 Hours Postdose

Intervention	Minutes (Mean)
Montelukast 10 mg	11.04
Salmeterol 50-μg	29.75
Placebo	23.31

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Average Morning (AM) PEFR (Peak Expiratory Flow Rate) Over a 6-month Treatment Period

PEFR measurements were performed daily, in the morning before using any medication. The on-treatment AM PEFR was computed by averaging over Period II (treatment period) the AM PEFR recorded daily in the diary, while the baseline AM PEFR was obtained by averaging the AM PEFR across the daily diary entries of the Baseline Period or Period I (placebo run-in period). The change from baseline in average AM PEFR is computed as the difference between mean on-treatment AM PEFR and mean baseline AM PEFR. (NCT00284856)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 months

Intervention	Liters/minute (Mean)
	Baseline	Average Change from Baseline During Period II
Fluticasone	354.28	19.31
Montelukast	363.75	12.84
Placebo	347.98	8.27

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Mean Daytime Symptom Score Over a 6-month Treatment Period

4 daytime symptoms were evaluated daily on a 7-point scale from 0 (best)- 6 (worst). The on-treatment daytime symptom score was computed by averaging over Period II the mean of the 4 daily symptom scores recorded daily in the diary while the baseline daytime symptom score was obtained by averaging the mean of the 4 daily symptom scores across the daily diary entries of the Baseline period (Period I). The change from baseline in mean daytime symptom score is computed as the difference between the mean on-treatment daytime symptom score & the mean baseline daytime symptom score. (NCT00284856)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 months

Intervention	Score on a scale (Mean)
	Baseline	Average Change from Baseline During Period II
Fluticasone	1.78	-0.44
Montelukast	1.82	-0.41
Placebo	1.90	-0.27

[back to top]

Percentage of Asthma-control Days Over the 6-month Treatment Period

An asthma-control day, computed from daily diaries, was any day with no unscheduled visit for asthma care, no use of > than 2 puffs of β-agonist, no use of other asthma rescue medication, and no nocturnal awakening. The percentage of asthma-control days was the number of days with asthma-control divided by the total number of days with non-missing values for this endpoint. The patient diary had questions concerning daytime and nighttime symptoms, morning (AM) and evening (PM) peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), β-agonist use, asthma attacks and smoking activity. (NCT00284856)
Timeframe: 6 months

Intervention	Percentage of days (Mean)
Montelukast	50.70
Fluticasone	53.30
Placebo	43.84

[back to top]

"Percent Change From Baseline in Mean Daily as Needed β-agonist Use Over the 3-week Treatment Period"

Percent change from baseline in average daily β-agonist use over the 3-week treatment period (NCT00289874)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 3

Intervention	Percent Change (Median)
Montelukast 5 mg	-18.88
Placebo	-12.40

[back to top]

Percent Change From Baseline in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) at Week 3

Percent change from baseline in FEV1, a measure of airway function, at Week 3 (NCT00289874)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 3

Intervention	Percent Change (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast 5 mg	9.53
Placebo	9.15

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in the Total Symptom Complex (TSC) Score Over Period I

"The TSC score was calculated as the sum of the following 10 individual symptom scores:~runny nose (left and right), itchy nose (left and right), sniffles, nose blows, sneezes, watery eyes, itchy eyes and ears, itchy throat, cough and postnasal drip.~Each individual symptom, except nose blows and sneezes, is rated on a 5-point scale of severity: 0 = None, 1 = a little, 2 = Moderate, 3 = Quite a bit, 4 = severe, 5 = very severe. For nose blows and sneezes, the subjects had to record the number of each symptom since last evaluation. This number corresponds to a score ranging from 0 to 8. The TSC score ranges from 0 to 56. Increasing scores are associated with increasing severity. Negative values indicate improvement from Baseline." (NCT00295022)
Timeframe: Baseline, Treatment Period 1 [Day 1, from drug intake (at 11:00 am) to 5 hours post-treatment (at 4:00 pm)]

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo (PBO)	-6.16
Levocetirizine (LCTZ)	-10.53
Montelukast (MLKT)	-9.01

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in the MSC Score Over the Total Treatment Period (Period I + Period II + Period III)

"Six individual symptoms which are most dominant in the rhinitis symptom profile will be combined to form the MSC severity score:~Runny nose (right and left), itchy nose (right and left), sniffles, nose blows, sneezes, watery eyes.~Each individual symptom, except nose blows and sneezes, is rated on a 5-point scale of severity: 0 = None, 1 = a little, 2 = Moderate, 3 = Quite a bit, 4 = severe, 5 = very severe. For nose blows and sneezes, the subjects had to record the number of each symptom since last evaluation. This number corresponds to a score ranging from 0 to 8. The total MSC score ranges from 0 - 36. Increasing scores are associated with increasing severity. Negative values indicate improvement from Baseline." (NCT00295022)
Timeframe: Baseline to Day 2

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo (PBO)	-3.16
Levocetirizine (LCTZ)	-7.37
Montelukast (MLKT)	-5.48

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in the Total Symptom Complex (TSC) Score Over Period II

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo (PBO)	-2.45
Levocetirizine (LCTZ)	-9.54
Montelukast (MLKT)	-5.12

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in the Total Symptom Complex (TSC) Score Over Period III

"The TSC score was calculated as the sum of the following 10 individual symptom scores:~runny nose (left and right), itchy nose (left and right), sniffles, nose blows, sneezes, watery eyes, itchy eyes and ears, itchy throat, cough and postnasal drip.~Each individual symptom, except nose blows and sneezes, is rated on a 5-point scale of severity: 0 = None, 1 = a little, 2 = Moderate, 3 = Quite a bit, 4 = severe, 5 = very severe. For nose blows and sneezes, the subjects had to record the number of each symptom since last evaluation. This number corresponds to a score ranging from 0 to 8. The TSC score ranges from 0 to 56. Increasing scores are associated with increasing severity. Negative values indicate improvement from Baseline." (NCT00295022)
Timeframe: Baseline, Treatment Period III [Day 2, from drug intake (at 11:00 am) to 3:30 pm]

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo (PBO)	-5.91
Levocetirizine (LCTZ)	-13.39
Montelukast (MLKT)	-9.73

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in the Total Symptom Complex (TSC) Score Over the Total Treatment Period (Period I + Period II + Period III)

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo (PBO)	-5.53
Levocetirizine (LCTZ)	-11.54
Montelukast (MLKT)	-8.68

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in the TSC Score + Nasal Congestion Score Over Period I

"The TSC score was calculated as the sum of the following 10 individual symptom scores:~runny nose (left and right), itchy nose (left and right), sniffles, nose blows, sneezes, watery eyes, itchy eyes and ears, itchy throat, cough and postnasal drip.~Each individual symptom, except nose blows and sneezes, is rated on a 5-point scale of severity: 0 = None, 1 = a little, 2 = Moderate, 3 = Quite a bit, 4 = severe, 5 = very severe. For nose blows and sneezes, the subjects had to record the number of each symptom since last evaluation. This number corresponds to a score ranging from 0 to 8.~The Nasal congestion score ranged from 0 to 4 (0 = clear, 1 = slight block, 2 = stuffy, 3 = very stuffy, 4 = blocked). It corresponds to the mean value of right nostril and left nostril. The TSC score plus Nasal congestion score was added and ranged from 0 to 60. Increasing scores are associated with increasing severity. Negative values indicate improvement from Baseline." (NCT00295022)
Timeframe: Baseline, Treatment Period 1 [Day 1, from drug intake (at 11:00 am) to 5 hours post-treatment (at 4:00 pm)]

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo (PBO)	-6.57
Levocetirizine (LCTZ)	-11.15
Montelukast (MLKT)	-9.65

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in the TSC Score + Nasal Congestion Score Over Period II

"The TSC score was calculated as the sum of the following 10 individual symptom scores:~runny nose (left and right), itchy nose (left and right), sniffles, nose blows, sneezes, watery eyes, itchy eyes and ears, itchy throat, cough and postnasal drip.~Each individual symptom, except nose blows and sneezes, is rated on a 5-point scale of severity: 0 = None, 1 = a little, 2 = Moderate, 3 = Quite a bit, 4 = severe, 5 = very severe. For nose blows and sneezes, the subjects had to record the number of each symptom since last evaluation. This number corresponds to a score ranging from 0 to 8.~The Nasal congestion score ranged from 0 to 4 (0 = clear, 1 = slight block, 2 = stuffy, 3 = very stuffy, 4 = blocked). It corresponds to the mean value of right nostril and left nostril. The TSC score plus Nasal congestion score was added and ranged from 0 to 60. Increasing scores are associated with increasing severity. Negative values indicate improvement from Baseline." (NCT00295022)
Timeframe: Baseline, Treatment Period II [Day 2, from 9:30 am to 11:00 am]

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo (PBO)	-2.65
Levocetirizine (LCTZ)	-9.97
Montelukast (MLKT)	-5.47

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in the TSC Score + Nasal Congestion Score Over Period III

"The TSC score was calculated as the sum of the following 10 individual symptom scores:~runny nose (left and right), itchy nose (left and right), sniffles, nose blows, sneezes, watery eyes, itchy eyes and ears, itchy throat, cough and postnasal drip.~Each individual symptom, except nose blows and sneezes, is rated on a 5-point scale of severity: 0 = None, 1 = a little, 2 = Moderate, 3 = Quite a bit, 4 = severe, 5 = very severe. For nose blows and sneezes, the subjects had to record the number of each symptom since last evaluation. This number corresponds to a score ranging from 0 to 8.~The Nasal congestion score ranged from 0 to 4 (0 = clear, 1 = slight block, 2 = stuffy, 3 = very stuffy, 4 = blocked). It corresponds to the mean value of right nostril and left nostril. The TSC score plus Nasal congestion score was added and ranged from 0 to 60. Increasing scores are associated with increasing severity. Negative values indicate improvement from Baseline." (NCT00295022)
Timeframe: Baseline, Treatment Period III [Day 2, from drug intake (at 11:00 am) to 3:30 pm]

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo (PBO)	-6.35
Levocetirizine (LCTZ)	-14.18
Montelukast (MLKT)	-10.39

[back to top]

Global Satisfaction of the Subjects at the End of Period III

Global satisfaction was evaluated at the end of Period III by the subject on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) ranging from 0 (very dissatisfied) to 100 mm (very satisfied). (NCT00295022)
Timeframe: At the end of Period III (Day 2)

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Placebo (PBO)	32.42
Levocetirizine (LCTZ)	53.94
Montelukast (MLKT)	41.80

[back to top]

Onset of Action During Period I

The onset of action was defined as the first time point during Period I after initiation of the treatment when the reduction from Baseline in the MSC score for the active treatment group became statistically different from the placebo group and when this significant change was maintained for some period of time. (NCT00295022)
Timeframe: During Treatment Period 1 [Day 1, from drug intake (at 11:00 am) to 5 hours post-treatment (at 4:00 pm)]

Intervention	hours (Number)
Placebo (PBO)	NA
Levocetirizine (LCTZ)	1.5
Montelukast (MLKT)	1.5

[back to top]

Intensity of Action From Baseline in the MSC Score Over Period I

The intensity of action was measured by the percentage of subjects with categorized percentage change from Baseline in the MSC score over Period I. Categories are defined as following: < 20%, >=20%, < 50%, >=50%, < 70%, >=70% change from Baseline. (NCT00295022)
Timeframe: Treatment Period 1 [Day 1, from drug intake (at 11:00 am) to 5 hours post-treatment (at 4:00 pm)]

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	< 20%	>= 20%	< 50%	>= 50%	< 70%	>= 70%
Levocetirizine (LCTZ)	21.0	79.0	68.8	31.2	87.9	12.1
Montelukast (MLKT)	32.7	67.3	67.9	32.1	92.3	7.7
Placebo (PBO)	54.3	45.7	80.0	20.0	95.2	4.8

[back to top]

Percentage of Subjects, at the End of Period III Who Are Willing to Take the Same Medication During the Next Pollen Season

"At the end of Period III, each subject without reference to the Symptom Diary Card (SDC) answered to the question: Do you want to take the same treatment during the next pollen season? (yes or no)." (NCT00295022)
Timeframe: At the end of Period III (Day 2)

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Placebo (PBO)	23.1
Levocetirizine (LCTZ)	49.4
Montelukast (MLKT)	32.9

[back to top]

Time to First Feeling of Improvement During Period I

During Period I, the subjects had to record the moment (hh:mm) of first feeling of improvement (compared to Baseline intensity of symptoms). (NCT00295022)
Timeframe: During Treatment Period 1 [Day 1, from drug intake (at 11:00 am) to 5 hours post-treatment (at 4:00 pm)]

Intervention	minutes (Median)
Placebo (PBO)	101.02
Levocetirizine (LCTZ)	70.02
Montelukast (MLKT)	63.02

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in the Individual Symptom Scores Over Period I

"Individual symptom scores include Runny Nose Score, Itchy Nose Score, Sniffles Score, Postnasal Drip Score, Watery Eyes Score, Itchy Eyes and Ears Score, Itchy Throat Score, Cough Score, Sneezes Score, Nose Blows Score, Nasal Congestion Score.~The subjects had to evaluate the severity of the symptoms using a scale from None to Very severe (ranging from 0 to 5).~For Sneezes Score and Nose Blows Score, the subjects had to record the number of each symptom since last evaluation. This number corresponds to a score ranging from 0 to 8.~The Nasal congestion score ranged from 0 to 4 (0 = clear, 1 = slight block, 2 = stuffy, 3 = very stuffy, 4 = blocked). It corresponds to the mean value of right nostril and left nostril.~Increasing scores are associated with increasing severity. Negative values indicate improvement from Baseline." (NCT00295022)
Timeframe: Baseline, Treatment Period 1 [Day 1, from drug intake (at 11:00 am) to 5 hours post-treatment (at 4:00 pm)]

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
	Runny Nose Score	Itchy Nose Score	Sniffles Score	Postnasal Drip Score	Watery Eyes Score	Itchy Eyes/Ears Score	Itchy Throat Score	Cough Score	Sneezes Score	Nose Blows Score	Nasal Congestion Score
Levocetirizine (LCTZ)	-0.89	-0.93	-0.93	-0.99	-0.94	-1.14	-1.00	-0.81	-1.07	-1.77	-0.62
Montelukast (MLKT)	-0.86	-0.85	-0.87	-0.89	-0.82	-0.90	-0.85	-0.71	-0.68	-1.59	-0.64
Placebo (PBO)	-0.55	-0.52	-0.53	-0.65	-0.58	-0.69	-0.66	-0.71	-0.28	-1.03	-0.41

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in the Major Symptom Complex (MSC) Score Over Period I

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo (PBO)	-3.46
Levocetirizine (LCTZ)	-6.58
Montelukast (MLKT)	-5.65

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in the MSC Score Over Period II

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo (PBO)	-1.22
Levocetirizine (LCTZ)	-6.35
Montelukast (MLKT)	-3.24

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in the MSC Score Over Period III

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo (PBO)	-3.50
Montelukast (MLKT)	-8.62
Levocetirizine (LCTZ)	-6.19

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in the Individual Symptom Scores Over Period II

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
	Runny Nose Score	Itchy Nose Score	Sniffles Score	Postnasal Drip Score	Watery Eyes Score	Itchy Eyes/Ears Score	Itchy Throat Score	Cough Score	Sneezes Score	Nose Blows Score	Nasal Congestion Score
Levocetirizine (LCTZ)	-0.85	-0.84	-0.83	-0.90	-0.66	-0.81	-0.78	-0.70	-1.28	-1.84	-0.43
Montelukast (MLKT)	-0.53	-0.40	-0.48	-0.52	-0.46	-0.40	-0.39	-0.58	-0.40	-0.99	-0.35
Placebo (PBO)	-0.18	-0.22	-0.10	-0.37	-0.20	-0.18	-0.19	-0.49	-0.19	-0.38	-0.19

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in the TSC Score + Nasal Congestion Score Over the Total Treatment Period (Period I + Period II + Period III)

"The TSC score was calculated as the sum of the following 10 individual symptom scores:~runny nose (left and right), itchy nose (left and right), sniffles, nose blows, sneezes, watery eyes, itchy eyes and ears, itchy throat, cough and postnasal drip.~Each individual symptom, except nose blows and sneezes, is rated on a 5-point scale of severity: 0 = None, 1 = a little, 2 = Moderate, 3 = Quite a bit, 4 = severe, 5 = very severe. For nose blows and sneezes, the subjects had to record the number of each symptom since last evaluation. This number corresponds to a score ranging from 0 to 8.~The Nasal congestion score ranged from 0 to 4 (0 = clear, 1 = slight block, 2 = stuffy, 3 = very stuffy, 4 = blocked). It corresponds to the mean value of right nostril and left nostril. The TSC score plus Nasal congestion score was added and ranged from 0 to 60. Increasing scores are associated with increasing severity. Negative values indicate improvement from Baseline." (NCT00295022)
Timeframe: Baseline to Day 2

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo (PBO)	-5.92
Levocetirizine (LCTZ)	-12.21
Montelukast (MLKT)	-9.28

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in the Individual Symptom Scores Over the Total Treatment Period (Period I + Period II + Period III)

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
	Runny Nose Score	Itchy Nose Score	Sniffles Score	Postnasal Drip Score	Watery Eyes Score	Itchy Eyes/Ears Score	Itchy Throat Score	Cough Score	Sneezes Score	Nose Blows Score	Nasal Congestion Score
Levocetirizine (LCTZ)	-1.02	-1.05	-1.05	-1.11	-0.97	-1.17	-1.03	-0.86	-1.23	-2.00	-0.67
Montelukast (MLKT)	-0.84	-0.79	-0.85	-0.87	-0.77	-0.81	-0.78	-0.74	-0.67	-1.58	-0.61
Placebo (PBO)	-0.48	-0.46	-0.45	-0.62	-0.44	-0.51	-0.54	-0.71	-0.35	-1.02	-0.38

[back to top]

Variability of Action From Baseline in the MSC Score Over Period III

"The variability of action was assessed by the percentage of distribution of the percentage change from Baseline in the MSC score. Categories are defined as following:~< 20%, 20%-35%, 35%-50%, 50%-65%, 65%-80%, >=80%." (NCT00295022)
Timeframe: Treatment Period III [Day 2, from drug intake (at 11:00 am) to 3:30 pm]

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	< 20%	20%-35%	35%-50%	50%-65%	65%-80%	>=80%
Levocetirizine (LCTZ)	16.7	17.9	13.5	14.1	17.9	19.9
Montelukast (MLKT)	31.8	14.6	17.2	17.2	14.6	4.6
Placebo (PBO)	48.1	21.2	15.4	3.8	8.7	2.9

[back to top]

Variability of Action From Baseline in the MSC Score Over Period II

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	< 20%	20%-35%	35%-50%	50%-65%	65%-80%	>=80%
Levocetirizine (LCTZ)	32.1	19.2	12.2	17.3	10.3	9.0
Montelukast (MLKT)	53.6	16.6	17.2	6.6	3.3	2.6
Placebo (PBO)	67.3	17.3	8.7	3.8	1.9	1.0

[back to top]

Variability of Action From Baseline in the MSC Score Over Period I

"The variability of action was assessed by the percentage of distribution of the percentage change from Baseline in the MSC score. Categories are defined as following:~< 20%, 20%-35%, 35%-50%, 50%-65%, 65%-80%, >=80%." (NCT00295022)
Timeframe: Period 1 [Day 1, from drug intake (at 11:00 am) to 5 hours post-treatment (at 4:00 pm)]

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	< 20%	20%-35%	35%-50%	50%-65%	65%-80%	>=80%
Levocetirizine (LCTZ)	21.0	22.9	24.8	12.7	15.3	3.2
Montelukast (MLKT)	32.7	19.2	16.0	20.5	8.3	3.2
Placebo (PBO)	54.3	15.2	10.5	12.4	4.8	2.9

[back to top]

Intensity of Action From Baseline in the MSC Score Over Period III

The intensity of action was measured by the percentage of subjects with categorized percentage change from Baseline in the MSC score over Period III. Categories are defined as following: < 20%, >=20%, < 50%, >=50%, < 70%, >=70% change from Baseline. (NCT00295022)
Timeframe: Treatment Period III [Day 2, from drug intake (at 11:00 am) to 3:30 pm]

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	< 20%	>= 20%	< 50%	>= 50%	< 70%	>= 70%
Levocetirizine (LCTZ)	16.7	83.3	48.1	51.9	69.9	30.1
Montelukast (MLKT)	31.8	68.2	63.6	36.4	86.1	13.9
Placebo (PBO)	48.1	51.9	84.6	15.4	89.4	10.6

[back to top]

Intensity of Action From Baseline in the MSC Score Over Period II

The intensity of action was measured by the percentage of subjects with categorized percentage change from Baseline in the MSC score over Period II. Categories are defined as following: < 20%, >=20%, < 50%, >=50%, < 70%, >=70% change from Baseline. (NCT00295022)
Timeframe: Treatment Period II [Day 2, from 9:30 am to 11:00 am]

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	< 20%	>= 20%	< 50%	>= 50%	< 70%	>= 70%
Levocetirizine (LCTZ)	32.1	67.9	63.5	36.5	83.3	16.7
Montelukast (MLKT)	53.6	46.4	87.4	12.6	95.4	4.6
Placebo (PBO)	67.3	32.7	93.3	6.7	98.1	1.9

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in the Individual Symptom Scores Over Period III

"Individual symptom scores include Runny Nose Score, Itchy Nose Score, Sniffles Score, Postnasal Drip Score, Watery Eyes Score, Itchy Eyes and Ears Score, Itchy Throat Score, Cough Score, Sneezes Score, Nose Blows Score, Nasal Congestion Score.~The subjects had to evaluate the severity of the symptoms using a scale from None to Very severe (ranging from 0 to 5).~For Sneezes Score and Nose Blows Score, the subjects had to record the number of each symptom since last evaluation. This number corresponds to a score ranging from 0 to 8.~The Nasal congestion score ranged from 0 to 4 (0 = clear, 1 = slight block, 2 = stuffy, 3 = very stuffy, 4 = blocked). It corresponds to the mean value of right nostril and left nostril.~Increasing scores are associated with increasing severity. Negative values indicate improvement from Baseline." (NCT00295022)
Timeframe: Baseline, Treatment Period III [Day 2, from drug intake (at 11:00 am) to 3:30 pm]

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
	Runny Nose Score	Itchy Nose Score	Sniffles Score	Postnasal Drip Score	Watery Eyes Score	Itchy Eyes/Ears Score	Itchy Throat Score	Cough Score	Sneezes Score	Nose Blows Score	Nasal Congestion Score
Levocetirizine (LCTZ)	-1.23	-1.25	-1.26	-1.32	-1.11	-1.34	-1.15	-0.97	-1.40	-2.32	-0.79
Montelukast (MLKT)	-0.93	-0.89	-0.96	-0.97	-0.84	-0.87	-0.86	-0.84	-0.78	-1.82	-0.67
Placebo (PBO)	-0.52	-0.47	-0.50	-0.67	-0.36	-0.42	-0.54	-0.78	-0.48	-1.22	-0.43

[back to top]

Rhinitis: Mean Change From Baseline at 1-2 Weeks in Nightime Total Nasal Symptom Scores (N-TNSS)

The scores of 3 nighttime symptoms (nasal congestion upon awakening, difficulty going to sleep due to nasal symptoms, nighttime awakenings due to nasal symptoms). Scale: 0=not noticeable, 1=noticeable but not bothersome, 2=noticeable and bothersome some of the time, 3=bothersome most of the time and/or very bothersome some of the time. (NCT00296491)
Timeframe: Baseline To 1-2 Weeks

Intervention	Points on a Scale (Mean)
Flut Prop/Salmeterol/Flut Nasal Spray (FSC+FPANS)	-2.0
Fluticasone Propionate/Salmeterol/Montelukast (FSC+MON)	1.7

[back to top]

Rhinitis: Mean Change From Baseline at 1-2 Weeks in Daytime Total Nasal Symptom Scores (D-TNNS).

The sum of scores of each of the four daytime symptoms (nasal congestion, itching, rhinorrhea, and sneezing). Scale: 0=none (no sign/symptom evident)1=mild (sign/symptom clearly present; easily tolerated)2=moderate (definite awareness of sign/symptom that is bothersome but tolerable)3=severe (sign/symptom is hard to tolerate) (NCT00296491)
Timeframe: Baseline to 1-2 Weeks

Intervention	Points on a Scale (Mean)
Fluticasone Prop/Salmeterol/Montelukast (FSC+MON)	-2.3
Fluticasone Prop/Salmeterol/Flut Nasal Spray (FSC+FPANS)	-3.0

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline at Endpoint in Morning Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) for Per Protocol Population

Endpoint was defined as the average of the data reported from the last week of treatment. Data collected by patient throughout the treatment period between visits. The peak expiratory flow rate measures how fast a person can breathe out (exhale) air. It is one of many tests that measure how well your airways work. (NCT00296491)
Timeframe: Baseline to Endpoint (weeks 3-4)

Intervention	L/min (Mean)
Flut Prop/Salmeterol/Montelukast (FSC+MON)	30.9
Fluticasone Propionate/Salmeterol (FSC)	35.2

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline at Endpoint in Morning Peak Expiration Flow (PEF) for Intent-to-Treat Population

Intervention	L/min (Mean)
Fluticasone Prop/Salmeterol (FSC)	26.4
Montelukast (MON)	3.6

[back to top]

Asthma: Mean Change From Baseline at Endpoint in Predose Morning Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1) for Per Protocol Population

Endpoint was defined as the average of the last week's worth of evaluable data. The volume of air that can be forced out taking a deep breath, an important measure of pulmonary function. FEV1 is forced expiratory volume in one second. (NCT00296491)
Timeframe: Baseline to Endpoint (weeks 3-4)

Intervention	L/sec (Mean)
Fluticasone Propionate/Salmeterol/Montelukast (FSC+MON)	0.27
Fluticasone Propionate/Salmeterol (FSC)	0.13

[back to top]

Asthma: Mean Change From Baseline at Endpoint in Predose Morning Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1) for Intent-to-Treat Population

Intervention	L/sec (Mean)
Fluticasone Propionate/Salmeterol (FSC)	0.15
Montelukast (MON)	0.04

[back to top]

Asthma: Mean Change From Baseline at Endpoint in Percentage of Asthma Symptom-Free Days for Per Protocol Population

Asthma symptom score:0=no symptoms,1=symptoms 1 short period,2=symptoms 2 or more short periods,3=symptoms most of day not affect activities,4=symptoms most of day did affect activities,5=symptoms severe.Overall satisfaction score:0=very dissatisfied,1=dissatisfied,2=slightly dissatisfied,3=neutral,4=slightly satisfied,5=satisfied 6=very satisfied (NCT00296491)
Timeframe: Baseline to Endpoint (weeks 3-4)

Intervention	Percentage of asthma symptom-free days (Mean)
Fluticasone Propionate/Salmeterol/Montelukast (FSC+MON)	34.8
Fluticasone Propionate/Salmeterol (FSC)	37.1

[back to top]

Asthma: Mean Change From Baseline at Endpoint in Percentage of Albuterol/Salbutamol-Free Days for Per Protocol Population

Endpoint was defined as the average of the data reported from the last week of treatment. Albuterol/salbutamol use (related to percentage of asthma rescue-free days). (NCT00296491)
Timeframe: Baseline to Endpoint (weeks 3-4)

Intervention	Percentage of rescue-free days (Mean)
Fluticasone Propionate + Salmeterol & Montelukast (FSC+MON)	41.2
Fluticasone Propionate/Salmeterol (FSC)	42.9

[back to top]

Asthma: Mean Change From Baseline at Endpoint in Percentage of Albuterol-Salbutamol Free Days for Intent-to-Treat Population

Intervention	Percentage of rescue-free days (Mean)
Fluticasone Propionate/Salmeterol (FSC)	37.5
Montelukast (MON)	26.7

[back to top]

Asthma: Mean Change From Baseline at Endpoint in Percentage of Asthma Symptom-Free Days for Intent-to-Treat Population

Endpoint was defined as the average of the data reported from the last week of treatment.Asthma symptom scores and the subject-rated overall satisfaction with treatment, related to the percentage of asthma symptom-free days. Same scale used as in outcome 8. (NCT00296491)
Timeframe: Baseline to Endpoint (weeks 3-4)

Intervention	Percentage of asthma symptom-free days (Mean)
Fluticasone Propionate/Salmeterol (FSC)	34.8
Montelukast (MON)	26.1

[back to top]

Daily Average of the Mean Symptom Scores (Wheeze, Difficulty Breathing, Interference With Activity, and Daytime Cough) Assessed Over the 12-day Treatment Period of Asthma Episodes

Each day during an asthma episode, the patient's legal guardian was asked to rate each of the symptoms of Wheeze, Difficulty Breathing, Interference with Activity, and Daytime Cough on a 6-point scale (Scale 0 (best) to 5 (worst)). The average of the individual symptom scores on each of the 12 days of intermittent treatment for an episode (before the first attack) was reported. If a patient had multiple episodes over 1 year, the symptom scores were averaged across all the episodes. (NCT00337675)
Timeframe: 1 Year

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Daily Montelukast	1.08
Intermittent Montelukast	1.09
Placebo	1.20

[back to top]

Daily Average of Wheeze and Difficulty Breathing in the 3 Days Prior to Start of an Asthma Attack Within an Asthma Episode

Each day during an asthma episode, the patient's legal guardian was asked to rate each of the symptoms of wheeze and difficulty breathing on a 6-point scale (Scale 0 (best) to 5 (worst)). The average of the individual symptom scores on each of the 3 days prior to an asthma attack was reported. If a patient had multiple episodes during 1 year, the symptom scores were averaged across all the episodes. (NCT00337675)
Timeframe: 1 Year

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Daily Montelukast	1.69
Intermittent Montelukast	1.70
Placebo	1.88

[back to top]

Number of Asthma Episodes Culminating in Asthma Attack Over the 1-year Treatment Period

The rate per year of asthma episodes culminating in an asthma attack for each of the 3 treatment groups. Asthma attacks were defined as respiratory symptoms requiring healthcare resource utilization (HRU), which comprised unscheduled visits to a physician or emergency department, treatment with corticosteroids (oral, rectal, or inhaled), or hospitalization. Each day during an episode, the patient's legal guardian recorded all the HRU that was required specifically for breathing problems. (NCT00337675)
Timeframe: 1-year treatment period

Intervention	Asthma attacks within episodes per year (Mean)
Daily Montelukast	0.99
Intermittent Montelukast	1.06
Placebo	1.05

[back to top]

Peak Viral Shedding

Viral shedding was measured in both groups. Viral titers from nasal lavage were calculated after 4 tissue culture tubes containing WI38 cells (human lung diploid cells) were inoculated for each serial 10-fold dilution of samples and incubated while rolling at 33 degrees Celsius for 10 days (measurement for analysis was taken at baseline and 7 days). Tubes were read at baseline and 7 days later. TCID50 was calculated as the concentration that was capable of infecting 50% of the tubes. Viral titers are expressed as TCID50 per milliliter. Time frame measurement was at baseline and 7 days. (NCT00359073)
Timeframe: Baseline and 7 days

Intervention	TCID50 per milliliter (Median)
Montelukast	2.5
Placebo	3.5

[back to top]

Sputum Eosinophil Count

Sputum was collected from both groups over 14 days after inoculation with the cold virus. Cell counts and differentials were made from sputum samples after treatment with 0.1% dithiothreitol. Eosinophils were counted and are expressed as as percentage of cells (percent of the total number counted) at the 14 day timepoint. (NCT00359073)
Timeframe: 14 days

Intervention	percentage of eosinophils (Median)
Montelukast	0.3
Placebo	2.0

[back to top]

Mean Asthma Symptom Score

Asthma symptom scores were assessed twice per day with subjects completing a validated daytime diary card before bed and a nocturnal diary card on awakening. Subjects answered 4 questions about their asthma symptoms (0, none of the time; 6, all of the time). Daily score were calculated as the average of the 4 questions and an overall score for the week was assessed as the average of the daily scores. Time frame measurement was Day 7. (NCT00359073)
Timeframe: Day 7

Intervention	Asthma symptom score (Median)
Montelukast	2.3
Placebo	2.1

[back to top]

Triglycerides

measured by a clinical laboratory; Quest Laboratories (NCT00379808)
Timeframe: 1 month

Intervention	mg/dl (Median)
Placebo	94
Montelukast	104

[back to top]

Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist (IL1ra)

IL1ra was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) (NCT00379808)
Timeframe: 1 month

Intervention	pg/ml (Median)
Placebo	518
Montelukast	587

[back to top]

High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein

measured in a CLIA clinical laboratory facility (Quest Diagnostics, Tampa, FL) (NCT00379808)
Timeframe: 1 month

Intervention	mg/dl (Median)
Placebo	1.0
Montelukast	1.0

[back to top]

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-Cholesterol

Lipid levels were determined at a clinical laboratory (Quest Diagnostics) (NCT00379808)
Timeframe: 1 month

Intervention	mg/dl (Median)
Placebo	52
Montelukast	50

[back to top]

Epithelial Cell-derived Neutrophil-activating Peptide 78 (ENA-78)

biomarker determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. (NCT00379808)
Timeframe: 1 month

Intervention	pg/ml (Median)
Placebo	631
Montelukast	527

[back to top]

Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 (MCP-1)

biomarker was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) (NCT00379808)
Timeframe: 1 month

Intervention	pg/ml (Median)
Placebo	84
Montelukast	94

[back to top]

Summary of Change From Baseline to Endpoint in FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second).

Mean percent change from Baseline (the last non-missing value prior to treatment) in pulmonary function test FEV1 from in-office visits and at Endpoint (last non-missing postbaseline value carried forward) (NCT00394355)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to ~ one year of treatment

Intervention	percentage of FEV1 (Mean)
MF DPI 200 mcg QD PM	0.29
MF DPI 400 mcg QD PM	0.38
FP MDI 250 mcg BID	0.31
ML 10 mg QD PM	0.19

[back to top]

Mean Percent Change in the Left Total Femur From the Averaged Baseline Value to the Averaged Value at the Endpoint of Treatment Time Point

The averaged baseline value is the average of the two scan results prior to treatment. The endpoint of treatment time point is the average of the last two valid post baseline BMD scans during the treatment period carried forward. (NCT00394355)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to ~ one year of treatment

Intervention	percentage of BMD (Mean)
MF DPI 200 mcg QD PM	0.3
MF DPI 400 mcg QD PM	0.2
FP MDI 250 mcg BID	0.2
ML 10 mg QD PM	0.5

[back to top]

Mean Percent Change in the Femoral Neck BMD From the Averaged Baseline Value to the Averaged Value at the Endpoint of Treatment Time Point

Intervention	percentage of BMD (Mean)
MF DPI 200 mcg QD PM	-0.2
MF DPI 400 mcg QD PM	0.4
FP MDI 250 mcg BID	-0.4
ML 10 mg QD PM	-0.2

[back to top]

Mean Percent Change in Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density (BMD) From the Averaged Baseline Value to the Endpoint of Treatment Time Point

Intervention	percentage of BMD (Mean)
MF DPI 200 mcg QD PM	0.7
MF DPI 400 mcg QD PM	0.9
FP MDI 250 mcg BID	1.1
ML 10 mg QD PM	1.2

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in the Post-bronchodilator FEV1 Percent Predicted

(NCT00395304)
Timeframe: Measured during the last 12 weeks of each 16-week treatment period

Intervention	percentage points (Mean)
2xICS	-0.2
1xICS + LABA	-1.2
1xICS + LTRA	-0.8

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in the Logarithm Base 2 of the Methacholine PC20

The methacholine PC20 is the concentration of methacholine that causes a 20% decrease in the pre-bronchodilator FEV1. The logarithm base 2 transformation converts the PC20 into doubling dilutions. (NCT00395304)
Timeframe: Measured during the last 12 weeks of each 16-week treatment period

Intervention	doubling dilutions (Mean)
2xICS	1.11
1xICS + LABA	1.20
1xICS + LTRA	1.00

[back to top]

The Number of Participants With a Differential Response to the Three Step-up Therapies Based on Fixed Threshold Criteria for the Following Three Asthma Control Measures: Use of Oral Prednisone for Acute Asthma Exacerbations, Asthma Control Days and FEV1.

One treatment period was ranked as better than another if the total amount of prednisone received during the period was at least 180 mg less, if the number of annualized asthma-control days during the final 12 weeks of the period was increased by at least 31 days, or if the FEV1 at the end of the period was at least 5% higher. If the prednisone threshold was met, then we ignored the number of asthmacontrol days and the FEV1. If the threshold for asthma-control days was met, then we ignored the FEV1. Otherwise, the order of response was determined by the FEV1. (NCT00395304)
Timeframe: Measured during the last 12 weeks of each 16-week treatment period

Intervention	Participants (Number)
All Participants	161

[back to top]

Number of Participants With Asthma Exacerbations

An asthma exacerbation was defined as the administration of a course of oral/systemic prednisone for the treatment of asthma. (NCT00395304)
Timeframe: Measured during the last 12 weeks of each 16-week treatment period

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
2xICS	49
1xICS + LABA	35
1xICS + LTRA	37

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in the Pre-bronchodilator Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) % Predicted

(NCT00395304)
Timeframe: Measured during the last 12 weeks of each 16-week treatment period

Intervention	percentage points (Mean)
2xICS	-1.00
1xICS + LABA	-1.58
1xICS + LTRA	-1.56

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in the Natural Logarithm of Exhaled Nitric Oxide (eNO)

(NCT00395304)
Timeframe: Measured during the last 12 weeks of each 16-week treatment period

Intervention	natural logarithm of parts per billion (Mean)
2xICS	-0.04
1xICS + LABA	-0.05
1xICS + LTRA	-0.02

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in the Pre-bronchodilator Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1) % Predicted

(NCT00395304)
Timeframe: Measured during the last 12 weeks of each 16-week treatment period

Intervention	percentage points (Mean)
2xICS	0.26
1xICS + LABA	1.07
1xICS + LTRA	-0.84

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in the Morning Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) % Predicted

(NCT00395304)
Timeframe: Measured during the last 12 weeks of each 16-week treatment period

Intervention	percentage points (Mean)
2xICS	4.44
1xICS + LABA	6.26
1xICS + LTRA	4.04

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in the Pre-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC Ratio

(NCT00395304)
Timeframe: Measured during the last 12 weeks of each 16-week treatment period

Intervention	ratio (Mean)
2xICS	0.98
1xICS + LABA	2.13
1xICS + LTRA	0.55

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) Variability

PEFR variability is calculated as 100% times the difference between the evening and morning PEFR values, divided by the average of the evening and morning PEFR values, i.e., PEFR variability = 100% x (morning PEFR - evening PEFR)/((morning PEFR + evening PEFR)/2) (NCT00395304)
Timeframe: Measured during the last 12 weeks of each 16-week treatment period

Intervention	percentage points (Mean)
2xICS	2.09
1xICS + LABA	1.61
1xICS + LTRA	1.72

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in the Impulse Oscillometry Resistance at 5 Hertz

Change from baseline in the impulse oscillometry resistance at 5 Hertz, measured in kiloPascals per liters per second (NCT00395304)
Timeframe: Measured during the last 12 weeks of each 16-week treatment period

Intervention	kiloPascals per liters per second (Mean)
2xICS	-0.08
1xICS + LABA	-0.09
1xICS + LTRA	-0.06

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in the Evening Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) % Predicted

(NCT00395304)
Timeframe: Measured during the last 12 weeks of each 16-week treatment period

Intervention	percentage points (Mean)
2xICS	2.84
1xICS + LABA	4.87
1xICS + LTRA	2.29

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in the Asthma Control Test (ACT)

The ACT consists of five items, each scored as 1 (worst) to 5 (best). The five items are averaged. (NCT00395304)
Timeframe: Measured during the last 12 weeks of each 16-week treatment period

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
2xICS	1.49
1xICS + LABA	1.87
1xICS + LTRA	1.69

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Asthma Quality of Life

Asthma quality of life is measured as the average of 23 questions, each of which is scored from 1 (worse) to 7 (best) (NCT00395304)
Timeframe: Measured during the last 12 weeks of each 16-week treatment period

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
2xICS	0.2
1xICS + LABA	0.3
1xICS + LTRA	0.3

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1) Within the First 60 Minutes After Administration

The time weighted average change from Baseline in Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1) over the first 60 minutes after study drug administration (average change FEV1 (0-60 min)). Baseline (pre-allocation) was the last measurement obtained during the screening period. (NCT00442338)
Timeframe: Baseline and 60 minutes after study drug administration

Intervention	Liter (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast 7 mg	0.07
Montelukast 14 mg	0.05
Aminophylline 250 mg	0.06

[back to top]

Change From Baseline for Daytime Asthma Symptom Score

The score is an ordinal scale from 0 (no symptoms) to 5 (most symptoms). The change was calculated as the score at 12 weeks minus the score at baseline. Thus, a negative value for change from baseline indicates a favorable outcome. (NCT00442559)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12

Intervention	Units on scale (Mean)
Daytime Asthma Symptom Score at Baseline - Montelukast	0.32
Daytime Asthma Symptom Score at 12 Weeks - Montelukast	0.16
Daytime Asthma Symptom Score at Baseline - ICS	0.29
Daytime Asthma Symptom Score at 12 Weeks - ICS	0.13

[back to top]

Change From Baseline for Daily Allergic Rhinitis Symptom Score

The score is an ordinal scale from 0 (no symptoms) to 3 (most symptoms). The change was calculated as the score at 12 weeks minus the score at baseline. Thus, a negative value for change from baseline indicates a favorable outcome. (NCT00442559)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12

Intervention	Units on scale (Mean)
Daily Allergic Rhinitis Symptom Score at Baseline- Montelukast	0.45
Daily Allergic Rhinitis Symptom Score at 12 Weeks- Montelukast	0.23
Daily Allergic Rhinitis Symptom Score at Baseline - ICS	0.31
Daily Allergic Rhinitis Symptom Score 12 Weeks - ICS	0.19

[back to top]

Number of Participants With the Occurrence of One or More Health Care Utilizations (as Measured on Daily Diaries)

Health care utilization is defined as unanticipated asthma care in an office or clinic, emergent or hospital setting. (NCT00461032)
Timeframe: 8 Week treatment period initiated at the beginning of a school year

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Participants requiring Health Care Utilization	Participants not requiring Health Care Utilization
Montelukast 5 mg	55	411
Placebo	70	406

[back to top]

Percentage of Days With Increased β-agonist Use by >70% and a Minimum Increase of 2 Puffs From Baseline (as Measured on Daily Diaries) in Pediatric Asthmatic Participants

(NCT00461032)
Timeframe: 8 Week treatment period initiated at the beginning of a school year

Intervention	Percentage of Days (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	7.02
Montelukast 5 mg	6.04

[back to top]

Mean Percentage of Days With Worsening Asthma (as Measured on Daily Diaries) in Pediatric Asthmatic Participants

"A day of worsening asthma is a day with: increase from baseline in β-agonist use (> 70% and a min increase of 2 puffs); > 50% increase from baseline in daytime symptoms score; awake all night; increase from baseline in inhaled corticosteroid use ≥ 100% or oral corticosteroid rescue for worsening asthma; or unanticipated healthcare utilization." (NCT00461032)
Timeframe: 8 Week treatment period initiated at the beginning of a school year

Intervention	Percentage of Days (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	27.23
Montelukast 5 mg	24.26

[back to top]

Percentage of Days With Increased Daytime Asthma Symptom Score by >50% From Baseline (as Measured on Daily Diaries) in Pediatric Asthmatic Participants

Daytime asthma symptom score was calculated as the sum of the responses (0 (best) to 5 (worst)) to three daytime symptom questions. (NCT00461032)
Timeframe: 8 Week treatment period initiated at the beginning of a school year

Intervention	Percentage of Days (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	17.4
Montelukast 5 mg	16.03

[back to top]

Area Under the Curve for FEV1 Percent Fall From Pre-exercise Baseline to 60 Minutes Following Exercise Challenge (AUC0-60 Min) at 2 Hours Post-dose

AUC0-60min was defined as the Area Under the Curve for FEV1 percent change from pre-exercise baseline to the 60 mins following exercise challenge. The area was computed by applying the trapezoidal rule, and including only the area below the pre-exercise baseline. If a participant received β-agonist during the 60 mins after the exercise challenge, the FEV1 measurements obtained after β-agonist administration were excluded and the last pre-rescue FEV1 measurement was carried forward to the 60 mins time point in the calculation of the AUC0-60 min. Smaller values mean greater response to therapy. (NCT00534976)
Timeframe: Pre-exercise baseline to 60 minutes after the exercise challenge performed 2 hours post-dose

Intervention	percent fall * minute (Mean)
Montelukast	294.50
Placebo	415.37

[back to top]

Area Under the Curve for FEV1 Percent Fall From Pre-exercise Baseline to 60 Minutes Following Exercise Challenge (AUC0-60 Min) at 24 Hours Post-dose

Intervention	percent fall * minute (Mean)
Montelukast	229.19
Placebo	349.59

[back to top]

Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 24 Hours Post-dose

Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 was defined as the % change from pre-exercise baseline FEV1 to the lowest FEV1 within 60 mins after exercise. Spirometry measurements were taken 5 mins prior to each exercise challenge and immediately, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, & 60 mins after each exercise challenge. The 24-hour exercise challenges occurred 20-24 hours after the witnessed dose of study medication. The calculation used to produce the resulted results was [100*(1-(X/Y))] where X= the lowest FEV1 within 60 mins after exercise & Y= pre-exercise baseline FEV1. Smaller values mean greater response to therapy. (NCT00534976)
Timeframe: Pre-exercise baseline and 0-60 minutes after the exercise challenge performed 24 hours post-dose

Intervention	percent fall in FEV1 (Mean)
Montelukast	12.96
Placebo	17.22

[back to top]

Number of Participants Requiring Rescue Medication at 2 Hours Postdose

This endpoint was defined as the number of participants requiring rescue medication with β-agonist within the 90 mins following exercise challenge. The 2-hour exercise challenges occurred 2 hours after the witnessed dose of study medication. (NCT00534976)
Timeframe: 0-90 minutes after the exercise challenge at 2 hours postdose

Intervention	participants (Number)
Montelukast	1
Placebo	2

[back to top]

Number of Participants Requiring Rescue Medication at 24 Hours Postdose

This endpoint was defined as the number of participants requiring rescue medication with β-agonist within the 90 mins following exercise challenge. The 24-hour exercise challenges occurred 20-24 hours after the witnessed dose of study medication. (NCT00534976)
Timeframe: 0-90 minutes after the exercise challenge at 24 hours postdose

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Montelukast	0
Placebo	2

[back to top]

Time to Recovery From Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 at 2 Hours Post-dose

"This endpoint was defined as the duration between the time at which the maximum percent fall in FEV1 occurred & the time when the percent fall in FEV1 returned to within 5% of the pre-exercise baseline for the first time.~Spirometry measurements were taken 5 mins prior to each exercise challenge & immediately, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, & 60 mins after each exercise challenge. If participant had not returned to within 5% of the pre-exercise FEV1 value by 60 mins, then measurements were obtained at 75 & 90 mins.~The 2-hour exercise challenges occurred 2 hours after the witnessed dose of medication." (NCT00534976)
Timeframe: 0-60 minutes and 0-90 minutes after the exercise challenge at 2 hours postdose

Intervention	Minutes (Mean)
Montelukast	16.21
Placebo	24.48

[back to top]

Time to Recovery From Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 at 24 Hours Post-dose

This endpoint was defined as the duration between the time at which the maximum percent fall in FEV1 occurred & the time when the percent fall in FEV1 returned to within 5% of the pre-exercise baseline for the first time. Spirometry measurements were taken 5 mins prior to each exercise challenge & immediately, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45 & 60 mins after each exercise challenge. If participant had not returned to within 5% of the pre-exercise FEV1 value by 60 mins, then measurements were obtained at 75 & 90 mins. The 24-hour exercise challenges occurred 20-24 hours after the witnessed dose of medication. (NCT00534976)
Timeframe: 0-60 minutes and 0-90 minutes after the exercise challenge at 24 hours postdose

Intervention	Minutes (Mean)
Montelukast	11.58
Placebo	18.46

[back to top]

Maximum Percent Fall in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) After Exercise Challenge at 2 Hours Postdose

Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 was defined as the % change from pre-exercise baseline FEV1 to the lowest FEV1 within 60 mins (minutes) after exercise. Spirometry measurements were taken 5 mins prior to each exercise challenge and immediately, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, & 60 mins after each exercise challenge. The 2-hour exercise challenges occurred 2 hours after the witnessed dose of study medication. The calculation used to produce the results was [100*(1-(X/Y))] where X= the lowest FEV1 within 60 mins after exercise & Y= pre-exercise baseline FEV1. Smaller values mean greater response to therapy. (NCT00534976)
Timeframe: Pre-exercise baseline and 0-60 minutes after the exercise challenge performed 2 hours post-dose

Intervention	Percent fall in FEV1 (Mean)
Montelukast	15.35
Placebo	20.00

[back to top]

The Mean Change in Mini Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (MiniRQLQ) Overall Score

Mini Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (MiniRQLQ) consists of 14 questions to assess patient's overall quality of life related to allergic rhinitis on a scale of 0 (least impairment) to 6 (greatest impairment). The score is the mean of the 14 questions, ranging from 0 to 6. Change is computed as Week 8 score - Week 0 score (NCT00545844)
Timeframe: 8 weeks (from Week 0 to Week 8)

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Mean)
Treatment Phase (All Patients) Week 8	-1.45

[back to top]

Asthma Control

"Asthma control was assessed by the Canadian Asthma Consensus Guidelines at week 0 and week 8. Patients were considered uncontrolled if they answered yes to at least 2 of the 8 asthma control parameters." (NCT00545844)
Timeframe: 8 weeks (from Week 0 to Week 8)

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Uncontrolled	Controlled	Missing
Treatment Phase (All Patients) Week 0	312	0	1
Treatment Phase (All Patients) Week 8	72	229	0

[back to top]

Patient Global Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms Assessment

At week 0 and week 8, patients were asked to complete one question describing their perception of their allergic rhinitis symptoms. (NCT00545844)
Timeframe: 8 weeks (from Week 0 to Week 8)

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	A non-issue as I do not have these symptoms	Not really bothersome	Bothersome a little of the time	Bothersome some of the time	Bothersome a good bit of the time	Missing
Treatment Phase (All Patients) Week 0	11	35	73	91	94	9
Treatment Phase (All Patients) Week 8	41	129	77	40	13	1

[back to top]

Patient Global Satisfaction

At week 0 and week 8, patients were asked to complete a single question describing how satisfied they were regarding their asthma controller medication. (NCT00545844)
Timeframe: 8 weeks (from Week 0 to Week 8)

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Very satisfied	Satisfied	Neither satisfied or dissatisfied	Dissatisfied	Very dissatisfied	Missing
Treatment Phase (All Patients) Week 0	24	77	104	97	11	0
Treatment Phase (All Patients) Week 8	136	110	36	16	1	2

[back to top]

Physician Global Satisfaction

At week 0 and week 8, physicians were asked to complete a single question describing how satisfied they were regarding their patient's asthma controller medication. (NCT00545844)
Timeframe: 8 weeks (from Week 0 to Week 8)

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Very satisfied	Satisfied	Neither satisfied or dissatisfied	Dissatisfied	Very dissatisfied	Missing
Treatment Phase (All Patients) Week 0	7	54	104	142	4	2
Treatment Phase (All Patients) Week 8	135	110	30	25	1	0

[back to top]

Effectiveness of Montelukast Therapy Used in Combination With Inhaled Corticosteroids or Inhaled Corticosteroids / Long-Acting Beta 2-Agonist in Improving the Symptoms of Asthma Using the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ)

The Asthma Control Questionnaire consists of 7 specific questions that were used to assess patient asthma control at week 0 and week 8. The mean score per question is used to determine the level of control, with a final score ranging from 0 (well-controlled) to 6 (extremely poorly controlled) units on a scale. (NCT00545844)
Timeframe: 8 weeks (from Week 0 to Week 8)

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Mean)
Treatment Phase (All Patients) Week 0	2.03
Treatment Phase (All Patients) Week 8	0.92

[back to top]

Mean Change in Pruritus

"Mean change in pruritus scores from baseline to study visit 4 (week 1 compared to week 9) for all subjects in each arm. Pruritus assessments (itch) will be recorded for the previous 24 hours using a 4 point-scale, ranging from none (0) to severe (3). Scores are cumulative per week." (NCT00557284)
Timeframe: Baseline and 9 weeks

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Treatment Arm	-0.82
Placebo Arm	0.32

[back to top]

Mean Change in Serum IgE Levels

Mean change in serum levels of IgE from baseline to study visit 4 (week 1 compared to week 9) for all subjects in each arm. (NCT00557284)
Timeframe: Baseline and 9 weeks

Intervention	kU/L (Mean)
Treatment Arm	100.5
Placebo Arm	216.1

[back to top]

Mean Change in Weekly Use of Rescue Medication for AD Flare-up - Cetirizine and/or 10% Hydrocortisone Cream

Average of weekly use of cetirizine and/or 10% hydrocortisone cream will be compared for all subjects in each arm from week 1 to week 9. Flare-up is defined as a worsening of the disease that is unacceptable to the participants and leads to second line topical steroid use and/or liquid anti-histamine use. Measurement is noted as 1 for daily use (does not correspond to multiple uses per day). (NCT00557284)
Timeframe: Baseline and 9 weeks

Intervention	days/week (Mean)
	Cetirizine use	10% Hydrocortisone cream use
Placebo Arm	0.91	2.0
Treatment Arm	-0.56	0.78

[back to top]

Mean Change in Serum and Urinary Inflammatory Marker Levels

Mean change in levels from baseline to study visit 4 (week 1 compared to week 9)for interleukin 3 (IL3), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), nerve growth factor (NGF), and urinary leukotriene E4 (LTE4) (NCT00557284)
Timeframe: Baseline and 9 weeks

Intervention	pg/ml (Mean)
	IL3	TNF alpha	NGF	Urine LTE4
Placebo Arm	-7.9	-16.4	-58.8	-20.42
Treatment Arm	-9.0	2.3	30.9	-2.1

[back to top]

Change in Percentage of Body Involvement

Change in percentage of body involvement from baseline to study visit 4 (week 1 compared to week 9) for all subjects in each arm for AD as measured by study investigator (NCT00557284)
Timeframe: Baseline and 9 weeks

Intervention	Change of percentage in body involvement (Mean)
Treatment Arm	-2.0
Placebo Arm	0.15

[back to top]

Mean Change in (Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale) GSRS

The mean change from baseline to study visit 4 (week 1 compared to week 9) in GRGS scores (GI symptoms will be recorded on *GSRS validated scale adjusted for pediatrics (*Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Peptic Ulcer Disease) for all subjects in each arm.This scale measures 7 different GI symptoms (1. abdominal pain; 2. nausea and vomiting; 3. abdominal dissention; 4. decreased passage of stools; 5. increased passage of stools; 6. loose stools; 7. hard stools) with severity ranges from 0 - 3 for each point (0 being no complaint and 3 being most severe for a maximum total of 21). (NCT00557284)
Timeframe: Baseline and 9 weeks

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Treatment Arm	-3.03
Placebo Arm	-4.1

[back to top]

Mean Change in Investigator Global Assessment (IGA)

The mean change in IGA from baseline to study visit 4 (week 1 compared to week 9) for all subjects in each arm. The IGA is a six-point measure of disease severity and is evaluated by the investigator based on the overall assessment of skin lesions: 0=clear, 1=almost clear, 2=mild, 3=moderate, 4=severe, 5= very severe. (NCT00557284)
Timeframe: Baseline and 9 weeks

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Treatment Arm	-.11
Placebo Arm	-.70

[back to top]

Mean Change in PADC (Caregivers Perception of Disease Control)

Mean change in PADC from baseline to study visit 4 (week 1 compared to week 9) for all subjects in each arm. Caregiver's evaluation of disease control over the previous 7 days and will consist of a four-point scale ranging from complete control (0) to uncontrolled disease (3) (NCT00557284)
Timeframe: Baseline and 9 weeks

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Treatment Arm	-.78
Placebo Arm	-0.10

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Fatigue and Daytime Sleepiness at 2 Weeks

"Daytime sleepiness was assessed on a scale of 0 (none) to 4 with 4 being severe.~To determine improvement of daytime sleepiness with active therapy we used a scale of 0 to 4 with 0 being no improvement and 4 being maximal improvement.~To determine improvement of daytime fatigue with active therapy we used a scale of 0 to 4 with 0 being no improvement and 4 being significant improvement.~For all three above we used data from the last 3 days were averaged and mean of change for each day." (NCT00590772)
Timeframe: baseline and 2 weeks

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	daytime sleepiness	improved daytime sleepiness	improved daytime fatigue
Montelukast	-0.64	0.46	0.43
Placebo	0.13	-0.25	-0.32

[back to top]

Area Under the Curve From 0 to 24 Hours (AUC 0-24hr) of Montelukast - Single Dose

Blood samples for assessment of AUC 0-24hr were drawn predose and then at specified timepoints (up to 24 hours postdose) on Day 1 in Part I. (NCT00636207)
Timeframe: Up to 24 hours postdose

Intervention	ng/mL*hr (Mean)
Montelukast 0.1 mg	NA
Montelukast 0.3 mg	NA
Montelukast 0.3 mg Repeat	NA
Montelukast 1 mg	155
Montelukast 3 mg	491
Montelukast 10 mg	1600

[back to top]

Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Montelukast - Single Dose

Blood samples for assessment of Cmax were drawn predose and then at specified timepoints (up to 24 hours postdose) on Day 1 in Part I. (NCT00636207)
Timeframe: Up to 24 hours postdose

Intervention	ng/mL (Mean)
Montelukast 0.1 mg	NA
Montelukast 0.3 mg	5.10
Montelukast 0.3 mg Repeat	5.24
Montelukast 1 mg	18.5
Montelukast 3 mg	54.3
Montelukast 10 mg	224

[back to top]

Number of Participants Who Discontinued Study Drug Due to an Adverse Event

(NCT00636207)
Timeframe: Up to 7 days after last dose of study drug

Intervention	participants (Number)
Montelukast 0.1 mg	0
Montelukast 0.3 mg	1
Montelukast 1 mg	0
Montelukast 3 mg	0
Montelukast 10 mg	0
Placebo	0

[back to top]

Number of Participants Who Experienced At Least One Adverse Event

(NCT00636207)
Timeframe: Up to 14 days after last dose of study drug

Intervention	participants (Number)
Montelukast 0.1 mg	2
Montelukast 0.3 mg	4
Montelukast 1 mg	6
Montelukast 3 mg	9
Montelukast 10 mg	5
Placebo	6

[back to top]

Time to Cmax (Tmax) of Montelukast - Single Dose

Blood samples for assessment of Tmax were drawn predose and then at specified timepoints (up to 24 hours postdose) on Day 1 in Part I. (NCT00636207)
Timeframe: Up to 24 hours postdose

Intervention	hours (Median)
Montelukast 0.1 mg	NA
Montelukast 0.3 mg	2.5
Montelukast 0.3 mg Repeat	4.0
Montelukast 1 mg	2.4
Montelukast 3 mg	0.8
Montelukast 10 mg	0.5

[back to top]

AUC 0-24hr Accumulation Ratio of Montelukast - Multiple Doses

The AUC 0-24hr Accumulation Ratio of Montelukast was calculated as the geometric mean ratio of AUC 0-24hr on the last day and the first day of a multiple dose regimen: Day 5/Day 1 in Part II and Day 10/Day 1 in Part III. (NCT00636207)
Timeframe: up to 10 days after first dose of study drug

Intervention	ratio (Number)
	Part II (n=6)	Part III (n=6)
Montelukast 1 mg	1.61	NA
Montelukast 10 mg	1.2	1.26
Montelukast 3 mg	1.44	1.19

[back to top]

AUC 0-24hr of Montelukast - Multiple Doses

Blood samples for assessment of AUC 0-24hr were drawn predose and then at specified timepoints (up to 24 hours postdose) on Days 1 and 5 in Part II and on Days 1 and 10 in Part III. (NCT00636207)
Timeframe: Up to 24 hours postdose

Intervention	ng/mL*hr (Mean)
	Part II Day 1 (n=6)	Part II Day 5 (n=6)	Part III Day 1 (n=6)	Part III Day 10 (n=6)
Montelukast 1 mg	132	214	NA	NA
Montelukast 10 mg	1576	1850	1500	1880
Montelukast 3 mg	403	576	357	526

[back to top]

Tmax of Montelukast - Multiple Doses

Blood samples for assessment of Tmax were drawn predose and then at specified timepoints (up to 24 hours postdose) on Days 1 and 5 in Part II and on Days 1 and 10 in Part III. (NCT00636207)
Timeframe: Up to 24 hours postdose

Intervention	hours (Median)
	Part II Day 1 (n=6)	Part II Day 5 (n=6)	Part III Day 1 (n=6)	Part III Day 10 (n=6)
Montelukast 1 mg	2.4	0.7	NA	NA
Montelukast 10 mg	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.5
Montelukast 3 mg	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5

[back to top]

Cmax Accumulation Ratio of Montelukast - Multiple Doses

The Cmax Accumulation Ratio of Montelukast was calculated as the geometric mean ratio of Cmax on the last day and the first day of a multiple dose regimen: Day 5/Day 1 in Part II and Day 10/Day 1 in Part III. (NCT00636207)
Timeframe: up to 10 days after first dose of study drug

Intervention	ratio (Number)
	Part II (n=6)	Part III (n=6)
Montelukast 1 mg	1.73	NA
Montelukast 10 mg	1.03	1.22
Montelukast 3 mg	1.27	1.03

[back to top]

Apparent Terminal Half Life (t1/2) of Montelukast - Single Dose

Blood samples for assessment of t1/2 were drawn predose and then at specified timepoints (up to 24 hours postdose) on Day 1 in Part I. (NCT00636207)
Timeframe: Up to 24 hours postdose

Intervention	hours (Mean)
Montelukast 0.1 mg	NA
Montelukast 0.3 mg	NA
Montelukast 0.3 mg Repeat	NA
Montelukast 1 mg	5.7
Montelukast 3 mg	6.9
Montelukast 10 mg	5.7

[back to top]

Cmax of Montelukast - Multiple Doses

Blood samples for assessment of Cmax were drawn predose and then at specified timepoints (up to 24 hours postdose) on Days 1 and 5 in Part II and on Days 1 and 10 in Part III. (NCT00636207)
Timeframe: Up to 24 hours postdose

Intervention	ng/mL (Mean)
	Part II Day 1 (n=6)	Part II Day 5 (n=6)	Part III Day 1 (n=6)	Part III Day 10 (n=6)
Montelukast 1 mg	13.8	23.4	NA	NA
Montelukast 10 mg	233	242	184	225
Montelukast 3 mg	60	76	44.3	64.8

[back to top]

t1/2 of Montelukast - Multiple Doses

Blood samples for assessment of t1/2 were drawn predose and then at specified timepoints (up to 24 hours postdose) on Days 1 and 5 in Part II and on Days 1 and 10 in Part III. (NCT00636207)
Timeframe: Up to 24 hours postdose

Intervention	hours (Mean)
	Part II Day 5 (n=6)	Part III Day 10 (n=6)
Montelukast 1 mg	8.2	NA
Montelukast 10 mg	7.7	7.4
Montelukast 3 mg	7.6	8.1

[back to top]

Number of Participants With Stable or Improved Predicted Forced Expiratory Volume 1 (FEV-1) With Published Literature

Responsive disease (RD) will be defined as ≥15% absolute improvement in the percentage predicted FEV-1. Progressive disease (PD) will be defined as >15% decrease in FEV-1 documented on 2 pulmonary function test (PFT) evaluations greater than 2 weeks apart. Stable disease (SD) will be defined as <15% change in the absolute FEV-1. (NCT00656058)
Timeframe: 180 days

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Increased 5-13% of predicted	Stable	Declined	Missing
Montelukast to Treat Bronchiolitis Obliterans	5	7	6	1

[back to top]

Number of Participants With Improved, Stable or Declined Forced Expiratory Volume 1 (FEV-1) Slope at 6 Months

FEV-1 slope of decline was generated using regression line of FEV-1 value vs. days post hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Responsive disease (RD) for the slope of FEV-1 change will be an increase in the slope of absolute FEV-1. Progressive disease (PD) for the slope of FEV-1 change will be a decrease in the slope of absolute FEV-1. Stable disease (SD) for the slope of FEV-1 change will be a 0 change in FEV-1 slope. (NCT00656058)
Timeframe: 180 days

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Improved	Stable	Declined
Montelukast to Treat Bronchiolitis Obliterans	9	9	1

[back to top]

Number of Participants With Adverse Events

Here is the number of participants with adverse events. For a detailed list of adverse events, see the adverse event module. (NCT00656058)
Timeframe: Date treatment consent signed to date off study, approximately 71 months and 17 days

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Montelukast to Treat Bronchiolitis Obliterans	20

[back to top]

Number of Non-Infected Participants at Baseline With Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor Expression on Cluster of Differentiation (CD4) and CD8 T Cells, Granulocytes, and Eosinophils in Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) Fluid

Fluid from the bronchoalveolar lavage in adult participants (pediatric optional) will be collected and sent to the lab to be evaluated for infectious diseases by flow cytometry (NCT00656058)
Timeframe: Day 1 of study

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Montelukast to Treat Bronchiolitis Obliterans	19

[back to top]

Forced Expiratory Volume 1 (FEV-1)/Vital Capacity (VC)

Pulmonary function test performed for eligibility and baseline. (NCT00656058)
Timeframe: Baseline

Intervention	Ratio (Median)
Montelukast to Treat Bronchiolitis Obliterans	0.5

[back to top]

Percentage Overall 2-Year Survival

Percentage of participants alive at 2 years. (NCT00656058)
Timeframe: 2 years

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Montelukast to Treat Bronchiolitis Obliterans	84

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Daytime Asthma Symptom Score

To determine the effect of 2 weeks of treatment with inhaled montelukast plus mometasone and mometasone alone on asthma symptoms assessed by average change from baseline in daytime asthma symptom score (which could range from 0 [best] to 6 [worst]) over the 2 week treatment period; measurements taken at 1 and 2 weeks contributed to the average. (NCT00666679)
Timeframe: Baseline and 2 weeks

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast + Mometasone	-0.39
Placebo + Mometasone	-0.24

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume; Volume of Air That is Exhaled During the First Second of a Forced Exhalation)

To determine the effect of 2 weeks of treatment with inhaled montelukast plus mometasone and mometasone alone on bronchodilation assessed by average change from baseline in FEV1 over the 2 week treatment period; measurements taken at 1 and 2 weeks contributed to the average. (NCT00666679)
Timeframe: Baseline and 2 weeks

Intervention	L (Liter) (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast + Mometasone	0.22
Placebo + Mometasone	0.17

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume; Volume of Air That is Exhaled During the First Second of a Forced Exhalation) in Patients Who Met Lung Function Eligibility Criteria Specifically at the Randomization Visit.

To determine the effect of 2 weeks of treatment with inhaled montelukast plus mometasone and mometasone alone on bronchodilation assessed by average change from baseline in FEV1 over the 2 week treatment period in patients who met lung function eligibility criteria at randomization; measurements taken at 1 and 2 weeks contributed to average. (NCT00666679)
Timeframe: Baseline and 2 Weeks

Intervention	L (Liter) (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast + Mometasone	0.27
Placebo + Mometasone	0.19

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Nighttime Asthma Symptom Score

To determine the effect of 2 weeks of treatment with inhaled montelukast plus mometasone and mometasone alone on asthma symptoms assessed by average change from baseline in nighttime asthma symptom score (which could range from 0 [best] to 3 [worst]) over the 2 week treatment period; measurements taken at 1 and 2 weeks contributed to the average. (NCT00666679)
Timeframe: Baseline and 2 weeks

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast + Mometasone	-0.28
Placebo + Mometasone	-0.18

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Total Daily β-agonist Use

To determine the effect of 2 weeks of treatment with inhaled montelukast plus mometasone and mometasone alone on as-needed β-agonist use assessed by average change from baseline in total daily β-agonist use over the 2 week treatment period; measurements taken at 1 and 2 weeks contributed to the average. (NCT00666679)
Timeframe: Baseline and 2 weeks

Intervention	Puffs (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast + Mometasone	-0.87
Placebo + Mometasone	-0.27

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Total Peripheral Blood Eosinophils

To determine the effect of 2 weeks of treatment with inhaled montelukast plus mometasone and mometasone alone on change from baseline in total peripheral blood eosinophils during the 2 week treatment period. (NCT00666679)
Timeframe: Baseline and 2 weeks

Intervention	10^3/microliter (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast + Mometasone	-0.05
Placebo + Mometasone	0.02

[back to top]

Percentage of Days With Asthma Control

To determine the effect of 2 weeks of treatment with inhaled montelukast plus mometasone and mometasone alone on asthma control assessed by average percentage of days with asthma control over the 2 week treatment period; measurements taken at 1 and 2 weeks contributed to the average. (NCT00666679)
Timeframe: 2 weeks

Intervention	Percentage of Days (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast + Mometasone	35.13
Placebo + Mometasone	29.04

[back to top]

Percentage of Days With Asthma Exacerbations

To determine the effect of 2 weeks of treatment with inhaled montelukast plus mometasone and mometasone alone on worsening of asthma assessed by percentage of days with asthma exacerbations during the 2 week treatment period. (NCT00666679)
Timeframe: 2 Weeks

Intervention	Percentage of Days (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast + Mometasone	9.71
Placebo + Mometasone	15.14

[back to top]

Sputum RANTES Levels

Week 24 sputum RANTES levels in active treatment groups were measured. (NCT00712335)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Intervention	pg/ml (Mean)
Asthmatic Smokers Treated With Combination Therapy	42.79
Asthmatic Smoker Treated With Montelukast Only	44.03
Non-smoking Asthmatic Treated With Combination Therapy	41.78
Non-smoking Asthmatic Treated With Montelukast Only	36.41

[back to top]

Sputum Eosinophil Percentages

Secondary endpoints of inflammatory markers (sputum eosinophil percentages at 24 weeks) were measured in active treatment groups (NCT00712335)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Intervention	percentage of eosinophils (Mean)
Asthmatic Smokers Treated With Combination Therapy	2.33
Asthmatic Smoker Treated With Montelukast Only	3.60
Non-smoking Asthmatic Treated With Combination Therapy	1.60
Non-smoking Asthmatic Treated With Montelukast Only	3.26

[back to top]

Sputum IL-8 Levels

Week 24 sputum IL-8 levels in active treatment groups (NCT00712335)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Intervention	pg/ml (Mean)
Asthmatic Smokers Treated With Combination Therapy	334545
Asthmatic Smoker Treated With Montelukast Only	26,300
Non-smoking Asthmatic Treated With Combination Therapy	3602
Non-smoking Asthmatic Treated With Montelukast Only	317778

[back to top]

Sputum Neutrophil Percentages

Week 24 sputum neutrophil percentages were measured in active treatment groups. (NCT00712335)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Intervention	percentage of neutrophils (Mean)
Asthmatic Smokers Treated With Combination Therapy	86.00
Asthmatic Smoker Treated With Montelukast Only	72.53
Non-smoking Asthmatic Treated With Combination Therapy	89.33
Non-smoking Asthmatic Treated With Montelukast Only	79.84

[back to top]

Sputum IFN-gamma/IL-5 Ratios

Week 24 sputum IFN-gamma/IL-5 ratios were determined in active treatment groups. (NCT00712335)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Intervention	ratio (Mean)
Asthmatic Smokers Treated With Combination Therapy	627.4
Asthmatic Smoker Treated With Montelukast Only	272.4
Non-smoking Asthmatic Treated With Combination Therapy	183.8
Non-smoking Asthmatic Treated With Montelukast Only	279.0

[back to top]

Sputum GM-CSF Levels

Week 24 sputum GM-CSF levels in active treatment groups were measured. (NCT00712335)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Intervention	pg/ml (Mean)
Asthmatic Smokers Treated With Combination Therapy	17.60
Asthmatic Smoker Treated With Montelukast Only	15.18
Non-smoking Asthmatic Treated With Combination Therapy	13.92
Non-smoking Asthmatic Treated With Montelukast Only	12.16

[back to top]

Sputum Eotaxin Levels

Week 24 sputum eotaxin levels in active treatment groups were measured. (NCT00712335)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Intervention	pg/ml (Mean)
Asthmatic Smokers Treated With Combination Therapy	47.13
Asthmatic Smoker Treated With Montelukast Only	87.90
Non-smoking Asthmatic Treated With Combination Therapy	65.14
Non-smoking Asthmatic Treated With Montelukast Only	64.61

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in FEV1 Over 90 Minutes After Albuterol/Placebo Administration

FEV1 measurements taken at 0 (=baseline), 15, 30, 60, and 90 minutes after albuterol/placebo administration contributed to the average change from baseline over 90 minutes. The number of minutes between consecutive measurements was used as weighting factor. The time-weighted average change was standardized by dividing by the time associated with the last measurement. (NCT00739297)
Timeframe: 4 hours (equals time point at which albuterol or albuterol placebo is administered) to 5.5 hours after treatment with montelukast

Intervention	L (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast+Albuterol	0.34
Montelukast+ Placebo	0.15

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in FEV1 Over 4 Hours

FEV1 measurements taken at 0 (=baseline), 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180 and 240 minutes contributed to the average change from baseline over 4 hours. The number of minutes between consecutive measurements was used as weighting factor. The time-weighted average change was standardized by dividing by the time associated with the last measurement. (NCT00739297)
Timeframe: 0 (=baseline) to 4 hours after treatment with montelukast

Intervention	L (Liter) (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	0.03
25 mcg Montelukast	0.07
100 mcg Montelukast	0.13
250 mcg Montelukast	0.10
500 mcg Montelukast	0.09
1000 mcg Montelukast	0.12

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in FEV1 at 8 Hours After Treatment With Montelukast

Average change from baseline in FEV1 at 8 hours after single dose montelukast administration. (NCT00739297)
Timeframe: 0 (baseline) and 8 hours after treatment with montelukast

Intervention	L (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	0.06
25 mcg Montelukast	0.11
100 mcg Montelukast	0.13
250 mcg Montelukast	0.11
500 mcg Montelukast	0.12
1000 mcg Montelukast	0.14

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in FEV1 at 24 Hours After Treatment With Montelukast

Average change from baseline in FEV1 at 24 hours after single dose montelukast administration. (NCT00739297)
Timeframe: 0 (baseline) and 24 hours after treatment with montelukast

Intervention	L (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	0.02
25 mcg Montelukast	0.05
100 mcg Montelukast	0.10
250 mcg Montelukast	0.06
500 mcg Montelukast	0.08
1000 mcg Montelukast	0.09

[back to top]

Physician Global Satisfaction

At week 0, 4, 8 and 12, physicians were asked to complete a single question describing how satisfied they were regarding the asthma controller medication for each of their enrolled patients. (NCT00832455)
Timeframe: week 0, 4, 8 and 12

,,,

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Very satisfied	Satisfied	Neither Satisfied or Dissatisfied	Dissatisfied	Very Dissatisfied	Missing
Montelukast ITT at Week 0	2	23	96	266	26	7
Montelukast ITT at Week 12	186	136	32	14	3	2
Montelukast ITT at Week 4	130	148	101	28	1	3
Montelukast ITT at Week 8	116	100	22	7	0	2

[back to top]

Patient Global Satisfaction

At week 0, 4, 8 and 12, patients were asked to complete a single question describing how satisfied they were regarding their asthma controller medication. (NCT00832455)
Timeframe: Week 0, 4, 8 and 12

,,,

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Very Satisfied	Satisfied	Neither Satisfied or Dissatisfied	Dissatisfied	Very Dissatisfied	Missing
Montelukast ITT at Week 0	11	62	137	190	18	2
Montelukast ITT at Week 12	194	120	48	7	2	2
Montelukast ITT at Week 4	145	161	74	26	3	2
Montelukast ITT at Week 8	129	87	24	6	0	1

[back to top]

Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ)

ACQ is a questionnaire consisting of seven 7-point Likert scale questions describing frequency and severity of asthma symptoms. Score ranges between 0 (well-controlled) and 6 (extremely poorly controlled); a score of ≤0.75 indicates well controlled symptoms. (NCT00832455)
Timeframe: Week 0, 4, and 12

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Not tapered and Not well controlled	Not tapered and Well controlled	Tapered and Not well controlled	Tapered and Well controlled	Missing
Montelukast ITT at Week 0	144	208	15	43	1
Montelukast ITT at Week 12	82	216	14	60	1
Montelukast ITT at Week 4	60	121	14	52	0

[back to top]

Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ)

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Not well controlled	Well controlled	Missing
Montelukast ITT at Week 0	328	91	1
Montelukast ITT at Week 12	96	276	1
Montelukast ITT at Week 4	159	251	1

[back to top]

Pediatric Asthma Caregiver's Quality of Life Questionnaire (PACQLQ)

"The change in the quality of life of the caregivers of patients treated with montelukast for the control of asthma used in combination with inhaled corticosteroids, using the Pediatric Asthma Caregiver's Quality of Life Questionnaire (PACQLQ).~PACQLQ score ranges between 1 (severe impairment) and 7 (no impairment) where a higher score indicates better quality of life. An average change in overall score ≥0.7 is considered clinically significant. Changes between visits and baseline are described." (NCT00832455)
Timeframe: Weeks 4, 8, and 12

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Mean)
Montelukast ITT at Week 4	1.06
Montelukast ITT at Week 8	1.39
Montelukast ITT at Week 12	1.36

[back to top]

Duration of Cough

(NCT00863317)
Timeframe: up to 4 weeks

Intervention	days (Median)
Montelukast	13
Placebo	11

[back to top]

Changes in SCORAD Index

Changes of SCORAD(SCORing Atopic Dermatitis) index after taking Montelukast or placebo drug. SCORAD calculation: Extent(%)/5 + 7*Intensity/2 + subjective symptoms (minimum score 0, maximum score 103) (SCORAD index >40: severe, 15-40:moderate, <15: mild) (NCT00903357)
Timeframe: 18 weeks after patient recruitment

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Montelukast Sodium	-3.0
Placebo Drug	-5.7

[back to top]

Changes in Urinary EDN

Changes of Urinary EDN(Eosinophil Derived Neurotoxin) after taking Montelukast or placebo drug. Urinary EDN levels were measured using an ELISA (MBL, Woburn, MA, USA) and the intra-assay and inter-assay variations were 3.0 ± 0.5 and 7.7 ± 1.5, respectively. Minimum value: 0, Maximum value: 2040 ng/ml. (NCT00903357)
Timeframe: 18 weeks after participants recruitment

Intervention	Urine EDN (ng/ml) (Mean)
Montelukast Sodium	37.0
Placebo Drug	-195.8

[back to top]

Changes in Urinary LTE4

Changes of Urinary LTE4(Leukotrien E4) after taking Montelukast or placebo drug. Urinary LTE4 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) (Cayman Chemical, Michigan, USA) and the intra-assay and inter-assay variations were 7.4 ± 2.1 and 12.4 ± 7.8, respectively. Minimum value : 0 Maximum vlaue: 1000 pg/ml. (NCT00903357)
Timeframe: 18 weeks after patient recruitment

Intervention	Urinary LTE4 (pg/ml) (Mean)
Montelukast Sodium	-65.9
Placebo Drug	87.7

[back to top]

Mean Percent Change From Baseline in Total Daily Beta-agonist Medication Use

Beta-agonist medication use from the daytime and overnight asthma symptoms diaries for each 24-hour period was added to determine the daily total number of puffs used. The average daily number of puffs for the visit was determined as the average daily number of puffs over all days between consecutive visits. (NCT00911547)
Timeframe: Baseline & over 16 weeks for the Beclo and MK + Beclo groups and over last 10 weeks for the Placebo and MK groups

Intervention	Percent Change (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	59.20
Montelukast	44.48
Beclomethasone	6.04
Montelukast+ Beclomethasone	-5.51

[back to top]

Mean Percent Change From Baseline in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) in Patients With Chronic Asthma

Mean percent change from baseline in FEV1 in patients with chronic asthma averaged over 16 weeks for the Beclo and MK+ Beclo groups and averaged over last 10 weeks for the Placebo and MK groups (NCT00911547)
Timeframe: Baseline & over 16 weeks for the Beclomethasone (Beclo) and Montelukast (MK) + Beclo groups and over last 10 weeks for the Placebo and MK groups

Intervention	Percentage of Change (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-11.96
Montelukast	-5.31
Beclomethasone	0.72
Montelukast+ Beclomethasone	5.08

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Nocturnal Asthma Score on the Overnight Asthma Symptoms Diary in Nocturnal Asthmatic Patients Only

"Mean change from baseline in Nocturnal asthma score; the patient scored his/her symptoms [from 0 (best) to 3 (worst)] on a daily basis. Responses to the question, Did you wake up with asthma symptoms? (no, once, more than once, awake all night), were assigned numerical values (0, 1, 2, 3, respectively).~The average score for the visit was determined by averaging the daily scores over all days between consecutive visits." (NCT00911547)
Timeframe: Baseline & over 16 weeks for the Beclo and MK + Beclo groups and over last 10 weeks for the Placebo and MK groups

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	0.17
Montelukast	0.18
Beclomethasone	-0.06
Montelukast+ Beclomethasone	-0.20

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Morning Peak Flow Rate (PEFR) in Patients With Chronic Asthma

Morning PEFR was measured in triplicate immediately upon arising before taking any medication and the best value recorded on the overnight asthma symptoms diary. The mean morning PEFR for the visit was determined by averaging all valid PEFR measurements for the days between consecutive visits. (NCT00911547)
Timeframe: Baseline & over 16 weeks for the Beclo and MK + Beclo groups and over last 10 weeks for the Placebo and MK groups

Intervention	Liters/minute (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-27.10
Montelukast	-15.37
Beclomethasone	2.65
Montelukast+ Beclomethasone	10.41

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Symptom Score on the Daytime Asthma Symptoms Diary in Patients With Chronic Asthma

"The daily daytime symptom score was determined by averaging the daily scores (the patient scored his/her symptoms [from 0 (best) to 6 (worst)] on a daily basis.) for the four questions on the Daytime Asthma Symptoms Diary.~The average daytime symptom score for the visit was determined by averaging the daily symptom scores over all days between two consecutive visits." (NCT00911547)
Timeframe: Baseline & over 16 weeks for the Beclo and MK + Beclo groups and over last 10 weeks for the Placebo and MK groups

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	0.31
Montelukast	0.27
Beclomethasone	-0.02
Montelukast+ Beclomethasone	-0.13

[back to top]

Number of Clinical Adverse Experiences (CAEs) Reported by Patients With up to 52 Weeks of Treatment

An adverse experience (AE) is defined as any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function, or chemistry of the body temporally associated with the use of the SPONSOR'S product, whether or not considered related to the use of the product (NCT00943397)
Timeframe: Up to 52 weeks of treatment

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	With CAEs	Without CAEs
Montelukast	156	2
Usual Care	31	1

[back to top]

Number of Clinical Adverse Experiences (CAEs) Reported by Patients During the 6-weeks of Treatment

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	With CAEs	Without CAEs
Montelukast	132	43
Placebo	62	19

[back to top]

Patient's Global Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis

An evaluation by the patient, administered at the last visit (or upon discontinuation) using a 7-point scale, in answer to a single question regarding the change in symptoms as compared to the beginning of the study. Responses were assigned numerical values from 0 (very much better) to 6 (very much worse). (NCT00960141)
Timeframe: Week 2 (or upon discontinuation)

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	2.62
Montelukast	2.43
Loratadine	2.27

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Eye Symptoms Score

Mean change from baseline in Daytime Eye Symptoms scores on a 4-point scale [0(best) to 3(worst)]. The average of the 4 individual eye symptoms scores (tearing, itchy, red, and puffy eyes) was reported as the Daytime Eye Symptoms Score. (NCT00960141)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.23
Montelukast	-0.29
Loratadine	-0.35

[back to top]

Physician's Global Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis

An evaluation by the physician, administered at the last visit (or upon discontinuation) using a 7-point scale, of the change in symptoms as compared to the beginning of the study. Responses were assigned numerical values from 0 (very much better) to 6 (very much worse). (NCT00960141)
Timeframe: Week 2

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	2.53
Montelukast	2.35
Loratadine	2.26

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Nasal Symptoms Score

Mean change from baseline in Daytime Nasal Symptoms score on a 4-point scale [0(best) to 3(worst)]. The average of the 4 individual nasal symptoms scores (Congestion, Rhinorrhea, Itching, and Sneezing) was reported as the Daytime Nasal Symptoms Score. (NCT00960141)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.32
Montelukast	-0.38
Loratadine	-0.47

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Nighttime Symptoms Score

Mean change from baseline in Nighttime Symptoms Score on a 4-point scale [0(best) to 3(worst)]. The average of 3 scores (Nasal Congestion Upon Awakening, Difficulty Going to Sleep, and Nighttime Awakenings) was reported as the Nighttime Symptoms Score. (NCT00960141)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.18
Montelukast	-0.28
Loratadine	-0.26

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality-of-Life Score

Patients completed a validated, self-administered questionnaire, which included 28 questions on a 7-point scale [score 0 (best) to 6 (worst)] across 7 domains: activities, sleep, non-nose/eye symptoms, practical problems, nasal symptoms, eye symptoms, and emotional. The scores for each domain were averaged, then the scores for the 7 domains were averaged for the overall score. (NCT00960141)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.75
Montelukast	-0.85
Loratadine	-0.97

[back to top]

Patient's Global Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis After First 2 Weeks of Treatment

An evaluation by the patient, administered after the first 2 weeks of treatment using a 7-point scale [Score 0 (best) to 6 (worst)], of the change in symptoms as compared to the beginning of the study. (NCT00963469)
Timeframe: After first 2 weeks of treatment

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	2.73
Montelukast	2.43
Loratadine	2.30

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Composite Symptoms Score (Daytime Nasal and Nighttime Symptoms) Over First 2 Weeks of Treatment Period

Composite Symptoms Scores were computed as the average of Daytime Nasal Scores [Score 0 (best) to 3 (worst)] and Nighttime Symptoms Scores [Score 0 (best) to 3 (worst)]. (NCT00963469)
Timeframe: Baseline and first 2 Weeks of treatment period (from randomization through the end of Week 2)

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.21
Montelukast	-0.30
Loratadine	-0.36

[back to top]

Physician's Global Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis After First 2 Weeks of Treatment

An evaluation by the physician, administered after the first 2 weeks of treatment using a 7-point scale [Score 0 (best) to 6 (worst)], of the change in symptoms as compared to the beginning of the study. (NCT00963469)
Timeframe: After first 2 weeks of treatment

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	2.75
Montelukast	2.36
Loratadine	2.38

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Nighttime Symptoms Score Over First 2 Weeks of Treatment Period

"Mean change from baseline in Nighttime Symptoms Score.~Patients were asked to rate each symptom daily on a 4-point scale [Score 0 (best) to 3 (worse)], and the combined score of Nasal Congestion Upon Awakening, Difficulty Going to Sleep, and Nighttime Awakenings was reported as the Nighttime Symptoms Score." (NCT00963469)
Timeframe: Baseline and first 2 Weeks of treatment period (from randomization through the end of Week 2)

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.18
Montelukast	-0.28
Loratadine	-0.25

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality-of-Life Score After First 2 Weeks of Treatment Period

Patients completed a Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality-of-Life Questionnaire-28 questions on a 7-point scale [0(best) to 6(worst)] across 7 domains: activity,sleep,non-nose/eye symptoms,practical problems,nasal symptoms, eye symptoms, and emotions. The scores for each domain were averaged, then scores for the 7 domains were averaged for an overall score. (NCT00963469)
Timeframe: Baseline and first 2 Weeks of treatment period (from randomization through the end of Week 2)

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.55
Montelukast	-0.85
Loratadine	-0.85

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Nasal Symptoms Score Over First 2 Weeks of Treatment Period

"Mean change from baseline in Daytime Nasal Symptoms Score.~Patients were asked to rate each nasal symptom of Congestion, Rhinorrhea, Itching, and Sneezing daily on a 4- point scale [Score 0 (best) to 3 (worse)]. The average of the 4 individual nasal symptoms scores was reported as the Daytime Nasal Symptoms Score." (NCT00963469)
Timeframe: Baseline and first 2 Weeks of treatment period (from randomization through the end of Week 2)

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.23
Montelukast	-0.33
Loratadine	-0.45

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Eye Symptoms Score Over First 2 Weeks of Treatment Period

"Mean change from baseline in Daytime Eye Symptoms scores.~Patients were asked to rate each of the 4 eye symptom of tearing, itchy, red, and puffy eyes daily on a 4-point scale [Score 0 (best) to 3 (worst)]. The average of the 4 individual eye symptoms scores was reported as the Daytime Eye Symptoms Score." (NCT00963469)
Timeframe: Baseline and first 2 Weeks of treatment period (from randomization through the end of Week 2)

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.18
Montelukast	-0.28
Loratadine	-0.33

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Nasal Congestion Upon Awakening

Patients were asked to rate the symptom of Nasal Congestion Upon Awakening daily on a 4-point scale (0 (best) to 3 (worst)). (NCT00963599)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.15
Montelukast	-0.35
Loratadine	-0.30
Montelukast/Loratadine	-0.32

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Sneezing Score

Patients were asked to rate the nasal symptom of Sneezing daily on a 4-point scale (0 (best) to 3 (worst)). (NCT00963599)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.26
Montelukast	-0.46
Loratadine	-0.59
Montelukast/Loratadine	-0.67

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Rhinorrhea Score

Patients were asked to rate the nasal symptom of Rhinorrhea daily on a 4-point scale (0 (best) to 3 (worst)). (NCT00963599)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.25
Montelukast	-0.53
Loratadine	-0.51
Montelukast/Loratadine	-0.59

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Nasal Symptoms Score

Mean change from baseline in Daytime Nasal Symptoms score. Patients were asked to rate each of the 4 nasal symptoms of Congestion, Rhinorrhea, Itching, and Sneezing daily on a 4-point scale (0 (best) to 3 (worst)). The average of the 4 individual nasal symptoms scores was reported as the Daytime Nasal Symptoms Score. (NCT00963599)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.26
Montelukast	-0.48
Loratadine	-0.52
Montelukast/Loratadine	-0.58

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Nasal Itching Score

Patients were asked to rate the nasal symptom of Nasal Itching daily on a 4-point scale (0 (best) to 3 (worst)). (NCT00963599)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.26
Montelukast	-0.49
Loratadine	-0.56
Montelukast/Loratadine	-0.62

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Nasal Congestion Score

Patients were asked to rate the nasal symptom of Congestion daily on a 4-point scale (0 (best) to 3 (worst)). (NCT00963599)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.19
Montelukast	-0.41
Loratadine	-0.39
Montelukast/Loratadine	-0.43

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Eye Symptoms Score

Mean change from baseline in Daytime Eye Symptoms scores. Patients were asked to rate each of the 4 eye symptom of tearing, itchy, red, and puffy eyes daily on a 4-point scale (0 (best) to 3 (worst)). The average of the 4 individual eye symptoms scores was reported as the Daytime Eye Symptoms Score. (NCT00963599)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.14
Montelukast	-0.35
Loratadine	-0.38
Montelukast/Loratadine	-0.41

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Composite Symptoms Score (Daytime Nasal and Nighttime Symptoms)

Composite Symptoms scores were computed as the average of the Daytime Nasal Symptoms scores and Nighttime Symptoms scores collected on a 4 point scale (0 (best) to 3 (worst)). (NCT00963599)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.2
Montelukast	-0.40
Loratadine	-0.41
Montelukast/Loratadine	-0.45

[back to top]

Patient's Global Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis

An evaluation by the patient, administered at the last visit (or upon discontinuation) using a 7-point scale, of the change in symptoms as compared to the beginning of the study. Responses were assigned numerical values from 0 (very much better) to 6 (very much worse). (NCT00963599)
Timeframe: Week 2

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	2.37
Montelukast	2.10
Loratadine	2.00
Montelukast/Loratadine	1.92

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality-of-Life Score

Patients completed a Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality-of-Life Questionnaire, 28 questions on a 7-point scale [0(best) to 6(worst)] across 7 domains: activities, sleep, non-nose/eye symptoms, practical problems, nasal symptoms, eye symptoms, emotional. Scores per domain were averaged, then scores for the 7 domains were averaged for an overall score. (NCT00963599)
Timeframe: Week 2

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.80
Montelukast	-1.09
Loratadine	-1.06
Montelukast/Loratadine	-1.16

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Nighttime Symptoms Score

Mean change from baseline in Nighttime Symptoms Score. Patients were asked to rate each symptom daily on a 4-point scale (0 (best) to 3 (worst)), and the combined score of Nasal Congestion Upon Awakening, Difficulty Going to Sleep, and Nighttime Awakenings was reported as the Nighttime Symptoms Score. (NCT00963599)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.12
Montelukast	-0.29
Loratadine	-0.26
Montelukast/Loratadine	-0.28

[back to top]

Physician's Global Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	2.35
Montelukast	2.13
Loratadine	2.05
Montelukast/Loratadine	1.99

[back to top]

Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to LAEs

(NCT00968149)
Timeframe: 2 weeks

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Discontinued Due to LAEs	Did Not Discontinue Due to LAEs
Montelukast 4 mg and 5 mg	0	272
Placebo	0	129

[back to top]

Number of Patients With Laboratory Adverse Experiences (LAEs)

A laboratory adverse experience (LAE) is defined as any unfavorable and unintended change in the chemistry of the body temporally associated with the use of the SPONSOR'S product, whether or not considered related to the use of the product (NCT00968149)
Timeframe: 2 weeks

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	With LAEs	Without LAEs
Montelukast 4 mg and 5 mg	2	270
Placebo	3	126

[back to top] [back to top]

Number of Patients With Drug-related CAEs

Patients with drug-related (as assessed by an investigator who is a qualified physician according to his/her best clinical judgment) CAEs (NCT00968149)
Timeframe: 2 weeks

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	With Drug-related CAEs	Without Drug-related CAEs
Montelukast 4 mg and 5 mg	10	270
Placebo	5	128

[back to top]

Number of Patients With Clinical Adverse Experiences (CAEs)

A clinical adverse experience (AE) is defined as any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function, or chemistry of the body temporally associated with the use of the SPONSOR'S product, whether or not considered related to the use of the product (NCT00968149)
Timeframe: 2 weeks

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	With CAEs	Without CAEs
Montelukast 4 mg and 5 mg	73	207
Placebo	35	98

[back to top]

Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to CAEs

(NCT00968149)
Timeframe: 2 weeks

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Discontinued Due to CAEs	Did Not Discontinue Due to CAEs
Montelukast 4 mg and 5 mg	5	275
Placebo	1	132

[back to top]

Number of Patients With Serious LAEs

Serious LAEs are any LAEs occurring at any dose that: Results in death; or Is life threatening; or Results in a persistent or significant disability/incapacity; or Results in or prolongs an existing inpatient hospitalization; or Is a congenital anomaly/birth defect; or Is a cancer; or Is an overdose (NCT00968149)
Timeframe: 2 weeks

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	With Serious LAEs	Without Serious LAEs
Montelukast 4 mg and 5 mg	0	272
Placebo	0	129

[back to top]

Number of Patients With Serious CAEs

Serious CAEs are any AEs occurring at any dose that; Results in death; or Is life threatening; or Results in a persistent or significant disability/incapacity; or Results in or prolongs an existing inpatient hospitalization; or Is a congenital anomaly/birth defect; or Is a cancer; or Is an overdose (NCT00968149)
Timeframe: 2 weeks

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	With Serious CAEs	Without Serious CAEs
Montelukast 4 mg and 5 mg	1	279
Placebo	0	133

[back to top]

Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to Drug-related CAEs - Base Study

Patients who were discontinued due to drug-related CAEs during 12 weeks of treatment (NCT00968201)
Timeframe: 12 weeks of treatment

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Discontinued Due to Drug-related CAEs	Did Not Discontinue Due to Drug-related CAEs
Montelukast	2	459
Placebo	1	227

[back to top]

Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to CAEs - Extension

Patients who were discontinued due to CAEs up to 2.8 years of treatment (NCT00968201)
Timeframe: up to 2.8 years

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Discontinued Due to CAEs	Did Not Discontinue Due to CAEs
Montelukast	18	346
Usual Care	5	152

[back to top]

Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to CAEs - Base Study

Patients who were discontinued due to CAEs during 12 weeks of treatment (NCT00968201)
Timeframe: 12 weeks of treatment

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Discontinued Due to CAEs	Did Not Discontinue Due to CAEs
Montelukast	16	445
Placebo	7	221

[back to top]

Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to LAEs - Extension

Patients who were discontinued due to LAEs up to 2.8 years of treatment (NCT00968201)
Timeframe: up to 2.8 years

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Discontinued Due to LAEs	Did Not Discontinue Due to LAEs
Montelukast	4	353
Usual Care	0	154

[back to top]

Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to Serious CAEs - Base Study

Patients who were discontinued due to serious CAEs during 12 weeks of treatment (NCT00968201)
Timeframe: 12 weeks of treatment

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Discontinued Due to Serious CAEs	Did Not Discontinue Due to Serious CAEs
Montelukast	8	453
Placebo	2	226

[back to top]

Number of Patients With Serious LAEs - Extension

Serious LAEs are any LAEs occurring at any dose that; Results in death; or Is life threatening; or Results in a persistent or significant disability/incapacity; or Results in or prolongs an existing inpatient hospitalization; or Is a congenital anomaly/birth defect; or Is a cancer; or Is an overdose (NCT00968201)
Timeframe: up to 2.8 years

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	With Serious LAEs	Without Serious LAEs
Montelukast	1	356
Usual Care	0	154

[back to top]

Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to Serious CAEs - Extension

Patients who were discontinued due to serious CAEs with up to 2.8 years of treatment (NCT00968201)
Timeframe: up to 2.8 years

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Discontinued Due to Serious CAEs	Did Not Discontinue Due to Serious CAEs
Montelukast	9	355
Usual Care	1	156

[back to top]

Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to Serious Drug-related CAEs - Extension

Patients who were discontinued due to serious drug-related CAEs with up to 2.8 years of treatment (NCT00968201)
Timeframe: up to 2.8 years

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Discontinued Due to Serious Drug-related CAEs	Not Discontinued Due to Serious Drug-related CAEs
Montelukast	1	363
Usual Care	0	157

[back to top]

Number of Patients With Clinical Adverse Experiences (CAE) Reported by Patients - Base Study

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	With CAEs	Without CAEs
Montelukast	406	55
Placebo	202	26

[back to top]

Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to Serious LAEs - Extension

Patients who were discontinued due to serious LAEs with up to 2.8 years of treatment (NCT00968201)
Timeframe: up to 2.8 years

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Discontinued Due to Serious LAEs	Did Not Discontinue Due to Serious LAEs
Montelukast	1	356
Usual Care	0	154

[back to top]

Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to Serious Drug-related LAEs - Extension

Patients who were discontinued due to serious drug-related LAEs with up to 2.8 years of treatment (NCT00968201)
Timeframe: up to 2.8 years

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Discontinued Due to Serious Drug-related LAEs	Not Discontinued Due to Serious Drug-related LAEs
Montelukast	1	356
Usual Care	0	154

[back to top]

Number of Patients With Clinical Adverse Experiences (CAE) Reported by Patients - Extension

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	With CAE	Without CAE
Montelukast	353	11
Usual Care	149	8

[back to top]

Number of Patients With Drug-related CAEs Reported by Patients - Base Study

Patients with drug-related (as assessed by an investigator who is a qualified physician according to his/her best clinical judgment) CAEs (NCT00968201)
Timeframe: 12 weeks of treatment

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	With Drug-Related CAEs	Without Drug-Related CAEs
Montelukast	19	442
Placebo	9	219

[back to top]

Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to Drug-related LAEs - Extension

Patients who were discontinued due to drug-related LAEs with up to 2.8 years of treatment (NCT00968201)
Timeframe: up to 2.8 years

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Discontinued Due to Drug-related LAEs	Did Not Discontinue Due to Drug-related LAEs
Montelukast	4	353
Usual Care	0	154

[back to top]

Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to Drug-related CAEs - Extension

Patients who were discontinued due to drug-related CAEs with up to 2.8 years of treatment (NCT00968201)
Timeframe: up to 2.8 years

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Discontinued Due to Drug-related CAEs	Did Not Discontinue Due to Drug-related CAEs
Montelukast	2	362
Usual Care	0	157

[back to top]

Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to Drug-related LAEs - Base Study

Patients who were discontinued due to drug-related LAEs during 12 weeks of treatment (NCT00968201)
Timeframe: 12 weeks of treatment

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Discontinued Due to Drug-related LAEs	Did Not Discontinue Due to Drug-related LAEs
Montelukast	0	451
Placebo	1	223

[back to top]

Number of Patients With Laboratory Adverse Experiences (LAEs) - Base Study

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	With LAEs	Without LAEs
Montelukast	16	435
Placebo	12	212

[back to top]

Number of Patients With Serious Drug-related Laboratory Adverse Experiences (LAEs) - Extension

Patients who reported serious drug-related LAEs up to 2.8 years of treatment (NCT00968201)
Timeframe: up to 2.8 years

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	With Serious Drug-Related LAEs	Without Serious Drug-Related LAEs
Montelukast	1	356
Usual Care	0	154

[back to top]

Number of Patients With Serious Drug-related CAEs Reported by Patients - Extension

"Patients who reported serious drug-related CAEs up to 2.8 years of~treatment" (NCT00968201)
Timeframe: up to 2.8 years

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	With Serious Drug-related CAEs	Without Serious Drug-related CAEs
Montelukast	4	360
Usual Care	0	157

[back to top]

Number of Patients With Serious Drug-related CAEs Reported by Patients - Base Study

Patients who reported serious drug-related CAEs during 12 weeks of treatment (NCT00968201)
Timeframe: 12 weeks of treatment

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	With Serious Drug-related CAEs	Without Serious Drug-related CAEs
Montelukast	2	459
Placebo	0	228

[back to top]

Number of Patients With Serious CAEs Reported by Patients - Extension

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	With Serious CAEs	Without Serious CAEs
Montelukast	38	326
Usual Care	15	142

[back to top]

Number of Patients With Serious CAEs Reported by Patients - Base Study

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	With Serious CAEs	Without Serious CAEs
Montelukast	17	444
Placebo	9	219

[back to top]

Number of Patients With Laboratory Adverse Experiences (LAEs) - Extension

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	With LAEs	Without LAEs
Montelukast	42	315
Usual Care	14	140

[back to top]

Number of Patients Who Were Discontinued Due to LAEs - Base Study

Patients who were discontinued due to LAEs during 12 weeks of treatment (NCT00968201)
Timeframe: 12 weeks of treatment

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Discontinued Due to LAEs	Did Not Discontinue Due to LAEs
Montelukast	0	451
Placebo	1	223

[back to top]

Number of Patients With Drug-related Laboratory Adverse Experiences (LAEs) - Extension

Patients with drug-related (as assessed by an investigator who is a qualified physician according to his/her best clinical judgment) LAEs (NCT00968201)
Timeframe: up to 2.8 years

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	With Drug-related LAEs	Without Drug-related LAEs
Montelukast	7	350
Usual Care	0	154

[back to top]

Number of Patients With Drug-related Laboratory Adverse Experiences (LAEs) - Base Study

Patients with drug-related (as assessed by an investigator who is a qualified physician according to his/her best clinical judgment) LAEs (NCT00968201)
Timeframe: 12 weeks of treatment

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	With Drug-Related LAEs	Without Drug-Related LAEs
Montelukast	7	444
Placebo	1	223

[back to top]

Number of Patients With Drug-related CAEs Reported by Patients - Extension

Patients with drug-related (as assessed by an investigator who is a qualified physician according to his/her best clinical judgment) CAEs (NCT00968201)
Timeframe: up to 2.8 years

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	With Drug-related CAEs	Without Drug-related CAEs
Montelukast	14	350
Usual Care	2	155

[back to top]

Patient's Global Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis at the End of the 2-week Treatment Period

An evaluation by the patient, administered at the last visit (or upon discontinuation) using a 7-point scale [Score 0 (very much better) to 6 (very much worse)], of the change in symptoms as compared to the beginning of the study. (NCT00972738)
Timeframe: End of the 2-week treatment period

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast 10 mg	2.18
Loratadine 10 mg	2.19
Placebo	2.49

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality-of-Life Score After the 2-week Treatment Period

Patients completed a validated, self-administered Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality-of-Life Questionnaire, which included 28 questions on a 7-point scale [Score 0 (best) to 6 (worst)], across 7 domains: activities, sleep, non-nose/eye symptoms, practical problems, nasal symptoms, eye symptoms, and emotional. The individual domain scores were calculated as the average values of all scores within a domain, then the scores for the 7 domains were averaged for the overall score. (NCT00972738)
Timeframe: Baseline and at the end of 2-week treatment period

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast 10 mg	-0.90
Loratadine 10 mg	-0.98
Placebo	-0.66

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Nighttime Symptoms Score Over the 2-week Treatment Period

Mean change from baseline in Nighttime Symptoms Score. Patients were asked to rate each symptoms of Nasal Congestion Upon Awakening, Difficulty Going to Sleep, and Nighttime Awakenings daily on a 4-point [Scale 0 (best) to 3 (worst)]. The average of the individual symptoms scores was reported as the Nighttime Symptoms Score. (NCT00972738)
Timeframe: Baseline and over the 2-week treatment period

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast 10 mg	-0.28
Loratadine 10 mg	-0.28
Placebo	-0.20

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Nasal Symptoms Score Over the 2-week Treatment Period

Mean change from baseline in Daytime Nasal Symptoms. Patients were asked to rate each of the 4 nasal symptoms of Congestion, Rhinorrhea, Itching, and Sneezing daily on a 4-point scale [Score 0 (best) to 3 (worst)]. The average of the 4 individual nasal symptoms scores was reported as the Daytime Nasal Symptoms Score. (NCT00972738)
Timeframe: Baseline and over the 2-week treatment period

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast 10 mg	-0.38
Loratadine 10 mg	-0.47
Placebo	-0.29

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Eye Symptoms Score Over the 2-week Treatment Period

Mean change from baseline in Daytime Eye Symptoms scores. Patients were asked to rate each of the 4 eye symptoms of tearing, itchy, red, and puffy eyes daily on a 4-point scale [0 (best) to 3 (worst)]. The average of the 4 individual eye symptoms scores was reported as the Daytime Eye Symptoms Score. (NCT00972738)
Timeframe: Baseline and over the 2-week treatment period

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast 10 mg	-0.28
Loratadine 10 mg	-0.40
Placebo	-0.21

[back to top]

Physician's Global Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis at the End of the 2-week Treatment Period

An evaluation by the physician, administered at the last visit (or upon discontinuation) using a 7-point scale [Score 0 (very much better) to 6 (very much worse)], of the change in symptoms as compared to the beginning of the study. (NCT00972738)
Timeframe: End of the 2-week treatment period

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast 10 mg	2.18
Loratadine 10 mg	2.16
Placebo	2.41

[back to top]

Physician's Global Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis

An evaluation by the physician, administered at week 4 of the study (or upon discontinuation) using a 7-point scale [Score 0 (best) to 6 (worst)], of the change in symptoms as compared to the beginning of the study. (NCT00974571)
Timeframe: End of the first 4 weeks in 6-week treatment period

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast 10 mg	2.26
Cetirizine 10 mg	2.20
Placebo	2.33

[back to top]

Patient's Global Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis

An evaluation by the patient, administered at week 4 of the study (or upon discontinuation) using a 7-point scale [Score 0 (best) to 6 (worst)], of the change in symptoms as compared to the beginning of the study. (NCT00974571)
Timeframe: End of the first 4 weeks in 6-week treatment period

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast 10 mg	2.22
Cetirizine 10 mg	2.15
Placebo	2.41

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Nighttime Symptoms Score

"Mean change from baseline in Nighttime Symptoms Score.~Patients were asked to rate each symptom daily on a 4-point scale [Score 0 (best) to 3 (worst)], and the average score of Nasal Congestion Upon Awakening, Difficulty Going to Sleep, and Nighttime Awakenings was reported as the Nighttime Symptoms Score." (NCT00974571)
Timeframe: Baseline and first 4 weeks in 6-week treatment period

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast 10 mg	-0.28
Cetirizine 10 mg	-0.30
Placebo	-0.26

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Composite Symptoms Score

Composite Symptoms Scores were computed as the average of the Daytime Nasal Symptoms Scores [Score 0 (best) to 3 (worst)]. and Nighttime Symptoms Scores collected [Score 0 (best) to 3 (worst)]. (NCT00974571)
Timeframe: Baseline and first 4 weeks in 6-week treatment period

Intervention	Score 0 (best) to 3 (worst) (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast 10 mg	-0.34
Cetirizine 10 mg	-0.38
Placebo	-0.30

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Nasal Symptoms Score

"Mean change from baseline in Daytime Nasal Symptoms score.~Patients were asked to rate each nasal symptom of Congestion, Rhinorrhea, Itching, and Sneezing daily on a 4-point scale [Score 0 (best) to 3 (worst)]. The average of the 4 individual nasal symptoms scores was reported as the Daytime Nasal Symptoms Score." (NCT00974571)
Timeframe: Baseline and first 4 weeks of a 6-week treatment period

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast 10 mg	-0.39
Cetirizine 10 mg	-0.45
Placebo	-0.36

[back to top]

Patient's Global Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis at Week 2

"An evaluation by the patient, administered at the last visit (or~upon discontinuation) using a 7-point scale, of the change in symptoms as compared to the beginning of the~study. Scores were measured as 0 (best) to 6 (worst)." (NCT00979901)
Timeframe: Week 2

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	2.62
Montelukast 10 mg	2.20
Loratadine 10 mg	2.13

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality-of-life Questionnaire (RQLQ) Overall Score at Week 2

Patients completed the validated, self-administered RQLQ, which included 28 items on a 7-point scale across 7 domains: activities, sleep, non-nose/eye symptoms, practical problems, nasal symptoms, eye symptoms, and emotional. Scores for each domain were averaged, then scores for the 7 domains were averaged for the overall score. Scores were measured as 0 (best) to 6 (worst). (NCT00979901)
Timeframe: Week 2

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.65
Montelukast 10 mg	-0.89
Loratadine 10 mg	-0.99

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Nighttime Symptoms Score Over 2 Weeks

"Mean change from baseline in Nighttime Symptoms Score.~Patients were asked to rate each symptom daily on a 4-point scale, and the combined score of Nasal Congestion Upon Awakening, Difficulty Going to Sleep, and Nighttime Awakenings was reported as the Nighttime Symptoms Score. Scores were measured as 0 (best) to 3 (worst)." (NCT00979901)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.14
Montelukast 10 mg	-0.27
Loratadine 10 mg	-0.23

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Nasal Symptoms Score Over 2 Weeks

"Mean change from baseline in Daytime Nasal Symptoms score.~Patients were asked to rate each of the 4 nasal symptoms of Congestion, Rhinorrhea, Itching, and Sneezing daily~on a 4-point scale. The average of the 4 individual nasal symptoms scores was reported as the Daytime Nasal~Symptoms Score. Scores were measured as 0 (best) to 3 (worst)." (NCT00979901)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.24
Montelukast 10 mg	-0.37
Loratadine 10 mg	-0.47

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Eye Symptoms Score Over 2 Weeks

"Mean change from baseline in Daytime Eye Symptoms scores.~Patients were asked to rate each of the 4 eye symptoms of tearing, itchy, red, and puffy eyes daily on a 4-point scale. The average of the 4 individual eye symptoms scores was reported as the Daytime Eye Symptoms Score. Scores were measured as 0 (best) to 3 (worst)." (NCT00979901)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.12
Montelukast 10 mg	-0.26
Loratadine 10 mg	-0.32

[back to top]

Physician's Global Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis at Week 2

An evaluation by the physician, administered at the last visit (or upon discontinuation) using a 7-point scale, of the change in symptoms as compared to the beginning of the study. Scores were measured as 0 (best) to 6 (worst). (NCT00979901)
Timeframe: Week 2

Intervention	Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	2.53
Montelukast 10 mg	2.23
Loratadine 10 mg	2.17

[back to top]

Change in Plasma 9α-11β-PGF2 (9P) at 5 Minutes

Fold change over baseline of plasma 9P at 5 minutes post-allergen challenge (NCT01061333)
Timeframe: Pre-allergen challenge and 5 minutes post allergen challenge

Intervention	Fold change over baseline (Geometric Mean)
Placebo	0.77
Nedocromil	0.97
Montelukast	1.08
Mometasone	1.00

[back to top]

Change in Plasma 9P at 20 Minutes

Fold change over baseline of plasma 9P at 20 minutes post-allergen challenge (NCT01061333)
Timeframe: Pre-allergen challenge and 20 minutes post allergen challenge

Intervention	Fold change over baseline (Geometric Mean)
Placebo	1.22
Nedocromil	0.72
Montelukast	0.72
Mometasone	1.06

[back to top]

Change in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1)

Maximal percent drop in FEV1 at 20 minutes post allergen challenge (NCT01061333)
Timeframe: Pre-allergen challenge and 20 minutes after allergen challenge

Intervention	Percentage drop in FEV1 (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-24.66
Nedocromil	-8.44
Montelukast	-9.15
Mometasone	-16.17

[back to top]

Allergen-induced Concentrations of Sputum LTE4

Concentrations of LTE4 in sputum at 2 hours post-allergen challenge (NCT01061333)
Timeframe: 2 hours post allergen challenge

Intervention	pg/mL (Geometric Mean)
Placebo	115.5
Nedocromil	149.8
Montelukast	181.3
Mometasone	140.3

[back to top]

Allergen-induced Concentrations of Sputum LTD4

Concentrations of LTD4 in sputum at 2 hours post-allergen challenge (NCT01061333)
Timeframe: 2 hours post allergen challenge

Intervention	pg/mL (Geometric Mean)
Placebo	17.48
Nedocromil	18.04
Montelukast	18.52
Mometasone	17.37

[back to top]

Allergen-induced Concentrations of Sputum LTC4

Concentrations of LTC4 in sputum at 2 hours post-allergen challenge (NCT01061333)
Timeframe: 2 hours post allergen challenge

Intervention	pg/mL (Geometric Mean)
Placebo	13.63
Nedocromil	14.02
Montelukast	13.76
Mometasone	12.14

[back to top]

Allergen-induced Changes in Urinary Leukotriene (LT) E4

Fold change over baseline in urinary LTE4 at 2 hours post-allergen challenge (NCT01061333)
Timeframe: Baseline and 2 hours post allergen challenge

Intervention	Fold change over baseline (Geometric Mean)
Placebo	1.77
Nedocromil	1.19
Montelukast	1.40
Mometasone	1.62

[back to top]

Allergen-induced Changes in Urinary 9P

Fold change over baseline in Urinary 9P at 2 hours post allergen challenge (NCT01061333)
Timeframe: Baseline and 2 hours post allergen challenge

Intervention	Fold change over baseline (Geometric Mean)
Placebo	1.54
Nedocromil	1.39
Montelukast	1.45
Mometasone	1.40

[back to top]

Number of Participants With a Decrease in the Number of Apnea and/or Hypopnea Events to <5 Per Hour of Sleep

by decreasing nasal congestion, we hope to decrease the number of respiratory events per hour of sleep back to the normal range (NCT01089647)
Timeframe: 3 months

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Budesonide and Montelukast	5
Placebo	3

[back to top]

Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1) % Predicted Trough Change From Baseline (Mean Observed in the 2 Weeks Prior to Treatment) After Six Weeks of Treatment

"Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) % predicted trough change from baseline (mean observed in the 2 weeks prior to treatment) after 6 weeks of treatment, where trough FEV1 % predicted was defined as the mean of the FEV1 % predicted trough values at 25 minutes and 10 minutes prior to dosing on clinic visit.~MMRM in the statistical test comments is Mixed effects model with repeated measures." (NCT01103349)
Timeframe: Measurements at baseline (mean observed in the 2 weeks prior to treatment) and at week 6 of treatment.

Intervention	FEV1 percent predicted (Mean)
Placebo	-0.859
BI 671800 400 mg Bid	3.011
Montelukast 10 mg qd	1.510

[back to top]

Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) Mean Change in Score on a Scale From Baseline After Six Weeks of Treatment

"Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) mean score change from baseline (mean ACQ score obtained at Week 0) after six weeks of treatment.~The Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) is a patient-reported outcome questionnaire containing 7 items. The items are equally weighted and the ACQ score is the mean of the 7 items and therefore between 0 (well controlled) and 6 (extremely poorly controlled) These questions based on recall of the previous 7 days comprise breathlessness, nocturnal waking, symptoms on waking, activity limitation, wheeze, frequency of Short-acting beta-adrenergic (SABA) use, and categorized pre-bronchodilator FEV1% predicted." (NCT01103349)
Timeframe: Measurements at baseline (mean ACQ score obtained at Week 0) and at week 6 of treatment.

Intervention	Score on a scale (Mean)
Placebo	-0.418
BI 671800 400 mg Bid	-0.698
Montelukast 10 mg qd	-0.598

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Day-time Rescue Short Acting beta2-agonist (SABA) Usage Over the 8-Week Treatment Period

The number of inhalations of rescue SABA, salbutamol/albuterol inhalation aerosol used during the day and night was recorded by the participants in an eDiary. Participants who used salbutamol/albuterol inhalation aerosol at day-time were assessed during the 8-Week treatment period. Change from Baseline was calculated as the averaged number of day-time salbutamol/albuterol inhalation aerosol used during the 8-Week treatment period minus the Baseline value (defined as the last 7 days prior to randomization of the participants). (NCT01147744)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week

Intervention	Day-time number of inhalations (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.42
GSK2190915 10mg	-0.55
GSK2190915 30mg	-0.68
GSK2190915 100mg	-0.50
GSK2190915 300mg	-0.47
Fluticasone Propionate 100 mcg	-0.67
Montelukast 10mg	-0.63

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Night-time Asthma Symptom Score Over the 8-Week Treatment Period

Participants recorded their night-time asthma symptom score in an eDiary each AM upon rising and before taking any rescue or study medication and before assessing the PEF measurement during the 8-Week treatment period. Night-time asthma symptom scores, as: 0=no asthma symptoms, 1= one awakening or waking early due to asthma symptoms, 2= two or more awakenings due to asthma symptoms (including waking early), 3= asthma symptoms almost prevented the participant from sleeping, 4= severe asthma symptoms completely prevented from sleeping. Change from Baseline was calculated as the averaged of night-time asthma symptom score during the 8-Week treatment period minus the Baseline value (defined as the last 7 days prior to randomization of the participants). (NCT01147744)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 8

Intervention	Night-time symptom scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.23
GSK2190915 10mg	-0.21
GSK2190915 30mg	-0.33
GSK2190915 100mg	-0.26
GSK2190915 300mg	-0.22
Fluticasone Propionate 100 mcg	-0.29
Montelukast 10mg	-0.32

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in the Percentage of Symptom-free Days Averaged Over the 8-Week Treatment Period

Asthma symptoms were recorded in a daily electronic diary (eDiary) by the participants every day in the evening at bedtime and before taking any rescue or study medication and before the assessment of the PEF measurement. Participant's responses to evening assessments indicated no symptoms were considered to be symptom free. For participants, the symptom free days were assessed during the 8-Week treatment period. Change from Baseline was calculated as the averaged of symptom-free days during the 8-Week treatment period minus the Baseline value. Baseline was defined as the last 7 days prior to randomization of the participants. (NCT01147744)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 8

Intervention	Percentage of symptom-free days (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	13.98
GSK2190915 10 mg	15.15
GSK2190915 30 mg	18.54
GSK2190915 100 mg	15.31
GSK2190915 300 mg	14.06
Fluticasone Propionate 100 mcg	22.18
Montelukast 10 mg	16.87

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in the Percentage of Rescue-free Days Averaged Over the 8-Week Treatment Period

The number of inhalations of rescue salbutamol/albuterol inhalation aerosol used during the day and night was recorded by the participants in an eDiary. The time span during which the participants did not have to take any rescue medication (medication intended to relieve symptoms immediately) was considered to be a rescue-free period. For participants, the rescue-free days were assessed during the 8-Week treatment period. Change from Baseline was calculated as the averaged of rescue-free days during the 8-Week treatment period minus the Baseline value (defined as the last 7 days prior to randomization of the participants). (NCT01147744)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 8

Intervention	Percentage of rescue-free days (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	16.80
GSK2190915 10 mg	22.91
GSK2190915 30 mg	20.91
GSK2190915 100 mg	18.95
GSK2190915 300 mg	18.51
Fluticasone Propionate 100 mcg	26.39
Montelukast 10 mg	23.55

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in the Percentage of Rescue-free Nights Averaged Over the 8-Week Treatment Period

The number of inhalations of rescue salbutamol/albuterol inhalation aerosol used during the day and night was recorded by the participants in an eDiary. The time span during which the participants did not have to take any rescue medication (medication intended to relieve symptoms immediately) was considered to be a rescue-free period. For participants, the rescue-free nights were assessed during the 8-Week treatment period. Change from Baseline was calculated as the averaged of rescue-free nights during the 8-Week treatment period minus the Baseline value (defined as the last 7 days prior to randomization of the participants). (NCT01147744)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 8

Intervention	Percentage of rescue-free nights (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	16.93
GSK2190915 10 mg	19.28
GSK2190915 30 mg	17.36
GSK2190915 100 mg	19.63
GSK2190915 300 mg	15.71
Fluticasone Propionate 100 mcg	24.42
Montelukast 10 mg	20.54

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in the Percentage of Symptom-free Nights Averaged Over the 8-Week Treatment Period

Asthma symptoms were recorded in a daily eDairy by the participants every day in the morning upon rising and before taking any rescue or study medication and before the assessment of the PEF measurement. Participant's responses to the morning assessments indicated no symptoms were considered to be symptom free. For participants, the symptom free nights were assessed during the 8-Week treatment period. Change from Baseline was calculated as the averaged of symptom-free nights during the 8-Week treatment period minus the Baseline value (defined as the last 7 days prior to randomization of the participants). (NCT01147744)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 8

Intervention	Percentage of symptom-free nights (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	13.99
GSK2190915 10 mg	14.83
GSK2190915 30 mg	16.71
GSK2190915 100 mg	16.12
GSK2190915 300 mg	12.21
Fluticasone Propionate 100 mcg	19.94
Montelukast 10 mg	19.39

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline to the End of the 8-Week Treatment Period in Trough Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1)

Pulmonary function was measured by forced expiratory volume in one second, defined as the maximal amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled in one second. Trough FEV1 is defined as the morning (AM) pre-dose and pre-rescue bronchodilator FEV1 at the clinic visit. Baseline was the pre-dose value obtained at Visit 3. Change from Baseline was calculated as the end of Week 8 value minus the Baseline value. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model used for statistical analysis. ITT Population was comprised of all participant randomized to treatment who received at least one dose of double-blind study medication. (NCT01147744)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Intervention	Liters (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	0.12
GSK2190915 10 mg	0.18
GSK2190915 30 mg	0.23
GSK2190915 100 mg	0.19
GSK2190915 300 mg	0.19
Fluticasone Propionate 100 mcg	0.31
Montelukast 10 mg	0.19

[back to top]

Number of Participants Who Withdrew Due to Lack of Efficacy During the 8-Week Treatment Period

The participants who met any of the following withdrawal criteria were considered to be withdrawn due to lack of efficacy: 1) Clinic FEV1 below stability limit calculated at Visit 3. 2) More than three days between two consecutive visits, PEF has fallen below stability limit calculated at Visit 3. 3) Use of 12 or more inhalations of SABA per day for more than two days between consecutive visits. 4) Asthma exacerbation defined as worsening requiring any treatment other than study medication or rescue medication. This included requiring the use of systemic or inhaled corticosteroids and /or emergency room visit or hospitalization for the treatment of asthma. The stability limit was calculated as best pre-salbutamol/albuterol FEV1 at Visit 3 x 80 percent (%). (NCT01147744)
Timeframe: Upto 8 Weeks

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Placebo	11
GSK2190915 10mg	11
GSK2190915 30mg	9
GSK2190915 100mg	11
GSK2190915 300mg	13
Fluticasone Propionate 100 mcg	8
Montelukast 10mg	7

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Night-time Rescue SABA Usage Over the 8-Week Treatment Period

The numbers of inhalations of rescue SABA, salbutamol/albuterol inhalation aerosol used during the day and night was recorded by the participants in an eDiary. Participants who used salbutamol/albuterol inhalation aerosol at night-time were assessed during the 8-Week treatment period. Change from Baseline was calculated as the averaged number of night-time salbutamol/albuterol inhalation aerosol used during the 8-Week treatment period minus the Baseline value (defined as the last 7 days prior to randomization of the participants). (NCT01147744)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 8

Intervention	Night-time number of inhalations (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.30
GSK2190915 10 mg	-0.40
GSK2190915 30 mg	-0.44
GSK2190915 10 0mg	-0.42
GSK2190915 300 mg	-0.30
Fluticasone Propionate 100 mcg	-0.47
Montelukast 10 mg	-0.46

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Daily Evening (PM) Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) Averaged Over the 8-Week Treatment Period

Peak expiratory flow is defined as the maximum airflow during a forced expiration beginning with the lungs fully inflated. Change from Baseline was calculated as the value of the averaged PEF daily (pre-dose and pre-rescue bronchodilator) evening over the 8-Week treatment period minus the Baseline value (defined as the last 7 days prior to randomization of the participants) (NCT01147744)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 8

Intervention	Liters per minute (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	8.01
GSK2190915 10 mg	7.62
GSK2190915 30 mg	9.37
GSK2190915 100 mg	6.21
GSK2190915 300 mg	10.33
Fluticasone Propionate 100 mcg	10.46
Montelukast 10 mg	8.53

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Daily Trough AM PEF Averaged Over the 8-Week Treatment Period

The PEF is defined as the maximum airflow during a forced expiration beginning with the lungs fully inflated. Trough AM PEF is defined as the AM pre-dose and pre-rescue bronchodilator at the clinic visit. Change from Baseline was calculated as the value of the averaged PEF daily (pre-dose and pre-rescue bronchodilator) AM over the 8-Week treatment period minus the Baseline value (defined as the last 7 days prior to randomization of the participants). (NCT01147744)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 8

Intervention	Liters per minute (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	11.77
GSK2190915 10 mg	13.23
GSK2190915 30 mg	15.52
GSK2190915 100 mg	8.72
GSK2190915 300 mg	16.35
Fluticasone Propionate 100 mcg	15.25
Montelukast 10 mg	17.38

[back to top]

Mean Change From Baseline in Day-time Asthma Symptom Score Over the 8-Week Treatment Period

Participants recorded their day-time asthma symptom score in an eDiary each PM at bedtime and before taking any rescue or study medication and before assessing the PEF measurement during the 8-Week treatment period. Day-time asthma symptom scores, as: 0=no asthma symptoms, 1=one episode of short-time asthma symptoms, 2=two or more episodes of short-time asthma symptoms, 3=asthma symptoms occurring during most part of daytime without interference with daily life activities, 4=asthma symptoms occurring during most part of daytime with interference with daily life activities, 5=severe asthma symptoms that disable working or perform normal daily activities. Change from Baseline was calculated as the averaged of day-time asthma symptom score during the 8-Week treatment period minus the Baseline value (defined as the last 7 days prior to randomization of the participants). (NCT01147744)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 8

Intervention	Day-time symptom scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	-0.34
GSK2190915 10mg	-0.34
GSK2190915 30mg	-0.50
GSK2190915 100mg	-0.36
GSK2190915 300mg	-0.34
Fluticasone Propionate 100 mcg	-0.43
Montelukast 10mg	-0.41

[back to top]

Percentage of Symptom-free Nights During the Last 3 Weeks of the 6 Week Treatment Period

"Night time asthma symptoms were recorded every morning upon rising, before taking any rescue or study medication and before assessing the PEF. Symptoms were recorded on a 5-point scale ranging from '0' (implying no symptoms) to 4 (implying severe symptoms). Participants recorded the symptoms in a daily eDiary. The number of nights when symptoms were not experienced (symptom-free nights) during the last 3 weeks of the 6-week treatment period were counted, and percentage calculated by dividing by 21 and multiplying by 100. Analysis was done using mixed effect ANCOVA model for treatment effects, incorporating fixed effects of baseline, period, age, center, smoking status, and random effects of participant." (NCT01156792)
Timeframe: Week 4 to Week 6

Intervention	Percentage of nights (Least Squares Mean)
FP + Placebo	37.21
FP + GSK2190915 100 mg	38.22
FP + GSK2190915 300 mg	40.55
FP + Montelukast	37.70
FP / Salmeterol	38.47

[back to top]

Number of Participants Withdrawn Due to Lack of Efficacy During the Last 3 Weeks of the 6-week Treatment Period

Participants were withdrawn if they met any of the following three criteria for 'lack of efficacy': 1) Clinic FEV1 below the FEV1 'Stability Limit' value, 2) During any consecutive 7-day period, the participant experienced PEF fallen below the PEF 'Stability Limit' for more than 3 days, or if >= 12 inhalations per day of albuterol were used for more than 2 days, and 3) Ashtma exacerbation. The number of withdrawals due to lack of efficacy were summarized for each treatment and Fisher's Exact test was used for comparison with placebo add-on. Withdrawals occurring during active washout periods are not included. (NCT01156792)
Timeframe: Week 4 to Week 6

Intervention	Number of participants (Number)
FP + Placebo	9
FP + GSK2190915 100 mg	5
FP + GSK2190915 300 mg	3
FP + Montelukast	7
FP / Salmeterol	5

[back to top]

Trough (AM Pre-dose and Pre-rescue Bronchodilator) Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) at the End of the 6-week Treatment Period

FEV1 is a measure of lung function and is defined as the maximal amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled in one second. FEV1 was measured electronically using spirometry, prior to study medication and any rescue albuterol (bronchodilator) use. At the end of the 6-week treatment period, FEV1 was measured approximately 24 hours after the participant's last morning dose of study medication and approximately 12 hours after the evening dose of study medication. Trough FEV1 was analyzed using mixed effect analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model for treatment effects, incorporating fixed effects of baseline, period, age, center, smoking status, and random effect of participant. Intent-to-Treat Population is defined as all participants who were randomized and received at least one dose of study drug. (NCT01156792)
Timeframe: End of Week 6

Intervention	Liters (L) (Least Squares Mean)
FP + Placebo	2.36
FP + GSK2190915 100 mg	2.39
FP + GSK2190915 300 mg	2.40
FP + Montelukast	2.42
FP / Salmeterol	2.43

[back to top]

Percentage of Nights Without Awakenings Due to Asthma During the Last 3 Weeks of the 6-week Treatment Period

Night time asthma symptoms were recorded every morning upon rising, before taking any rescue or study medication and before assessing the PEF. Symptoms were recorded on a 5-point scale: 0 = no symptoms during the night, 1 = symptoms causing to wake once, 2 = symptoms causing to wake twice or more, 3 = symptoms causing to be awake most of the night, 4 = could not sleep due to severe symptoms. Participants recorded the symptoms in a daily eDiary. The number of nights with no awakenings due to asthma during the last 3 weeks of the 6-week treatment period were counted, and percentage calculated by dividing by 21 and multiplying by 100. Analysis was done using mixed effect ANCOVA model for treatment effects, incorporating fixed effects of baseline, period, age, center, smoking status, and random effects of participant. (NCT01156792)
Timeframe: Week 4 to Week 6

Intervention	Percentage of nights (Least Squares Mean)
FP + Placebo	37.21
FP + GSK2190915 100 mg	38.22
FP + GSK2190915 300 mg	40.55
FP + Montelukast	37.70
FP / Salmeterol	38.47

[back to top]

Daily Trough (Morning Pre-dose and Pre-rescue Bronchodilator) Morning Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) Averaged Over the Last 3 Weeks of the 6-week Treatment Period

The PEF is a measure of lung function and measures how fast a person can breathe out. Trough PEF was measured every morning prior to study medication dose and any rescue albuterol (bronchodilator) use. Participants recorded PEF in a daily electronic diary (eDiary). Daily trough morning PEF was averaged over the last 3 weeks of the 6-week treatment period, and analyzed using mixed effect ANCOVA model for treatment effects, incorporating fixed effects of baseline, period, age, center, smoking status, and random effects of participant. (NCT01156792)
Timeframe: Week 4 to Week 6

Intervention	Liters/minute (L/min) (Least Squares Mean)
FP + Placebo	349.19
FP + GSK2190915 100 mg	350.14
FP + GSK2190915 300 mg	354.96
FP + Montelukast	354.17
FP / Salmeterol	361.33

[back to top]

Percentage of Rescue-free Days During the Last 3 Weeks of the 6-week Treatment Period

"Albuterol was provided as a rescue medication, and participants were required to record rescue medication use in the morning and in the evening. Participants recorded the number of inhalations of rescue medication in a daily eDiary. The number of days when rescue medication was not used (rescue-free days) during the last 3 weeks of the 6-week treatment period were counted, and percentage calculated by dividing by 21 and multiplying by 100. Analysis was done using mixed effect ANCOVA model for treatment effects, incorporating fixed effects of baseline, period, age, center, smoking status, and random effects of participant." (NCT01156792)
Timeframe: Week 4 to Week 6

Intervention	Percentage of days (Least Squares Mean)
FP + Placebo	40.44
FP + GSK2190915 100 mg	42.43
FP + GSK2190915 300 mg	42.59
FP + Montelukast	42.77
FP / Salmeterol	41.96

[back to top]

Percentage of Rescue-free Nights During the Last 3 Weeks of the 6-week Treatment Period

"Albuterol was provided as a rescue medication, and participants were required to record rescue medication use in the morning and in the evening. Participants recorded the number of inhalations of rescue medication in a daily eDiary. The number of nights when rescue medication was not used (rescue-free nights) during the last 3 weeks of the 6-week treatment period were counted, and percentage calculated by dividing by 21 and multiplying by 100. Analysis was done using mixed effect ANCOVA model for treatment effects, incorporating fixed effects of baseline, period, age, center, smoking status, and random effects of participant." (NCT01156792)
Timeframe: Week 4 to Week 6

Intervention	Percentage of nights (Least Squares Mean)
FP + Placebo	45.12
FP + GSK2190915 100 mg	45.69
FP + GSK2190915 300 mg	48.79
FP + Montelukast	45.32
FP / Salmeterol	43.98

[back to top]

Percentage of Symptom-free Days During the Last 3 Weeks of the 6-week Treatment Period

"Daytime asthma symptoms were recorded every evening at bedtime, before taking any rescue or study medication and before assessing the PEF. Symptoms were recorded on a 6-point scale ranging from '0' (implying no symptoms) to 5 (implying severe symptoms). Participants recorded the symptoms in a daily eDiary. The number of days when symptoms were not experienced (symptom-free days) during the last 3 weeks of the 6-week treatment period were counted, and percentage calculated by dividing by 21 and multiplying by 100. Analysis was done using mixed effect ANCOVA model for treatment effects, incorporating fixed effects of baseline, period, age, center, smoking status, and random effects of participant." (NCT01156792)
Timeframe: Week 4 to Week 6

Intervention	Percentage of days (Least Squares Mean)
FP + Placebo	30.84
FP + GSK2190915 100 mg	33.51
FP + GSK2190915 300 mg	36.14
FP + Montelukast	34.88
FP / Salmeterol	35.45

[back to top]

Daily Rescue Short-acting beta2-agonist (SABA) Use Averaged Over the Last 3 Weeks of the 6-week Treatment Period

A SABA (albuterol) was provided to participants as a rescue medication, to use as needed for symptomatic relief of asthma symptoms. Participants were required to record their albuterol use in the morning and in the evening. Participants recorded the number of inhalations of rescue medication in a daily eDiary. The daily rescue SABA use was averaged over the last 3 weeks of the 6-week treatment period, and analyzed using mixed effect ANCOVA model for treatment effects, incorporating fixed effects of baseline, period, age, center, smoking status, and random effects of participant. (NCT01156792)
Timeframe: Week 4 to Week 6

Intervention	Number of inhalations (Least Squares Mean)
FP + Placebo	2.17
FP + GSK2190915 100 mg	2.14
FP + GSK2190915 300 mg	2.03
FP + Montelukast	2.09
FP / Salmeterol	2.08

[back to top]

Daily Evening PEF Averaged Over the Last 3 Weeks of the 6-week Treatment Period

The PEF is a measure of lung function and measures how fast a person can breathe out. PEF was measured every evening prior to study medication dose and any rescue albuterol (bronchodilator) use. Participants recorded PEF in a daily eDiary. Daily evening PEF was averaged over the last 3 weeks of the 6-week treatment period, and analyzed using mixed effect ANCOVA model for treatment effects, incorporating fixed effects of baseline, period, age, center, smoking status, and random effects of participant. (NCT01156792)
Timeframe: Week 4 to Week 6

Intervention	L/min (Least Squares Mean)
FP + Placebo	354.06
FP + GSK2190915 100 mg	355.71
FP + GSK2190915 300 mg	359.16
FP + Montelukast	358.88
FP / Salmeterol	364.35

[back to top]

Daily Asthma Symptom Score Averaged Over the Last 3 Weeks of the 6-week Treatment Period

Daytime and night time asthma symptoms were recorded every evening at bedtime and every morning upon rising, respectively, before taking any rescue or study medication and before assessing the PEF. Symptoms were recorded on scales ranging from '0' (implying no symptoms) to either 5 (for daytime symptoms) or 4 (for night time symptoms) (implying severe symptoms). Participants recorded the symptoms in a daily eDiary. 24-hour period asthma symptom scores were averaged over the last 3 weeks of the 6-week treatment period, and analyzed using mixed effect ANCOVA model for treatment effects, incorporating fixed effects of baseline, period, age, center, smoking status, and random effects of participant. (NCT01156792)
Timeframe: Week 4 to Week 6

Intervention	Score on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
FP + Placebo	2.26
FP + GSK2190915 100 mg	2.26
FP + GSK2190915 300 mg	2.15
FP + Montelukast	2.22
FP / Salmeterol	2.25

[back to top]

Daily (Average of Morning and Evening) PEF Averaged Over the Last 3 Weeks of the 6 -Week Treatment Period Between GSK2190915 and Montelukast Groups

The PEF is a measure of lung function and measures how fast a person can breathe out. PEF was measured every morning and evening prior to study medication dose and any rescue albuterol (bronchodilator) use. Participants recorded PEF in a daily eDiary. Daily average of morning and evening PEF was averaged over the last 3 weeks of the 6-week treatment period, and analyzed using mixed effect ANCOVA model for treatment effects, incorporating fixed effects of baseline, period, age, center, smoking status, and random effects of participant. This outcome measure explored the efficacy between GSK2190915 and montelukast due to the dosing time difference. (NCT01156792)
Timeframe: Week 4 to Week 6

Intervention	L/min (Least Squares Mean)
FP + GSK2190915 100 mg	352.37
FP + GSK2190915 300 mg	356.16
FP + Montelukast	356.52

[back to top]

Changes in Symptoms as Measured by Patient Self-report--Short Form-36 (SF-36)

SF-36 subscales have min=0 and max=100; results are given as change in 6mo score compared to baseline score, not actual score, and a positive change is correlated with improvement in clinical outcome. (NCT01307462)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 months

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
	SF-36 norm-based physical functioning score	SF-36 norm-based role-physical score	SF-36 norm-based bodily pain score	SF-36 norm-based general health score	SF-36 norm-based vitality score	SF-36 norm-based social functioning score	SF-36 norm-based role-emotional score	SF-36 norm-based mental health score	SF-36 standardized physical component score	SF-36 standardized mental component score
Treatment (BOS Therapy)	0.0	0.0	0.0	-2.38	1.56	5.45	0.0	0.0	-1.21	1.64

[back to top]

Number of Subjects Who Experienced Grade 3-5 SAEs Attributable to FAM and Number of Subjects Who Stopped FAM as a Result

National Cancer Institute (NCI)-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) (v4.0) (NCT01307462)
Timeframe: From baseline to 6 months

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	SAEs attributable to FAM	Stopped FAM during study
Treatment (BOS Therapy)	11	1

[back to top]

Number of Subjects Who Failed Treatment

Treatment failure is defined as sustained, absolute decrease (worsening) of the FEV1 by >= 10% predicted in comparison to the baseline FEV1. Must be confirmed by a second PFT 2 weeks after the first measurement. (NCT01307462)
Timeframe: Within 3 months after initiation of study medications

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (BOS Therapy)	2

[back to top]

Changes in Symptoms as Measured by Patient Self-report--Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACT)

"FACT-BMT subscales have various min/max, see below; results are given as change in 6mo score compared to baseline score, not actual score, and a positive change is correlated with improvement in clinical outcome.~FACT physical well-being (0-28) FACT social/family well-being (0-28) FACT emotional well-being (0-24) FACT functional well-being (0-28) FACT Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) subscale (0-40) FACT trial outcome index (0-96) FACT-General (G) (0-108) FACT-BMT total (0-148)" (NCT01307462)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 months

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
	FACT physical well-being	FACT social/family well-being	FACT emotional well-being	FACT functional well-being	FACT BMT subscale	FACT trial outcome index	FACT-G	FACT-BMT total
Treatment (BOS Therapy)	0.5	-1	0	1	-0.78	2	2.5	2.17

[back to top]

Number of Subjects Were Able to Reduce Their Systemic Steroid Exposure by >=50%

(NCT01307462)
Timeframe: Baseline to 6 months

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (BOS Therapy)	17

[back to top]

Number of Subjects Who Experienced Statistically Significant Changes in FVC, TLC, RV, DLCO

(NCT01307462)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 months

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (BOS Therapy)	0

[back to top]

Changes in Symptoms as Measured by Patient Self-report--Human Activities Profile (HAP)

"HAP subscales have min=0 and max=94; results are given as change in 6mo score compared to baseline score, not actual score, and a positive change is correlated with improvement in clinical outcome.~Maximum Activity Score (MAS) is highest item number answered still doing. Represents highest oxygen demanding activity that respondent still performs.~Adjusted Activity Score (AAS) is MAS minus total number of stopped doing responses below MAS. A measure of usual daily activities.~Modified AAS is MAS minus total number of stopped doing responses below MAS but not penalized for not doing activities not permitted post transplant. The following items are not counted against the score:11,15,19,20,22,25,34,41,42,47,49,50,52,53,54,57,72,73,77,78." (NCT01307462)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 months

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
	HAP MAS	HAP AAS	Modified HAP AAS
Treatment (BOS Therapy)	0.5	4.5	3.5

[back to top]

Changes in Symptoms as Measured by Patient Self-report--Lee Chronic GVHD Symptom Scale

Lee symptom scale (LSS) has subscales with min=0, max=100; results are given as change in 6mo score compared to baseline score, not actual score, and a negative change is correlated with improvement in clinical outcome. (NCT01307462)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 months

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
	LSS skin scale	LSS energy scale	LSS lung scale	LSS eye scale	LSS nutrition scale	LSS psychological scale	LSS mouth scale	LSS overall summary scale
Treatment (BOS Therapy)	-5.63	-7.14	-5	-8.33	0	0	0	-7.77

[back to top]

Number of Subjects With Improvements in Other Chronic GVHD Characteristics

Only includes subjects who had complete or partial response according to the National Institute of Health (NIH) consensus criteria. (NCT01307462)
Timeframe: Baseline and 3 months

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (BOS Therapy)	12

[back to top]

Number of Asthma-related Hospitalizations, Asthma-related Emergency Department (ED) Visits, and Combined Hospitalizations/ED Visits Represented Per 100 Person Years

The number of participants with an asthma-related event was computed during the follow-up period and was standardized by dividing by the total days of follow-up in each cohort since participants had different lengths of follow-up. Per 100 person years is equal to the percent of events that occurred during the observed time period of the study. (NCT01328964)
Timeframe: 12 months prior to January 1, 2000 to June 30, 2008

Intervention	Asthma related events per100 person year (Number)
	Hospitalizations	Emergency Department Visits	Hospitalizations or Emergency Department Visits
Fluticasone Propionate	0.71	3.40	4.07
Montelukast	0.62	4.76	5.29

[back to top]

Number of Asthma-related Hospitalizations, Asthma-related Emergency Department (ED) Visits, and Combined Hospitalizations/ED Visits Represented Per 100 Person Years

Intervention	asthma events per 100 person years (Number)
	Hospitalizations	Emergency Department Visits	Hospitalizations or Emergency Department Visits
Budesonide	0.61	5.30	5.85
Fluticasone Propionate	0.89	3.35	4.17

[back to top]

Mean Monthly Asthma-related Costs (Pharmacy and Medical) During the Post-index Period

The mean total asthma costs are a sum of pharmacy and medical costs. Costs were determined monthly from the pharmacy and medical encounters recorded in the managed care insurance database. All costs were summed for each participant over the 3-12 month follow-up period (post-index period), and a mean monthly cost was calculated by dividing by the follow-up for each participant. (NCT01328964)
Timeframe: 12 months prior to January 1, 2000 to June 30, 2008

Intervention	United States dollars (Mean)
	Monthly Medical Costs	Monthly Pharmacy Costs	Monthly Total Costs
Budesonide	27	32	59
Fluticasone Propionate	25	20	45	26	21	48
Montelukast	27	48	75

[back to top]

Serum Leptin Levels

Leptin levels, measured through blood, mediate appetite and are elaborated by adipose tissue. Levels correlate positively with body fat percentage. In addition, leptin plays a role in producing an inflammatory state. Adiponectin, which is also secreted by adipose tissue, regulates metabolism, however its levels are inversely correlated with body fat percentage. (NCT01329939)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

,,,

Intervention	ng/mL (Mean)
	Serum leptin level	serum adiponectin
Normal Weight Atopic Asthmatics, Montelukast	10.90	13.08
Normal-weight Atopic Asthmatics, Placebo	4.13	11.35
Overweight/Obese Atopic Asthmatics, Montelukast	44.35	10.27
Overweight/Obese Atopic Asthmatics, Placebo	34.88	9.52

[back to top]

Beclomethasone Equivalents

The total daily dose of inhaled corticosteroids in beclomethasone equivalents. We did not perform percent change from baseline since in a randomized clinical trial, where the groups are comparable at baseline, we can use only the post-treatment (week 24) data in the analysis. (NCT01329939)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Intervention	micrograms (Mean)
Overweight/Obese Atopic Asthmatics, Montelukast	680
Normal-weight Atopic Asthmatics, Placebo	740
Normal Weight Atopic Asthmatics, Montelukast	580
Overweight/Obese Atopic Asthmatics, Placebo	1210.00

[back to top]

Urinary Leukotriene E4 (LTE4) Levels

LTE4 levels, measured in the urine, reflect the degree of inflammation in the asthmatic airway. We did not perform percent change from baseline since in a randomized clinical trial, where the groups are comparable at baseline, we can use only the post-treatment (week 24) data in the analysis. (NCT01329939)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Intervention	pg/mL (Mean)
Overweight/Obese Atopic Asthmatics, Montelukast	171.50
Normal-weight Atopic Asthmatics, Placebo	195.67
Normal Weight Atopic Asthmatics, Montelukast	198.00
Overweight/Obese Atopic Asthmatics, Placebo	313.00

[back to top]

Urinary Creatinine (Cr) Levels/Leukotriene E4 (LTE4) Ratio

The ratio of urinary LTE4 to Cr provides a standardization of the LTE4 level based on the patients weight and muscle mass, therefore normalizing it across the different subjects. We did not perform percent change from baseline since in a randomized clinical trial, where the groups are comparable at baseline, we can use only the post-treatment (week 24) data in the analysis. (NCT01329939)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Intervention	pg/mg (Mean)
Overweight/Obese Atopic Asthmatics, Montelukast	105.87
Normal-weight Atopic Asthmatics, Placebo	99.61
Normal Weight Atopic Asthmatics, Montelukast	159.84
Overweight/Obese Atopic Asthmatics, Placebo	177.92

[back to top]

Urinary Creatinine (Cr) Levels

Creatinine, measured in the urine, reflects how well the kidneys are working, and provide a standard to which one can compare other metabolites in the urine. We did not perform percent change from baseline since in a randomized clinical trial, where the groups are comparable at baseline, we can use only the post-treatment (week 24) data in the analysis. (NCT01329939)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Intervention	mg/mL (Mean)
Overweight/Obese Atopic Asthmatics, Montelukast	1.7
Normal-weight Atopic Asthmatics, Placebo	1.69
Normal Weight Atopic Asthmatics, Montelukast	1.77
Overweight/Obese Atopic Asthmatics, Placebo	2.77

[back to top]

Exhaled Nitric Oxide Measurement

A non-invasive measure of eosinophilic airway inflammation. We did not perform percent change from baseline since in a randomized clinical trial, where the groups are comparable at baseline, we can use only the post-treatment (week 24) data in the analysis. (NCT01329939)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Intervention	ppb (Mean)
Overweight/Obese Atopic Asthmatics, Montelukast	14.33
Normal-weight Atopic Asthmatics, Placebo	27.25
Normal Weight Atopic Asthmatics, Montelukast	25.75
Overweight/Obese Atopic Asthmatics, Placebo	39.5

[back to top]

Asthma Control Test (ACT) Scores

The ACT is a validated questionaire-based tool designed to assess asthma control. Scale range for 7-11 year olds is 0-27 and for 12 years and older 5-25, with lower scores indicating poorer asthma control for all ages. We did not perform percent change from baseline since in a randomized clinical trial, where the groups are comparable at baseline, we can use only the post-treatment (week 24) data in the analysis. (NCT01329939)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Overweight/Obese Atopic Asthmatics, Montelukast	25.00
Normal-weight Atopic Asthmatics, Placebo	20.5
Normal Weight Atopic Asthmatics, Montelukast	24.00
Overweight/Obese Atopic Asthmatics, Placebo	15.75

[back to top]

Spirometric Measures

Breathing maneuvers which help to measure obstruction of airways. We did not perform percent change from baseline since in a randomized clinical trial, where the groups are comparable at baseline, we can use only the post-treatment (week 24) data in the analysis. (NCT01329939)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

,,,

Intervention	percent predicted (Mean)
	FEV1%	FVC%	FEV1/FVC	FEF 25-75%	PEF (peak expiratory flow)%
Normal Weight Atopic Asthmatics, Montelukast	97.87	101.68	88.25	103.77	108.09
Normal-weight Atopic Asthmatics, Placebo	85.31	88.87	89.35	78.57	74.44
Overweight/Obese Atopic Asthmatics, Montelukast	83.37	91.01	83.13	87.62	100.19
Overweight/Obese Atopic Asthmatics, Placebo	71.79	76.21	80.42	66.99	92.79

[back to top]

Eosinophil Count

Eosinophils/high powered field(hpf) in the mid esophagus will be measured after 12 weeks of therapy. (NCT01458418)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Intervention	Eosinophils/HPF (Mean)
Subjects Whose Arm is Unknown Due to Not Being Unblinded	8

[back to top]

Baseline Lung Function of FEV1/FVC Before the Bronchodilator

baseline lung function in forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity before the administration of bronchodilator (NCT01581710)
Timeframe: up to 2 weeks

Intervention	none (ratio) (Mean)
Baseline Lung Function	83.55
2 Weeks After Placebo Administration	83.04
2 Weeks After Montelukast Administration	85.93

[back to top]

Baseline Lung Function of FEV1 Before the Bronchodilator

baseline lung function in forced expiratory volume in 1 second before the administration of bronchodilator (NCT01581710)
Timeframe: up to 2 weeks

Intervention	L/s (Mean)
Baseline Lung Function	1.28
2 Weeks After Placebo Administration	1.25
2 Weeks After Montelukast Administration	1.28

[back to top]

Baseline Lung Function in MMEF

Baseline lung function in maximal mid-expiratory flow before the administration of bronchodilator (NCT01581710)
Timeframe: up to 2 weeks

Intervention	L/s (Mean)
Baseline Lung Function	1.40
2 Weeks After Placebo Administration	1.38
2 Weeks After Montelukast Administration	1.46

[back to top]

Relative Change (%) of FEV1 After the Bronchodilator

Relative change in percentage of FEV1 after the bronchodilator, 2weeks after placebo and montelukast administration Relative change (%) in FEV1 = (((FEV1 post-bronchodilator)-(FEV1 pre-bronchodilator))/baseline FEV1) x 100 (NCT01581710)
Timeframe: up to 2 weeks

Intervention	% (relative change) (Mean)
2 Weeks After Placebo Administration	9.68
2 Weeks After Montelukast Administration	5.65

[back to top]

Baseline Lung Function of Xrs5 With IOS Before the Bronchodilator (Pre-Xrs 5)

Pre Xrs 5: Reactance at 5Hz before the administration of bronchodilator (NCT01581710)
Timeframe: up to 2 weeks

Intervention	kPa/L/s (Mean)
Baseline Lung Function	-0.34
2 Weeks After Placebo Administration	-0.36
2 Weeks After Montelukast Administration	-0.34

[back to top]

Baseline Lung Function of Rrs 5 With IOS Before the Bronchodilator (Pre-Rrs5)

Pre Rrs 5: Resistance at 5Hz before the administration of bronchodilator (NCT01581710)
Timeframe: up to 2 weeks

Intervention	kPa/L/s (Mean)
Baseline Lung Function	0.73
2 Weeks After Placebo Administration	0.74
2 Weeks After Montelukast Administration	0.73

[back to top]

Baseline Lung Function of Xrs10 With IOS Before the Bronchodilator (Pre-Xrs10)

Pre Xrs 10: Reactance at 10Hz before the administration of bronchodilator (NCT01581710)
Timeframe: up to 2 weeks

Intervention	kPa/L/s (Mean)
Baseline Lung Function	-0.15
2 Weeks After Placebo Administration	-0.20
2 Weeks After Montelukast Administration	-0.19

[back to top]

Baseline Lung Function of Rrs10 With IOS Before the Bronchodilator

Pre Rrs10: Resistance at 10Hz before the administration of bronchodilator (NCT01581710)
Timeframe: up to 2 weeks

Intervention	kPa/L/s (Mean)
Baseline Lung Function	0.57
2 Weeks After Placebo Administration	0.55
2 Weeks After Montelukast Administration	0.55

[back to top]

Differential Response to the Three Therapies Based on Fixed Threshold Criteria for the Following Asthma Control Measures: Use of Oral Prednisone for Acute Asthma Exacerbations and Asthma Control Days.

The primary outcome was differential response to the three therapies on the basis of fixed threshold criteria for the following asthma control measures, which encompassed domains of risk and impairment: the time from the start of the treatment period to an asthma exacerbation treated with systemic corticosteroids, and the annualized number of asthma control days (ACDs) from within that period. ACDs were defined as full calendar days without symptoms, rescue medication use, or unscheduled healthcare visits. Children were defined as differential responders if, first, the time to an asthma exacerbation was at least four weeks longer, or second, if the number of annualized ACDs was at least 31 days more for one treatment than another, in that order. If neither threshold was met, the participant was considered a non differential responder. Differential response was determined in children completing at least two treatment periods and at least 50% of the daily diary entries for each period. (NCT01606306)
Timeframe: The last 14 weeks of each 16-week treatment period

Intervention	probability (Number)
	Non-differential responders	Responded best to daily ICS	Responded best to daily LTRA	Responded best to as-needed ICS
All Evaluable Participants	.26	.40	.18	.16

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Short-Acting Beta Agonist (SABA) Use at Week 4

The change from baseline in SABA use at Week 4 after treatment with MK-1029 + ML or placebo + ML was assessed. Participants used the e-Diary upon arising and before going to sleep to enter the total number of SABA puffs used for asthma relief. The number of SABA puffs recorded was the number of canister actuations (e. g., when SABA use was required and 3 puffs were inhaled, this was recorded as 3). Participants also recorded the number of nebulizer treatments (1 nebulized SABA use = 3 puffs). The average daily number of puffs for an individual participant was calculated over the week-long assessment periods. The change from baseline in SABA use was evaluated using the LDA model with repeated measurements of SABA use, with treatment, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, and period as fixed effects, and participant as random effect. (NCT01624974)
Timeframe: The week before the first dose in Period III or V (Baseline) and the last week of Period III or V

Intervention	Number of puffs (Mean)
	Baseline	Change from Baseline at Week 4
MK-1029 + ML	3.203	-0.595
Placebo + ML	3.597	-0.561

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1) at Week 4

The change from baseline in FEV1 at Week 4 following treatment with MK-1029 + ML or placebo + ML was assessed. The pre-bronchodilator FEV1 was evaluated to assess the response to treatment for asthma. The primary efficacy evaluation period was the last week of each treatment period: Period III (Initial Therapy, Week 4) and Period V (Crossover Therapy, Week 4). The change from baseline in FEV1 was evaluated using a longitudinal data analysis (LDA) model with repeated measurements of FEV1, with treatment, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, and period as fixed effects, and participant as random effect. Baseline FEV1 is defined as the measurement taken before dosing in each treatment period (i. e., at Visit 3 [Week 0], prior to Period III and at Visit 6 [Week 8], prior to Period V). The Baseline Characteristics section shows FEV1 values at baseline. (NCT01624974)
Timeframe: The week before the first dose in Period III or V (Baseline) and the last week of Period III or V

Intervention	Liters (Least Squares Mean)
MK-1029 + ML	0.065
Placebo + ML	0.017

[back to top]

Adverse Events During Treatment and Follow-up

The number of participants who had at least one adverse event (AE) during study treatment and follow-up was assessed. An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function, or chemistry of the body temporally associated with the use of the SPONSOR's product, whether or not considered related to the use of the product. The number of participants with at least one AE was assessed. The number of participants in any treatment group with at least one AE was assessed. (NCT01624974)
Timeframe: Up to 14 days after the last dose in Period III or Period V (up to 6 weeks)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
MK-1029 + ML	30
Placebo + ML	33

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Daytime Symptom Score (DSS) at Week 4

The change from baseline in DSS at Week 4 following treatment was assessed. Participants used an electronic diary (e-Diary) to enter their asthma symptom scores every evening. Participants scored daily symptoms (chest discomfort, wheezing, shortness of breath, and cough) by responding to 4 questions: 1) Symptom frequency (0 = None of the time, 6 = All of the time); 2) Bothersomeness (0 = Not bothered, 6 = Severely bothered); 3) Activity limitation (0 = Not limited, 6 = Totally limited); 4) Frequency of activity limitation (0 = None of the time, 6 = All of the time). The average of the 4 scores for overall DSS ranges from 0 to 6 where a higher average indicates greater symptom severity. The average overall DSS was calculated over the week-long assessment periods. The change from baseline in DSS was evaluated using the LDA model with repeated measurements of DSS, with treatment, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, and period as fixed effects, and participant as random effect. (NCT01624974)
Timeframe: The week before the first dose in Period III or V (Baseline) and the last week of Period III or V

Intervention	Score on a scale (Mean)
	Baseline	Change from Baseline at Week 4
MK-1029 + ML	1.93	-0.18
Placebo + ML	1.98	-0.08

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) Score at Week 4

The change from baseline in the ACQ score at Week 4, after treatment, was assessed in 97 participants. Participants completed 6 items of the ACQ (i. e., ACQ-6) and provided the average of responses over the past week: 1) Frequency of nocturnal awakenings (0 = Never, 6 = Unable to sleep); 2) Symptom severity (0 = None, 6 = Very severe); 3) Activity limitations (0 = Not limited, 6 = Totally limited); 4) Breathlessness (0 = None, 6 = Very great deal); 5) Wheezing (0 = Not at all, 6 = All the time); 6) Daily SABA use (0 = None, 6 = More than 16 puffs on most days). The ACQ score ranges from 0 to 6 where a lower score indicates greater performance. The investigator reviewed the participant-completed ACQ-6 to ensure its completeness. The change from baseline in the ACQ score was evaluated using the LDA model with repeated measurements of the ACQ score, with treatment, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, and period as fixed effects, and participant as random effect. (NCT01624974)
Timeframe: The week before the first dose in Period III or V (Baseline) and the last week of Period III or V

Intervention	Score on a scale (Mean)
	Baseline	Change from Baseline at Week 4
MK-1029 + ML	2.09	-0.49
Placebo + ML	2.25	-0.48

[back to top]

Discontinuation of Treatment Due to An Adverse Event

The number of participants who discontinued study treatment due to an AE was assessed. An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function, or chemistry of the body temporally associated with the use of the SPONSOR's product, whether or not considered related to the use of the product. (NCT01624974)
Timeframe: Up to the last dose in Period III or Period V (up to 4 weeks)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
MK-1029 + ML	2
Placebo + ML	2

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Nocturnal Awakenings at Week 4

"The change from baseline in nocturnal awakenings due to asthma at Week 4 after treatment with MK-1029 + ML or placebo + ML was assessed. The participant scored nocturnal awakenings by answering the question, Did you wake up with asthma symptoms in the middle of the night or upon awakening in the morning? (No or Yes). Participants recorded in the e-Diary the number of nights per week in which they awakened with asthma, as determined by dividing the number of nights of awakening with asthma by the total number of nights and then multiplying by 7 (standardized to a 7-day period). The change from baseline in nocturnal awakenings was evaluated using the LDA model with repeated measurements of nocturnal awakenings, with treatment, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, and period as fixed effects, and participant as random effect." (NCT01624974)
Timeframe: The week before the first dose in Period III or V (Baseline) and the last week of Period III or V

Intervention	Number of nocturnal awakenings (Mean)
	Baseline	Change from Baseline at Week 4
MK-1029 + ML	4.97	-1.13
Placebo + ML	4.90	-1.30

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Morning (AM) Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) at Week 4

The change from baseline in AM PEF at Week 4 after treatment with MK-1029 + ML or placebo + ML was assessed in 97 participants. Participants performed triplicate AM PEF measurements in the morning upon rising. Participants entered all 3 measurements and the greatest AM PEF value was recorded by the e-Diary. Participants refrained from SABA use within the 4 hours prior to performing PEF measurements. The average AM PEF for an individual participant was calculated over the week-long assessment periods. The change from baseline in AM PEF was evaluated using the LDA model with repeated measurements of AM PEF, with treatment, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, and period as fixed effects, and participant as random effect. (NCT01624974)
Timeframe: The week before the first dose in Period III or V (Baseline) and the last week of Period III or V

Intervention	Liters/min (Mean)
	Baseline	Change from Baseline at Week 4
MK-1029 + ML	336.57	7.14
Placebo + ML	333.07	-2.70

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Evening (PM) PEF at Week 4

The change from baseline in PM PEF at Week 4 after treatment with MK-1029 + ML or placebo + ML was assessed. Participants performed triplicate PM PEF measurements in the evening, immediately before study drug administration, at bedtime. Participants entered all 3 measurements and the greatest PM PEF value was recorded by the e-Diary. Participants refrained from SABA use within the 4 hours prior to performing PEF measurements. The average PM PEF for an individual participant was calculated over the week-long assessment periods. The change from baseline in PM PEF was evaluated using the LDA model with repeated measurements of PM PEF, with treatment, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, and period as fixed effects, and participant as random effect. (NCT01624974)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0 and Week 8), Last week of the 4-week treatment period

Intervention	Liters/min (Mean)
	Baseline	Change from Baseline at Week 4
MK-1029 + ML	350.34	8.25
Placebo + ML	342.30	-4.68

[back to top]

Average Change From Baseline in Use of Short-Acting Beta-Agonists (SABAs)

Twice daily (upon arising and before going to sleep), participants recorded the total number of puff (actuations) of SABA used for asthma symptoms in their eDiaries. The number of SABA puffs used in one day was calculated based on eDiary entries as the sum of daytime and nighttime number of puffs of SABA. The average change from baseline over the last 6 weeks of the 12-week-treatment period (visits at Week 6, Week 8, Week 10 and Week 12) in the daily number of SABA puffs was estimated using a cLDA model. In the cLDA analysis, Baseline was the average number of SABA puffs used in one day during the placebo run-in period and the post-baseline value was calculated as the average number of SABA puffs used in one day over Week 6 to Week 12. (NCT01656395)
Timeframe: Baseline and last six weeks of treatment (visits at Week 6, Week 8, Week 10 and Week 12)

Intervention	Number of SABA Puffs (Least Squares Mean)
MK-1029 10 mg	-1.373
MK-1029 30 mg	-0.920
MK-1029 60 mg	-0.955
MK-1029 150 mg	-0.571
Montelukast 10 mg	-1.234
Placebo	-0.845

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) Score

The ACQ is a validated 6-item measure of asthma control to evaluate asthma control in response to therapy. Participants evaluate their asthma over the previous week by answering 6 questions: How often were you woken by your asthma during the night? How bad were your asthma symptoms when you woke up in the morning? How limited were you in your activities because of your asthma? How much shortness of breath did you experience because of your asthma? How much of the time did you wheeze? How many puffs/inhalations of short-acting bronchodilator have you used each day? Each response to a question was scored on a 7-point scale (0=best to 6=worst). The ACQ score is the average of the scores for the 6 items. Change from baseline to Week 12 in ACQ was estimated using a cLDA model. In the cLDA analysis, the Baseline value was the last measurement taken prior to the first double-blind study drug and the post-baseline value was calculated as the average ACQ Score at Week 12. (NCT01656395)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12

Intervention	Score on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
MK-1029 10 mg	-0.807
MK-1029 30 mg	-0.736
MK-1029 60 mg	-0.855
MK-1029 150 mg	-1.066
Montelukast 10 mg	-0.931
Placebo	-0.704

[back to top]

Percentage of Asthma Attack Days

An asthma attack was defined as asthma symptoms during the previous 24 hours requiring one or more of the following: corticosteroid use (systemic), unscheduled visit to the doctor or urgent care clinic, unscheduled visit to the emergency department or hospitalization. Information on asthma attacks was recorded throughout the study in the participant's e-Diary, and an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to calculate the average percentage of asthma attack days over Week 6 to Week 12 of a 12-week treatment period. (NCT01656395)
Timeframe: Week 6 to Week 12

Intervention	Percentage (Least Squares Mean)
MK-1029 10 mg	0.482
MK-1029 30 mg	0.182
MK-1029 60 mg	0.017
MK-1029 150 mg	0.637
Montelukast 10 mg	0.248
Placebo	0.557

[back to top]

Percentage of Asthma Exacerbation Days

"An asthma exacerbation day was defined as a day with ANY of the following: a decrease from Baseline in morning (AM) Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) of more than 20%, an AM PEF of less than 180 liters (L)/min, an increase in Short Acting Beta2 Agonist (SABA) use of more than 70% (and a minimum increase of at least 2 puffs), an increase from Baseline in Daytime Asthma Symptom Score of more than 50%, an overnight asthma symptom of: Awake all night, or an asthma attack. Information on asthma exacerbation days was recorded throughout the study in the participant's electronic diary (e-Diary), and an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to calculate the average percentage of days with asthma exacerbations over Week 6 to Week 12." (NCT01656395)
Timeframe: Week 6 to Week 12

Intervention	Percentage of Asthma Exacerbation Days (Least Squares Mean)
MK-1029 10 mg	17.704
MK-1029 30 mg	15.812
MK-1029 60 mg	15.435
MK-1029 150 mg	20.238
Montelukast 10 mg	19.657
Placebo	24.904

[back to top]

Percentage of Participants Who Discontinue Study Due to AEs

An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function, or chemistry of the body temporally associated with the use of the study drug, whether or not considered related to the use of the study drug. Any worsening (i.e., any clinically significant adverse change in frequency and/or intensity) of a pre-existing condition which is temporally associated with the use of the study drug, is also an AE. (NCT01656395)
Timeframe: Up to 14 weeks

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
MK-1029 10 mg	1.7
MK-1029 30 mg	10.3
MK-1029 60 mg	3.7
MK-1029 150 mg	7.7
Montelukast 10 mg	8.3
Placebo	5.6

[back to top]

Percentage of Participants Who Experience Adverse Events (AEs)

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
MK-1029 10 mg	44.8
MK-1029 30 mg	48.4
MK-1029 60 mg	47.4
MK-1029 150 mg	53.8
Montelukast 10 mg	56.7
Placebo	57.9

[back to top]

Percentage of Participants With a ≥0.5 Change From Baseline in ACQ Score

The ACQ is a validated 6-item measure of asthma control to evaluate asthma control in response to therapy. Participants evaluate their asthma over the previous week by answering 6 questions: How often were you woken by your asthma during the night? How bad were your asthma symptoms when you woke up in the morning? How limited were you in your activities because of your asthma? How much shortness of breath did you experience because of your asthma? How much of the time did you wheeze? How many puffs/inhalations of short-acting bronchodilator have you used each day? Each response to a question was scored on a 7-point scale (0=best to 6=worst). The ACQ score is the average of the scores for the 6 items. The percentage of participants who experienced a ≥0.5 decrease in ACQ Score at Week 12 compared to Baseline was calculated using the MN method. (NCT01656395)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
MK-1029 10 mg	65.51
MK-1029 30 mg	59.57
MK-1029 60 mg	66.60
MK-1029 150 mg	71.11
Montelukast 10 mg	64.72
Placebo	62.43

[back to top]

Percentage of Participants With a ≥0.5 Change From Baseline in AQLQ(S) Overall and Domain Scores

The AQLQ(S) is a 32-item questionnaire with questions on 4 domains (asthma symptoms, activity limitation, emotional function and environmental stimuli) over the previous 2 weeks. Responses were scored on a 7-point scale (1=worst to 7=best). Each domain score is defined as the average score of all answered questions in that domain. The AQLQ(S) Overall Score is defined as the average of all available item scores (1=worst to 7=best). The percentage of participants who experienced a ≥0.5 increase in AQLQ(S) Overall and Domain Scores at Week 12 compared to baseline was calculated using the Miettinen and Nurminen (MN) method. Statistical analyses are provide for the AQLQ(S) Overall Score response rate only. (NCT01656395)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12

,,,,,

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
	Overall Score	Activity Domain	Symptoms Domain	Emotional Function Domain	Environmental Stimuli Domain
MK-1029 10 mg	48.99	47.19	52.59	56.19	41.79
MK-1029 150 mg	64.48	60.07	57.76	57.76	59.97
MK-1029 30 mg	40.49	40.46	42.63	31.95	42.60
MK-1029 60 mg	57.22	50.00	59.66	62.10	59.66
Montelukast 10 mg	64.08	52.36	64.08	53.91	53.16
Placebo	46.14	42.61	48.13	49.90	48.13

[back to top]

Average Change From Baseline in Daytime Symptom Score (DSS)

The Daytime Symptom Score assessed daytime asthma symptoms. In the evening just before going to bed, participants scored their asthma symptoms for the period since arising by answering the following 4 questions in eDiaries: 1) How often did you experience asthma symptoms today?, 2) How much did your asthma symptoms bother you?, 3) How much activity could you do today? and 4) How often did your asthma affect your activities today? The 4 questions were scored on a 7-point scale (0=best to 6=worst) and averaged for a single score. The average change from baseline in DSS over the last 6 weeks of the 12-week-treatment period (visits at Week 6, Week 8, Week 10 and Week 12) was estimated using a cLDA model. In the cLDA analysis, baseline was the average DSS score during the placebo run-in period and the post-baseline value was the average DSS Score over Week 6 to Week 12. (NCT01656395)
Timeframe: Baseline and last six weeks of treatment (visits at Week 6, Week 8, Week 10 and Week 12)

Intervention	Score on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
MK-1029 10 mg	-0.398
MK-1029 30 mg	-0.134
MK-1029 60 mg	-0.364
MK-1029 150 mg	-0.120
Montelukast 10 mg	-0.411
Placebo	-0.276

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire With Standardised Activities [AQLQ(S)] Overall and Domain Scores

The AQLQ(S) is a 32-item questionnaire with questions on 4 domains (asthma symptoms, activity limitation, emotional function and environmental stimuli) over the previous 2 weeks. Responses were scored on a 7-point scale (1=worst to 7=best). Each domain score is defined as the average score of all answered questions in that domain. The AQLQ(S) Overall Score is defined as the average of all available item scores (1=worst to 7=best). The changes from baseline are presented for the overall scores and the individual domain scores. Baseline was the last measurement taken prior to the first double-blind study drug. The ending values were calculated as the average AQLQ(S) Overall Score and domain scores at Week 12 of a 12-week treatment period. Statistical analyses are provided for the AQLQ(S) Overall Scores only. (NCT01656395)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12

,,,,,

Intervention	Score on a scale (Mean)
	Overall Score	Activity Domain	Symptoms Domain	Emotional Function Domain	Environmental Stimuli Domain
MK-1029 10 mg	0.533	0.46	0.59	0.55	0.53
MK-1029 150 mg	0.999	0.96	1.02	1.12	0.89
MK-1029 30 mg	0.256	0.27	0.34	0.06	0.21
MK-1029 60 mg	0.696	0.62	0.80	0.75	0.54
Montelukast 10 mg	0.736	0.66	0.83	0.70	0.70
Placebo	0.458	0.44	0.47	0.45	0.49

[back to top]

Average Change From Baseline in Number of Nocturnal Awakenings

"The number of nights per week (between consecutive visits) that a participant awakened with asthma was based on eDiary entries and was calculated by dividing the number of nights a participant awakened with asthma (positive responses of once, more than once, awake all night) by the total number of nights (all responses) and then multiplying by 7 (standardized to a 7-day period). The average change from baseline in number of nocturnal awakenings over the last 6 weeks of the 12-week-treatment period (visits at Week 6, Week 8, Week 10 and Week 12) was estimated using a cLDA model. In the cLDA analysis, baseline was the average number of nocturnal awakenings during the placebo run-in period and the post-baseline value was calculated as the average number of nocturnal awakenings over Week 6 to Week 12." (NCT01656395)
Timeframe: Baseline and last six weeks of treatment (visits at Week 6, Week 8, Week 10 and Week 12)

Intervention	Number of awakenings (Least Squares Mean)
MK-1029 10 mg	-1.277
MK-1029 30 mg	-0.900
MK-1029 60 mg	-1.286
MK-1029 150 mg	-1.277
Montelukast 10 mg	-1.107
Placebo	-1.036

[back to top]

Average Change From Baseline in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1)

FEV1 is the amount of air (in liters) forcibly exhaled in one second. Repeated measurements of FEV1 were collected at visits during the 12 week active treatment period and the average change from baseline in FEV1 over the last 6 weeks of the 12-week-treatment period (visits at Week 6, Week 8, Week 10 and Week 12) was estimated using a constrained longitudinal data analysis (cLDA) model. In the cLDA analysis, baseline was the average FEV1 during the placebo run-in period and the post-baseline value was the average FEV1 over Week 6 to Week 12. (NCT01656395)
Timeframe: Baseline and last six weeks of treatment (visits at Week 6, Week 8, Week 10 and Week 12)

Intervention	Liters (Least Squares Mean)
MK-1029 10 mg	0.065
MK-1029 30 mg	0.004
MK-1029 60 mg	0.063
MK-1029 150 mg	0.036
Montelukast 10 mg	0.039
Placebo	0.043

[back to top]

Average Change From Baseline in Morning/Evening Peak Expiratory Flow (AM/PM PEF)

PEF was defined as a person's maximum speed (rate) of expiration as measured with a peak flow meter in liters per minute. Participants performed triplicate PEF measurements twice daily using a PEF meter, in the AM upon rising and in the PM immediately before study drug administration at bedtime. All three values were recorded and the average of the best morning PEF and the best evening PEF for each day (AM/PM) was determined through the e-Diary. The average change from Baseline in AM/PM PEF over the last 6 weeks of a 12-week treatment period (visits at Week 6, Week 8, Week 10 and Week 12) was estimated using a cLDA model. In the cLDA analysis, baseline was the average AM/PM PEF value during the placebo run-in period and the post-baseline value was calculated as the average AM/PM PEF over Week 6 to Week 12. (NCT01656395)
Timeframe: Baseline and last six weeks of treatment (visits at Week 6, Week 8, Week 10 and Week 12)

Intervention	Liters/minutes (Least Squares Mean)
MK-1029 10 mg	-1.857
MK-1029 30 mg	3.850
MK-1029 60 mg	7.174
MK-1029 150 mg	2.713
Montelukast 10 mg	-4.005
Placebo	-2.401

[back to top]

Number of Participants Discontinuing Study Treatment Due to AEs

An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function, or chemistry of the body temporally associated with the use of the study treatment, whether or not considered related to the use of the study treatment. (NCT01673620)
Timeframe: Up to 2 weeks

Intervention	participants (Number)
Montelukast 10 mg/Loratadine 10 mg	1
Placebo	0

[back to top]

Number of Participants Experiencing at Least One Adverse Event (AE)

Intervention	participants (Number)
Montelukast 10 mg/Loratadine 10 mg	6
Placebo	2

[back to top]

Asthma Control Test

The primary symptomatic measure, the Asthma Control Test (ACT), has been shown to be valid for measuring poor asthma control in asthmatic children and non-smoking adults. The ACT is a tool developed by Nathan and collaborators a decade ago for evaluating asthma control. It consists of five questions with five possible answers each. A maximum score of 25 points indicates complete asthma control. A score between 20 and 24 represents partially controlled asthma, while a score 19 or below indicates poorly controlled asthma and a score <16 indicates uncontrolled asthma. The minimally important clinical difference has been determined to be 3. (NCT01696214)
Timeframe: Outcome measure was assessed at the initial visit, at randomization following a wash-in period of 1 month, monthly for 24 weeks and at follow-up visit 1 month off study drug. Median scores over the 24 weeks of treatment were compared.

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
Ipratropium	17.5
Theophylline	13
Montelukast	12
Fluticasone 250 mg/Salmeterol 50mg	10

[back to top]

Percent (%) Perdicted FEV1 Changes

Physiologic measures of % predicted FEV1 (NCT01696214)
Timeframe: Outcome measure was assessed at the initial visit, at randomization following a wash-in period of 1 month, monthly for 24 weeks. Median scores over the 24 weeks of treatment were compared

Intervention	percent predicted FEV1 (Median)
Ipratropium	-1.62
Theophylline	4.73
Montelukast	0.87
Fluticasone 250 mg/Salmeterol 50mg	-5.71

[back to top]

The Asthma Symptom Utility Index (ASUI)

The Asthma Symptom Utility Index (ASUI), an important secondary outcome in the proposed full-scale TOM Trial, has also been shown to be useful in tracking the frequency and severity of asthma-related symptoms in non-smoking asthmatics. ASUI is a brief, interviewer-administered, patient preference-based scale assessing frequency and severity of selected asthma-related symptoms and treatment side effects. 11 items are reviewed, with 2-week recall to assess four symptoms (cough, wheeze, shortness of breath, and awakening at night) and medication side-effects each on two dimensions (frequency and severity). 4-point Likert scale is used to assess frequency (not at all, 1 to 3 days, 4 to 7 days, and 8 to 14 days) and severity (not applicable, mild, moderate and severe). Scores range from 0 (worst possible symptoms) to 1 (no symptoms). The change between two time points, initial visit and after 24 weeks of treatment, is reported. The median value is reported with the standard deviation. (NCT01696214)
Timeframe: Outcome measure was assessed at the initial visit, at randomization following a wash-in period of 1 month, monthly for 24 weeks and a follow-up visit 1 month off study drug. Median scores, change from initial visit and end of treatment, were compared

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
Ipratropium	0.16
Theophylline	0.24
Montelukast	0.14
Fluticasone 250 mg/Salmeterol 50mg	0.13

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Pre-Dose (Trough) Pre-Bronchodilator Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)

PEF is a person's maximum speed of expiration. It measures the airflow through the bronchi and thus the degree of obstruction in the airways. PEF will be measured using spirometry in accordance with ATS/ERS consensus guidelines. An ANCOVA model with treatment sequence, treatment period, and study treatment as fixed factors with Baseline PEF measurement as the covariate was used for analysis. (NCT01765192)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days 1 and 56) and after 4 weeks of treatment (Days 28 and 84)

Intervention	liters/minute (L/min) (Least Squares Mean)
Roflumilast Plus Montelukast	15.05
Placebo Plus Montelukast	7.85

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Pre-Dose (Trough) Pre-Bronchodilator Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)

FVC is the amount of air which can be forcibly exhaled from the lungs after taking the deepest breath possible. FVC will be measured using spirometry in accordance with ATS/ERS consensus guidelines. An ANCOVA model with treatment sequence, treatment period, and study treatment as fixed factors with Baseline FVC measurement as the covariate was used for analysis. (NCT01765192)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days 1 and 56) and after 4 weeks of treatment (Days 28 and 84)

Intervention	liters (Least Squares Mean)
Roflumilast Plus Montelukast	0.12
Placebo Plus Montelukast	0.06

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Pre-Dose (Trough) Pre-Bronchodilator Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1)

FEV1 is the amount of air which can be forcibly exhaled from the lungs in the first second of a forced exhalation. FEV1 will be measured using spirometry in accordance with the American Thoracic Society / European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) consensus guidelines. An ANCOVA model with treatment sequence, treatment period, and study treatment as fixed factors with Baseline FEV1 measurement as the covariate was used for analysis. (NCT01765192)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days 1 and 56) and after 4 weeks of treatment (Days 28 and 84)

Intervention	liters (Least Squares Mean)
Roflumilast Plus Montelukast	0.18
Placebo Plus Montelukast	0.08

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Pre-Dose (Trough) Pre-Bronchodilator Forced Expiratory Flow (FEF) 25-75%

FEF is a measure of how much air can be exhaled from the lungs. It is an indicator of obstruction of the smaller airways. FEF25-75% is the mid-flow rate or forced expiratory flow occurring in the middle 50% of the patient's exhaled volume, and will be measured using spirometry in accordance with ATS/ERS consensus guidelines. An ANCOVA model with treatment sequence, treatment period, and study treatment as fixed factors with Baseline FEF measurement as the covariate was used for analysis. (NCT01765192)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days 1 and 56) and after 4 weeks of treatment (Days 28 and 84)

Intervention	liters/second (Least Squares Mean)
Roflumilast Plus Montelukast	0.23
Placebo Plus Montelukast	0.11

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Nighttime Asthma Symptoms

Patients will assess their daily night-time asthma symptoms according to the following scale: 0: No symptoms, slept through the night. 1: Slept well but some complaints in the morning. 2: Woke up once because of asthma (inclusive early awakening). 3: Woke up several times because of asthma (inclusive early awakening). 4: Bad night, awake most of the night because of asthma. An ANCOVA model with treatment sequence, treatment period, and study treatment as fixed factors with Baseline Nighttime Asthma Symptoms measurement as the covariate was used for analysis. A negative change from Baseline indicates improvement. (NCT01765192)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days 1 and 56) and after 4 weeks of treatment (Days 28 and 84)

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Roflumilast Plus Montelukast	-0.27
Placebo Plus Montelukast	-0.17

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Morning Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)

PEF will be measured at home using portable electronic peak flow meter. The participant will record PEF daily in the morning immediately after getting up. An ANCOVA model with treatment sequence, treatment period, and study treatment as fixed factors with Baseline PEF measurement as the covariate was used for analysis. (NCT01765192)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days 1 and 56) and after 4 weeks of treatment (Days 28 and 84)

Intervention	L/min (Least Squares Mean)
Roflumilast Plus Montelukast	20.85
Placebo Plus Montelukast	7.23

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Daytime Asthma Symptoms

Patients will assess their daily day-time asthma symptoms according to the following scale: 0: Very well, no symptoms. 1: One episode of wheezing, cough or breathlessness. 2: More than one episode of wheezing, cough or breathlessness without interfering with normal activities. 3: Wheezing, cough or short of breath most of the day which interfered to some extent with normal activities. 4: Asthma very bad. Unable to carry out daily activities as usual. An ANCOVA model with treatment sequence, treatment period, and study treatment as fixed factors with Baseline Daytime Asthma Symptoms measurement as the covariate was used for analysis. A negative change from Baseline indicates improvement. (NCT01765192)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days 1 and 56) and after 4 weeks of treatment (Days 28 and 84)

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Roflumilast Plus Montelukast	-0.39
Placebo Plus Montelukast	-0.18

[back to top]

Apparent Elimination Half-life (t1/2) of Montelukast CT and Montelukast OG

Blood samples for PK assessments were collected at either 1 h or 3 h post-dose on Day 1 and at either 14 h or 22 h post-dose on Day 28. (NCT01852812)
Timeframe: Up to Day 28 after first dose of study drug

Intervention	Hours (Mean)
Montelukast 4 mg OG/1-5 Year Olds	1.27
Montelukast 5 mg CT/6-9 Year Olds	2.01
Montelukast 5 mg CT/10-15 Year Olds	2.08

[back to top]

Area Under the Time-Concentration Curve (AUC 0-∞) of Montelukast CT and Montelukast OG

Blood samples for pharmacokinetic (PK) assessments were collected at either 1 hour (h) or 3 h post-dose on Day 1 and at either 14 h or 22 h post-dose on Day 28. (NCT01852812)
Timeframe: Up to Day 28 after first dose of study drug

Intervention	h*ng/mL (Mean)
Montelukast 4 mg OG/1-5 Year Olds	4300
Montelukast 5 mg CT/6-9 Year Olds	4350
Montelukast 5 mg CT/10-15 Year Olds	3500

[back to top]

Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Montelukast CT and Montelukast OG

Intervention	ng/mL (Mean)
Montelukast 4 mg OG/1-5 Year Olds	510
Montelukast 5 mg CT/6-9 Year Olds	438
Montelukast 5 mg CT/10-15 Year Olds	344

[back to top]

Percentage of Participants Who Discontinue Study Drug Due to an AE

An AE is any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom or disease temporally associated with the use of study drug or protocol-specified procedure, whether or not considered related to the study drug or protocol-specified procedure. Any worsening of a pre-existing condition that is temporally associated with the use of study drug is also an AE. Discontinuations due to an AE were reported based on the dose of study drug participants received. (NCT01852812)
Timeframe: Up to 12 weeks

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
Montelukast 4 mg OG/1-5 Year Olds	0.0
Montelukast 5 mg CT/6-15 Year Olds	2.8

[back to top]

Percentage of Participants Who Experience at Least One Adverse Event (AE)

An AE is any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom or disease temporally associated with the use of study drug or protocol-specified procedure, whether or not considered related to the study drug or protocol-specified procedure. Any worsening of a pre-existing condition that is temporally associated with the use of study drug is also an AE. Participants were monitored for the occurrence of AEs for up to 14 days after last dose of study drug (up to a total of 14 weeks). AEs were reported based on the dose of study drug participants received. (NCT01852812)
Timeframe: Up to 14 days after last dose of study drug (Up to 14 weeks)

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
Montelukast 4 mg OG/1-5 Year Olds	74.5
Montelukast 5 mg CT/6-15 Year Olds	55.6

[back to top]

Time to Cmax (Tmax) of Montelukast CT and Montelukast OG

Intervention	Hours (Mean)
Montelukast 4 mg OG/1-5 Year Olds	2.74
Montelukast 5 mg CT/6-9 Year Olds	3.55
Montelukast 5 mg CT/10-15 Year Olds	3.65

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Nasal Congestion Score Averaged During 3 Hours of Exposure

The Nasal Congestion Score was assessed as 0 = No symptoms of nasal congestion to 4 = Completely obstructed all day, with a possible Nasal Congestion Score ranging from 0 to 4 and a higher score indicating more severe nasal congestion. The baseline Nasal Congestion Score was assessed on Day 7 of a treatment period prior to entering the chamber room. The post-baseline Nasal Congestion Score was assessed on Day 7 of a treatment period during 3 hours of exposure to JC pollen in the chamber room, as an average of measurements at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes. Analysis was done by study drug as taken. (NCT01857063)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 3 hours of pollen exposure on Day 7 of each treatment period

Intervention	score on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast	0.68
Placebo	0.68

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Nasal Discharge Score Averaged During 3 Hours of Exposure

The Nasal Discharge Score was assessed as 0 = 0 times participant blew his/her nose to 4 = 21 or more times participant blew his/her nose, with a possible Nasal Discharge Score ranging from 0 to 4 and a higher score indicating more severe nasal discharge. The baseline Nasal Discharge Score was assessed on Day 7 of a treatment period prior to entering the chamber room. The post-baseline Nasal Discharge Score was assessed on Day 7 of a treatment period during 3 hours of exposure to JC pollen in the chamber room, as an average of measurements at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes. Analysis was done by study drug as taken. (NCT01857063)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 3 hours of pollen exposure on Day 7 of each treatment period

Intervention	score on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast	0.29
Placebo	0.32

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Sneezing Score Averaged During 3 Hours of Exposure

The Sneezing Score was assessed as 0 = 0 times participant sneezed to 4 = 21 or more times participant sneezed, with a possible Sneezing Score ranging from 0 to 4 and a higher score indicating more severe sneezing. The baseline Sneezing Score was assessed on Day 7 of a treatment period prior to entering the chamber room. The post-baseline Sneezing Score was assessed on Day 7 of a treatment period during 3 hours of exposure to JC pollen in the chamber room, as an average of measurements at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes. Analysis was done by study drug as taken. (NCT01857063)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 3 hours of pollen exposure on Day 7 of each treatment period

Intervention	score on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast	0.20
Placebo	0.18

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) Averaged During 3 Hours of Exposure

The TNSS is the sum of the three nasal symptom scores for nasal congestion, nasal discharge and sneezing. Participants completed a questionnaire about their nasal symptoms. Score ranged from 0 to 4 for each of the three nasal symptoms, with a total possible score ranging from 0 to 12 and a higher score indicating more severe nasal symptoms. The baseline TNSS was assessed on Day 7 of a treatment period prior to entering the chamber room. The post-baseline TNSS was assessed on Day 7 of a treatment period during 3 hours of exposure to Japanes cedar (JC) pollen in the chamber room, as an average of measurements at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes. Analysis was done by study drug as taken. (NCT01857063)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 3 hours of pollen exposure on Day 7 of each treatment period

Intervention	score on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast	1.17
Placebo	1.18

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Weighted TNSS Averaged During 3 Hours of Exposure

TNSS was weighted as 2:1:1 for nasal congestion, nasal discharge and sneezing. The Weighted TNSS ranged from 0 to 16, with a higher score indicating more severe weighted total nasal symptoms. The baseline Weighted TNSS was assessed on Day 7 of a treatment period prior to entering the chamber room. The post-baseline TNSS was assessed on Day 7 of a treatment period during 3 hours of exposure to JC pollen in the chamber room, as an average of measurements at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes. Analysis was done by study drug as taken. (NCT01857063)
Timeframe: Baseline and after 3 hours of pollen exposure on Day 7 of each treatment period

Intervention	score on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Montelukast	1.85
Placebo	1.86

[back to top]

Percentage of Participants Who Experience at Least One Adverse Event

An adverse event is defined as any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function, or chemistry of the body temporally associated with the use of the study drug, whether or not considered related to the use of the product. Participants were monitored for occurrence adverse events for up to 14 days after last dose of study drug. Analysis was done by study drug as taken. (NCT01857063)
Timeframe: Up to 5 weeks

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Montelukast	10.2
Placebo	16.5

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Nasal Congestion Score at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 Minutes After Entering Chamber Room

The Nasal Congestion Score was assessed as 0 = No symptoms of nasal congestion to 4 = Completely obstructed all day. The possible Nasal Congestion Score ranged from 0 to 4, with a higher score indicating more severe nasal congestion.The Nasal Congestion Score was assessed on Day 7 prior to entering the chamber room and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes after entering the chamber room. Analysis was done by study drug as taken. (NCT01857063)
Timeframe: Baseline and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes after entering chamber room on Day 7 of a treatment period

Intervention	score on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
	30 minutes after entering chamber room	60 minutes after entering chamber room	90 minutes after entering chamber room	120 minutes after entering chamber room	150 minutes after entering chamber room	180 minutes after entering chamber room
Montelukast	0.32	0.55	0.74	0.80	0.83	0.83
Placebo	0.33	0.56	0.73	0.82	0.81	0.81

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Nasal Discharge Score at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 Minutes After Entering Chamber Room

The Nasal Discharge Score was assessed as 0 = 0 times participant blew his/her nose to 4 = 21 or more times participant blew his/her nose. The possible Nasal Discharge Score ranged from 0 to 4, with a higher score indicating more severe nasal discharge.The Nasal Discharge Score was assessed on Day 7 prior to entering the chamber room and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes after entering the chamber room. Analysis was done by study drug as taken. (NCT01857063)
Timeframe: Baseline and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes after entering chamber room on Day 7 of a treatment period

Intervention	score on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
	30 minutes after entering chamber room	60 minutes after entering chamber room	90 minutes after entering chamber room	120 minutes after entering chamber room	150 minutes after entering chamber room	180 minutes after entering chamber room
Montelukast	0.13	0.27	0.39	0.34	0.31	0.33
Placebo	0.17	0.33	0.38	0.36	0.32	0.37

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Sneezing Score at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 Minutes After Entering Chamber Room

The Sneezing Score was assessed as 0 = 0 times participant sneezed to 4 = 21 or more times participant sneezed. The possible Sneezing Score ranged from 0 to 4, with a higher score indicating more severe sneezing. The Sneezing Score was assessed on Day 7 prior to entering the chamber room and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes after entering the chamber room. Analysis was done by study drug as taken. (NCT01857063)
Timeframe: Baseline and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes after entering chamber room on Day 7 of a treatment period

Intervention	score on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
	30 minutes after entering chamber room	60 minutes after entering chamber room	90 minutes after entering chamber room	120 minutes after entering chamber room	150 minutes after entering chamber room	180 minutes after entering chamber room
Montelukast	0.09	0.18	0.23	0.25	0.24	0.23
Placebo	0.09	0.18	0.20	0.17	0.21	0.23

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in TNSS at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 Minutes After Entering Chamber Room

The TNSS is the sum of the three nasal symptom scores for nasal congestion, nasal discharge and sneezing. The possible TNSS ranged from 0 to 12, with a higher score indicting more severe total nasal symptoms. The baseline TNSS was assessed on Day 7 of a treatment period prior to entering the chamber room. The post-baseline TNSS was assessed on Day 7 of a treatment period at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes after entering the chamber room. Analysis was done by study drug as taken. (NCT01857063)
Timeframe: Baseline and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes after entering chamber room on Day 7 of a treatment period

Intervention	score on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
	30 minutes after entering chamber room	60 minutes after entering chamber room	90 minutes after entering chamber room	120 minutes after entering chamber room	150 minutes after entering chamber room	180 minutes after entering chamber room
Montelukast	0.54	1.00	1.36	1.38	1.38	1.39
Placebo	0.59	1.07	1.31	1.35	1.35	1.40

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Weighted TNSS at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 Minutes After Entering Chamber Room

TNSS was weighted as 2:1:1 for nasal congestion, nasal discharge and sneezing. The possible Weighted TNSS ranged from 0 to 16, with a higher score indicating more severe total nasal symptoms. The baseline TNSS was assessed on Day 7 of a treatment period prior to entering the chamber room. The post-baseline Weighted TNSS was assessed on Day 7 of a treatment period at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes after entering the chamber room. Analysis was done by study drug as taken. (NCT01857063)
Timeframe: Baseline and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes after entering chamber room on Day 7 of a treatment period

Intervention	score on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
	30 minutes after entering chamber room	60 minutes after entering chamber room	90 minutes after entering chamber room	120 minutes after entering chamber room	150 minutes after entering chamber room	180 minutes after entering chamber room
Montelukast	0.86	1.55	2.11	2.17	2.21	2.22
Placebo	0.91	1.63	2.04	2.17	2.16	2.21

[back to top]

Change in Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (sVCAM)

The primary outcome measure is based on a 30% reduction, which would be ~106 ng/ml reduction. The study was designed with 25 in each group in order to explore all three aims and potential confounders. However, if the investigators are not able to accrue 25 subjects in each arm, the investigators would still be able to detect a 30% difference in sVCAM with 17 subjects in each group. The 95% confidence interval for detecting a 30% difference is between 204 ng/ml and 290 ng/ml (or an 18-42% reduction in sVCAM). Importantly, the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (18%) is still a clinically relevant reduction in sVCAM. Thus, if the investigators detect a 30% or larger difference in sVCAM in this study, the investigators will be assured that, based on the 95% confidence interval, these data are clinically important. (NCT01960413)
Timeframe: baseline to eight weeks

Intervention	ng/mL (Median)
Montelukast Added to Hydroxyurea	-3.2
Placebo Added to Hydroxyurea	4.17

[back to top]

Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Methyl Hydroxymontelukast

(NCT02321748)
Timeframe: Blood samples were taken at pre-dose of Day 1 and 0.5, 1,1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48 and 72h after post doses in first or second intervention

Intervention	h*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Montelukast	150.19
ASP2151	188.62

[back to top]

Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Montelukast

(NCT02321748)
Timeframe: Blood samples were taken at pre-dose of Day 1 and 0.5, 1,1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48 and 72h after post doses in first or second intervention

Intervention	h*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Montelukast	2799.2
ASP2151	3418.5

[back to top]

Half-Life (t1/2) of ASP2151

(NCT02321748)
Timeframe: Blood samples were taken at pre-dose of Day 1 and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16 and 24h after post doses in first or second intervention

Intervention	h (Geometric Mean)
ASP2151	8.406

[back to top]

Half-Life (t1/2) of Methyl Hydroxymontelukast

(NCT02321748)
Timeframe: Blood samples were taken at pre-dose of Day 1 and 0.5, 1,1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48 and 72h after post doses in first or second intervention

Intervention	h (Geometric Mean)
Montelukast	4.87
ASP2151	4.83

[back to top]

Half-Life (t1/2) of Montelukast

(NCT02321748)
Timeframe: Blood samples were taken at pre-dose of Day 1 and 0.5, 1,1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48 and 72h after post doses in first or second intervention

Intervention	h (Geometric Mean)
Montelukast	4.87
ASP2151	5.37

[back to top]

Peak Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of ASP2151

(NCT02321748)
Timeframe: Blood samples were taken at pre-dose of Day 1 and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16 and 24h after post doses in first or second intervention

Intervention	ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
ASP2151	1679.7

[back to top]

Peak Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Methyl Hydroxymontelukast

(NCT02321748)
Timeframe: Blood samples were taken at pre-dose of Day 1 and 0.5, 1,1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48 and 72h after post doses in first or second intervention

Intervention	ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Montelukast	19.18
ASP2151	23.28

[back to top]

Peak Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Montelukast

(NCT02321748)
Timeframe: Blood samples were taken at pre-dose of Day 1 and 0.5, 1,1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48 and 72h after post doses in first or second intervention

Intervention	ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Montelukast	415.6
ASP2151	505.9

[back to top]

Time of Peak Concentration (Tmax) of ASP2151

(NCT02321748)
Timeframe: Blood samples were taken at pre-dose of Day 1 and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16 and 24h after post doses in first or second intervention

Intervention	h (Median)
ASP2151	3

[back to top]

Time of Peak Concentration (Tmax) of Methyl Hydroxymontelukast

(NCT02321748)
Timeframe: Blood samples were taken at pre-dose of Day 1 and 0.5, 1,1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48 and 72h after post doses in first or second intervention

Intervention	h (Median)
Montelukast	4.51
ASP2151	5

[back to top]

Time of Peak Concentration (Tmax) of Montelukast

(NCT02321748)
Timeframe: Blood samples were taken at pre-dose of Day 1 and 0.5, 1,1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48 and 72h after post doses in first or second intervention

Intervention	h (Median)
Montelukast	3
ASP2151	3

[back to top]

Number of Participants With Serious and Non-Serious Adverse Events

Refer to the result of adverse event. (NCT02321748)
Timeframe: Up to 32 days after the last dose

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Non-serious adverse event	serious adverse event
Montelukast Alone	7	0
Montelukast With ASP2151	2	0

[back to top]

Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vd/f) of Montelukast

(NCT02321748)
Timeframe: Blood samples were taken at pre-dose of Day 1 and 0.5, 1,1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48 and 72h after post doses in first or second intervention

Intervention	L (Mean)
Montelukast	26.72
ASP2151	23.76

[back to top]

Apparent Total Body Clearance (CL/f) of ASP2151

(NCT02321748)
Timeframe: Blood samples were taken at pre-dose of Day 1 and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16 and 24h after post doses in first or second intervention

Intervention	L/h (Mean)
ASP2151	19.95

[back to top]

Apparent Total Body Clearance (CL/f) of Montelukast

(NCT02321748)
Timeframe: Blood samples were taken at pre-dose of Day 1 and 0.5, 1,1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48 and 72h after post doses in first or second intervention

Intervention	L/h (Mean)
Montelukast	3.72
ASP2151	3.04

[back to top]

Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vd/f) of ASP2151

(NCT02321748)
Timeframe: Blood samples were taken at pre-dose of Day 1 and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16 and 24h after post doses in first or second intervention

Intervention	L (Mean)
ASP2151	246.9

[back to top]

Area Under the Curve (AUC) of ASP2151

(NCT02321748)
Timeframe: Blood samples were taken at pre-dose of Day 1 and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16 and 24h after post doses in first or second intervention

Intervention	h*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
ASP2151	20928.2

[back to top]

Efavirenz AUC0-inf (Single Dose) and AUC0-24(Multiple Dose)

After the samples collection, blood from phase 2 and phase 4 were used to perform the quantification of Efavirenz in plasma. The composite of the efavirenz concentration (blood collection between 0 to 120 hrs) were used to calculate the area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC0-inf for single dose and AUC0-24 for multiple dose) of efavirenz. (NCT02401256)
Timeframe: Single dose pharmacokinetics (PK) versus multiple doses (after 17 day pretreatment) PK (total 38 days for each subject)

Intervention	h*uM (Mean)
	Efavirenz AUC0-inf (Single Dose)	Efavirenz AUC0-24 (Multiple Dose)
CYP2B61/1	411.53	183.97
CYP2B61/6	620.36	254.40
CYP2B66/6	522.42	321.86

[back to top]

Average Change From Baseline in GSRS Overall Score at Day 1 to Day 10

The GSRS is a weekly recall scale that was modified for daily recall. The 15-question GSRS is summarized with a 7-point Likert scale: no discomfort at all=0; minor discomfort=1; mild discomfort=2; moderate discomfort=3; moderately severe discomfort=4; severe discomfort=5 and very severe discomfort=6. The overall GSRS score is a mean score that ranges from 0 (no symptoms) to 6 (the worst possible symptoms). This endpoint reports the average change from baseline (Day 0) at Day 1 to Day 10. Day 0: the day before a participant started randomized treatment (if the GI threshold was reached 1 day previously) or the first day of randomized treatment if the threshold was reached that day. If the threshold was reached >1 day previously, then Day 0 was the last day when the threshold was reached, prior to the first dose. A negative change from baseline indicates that symptoms decreased. (NCT02410278)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 0), Day 1 (1 day after Day 0), Day 10 (10 days after Day 0)

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Day 0	Change From Day 1 to Day 10
MITT-Montelukast	0.84	-0.23
MITT-Placebo	0.80	-0.28

[back to top]

Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued DMF Therapy Due to GI-Related Adverse Events (AEs) From Day 0 to Week 10

An AE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered a pharmaceutical product and that did not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment. An AE could therefore have been any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not related to the medicinal product. Participants used an electronic diary to record GI-related events. GI-related AEs included diarrhea, nausea, upper abdominal pain, abdominal pain, and dyspepsia. (NCT02410278)
Timeframe: Day 0 to Week 10

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
MITT-Placebo	7
MITT-Montelukast	9

[back to top]

Average Change From Baseline in GSRS Overall Score at Day 1 to Weeks 1 to 8

The GSRS is a weekly recall scale that was modified for daily recall. The 15-question GSRS is summarized with a 7-point Likert scale: no discomfort at all=0; minor discomfort=1; mild discomfort=2; moderate discomfort=3; moderately severe discomfort=4; severe discomfort=5 and very severe discomfort=6. The overall GSRS score is a mean score that ranges from 0 (no symptoms) to 6 (the worst possible symptoms). This endpoint reports the average change from baseline (Day 0) between Day 1 and the specified time point. Day 0: the day before a participant started randomized treatment (if the GI threshold was reached 1 day previously) or the first day of randomized treatment if the threshold was reached that day. If the threshold was reached >1 day previously, then Day 0 was the last day when the threshold was reached, prior to the first dose. A negative change from baseline indicates that symptoms decreased. (NCT02410278)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 0), Day 1 (1 Day after Day 0), Weeks 1 to 8 (1-8 weeks after Day 0)

Intervention	unit on scale (Mean)
	Day 0	Change from Day 1 to Week 1	Change from Day 1 to Week 2	Change from Day 1 to Week 3	Change from Day 1 to Week 4	Change from Day 1 to Week 5	Change from Day 1 to Week 6	Change from Day 1 to Week 7	Change from Day 1 to Week 8
MITT-Montelukast	0.84	-0.21	-0.25	-0.26	-0.26	-0.28	-0.29	-0.30	-0.31
MITT-Placebo	0.80	-0.30	-0.29	-0.31	-0.33	-0.35	-0.35	-0.36	-0.36

[back to top]

Percentage of Participants Who Experienced AEs Related to Flushing

An AE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered a pharmaceutical product and that did not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment. An AE could therefore have been any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not related to the medicinal product. Flushing-related AEs included flushing and hot flush. Only events with an onset date on or after the date of first DMF dose (up to 27 days before Day 0) are presented. This includes events present before and subsequently worsened after the first dose of DMF. (NCT02410278)
Timeframe: Day of first DMF dose (up to 27 days before Day 0) to Week 10

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
MITT-Placebo	23
MITT-Montelukast	36

[back to top]

Percentage of Participants Who Required GI Symptomatic Therapy During the Study

Symptomatic therapies were not permitted during the first 10 days after starting montelukast or placebo. From Day 10 onward, participants were allowed to use the following symptomatic therapies to treat DMF-related GI events: bismuth subsalicylate, simethicone, calcium carbonate, loperamide, proton-pump inhibitors and ondansetron. (NCT02410278)
Timeframe: Day 10 to Week 10

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
MITT-Placebo	33
MITT-Montelukast	33

[back to top]

Percentage of Participants With a Worsening in Severity of Gastrointestinal (GI) Adverse Events (AEs) on the GSRS From Day 0 to Day 10

The GSRS is a weekly recall scale that was modified for daily recall. The 15-question GSRS is summarized with a 7-point Likert scale: no discomfort at all=0; minor discomfort=1; mild discomfort=2; moderate discomfort=3; moderately severe discomfort=4; severe discomfort=5 and very severe discomfort=6. The overall GSRS score is a mean score that ranges from 0 (no symptoms) to 6 (the worst possible symptoms). Worsening in severity was defined as a positive average change from baseline (Day 0) to Day 10 in the GSRS score. Day 0: the day before a participant started randomized treatment (if the GI threshold was reached 1 day previously) or the first day of randomized treatment if the threshold was reached that day. If the threshold was reached >1 day previously, then Day 0 was the last day when the threshold was reached, prior to the first dose. Average change is the sum of changes from baseline in GSRS score over the first 10 days divided by the total of days with a GSRS score. (NCT02410278)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 0), Day 10 (10 days after Day 0)

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
MITT-Placebo	17
MITT-Montelukast	33

[back to top]

Time to First Worsening From Baseline in GSRS Overall Score at Day 1 to Day 10

The GSRS is a weekly recall scale that was modified for daily recall. The 15-question GSRS is summarized with a 7-point Likert scale: no discomfort at all=0; minor discomfort=1; mild discomfort=2; moderate discomfort=3; moderately severe discomfort=4; severe discomfort=5 and very severe discomfort=6. The overall GSRS score is a mean score that ranges from 0 (no symptoms) to 6 (the worst possible symptoms). Day 0: the day before a participant started randomized treatment (if the GI threshold was reached 1 day previously) or the first day of randomized treatment if the threshold was reached that day. If the threshold was reached >1 day previously, then Day 0 was the last day when the threshold was reached, prior to the first dose.. Time to the first worsening was defined as the number of days from Day 1 to the first date with a worsened GSRS score. Censoring occurred at Day 10. (NCT02410278)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 0), Day 1 (1 day after Day 0) to Day 10 (10 days after Day 0)

Intervention	days (Median)
MITT-Placebo	10
MITT-Montelukast	7

[back to top]

Time to Recovery to Baseline GSRS Score From Last Occurrence of Worst GSRS Score at Day 1 to Week 8

The GSRS is a weekly recall scale that was modified for daily recall. The 15-question GSRS is summarized with a 7-point Likert scale: no discomfort at all=0; minor discomfort=1; mild discomfort=2; moderate discomfort=3; moderately severe discomfort=4; severe discomfort=5 and very severe discomfort=6. The overall GSRS score is a mean score that ranges from 0 (no symptoms) to 6 (the worst possible symptoms). Recovery was defined as a GSRS score less than or equal to the Day 0 score. Day 0: the day before a participant started randomized treatment (if the GI threshold was reached 1 day previously) or the first day of randomized treatment if the threshold was reached that day. If the threshold was reached >1 day previously, then Day 0 was the last day when the threshold was reached, prior to the first dose. Time to recovery was defined as the date of recovery minus the date of the last occurrence of the worst score. (NCT02410278)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 0), Day 1 (1 Day after Day 0) to Week 8 (8 weeks after Day 0)

Intervention	days (Median)
MITT-Placebo	1
MITT-Montelukast	1

[back to top]

Average Change From Baseline in GSRS Overall Score at Day 0 to 72 Hours From the Initiation of Randomized Study Treatment

The GSRS is a weekly recall scale that was modified for daily recall. The 15-question GSRS is summarized with a 7-point Likert scale: no discomfort at all=0; minor discomfort=1; mild discomfort=2; moderate discomfort=3; moderately severe discomfort=4; severe discomfort=5 and very severe discomfort=6. The overall GSRS score is a mean score that ranges from 0 (no symptoms) to 6 (the worst possible symptoms). This endpoint reports the average change from baseline (Day 0) at Day 1 to Day 3. Day 0: the day before a participant started randomized treatment (if the GI threshold was reached 1 day previously) or the first day of randomized treatment if the threshold was reached that day. If the threshold was reached >1 day previously, then Day 0 is the last day when the threshold was reached, prior to the first dose. A negative change from baseline indicates that symptoms decreased. (NCT02410278)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 0), Day 3 (72 hours after Day 0)

Intervention	units on scale (Mean)
	Day 0	Change from Day 0 to Day 3
MITT-Montelukast	0.84	-0.18
MITT-Placebo	0.80	-0.28

[back to top]

Average Change From Baseline in GSRS Overall Score at Day 1 to Week 10

The GSRS is a weekly recall scale that was modified for daily recall. The 15-question GSRS is summarized with a 7-point Likert scale: no discomfort at all=0; minor discomfort=1; mild discomfort=2; moderate discomfort=3; moderately severe discomfort=4; severe discomfort=5 and very severe discomfort=6. The overall GSRS score is a mean score that ranges from 0 (no symptoms) to 6 (the worst possible symptoms). This endpoint reports the average change from baseline (Day 0) between Day 1 and Week 10. Day 0: the day before a participant started randomized treatment (if the GI threshold was reached 1 day previously) or the first day of randomized treatment if the threshold was reached that day. If the threshold was reached >1 day previously, then Day 0 was the last day when the threshold was reached, prior to the first dose. A negative change from baseline indicates that symptoms decreased. (NCT02410278)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 0), Day 1 (1 day after Day 0), Week 10 (10 weeks after Day 0)

Intervention	units on scale (Mean)
	Day 0	Change From Day 1 to Week 10
MITT-Montelukast	0.84	-0.31
MITT-Placebo	0.80	-0.37

[back to top]

Change From Baseline (Expressed as a Ratio) in 0-24 Hour Weighted Mean Serum Cortisol at the End of the Six Week Treatment Period (Day 42) in SC Population

The blood samples for statistical analysis of serum cortisol (SC) endpoints were collected on D0 and D42 at indicated time points. The weighted mean was calculated by dividing the area under curve (AUC) over the 24-hr time period by time period. Change from Baseline in 0-24 hr weighted mean SC was calculated as a ratio from baseline defined as SC weighted mean (0-24 hrs) at Wk 6 divided by the baseline SC weighted mean (0-24 hrs). The ratio as treatment ratios, using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model, allowing for the effects of baseline (loge transformed from baseline was loge transformed prior to analysis. The loge transformed ratios were compared between treatment groups), age, sex and region. Treatment ratios for comparison was calculated by back-transforming the difference between Least square (LS) means. Using the pooled estimate of variance, 95% CIs) was calculated for the difference. (NCT02483975)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 0 (Predose, 2hr, 4hr, 8hr, 12hr, 16hr and 24hr) and Day 42 (0hr, 2hr, 4hr, 8hr, 16hr and 24hr)

Intervention	Ratio (Geometric Mean)
Fluticasone Furoate 50 mcg	1.02
Placebo	1.00

[back to top]

Change From Baseline (Expressed as a Ratio) in 0-24 Hour Weighted Mean Serum Cortisol at the End of the Six Week Treatment Period (D 42) in Intention-to-treat (ITT) Population

The blood samples for statistical analysis of serum cortisol (SC) endpoints were collected on D 0 and D 42 at the indicated time points. The weighted mean was calculated by dividing the area under the curve (AUC) over the 24-hour (hr) time period by the time period. Change from Baseline in 0-24 hr weighted mean SC was calculated as a ratio from Baseline defined as the SC weighted mean (0-24 hours) at Week 6 divided by the Baseline SC weighted mean (0-24 hours).The ratio from Baseline was loge transformed prior to analysis. The loge transformed ratios were compared between treatment groups as treatment ratios, using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model, allowing for the effects of Baseline (loge transformed), age, sex and region. Treatment ratios for comparison was calculated by back-transforming the difference between the Least square (LS) means. Using the pooled estimate of variance, 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) was calculated for the difference. (NCT02483975)
Timeframe: Baseline, D 0 (Pre-dose, 2hr, 4hr, 8hr, 12hr, 16hr and 24hr) and Day 42 (0hr, 2hr, 4hr, 8hr, 16hr and 24hr)

Intervention	Ratio (Geometric Mean)
Fluticasone Furoate 50 mcg	1.02
Placebo	1.01

[back to top]

Change From Baseline (Expressed as a Ratio) in 24-hour 6-beta Hydroxycortisol Excretion at the End of the Six Week Treatment Period (Day 42).

The 24 hr urinary 6-beta hydroxycortisol excretion was collected over a 24 hour period on Day 0 and Day 42. Change from baseline in 24- hr urinary 6-beta hydroxycortisol excretion was calculated as a ratio from baseline defined as 24-hr urinary 6-beta hydroxycortisol excretion at Week 6 divided by the baseline 24-hr urinary 6-beta hydroxycortisol excretion. The ratio from baseline was loge transformed prior to analysis. The loge transformed ratio was compared between treatment groups using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model, allowing for the effects of baseline (loge transformed), age, sex and region. Treatment ratios for comparison was calculated by back-transforming the difference between the Least square (LS) means. Using the pooled estimate of variance, 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) was calculated for the difference. Participants with 24-hr urinary cortisol excretion at baseline and Week 6 were analyzed. (NCT02483975)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 0) Day 42

Intervention	Ratio (Geometric Mean)
Fluticasone Furoate 50 mcg	0.78
Placebo	0.90

[back to top]

Change From Baseline (Expressed as a Ratio) in 24-hour Urinary Cortisol Excretion at the End of the Six Week Treatment Period (Day 42)

The 24 hr urinary cortisol excretion was collected over a 24 hour period on Day 0 and Day 42. Change from baseline in 24- hr urinary cortisol excretion was calculated as a ratio from baseline defined as 24-hr urinary cortisol excretion at Week 6 divided by the baseline 24-hr urinary cortisol excretion. The ratio from baseline was loge transformed prior to analysis. The loge transformed ratio was compared between treatment groups using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model, allowing for the effects of baseline (loge transformed), age, sex and region. Treatment ratios for comparison was calculated by back-transforming the difference between the Least square (LS) means. Using the pooled estimate of variance, 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) was calculated for the difference. Participants with 24-hr urinary cortisol excretion at baseline and Week 6 were analyzed. (NCT02483975)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 0) Day 42

Intervention	Ratio (Geometric Mean)
Fluticasone Furoate 50 mcg	0.69
Placebo	1.05

[back to top]

Change From Baseline (Expressed as a Ratio) in Area Under the Curve (AUC) 0-24 Hour Serum Cortisol at the End of the Six Week Treatment Period (Day 42).

The blood samples for statistical analysis of area under the curve over the 24 hours (AUC 0-24 hours) endpoints were collected on Day 0 and Day 42 at the indicated time points. The AUC 0-24 hours was calculated using trapezoidal rule. Change from baseline in AUC 0-24 hour was calculated as a ratio from baseline defined as the AUC (0-24 hours) at Week 6 divided by the baseline AUC (0-24 hours) The ratio from baseline was loge transformed prior to analysis. The loge transformed ratios were compared between treatment groups as treatment ratios using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model, allowing for the effects of baseline (loge transformed), age, sex and region. Treatment ratios for comparison was calculated by back-transforming the difference between the Least square (LS) means. Using the pooled estimate of variance, 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) was calculated for the difference. Par. with SC weighted mean (0-24hr) calculated at baseline and Week 6 were analyzed (NCT02483975)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week Baseline, Day 0 (Predose, 2hr, 4hr, 8hr, 12hr, 16hr and 24hr) and Day 42 (0hr, 2hr, 4hr, 8hr, 16hr and 24hr)

Intervention	Ratio (Geometric Mean)
Fluticasone Furoate 50 mcg	1.02
Placebo	1.00

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Eosinophil (Percent [%]) at Week 6

Baseline was defined at Week 0. If Week 0 measurement is not available, the last non-missing value before treatment was used as Baseline. (NCT02720081)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 6

Intervention	Percent of White Blood Cells (Mean)
	Baseline	Change at Week 6
MK-1029 150 mg + Montelukast 10 mg	4.40	0.11
MK-1029 Placebo + Montelukast 10 mg	3.58	0.51

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Hematocrit (%) at Week 6

Baseline was defined at Week 0. If Week 0 measurement is not available, the last non-missing value before treatment was used as Baseline. (NCT02720081)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 6

Intervention	Percent (Mean)
	Baseline	Change at Week 6
MK-1029 150 mg + Montelukast 10 mg	42.79	-0.10
MK-1029 Placebo + Montelukast 10 mg	42.64	-0.33

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Diastolic Blood Pressure at Week 6

Baseline was defined at Week 0. If Week 0 measurement was not available, the last non-missing value before treatment was used as Baseline. (NCT02720081)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 6

Intervention	mmHg (Mean)
	Baseline	Change at Week 6
MK-1029 150 mg + Montelukast 10 mg	74.60	-1.18
MK-1029 Placebo + Montelukast 10 mg	74.29	-0.95

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Diastolic Blood Pressure at Week 4

Baseline was defined at Week 0. If Week 0 measurement was not available, the last non-missing value before treatment was used as Baseline. (NCT02720081)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4

Intervention	mmHg (Mean)
	Baseline	Change at Week 4
MK-1029 150 mg + Montelukast 10 mg	74.60	-1.56
MK-1029 Placebo + Montelukast 10 mg	74.42	-1.60

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Diastolic Blood Pressure at Week 2

Baseline was defined at Week 0. If Week 0 measurement was not available, the last non-missing value before treatment was used as Baseline. (NCT02720081)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2

Intervention	mmHg (Mean)
	Baseline	Change at Week 2
MK-1029 150 mg + Montelukast 10 mg	74.40	-1.31
MK-1029 Placebo + Montelukast 10 mg	74.45	-0.97

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Heart Rate at Week 4

Baseline was defined at Week 0. If Week 0 measurement was not available, the last non-missing value before treatment was used as Baseline. (NCT02720081)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4

Intervention	beats/min (Mean)
	Baseline	Change at Week 4
MK-1029 150 mg + Montelukast 10 mg	73.25	-1.82
MK-1029 Placebo + Montelukast 10 mg	73.96	1.40

[back to top]

Percentage of Days With Worsening Asthma Average Over Weeks 3 to 6

"A day with worsening asthma was defined as any day during which any of the following occurred: a decrease from baseline in morning (AM) peak expiratory flow (PEF) of more than 20%; AM PEF less than 180 liters/minute (L/min); an increase in β-agonist use of more than 70% (and a minimum increase of at least 2 puffs); an increase from baseline in daytime asthma symptom score of more than 50%; overnight asthma symptom of: Awake all night; an asthma attack, as defined by any day when one or more of the following events due to asthma has occurred: corticosteroid use (systemic); unscheduled visit to the doctor or urgent care clinic; unscheduled visit to the emergency department; and/or hospitalization. Participants needed at least 80% of days with a complete diary during Weeks 3 to 6. A diary is considered complete if none of the above 6 components used to determine asthma worsening are missing." (NCT02720081)
Timeframe: Up to 4 weeks

Intervention	Percentage of days (Least Squares Mean)
MK-1029 150 mg + Montelukast 10 mg	16.970
MK-1029 Placebo + Montelukast 10 mg	21.746

[back to top]

Baseline Pre-dose Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1)

FEV1 is the amount of air, measured in liters, forcibly exhaled in 1 second. (NCT02720081)
Timeframe: Before the first dose of study investigational product (Baseline)

Intervention	Liter (Mean)
MK-1029 150 mg + Montelukast 10 mg	2.264
MK-1029 Placebo + Montelukast 10 mg	2.234

[back to top]

Average Change From Baseline in Pre-dose FEV1 at Week 4 and Week 6

FEV1 is the amount of air, measured in liters, forcibly exhaled in 1 second. Pulmonary function tests were to be performed by participants in the morning before dosing. Data presented represents the average change from baseline at Week 4 and Week 6. (NCT02720081)
Timeframe: Before the first dose (Baseline) and at the end of Weeks 4 and 6 of treatment

Intervention	Liter (Least Squares Mean)
MK-1029 150 mg + Montelukast 10 mg	0.152
MK-1029 Placebo + Montelukast 10 mg	0.046

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) at Week 6

Baseline was defined at Week 0. If Week 0 measurement is not available, the last non-missing value before treatment was used as Baseline. (NCT02720081)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 6

Intervention	IU/L (Mean)
	Baseline	Change at Week 6
MK-1029 150 mg + Montelukast 10 mg	22.33	-0.99
MK-1029 Placebo + Montelukast 10 mg	19.35	0.34

[back to top]

Percentage of Participants Who Experienced an Adverse Event (AE)

An adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a patient or clinical investigation participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. (NCT02720081)
Timeframe: Up to 8 weeks

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
MK-1029 150 mg + Montelukast 10 mg	25.7
MK-1029 Placebo + Montelukast 10 mg	26.1

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Neutrophil (%) at Week 6

Baseline was defined at Week 0. If Week 0 measurement is not available, the last non-missing value before treatment was used as Baseline. (NCT02720081)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 6

Intervention	Percent of White Blood Cells (Mean)
	Baseline	Change at Week 6
MK-1029 150 mg + Montelukast 10 mg	59.13	-1.32
MK-1029 Placebo + Montelukast 10 mg	57.86	0.12

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Heart Rate at Week 6

Baseline was defined at Week 0. If Week 0 measurement was not available, the last non-missing value before treatment was used as Baseline. (NCT02720081)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 6

Intervention	beats/min (Mean)
	Baseline	Change at Week 6
MK-1029 150 mg + Montelukast 10 mg	73.25	-0.84
MK-1029 Placebo + Montelukast 10 mg	73.80	1.06

[back to top]

Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Study Drug Due to an AE

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
MK-1029 150 mg + Montelukast 10 mg	0.0
MK-1029 Placebo + Montelukast 10 mg	4.3

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Heart Rate at Week 2

Baseline was defined at Week 0. If Week 0 measurement was not available, the last non-missing value before treatment was used as Baseline. (NCT02720081)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2

Intervention	beats/min (Mean)
	Baseline	Change at Week 2
MK-1029 150 mg + Montelukast 10 mg	73.21	-0.60
MK-1029 Placebo + Montelukast 10 mg	74.20	0.45

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Bilirubin at Week 6

Baseline was defined at Week 0. If Week 0 measurement is not available, the last non-missing value before treatment was used as Baseline. (NCT02720081)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 6

Intervention	mg/dL (Mean)
	Baseline	Change at Week 6
MK-1029 150 mg + Montelukast 10 mg	0.62	-0.00
MK-1029 Placebo + Montelukast 10 mg	0.54	-0.01

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) at Week 6

Baseline was defined at Week 0. If Week 0 measurement is not available, the last non-missing value before treatment was used as Baseline. (NCT02720081)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 6

Intervention	IU/L (Mean)
	Baseline	Change at Week 6
MK-1029 150 mg + Montelukast 10 mg	23.53	-0.09
MK-1029 Placebo + Montelukast 10 mg	20.64	0.76

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) at Week 6

Baseline was defined at Week 0. If Week 0 measurement is not available, the last non-missing value before treatment was used as Baseline. (NCT02720081)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 6

Intervention	IU/L (Mean)
	Baseline	Change at Week 6
MK-1029 150 mg + Montelukast 10 mg	61.16	-0.83
MK-1029 Placebo + Montelukast 10 mg	67.96	0.44

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Platelet Count at Week 6

Baseline was defined at Week 0. If Week 0 measurement is not available, the last non-missing value before treatment was used as Baseline. (NCT02720081)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 6

Intervention	10^9 cells/L (Mean)
	Baseline	Change at Week 6
MK-1029 150 mg + Montelukast 10 mg	256.85	-4.97
MK-1029 Placebo + Montelukast 10 mg	258.44	2.65

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Respiratory Rate at Week 2

Baseline was defined at Week 0. If Week 0 measurement was not available, the last non-missing value before treatment was used as Baseline. (NCT02720081)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2

Intervention	breaths/min (Mean)
	Baseline	Change at Week 2
MK-1029 150 mg + Montelukast 10 mg	16.40	-0.30
MK-1029 Placebo + Montelukast 10 mg	17.23	-1.17

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Respiratory Rate at Week 4

Baseline was defined at Week 0. If Week 0 measurement was not available, the last non-missing value before treatment was used as Baseline. (NCT02720081)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4

Intervention	breaths/min (Mean)
	Baseline	Change at Week 4
MK-1029 150 mg + Montelukast 10 mg	16.43	-0.12
MK-1029 Placebo + Montelukast 10 mg	17.18	-0.97

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Respiratory Rate at Week 6

Baseline was defined at Week 0. If Week 0 measurement was not available, the last non-missing value before treatment was used as Baseline. (NCT02720081)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 6

Intervention	breaths/min (Mean)
	Baseline	Change at Week 6
MK-1029 150 mg + Montelukast 10 mg	16.43	-0.09
MK-1029 Placebo + Montelukast 10 mg	17.20	-1.17

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure at Week 2

Baseline was defined at Week 0. If Week 0 measurement was not available, the last non-missing value before treatment was used as Baseline. (NCT02720081)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2

Intervention	mmHg (Mean)
	Baseline	Change at Week 2
MK-1029 150 mg + Montelukast 10 mg	118.89	-1.61
MK-1029 Placebo + Montelukast 10 mg	118.83	-1.23

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure at Week 4

Baseline was defined at Week 0. If Week 0 measurement was not available, the last non-missing value before treatment was used as Baseline. (NCT02720081)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4

Intervention	mmHg (Mean)
	Baseline	Change at Week 4
MK-1029 150 mg + Montelukast 10 mg	119.40	-2.13
MK-1029 Placebo + Montelukast 10 mg	118.82	-1.99

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure at Week 6

Baseline was defined at Week 0. If Week 0 measurement was not available, the last non-missing value before treatment was used as Baseline. (NCT02720081)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 6

Intervention	mmHg (Mean)
	Baseline	Change at Week 6
MK-1029 150 mg + Montelukast 10 mg	119.40	-0.34
MK-1029 Placebo + Montelukast 10 mg	118.77	-2.26

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in White Blood Cell Count at Week 6

Baseline was defined at Week 0. If Week 0 measurement is not available, the last non-missing value before treatment was used as Baseline. (NCT02720081)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 6

Intervention	10^9 cells/L (Mean)
	Baseline	Change at Week 6
MK-1029 150 mg + Montelukast 10 mg	6.76	-0.08
MK-1029 Placebo + Montelukast 10 mg	6.53	0.09

[back to top]

Change From Baseline With Montelukast+Bilastine Compared With Bilastine Monotherapy in SARC Symptoms

"To demonstrate that concomitant administration of montelukast and bilastine is superior to bilastine monotherapy in SARC symptoms, as assessed by Total Symptoms Scores (TSS) after 4 weeks of treatment.~Total Symptoms Scores (TSS) assesses nasal (nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, nasal itching, sneezing) and non nasal symptoms (ocular redness, ocular itching, tearing) of rhinoconjuctivits.~Each of the 7 symptoms is scored from 0 (absent) to 3 (severe) as follows:~0 (absent) Symptom not present~1 (mild) Symptom is clearly present but easily tolerated, a nuisance, minimal awareness~2 (moderate) Symptom is bothersome but tolerable, does not interfere with daily activities or sleep~3 (severe) Symptom is hard to tolerate and interferes with daily activities or sleep.~TSS assessment comprises of scoring (0-3) of all 7 above mentioned symptoms. Final TSS scores is in a range from 0-21." (NCT02761252)
Timeframe: 4 weeks of treatment (from baseline to 4 weeks of treatment)

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Bilastine+Montelukast	-3.2522
Bilastine Monotherapy	-3.4462

[back to top]

Change From Baseline With Montelukast+Bilastine Compared With Montelukast and Bilastine Monotherapies in Asthma Control

"To evaluate the efficacy of concomitant montelukast and bilastine compared with montelukast and bilastine monotherapies in asthma control, as assessed by Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) after 4 weeks.~The AQLQ was developed to measure the functional problems (physical, emotional, social and occupational) that are most troublesome to adults (17-70 years) with asthma.~Each of the 32 questionnaire's items will be scored on a 7-point scale (where 7 means not impaired at all and 1 means severely impaired). The overall AQLQ score is the mean of all 32 responses (https://www.qoltech.co.uk/aqlq.html).~The change in AQLQ score from baseline to 4 weeks after treatment - AQLQ score at baseline for patients with both available values has been the secondary endpoint." (NCT02761252)
Timeframe: After 4 weeks of treatments

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Bilastine+Montelukast	0.6250
Bilastine Monotherapy	0.6399
Montelukast Monotherapy	0.5849

[back to top]

Change From Baseline With Montelukast+Bilastine Compared With Montelukast and Bilastine Monotherapies in SARC Symptoms (DNSS)

"To evaluate the efficacy of concomitant montelukast and bilastine compared with montelukast and bilastine monotherapies in daytime symptoms of SARC, as assessed by Daytime Nasal Symptom Score (DNSS) after 4 weeks of treatment.~Daytime Nasal Symptom Score (DNSS) is the average of individual scores of nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, nasal itching, sneezing of rhinoconjuctivits.~Each of the 4 symptoms is scored from 0 (absent) to 3 (severe) as follows:~0 (absent) Symptom not present~1 (mild) Symptom is clearly present but easily tolerated, a nuisance, minimal awareness~2 (moderate) Symptom is bothersome but tolerable, does not interfere with daily activities or sleep~3 (severe) Symptom is hard to tolerate and interferes with daily activities or sleep.~DNSS assessment comprises of scoring (0-3) of all 4 above mentioned symptoms. Final DNSS scores is in a range from 0-12." (NCT02761252)
Timeframe: After 4 weeks of treatment (from baseline)

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Bilastine+Montelukast	-1.9713
Bilastine Monotherapy	-2.1106
Montelukast Monotherapy	-1.8678

[back to top]

Usage of Relief Medication for Asthma

Number of days without any relief medication for Asthma. (NCT02761252)
Timeframe: From baseline to 4 weeks of treatment

Intervention	Days (Least Squares Mean)
Bilastine+Montelukast	53.2548
Bilastine Monotherapy	52.4177
Montelukast Monotherapy	50.7146

[back to top]

Usage of Relief Medication for SARC

Number of days without any relief medication for SARC (NCT02761252)
Timeframe: From baseline to 4 weeks of treatment

Intervention	Days (Least Squares Mean)
Bilastine+Montelukast	15.0057
Bilastine Monotherapy	15.8416
Montelukast Monotherapy	15.4179

[back to top]

Change From Baseline With Montelukast + Bilastine Compared With Montelukast and Bilastine Monotherapies in SARC Symptoms (DNNSS)

"To evaluate the efficacy of concomitant montelukast and bilastine compared with montelukast and bilastine monotherapies in daytime symptoms of SARC, as assessed by Daytime Non Nasal Symptom Score (DNNSS) after 4 weeks of treatment.~Daytime Non Nasal Symptom Score (DNSS) is the average of individual scores of ocular redness, ocular itching and tearing of rhinoconjuctivits.~Each of the 3 symptoms is scored from 0 (absent) to 3 (severe) as follows:~0 (absent) Symptom not present~1 (mild) Symptom is clearly present but easily tolerated, a nuisance, minimal awareness~2 (moderate) Symptom is bothersome but tolerable, does not interfere with daily activities or sleep~3 (severe) Symptom is hard to tolerate and interferes with daily activities or sleep.~DNNSS assessment comprises of scoring (0-3) of all 3 above mentioned symptoms. Final DNNSS scores is in a range from 0-9." (NCT02761252)
Timeframe: After 4 weeks of treatment (from baseline)

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Bilastine+Montelukast	-1.2824
Bilastine Monotherapy	-1.3185
Montelukast Monotherapy	-1.1574

[back to top]

Number of Participants With On-treatment Asthma Exacerbations Over Double-blind Treatment Period

An exacerbation is defined as deterioration of asthma requiring the use of systemic corticosteroids (tablets, suspension, or injection) for at least 3 days or a single depot corticosteroid injection, or an in-patient hospitalization or emergency department (ED) visit due to asthma that required systemic corticosteroids. Number of participants with on-treatment asthma exacerbations during double-blind treatment period is presented. (NCT02889809)
Timeframe: Up to 52 weeks

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Placebo	22
FF 50 mcg	7

[back to top]

Growth Velocity Over the First 12 Weeks of Double-blind Treatment Period

Growth velocity was calculated for each participant over double blind period by fitting regression line to height measurements recorded for that participant during period.Slope of this regression line was participant's growth velocity for double-blind treatment period.In order to be included in this analysis,participant must have data from Visit8(Wk 12) stadiometric height assessment.Baseline was included as covariate which was calculated based on stadiometric height measurements recorded at Visits 1(wk -16),3(wk-8),& 5(wk0),data from at least two of these visits were used to fit simple linear regression line against time&slope of fitted regression line was participant's Baseline growth velocity.All available height data collected during double-blind treatment period upto Visit8(Wk12) while participant was on randomized double-blind treatment was considered.ANCOVA model was used to estimate mean treatment difference in growth velocity over 1st 12weeks of double-blind treatment period. (NCT02889809)
Timeframe: Up to 12 weeks (Visit 8) of double-blind treatment period

Intervention	Centimeter per year (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	6.222
FF 50 mcg	6.281

[back to top]

Percentage of Participants Below the Third Percentile of Growth Velocity During Double-blind Treatment Period

Three reproducible height measurements were taken using stadiometer at each visit&were recorded to nearest 1/10th of a centimeter.Each set of triplicate measurements was averaged to derive one estimated height per participant per visit.Growth velocity(GV)was calculated for each participant over double-blind treatment(up to 52 weeks)period by fitting regression line to height measurements recorded for that participant during period.Each participant's double-blind(DB) treatment period GV was calculated based on all on &off treatment height data &was programmatically compared to data values from Standards from Birth to Maturity for Height,Weight,Height Velocity, established in British Children(1965)&further updated for North American children(1985)using 3rd percentile value of age closest to participant's age at end of endpoint(i.e.either end of participant's DB treatment period [Visit18 Wk 52]/withdrawal from study[Early Withdrawal Visit]).Percentage values presented is rounded off. (NCT02889809)
Timeframe: Up to 52 weeks

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
Placebo	9
FF 50 mcg	7

[back to top]

Number of Participants With Non-serious Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical investigation participant, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. A SAE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose which results in death, is life-threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect, other situations as per investigator's judgement. (NCT02889809)
Timeframe: Up to 76 weeks

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Any SAEs	Any Non-serious AEs
FF 50 mcg	6	99
Placebo	8	105

[back to top]

Percentage of Participants With Change in Growth Velocity Quartiles From Baseline to Endpoint

Growth velocity(GV) quartile(defined as 1st quartile(1Q)=1st-25th percentile,2Q=26th-50th percentile,3Q=51st-75th percentile,4Q=76th-100th percentile) was determined at Baseline&endpoint.Endpoint was defined as slope of simple linear regression of average stadiometric height recorded at week 28& upto wk52.Baseline growth velocity was calculated as slope from simple linear regression of average stadiometric height recorded at wk-16,-8&0.Baseline GV was programmatically compared to reference for standard height data using participant's estimated age at wk0& age in reference data closest to actual age of participant to determine Baseline GV quartile.Endpoint GV was programmatically compared to reference data using participant's age at endpoint & age in reference data that was closest to actual age of participant to determine endpoint GV quartile. Any increase/decrease indicates any increase/decrease in quartiles with reference to Baseline. Percentage values presented is rounded off. (NCT02889809)
Timeframe: Baseline and Endpoint (Week 28[Visit 12] up to and including Week 52 [Visit 18])

Intervention	Percentage of Participants (Number)
	Any increase	Any decrease
FF 50 mcg	32	38
Placebo	33	34

[back to top]

Change in Height Standard Deviation Scores (SDS) From Baseline to Endpoint

Each participant's SDS for each of three required stadiometric height measurements was calculated as:(observed height measurement-standard median height for age at Visit [week-16]) divided by (/) ([standard 95th height percentile for age at visit-standard 5th height percentile for age at visit]/[2*1.645]).Standard median, 95th percentile, & 5th percentile values were obtained from standard tables (Guidance for Industry Orally Inhaled & Intranasal Corticosteroid). SDS for each height stadiometric measurement at each visit was calculated using percentiles from standard tables & averaged for each participant before being summarized by treatment group. A reduction in SDS over time indicates growth deceleration & an increase in SDS over time means growth acceleration.Baseline was defined as height SD score at Visit 5 (week 0). Endpoint was defined as height SD score at Visit 18 (week52) (on- & off-treatment data). Change from Baseline was calculated as Endpoint value minus Baseline value. (NCT02889809)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0 [Visit 5]) and up to Endpoint (Week 52 [Visit 18])

Intervention	Standard Deviation Score (Mean)
Placebo	-0.02
FF 50 mcg	-0.04

[back to top]

Growth Velocity (Centimeter Per Year) Over the Double-blind Treatment Period, as Determined by Stadiometry

Three reproducible height measurements were taken using a stadiometer at each visit and were recorded to nearest 1/10th of centimeter. Each set of triplicate measurements was averaged to derive one estimated height per participant per visit. Growth velocity was calculated for each participant over double-blind treatment period (up to 52 weeks [wk]) by fitting a regression line to averaged height measurements at each visit for that participant during period. Slope of this regression line was participant's growth velocity for double-blind treatment period. Treatment policy estimand was assessed, including all on- and post-treatment data. Baseline was included as covariate which was calculated based on stadiometric height measurements recorded at Visits 1(wk -16), 3(wk-8), and 5(wk0), data from at least two of these visits were used to fit a simple linear regression line against time and the slope of the fitted regression line was the participant's Baseline growth velocity. (NCT02889809)
Timeframe: Up to 52 weeks

Intervention	Centimeter per year (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo	6.065
FF 50 mcg	5.905

[back to top]

Number of Participants With Anti-Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-Antibody Reduction

Number of participants with anti-HLA-antibody (Baseline MFI >=3000) reduced to <2000 as measured using a SAB assay per central laboratory assessment was reported in this outcome measure. Participants were categorized in various categories of number of antibodies which were reduced as: none, 1-5, >5-10, >10-15, and >15. If multiple visits had the same number of total anti-HLA antibody reduction, the last visit data was summarized. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until end of follow-up period (maximum duration: up to 39.1 weeks)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	None	1-5 antibodies	>5-10 antibodies	>10-15 antibodies	>15 antibodies
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%	2	4	4	1	1
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%	2	4	4	0	1

[back to top]

Number of Participants With Hematological Abnormalities

Abnormal hematological parameters assessed were anemia, platelet count decreased, neutrophil count decreased, lymphocyte count decreased and monocytes. The hematological abnormality grades were based on National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE) Version 5.0, where Grade 1 = Mild; Grade 2 = Moderate; Grade 3 = Severe; Grade 4 = Potentially Life Threatening. Grade refers to the severity of the AEs. Monocytes were assessed as per potentially clinically significant abnormality (PCSA) criteria defined as: greater than (>) 0.7*10^9/L. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until study cut-off date (maximum duration: up to 97.7 weeks)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Anemia: Grade 1	Anemia: Grade 2	Anemia: Grade 3	Anemia: Grade 4	Platelet count decreased: Grade 1	Platelet count decreased: Grade 2	Platelet count decreased: Grade 3	Platelet count decreased: Grade 4	Neutrophil count decreased: Grade 1	Neutrophil count decreased: Grade 2	Neutrophil count decreased: Grade 3	Neutrophil count decreased: Grade 4	Lymphocyte count decreased: Grade 1	Lymphocyte count decreased: Grade 2	Lymphocyte count decreased: Grade 3	Lymphocyte count decreased: Grade 4	Monocytes (PCSA) > 0.7*10^9/L
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%	6	3	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	1	1	0	3
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%	8	2	0	0	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	1	0	0	3

[back to top]

Number of Participants With Liver Function Abnormalities

Abnormal liver function parameters assessed were Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increased, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased, and Total bilirubin (TB) increased. The abnormal grades were based on NCI-CTCAE, Version 5.0, where Grade 1 = Mild; Grade 2 = Moderate; Grade 3 = Severe; Grade 4 = Potentially Life Threatening. Grade refers to the severity of the AEs. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until study cut-off date (maximum duration: up to 97.7 weeks)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	ALT increased: Grade 1	ALT increased: Grade 2	ALT increased: Grade 3	ALT increased: Grade 4	AST increased: Grade 1	AST increased: Grade 2	AST increased: Grade 3	AST increased: Grade 4	ALP increased: Grade 1	ALP increased: Grade 2	ALP increased: Grade 3	ALP increased: Grade 4	TB increased: Grade 1	TB increased: Grade 2	TB increased: Grade 3	TB increased: Grade 4
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

[back to top]

Number of Participants With Renal Function Abnormalities

Abnormal renal parameters assessed were creatinine increased and estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR). The renal function abnormality grades were based on NCI-CTCAE, Version 5.0, where Grade 1 = Mild; Grade 2 = Moderate; Grade 3 = Severe; Grade 4 = Potentially Life Threatening. Grade refers to the severity of the AEs. eGFR was assessed as per PCSA criteria: 60 (less than equal to) <= to less than (<) 90 milliliter/minute/1.73 meter square (mL/min/1.73m^2) (Mild), 30<= to <60 mL/min/1.73m^2 (Moderate), 15<=to <30 mL/min/1.73m^2 (Severe), <15 mL/min/1.73m^2 (End Stage Renal Disease). (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until study cut-off date (maximum duration: up to 97.7 weeks)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Creatinine increased: Grade 1	Creatinine increased: Grade 2	Creatinine increased: Grade 3	Creatinine increased: Grade 4	eGFR: 60<= - <90 mL/min/1.73m^2	eGFR: 30<= - <60 mL/min/1.73m^2	eGFR: 15<= - <30 mL/min/1.73m^2	eGFR: <15 mL/min/1.73m^2
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%	0	0	1	11	0	0	0	12
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%	0	0	3	8	0	0	0	11

[back to top]

Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), and Treatment-Emergent Serious Adverse Events (TESAEs)

An AE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug and did not necessarily had to have a causal relationship with the treatment. Serious adverse events (SAEs) were any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose: resulted in death, was life-threatening, required inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, was a congenital anomaly/birth defect, was a medically important event. TEAEs were defined as AEs that developed, worsened or became serious during the TEAE period (defined as the time from the first dose of study drug until study cut-off date). (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until study cut-off date (maximum duration: up to 97.7 weeks)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	TEAEs	TESAEs
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%	3	0
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%	4	0

[back to top]

PK Parameters: Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve From Time 0 to 168 Hours Over the Dosing Interval (AUC0-168 Hours) After First Infusion of Isatuximab

AUC0-168 hours was defined as the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from time 0 to 168 hours post dose calculated using trapezoidal method after first infusion of isatuximab. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: At Start of infusion (SOI), End of infusion (EOI), EOI+4H (initial protocol) EOI+1H (amended protocol), 72H and 168H on Day 1 of Cycle 1

Intervention	microgramshours/milliliter (mcgh/mL) (Mean)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%	29400
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%	20000

[back to top]

Pharmacokinetics (PK) Parameters: Concentration Observed at the End of First Intravenous Infusion (Ceoi) of Isatuximab

Ceoi is the plasma concentration observed at the end of intravenous infusion of isatuximab. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: At End of infusion on Cycle 1 Day 1

Intervention	micrograms per milliliter (mcg/mL) (Mean)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%	290
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%	270

[back to top]

Percentage of Participants With Response

Response was defined as the percentage of participants meeting at least one of the predefined desensitization efficacy criteria as measured by single antigen bead (SAB) assay as follows: reduction in cPRA resulting in at least 100% increase of likelihood of finding a compatible donor; reduction in antibody titer (>=75% reduction from Baseline) to achieve target cPRA; elimination of >=1 human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibody (i.e., mean fluorescence intensity [MFI] reduced to <2000) as measured by a SAB assay, for antibodies with Baseline MFI >=3000. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until end of follow-up period (maximum duration: up to 39.1 weeks)

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%	83.3
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%	81.8

[back to top]

Number of Participants With Graft Survival at 6 Months Post-Transplant

Number of participants with graft survival status as functioning at 6-months post-transplant was reported in this outcome measure. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: At 6 Months post-transplant

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%	1
Cohort B: Participants With Calculated Panel Reactive Antibodies (cPRA) 80.00% to 99.89%	0

[back to top]

Number of Participants Achieving Target cPRA

Target calculated panel reactive antibodies (cPRA) was defined as the reduction of cPRA required to achieve at least 100% increase of likelihood of compatible donor (LCD). Number of participants who achieved target cPRA was assessed using the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) calculator during the specified timepoint were reported in this outcome measure. Participants who retained their target cPRA values were censored at the date of the last available laboratory assessment achieving their target cPRA. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until study cut-off date (maximum duration: up to 97.7 weeks)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%	4
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%	2

[back to top]

Number of Kidney Transplant Offers

Number of kidney transplants offers received for each participant was reported in the outcome measure. Data on transplant offers were collected and followed up until study cut-off date. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until study cut-off date (maximum duration: up to 97.7 weeks)

Intervention	transplant offers (Number)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%	3
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%	3

[back to top]

Duration of Response (DOR)

Duration of response (DOR) was defined as time (in weeks) from laboratory sample collection date used in determining a participant to be a responder (defined as participants meeting at least one of the predefined desensitization efficacy criteria: reduction in cPRA resulting in at least 100% increase of likelihood of finding a compatible donor; reduction in antibody titer [>=75% reduction from Baseline] to achieve target cPRA; elimination of >=1 anti-HLA antibody i.e. MFI reduced to <2000 as measured by a SAB assay, for antibodies with Baseline MFI >=3000) up to the laboratory sample collection date when participant was confirmed as no longer meeting any response criterion (i.e., non-responder) or the date of death due to any cause, whichever occurs first. DOR was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until end of follow-up period (maximum duration: up to 39.1 weeks)

Intervention	weeks (Median)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%	NA
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%	NA

[back to top]

Duration for Achieving Target cPRA

Duration of achieving target cPRA was defined as the time (in weeks) from laboratory sample collection date of achieving target cPRA (defined as the reduction of cPRA required to achieve at least 100% increase of LCD) the first time up to the laboratory sample collection date when no longer achieving target cPRA calculated using OPTN calculator or the date of death due to any cause, whichever occurs first. The duration of achieving target cPRA was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until study cut-off date (maximum duration: up to 97.7 weeks)

Intervention	weeks (Median)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%	NA
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%	7.29

[back to top]

Number of Participants With Anti-drug Antibodies (ADA) Against Isatuximab

ADA responses were categorized as treatment boosted ADA and treatment-induced ADA. Treatment boosted ADA was defined as pre-existing ADAs with a significant increase in the ADA titer during the study compared to the Baseline titer. Treatment-induced ADA was defined as ADA that developed at any time during the ADA on-study observation period in participants without pre-existing ADA. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until study cut-off date (maximum duration: up to 97.7 weeks)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Treatment-induced ADA	Treatment boosted ADA
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%	0	0
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%	0	0

[back to top]

PK Parameters: Last Concentration Observed Above the Lower Limit of Quantification (Clast) After the First Infusion of Isatuximab

Clast was defined as the last concentration of isatuximab observed above the lower limit of quantification calculated using non-compartmental analysis after the first infusion of isatuximab. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: At Start of infusion (SOI), End of infusion (EOI), EOI+4H (initial protocol) EOI+1H (amended protocol), 72H and 168H on Day 1 of Cycle 1

Intervention	mcg/mL (Mean)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%	104
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%	76.3

[back to top]

PK Parameters: Maximum Concentration Observed (Cmax) After the First Infusion of Isatuximab

Cmax was defined as the maximum concentration observed after the first administration calculated using the noncompartmental analysis after the intravenous infusion of isatuximab. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: At Start of infusion (SOI), End of infusion (EOI), EOI+4H (initial protocol) EOI+1H (amended protocol), 72H and 168H on Day 1 of Cycle 1

Intervention	mcg/mL (Mean)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%	295
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%	285

[back to top]

PK Parameters: Time of Clast (Tlast) After First Infusion of Isatuximab

Tlast was defined as the time of last concentration observed above the lower limit of quantification, calculated using the non-compartmental analysis after the intravenous infusion of isatuximab. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: At Start of infusion (SOI), End of infusion (EOI), EOI+4H (initial protocol) EOI+1H (amended protocol), 72H and 168H on Day 1 of Cycle 1

Intervention	hours (Median)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%	166.00
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%	167.00

[back to top]

PK Parameters: Time Taken to Reach Cmax (Tmax) After the First Infusion of Isatuximab

Tmax was defined as the time to reach Cmax, calculated using the non-compartmental analysis after the intravenous infusion of isatuximab. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: At Start of infusion (SOI), End of infusion (EOI), EOI+4H (initial protocol) EOI+1H (amended protocol), 72H and 168H on Day 1 of Cycle 1

Intervention	hours (Median)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%	3.67
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%	3.40

[back to top]

PK Parameters: Trough Plasma Concentrations (Ctrough) of Isatuximab

Ctrough was the plasma concentration of isatuximab observed just before (pre-dose) treatment administration. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: Cycle 2 Day 1

Intervention	mcg/mL (Mean)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%	308
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%	246

[back to top]

Time to First Transplant Offer

Time to first transplant offer was defined as time (in days) from date of first study treatment dose up to date of first kidney transplant offer. Data on transplant status were collected and followed up until study cut-off date. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until study cut-off date (maximum duration: up to 97.7 weeks)

Intervention	days (Median)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%	373
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%	156

[back to top]

Time to Transplant

Time to transplant was defined as time (in days) from date of first study treatment dose up to date of kidney transplant. Data on transplant status were collected and followed up until study cut-off date. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until study cut-off date (maximum duration: up to 97.7 weeks)

Intervention	days (Median)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%	445
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%	259.5

[back to top]

Number of Participants With Abnormal Electrolytes Parameters

Abnormal electrolyte parameters assessed were hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, hypocalcemia, blood bicarbonate decreased, hypermagnesemia, hypomagnesemia and chloride. The abnormal grades were based on NCI-CTCAE, Version 5.0, where Grade 1 = Mild; Grade 2 = Moderate; Grade 3 = Severe; Grade 4 = Potentially Life Threatening. Grade refers to the severity of the AEs. Chloride was estimated as per PCSA criteria: <80 millimoles per liter (mmol/L) and >115 mmol/L. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until study cut-off date (maximum duration: up to 97.7 weeks)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Hypernatremia: Grade 1	Hypernatremia: Grade 2	Hypernatremia: Grade 3	Hypernatremia: Grade 4	Hyponatremia: Grade 1	Hyponatremia: Grade 2	Hyponatremia: Grade 3	Hyponatremia: Grade 4	Hyperkalemia: Grade 1	Hyperkalemia: Grade 2	Hyperkalemia: Grade 3	Hyperkalemia: Grade 4	Hypokalemia: Grade 1	Hypokalemia: Grade 2	Hypokalemia: Grade 3	Hypokalemia: Grade 4	Hypercalcemia: Grade 1	Hypercalcemia: Grade 2	Hypercalcemia: Grade 3	Hypercalcemia: Grade 4	Hypocalcemia: Grade 1	Hypocalcemia: Grade 2	Hypocalcemia: Grade 3	Hypocalcemia: Grade 4	Hypermagnesemia: Grade 1	Hypermagnesemia: Grade 2	Hypermagnesemia: Grade 3	Hypermagnesemia: Grade 4	Hypomagnesemia: Grade 1	Hypomagnesemia: Grade 2	Hypomagnesemia: Grade 3	Hypomagnesemia: Grade 4	Chloride (PCSA): <80 mmol/L	Chloride (PCSA): >115 mmol/L
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%	0	0	0	0	4	0	0	0	2	3	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	6	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	6	1	2	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	5	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0

[back to top]

Number of Participants With Abnormal Metabolism Parameters

Abnormal metabolism parameters assessed were hypoglycemia, hypoalbuminemia and glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c). The abnormal grades were based on NCI-CTCAE, Version 5.0, where Grade 1 = Mild; Grade 2 = Moderate; Grade 3 = Severe; Grade 4 = Potentially Life Threatening. Grade refers to the severity of the AEs. HbA1c was estimated as per PCSA criteria: >8%. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until study cut-off date (maximum duration: up to 97.7 weeks)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Hypoglycemia: Grade 1	Hypoglycemia: Grade 2	Hypoglycemia: Grade 3	Hypoglycemia: Grade 4	Hypoalbuminemia: Grade 1	Hypoalbuminemia: Grade 2	Hypoalbuminemia: Grade 3	Hypoalbuminemia: Grade 4
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%	1	1	0	0	3	2	0	0
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%	2	0	0	0	0	2	0	0

[back to top]

Treatment C: Change From Baseline in Erythrocytes Mean Corpuscular Volume

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: erythrocytes mean corpuscular volume. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 20), before the dose of Treatment C. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 20), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	Femtoliter (Mean)
	Day 22	Day 25
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	-1.64	-1.28

[back to top]

Treatment C: Change From Baseline in Glucose, Carbon Dioxide, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Anion Gap, Calcium, Chloride, Phosphate, Potassium, Sodium, Urea

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: glucose, carbon dioxide, cholesterol, triglycerides, anion gap, calcium, chloride, phosphate, potassium, sodium and urea. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 20), before the dose of Treatment C. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 20), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	Millimoles per liter (Mean)
	Day 22: Glucose	Day 25: Glucose	Day 22: Carbon Dioxide	Day 25: Carbon Dioxide	Day 22: Cholesterol	Day 25: Cholesterol	Day 22: Triglycerides	Day 25: Triglycerides	Day 22: Anion Gap	Day 25: Anion Gap	Day 22: Calcium	Day 25: Calcium	Day 22: Chloride	Day 25: Chloride	Day 22: Phosphate	Day 25: Phosphate	Day 22: Potassium	Day 25: Potassium	Day 22: Sodium	Day 25: Sodium	Day 22: Urea	Day 25: Urea
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	0.0876	0.1519	0.5	1.2	-0.4355	-0.2926	0.0054	0.0291	-0.6	-0.1	-0.0407	0.0302	1.4	-0.8	-0.0680	0.0816	-0.04	-0.03	1.2	0.4	-0.8286	-0.4265

[back to top]

Treatment C: Change From Baseline in Hematocrit

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: hematocrit. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 20), before the dose of Treatment C. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 20), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	Proportion of red blood cells in blood (Mean)
	Day 22	Day 25
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	-0.0217	-0.0071

[back to top]

Treatment C: Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: hemoglobin. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 20), before the dose of Treatment C. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 20), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	Grams per liter (Mean)
	Day 22	Day 25
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	-5.8	-2.3

[back to top]

Treatment C: Change From Baseline in Oral Temperature

Oral temperature was measured in the supine position after at least 5 minutes of rest for the participant in a quiet setting without distractions. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 21, Pre-Dose), before the first dose in Treatment C. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 21, Pre-Dose), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	Degrees Celsius (Mean)
	Day 22	Day 25
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	-0.13	0.01

[back to top]

Treatment C: Change From Baseline in Platelet Count, Leukocyte Count, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameters: platelet count, leukocyte count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 20), before the dose of Treatment C. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 20), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	10^9 cells per liter (Mean)
	Day 22: Platelet count	Day 25: Platelet count	Day 22: Leukocyte count	Day 25: Leukocyte count	Day 22: Neutrophils	Day 25: Neutrophils	Day 22: Lymphocytes	Day 25: Lymphocytes	Day 22: Monocytes	Day 25: Monocytes	Day 22: Eosinophils	Day 25: Eosinophils	Day 22: Basophils	Day 25: Basophils
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	-13.1	-1.6	-0.05	0.12	-0.1254	0.1351	0.0351	0.0843	0.0184	-0.0929	0.0329	-0.0115	-0.0094	-0.0066

[back to top]

Treatment C: Change From Baseline in Pulse Rate

Pulse rate was measured in the supine position after at least 5 minutes of rest for the participant in a quiet setting without distractions. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 21, Pre-Dose), before the first dose in Treatment C. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 21, Pre-Dose), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	Beats per minute (Mean)
	Day 22	Day 25
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	-7.1	-1.5

[back to top]

Treatment C: Change From Baseline in Respiratory Rate

Respiratory rate was measured in the supine position after at least 5 minutes of rest for the participant in a quiet setting without distractions. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 21, Pre-Dose), before the first dose in Treatment C. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 21, Pre-Dose), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	Breaths per minute (Mean)
	Day 22	Day 25
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	-0.1	0.8

[back to top]

Treatment C: Change From Baseline in SBP and DBP

SBP and DBP were measured in the supine position after at least 5 minutes of rest for the participant in a quiet setting without distractions. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 21, Pre-Dose), before the first dose in Treatment C. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 21, Pre-Dose), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	Millimeters of mercury (Mean)
	Day 22: SBP	Day 25: SBP	Day 22: DBP	Day 25: DBP
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	-1.9	2.2	-4.3	-0.5

[back to top]

Treatment C: Change From Baseline in Urate, Creatinine, Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: urate, creatinine, bilirubin and direct bilirubin. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 20), before the dose of Treatment C. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 20), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	Micromoles per liter (Mean)
	Day 22: Urate	Day 25: Urate	Day 22: Creatinine	Day 25: Creatinine	Day 22: Bilirubin	Day 25: Bilirubin	Day 22: Direct bilirubin	Day 25: Direct bilirubin
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	-40.0707	-2.5044	-4.7922	-1.5819	1.1340	0.2880	0.2340	0.1530

[back to top]

AUC(0-t) for 5-hydroxyomeprazole

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of 5-hydroxyomeprazole. 5-hydroxyomeprazole is a metabolite of omeprazole. The AUC(0-t) was determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for each incremental trapezoid and the log trapezoidal rule for each decremental trapezoid. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	h*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	713.5
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	785.1

[back to top]

AUC(0-t) for 36-hydroxymontelukast

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of 36-hydroxymontelukas. 36-hydroxymontelukast is a metabolite of montelukast. The AUC(0-t) was determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for each incremental trapezoid and the log trapezoidal rule for each decremental trapezoid. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	h*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	234.2
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	230.9

[back to top]

AUC(0-t) for 1-hydroxymidazolam

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of 1-hydroxymidazolam. 1-hydroxymidazolam is a metabolite of midazolam. The AUC(0-t) was determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for each incremental trapezoid and the log trapezoidal rule for each decremental trapezoid. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	h*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	31.07
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	28.07

[back to top]

AUC(0-infinity) for Pravastatin

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of pravastatin. The AUC(0-infinity) was determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for each incremental trapezoid and the log trapezoidal rule for each decremental trapezoid. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	h*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	72.09
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	43.70

[back to top]

AUC(0-infinity) for Omeprazole

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of omeprazole. The AUC(0-infinity) was determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for each incremental trapezoid and the log trapezoidal rule for each decremental trapezoid. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	h*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	1127
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	1093

[back to top]

AUC(0-infinity) for Montelukast

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of montelukast. The AUC(0-infinity) was determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for each incremental trapezoid and the log trapezoidal rule for each decremental trapezoid. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	h*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	2859
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	3109

[back to top]

AUC(0-infinity) for Midazolam

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of midazolam. The AUC(0-infinity) was determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for each incremental trapezoid and the log trapezoidal rule for each decremental trapezoid. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	h*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	70.08
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	65.46

[back to top]

AUC(0-infinity) for Metoprolol

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of metoprolol. The AUC(0-infinity) was determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for each incremental trapezoid and the log trapezoidal rule for each decremental trapezoid. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	h*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	659.1
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	813.1

[back to top]

AUC(0-infinity) for Flurbiprofen

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of flurbiprofen. The AUC(0-infinity) was determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for each incremental trapezoid and the log trapezoidal rule for each decremental trapezoid. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	h*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	66700
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	68660

[back to top]

AUC(0-infinity) for Digoxin

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of digoxin. The AUC(0-infinity) was determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for each incremental trapezoid and the log trapezoidal rule for each decremental trapezoid. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	h*pg/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	19180
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	20090

[back to top]

AUC(0-infinity) for Alpha-hydroxymetoprolol

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of alpha-hydroxymetoprolol. Alpha-hydroxymetoprolol is a metabolite of metoprolol. The AUC(0-infinity) was determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for each incremental trapezoid and the log trapezoidal rule for each decremental trapezoid. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	h*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	682.8
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	632.8

[back to top]

AUC(0-infinity) for 5-hydroxyomeprazole

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of 5-hydroxyomeprazole. 5-hydroxyomeprazole is a metabolite of omeprazole. The AUC(0-infinity) was determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for each incremental trapezoid and the log trapezoidal rule for each decremental trapezoid. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	h*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	767.4
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	762.0

[back to top]

AUC(0-infinity) for 36-hydroxymontelukast

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of 36-hydroxymontelukast. 36-hydroxymontelukast is a metabolite of montelukast. The AUC(0-infinity) was determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for each incremental trapezoid and the log trapezoidal rule for each decremental trapezoid. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	h*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	252.5
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	249.3

[back to top]

AUC(0-t) for Digoxin

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of digoxin. The AUC(0-t) was determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for each incremental trapezoid and the log trapezoidal rule for each decremental trapezoid. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	Hourspicogram per milliliter (hpg/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	16690
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	17840

[back to top]

AUC(0-t) for Flurbiprofen

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of flurbiprofen. The AUC(0-t) was determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for each incremental trapezoid and the log trapezoidal rule for each decremental trapezoid. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	h*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	64930
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	66170

[back to top]

AUC(0-t) for Metoprolol

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of metoprolol. The AUC(0-t) was determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for each incremental trapezoid and the log trapezoidal rule for each decremental trapezoid. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	h*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	655.0
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	807.3

[back to top]

AUC(0-infinity) for 1-hydroxymidazolam

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of 1-hydroxymidazolam. 1-hydroxymidazolam is a metabolite of midazolam. The AUC(0-infinity) was determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for each incremental trapezoid and the log trapezoidal rule for each decremental trapezoid. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	h*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	31.86
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	28.99

[back to top]

AUC(0-t) for Midazolam

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of midazolam. The AUC(0-t) was determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for each incremental trapezoid and the log trapezoidal rule for each decremental trapezoid. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	h*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	67.11
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	62.95

[back to top]

AUC(0-t) for Montelukast

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of montelukast. The AUC(0-t) was determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for each incremental trapezoid and the log trapezoidal rule for each decremental trapezoid. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	h*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	2724
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	2940

[back to top]

AUC(0-t) for Omeprazole

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of omeprazole. The AUC(0-t) was determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for each incremental trapezoid and the log trapezoidal rule for each decremental trapezoid. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	h*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	728.1
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	817.9

[back to top]

AUC(0-t) for Pravastatin

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of pravastatin. The AUC(0-t) was determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for each incremental trapezoid and the log trapezoidal rule for each decremental trapezoid. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	h*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	69.92
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	51.03

[back to top]

Cmax for 1-hydroxymidazolam

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of 1-hydroxymidazolam. 1-hydroxymidazolam is a metabolite of midazolam. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	7.933
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	6.722

[back to top]

Cmax for 36-hydroxymontelukast

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of 36-hydroxymontelukast. 36-hydroxymontelukast is a metabolite of montelukast. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	24.62
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	23.22

[back to top]

Cmax for 5-hydroxyomeprazole

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of 5-hydroxyomeprazole. 5-hydroxyomeprazole is a metabolite of omeprazole. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	181.1
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	203.3

[back to top]

Cmax for Alpha-hydroxymetoprolol

Intervention	ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	45.70
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	39.21

[back to top]

Cmax for Digoxin

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of digoxin. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	Picogram per milliliter (pg/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	1026
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	1282

[back to top]

Cmax for Flurbiprofen

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of flurbiprofen. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	10220
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	10710

[back to top]

Cmax for Metoprolol

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of metoprolol. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	127.4
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	141.1

[back to top]

Cmax for Midazolam

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of midazolam. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	15.44
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	13.95

[back to top]

AUC From Time Zero Extrapolated to Infinity (AUC[0-infinity]) for Caffeine

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of caffeine. The AUC(0-infinity) was determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for each incremental trapezoid and the log trapezoidal rule for each decremental trapezoid. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	h*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	39720
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	44440

[back to top]

Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) From Time Zero to Time t (AUC[0-t]) for Caffeine

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of caffeine. Area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to time t, to be calculated using the linear trapezoidal rule for each incremental trapezoid and the log trapezoidal rule for each decremental trapezoid. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	Hournanograms per milliliter (hng/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	37970
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	42230

[back to top]

Apparent Terminal Phase Half-life (t1/2) for Caffeine

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of caffeine. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	Hours (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	5.380
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	6.085

[back to top]

Cmax for Omeprazole

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of omeprazole. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	224.4
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	256.6

[back to top]

Cmax for Pravastatin

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of pravastatin. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	19.45
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	15.19

[back to top]

Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) for Caffeine

Intervention	Nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	4340
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	4110

[back to top]

Ratio of AUC(0-infinity) of 1-hydroxymidazolam to Midazolam

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of parent drug (midazolam) and its metabolite (1-hydroxymidazolam). Ratio of AUC(0-infinity) of metabolite to parent drug has been presented. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	Ratio (Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	0.4677
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	0.4618

[back to top]

Treatment B: Change From Baseline in Urate, Creatinine, Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: urate, creatinine, bilirubin and direct bilirubin. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 10), before the first dose of Treatment B. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 10) and Day 20

Intervention	Micromoles per liter (Mean)
	Urate	Creatinine	Bilirubin	Direct bilirubin
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	-27.6582	4.3758	0.6156	0.1112

[back to top]

Ratio of AUC(0-infinity) of 5-hydroxyomeprazole to Omeprazole

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of parent drug (omeprazole) and its metabolite (5-hydroxyomeprazole). Ratio of AUC(0-infinity) of metabolite to parent drug has been presented. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	Ratio (Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	1.151
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	1.077

[back to top]

Ratio of AUC(0-infinity) of Alpha-hydroxymetoprolol to Metoprolol

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of parent drug (metoprolol) and its metabolite (alpha-hydroxymetoprolol). Ratio of AUC(0-infinity) of metabolite to parent drug has been presented. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	Ratio (Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	1.733
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	1.449

[back to top]

Ratio of Cmax of 1-hydroxymidazolam to Midazolam

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of parent drug (midazolam) and its metabolite (1-hydroxymidazolam). Ratio of Cmax of metabolite to parent drug has been presented. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	Ratio (Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	0.5286
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	0.4955

[back to top]

Ratio of Cmax of 36-hydroxymontelukast to Montelukast

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of parent drug (montelukast) and its metabolite (36-hydroxymontelukast). Ratio of Cmax of metabolite to parent drug has been presented. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	Ratio (Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	0.06766
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	0.06308

[back to top]

Ratio of Cmax of 5-hydroxyomeprazole to Omeprazole

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of parent drug (omeprazole) and its metabolite (5-hydroxyomeprazole). Ratio of Cmax of metabolite to parent drug has been presented. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	Ratio (Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	0.9461
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	0.8810

[back to top]

Ratio of Cmax of Alpha-hydroxymetoprolol to Metoprolol

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of parent drug (metoprolol) and its metabolite (alpha-hydroxymetoprolol). Ratio of Cmax of metabolite to parent drug has been presented. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	Ratio (Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	0.7869
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	0.7066

[back to top]

Treatment A: Change From Baseline in Albumin, Globulin, Protein

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: albumin, globulin and protein. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day -1), before the dose of Treatment A. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 10

Intervention	Grams per liter (Mean)
	Albumin	Globulin	Protein
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	-0.7	-1.5	-2.2

[back to top]

Treatment A: Change From Baseline in Amylase, Lipase

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: amylase and lipase. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day -1), before the dose of Treatment A. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 10

Intervention	Units per liter (Mean)
	Lipase	Amylase
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	2.2	-2.6

[back to top]

Treatment A: Change From Baseline in Creatine Kinase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, ALT, ALP, AST, Gamma-glutamyl Transferase

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, ALT, ALP, AST and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day -1), before the dose of Treatment A. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 10

Intervention	International units per liter (Mean)
	Creatine kinase	Lactate dehydrogenase	ALT	ALP	AST	Gamma-glutamyl transferase
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	-36.9	-16.5	4.5	-1.9	1.0	-0.2

[back to top]

Treatment A: Change From Baseline in ECG Parameters: PR Interval, QRS Duration, QT Interval, QTcF

Twelve-lead ECGs were obtained to measure PR Interval, QRS Duration, QT Interval and QTcF Interval. Twelve-lead ECGs were performed with the participant in a supine position after a rest of at least 10 minutes. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 1, Pre-Dose), before the dose in Treatment A. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1, Pre-dose) and Day 10

Intervention	Milliseconds (Mean)
	PR Interval	QRS Duration	QT Interval	QTcF Interval
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	3.4	2.5	7.1	4.8

[back to top]

Treatment A: Change From Baseline in Glucose, Carbon Dioxide, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Anion Gap, Calcium, Chloride, Phosphate, Potassium, Sodium, Urea

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: glucose, carbon dioxide, cholesterol, triglycerides, anion gap, calcium, chloride, phosphate, potassium, sodium, and urea. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day -1), before the dose of Treatment A. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 10

Intervention	Millimoles per liter (Mean)
	Glucose	Carbon Dioxide	Cholesterol	Triglycerides	Anion Gap	Calcium	Chloride	Phosphate	Potassium	Sodium	Urea
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	-0.2137	-78.7	-0.6452	-0.0418	5.9	-0.0624	78.0	0.0678	-0.05	0.7	1.1263

[back to top]

Treatment A: Change From Baseline in Platelet Count, Leukocyte Count, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameters: platelet count, leukocyte count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day -1), before the dose of Treatment A. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 10

Intervention	10^9 cells per liter (Mean)
	Platelet count	Leukocyte count	Neutrophils	Lymphocytes	Monocytes	Eosinophils	Basophils
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	7.3	0.66	0.5926	0.0748	-0.0375	0.0150	0.0110

[back to top]

t1/2 for 1-hydroxymidazolam

Intervention	Hours (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	3.632
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	3.717

[back to top]

Treatment A: Change From Baseline in SBP and DBP

SBP and DBP were measured in the supine position after at least 5 minutes of rest for the participant in a quiet setting without distractions. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 1, Pre-Dose), before the dose in Treatment A. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1, Pre-dose) and Day 10

Intervention	Millimeters of mercury (Mean)
	SBP	DBP
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	-3.3	-5.4

[back to top]

Treatment A: Change From Baseline in Urate, Creatinine, Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: urate, creatinine, bilirubin and direct bilirubin. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day -1), before the dose of Treatment A. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 10

Intervention	Micromoles per liter (Mean)
	Urate	Creatinine	Bilirubin	Direct bilirubin
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	18.1414	1.4586	-1.8297	-0.3506

[back to top]

Treatment B: Absolute Values for ECG Parameters: PR Interval, QRS Duration, QT Interval, QTcF Interval

Twelve-lead ECGs were obtained to measure PR Interval, QRS Duration, QT Interval and QTcF Interval. Twelve-lead ECGs were performed with the participant in a supine position after a rest of at least 10 minutes. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 11, Pre-Dose), before the first dose in Treatment B. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 11, Pre-Dose) and Day 20

Intervention	Milliseconds (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 11, Pre-dose): PR Interval	Day 20: PR Interval	Baseline (Day 11, Pre-dose): QRS Duration	Day 20: QRS Duration	Baseline (Day 11, Pre-dose): QT Interval	Day 20: QT Interval	Baseline (Day 11, Pre-dose): QTcF Interval	Day 20: QTcF Interval
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	158.6	161.8	94.2	96.4	403.1	408.8	403.5	408.6

[back to top]

Treatment B: Absolute Values of Albumin, Globulin, Protein

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: albumin, globulin and protein. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 10), before the first dose of Treatment B. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 10) and Day 20

Intervention	Grams per liter (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 10): Albumin	Day 20: Albumin	Baseline (Day 10): Globulin	Day 20: Globulin	Baseline (Day 10): Protein	Day 20: Protein
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	42.2	41.4	25.9	26.8	68.1	68.2

[back to top]

Treatment B: Absolute Values of Amylase, Lipase

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: amylase and lipase. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 10), before the first dose of Treatment B. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 10) and Day 20

Intervention	Units per liter (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 10): Lipase	Day 20: Lipase	Baseline (Day 10): Amylase	Day 20: Amylase
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	31.6	32.4	56.9	60.1

[back to top]

Treatment B: Absolute Values of Creatine Kinase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, ALT, ALP, AST, Gamma-glutamyl Transferase

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, ALT, ALP, AST, and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 10), before the first dose of Treatment B. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 10) and Day 20

Intervention	International units per liter (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 10): Creatine kinase	Day 20: Creatine kinase	Baseline (Day 10): Lactate dehydrogenase	Day 20: Lactate dehydrogenase	Baseline (Day 10): ALT	Day 20: ALT	Baseline (Day 10): ALP	Day 20: ALP	Baseline (Day 10): AST	Day 20: AST	Baseline (Day 10): Gamma-glutamyl transferase	Day 20: Gamma-glutamyl transferase
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	66.9	68.9	114.8	115.9	20.1	20.3	60.8	58.5	15.6	16.1	18.9	18.3

[back to top]

Treatment B: Absolute Values of Erythrocytes

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: erythrocytes. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 10), before the first dose of Treatment B. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 10) and Day 20

Intervention	10^12 cells per liter (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 10)	Day 20
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	4.664	4.746

[back to top]

Treatment B: Absolute Values of Erythrocytes Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: erythrocytes mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 10), before the first dose of Treatment B. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 10) and Day 20

Intervention	Picograms (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 10)	Day 20
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	29.57	29.52

[back to top]

Treatment B: Absolute Values of Erythrocytes Mean Corpuscular Volume

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: erythrocytes mean corpuscular volume. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 10), before the first dose of Treatment B. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 10) and Day 20

Intervention	Femtoliter (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 10)	Day 20
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	88.02	88.96

[back to top]

Treatment B: Absolute Values of Glucose, Carbon Dioxide, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Anion Gap, Calcium, Chloride, Phosphate, Potassium, Sodium, Urea

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: glucose, carbon dioxide, cholesterol, triglycerides, anion gap, calcium, chloride, phosphate, potassium, sodium, and urea. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 10), before the first dose of Treatment B. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 10) and Day 20

Intervention	Millimoles per liter (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 10): Glucose	Day 20: Glucose	Baseline (Day 10): Carbon Dioxide	Day 20: Carbon Dioxide	Baseline (Day 10): Cholesterol	Day 20: Cholesterol	Baseline (Day 10): Triglycerides	Day 20: Triglycerides	Baseline (Day 10): Anion Gap	Day 20: Anion Gap	Baseline (Day 10): Calcium	Day 20: Calcium	Baseline (Day 10): Chloride	Day 20: Chloride	Baseline (Day 10): Phosphate	Day 20: Phosphate	Baseline (Day 10): Potassium	Day 20: Potassium	Baseline (Day 10): Sodium	Day 20: Sodium	Baseline (Day 10): Urea	Day 20: Urea
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	4.8211	4.7378	25.4	24.9	3.8118	3.6915	1.1814	1.0825	13.8	14.5	2.3141	2.3141	103.7	103.6	1.1754	1.2593	4.43	4.39	138.4	138.6	5.9458	5.6335

[back to top]

Treatment B: Absolute Values of Hematocrit

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: hematocrit. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 10), before the first dose of Treatment B. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 10) and Day 20

Intervention	Proportion of red blood cells in blood (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 10)	Day 20
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	0.4098	0.4216

[back to top]

Treatment B: Absolute Values of Hemoglobin

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: hemoglobin. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 10), before the first dose of Treatment B. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 10) and Day 20

Intervention	Grams per liter (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 10)	Day 20
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	137.7	140.0

[back to top]

Treatment B: Absolute Values of Oral Temperature

Oral temperature was measured in the supine position after at least 5 minutes of rest for the participant in a quiet setting without distractions. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 11, Pre-Dose), before the first dose in Treatment B. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 11, Pre-Dose) and Day 20

Intervention	Degrees Celsius (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 11, Pre-dose)	Day 20
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	36.31	36.28

[back to top]

Treatment B: Absolute Values of Platelet Count, Leukocyte Count, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameters: platelet count, leukocyte count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 10), before the first dose of Treatment B. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 10) and Day 20

Intervention	10^9 cells per liter (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 10): Platelet count	Day 20: Platelet count	Baseline (Day 10): Leukocyte count	Day 20: Leukocyte count	Baseline (Day 10): Neutrophils	Day 20: Neutrophils	Baseline (Day 10): Lymphocytes	Day 20: Lymphocytes	Baseline (Day 10): Monocytes	Day 20: Monocytes	Baseline (Day 10): Eosinophils	Day 20: Eosinophils	Baseline (Day 10): Basophils	Day 20: Basophils
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	265.9	261.9	6.30	5.79	3.7430	3.2680	1.8965	1.8355	0.4515	0.4435	0.1610	0.1920	0.0440	0.0460

[back to top]

Treatment B: Absolute Values of Pulse Rate

Pulse rate was measured in the supine position after at least 5 minutes of rest for the participant in a quiet setting without distractions. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 11, Pre-Dose), before the first dose in Treatment B. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 11, Pre-Dose) and Day 20

Intervention	Beats per minute (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 11, Pre-dose)	Day 20
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	61.6	62.8

[back to top]

Treatment B: Absolute Values of Respiratory Rate

Respiratory rate was measured in the supine position after at least 5 minutes of rest for the participant in a quiet setting without distractions. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 11, Pre-Dose), before the first dose in Treatment B. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 11, Pre-Dose) and Day 20

Intervention	Breaths per minute (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 11, Pre-dose)	Day 20
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	15.0	14.7

[back to top]

Treatment B: Absolute Values of SBP and DBP

SBP and DBP were measured in the supine position after at least 5 minutes of rest for the participant in a quiet setting without distractions. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 11, Pre-Dose), before the first dose in Treatment B. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 11, Pre-Dose) and Day 20

Intervention	Millimeters of mercury (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 11, Pre-dose): SBP	Day 20: SBP	Baseline (Day 11, Pre-dose): DBP	Day 20: DBP
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	107.7	107.2	61.6	59.6

[back to top]

Ratio of AUC(0-infinity) of 36-hydroxymontelukast to Montelukast

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of parent drug (montelukast) and its metabolite (36-hydroxymontelukast). Ratio of AUC(0-infinity) of metabolite to parent drug has been presented. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	Ratio (Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	0.09182
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	0.08562

[back to top]

Treatment B: Absolute Values of Urate, Creatinine, Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: urate, creatinine, bilirubin and direct bilirubin. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 10), before the first dose of Treatment B. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 10) and Day 20

Intervention	Micromoles per liter (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 10): Urate	Day 20: Urate	Baseline (Day 10): Creatinine	Day 20: Creatinine	Baseline (Day 10): Bilirubin	Day 20: Bilirubin	Baseline (Day 10): Direct bilirubin	Day 20: Direct bilirubin
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	365.5046	337.8464	86.4110	90.7868	8.0028	8.6184	1.7015	1.8126

[back to top]

Treatment B: Change From Baseline in Albumin, Globulin, Protein

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: albumin, globulin and protein. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 10), before the first dose of Treatment B. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 10) and Day 20

Intervention	Grams per liter (Mean)
	Albumin	Globulin	Protein
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	-0.9	0.9	0.1

[back to top]

Treatment B: Change From Baseline in Amylase, Lipase

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: amylase and lipase. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 10), before the first dose of Treatment B. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 10) and Day 20

Intervention	Units per liter (Mean)
	Lipase	Amylase
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	0.9	3.2

[back to top]

Treatment B: Change From Baseline in Creatine Kinase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, ALT, ALP, AST, Gamma-glutamyl Transferase

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, ALT, ALP, AST, and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 10), before the first dose of Treatment B. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 10) and Day 20

Intervention	International units per liter (Mean)
	Creatine kinase	Lactate dehydrogenase	ALT	ALP	AST	Gamma-glutamyl transferase
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	2.1	1.1	0.3	-2.4	0.6	-0.6

[back to top]

Treatment B: Change From Baseline in ECG Parameters: PR Interval, QRS Duration, QT Interval, QTcF

Twelve-lead ECGs were obtained to measure PR Interval, QRS Duration, QT Interval and QTcF Interval. Twelve-lead ECGs were performed with the participant in a supine position after a rest of at least 10 minutes. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 11, Pre-Dose), before the first dose in Treatment B. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 11, Pre-Dose) and Day 20

Intervention	Milliseconds (Mean)
	PR Interval	QRS Duration	QT Interval	QTcF Interval
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	3.2	2.3	5.7	5.1

[back to top]

Treatment B: Change From Baseline in Glucose, Carbon Dioxide, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Anion Gap, Calcium, Chloride, Phosphate, Potassium, Sodium, Urea

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: glucose, carbon dioxide, cholesterol, triglycerides, anion gap, calcium, chloride, phosphate, potassium, sodium, and urea. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 10), before the first dose of Treatment B. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 10) and Day 20

Intervention	Millimoles per liter (Mean)
	Glucose	Carbon Dioxide	Cholesterol	Triglycerides	Anion Gap	Calcium	Chloride	Phosphate	Potassium	Sodium	Urea
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	-0.0833	-0.6	-0.1203	-0.0989	0.8	0.0000	-0.1	0.0840	-0.05	0.3	-0.3124

[back to top]

Treatment B: Change From Baseline in Platelet Count, Leukocyte Count, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameters: platelet count, leukocyte count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 10), before the first dose of Treatment B. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 10) and Day 20

Intervention	10^9 cells per liter (Mean)
	Platelet count	Leukocyte count	Neutrophils	Lymphocytes	Monocytes	Eosinophils	Basophils
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	-4.1	-0.51	-0.4750	-0.0610	-0.0080	0.0310	0.0020

[back to top]

Treatment B: Change From Baseline in SBP and DBP

SBP and DBP were measured in the supine position after at least 5 minutes of rest for the participant in a quiet setting without distractions. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 11, Pre-Dose), before the first dose in Treatment B. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 11, Pre-Dose) and Day 20

Intervention	Millimeters of mercury (Mean)
	SBP	DBP
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	-0.5	-2.0

[back to top]

AUC(0-t) for Alpha-hydroxymetoprolol

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of alpha-hydroxymetoprolol. Alpha-hydroxymetoprolol is a metabolite of metoprolol. The AUC(0-t) was determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for each incremental trapezoid and the log trapezoidal rule for each decremental trapezoid. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	h*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	531.3
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	487.9

[back to top]

Treatment C: Absolute Values for ECG Parameters: PR Interval, QRS Duration, QT Interval, QTcF Interval

Twelve-lead ECGs were obtained to measure PR Interval, QRS Duration, QT Interval and QTcF Interval. Twelve-lead ECGs were performed with the participant in a supine position after a rest of at least 10 minutes. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 21, Pre-Dose), before the first dose in Treatment C. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 21, Pre-Dose), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	Milliseconds (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 21, Pre-dose): PR Interval	Day 22: PR Interval	Day 25: PR Interval	Baseline (Day 21, Pre-dose): QRS Duration	Day 22: QRS Duration	Day 25: QRS Duration	Baseline (Day 21, Pre-dose): QT Interval	Day 22: QT Interval	Day 25: QT Interval	Baseline (Day 21, Pre-dose): QTcF Interval	Day 22: QTcF Interval	Day 25: QTcF Interval
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	160.8	162.3	159.6	95.8	98.7	96.8	402.6	420.6	398.7	408.7	407.3	402.5

[back to top]

Treatment C: Absolute Values of Albumin, Globulin, Protein

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: albumin, globulin and protein. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 20), before the dose of Treatment C. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 20), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	Grams per liter (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 20): Albumin	Day 22: Albumin	Day 25: Albumin	Baseline (Day 20): Globulin	Day 22: Globulin	Day 25: Globulin	Baseline (Day 20): Protein	Day 22: Protein	Day 25: Protein
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	41.6	40.5	42.0	26.9	25.1	26.6	68.5	65.6	68.6

[back to top]

Treatment C: Absolute Values of Amylase, Lipase

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: amylase and lipase. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 20), before the dose of Treatment C. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 20), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	Units per liter (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 20): Lipase	Day 22: Lipase	Day 25: Lipase	Baseline (Day 20): Amylase	Day 22: Amylase	Day 25: Amylase
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	32.9	33.5	33.1	62.2	64.7	60.7

[back to top]

Treatment C: Absolute Values of Creatine Kinase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, ALT, ALP, AST, Gamma-glutamyl Transferase

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, ALT, ALP, AST, gamma-glutamyl transferase. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 20), before the dose of Treatment C. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 20), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	International units per liter (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 20): Creatine kinase	Day 22: Creatine kinase	Day 25: Creatine kinase	Baseline (Day 20): Lactate dehydrogenase	Day 22: Lactate dehydrogenase	Day 25: Lactate dehydrogenase	Baseline (Day 20): ALT	Day 22: ALT	Day 25: ALT	Baseline (Day 20): ALP	Day 22: ALP	Day 25:ALP	Baseline (Day 20): AST	Day 22: AST	Day 25: AST	Baseline (Day 20): Gamma-glutamyl transferase	Day 22: Gamma-glutamyl transferase	Day 25: Gamma-glutamyl transferase
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	71.3	65.7	63.8	116.6	120.6	119.3	20.4	17.3	20.9	58.5	57.6	58.6	16.2	14.7	16.4	18.5	17.1	18.7

[back to top]

Treatment C: Absolute Values of Erythrocytes

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: erythrocytes. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 20), before the dose of Treatment C. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 20), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	10^12 cells per liter (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 20)	Day 22	Day 25
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	4.769	4.608	4.756

[back to top]

Treatment C: Absolute Values of Erythrocytes Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: erythrocytes mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 20), before the dose of Treatment C. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 20), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	Picograms (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 20)	Day 22	Day 25
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	29.51	29.28	29.12

[back to top]

Treatment C: Absolute Values of Erythrocytes Mean Corpuscular Volume

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: erythrocytes mean corpuscular volume. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 20), before the dose of Treatment C. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 20), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	Femtoliter (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 20)	Day 22	Day 25
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	89.03	87.38	87.74

[back to top]

Treatment C: Absolute Values of Glucose, Carbon Dioxide, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Anion Gap, Calcium, Chloride, Phosphate, Potassium, Sodium, Urea

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: glucose, carbon dioxide, cholesterol, triglycerides, anion gap, calcium, chloride, phosphate, potassium, sodium and urea. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 20), before the dose of Treatment C. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 20), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	Millimoles per liter (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 20): Glucose	Day 22: Glucose	Day 25: Glucose	Baseline (Day 20): Carbon Dioxide	Day 22: Carbon Dioxide	Day 25: Carbon Dioxide	Baseline (Day 20): Cholesterol	Day 22: Cholesterol	Day 25: Cholesterol	Baseline (Day 20): Triglycerides	Day 22: Triglycerides	Day 25: Triglycerides	Baseline (Day 20): Anion Gap	Day 22: Anion Gap	Day 25: Anion Gap	Baseline (Day 20): Calcium	Day 22: Calcium	Day 25: Calcium	Baseline (Day 20): Chloride	Day 22: Chloride	Day 25: Chloride	Baseline (Day 20): Phosphate	Day 22: Phosphate	Day 25: Phosphate	Baseline (Day 20): Potassium	Day 22: Potassium	Day 25: Potassium	Baseline (Day 20): Sodium	Day 22: Sodium	Day 25: Sodium	Baseline (Day 20): Urea	Day 22: Urea	Day 25: Urea
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	4.7184	4.8060	4.8703	24.9	25.4	26.2	3.6898	3.2543	3.3972	1.0783	1.0836	1.1074	14.6	13.9	14.5	2.3217	2.2810	2.3519	103.4	104.8	102.6	1.2661	1.1981	1.3477	4.38	4.34	4.35	138.6	139.8	139.0	5.7364	4.9078	5.3099

[back to top]

Treatment C: Absolute Values of Hematocrit

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: hematocrit. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 20), before the dose of Treatment C. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 20), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	Proportion of red blood cells in blood (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 20)	Day 22	Day 25
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	0.4239	0.4022	0.4168

[back to top]

Treatment C: Absolute Values of Hemoglobin

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: hemoglobin. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 20), before the dose of Treatment C. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 20), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	Grams per liter (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 20)	Day 22	Day 25
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	140.6	134.7	138.3

[back to top]

Treatment C: Absolute Values of Oral Temperature

Oral temperature was measured in the supine position after at least 5 minutes of rest for the participant in a quiet setting without distractions. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 21, Pre-Dose), before the first dose in Treatment C. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 21, Pre-Dose), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	Degrees Celsius (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 21, Pre-dose)	Day 22	Day 25
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	36.31	36.18	36.31

[back to top]

Treatment C: Absolute Values of Platelet Count, Leukocyte Count, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameters: platelet count, leukocyte count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 20), before the dose of Treatment C. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 20), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	10^9 cells per liter (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 20): Platelet count	Day 22: Platelet count	Day 25: Platelet count	Baseline (Day 20): Leukocyte count	Day 22: Leukocyte count	Day 25: Leukocyte count	Baseline (Day 20): Neutrophils	Day 22: Neutrophils	Day 25: Neutrophils	Baseline (Day 20): Lymphocytes	Day 22: Lymphocytes	Day 25: Lymphocytes	Baseline (Day 20): Monocytes	Day 22: Monocytes	Day 25: Monocytes	Baseline (Day 20): Eosinophils	Day 22: Eosinophils	Day 25: Eosinophils	Baseline (Day 20): Basophils	Day 22: Basophils	Day 25: Basophils
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	262.3	249.2	260.7	5.86	5.81	5.98	3.3179	3.1925	3.4529	1.8437	1.8787	1.9280	0.4505	0.4689	0.3576	0.1953	0.2282	0.1837	0.0474	0.0380	0.0408

[back to top]

Treatment C: Absolute Values of Pulse Rate

Pulse rate was measured in the supine position after at least 5 minutes of rest for the participant in a quiet setting without distractions. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 21, Pre-Dose), before the first dose in Treatment C. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 21, Pre-Dose), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	Beats per minute (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 21, Pre-dose)	Day 22	Day 25
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	63.2	56.2	61.7

[back to top]

Treatment C: Absolute Values of Respiratory Rate

Respiratory rate was measured in the supine position after at least 5 minutes of rest for the participant in a quiet setting without distractions. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 21, Pre-Dose), before the first dose in Treatment C. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 21, Pre-Dose), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	Breaths per minute (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 21, Pre-dose)	Day 22	Day 25
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	15.7	15.7	16.5

[back to top]

Treatment C: Absolute Values of SBP and DBP

SBP and DBP were measured in the supine position after at least 5 minutes of rest for the participant in a quiet setting without distractions. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 21, Pre-Dose), before the first dose in Treatment C. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 21, Pre-Dose), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	Millimeters of mercury (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 21, Pre-dose): SBP	Day 22: SBP	Day 25: SBP	Baseline (Day 21, Pre-dose): DBP	Day 22: DBP	Day 25: DBP
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	107.5	105.6	109.7	62.7	58.4	62.2

[back to top]

Treatment C: Absolute Values of Urate, Creatinine, Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: urate, creatinine, bilirubin and direct bilirubin. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 20), before the dose of Treatment C. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 20), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	Micromoles per liter (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 20): Urate	Day 22: Urate	Day 25: Urate	Baseline (Day 20): Creatinine	Day 22: Creatinine	Day 25: Creatinine	Baseline (Day 20): Bilirubin	Day 22: Bilirubin	Day 25: Bilirubin	Baseline (Day 20): Direct bilirubin	Day 22: Direct bilirubin	Day 25: Direct bilirubin
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	343.1057	303.0349	340.6013	92.1686	87.3764	90.5867	8.7480	9.8820	9.0360	1.8450	2.0790	1.9980

[back to top]

Treatment C: Change From Baseline in Albumin, Globulin, Protein

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: albumin, globulin and protein. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 20), before the dose of Treatment C. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 20), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	Grams per liter (Mean)
	Day 22: Albumin	Day 25: Albumin	Day 22: Globulin	Day 25: Globulin	Day 22: Protein	Day 25: Protein
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	-1.1	0.4	-1.8	-0.3	-2.9	0.2

[back to top]

Treatment C: Change From Baseline in Amylase, Lipase

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: amylase and lipase. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 20), before the dose of Treatment C. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 20), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	Units per liter (Mean)
	Day 22: Lipase	Day 25: Lipase	Day 22: Amylase	Day 25: Amylase
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	0.6	0.2	2.5	-1.5

[back to top]

Treatment C: Change From Baseline in Creatine Kinase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, ALT, ALP, AST, Gamma-glutamyl Transferase

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, ALT, ALP, AST, gamma-glutamyl transferase. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 20), before the dose of Treatment C. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 20), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	International units per liter (Mean)
	Day 22: Creatine kinase	Day 25: Creatine kinase	Day 22: Lactate dehydrogenase	Day 25: Lactate dehydrogenase	Day 22: ALT	Day 25: ALT	Day 22: ALP	Day 25:ALP	Day 22: AST	Day 25: AST	Day 22: Gamma-glutamyl transferase	Day 25: Gamma-glutamyl transferase
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	-5.6	-7.5	4.0	2.6	-3.1	0.5	-0.9	0.1	-1.5	0.2	-1.5	0.2

[back to top]

Treatment C: Change From Baseline in ECG Parameters: PR Interval, QRS Duration, QT Interval, QTcF

Twelve-lead ECGs were obtained to measure PR Interval, QRS Duration, QT Interval and QTcF Interval. Twelve-lead ECGs were performed with the participant in a supine position after a rest of at least 10 minutes. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 21, Pre-Dose), before the first dose in Treatment C. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 21, Pre-Dose), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	Milliseconds (Mean)
	Day 22: PR Interval	Day 25: PR Interval	Day 22: QRS Duration	Day 25: QRS Duration	Day 22: QT Interval	Day 25: QT Interval	Day 22: QTcF Interval	Day 25: QTcF Interval
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	1.5	-1.2	2.9	1.0	18.0	-3.9	-1.4	-6.3

[back to top]

Treatment C: Change From Baseline in Erythrocytes

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: erythrocytes. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 20), before the dose of Treatment C. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 20), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	10^12 cells per liter (Mean)
	Day 22	Day 25
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	-0.161	-0.013

[back to top]

Treatment C: Change From Baseline in Erythrocytes Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: erythrocytes mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Baseline for treatment C was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 20), before the dose of Treatment C. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 20), Days 22 and 25

Intervention	Picograms (Mean)
	Day 22	Day 25
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	-0.23	-0.39

[back to top]

t1/2 for 36-hydroxymontelukast

Intervention	Hours (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	5.310
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	5.644

[back to top]

t1/2 for 5-hydroxyomeprazole

Intervention	Hours (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	1.580
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	1.569

[back to top]

t1/2 for Alpha-hydroxymetoprolol

Intervention	Hours (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	8.040
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	8.339

[back to top]

t1/2 for Digoxin

Intervention	Hours (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	40.279
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	38.784

[back to top]

t1/2 for Flurbiprofen

Intervention	Hours (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	6.123
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	6.088

[back to top]

t1/2 for Metoprolol

Intervention	Hours (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	4.872
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	5.342

[back to top]

t1/2 for Midazolam

Intervention	Hours (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	5.756
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	5.222

[back to top]

t1/2 for Montelukast

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for pharmacokinetic analysis of montelukast. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 1 and 3

Intervention	Hours (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	5.035
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	5.135

[back to top]

t1/2 for Omeprazole

Intervention	Hours (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	1.439
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	1.219

[back to top]

t1/2 for Pravastatin

Intervention	Hours (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	3.189
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	3.156

[back to top]

Time to Cmax (Tmax) for Caffeine

Intervention	Hours (Median)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	2.000
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	3.000

[back to top]

Tmax for 1-hydroxymidazolam

Intervention	Hours (Median)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	1.000
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	1.000

[back to top]

Tmax for 36-hydroxymontelukast

Intervention	Hours (Median)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	6.000
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	6.000

[back to top]

Tmax for 5-hydroxyomeprazole

Intervention	Hours (Median)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	6.000
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	6.000

[back to top]

Tmax for Alpha-hydroxymetoprolol

Intervention	Hours (Median)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	3.033
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	4.000

[back to top]

Tmax for Digoxin

Intervention	Hours (Median)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	3.000
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	2.000

[back to top]

Tmax for Flurbiprofen

Intervention	Hours (Median)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	3.000
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	4.000

[back to top]

Tmax for Metoprolol

Intervention	Hours (Median)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	2.000
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	3.000

[back to top]

Tmax for Midazolam

Intervention	Hours (Median)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	1.000
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	1.000

[back to top]

Tmax for Montelukast

Intervention	Hours (Median)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	5.000
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	6.000

[back to top]

Tmax for Omeprazole

Intervention	Hours (Median)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	6.000
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	6.000

[back to top]

Tmax for Pravastatin

Intervention	Hours (Median)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	1.500
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	3.000

[back to top]

Treatment A: Change From Baseline in Erythrocytes

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: erythrocytes. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day -1), before the dose of Treatment A. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 10

Intervention	10^12 cells per liter (Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	-0.172

[back to top]

Treatment A: Change From Baseline in Erythrocytes Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: erythrocytes mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day -1), before the dose of Treatment A. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 10

Intervention	Picograms (Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	0.20

[back to top]

Treatment A: Change From Baseline in Erythrocytes Mean Corpuscular Volume

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: erythrocytes mean corpuscular volume. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day -1), before the dose of Treatment A. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 10

Intervention	Femtoliter (Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	1.31

[back to top]

Treatment A: Change From Baseline in Hematocrit

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: hematocrit. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day -1), before the dose of Treatment A. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 10

Intervention	Proportion of red blood cells in blood (Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	-0.0090

[back to top]

Treatment A: Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: hemoglobin. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day -1), before the dose of Treatment A. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 10

Intervention	Grams per liter (Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	-4.2

[back to top]

Treatment A: Change From Baseline in Oral Temperature

Oral temperature was measured in the supine position after at least 5 minutes of rest for the participant in a quiet setting without distractions. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 1, Pre-Dose), before the dose in Treatment A. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1, Pre-dose) and Day 10

Intervention	Degrees Celsius (Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	-0.12

[back to top]

Treatment A: Change From Baseline in Pulse Rate

Pulse rate was measured in the supine position after at least 5 minutes of rest for the participant in a quiet setting without distractions. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 1, Pre-Dose), before the dose in Treatment A. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1, Pre-dose) and Day 10

Intervention	Beats per minute (Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	0.5

[back to top]

Treatment A: Change From Baseline in Respiratory Rate

Respiratory rate was measured in the supine position after at least 5 minutes of rest for the participant in a quiet setting without distractions. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 1, Pre-Dose), before the dose in Treatment A. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1, Pre-dose) and Day 2

Intervention	Breaths per minute (Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	-0.3

[back to top]

Cmax for Montelukast

Intervention	Nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	379.8
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	393.5

[back to top]

Treatment B: Change From Baseline in Erythrocytes Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: erythrocytes mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 10), before the first dose of Treatment B. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 10) and Day 20

Intervention	Picograms (Mean)
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	-0.05

[back to top]

Treatment B: Change From Baseline in Erythrocytes Mean Corpuscular Volume

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: erythrocytes mean corpuscular volume. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 10), before the first dose of Treatment B. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 10) and Day 20

Intervention	Femtoliter (Mean)
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	0.94

[back to top]

Treatment B: Change From Baseline in Hematocrit

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: hematocrit. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 10), before the first dose of Treatment B. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 10) and Day 20

Intervention	Proportion of red blood cells in blood (Mean)
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	0.0118

[back to top]

Treatment B: Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: hemoglobin. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 10), before the first dose of Treatment B. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 10) and Day 20

Intervention	Grams per liter (Mean)
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	2.3

[back to top]

Treatment B: Change From Baseline in Oral Temperature

Oral temperature was measured in the supine position after at least 5 minutes of rest for the participant in a quiet setting without distractions. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 11, Pre-Dose), before the first dose in Treatment B. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 11, Pre-Dose) and Day 20

Intervention	Degrees Celsius (Mean)
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	-0.03

[back to top]

Treatment B: Change From Baseline in Pulse Rate

Pulse rate was measured in the supine position after at least 5 minutes of rest for the participant in a quiet setting without distractions. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 11, Pre-Dose), before the first dose in Treatment B. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 11, Pre-Dose) and Day 20

Intervention	Beats per minute (Mean)
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	1.3

[back to top]

Treatment B: Change From Baseline in Respiratory Rate

Respiratory rate was measured in the supine position after at least 5 minutes of rest for the participant in a quiet setting without distractions. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 11, Pre-Dose), before the first dose in Treatment B. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 11, Pre-Dose) and Day 20

Intervention	Breaths per minute (Mean)
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	-0.3

[back to top]

Treatment C: AUC From Time Zero to the End of the Dosing Interval at Steady State (AUC[0-tau]) for GSK3640254

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for steady-state pharmacokinetic analysis of GSK3640254. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and at 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 3

Intervention	h*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	22920

[back to top]

Treatment C: AUC(0-t) for GSK3640254

Blood samples were collected at the indicated time points for steady-state pharmacokinetic analysis of GSK3640254. The AUC(0-t) was determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for each incremental trapezoid and the log trapezoidal rule for each decremental trapezoid. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and at 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours post-dose in treatment period 3

Intervention	h*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	51840

[back to top]

Treatment C: Cmax for GSK3640254

Intervention	ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	1450

[back to top]

Treatment C: Plasma Concentration at the End of the Dosing Interval (Ctau) for GSK3640254

Intervention	ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	729.5

[back to top]

Treatment C: t1/2 for GSK3640254

Intervention	Hours (Geometric Mean)
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	29.556

[back to top]

Treatment C: Tmax for GSK3640254

Intervention	Hours (Median)
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	4.500

[back to top]

Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study participant, temporally associated with the use of a study intervention, whether or not considered related to the study intervention. SAE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose, results in death, was life-threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect and other situations according to medical or scientific judgement. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Up to Day 26

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	AEs	SAEs
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	1	0
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	5	0
Treatment C: Probe Substrates + GSK3640254 200 mg	5	0

[back to top]

Treatment A: Absolute Values for Electrocardiogram (ECG) Parameters: PR Interval, QRS Duration, QT Interval, Corrected QT Interval Using Fridericia's Formula (QTcF)

Twelve-lead ECGs were obtained to measure PR Interval, QRS Duration, QT Interval and QTcF Interval. Twelve-lead ECGs were performed with the participant in a supine position after a rest of at least 10 minutes. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 1, Pre-Dose), before the dose in Treatment A. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1, Pre-Dose) and Day 10

Intervention	Milliseconds (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 1, Pre-dose): PR Interval	Day 10: PR Interval	Baseline (Day 1, Pre-dose): QRS Duration	Day 10: QRS Duration	Baseline (Day 1, Pre-dose): QT Interval	Day 10: QT Interval	Baseline (Day 1, Pre-dose): QTcF Interval	Day 10: QTcF Interval
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	154.8	158.2	92.5	95.0	391.2	398.3	401.0	405.8

[back to top]

Treatment A: Absolute Values of Albumin, Globulin, Protein

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: albumin, globulin and protein. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day -1), before the dose of Treatment A. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 10

Intervention	Grams per liter (Mean)
	Baseline (Day -1): Albumin	Day 10: Albumin	Baseline (Day -1): Globulin	Day 10: Globulin	Baseline (Day -1): Protein	Day 10: Protein
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	42.9	42.2	27.4	25.9	70.3	68.1

[back to top]

Treatment A: Absolute Values of Amylase, Lipase

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: amylase and lipase. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day -1), before the dose of Treatment A. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 10

Intervention	Units per liter (Mean)
	Baseline (Day -1): Lipase	Day 10: Lipase	Baseline (Day -1): Amylase	Day 10: Amylase
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	29.4	31.6	59.5	56.9

[back to top]

Treatment A: Absolute Values of Creatine Kinase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Gamma-glutamyl Transferase

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, ALT, ALP, AST and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day -1), before the dose of Treatment A. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 10

Intervention	International units per liter (Mean)
	Baseline (Day -1): Creatine kinase	Day 10: Creatine kinase	Baseline (Day -1): Lactate dehydrogenase	Day 10: Lactate dehydrogenase	Baseline (Day -1): ALT	Day 10: ALT	Baseline (Day -1): ALP	Day 10: ALP	Baseline (Day -1): AST	Day 10: AST	Baseline (Day -1): Gamma-glutamyl transferase	Day 10: Gamma-glutamyl transferase
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	103.7	66.9	131.3	114.8	15.6	20.1	62.7	60.8	14.6	15.6	19.1	18.9

[back to top]

Treatment A: Absolute Values of Erythrocytes

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: erythrocytes. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day -1), before the dose of Treatment A. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 10

Intervention	10^12 cells per liter (Mean)
	Baseline (Day -1)	Day 10
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	4.836	4.664

[back to top]

Treatment A: Absolute Values of Erythrocytes Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: erythrocytes mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day -1), before the dose of Treatment A. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 10

Intervention	Picograms (Mean)
	Baseline (Day -1)	Day 10
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	29.37	29.57

[back to top]

Treatment A: Absolute Values of Erythrocytes Mean Corpuscular Volume

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: erythrocytes mean corpuscular volume. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day -1), before the dose of Treatment A. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 10

Intervention	Femtoliter (Mean)
	Baseline (Day -1)	Day 10
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	86.71	88.02

[back to top]

Treatment A: Absolute Values of Glucose, Carbon Dioxide, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Anion Gap, Calcium, Chloride, Phosphate, Potassium, Sodium, Urea

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: glucose, carbon dioxide, cholesterol, triglycerides, anion gap, calcium, chloride, phosphate, potassium, sodium, urea. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day -1), before the dose of Treatment A. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 10

Intervention	Millimoles per liter (Mean)
	Baseline (Day -1): Glucose	Day 10: Glucose	Baseline (Day -1): Carbon Dioxide	Day 10: Carbon Dioxide	Baseline (Day -1): Cholesterol	Day 10: Cholesterol	Baseline (Day -1): Triglycerides	Day 10: Triglycerides	Baseline (Day -1): Anion Gap	Day 10: Anion Gap	Baseline (Day -1): Calcium	Day 10: Calcium	Baseline (Day -1): Chloride	Day 10: Chloride	Baseline (Day -1): Phosphate	Day 10: Phosphate	Baseline (Day -1): Potassium	Day 10: Potassium	Baseline (Day -1): Sodium	Day 10: Sodium	Baseline (Day -1): Urea	Day 10: Urea
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	5.0348	4.8211	104.1	25.4	4.4570	3.8118	1.2232	1.1814	7.9	13.8	2.3765	2.3141	25.8	103.7	1.1075	1.1754	4.48	4.43	137.7	138.4	4.8195	5.9458

[back to top]

Treatment A: Absolute Values of Hematocrit

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: hematocrit. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day -1), before the dose of Treatment A. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 10

Intervention	Proportion of red blood cells in blood (Mean)
	Baseline (Day -1)	Day 10
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	0.4188	0.4098

[back to top]

Treatment A: Absolute Values of Hemoglobin

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: hemoglobin. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day -1), before the dose of Treatment A. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 10

Intervention	Grams per liter (Mean)
	Baseline (Day -1)	Day 10
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	141.9	137.7

[back to top]

Treatment A: Absolute Values of Oral Temperature

Oral temperature was measured in the supine position after at least 5 minutes of rest for the participant in a quiet setting without distractions. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 1, Pre-Dose), before the dose in Treatment A. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1, Pre-dose) and Day 10

Intervention	Degrees Celsius (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 1, Pre-dose)	Day 10
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	36.38	36.26

[back to top]

Treatment A: Absolute Values of Platelet Count, Leukocyte Count, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameters: platelet count, leukocyte count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day -1), before the dose of Treatment A. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 10

Intervention	10^9 cells per liter (Mean)
	Baseline (Day -1): Platelet count	Day 10: Platelet count	Baseline (Day -1): Leukocyte count	Day 10: Leukocyte count	Baseline (Day -1): Neutrophils	Day 10: Neutrophils	Baseline (Day -1): Lymphocytes	Day 10: Lymphocytes	Baseline (Day -1): Monocytes	Day 10: Monocytes	Baseline (Day -1): Eosinophils	Day 10: Eosinophils	Baseline (Day -1): Basophils	Day 10: Basophils
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	258.6	265.9	5.64	6.30	3.1504	3.7430	1.8217	1.8965	0.4890	0.4515	0.1461	0.1610	0.0331	0.0440

[back to top]

Treatment A: Absolute Values of Pulse Rate

Pulse rate was measured in the supine position after at least 5 minutes of rest for the participant in a quiet setting without distractions. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 1, Pre-Dose), before the dose in Treatment A. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1, Pre-dose) and Day 10

Intervention	Beats per minute (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 1, Pre-dose)	Day 10
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	64.5	65.0

[back to top]

Treatment A: Absolute Values of Respiratory Rate

Respiratory rate was measured in the supine position after at least 5 minutes of rest for the participant in a quiet setting without distractions. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 1, Pre-Dose), before the dose in Treatment A. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1, Pre-dose) and Day 2

Intervention	Breaths per minute (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 1, Pre-dose)	Day 2
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	16.1	15.8

[back to top]

Treatment A: Absolute Values of Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)

SBP and DBP were measured in the supine position after at least 5 minutes of rest for the participant in a quiet setting without distractions. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 1, Pre-Dose), before the dose in Treatment A. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1, Pre-dose) and Day 10

Intervention	Millimeters of mercury (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 1, Pre-dose): SBP	Day 10: SBP	Baseline (Day 1, Pre-dose): DBP	Day 10: DBP
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	111.0	107.7	65.1	59.7

[back to top]

Treatment A: Absolute Values of Urate, Creatinine, Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin

Blood samples were collected to analyze the chemistry parameters: urate, creatinine, bilirubin and direct bilirubin. Baseline for treatment A was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day -1), before the dose of Treatment A. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 10

Intervention	Micromoles per liter (Mean)
	Baseline (Day -1): Urate	Day 10: Urate	Baseline (Day -1): Creatinine	Day 10: Creatinine	Baseline (Day -1): Bilirubin	Day 10: Bilirubin	Baseline (Day -1): Direct bilirubin	Day 10: Direct bilirubin
Treatment A: Probe Substrates	347.3632	365.5046	84.9524	86.4110	9.8325	8.0028	2.0520	1.7015

[back to top]

Treatment B: Change From Baseline in Erythrocytes

Blood samples were collected to analyze the hematology parameter: erythrocytes. Baseline for treatment B was defined as the latest pre-dose assessment with a non-missing value, including those from unscheduled visits (Day 10), before the first dose of Treatment B. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the post-dose visit value. (NCT04425902)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 10) and Day 20

Intervention	10^12 cells per liter (Mean)
Treatment B: GSK3640254 200 mg	0.083

[back to top]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
ethylene dichloride ethylene dichloride: RN given refers to 1,2-isomer; structure given in first source. 1,2-dichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes substituted by two chloro groups at positions 1 and 2.	2.46	2	0	chloroethanes	hepatotoxic agent; mutagen; non-polar solvent
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	3.7	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.	2.46	2	0	ethanediol; glycol	metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	3	4	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
acetamide acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.	2.05	1	0	acetamides; carboximidic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia
adenine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
allantoin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; ureas	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; vulnerary
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	2.94	1	0	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	2.45	2	0	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.	4.1	4	0	amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative	fundamental metabolite
carbamates [no description available]	4.14	3	1	amino-acid anion
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	2.02	1	0	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
carnitine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
choline [no description available]	2.03	1	0	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	2.73	3	0	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	2.06	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative	2.07	1	0	coumarins	fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	2.05	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
4-aminophenol 4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.	2.05	1	0	aminophenol	allergen; metabolite
bupropion Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	9.45	6	0	aromatic ketone; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
aminocaproic acid Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.	4.4	6	0	amino acid zwitterion; epsilon-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid	antifibrinolytic drug; hematologic agent; metabolite
creatine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.2	5	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	2.81	3	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
ethanolamine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	ethanolamines; primary alcohol; primary amine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	3.03	4	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hexachlorocyclohexane Lindane: An organochlorine insecticide made up of greater than 99% gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane. It has been used as a pediculicide and scabicide, and shown to cause cancer.. beta-hexachlorocyclohexane : The beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane.	2.46	2	0	chlorocyclohexane
glycine [no description available]	2.47	2	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	3.01	4	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
histamine [no description available]	6.99	14	6	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
hydroquinone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzenediol; hydroquinones	antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent
malonic acid malonic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.. dicarboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.	7.05	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	human metabolite
racemethionine Racemethionine: A preparation of METHIONINE that includes a mixture of D-methionine and L-methionine isomers.	2.6	1	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; sulfur-containing amino acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	2.75	3	0	cyclitol; hexol
melatonin [no description available]	7.77	3	0	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	2.05	1	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.	4.56	7	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3	antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	2.01	1	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitric acid Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nitric acid : A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.	1.99	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid	protic solvent; reagent
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.44	2	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
orotic acid Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.	2.05	1	0	pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	2.05	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
phenol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenylacetic acid phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.	2.05	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid; phenylacetic acids	allergen; Aspergillus metabolite; auxin; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; toxin
pyrazinamide pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.	4.56	7	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia; pyrazines	antitubercular agent; prodrug
pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.	2.05	1	0	methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate	coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).	4.08	4	0	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
quinolinic acid Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan.	7.05	1	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).	2.05	1	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
sulfur dioxide Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.	8.39	1	1	sulfur oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; food bleaching agent; refrigerant
thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.	4.08	4	0	primary alcohol; vitamin B1	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder	2.05	1	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	2.06	1	0	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	2.05	1	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
catechin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydroxyflavan
menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.	2.05	1	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol	volatile oil component
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.	2.04	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-arylpiperazine	drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; serotonergic agonist; xenobiotic
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	2.13	1	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
n-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine N-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine: structure in first source. N-[3-(aminomethyl)benzyl]acetamidine : An aralkylamine that is Nbenzylacetamidine substituted at position 3 on the benzene ring by an aminomethyl group. An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase.	2.08	1	0	aralkylamine; carboxamidine; primary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector
2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.	2.46	2	0	dinitrophenol	allergen; antiseptic drug; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; geroprotector; oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
3-methylcholanthrene Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.	2.05	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent
enprofylline enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.	2.45	2	0	oxopurine	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
phenytoin [no description available]	4.66	8	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid: A 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acid containing 4 alkyne bonds. It inhibits the enzymatic conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins E(2) and F(2a).	2.02	1	0	long-chain fatty acid
tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	3.31	6	0	acridines; aromatic amine	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
aa 861 2,3,5-trimethyl-6-(12-hydroxy-5,10-dodecadiynyl)-1,4-benzoquinone: structure given in first source. docebenone : A member of the class of benzoquinones that is p-benzoquinone in which the hydrogens are substituted by three methyl groups and a 12-hydroxydodeca-5,10-diyn-1-yl group.	2.03	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; acetylenic compound; primary alcohol	EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor
acebutolol Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.	4.26	5	0	aromatic amide; ethanolamines; ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	10.11	13	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	4.41	6	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohexamide Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group.	2.75	3	0	acetophenones; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
acetohydroxamic acid acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.59	2	0	acetohydroxamic acids; carbohydroximic acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
alaproclate alaproclate: specific 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitors; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer	3.59	2	0	alpha-amino acid ester
albendazole [no description available]	9.28	5	0	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	anthelminthic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	17.4	124	59	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
alendronate alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.	4.25	5	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); primary amino compound	bone density conservation agent; EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
alfuzosin alfuzosin: structure given in first source	3.86	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; quinazolines; tetrahydrofuranol	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent
alosetron alosetron : A pyrido[4,3-b]indole compound having a 5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl group at the 2-position.	3.85	3	0	imidazoles; pyridoindole	antiemetic; gastrointestinal drug; serotonergic antagonist
alprazolam Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.	4.08	4	0	organochlorine compound; triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant; sedative; xenobiotic
alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.	2.74	3	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
altretamine Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine.	3.59	2	0	triamino-1,3,5-triazine
amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source	4.55	7	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic
ambenonium ambenonium : A symmetrical oxalamide-based bis-quaternary ammonium ion having ethyl and 2-chlorobenzyl groups attached to the nitrogens.	3.23	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
ambroxol Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amine
diatrizoic acid Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.	3.58	2	0	acetamides; benzoic acids; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
amifostine anhydrous Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.	3.59	2	0	diamine; organic thiophosphate	antioxidant; prodrug; radiation protective agent
aminoglutethimide Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.	2.75	3	0	dicarboximide; piperidones; substituted aniline	adrenergic agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.	2.05	1	0	guanidines; one-carbon compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.	3.23	1	0	N-acylglycine	Daphnia magna metabolite
theophylline [no description available]	11.76	31	12	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.	5.03	12	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiovascular drug
dan 2163 [no description available]	2.46	2	0	aromatic amide; aromatic amine; benzamides; pyrrolidines; sulfone	environmental contaminant; second generation antipsychotic; xenobiotic
amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.	4.41	6	0	carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic
amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.	4.41	6	0	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
amobarbital Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
amodiaquine Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.	2.75	3	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; phenols; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
amoxapine Amoxapine: The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression.. amoxapine : A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position.	4.09	4	0	dibenzooxazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; dopaminergic antagonist; geroprotector; serotonin uptake inhibitor
amsacrine Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.	2.75	3	0	acridines; aromatic ether; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
anastrozole [no description available]	3.85	3	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
anethole trithione Anethole Trithione: Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers.	2.05	1	0	methoxybenzenes
anthralin Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.	2.05	1	0	anthracenes	antipsoriatic
antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.	3.14	5	0	pyrazolone	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	10.26	31	10	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
astemizole Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.	3.89	4	0	benzimidazoles; piperidines	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; H1-receptor antagonist
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	4.54	7	0	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.	4.78	9	0	aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
azelastine azelastine: azeptin is azelastine hydrochloride; structure; eye drop formulation effective in relieving symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis; do not confuse with 5-loxin which is an extract of Boswellia. azelastine : A phthalazine compound having an oxo substituent at the 1-position, a 1-methylazepan-4-yl group at the 2-position and a 4-chlorobenzyl substituent at the 4-position.	5.1	5	2	monochlorobenzenes; phthalazines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
baclofen [no description available]	3.59	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant
barbital 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid).	2.05	1	0	barbiturates	drug allergen
bendazac bendazac : A monocarboxylic acid that is glycolic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the 2-hydroxy group is replaced by a 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl group. Although it has anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties and has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders, its principal effect is to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Its lysine salt is used in the management of cataracts.	3.87	3	0	indazoles; monocarboxylic acid	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger
bendroflumethiazide Bendroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810). bendroflumethiazide : A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group.	3.23	1	0	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
benzbromarone Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.	4.56	7	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone	uricosuric drug
diminazene Diminazene: An effective trypanocidal agent.. diminazene : A triazene derivative that is triazene in which each of the terminal nitrogens is substituted by a 4-carbamimidoylphenyl group.	3.19	1	0	carboxamidine; triazene derivative	antiparasitic agent; trypanocidal drug
betaxolol [no description available]	4.27	5	0	propanolamine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bethanechol Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.	3.59	2	0	carbamate ester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscarinic agonist
bevantolol bevantolol: structure given in first source. bevantolol : A propanolamine that is 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by 3-methylphenyl and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl. A beta1 adrenoceptor antagonist, it has been shown to be as effective as other beta-blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.	2.45	2	0	propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; calcium channel blocker
bicalutamide bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.	4.43	6	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; sulfone; tertiary alcohol
bay h 4502 bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1.	2.05	1	0	biphenyls; imidazoles
biperiden Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.	4.27	5	0	piperidines; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antidote to sarin poisoning; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
bisacodyl Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)	3.23	1	0	diarylmethane
bisbenzimidazole Bisbenzimidazole: A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis.	2.03	1	0	bibenzimidazole; N-methylpiperazine	anthelminthic drug; fluorochrome
bisindolylmaleimide i bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide	2.04	1	0
bisoprolol Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.	4.41	6	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bithionol Bithionol: Halogenated anti-infective agent that is used against trematode and cestode infestations.. bithionol : An aryl sulfide that is diphenyl sulfide in which each phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by hydroxy and at positions 3 and 5 by chlorine. A fungicide and anthelmintic, it was used in various topical drug products for the treatment of liver flukes, but withdrawn after being shown to be a potent photosensitizer with the potential to cause serious skin disorders.	2.46	2	0	aryl sulfide; bridged diphenyl antifungal drug; bridged diphenyl fungicide; dichlorobenzene; organochlorine pesticide; polyphenol	antifungal agrochemical; antiplatyhelmintic drug
bromazepam Bromazepam: One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.	2.74	3	0	organic molecular entity
bromhexine Bromhexine: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744). bromhexine : A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum).	2.08	1	0	organobromine compound; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	mucolytic
bromopride bromopride: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.45	2	0	benzamides
bromisovalum Bromisovalum: A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.. bromisoval : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-bromisoval. It was previously used for its hypnotic and sedative properties but the use of bromides is now deprecated due to the possibility of the toxic accumulation of bromine in the body.. 2-bromo-N-carbamoyl-3-methylbutanamide : An N-acylurea that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 2-bromo-3-methybutanoyl group.	2.05	1	0	N-acylurea; organobromine compound
seratrodast [no description available]	3.86	3	0	organic molecular entity
brotizolam brotizolam: structure	2.45	2	0	organic molecular entity
buflomedil buflomedil: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym LL 1656 refers to HCl; structure	2.74	3	0	aromatic ketone
bumetanide [no description available]	4.66	8	0	amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide	diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
bunazosin bunazosin: structure	2.04	1	0	quinazolines
bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.	3.3	6	0	aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound
buspirone Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.	4.88	10	0	azaspiro compound; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organic heteropolycyclic compound; piperidones; pyrimidines	anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist
busulfan [no description available]	10.04	12	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; insect sterilant; teratogenic agent
secbutabarbital secbutabarbital: Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital) should be distinguished from Butobarbital	3.23	1	0	barbiturates
butalbital butalbital: management of butalbital withdrawal can be simplified by using a phenobarbital-loading protocol; RN given refers to parent cpd. butalbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by an allyl group and an isobutyl group. Frequently combined with other medicines, such as aspirin, paracetamol and codeine, it is used for treatment of pain and headache.	2.05	1	0	barbiturates	analgesic; sedative
caffeine [no description available]	4.86	10	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	4.54	7	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
metrizoate Metrizoic Acid: A diagnostic radiopaque that usually occurs as the sodium salt.	2.45	2	0	monocarboxylic acid	radioopaque medium
candesartan cilexetil candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects	2.44	2	0	biphenyls
candesartan candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.	9.57	7	0	benzimidazolecarboxylic acid; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	4.78	9	0	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
carbinoxamine carbinoxamine: Note: tradenames that start with Histex refer to more than one drug. carbinoxamine : An organochlorine compound that is 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyridine in which one of the benzylic hydrogens is substituted by 2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy group. It is an ethanolamine-type antihistamine, used as its maleate salt for treating hay fever, as well as mild cases of Parkinson's disease.	3.59	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
carisoprodol Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm.	3.59	2	0	carbamate ester	muscle relaxant
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	2.97	4	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
carprofen carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs.	2.05	1	0	carbazoles; organochlorine compound	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; photosensitizing agent
carvedilol [no description available]	4.41	6	0	carbazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
celecoxib [no description available]	4.44	6	0	organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cetirizine Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.	14.39	44	23	ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; piperazines	anti-allergic agent; environmental contaminant; H1-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
chelerythrine chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.	2.01	1	0	benzophenanthridine alkaloid; organic cation	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
chloral hydrate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aldehyde hydrate; ethanediol; organochlorine compound	general anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; sedative; xenobiotic
chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	4.41	6	0	aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
chlorcyclizine chlorcyclizine: was heading 1964-94 (Prov 1964-73); CHLOROCYCLIZINE & HISTACHLORAZINE were see CHLORCYCLIZINE 1977-94; use PIPERAZINES to search CHLORCYCLIZINE 1966-94; histamine H1-blocker used both orally and topically in allergies and also for the prevention of motion sickness	3.23	1	0	diarylmethane
chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.	4.26	5	0	benzodiazepine
chlormezanone Chlormezanone: A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.. chlormezanone : A 1,3-thiazine that is 1,3-thiazinan-4-one S,S-dioxide in which a hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by methyl. A non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxant, it was used in the management of anxiety and in the treatment of muscle spasms until being discontinued worldwide by its manufacturer in 1996, due to rare but serious cutaneous reactions.	3.87	3	0	1,3-thiazine; lactam; monochlorobenzenes; sulfone	antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; muscle relaxant
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	9.89	10	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chlorothiazide Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.	3.23	1	0	benzothiadiazine	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
chloroxylenol chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.	2.05	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; molluscicide
chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.	4.66	8	0	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	5.11	13	0	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.	4.87	10	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
chlorthalidone Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.	4.08	4	0	isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes; sulfonamide
chlorzoxazone Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.	4.26	5	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; heteroaryl hydroxy compound; organochlorine compound	muscle relaxant; sedative
cifenline [no description available]	2.74	3	0	diarylmethane
ciclopirox [no description available]	2.46	2	0	cyclic hydroxamic acid; hydroxypyridone antifungal drug; pyridone	antibacterial agent; antiseborrheic
ciglitazone ciglitazone: structure given in second source; PPAR agonist used for type II diabetes. ciglitazone : An aromatic ether that consists of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione with position 5 substituted by a 4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]benzyl group. A selective PPARgamma agonist.	2.46	2	0	aromatic ether; thiazolidinone	antineoplastic agent; insulin-sensitizing drug
cilostazol [no description available]	3.6	2	0	lactam; tetrazoles	anticoagulant; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; fibrin modulating drug; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	4.94	11	0	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
cinoxacin Cinoxacin: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.. cinoxacin : A member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections.	2.05	1	0	cinnolines; oxacycle; oxo carboxylic acid	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent
ciprofibrate [no description available]	2.75	3	0	cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	antilipemic drug
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	4.88	10	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
cisapride Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere.	2.97	4	0	benzamides
citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.	4.66	8	0	2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound
clenbuterol Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.05	1	0	amino alcohol; dichlorobenzene; ethanolamines; primary arylamine; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent
clioquinol Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	2.05	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; organochlorine compound; organoiodine compound	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; chelator; copper chelator
clobazam Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics.	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
clofazimine Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.	2.05	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenazines	dye; leprostatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate	4.67	8	0	aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist
clomiphene [no description available]	3.86	3	0	tertiary amine	estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.	4.08	4	0	dibenzoazepine	anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonazepam Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.	4.25	5	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; monochlorobenzenes	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	4.55	7	0	clonidine; imidazoline
chlorazepate clorazepic acid : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone in which the oxo group is at position 2, and which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by carboxy, phenyl and chloro groups, respectively.	3.58	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; prodrug
clotiazepam clotiazepam: was heading 1975-94 (see under AZEPINES 1978-90; was Y 6047 see under AZEPINES 1975-77); Y 6047 was see CLOTIAZEPAM 1978-94; use AZEPINES to search CLOTIAZEPAM 1975-94; thienodiazepine derivative with actions similar to those of benzodiazepines	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
clotrimazole [no description available]	4.56	7	0	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes	antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cromolyn cromoglycic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is the bis-chromone derivative of glycerol. It is effective as a mast cell stabilizer.	2.75	3	0	chromones; dicarboxylic acid	anti-asthmatic drug; calcium channel blocker
cyclandelate Cyclandelate: A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS.. cyclandelate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-tricyclohexanol. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels.	2.05	1	0	carboxylic ester; secondary alcohol	vasodilator agent
cyclobenzaprine cyclobenzaprine: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lisseril is synonymous for HCl; structure. cyclobenzaprine : 5-Methylidene-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene in which one of the hydrogens of the methylidene group is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.	3.23	1	0	carbotricyclic compound	antidepressant; muscle relaxant; tranquilizing drug
cyclofenil Cyclofenil: A gonadal stimulant and inducer of ovulation. It is used in the treatment of infertility and amenorrhea, but is thought to be less effective than CLOMIPHENE.	3.59	2	0	organic molecular entity
cyproheptadine Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.	6.46	4	1	piperidines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; gastrointestinal drug; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
danthron danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.	2.05	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
dapi DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.	3.19	1	0	indoles	fluorochrome
dapsone [no description available]	6.34	11	1	substituted aniline; sulfone	anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.	4.1	4	0	acyclic desferrioxamine	bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore
desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.	4.87	10	0	dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
nordazepam Nordazepam: An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.. nordazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; human metabolite; sedative
amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.	3.86	3	0	primary amine
eflornithine Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.	2.05	1	0	alpha-amino acid; fluoroamino acid	trypanocidal drug
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	4.54	7	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	4.26	5	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	10.17	14	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant
dichlorphenamide Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma.	3.23	1	0	dichlorobenzene; sulfonamide	antiglaucoma drug; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor; ophthalmology drug
dicyclomine Dicyclomine: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.. dicyclomine : The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.	3.23	1	0	carboxylic ester; tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
diethylcarbamazine Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.	2.46	2	0	N-carbamoylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine
pentetic acid Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.	3.23	1	0	pentacarboxylic acid	copper chelator
diflunisal Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.	4.54	7	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid; organofluorine compound	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dimercaprol Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.	3.86	3	0	dithiol; primary alcohol	chelator
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	7.01	13	1	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	9.46	6	0	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
disopyramide Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.	4.26	5	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
disulfiram [no description available]	4.43	6	0	organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	4.95	11	0	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
domperidone Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.	3.15	5	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist
donepezil Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.	4.09	4	0	aromatic ether; indanones; piperidines; racemate	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
doxapram Doxapram: A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225). doxapram : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering.	3.86	3	0	morpholines; pyrrolidin-2-ones	central nervous system stimulant
doxazosin Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.	3.85	3	0	aromatic amine; benzodioxine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; vasodilator agent
doxepin Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug.	4.91	6	0	dibenzooxepine; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant
doxylamine Doxylamine: Histamine H1 antagonist with pronounced sedative properties. It is used in allergies and as an antitussive, antiemetic, and hypnotic. Doxylamine has also been administered in veterinary applications and was formerly used in PARKINSONISM.	3.23	1	0	pyridines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antitussive; cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; sedative
droperidol Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon.	3.59	2	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound	anaesthesia adjuvant; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
dyphylline Dyphylline: A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.. dyphylline : An oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs.	3.86	3	0	oxopurine; propane-1,2-diols	bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
econazole Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.	2.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes
edrophonium Edrophonium: A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.. edrophonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.	3.23	1	0	phenols; quaternary ammonium ion	antidote; diagnostic agent; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
enflurane Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.	2.05	1	0	ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	anaesthetic
enoxacin Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.	2.45	2	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; amino acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	2.05	1	0
estazolam Estazolam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.. estazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a phenyl group at position 6 and a chloro substituent at position 8. A short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to diazepam, it is given by mouth as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia.	3.59	2	0	triazoles; triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
ethacrynic acid Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.	4.27	5	0	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic
ethosuximide Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.	3.86	3	0	dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector; T-type calcium channel blocker
ethotoin ethotoin: was heading 1966-94 (see under HYDANTOINS 1966-90); use HYDANTOINS to search ETHOTOIN 1966-94. ethotoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted by ethyl and phenyl at positions 3 and 5, respectively. An antiepileptic, it is less toxic than phenytoin but also less effective.	3.23	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant
ethoxzolamide Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; benzothiazoles; sulfonamide	antiglaucoma drug; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
etidronate Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.	3.87	3	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; chelator
etilefrine Etilefrine: A phenylephrine-related beta-1 adrenergic and alpha adrenergic agonist used as a cardiotonic and antihypotensive agent.	2.74	3	0	phenols
etodolac Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.	4.27	5	0	monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
brl 42810 [no description available]	3.85	3	0	2-aminopurines; acetate ester	antiviral drug; prodrug
famotidine Famotidine: A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.	4.37	4	1	1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide	anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group.	2.46	2	0	aromatic ether; hydrazone; nitrile; organofluorine compound	ATP synthase inhibitor; geroprotector; ionophore
felbamate Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy.	4.42	6	0	carbamate ester	anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent
felodipine Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.	9.41	6	0	dichlorobenzene; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
fenofibrate Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE	4.56	7	0	aromatic ether; chlorobenzophenone; isopropyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
fenoldopam Fenoldopam: A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.	3.23	1	0	benzazepine	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; dopamine agonist; dopaminergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
fenoprofen Fenoprofen: A propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.. fenoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 3-phenoxyphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the dihydrate form of the calcium salt is used for the management of mild to moderate pain and for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with disorders such as arthritis. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding.	4.1	4	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
berotek Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.	2.04	1	0	resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
fenspiride fenspiride: was heading 1975-94 (see under SPIRO COMPOUNDS 1975-90); use SPIRO COMPOUNDS to search FENSPIRIDE 1975-94; bronchodilator agent used in asthma	2.45	2	0	azaspiro compound
fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	2.74	3	0	anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
fexofenadine fexofenadine: a second generation antihistamine; metabolite of the antihistaminic drug terfenadine; structure in first source; RN refers to HCl. fexofenadine : A piperidine-based anti-histamine compound.	11.96	25	13	piperidines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist
fipexide fipexide: regulates dopaminergic systems at macromolecular level	4.28	5	0	benzodioxoles
flavoxate Flavoxate: A drug that has been used in various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic. Its therapeutic usefulness and its mechanism of action are not clear. It may have local anesthetic activity and direct relaxing effects on smooth muscle as well as some activity as a muscarinic antagonist.. flavoxate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid with 2-(1-piperidinyl)ethanol.	3.59	2	0	carboxylic ester; flavones; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
flecainide Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).	4.41	6	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; organofluorine compound; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug
fleroxacin Fleroxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.. fleroxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 by 2-fluoroethyl, carboxy, fluoro, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.	2.74	3	0	difluorobenzene; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-alkylpiperazine; quinolines	antibacterial drug; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	11.34	11	1	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
flucytosine Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.	4.66	8	0	aminopyrimidine; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine antifungal drug; pyrimidone	prodrug
flufenamic acid Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.	2.75	3	0	aromatic amino acid; organofluorine compound	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluphenazine [no description available]	3.57	2	0	N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	anticoronaviral agent; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.	4.54	7	0	ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound	antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist
flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.	2.45	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound; monofluorobenzenes	anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative
fluorescite fluorescein (acid form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent and commonly used as a fluorescent tracer.	3.58	2	0	benzoic acids; cyclic ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; phenols; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	4.53	7	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	4.56	7	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
flurazepam Flurazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.. flurazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group and chloro group at positions 1, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a partial agonist of GABAA receptors and used for the treatment of insomnia.	3.23	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative
flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.	4.43	6	0	fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluspirilene Fluspirilene: A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia.	2.46	2	0	diarylmethane
flutamide Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.	4.68	8	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
fomepizole Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4.	3.59	2	0	pyrazoles	antidote; EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor; protective agent
foscarnet Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.	4.41	6	0	carboxylic acid; one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
furafylline [no description available]	2.13	1	0	oxopurine
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	4.95	11	0	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.	7.2	10	3	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
gemfibrozil [no description available]	12.74	10	2	aromatic ether	antilipemic drug
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	7.08	1	0
glafenine Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market.	4.42	6	0	aminoquinoline; carboxylic ester; glycol; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gliclazide Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.	2.75	3	0	N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; radical scavenger
glimepiride glimepiride: structure given in first source	4.77	9	0	sulfonamide
glipizide Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	4.4	6	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-sulfonylurea; pyrazines	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
glutethimide Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.	2.75	3	0	piperidines
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	4.54	7	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid (1,1-dimethyl-3-pyrrolidin-1-iumyl) ester [no description available]	3.23	1	0	benzenes
gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.	2.05	1	0
granisetron [no description available]	4.54	7	0	aromatic amide; indazoles
guaiazulene guaiazulene: structure	2.05	1	0	sesquiterpene
guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.	3.6	2	0	methoxybenzenes
guanethidine Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.	3.89	3	0	azocanes; guanidines	adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; sympatholytic agent
guanfacine Guanfacine: A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.	4.08	4	0	acetamides
guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.	3.23	1	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound
fasudil fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.	2.05	1	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonyldiazepane	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; nootropic agent; vasodilator agent
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	4.77	9	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
halothane [no description available]	2.05	1	0	haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
hexachlorophene Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.	3	4	0	bridged diphenyl fungicide; polyphenol; trichlorobenzene	acaricide; antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug
miltefosine miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.	2.05	1	0	phosphocholines; phospholipid	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; apoptosis inducer; immunomodulator; protein kinase inhibitor
hexestrol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
hexetidine Hexetidine: A bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)	2.05	1	0	organic heteromonocyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.	2.74	3	0	barbiturates
hycanthone Hycanthone: Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.. hycanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel.	2.75	3	0	thioxanthenes	mutagen; schistosomicide drug
hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.	4.26	5	0	azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines	antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	4.41	6	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
hydroflumethiazide Hydroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822). hydroflumethiazide : A benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide.	3.86	3	0	benzothiadiazine; thiazide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.	4.13	4	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea [no description available]	12.36	43	3	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.	5.93	7	1	hydroxyether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine	anticoronaviral agent; antipruritic drug; anxiolytic drug; dermatologic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
hypericin [no description available]	2.04	1	0
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	5.02	12	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
phenelzine Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.	4.27	5	0	primary amine
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	4.54	7	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
alverine alverine : A tertiary amine having one ethyl and two 3-phenylprop-1-yl groups attached to the nitrogen. An antispasmodic that acts directly on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle, it is used (particularly as the citrate salt) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.	2.05	1	0	tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug
idebenone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; primary alcohol	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor
ifosfamide [no description available]	4.77	9	0	ifosfamides	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	4.87	10	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.	4.41	6	0	bipyridines	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
indapamide Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.	3.59	2	0	indoles; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	5.46	19	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
iohexol Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.	2.45	2	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iopromide iopromide: structure given in first source. iopromide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration.	2.45	2	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; nephrotoxic agent; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iothalamic acid Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
iodipamide Iodipamide: A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.. adipiodone : An organoiodine compound that is 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl group. It is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.	2.05	1	0	benzoic acids; organoiodine compound; secondary carboxamide	radioopaque medium
ioversol [no description available]	3.23	1	0	amidobenzoic acid
iproniazid [no description available]	4.56	7	0	carbohydrazide; pyridines
avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.	4.66	8	0	azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
isocarboxazid Isocarboxazid: An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)	4.08	4	0	benzenes
isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.	2.05	1	0	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	4.79	9	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2.05	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	4.41	6	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
isoxsuprine Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor.	3.59	2	0	alkylbenzene
isradipine Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.	4.08	4	0	benzoxadiazole; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester
itraconazole [no description available]	4.54	7	0	piperazines
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	4.78	5	0	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.	3.3	6	0	aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	4.88	10	0	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	4.66	8	0	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ketorolac Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.	4.42	6	0	amino acid; aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrrolizines; racemate	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ketotifen Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect.	7.45	10	3	cyclic ketone; olefinic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	anti-asthmatic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
khellin Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.	2.05	1	0	furanochromone; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle	anti-asthmatic agent; bronchodilator agent; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
labetalol Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.	4.77	9	0	benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
lamotrigine [no description available]	4.09	4	0	1,2,4-triazines; dichlorobenzene; primary arylamine	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; antimanic drug; calcium channel blocker; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; excitatory amino acid antagonist; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; xenobiotic
lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.	5.46	11	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
beta-lapachone beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.	2.05	1	0	benzochromenone; orthoquinones	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
leflunomide Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.	4.54	7	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
letrozole [no description available]	4.25	5	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
lofepramine Lofepramine: A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone; dibenzoazepine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant
lomefloxacin lomefloxacin: structure given in first source. lomefloxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery.	3.23	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; photosensitizing agent
lomustine [no description available]	3.59	2	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
loperamide Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.	3.59	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist
loratadine Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.	16.46	63	45	benzocycloheptapyridine; ethyl ester; N-acylpiperidine; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist
lorazepam Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.	4.25	5	0	benzodiazepine
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position	4.94	11	0	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
loxapine Loxapine: An antipsychotic agent used in SCHIZOPHRENIA.	3.61	2	0	dibenzooxazepine	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
ly 171883 LY 171883: structure in first source; leukotriene receptor antagonist. tomelukast : A member of the class of acetophenones that is 1-phenylethanone substituted at position 2 by a hydroxy group, a propyl group at position 3 and a 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy group at position 4. A leukotriene antagonist, it exhibits anti-asthmatic activity.	3.09	1	0	acetophenones; aromatic ether; phenols; tetrazoles	anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source	2.02	1	0	chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound	autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.	2.05	1	0	diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	isopropyl ester
maprotiline Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.	4.56	7	0	anthracenes
mazindol Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter.	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
edaravone [no description available]	2.44	2	0	pyrazolone	antioxidant; radical scavenger
mebendazole Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.	4.66	8	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
mecamylamine Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.	3.6	2	0	primary aliphatic amine
mechlorethamine nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.	3.23	1	0	nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent
meclizine Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.	4.09	4	0	diarylmethane
meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	3.23	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
meclofenamate sodium anhydrous [no description available]	2.46	2	0	organic sodium salt
meclofenoxate Meclofenoxate: An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid
mefenamic acid Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	4.27	5	0	aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound	analgesic; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
memantine [no description available]	4.6	4	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.	2.75	3	0	1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical
mepenzolate mepenzolic acid: anticholinergic, antispasmodic agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.23	1	0	diarylmethane
meperidine Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.	4.26	5	0	ethyl ester; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
mephenytoin Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.	3.86	3	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant
mepivacaine Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.	4.08	4	0	piperidinecarboxamide	drug allergen; local anaesthetic
meprobamate Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)	4.26	5	0	organic molecular entity
mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.	4.1	4	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mesoridazine Mesoridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to CHLORPROMAZINE.. mesoridazine : A phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group.	3.23	1	0	phenothiazines; sulfoxide; tertiary amino compound	dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
metaproterenol Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself.	5.64	5	1	aralkylamino compound; phenylethanolamines; resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	9.88	10	0	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.	4.26	5	0	benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound
methapyrilene Methapyrilene: Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.. methapyrilene : A member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group.	2.74	3	0	ethylenediamine derivative	anti-allergic agent; carcinogenic agent; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative
methazolamide Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.	3.23	1	0	sulfonamide; thiadiazoles
methocarbamol Methocarbamol: A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206). methocarbamol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.. 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate : A carbamate ester that is glycerol in which one of the primary alcohol groups has been converted to its 2-methoxyphenyl ether while the other has been converted to the corresponding carbamate ester.	3.6	2	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester; secondary alcohol
methoxsalen Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.	3.59	2	0	aromatic ether; psoralens	antineoplastic agent; cross-linking reagent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
methoxyflurane Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.	2.05	1	0	ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	hepatotoxic agent; inhalation anaesthetic; nephrotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic
methyclothiazide Methyclothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825)	3.23	1	0	benzothiadiazine
nocodazole [no description available]	2.46	2	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; thiophenes	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
methyl salicylate methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.	2.05	1	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; salicylates	flavouring agent; insect attractant; metabolite
methylphenidate Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.	4.41	6	0	beta-amino acid ester; methyl ester; piperidines
methyprylon methyprylon: was heading 1973-94 (see under HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES 1963-72); use PIPERIDONES to search METHYPRYLON 1973-94	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.	4.41	6	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic
metolazone Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.	4.41	6	0	organochlorine compound; quinazolines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; ion transport inhibitor
metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.	4.87	10	0	aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	4.66	8	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
metyrapone Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.	3.87	3	0	aromatic ketone	antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mexiletine Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.	4.27	5	0	aromatic ether; primary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.	2.75	3	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist
miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.	3	4	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.	4.77	9	0	imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
midodrine Midodrine: An ethanolamine derivative that is an adrenergic alpha-1 agonist. It is used as a vasoconstrictor agent in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. midodrine : An aromatic ether that is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene which is substituted at position 2 by a 2-(glycylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with selective alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, it is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a peripheral vasoconstrictor in the treatment of certain hypotensive states. The main active moiety is its major metabolite, deglymidodrine.	3.6	2	0	amino acid amide; aromatic ether; secondary alcohol	alpha-adrenergic agonist; prodrug; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
milrinone [no description available]	4.25	5	0	bipyridines; nitrile; pyridone	cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
minoxidil Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.	4.09	4	0	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
mirtazapine Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.	4.26	5	0	benzazepine; tetracyclic antidepressant	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; oneirogen; serotonergic antagonist
mitotane Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.	3.59	2	0	diarylmethane
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	4.08	4	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
moclobemide Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression.	2.74	3	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; morpholines	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
modafinil Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group.	3.87	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfoxide
moxisylyte Moxisylyte: An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312)	3.87	3	0	monoterpenoid
deet N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide.	2.05	1	0	benzamides; monocarboxylic acid amide	environmental contaminant; insect repellent; xenobiotic
acecainide Acecainide: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.. N-acetylprocainamide : A benzamide obtained via formal condensation of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine.	2.45	2	0	acetamides; benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug
nabumetone Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.	3.59	2	0	methoxynaphthalene; methyl ketone	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
nadolol [no description available]	3.23	1	0	tetralins
nalidixic acid [no description available]	4.27	5	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
naratriptan naratriptan: structure given in first source	4.25	5	0	heteroarylpiperidine; sulfonamide; tryptamines	serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
nefazodone nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct	4.96	11	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazoles	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; analgesic; antidepressant; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
nefopam Nefopam: Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26). nefopam : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.. 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine : A member of the class of benzoxazocines that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine substituted by phenyl and methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 respectively.	2.04	1	0	benzoxazocine; tertiary amino compound
nevirapine Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.	4.77	9	0	cyclopropanes; dipyridodiazepine	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nialamide Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.	3.87	3	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
nicardipine Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.	4.08	4	0	benzenes; C-nitro compound; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound
niceritrol Niceritrol: An ester of nicotinic acid that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides in total plasma and in the VLD- and LD-lipoprotein fractions.	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
niclosamide Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.	2.41	1	0	benzamides; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; salicylanilides; secondary carboxamide	anthelminthic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antiparasitic agent; apoptosis inducer; molluscicide; piscicide; STAT3 inhibitor
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	5.11	13	0	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
niflumic acid Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.	2.05	1	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
nilutamide [no description available]	3.87	3	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; imidazolidinone	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
nimesulide nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.	4.56	7	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	4.66	8	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
nisoldipine Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.	4.66	8	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
nitrazepam Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome).	3.14	5	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound	anticonvulsant; antispasmodic drug; drug metabolite; GABA modulator; sedative
nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.	2.74	3	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.	3.59	2	0	nitroglycerol	explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
nizatidine [no description available]	4.54	7	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound; carboxamidine; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound	anti-ulcer drug; cholinergic drug; H2-receptor antagonist
nomifensine Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.	4.67	8	0	isoquinolines	dopamine uptake inhibitor
masoprocol nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)	2.05	1	0	catechols; lignan; tetrol	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; plant metabolite
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	3.59	2	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
nortriptyline Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.	4.67	8	0	organic tricyclic compound; secondary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	4.26	5	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	4.87	10	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.	5.08	7	0	carbazoles
orphenadrine Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.	3.87	3	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; NMDA receptor antagonist; parasympatholytic
oxamniquine Oxamniquine: An anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine causes worms to shift from the mesenteric veins to the liver where the male worms are retained; the female worms return to the mesentery, but can no longer release eggs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p121). oxamniquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxamniquine. An anthelmintic, it is administered orally for the treatment of schistomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (but not by other Schistosoma species); intramuscular administration is no longer used as it causes severe pain at the injection site.. {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol : A member of the class of quinolines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 2, 6, and 7 by (isopropylamino)methyl, hydroxymethyl, and nitro groups, respectively.	2.05	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; C-nitro compound; quinolines; secondary amino compound
oxaprozin Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	4.26	5	0	1,3-oxazoles; monocarboxylic acid	analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
oxatomide oxatomide: structure; an anti-allergic & an anti-asthmatic. oxatomide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one substituted by a 3-[4-(diphenylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at position 1. It is an anti-allergic drug.	2.96	1	0	benzimidazoles; diarylmethane; N-alkylpiperazine	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
oxazepam Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.	4.41	6	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
oxethazaine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amino acid amide
oxibendazole oxibendazole: structure	2.46	2	0	benzimidazoles; carbamate ester
oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).	2.15	1	0	benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound	drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin
oxiracetam oxiracetam: structure in first source	2.45	2	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
oxprenolol Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether
oxybenzone oxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.	2.05	1	0	hydroxybenzophenone; monomethoxybenzene	dermatologic drug; environmental contaminant; protective agent; ultraviolet filter; xenobiotic
oxybutynin oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.	10.84	6	1	acetylenic compound; carboxylic ester; racemate; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; calcium channel blocker; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; parasympatholytic
oxyphenbutazone Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.	2.47	2	0	phenols; pyrazolidines	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; drug metabolite; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite
aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.	4.56	7	0	aminobenzoic acid; phenols	antitubercular agent
pamidronate [no description available]	4.26	5	0	phosphonoacetic acid
pantoprazole Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.	4.54	7	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	4.77	5	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
4-dichlorobenzene dichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.. 1,4-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1 and 4.	2.46	2	0	dichlorobenzene	insecticide
pargyline Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.	2.46	2	0	aromatic amine
pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.	3.42	1	1	aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone	EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
pemoline Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity.	4.26	5	0	1,3-oxazoles	central nervous system stimulant
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.	4.38	3	0	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	3.86	3	0	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline [no description available]	9.76	5	0	oxopurine
perazine Perazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. Extrapyramidal symptoms may be more common than other side effects.. perazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazinecarries a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl substituent at the N-10 position.	2.05	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; phenothiazines	dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
perhexiline Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis.	4.43	6	0	piperidines	cardiovascular drug
perphenazine Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.	4.08	4	0	N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione	3.15	5	0	acetamides; aromatic ether	cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	9.87	10	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
phenolphthalein Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.	2.05	1	0	phenols
phenoxybenzamine Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.	4.28	5	0	aromatic amine
phentermine Phentermine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity.	3.87	3	0	primary amine	adrenergic agent; appetite depressant; central nervous system drug; central nervous system stimulant; dopaminergic agent; sympathomimetic agent
4-phenylbutyric acid 4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.	3.23	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; prodrug
phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.	2.97	4	0	pyrazolidines	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
moxonidine moxonidine: structure given in first source	2.96	4	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
pimobendan pimobendan: produces arterial & venous dilatation in dogs; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	benzimidazoles; pyridazinone	cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
pinacidil Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)	2.75	3	0	pyridines
pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.	4.54	7	0	indoles; secondary amine	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
pioglitazone Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	11.06	8	1	aromatic ether; pyridines; thiazolidinediones	antidepressant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; insulin-sensitizing drug; PPARgamma agonist; xenobiotic
pipemidic acid Pipemidic Acid: Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.. pipemidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.	2.05	1	0	amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; pyridopyrimidine; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
piperazine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	anthelminthic drug
pirbuterol pirbuterol: structure	3.15	1	0	pyridines
piretanide piretanide: potent inhibitor of chloride transport; structure	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether
polythiazide [no description available]	3.23	1	0	benzothiadiazine
practolol Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.. practolol : N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	2.46	2	0	acetamides; ethanolamines; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist
duodote duodote: consists of atropine and pralidoxime chloride; for treating those exposed to organophosphorus-containing nerve agents	3.23	1	0	pyridinium ion	antidote to organophosphate poisoning; antidote to sarin poisoning; cholinergic drug; cholinesterase reactivator
ono 1078 pranlukast: SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	11.96	37	3	chromones
praziquantel azinox: Russian drug	4.27	5	0	isoquinolines
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.	4.54	7	0	aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
prilocaine Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.. prilocaine : An amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.	2.04	1	0	amino acid amide; monocarboxylic acid amide	anticonvulsant; local anaesthetic
primaquine Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.	4.27	5	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; N-substituted diamine	antimalarial
primidone Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.	4.55	7	0	pyrimidone	anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.	4.54	7	0	benzoic acids; sulfonamide	uricosuric drug
probucol Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.	2.75	3	0	dithioketal; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory drug; anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug
procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	4.41	6	0	benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker
procarbazine Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.	3.59	2	0	benzamides; hydrazines	antineoplastic agent
procaterol Procaterol: A long-acting beta-2-adrenergic receptor agonist.	2.44	2	0	quinolines
prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.	4.26	5	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antiemetic; cholinergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic
procyclidine Procyclidine: A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.. procyclidine : A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3.	4.08	4	0	pyrrolidines; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist
promazine Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.	2.04	1	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist
promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.	4.08	4	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative
propafenone Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.	3.87	3	0	aromatic ketone; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
propantheline Propantheline: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking.	3.23	1	0	xanthenes
propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.	4.26	5	0	phenols	anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	5.03	12	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
protriptyline Protriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation.	3.57	2	0	carbotricyclic compound	antidepressant
pyridinolcarbamate Pyridinolcarbamate: A drug that has been given by mouth in the treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular disorders, hyperlipidemias, and thrombo-embolic disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1408)	2.05	1	0	pyridines
pyridostigmine [no description available]	4.26	5	0	pyridinium ion
pyrilamine Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.	3.16	5	0	aromatic ether; ethylenediamine derivative	H1-receptor antagonist
pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds	4.26	5	0	aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
sch 16134 quazepam: structure given in first source	3.23	1	0	benzodiazepine
quetiapine [no description available]	3.61	2	0	dibenzothiazepine; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
rabeprazole Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.	4.08	4	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
raloxifene raloxifene : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl, p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively.	4.26	5	0	1-benzothiophenes; aromatic ketone; N-oxyethylpiperidine; phenols	bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
ranitidine [no description available]	3.66	9	0	aralkylamine
opc 12759 rebamipide: structure in first source; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; inhibits gastric xanthine oxidase	2.05	1	0	secondary carboxamide
pf 5901 alpha-pentyl-3-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)benzenemethanol: structure given in first source; platelet activating factor antagonist	3.54	2	0	quinolines
riluzole Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.	4.08	4	0	benzothiazoles
rimantadine Rimantadine: An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.	3.23	1	0	alkylamine
risperidone Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.	4.87	10	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
rizatriptan rizatriptan: structure given in first source; RN given refers to benzoate	4.23	5	0	tryptamines	anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
rofecoxib [no description available]	7.74	3	0	butenolide; sulfone	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
rolipram [no description available]	2.05	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	antidepressant; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
ropinirole [no description available]	3.57	2	0	indolones; tertiary amine	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; dopamine agonist
saccharin Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.	3.82	2	1	1,2-benzisothiazole; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
salicylamide salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	phenols; salicylamides	antirheumatic drug; non-narcotic analgesic
salicylsalicylic acid salicylsalicylic acid: structure. salsalate : A dimeric benzoate ester obtained by intermolecular condensation between the carboxy of one molecule of salicylic acid with the phenol group of a second. It is a prodrug for salycylic acid that is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and also shows activity against type II diabetes.	3.23	1	0	benzoate ester; benzoic acids; phenols; salicylates	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
secobarbital Secobarbital: A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity.. secobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by prop-2-en-1-yl and pentan-2-yl groups.	3.23	1	0	barbiturates	anaesthesia adjuvant; GABA modulator; sedative
sevoflurane Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.	2.05	1	0	ether; organofluorine compound	central nervous system depressant; inhalation anaesthetic; platelet aggregation inhibitor
sibutramine sibutramine: serotonin and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; Meridia is tradename for sibutramine hydrochloride	3.59	2	0	organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-obesity agent; serotonin uptake inhibitor
sulfadiazine Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.	4.26	5	0	pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; coccidiostat; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
risedronic acid Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.	4.26	5	0	pyridines
sotalol Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.	4.41	6	0	ethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound; sulfonamide	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
4-phenylbutyric acid, sodium salt sodium phenylbutyrate : The organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; orphan drug; prodrug
imatinib [no description available]	4.6	4	0	aromatic amine; benzamides; N-methylpiperazine; pyridines; pyrimidines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).	3.86	3	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
succinylcholine Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.	3.59	2	0	quaternary ammonium ion; succinate ester	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent
sulfabenzamide sulfabenzamide : A sulfonamide containing a benzamido substituent on nitrogen. An antibacterial/antimicrobial, it is often used in conjunction with sulfathiazole and sulfacetamide as a topical, intravaginal antibacterial preparation.	2.46	2	0	benzenes; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial drug
sulfadimethoxine Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfamerazine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen
sulfameter Sulfameter: Long acting sulfonamide used in leprosy, urinary, and respiratory tract infections.. sulfamethoxydiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having a methoxy substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.05	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; leprostatic drug; renal agent
sulfamethazine Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.05	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ligand; xenobiotic
sulfamethizole Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2.	4.08	4	0	sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.	3.31	6	0	isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
sulfanilamide [no description available]	2.75	3	0	substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; drug allergen; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulfaphenazole Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent.	3.35	6	0	primary amino compound; pyrazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
sulfapyridine Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.05	1	0	pyridines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; dermatologic drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.	4.42	6	0
sulfathiazole Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	3.59	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfinpyrazone Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.	3.3	6	0	pyrazolidines; sulfoxide	uricosuric drug
sulfisoxazole Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.	2.74	3	0	isoxazoles; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
sulfobromophthalein Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.	2.05	1	0	2-benzofurans; organobromine compound; organosulfonic acid; phenols	dye
2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol [no description available]	3.87	3	0	alkylbenzene
sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.	2.97	4	0	benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide	antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
sumatriptan Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.	4.41	6	0	sulfonamide; tryptamines	serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
suprofen Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.	2.96	4	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	antirheumatic drug; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	2.96	4	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
gatifloxacin Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.	3.3	6	0	N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
tegafur [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
telenzepine telenzepine: structure given in first source	2.45	2	0	benzodiazepine
temazepam Temazepam: A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent.	3.59	2	0	benzodiazepine
temozolomide [no description available]	4.08	4	0	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
terazosin Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia	4.26	5	0	furans; piperazines; primary amino compound; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent
terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	6.73	10	1	phenylethanolamines; resorcinols	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
terfenadine Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.	11.66	26	13	diarylmethane
tetracaine Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.	2.05	1	0	benzoate ester; tertiary amino compound	local anaesthetic
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	3.86	3	0	phthalimides; piperidones
thiabendazole Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate	3.59	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug
thioridazine Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.	3.59	2	0	phenothiazines; piperidines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
thiotepa Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).	3.85	3	0	aziridines
tiaprofenic acid tiaprofenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tiaprofenic acid : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by benzoyl and at C-4 by a 1-carboxyethyl group.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	drug allergen; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.	4.8	9	0	monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
tinidazole Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.	4.08	4	0	imidazoles	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
tiopronin Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.	3.59	2	0	N-acyl-amino acid
tizanidine tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.	4.26	5	0	benzothiadiazole; imidazoles	alpha-adrenergic agonist; muscle relaxant
tolazamide Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	4.08	4	0	N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; potassium channel blocker
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	4.95	11	0	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
tolmetin Tolmetin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.. tolmetin : A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.	4.1	4	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrroles	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tolperisone Tolperisone: A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211)	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone
ultram 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.	4.54	7	0	aromatic ether; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
tranexamic acid Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.	4.08	4	0	amino acid
trazodone Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.	4.42	6	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazolopyridine	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
triacetin Triacetin: A triglyceride that is used as an antifungal agent.. triacetin : A triglyceride obtained by acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol. It has fungistatic properties (based on release of acetic acid) and has been used in the topical treatment of minor dermatophyte infections.	2.1	1	0	triglyceride	adjuvant; antifungal drug; food additive carrier; food emulsifier; food humectant; fuel additive; plant metabolite; solvent
triamterene Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.	4.07	4	0	pteridines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
triazolam Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.	4.25	5	0	triazolobenzodiazepine	sedative
triclosan [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic
trifluoperazine [no description available]	4.08	4	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
triflupromazine Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.	2.05	1	0	organofluorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
trihexyphenidyl Trihexyphenidyl: One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.	3.23	1	0	amine
trimethadione Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.	4.08	4	0	oxazolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector
trimethobenzamide trimethobenzamide: major descriptor (64-84); on-line search BENZAMIDES (64-84); Index Medicus search TRIMETHOBENZAMIDE (64-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. trimethobenzamide : The amide obtained by formal condensation of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]benzylamine. It is used to prevent nausea and vomitting in humans.	3.23	1	0	benzamides; tertiary amino compound	antiemetic
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.	4.76	9	0	aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
trimetrexate Trimetrexate: A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.	3.85	3	0
trimipramine Trimipramine: Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.. trimipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant.	3.58	2	0	dibenzoazepine; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
tripelennamine Tripelennamine: A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat ASTHMA; HAY FEVER; URTICARIA; and RHINITIS; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically.	2	1	0	aromatic amine
troglitazone Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.	9.77	9	0	chromanes; thiazolidinone	anticoagulant; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
tyramine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
delavirdine Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	3.57	2	0	aminopyridine; indolecarboxamide; N-acylpiperazine; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
urapidil [no description available]	2.45	2	0	piperazines
venlafaxine venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group.	4.67	8	0	cyclohexanols; monomethoxybenzene; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; serotonin uptake inhibitor; xenobiotic
vesnarinone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
vigabatrin [no description available]	3.59	2	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
viloxazine Viloxazine: A morpholine derivative used as an antidepressant. It is similar in action to IMIPRAMINE.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether
pirinixic acid pirinixic acid: structure	2.05	1	0	aryl sulfide; organochlorine compound; pyrimidines
ici 204,219 zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	12.68	89	4	carbamate ester; indoles; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	anti-asthmatic agent; leukotriene antagonist
zaleplon zaleplon: an azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; a hypnotic with less marked effect on psychomotor functions compared to lorazepam. zaleplon : A pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position.	4.25	5	0	nitrile; pyrazolopyrimidine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; central nervous system depressant; sedative
zolpidem Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.	4.76	9	0	imidazopyridine	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; sedative
zomepirac zomepirac: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.99	4	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; pyrroles	cardiovascular drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
zonisamide Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.	3.23	1	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; sulfonamide	anticonvulsant; antioxidant; central nervous system drug; protective agent; T-type calcium channel blocker
zopiclone zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.	2.74	3	0	monochloropyridine; pyrrolopyrazine	central nervous system depressant; sedative
guanidine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0	one-carbon compound; organic chloride salt	protein denaturant
hydrocortisone acetate hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.05	1	0	cortisol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
cortisone acetate Cortisone Acetate: The acetate ester of cortisone that is used mainly for replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency and in the treatment of many allergic and inflammatory disorders.	3.59	2	0	corticosteroid hormone
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	4.09	4	0	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
oxyphenonium Oxyphenonium: A quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent with peripheral side effects similar to those of ATROPINE. It is used as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer, and to relieve visceral spasms. The drug has also been used in the form of eye drops for mydriatic effect.	2.46	2	0	acylcholine
corticosterone [no description available]	2.15	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	11.05	26	7	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.	2.47	2	0	16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	3.59	2	0	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
cephaloridine Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.	2.97	4	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.	4.1	4	0	imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	4.08	4	0	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
floxuridine Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.	2.97	4	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent
piperonyl butoxide [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzodioxoles	pesticide synergist
bromouracil Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen.	2.05	1	0	nucleobase analogue; pyrimidines	mutagen
3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid tiratricol : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome.	2.05	1	0
isoproterenol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0	catechols
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	2.76	3	0	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
histamine dihydrochloride Ceplene: Tradename for histamine dihydrochloride.	2.05	1	0
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	3.59	2	0	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.	3.59	2	0	1-phenylpropan-2-amine	adrenergic agent; adrenergic uptake inhibitor; dopamine uptake inhibitor; dopaminergic agent; neurotoxin; sympathomimetic agent
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	2.73	3	0	ammonium salt; carbamate ester	cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic
norethindrone acetate norethisterone acetate : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester.	2.05	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; terminal acetylenic compound	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.	4.41	6	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cyclobarbital cyclobarbital: was heading 1977-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1977-90); CYCLOBARBITONE, HEXEMAL, & TETRAHYDROPHENOBARBITAL were see CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; use BARBITURATES to search CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; short to intermediate duration barbiturate used as hypnotic and sedative	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
allobarbital allobarbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ALLOBARBITONE, DIALLYLBARBITAL, DIALLYLBARBITURIC ACID, & DIALLYLMAL were see ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; a barbiturate derivative with effects of intermediate duration; at lower doses, it is used as a sedative; at higher doses, it displays hypnotic effects	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.	3.87	3	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine	antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen
trichlorfon Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.05	1	0	organic phosphonate; organochlorine compound; phosphonic ester	agrochemical; anthelminthic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
cysteine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	cysteine zwitterion; cysteine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flour treatment agent; human metabolite
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	10.87	29	4	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.	4.25	5	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
oxandrolone Oxandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties.	3.87	3	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; oxa-steroid	anabolic agent; androgen
dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.	2.05	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
promazine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride
nad [no description available]	2.05	1	0	NAD	geroprotector
2-acetylaminofluorene 2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.	2.05	1	0	2-acetamidofluorenes	antimitotic; carcinogenic agent; epitope; mutagen
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	4.25	5	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
idoxuridine [no description available]	2.46	2	0	organoiodine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
metaraminol Metaraminol: A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. metaraminol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-amino-1-phenylethanol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a phenolic hydroxy group at position 1. A sympathomimetic agent , it is used in the treatment of hypotension.	2.07	1	0	phenylethanolamines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.	4.26	5	0	pilocarpine	antiglaucoma drug
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	3.03	4	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	4.42	6	0	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
isonicotinic acid isonicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is at position 4 of the pyridine ring.	2.05	1	0	pyridinemonocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	3	4	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	3.41	1	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	4.41	6	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.	3.59	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	8.4	1	1	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cetrimonium bromide cetyltrimethylammonium bromide : The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide.	2.05	1	0	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	detergent; surfactant
vincristine [no description available]	3.86	3	0	acetate ester; formamides; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	4.41	6	0	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	2.83	3	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.	3.3	6	0	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
testosterone propionate Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.. androgen : A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.	2.05	1	0	steroid ester
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	3.86	3	0	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.	2.47	2	0	pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound	antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
methyltestosterone Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.	3.59	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; enone	anabolic agent; androgen; antineoplastic agent
promethazine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative
tetrabenazine 9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.	3.89	3	0	benzoquinolizine; cyclic ketone; tertiary amino compound
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	2.1	1	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
cephalothin Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.	2.45	2	0	azabicycloalkene; beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative; thiophenes	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
uridine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
uridine diphosphate Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.	2.76	3	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	4.27	5	0	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	4.14	3	1	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	2.05	1	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease	3.15	5	0	amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	3.23	1	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
cysteamine Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.	3.23	1	0	amine; thiol	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent
acetylcholine chloride acetylcholine chloride : The chloride salt of acetylcholine, and a parasympatomimetic drug.	3.86	3	0	quaternary ammonium salt
mepazine mepazine: major descriptor (66-85); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (66-85); Index Medicus search MEPAZINE (66-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. pacatal : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazine has an N-methylpiperidin-4-ylmethyl substituent at the N-10 position.	3.59	2	0	phenothiazines
methoxamine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0	dimethoxybenzene
methoxamine Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine .	2.21	1	0	amphetamines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypotensive agent
adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.	7.82	9	7	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
methicillin Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.	2.45	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
niridazole Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete.	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound
cloxacillin Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.	4.08	4	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
zoxazolamine Zoxazolamine: A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood.	2.07	1	0	benzoxazole
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	2.07	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methacholine chloride Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)	9.81	19	11	quaternary ammonium salt
calcium acetate calcium acetate: a principal compound used as phosphate binders in patients with chronic renal failure; used like sevelamer. calcium acetate : The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces.	3.23	1	0	calcium salt	chelator
dimethylnitrosamine Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.	2.46	2	0	nitrosamine	geroprotector; mutagen
carbaryl Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; naphthalenes	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant growth retardant
uridine triphosphate Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.46	2	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	2.75	3	0	lactose
primaquine phosphate [no description available]	2.46	2	0
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	8.93	3	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
Mebutamate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	6.16	9	1	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
gallamine triethiodide Gallamine Triethiodide: A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)	2.46	2	0
mebanazine mebanazine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure	3.59	2	0	benzenes
uracil mustard Uracil Mustard: Nitrogen mustard derivative of URACIL. It is a alkylating antineoplastic agent that is used in lymphatic malignancies, and causes mainly gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage.	2.46	2	0	aminouracil; nitrogen mustard
oxacillin Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.	3.85	3	0	penicillin	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	2.46	2	0	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
fluocinolone acetonide Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders.	3.15	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug
dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.	2.05	1	0	formamides; volatile organic compound	geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent
norethindrone Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.	2.96	4	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
norethynodrel Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.	2.05	1	0	oxo steroid
cycloserine Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).	3.23	1	0	4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; zwitterion	antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antitubercular agent; metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
benziodarone benziodarone: minor descriptor (75-89); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZOFURANS (68-89) & IODOBENZOATES (74)	4.1	4	0	aromatic ketone
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	4.26	5	0	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
mannitol [no description available]	8.22	11	5	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
cytarabine [no description available]	4.09	4	0	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
medroxyprogesterone acetate [no description available]	2.75	3	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; steroid ester	adjuvant; androgen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; female contraceptive drug; inhibitor; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	2.03	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mestranol [no description available]	2.97	4	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; aromatic ether; terminal acetylenic compound	prodrug; xenoestrogen
methaqualone Methaqualone: A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methaqualone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2 and 3 by methyl and o-tolyl groups respectively. A depressant that increases the activity of the GABA receptors in the brain and nervous system, it is used as a sedative and hypnotic medication. It became popular as a recreational drug and club drug in the late 1960s and 1970s.	2.05	1	0	quinazolines	GABA agonist; sedative
trypan blue VisionBlue: A trypan blue ophthalmic solution.	2.05	1	0
cordycepin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	3'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines	antimetabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	2.44	2	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	12.9	7	2	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite
perflutren Definity: a fluorocarbon-filled ultrasonic contrast agent; Definity is tradename. octafluoropropane : A fluorocarbon that is propane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines.	3.23	1	0	fluoroalkane; fluorocarbon
triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.	5.07	5	2	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
fluoxymesterone Fluoxymesterone: An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male HYPOGONADISM, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women.	3.23	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; fluorinated steroid	anabolic agent; antineoplastic agent
allylpropymal allylpropymal: RN given refers to parent cpd. aprobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by an isopropyl and a prop-1-en-3-yl group at position 5.	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	4.67	6	1	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
butobarbital butobarbital: Butobarbital should be distinguished from Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital)	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
methsuximide methsuximide: anticonvulsant effective in petit mal & psychomotor epilepsy; has a number of unpleasant & toxic side effects; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search SUCCINIMIDES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	3.23	1	0	organic molecular entity
tromethamine Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)	3.86	3	0	primary amino compound; triol	buffer
trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.	2.75	3	0	chloroethenes	inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite
dichloroacetic acid [no description available]	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	astringent; marine metabolite
dehydrocholic acid Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton.	2.05	1	0	12-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-5beta-steroid; 7-oxo steroid; oxo-5beta-cholanic acid	gastrointestinal drug
cyclizine Cyclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935). cyclizine : An N-alkylpiperazine in which one nitrogen of the piperazine ring is substituted by a methyl group, while the other is substituted by a diphenylmethyl group.	2.46	2	0	N-alkylpiperazine	antiemetic; central nervous system depressant; cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	7.76	19	1	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	8.01	4	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
diquat Diquat: A contact herbicide used also to produce desiccation and defoliation. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). diquat : The organic cation formed formally by addition of an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen atoms of 2,2'-bipyridine. Most often available as the dibromide.	2.05	1	0	organic cation	defoliant; herbicide
brompheniramine Brompheniramine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.. brompheniramine : Pheniramine in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is substituted by bromine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, brompheniramine is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.	3.63	2	0	organobromine compound; pyridines	anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist
penicillin v Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.	4.08	4	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin
isosorbide dinitrate Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.	4.26	5	0	glucitol derivative; nitrate ester	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
hexachlorobutadiene hexachlorobutadiene: a potent nephrotoxicant in rats; structure	2.05	1	0	organochlorine compound
pseudoephedrine Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.	3.23	1	0	phenylethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; central nervous system drug; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
diethylpropion Diethylpropion: A appetite depressant considered to produce less central nervous system disturbance than most drugs in this therapeutic category. It is also considered to be among the safest for patients with hypertension. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2290). diethylpropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone in which one of the hydrogens alpha- to the carbonyl is substituted by a diethylamino group. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, it is an appetite depressant and is used as the hydrochloride as an anoretic in the short term management of obesity.	3.23	1	0	aromatic ketone; tertiary amine	appetite depressant
1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline: RN given refers to cpd with locants as specified	2.04	1	0	isoquinolines
tolonium chloride Tolonium Chloride: A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.. tolonium chloride : An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion. It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques.	2.05	1	0
phenothiazine 10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.	2.46	2	0	phenothiazine	ferroptosis inhibitor; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
synephrine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	ethanolamines; phenethylamine alkaloid; phenols	alpha-adrenergic agonist; plant metabolite
benzoyl peroxide Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.	3.92	2	1	carbonyl compound
2-bromophenol bromophenol : A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded bromine atoms.	2.46	2	0	bromophenol	marine metabolite
3-dinitrobenzene dinitrobenzene : Any member of the class of nitrobenzenes that consists of a benzene ring substituted by two nitro groups. A closed class.. 1,3-dinitrobenzene : A dinitrobenzene that is benzene disubstituted at positions 1 and 3 with nitro groups.	2.05	1	0	dinitrobenzene	neurotoxin
pyridostigmine bromide Pyridostigmine Bromide: A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants.	2.46	2	0	pyridinium salt
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane : An aromatic amine that is diphenylmethane substituted at the 4-position of each benzene ring by an amino group.	2.46	2	0	aromatic amine	allergen; carcinogenic agent
dicyclohexylamine dicyclohexylamine: potent inhibitor of spermidine synthase; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0	primary aliphatic amine
phenylisothiocyanate phenylisothiocyanate: structure. phenyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenyl group attached to the nitrogen; used for amino acid sequencing in the Edman degradation.	2.46	2	0	isothiocyanate	allergen; reagent
benzonatate benzonatate: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1107. benzonatate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of 4-butylaminobenzoic acid with nonaethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Structurally related to procaine and benzocaine, it has an anaesthetic effect on the stretch sensors in the lungs, and is used as a non-narcotic cough suppressant.	3.59	2	0	benzoate ester; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	anaesthetic; antitussive
4-bromophenol 4-bromophenol : A bromophenol containing only hydroxy and bromo substituents that are para to one another.	2.46	2	0	bromophenol	human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; marine metabolite; mouse metabolite; persistent organic pollutant; rat metabolite
2-bromoethylamine [no description available]	2.46	2	0
allyl alcohol allyl alcohol: structure. allylic alcohol : An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.).. allyl alcohol : A propenol in which the C=C bond connects C-2 and C-3. It is has been found in garlic (Allium sativum). Formerly used as a herbicide for the control of various grass and weed seeds.	2.46	2	0	primary allylic alcohol; propenol	antibacterial agent; fungicide; herbicide; insecticide; plant metabolite
bromobenzene [no description available]	2.46	2	0	bromoarene; bromobenzenes; volatile organic compound	hepatotoxic agent; mouse metabolite; non-polar solvent
n-pentanoic acid n-pentanoic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. valeric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing five carbon atoms.	2.05	1	0	short-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	plant metabolite
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.98	4	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
furan furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.	2.05	1	0	furans; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; Maillard reaction product
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	2.05	1	0	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
ergotamine Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.	2.45	2	0	peptide ergot alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; mycotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; oxytocic; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
methylergonovine Methylergonovine: A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)	3.23	1	0	ergoline alkaloid
imipramine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride	antidepressant
neostigmine bromide neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine.	2.97	4	0	bromide salt
phenformin Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.	2.05	1	0	biguanides	antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
mephobarbital Mephobarbital: A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL.. mephobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	2.75	3	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant
edrophonium chloride edrophonium chloride : The chloride salt of edrophonium. A reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes), it is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.	2.46	2	0	chloride salt; quaternary ammonium salt	antidote; diagnostic agent; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.	2.05	1	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorobenzenes	antifungal agrochemical; carcinogenic agent; persistent organic pollutant
trinitrotoluene Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.	2.05	1	0	trinitrotoluene	explosive
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	2.46	2	0	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
pyrazolanthrone pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.	2.05	1	0	anthrapyrazole; aromatic ketone; cyclic ketone	antineoplastic agent; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; geroprotector
di-n-pentyl phthalate dipentyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the dipentyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	2.46	2	0	diester; phthalate ester	plasticiser
meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.	2.05	1	0	hexosamine; secondary amino compound
cinchophen cinchophen: was heading 1963-94; ACIPHENOCHINOLIUM was see CHINOPHEN 1978-94; use QUINOLINES to search CINCHOPHEN 1966-94	4.43	6	0	quinolines
uridine diphosphate glucose Uridine Diphosphate Glucose: A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.. UDP-alpha-D-glucose : The alpha-anomer of UDP-alpha-D-glucose. It is used in nucleotide sugars metabolism.	2.47	2	0	UDP-D-glucose	fundamental metabolite
phenazopyridine hydrochloride phenazopyridine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining phenazopyridine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.	2.77	3	0	hydrochloride	carcinogenic agent; local anaesthetic; non-narcotic analgesic
tetrracaine hydrochloride leocaine: a crystal beta-modification of the beta-dimethylaminoethyl ether of n-butylaminobenzoic acid hydrochloride	2.46	2	0	benzoate ester
ethyl acetate ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.	2.1	1	0	acetate ester; ethyl ester; volatile organic compound	EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; metabolite; polar aprotic solvent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.	2.05	1	0	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
diphenhydramine hydrochloride Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine.	7.75	6	2	hydrochloride; organoammonium salt	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; sedative
nafcillin Nafcillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.. nafcillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2-ethoxy-1-naphthoyl)amino group.	3.85	3	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
mequinol mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols	metabolite
methohexital Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.	3.58	2	0	acetylenic compound; barbiturates	drug allergen; intravenous anaesthetic
quinestrol Quinestrol: The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. After gastrointestinal absorption, it is stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE, slowly released, and metabolized principally to the parent compound. It has been used in ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1011)	2.05	1	0	17-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
dydrogesterone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid	progestin
fluocortolone Fluocortolone: A glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity used topically for various skin disorders.	2.03	1	0	21-hydroxy steroid
tripelennamine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	2	1	0	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	5.75	7	1	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	2.07	1	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
ethynodiol diacetate Ethynodiol Diacetate: A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).	2.46	2	0	steroid ester; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; estrogen receptor modulator; synthetic oral contraceptive
ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.	7.09	5	2	phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines	bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	3.65	3	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
chlormadinone acetate Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).	2.05	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
pirinitramide Pirinitramide: A diphenylpropylamine with intense narcotic analgesic activity of long duration. It is a derivative of MEPERIDINE with similar activity and usage.	2.45	2	0	nitrile
edrophonium bromide [no description available]	2.46	2	0
2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0
evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.	2.45	2	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
monocrotaline Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.	2.46	2	0	pyrrolizidine alkaloid
testosterone enanthate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	heptanoate ester; sterol ester	androgen
aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.	11.12	5	1	mixture	bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.	4.26	5	0	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
phenyramidol phenyramidol: considered as a drug that possibly causes hepatotoxicity	2.05	1	0	aminopyridine
carbutamide Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)	2.05	1	0	benzenes; sulfonamide
pseudoephedrine hydrochloride pseudoephedrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of pseudoephedrine.	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride	plant metabolite
galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.	3.85	3	0	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
nandrolone decanoate Nandrolone Decanoate: Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.	3.59	2	0	steroid ester
methysergide Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches.	2.74	3	0	ergoline alkaloid
bucladesine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; butanamides; butyrate ester	agonist; cardiotonic drug; vasodilator agent
procarbazine hydrochloride procarbazine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining procarbazine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride	antineoplastic agent
cuprizone [no description available]	2.41	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)	4.68	6	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
perflubron perflubron: potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs. perflubron : A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine.	2.05	1	0	haloalkane; organobromine compound; perfluorinated compound	blood substitute; radioopaque medium
cyproterone acetate [no description available]	2.75	3	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; chlorinated steroid; steroid ester	androgen antagonist; geroprotector; progestin
lithocholic acid Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.	2.46	2	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
fluorobenzenes Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.	2.07	1	0	monofluorobenzenes	NMR chemical shift reference compound
dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.	3.86	3	0	1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoate	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
ketobemidone ketobemidone: structure	2.04	1	0	piperidines
glycyrrhetinic acid [no description available]	2.47	2	0	cyclic terpene ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	immunomodulator; plant metabolite
chenodeoxycholic acid Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	5.28	6	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dihydralazine Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)	2.05	1	0	phthalazines
kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.	7.07	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist
phenylpropanolamine Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid.	2.47	2	0	amphetamines; phenethylamine alkaloid	plant metabolite
4-hydroxybutyric acid 4-hydroxybutyric acid: was an entry term to Sodium Oxybate (74-98). 4-hydroxybutyric acid : A 4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.23	1	0	4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	general anaesthetic; GHB receptor agonist; neurotoxin; sedative
alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.	6.23	4	3
dihydroergotamine Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.	3.87	3	0	ergot alkaloid; semisynthetic derivative	dopamine agonist; non-narcotic analgesic; serotonergic agonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.	2.05	1	0	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.05	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside	mutagen
medroxyprogesterone [no description available]	3.23	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
luminol Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.	7.5	2	0
dimenhydrinate gravinol: has antioxidant and ant-inflammatory activities; structure in first source	3.23	1	0	diarylmethane
tryptophol tryptophol : An indolyl alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a 1H-indol-3-yl group at position 2.	1.99	1	0	indolyl alcohol	auxin; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chlormethiazole Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.	2.74	3	0	thiazoles
methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.	4.08	4	0	amphetamines; secondary amine	central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic
levocarnitine (R)-carnitine : The (R)-enantiomer of carnitine.	3.59	2	0	carnitine	antilipemic drug; nootropic agent; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; water-soluble vitamin (role)
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	4.87	32	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
sulfanilylurea sulfanilylurea: antimicrobial agent; structure	3.59	2	0	benzenes; sulfonamide
gentian violet Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.	2.05	1	0	organic chloride salt	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antiseptic drug; histological dye
amitriptyline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0	organic tricyclic compound
1-naphthylisothiocyanate 1-Naphthylisothiocyanate: A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage.	2.46	2	0	isothiocyanate	insecticide
hematoporphyrin Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.	2.05	1	0
lithium carbonate Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.	2.04	1	0	carbonate salt; lithium salt	antimanic drug
lactulose [no description available]	3.87	3	0	glycosylfructose	gastrointestinal drug; laxative
isoxsuprine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0	alkylbenzene
betaine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0
megestrol acetate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; steroid ester	antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
alpha-naphthoflavone alpha-naphthoflavone: inhibits P4501A1 and P4501A2; stimulates some activities of P4503A4. alpha-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the h side of flavone. A synthetic compound, it is an inhibitor of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14).	2.63	2	0	extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pamabrom [no description available]	3.23	1	0
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	5.08	12	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
3-hydroxyacetanilide metacetamol : A derivative of phenol which has an acetamido substituent located meta to the phenolic -OH group. It is a non-toxic regioisomer of paracetamol with analgesic properties, but has never been marketed as a drug.	2.46	2	0	acetamides; phenols	non-narcotic analgesic
methoxyacetic acid methoxyacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methoxyacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a methoxy group.	2.46	2	0	ether; monocarboxylic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; human xenobiotic metabolite; mutagen
phendimetrazine phendimetrazine: minor descriptor (66-86); file maintained to MORPHOLINES (66-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search MORPHOLINES (66-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.07	1	0
erythromycin stearate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aminoglycoside
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	4.95	11	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
isosorbide Isosorbide: 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro D-glucitol. Chemically inert osmotic diuretic used mainly to treat hydrocephalus; also used in glaucoma.	2.06	1	0	organic molecular entity
levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.	3.85	3	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
lormetazepam lormetazepam: RN given refers to cpd with specified locant for methyl group; structure given in first source. lormetazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position, a 2-chlorophenyl group at the 5-position and a chloro substituent at the 7-position.	2.74	3	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	sedative
vinblastine [no description available]	2.96	4	0
n-methylpyrrolidone 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one: structure in first source. N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one : A member of the class of pyrrolidine-2-ones that is pyrrolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group.	2.1	1	0	lactam; N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidin-2-ones	polar aprotic solvent
diphenoxylate Diphenoxylate: A MEPERIDINE congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with ATROPINE. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity.. diphenoxylate : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of difenoxin.	3.23	1	0	ethyl ester; nitrile; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amine	antidiarrhoeal drug
deoxycytidine [no description available]	2	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous) cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous) : The hydrochloride salt of cyproheptadine. Note that the drug named cyproheptadine hydrochloride generally refers to cyproheptadine hydrochloride sesquihydrate.	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride
estradiol valerate [no description available]	2.45	2	0	steroid ester
ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.	4.42	6	0	ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative	antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sorbitan monostearate sorbitan monostearate: Stearic Acid was the HM (74-82), no longer an active MH	2.11	1	0
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	4.96	11	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	3.87	3	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
pregnenolone carbonitrile Pregnenolone Carbonitrile: A catatoxic steroid and microsomal enzyme inducer having significant effects on the induction of cytochrome P450. It has also demonstrated the potential for protective capability against acetaminophen-induced liver damage.	2.05	1	0	aliphatic nitrile
ibufenac ibufenac: used in the treatment of rheumatism; also possesses antipyretic properties; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search PHENYLACETATES (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. ibufenac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 4-isobutylphenyl group. Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, the clinical use of ibufenac was discontinued due to hepatotoxic side-effects.	4.08	4	0	monocarboxylic acid	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
metylperon metylperon: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone
metaxalone [no description available]	3.23	1	0	aromatic ether
spectinomycin Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.	3.58	2	0	cyclic acetal; cyclic hemiketal; cyclic ketone; pyranobenzodioxin; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin: A mixture of isomers.	2.05	1	0	polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	2.99	4	0	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.	4.07	4	0	benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide	cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	3.59	2	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
methiocarb Methiocarb: Insecticide, molluscacide, acaricide.. methiocarb : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the phenolic group of 3,5-dimethyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)phenol with the carboxy group of methylcarbamic acid.	7.17	1	0	aryl sulfide; carbamate ester; methyl sulfide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; molluscicide; xenobiotic
pimozide Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.	4.26	5	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound	antidyskinesia agent; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
benperidol Benperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567)	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone
7-hydroxychlorpromazine 7-hydroxychlorpromazine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.08	1	0	phenothiazines
oxyclozanide Oxyclozanide: Anthelmintic used in grazing animals for fasciola and cestode infestations.	2.41	1	0
dexbrompheniramine dexbrompheniramine : The (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.	3.23	1	0	brompheniramine	anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist
sulfadoxine Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial.	2.47	2	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antimalarial
acadesine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide; aminoimidazole; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor
methiocarb sulfoxide methiocarb sulfoxide: a metabolite of methiocarb; structure given in first source. methiocarb-sulfoxide : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the phenolic group of 3,5-dimethyl-4-(methylsulfinyl)phenol with the carboxy group of methylcarbamic acid. It is a metabolite of the pesticide methiocarb.	2.17	1	0	carbamate ester; sulfoxide	marine xenobiotic metabolite
chlordesmethyldiazepam [no description available]	2.04	1	0	benzodiazepine
uridine diphosphate galactose Uridine Diphosphate Galactose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be epimerized into UDPglucose for entry into the mainstream of carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a source of galactose in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides, cerebrosides, and lactose.. UDP-alpha-D-galactose : A UDP-D-galactose in which the anomeric centre of the galactose moiety has alpha-configuration.	2.04	1	0	UDP-D-galactose	mouse metabolite
stavudine Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	4.86	10	0	dihydrofuran; nucleoside analogue; organic molecular entity	antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
doxifluridine doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.	2.96	4	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
dicloxacillin Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.	4.08	4	0	dichlorobenzene; penicillin	antibacterial drug
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.	2.31	1	0	fluorescein isothiocyanate
iproclozide iproclozide: structure	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether
megestrol Megestrol: A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.. megestrol : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.	3.23	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
tranylcypromine Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.	2.31	1	0	2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
streptomycin [no description available]	4.41	6	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
clonidine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0	dichlorobenzene
cladribine [no description available]	4.41	6	0	organochlorine compound; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent
beclomethasone [no description available]	2.07	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; corticosteroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug
ethylene dimethanesulfonate ethylene dimethanesulfonate: antispermatogenic agent; structure	2.46	2	0
carbenicillin Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.	3.85	3	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
carbenicillin disodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt
dehydroemetine dehydroemetine: was MH 1991-94 (see under EMETINE 1976-90); use EMETINE to search DEHYDROEMETINE 1976-94; amebicide, derivative of emetine. dehydroemetine : A pyridoisoquinoline which was developed in response to the cardiovascular toxicity associated with emetine and results from the dehydrogenation of the heterotricylic ring of emetine. It is an antiprotozoal agent and displays antimalarial, antiamoebic, and antileishmanial properties.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; isoquinolines; pyridoisoquinoline	antileishmanial agent; antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug
benorilate benorilate: was heading 1980-94 (see under SALICYLATES 1980-90); was BENORYLATE see under SALICYLATES 1975-79; BENORYLATE was see BENORILATE 1980-94; use SALICYLATES to search BENORILATE 1980-90 & BENORYLATE 1975-79; an ester of aspirin and paracetamol with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activity used in the treatment of rheumatoid diseases; it has less severe side effects than aspirin	2.05	1	0	carbonyl compound
trimetazidine Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amine
floxacillin Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.	2.96	4	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
clomacran clomacran: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.59	2	0	acridines
mexiletine hydrochloride mexiletine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride composed of equimolar amounts of mexiletine and hydrogen chloride.	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride	anti-arrhythmia drug
beclomethasone dipropionate beclomethasone dipropionate : A steroid ester comprising beclomethasone having propionyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.	2.74	3	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; corticosteroid; enone; glucocorticoid; propanoate ester; steroid ester	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.	2.75	3	0	beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
methenamine hippurate methenamine hippurate: both parts of molecule contribute to its antibacterial action	3.23	1	0	N-acylglycine
levomethadone levomethadone : A 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one that has (R)-configuration. It is the active enantiomer of methadone and its hydrochloride salt is used to treat adults who are addicted to drugs such as heroin and morphine.	2.03	1	0	6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic
olsalazine olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.	3.86	3	0	azobenzenes; dicarboxylic acid	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
tiadenol tiadenol: structure	2.05	1	0	aliphatic sulfide
terodiline [no description available]	2.74	3	0	diarylmethane
1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene 1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0
phenylethylmalonamide Phenylethylmalonamide: A metabolite of primidone.	2.03	1	0	amine
metoclopramide hydrochloride metoclopramide hydrochloride : A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of metoclopramide monohydrochloride.	2.46	2	0
palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.	1.99	1	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.	2.11	1	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	2.31	1	0	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
helium Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics.	4.4	1	1	monoatomic helium; noble gas atom; s-block element atom	food packaging gas
zalcitabine Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.	3.45	7	0	pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
metocurine iodide [no description available]	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.	3.7	1	0	metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity	fertilizer
sodium sulfite [no description available]	2.05	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; sulfite salt	food preservative; reducing agent
sodium thiosulfate sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.	3.23	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	antidote to cyanide poisoning; antifungal drug; nephroprotective agent
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	7.15	1	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.	2.11	1	0
stanozolol Stanozolol: A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194). stanozolol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes.	3.53	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	anabolic agent; androgen
clodronic acid Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.	2.05	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); one-carbon compound; organochlorine compound	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent
carbendazim carbendazim: carcinogen when combined with sodium nitrite; principle metabolite of thiophanate methyl & benomyl; structure. carbendazim : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.	2.46	2	0	benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug; metabolite; microtubule-destabilising agent
reproterol reproterol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	8.43	1	1	oxopurine
ethionine L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.	2.46	2	0	S-ethylhomocysteine	antimetabolite; carcinogenic agent
apazone Apazone: An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric properties and has been used to treat gout.. apazone : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazine bearing a dimethylamino substitutent at position 3 and a methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the nitrogens at positions 1 and 2 are both acylated by a carboxy group of propylmalonic acid.	2.04	1	0	benzotriazines	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; uricosuric drug
diacerein diacerein: chelates with bivalent metals; a quinone which possesses redox properties; metabolized to active rhein; proposed mechanisms include inhibiting IL1 and metalloproteinases; called a slow acting symptomatic drug in osteoarthritis; no effect of cyclooxygenase;	2.07	1	0	anthraquinone
metopimazine metopimazine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.03	1	0	phenothiazines
xipamide Xipamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action.	2.05	1	0	benzamides
selegiline Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.	4.41	6	0	selegiline; terminal acetylenic compound	geroprotector
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	2.05	1	0	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
clemastine Clemastine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.. clemastine : 2-[(2R)-1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is substituted by a 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethyl group (R configuration). An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used as its fumarate salt for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.	4.11	4	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpyrrolidine	anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
thiamphenicol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfone	antimicrobial agent; immunosuppressive agent
pizotyline Pizotyline: Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches.. pizotifen : A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods.	2.05	1	0	benzocycloheptathiophene	histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
cephalexin Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.	4.25	5	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
cromolyn sodium Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.	9.9	22	8	organic sodium salt	anti-asthmatic drug; drug allergen
isosorbide-5-mononitrate isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug	2.96	4	0	glucitol derivative; nitrate ester	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
danazol Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.	4.42	6	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	anti-estrogen; estrogen antagonist; geroprotector
metergoline Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7.	2.03	1	0	carbamate ester; ergoline alkaloid	dopamine agonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist
fenclozic acid fenclozic acid: an analgesic & antipyretic with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZOLES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd	3.59	2	0
laxagetten 4,4'-diacetoxydiphenylpyridylemethane [no description available]	3.59	2	0
daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.	3.59	2	0	aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
cephapirin Cephapirin: Cephalosporin antibiotic, partly plasma-bound, that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.. cephapirin : A cephalosporin with acetoxymethyl and 2(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used (as its sodium salt) as an antibiotic, being effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
fludarabine phosphate fludarabine phosphate: structure given in first source. fludarabine phosphate : A purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate having 2-fluoroadenine as the nucleobase. A prodrug, it is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. Once incorporated into DNA, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP functions as a DNA chain terminator. It is used for the treatment of adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have not responded to, or whose disease has progressed during, treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimenas.	3.23	1	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
disopyramide phosphate [no description available]	2.46	2	0	organoammonium phosphate
alclofenac alclofenac: was heading 1975-94 (was see under PHENYLACETATES 1975-90); use PHENYLACETATES to search ALCLOFENAC 1975-94; an anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; acts also as an analgesic and an antipyretic. alclofenac : An aromatic ether in which the ether oxygen links an allyl group to the 4-position of (3-chlorophenyl)acetic acid.A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the UK market in 1979 due to concerns with its association with vasculitis and rash.	3.59	2	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	drug allergen; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
carbimazole Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.	2.47	2	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones; carbamate ester	antithyroid drug; prodrug
bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.	3.85	3	0	indole alkaloid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	27.99	1,783	567	benzenes; phenyl acetates
triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.	5.98	7	4	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
oxyphenisatin [no description available]	3.87	3	0	indoles
tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.	2.05	1	0	chlorocarbon; chloroethenes	nephrotoxic agent
fludrocortisone Fludrocortisone: A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.	3.23	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; fluorinated steroid; mineralocorticoid	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	4.08	4	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pregnanolone Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.	2.04	1	0	3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid	human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
butylated hydroxytoluene 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.	2.75	3	0	phenols	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; food additive; geroprotector
rafoxanide Rafoxanide: Veterinary anthelmintic for grazing animals; used to treat fluke, hookworm and other infestations.	2.41	1	0
butachlor butachlor : An aromatic amide that is 2-choro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide in which the amide nitrogen has been replaced by a butoxymethyl group.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amide; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
du-21220 Ritodrine: An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR.. 4-[2-[[1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl group.	2.04	1	0	benzyl alcohols; polyphenol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
rose bengal b disodium salt [no description available]	2.05	1	0
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.05	1	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
dexchlorpheniramine dexchlorpheniramine: RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer	3.23	1	0	chlorphenamine
ribostamycin Ribostamycin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial isolated from Streptomyces ribosifidicus.. ribostamycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is 4,6-diaminocyclohexane-1,2,3-triol having a 2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 1 and a beta-D-ribosyl residue attached at position 2. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces ribosidificus (formerly S. thermoflavus).	2.04	1	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; metabolite
clometacin clometacin: structure	3.59	2	0	N-acylindole
cefazolin Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	4.55	7	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; tetrazoles; thiadiazoles	antibacterial drug
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	4.87	10	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.	4.56	7	0	timolol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
indoramin Indoramin: An alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist that is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.04	1	0	tryptamines
tramadol Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.	2.17	1	0	2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antitussive; capsaicin receptor antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; muscarinic antagonist; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
nicergoline Nicergoline: An ergot derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. It may ameliorate cognitive deficits in CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS.	2.05	1	0	organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
oxcarbazepine Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy.	3.59	2	0	cyclic ketone; dibenzoazepine	anticonvulsant; drug allergen
carbidopa carbidopa (anhydrous) : 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used (commonly as its hydrate) in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.	3.63	2	0	catechols; hydrazines; monocarboxylic acid	antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
toloxatone toloxatone: oxazolidinone derivative; psychotropic drug; structure. toloxatone : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-toloxatone. It is a reversible monoamine oxidase A inhibitor and antidepressant.. 5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one substituted by a 3-methylphenyl group at position 3.	2.45	2	0	oxazolidinone; primary alcohol; toluenes
moricizine hydrochloride moricizine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained from equimola amounts of moricizine and hydrogen chloride.	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride	anti-arrhythmia drug
moricizine Moricizine: An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances.. moricizine : A phenothiazine substituted on the nitrogen by a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propanoyl group, and at position 2 by an (ethoxycarbonyl)amino group.	3.23	1	0	carbamate ester; morpholines; phenothiazines	anti-arrhythmia drug
amineptin amineptin: used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure. amineptine : A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne.	4.1	4	0	amino acid; carbocyclic fatty acid; carbotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound	antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	4.95	11	0	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
pirprofen pirprofen: anti-inflammatory agent used in therapy of rheumatoid arthritis; prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor; more potent than indomethacin; structure	4.42	6	0	pyrroline
sisomicin Sisomicin: Antibiotic produced by Micromonospora inyoensis. It is closely related to gentamicin C1A, one of the components of the gentamicin complex (GENTAMICINS).	2.45	2	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic; beta-L-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative
serentil mesoridazine besylate : The benzenesulfonate salt of mesoridazine prepared using equimolar amounts of mesoridazine and benzenesulfonic acid.	2.46	2	0	organosulfonate salt	dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
amdinocillin Amdinocillin: An amidinopenicillanic acid derivative with broad spectrum antibacterial action.. mecillinam : A penicillin in which the 6beta substituent is [(azepan-1-yl)methylidene]amino; an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria.	2.04	1	0	penicillin	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.	3.15	5	0	amino cyclitol glycoside	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	4.85	10	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide [no description available]	4.66	8	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p [no description available]	3.83	2	1	peptide	neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
propafenone hydrochloride propafenone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of propafenone. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride	anti-arrhythmia drug
dobutamine Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.	4.8	5	0	catecholamine; secondary amine	beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
ticarcillin Ticarcillin: An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action.. ticarcillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[(2R)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino side-group.	2.45	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
trimazosin trimazosin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
penbutolol Penbutolol: A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent.	3.89	3	0	ethanolamines
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	4.86	10	0	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
adinazolam adinazolam: structure in first source. adinazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a dimethylaminomethyl group at the 1-position, a phenyl group at the 6-position and a chloro substituent at the 8-position.	2.74	3	0	triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; sedative
amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.	9.08	4	0	alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin
tolamolol [no description available]	2.04	1	0
carbidopa [no description available]	2.75	3	0	catechols; hydrate; hydrazines; monocarboxylic acid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
cephradine Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.	4.41	6	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
ticrynafen Ticrynafen: A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.. tienilic acid : An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis.	4.56	7	0	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	antihypertensive agent; hepatotoxic agent; loop diuretic
methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	4.77	9	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent
tocainide Tocainide: An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of SODIUM CHANNELS.. tocainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide in which 2,6-dimethylphenylaniline and isobutyric acid have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.	2.74	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide	anti-arrhythmia drug; local anaesthetic; sodium channel blocker
sulbenicillin Sulbenicillin: Semisynthetic penicillin-type antibiotic.. sulbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-[phenyl(sulfo)acetamido] side-chain.	2.45	2	0	penicillin
bezafibrate [no description available]	2.75	3	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.	3.3	6	0
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	4.77	9	0	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
nonachlazine Nonachlazine: Coronary vasodilator with a novel mechanism of action; proposed as antianginal agent.	2.05	1	0
vecuronium bromide Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.. vecuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.	2.04	1	0	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent; nicotinic antagonist
vecuronium vecuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.	3.23	1	0	acetate ester; androstane; quaternary ammonium ion	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent; nicotinic antagonist
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	2.04	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
dexibuprofen dexibuprofen: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	ibuprofen	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
benoxaprofen benoxaprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. benoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals.	4.43	6	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antipsoriatic; antipyretic; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; nephrotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; protein kinase C agonist
permethrin hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141	2.75	3	0	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes	agrochemical; ectoparasiticide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide; scabicide
exifone [no description available]	3.59	2	0	benzophenones
pirfenidone pirfenidone : A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted at positions 1 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups respectively. An anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.	2.49	2	0	pyridone	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mefloquine (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.	3.23	1	0	[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol	antimalarial
desogestrel Desogestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED).	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
flecainide acetate flecainide acetate : An acetate salt obtained by combining flecainide with one molar equivalent of acetic acid. An antiarrhythmic agent used to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).	2.46	2	0	acetate salt	anti-arrhythmia drug
meptazinol Meptazinol: A narcotic antagonist with analgesic properties. It is used for the control of moderate to severe pain.	2.45	2	0	azepanes
nicardipine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0	dihydropyridine	geroprotector
muzolimine Muzolimine: A pyrazole diuretic with long duration and high capacity of action. It was proposed for kidney failure and hypertension but was withdrawn worldwide because of severe neurological effects.	2.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene
nitazoxanide nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug	3.71	2	0	benzamides; carboxylic ester
sufentanil Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	4.27	5	0	anilide; ether; piperidines; thiophenes	anaesthesia adjuvant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
acarbose [no description available]	3.23	1	0	tetrasaccharide derivative	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
torsemide Torsemide: A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.. torasemide : An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure.	4.41	6	0	aminopyridine; N-sulfonylurea; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; loop diuretic
medroxalol medroxalol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.04	1	0	salicylamides
epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.	4.41	6	0	aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
flumecinol flumecinol: liver microsomal drug metabolizing enzyme inducer	3.7	1	0	diarylmethane
cefmetazole Cefmetazole: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.. cefmetazole : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl, {[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}amino and methoxy side-groups at positions 3, 7beta and 7alpha respectively of the parent cephem bicyclic structure.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
desflurane Desflurane: A fluorinated ether that is used as a volatile anesthetic for maintenance of general anesthesia.	2.05	1	0	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
indacrinone indacrinone: polyvalent saluretic; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.46	2	0
closantel closantel: structure. N-{5-chloro-4-[(4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl]-2-methylphenyl}-2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzamide : An aromatic amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid with the amino group of aniline substituted at positions 2, 4, and 5 by methyl, (4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl, and methyl groups respectively.. closantel : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-clostanel. An anthelmintic, it is used (as the dihydrate of the sodium salt) in veterinary medicine for the treatment of fluke and nematode infections.	2.41	1	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile; organoiodine compound; phenols
lorcainide [no description available]	2.74	3	0	acetamides
idarubicin Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.	4.07	4	0	anthracycline antibiotic; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative
ceforanide ceforanide: RN given refers to (6R-(trans))-isomer. ceforanide : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with {[1-(carboxymethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and 2-(aminomethyl)phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is effective against many coliforms, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus, and most strains of Salmonella, Shigella, Hemophilus, Citrobacter and Arizona species.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
piperacillin Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	4.08	4	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.	5.48	11	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	4.77	9	0	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cefoperazone Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.	4.08	4	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
foscarnet sodium trisodium phosphonoformate : The trisodium salt of phosphonoformic acid. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.	2.05	1	0	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antiviral drug
atracurium Atracurium: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.. atracurium : A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.	3.86	3	0	diester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
butoconazole nitrate butoconazole nitrate : An organic nitrate salt obtained by reaction of equimolar amounts of butaconazole and nitric acid. An antifungal agent, it is used in gynaecology for treatment of vulvovaginal infections caused by Candida species, particularly Candida albicans.	2.46	2	0	aryl sulfide; conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; organic nitrate salt
moxalactam Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.	2.74	3	0	cephalosporin; oxacephem	antibacterial drug
nicorandil Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.	2.05	1	0	nitrate ester; pyridinecarboxamide	potassium channel opener; vasodilator agent
endralazine BQ 22-708: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.44	2	0	benzamides
pergolide Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.. pergolide : A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.	3.23	1	0	diamine; methyl sulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	2.48	2	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
cefadroxil anhydrous Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	4.54	7	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
encainide Encainide: One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM.. encainide : 4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market.	3.15	5	0	benzamides; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug; sodium channel blocker
triclabendazole [no description available]	7.17	1	0	aromatic ether
nedocromil Nedocromil: A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including EOSINOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MACROPHAGES; MAST CELLS; MONOCYTES; AND PLATELETS.	6.8	7	3	dicarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fialuridine [no description available]	4.08	4	0
doxofylline doxofylline : An oxopurine that is a derivative of xanthine, methylated at N-1 and N-3 and carrying a 1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl group at N-7, used in the treatment of asthma.	5.37	2	2	oxopurine	anti-asthmatic drug; antitussive; bronchodilator agent
cefaclor anhydrous Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	3.85	3	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
pefloxacin Pefloxacin: A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.. pefloxacin : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.	2.74	3	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
mitoxantrone hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride	antineoplastic agent
pirazolac [no description available]	2.03	1	0
alfentanil Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.	4.08	4	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	central nervous system depressant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
miglustat miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.	3.59	2	0	piperidines; tertiary amino compound	anti-HIV agent; EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor
haloperidol decanoate [no description available]	3.23	1	0	organic molecular entity
cefotetan Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.	4.26	5	0
recainam recainam: structure given in first source	2.74	3	0
albendazole sulfone albendazole sulfone: structure given in first source	2.17	1	0	organic sulfide
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	4.76	9	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
flupirtine flupirtine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.74	3	0	aminopyridine
tolrestat tolrestat: RN & structure given in first source	3.87	3	0	naphthalenes	EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
enoximone Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.	2.96	4	0	aromatic ketone
piritrexim piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	9.68	8	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
idazoxan Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.	2.45	2	0	benzodioxine; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
remoxipride Remoxipride: An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia.	2.97	4	0	dimethoxybenzene
balsalazide balsalazide: a mesalamine 5-aminosalicylate prodrug; 99% of ingested drug remains intact through the stomach and is delivered to and activated in the colon; used for inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis and radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis but avoided in patients with known hypersensitivity reaction to salicylates or mesalamine; structure in first source. balsalazide : A monohydroxybenzoic acid consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) linked to 4-aminobenzoyl-beta-alanine via an azo bond.	3.23	1	0
pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.	4.77	9	0	3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic)	anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic
cabergoline Cabergoline: An ergoline derivative and dopamine D2-agonist that inhibits PROLACTIN secretion. It is used in the management of HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, and to suppress lactation following childbirth for medical reasons. Cabergoline is also used in the management of PARKINSON DISEASE.. cabergoline : An N-acylurea that is (8R)-ergoline-8-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is substituted by an allyl group and the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen are substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group and an N-ethylcarbamoyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, cabergoline is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and of disorders associated with hyperprolactinaemia.	8.91	3	0	N-acylurea	antineoplastic agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist
bambuterol bambuterol: selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase & acetylcholinesterase. bambuterol : A carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.	7.96	4	0	carbamate ester; phenylethanolamines	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; prodrug; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
atomoxetine hydrochloride Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.. atomoxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine.	2.05	1	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant
atomoxetine atomoxetine : A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents.	4.66	8	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound; toluenes	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
quinapril Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	4.08	4	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
alpidem [no description available]	4.27	5	0	imidazoles
eproxindine eproxindine: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
gepirone gepirone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.	3.59	2	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive
itraconazole Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.	3.9	2	1	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; N-arylpiperazine; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
trospectomycin trospectomycin: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; RN refers to 2R-(2alpha,4abeta,5abeta,6beta,7beta,8beta,9beta,9alpha,9aalpha,10abeta)-(9CI)-isomer	2.04	1	0	dioxanes
(S)-nomifensine (S)-nomifensine : The S enantiomer of nomifensine.	2.03	1	0	nomifensine
fosphenytoin fosphenytoin: structure given in first & second source	3.23	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
salmeterol xinafoate Salmeterol Xinafoate: A selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.	15.81	82	40	naphthoic acid
ranolazine Ranolazine: An acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS.. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. ranolazine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina.	3.61	2	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; monomethoxybenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; secondary alcohol
fura-2 Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.	2.45	2	0
ablukast [no description available]	3.09	1	0
finasteride Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.	10.82	6	1	3-oxo steroid; aza-steroid; delta-lactam	androgen antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
sematilide sematilide: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source	2.74	3	0
esmolol methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.	4.1	4	0	aromatic ether; ethanolamines; methyl ester; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
temafloxacin temafloxacin: structure given in first source. temafloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-temafloxacin. Both enantiomers both exhibit similar pharmacological profiles. Temafloxacin was briefly used (either as the free base or as the hydrochloride salt) as an antibacterial drug but was withdrawn worldwide in 1992 following reports of serious side effects, including severe hypoglycaemia, haemolytic anaemia, liver and kidney dysfunction, anaphylaxis, and death.. 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-fluoro-7-(3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 1, 6, and 7 by 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluorine, and 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.	2.46	2	0	amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound
(2S)-2-[[oxo-(4-propan-2-ylcyclohexyl)methyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoic acid [no description available]	2.03	1	0	phenylalanine derivative
clinafloxacin clinafloxacin: structure given in first source; RN given is for monoHCl	3.15	5	0	quinolines
adefovir adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	4.08	4	0	6-aminopurines; ether; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent
loxiglumide loxiglumide: cholecystokinin receptor antagonist; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; structure in first source	2.45	2	0	organic molecular entity
aromasil [no description available]	3.23	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sparfloxacin [no description available]	2.96	4	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone
zileuton [no description available]	12.39	42	3	1-benzothiophenes; ureas	anti-asthmatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
wy 48252 Wy 48252: leukotriene D4 antagonist	3.09	1	0
clopidogrel Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.	10.52	4	1	methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
cidofovir anhydrous Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.	4.26	5	0	phosphonic acids; pyrimidone	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; photosensitizing agent
tiagabine Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.	4.25	5	0	beta-amino acid; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid; tertiary amino compound; thiophenes	anticonvulsant; GABA reuptake inhibitor
mibefradil Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.	2.74	3	0	tetralins	T-type calcium channel blocker
topotecan Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.	4.07	4	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
bromfenac bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure.	4.87	10	0	aromatic amino acid; benzophenones; organobromine compound; substituted aniline	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	3.85	3	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
ibutilide ibutilide: RN & structure in first source; RN refers to the fumarate salt	3.85	3	0	benzenes; organic amino compound
aripiprazole Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.	3.58	2	0	aromatic ether; delta-lactam; dichlorobenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone	drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic agonist
remifentanil Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.	3.85	3	0	alpha-amino acid ester; anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidinecarboxylate ester	intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; sedative
atorvastatin [no description available]	4.55	7	0	aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic)	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
lamivudine [no description available]	4.86	10	0	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol	allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
duloxetine [no description available]	3.87	3	0	duloxetine
irinotecan [no description available]	4.08	4	0	carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
pobilukast pobilukast: a leukotriene receptor antagonist; an antiasthmatic agent; structure in first source; RN refers to (R-(R,S)-isomer	4.29	3	0
valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.	4.76	9	0	biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ibandronic acid Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.	3.58	2	0
ziprasidone ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.	9.42	6	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; indolones; organochlorine compound; piperazines	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
zanamivir Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.	2.74	3	0	guanidines	antiviral agent; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
zolmitriptan zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist. zolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.	4.25	5	0	oxazolidinone; tryptamines	anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
adefovir dipivoxil bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	2.05	1	0	6-aminopurines; carbonate ester; ether; organic phosphonate	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent; prodrug
emtricitabine Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.	3.57	2	0	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidone	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
tasosartan tasosartan: angiotensin II antagonist; structure given in first source	4.28	5	0	biphenyls
mk 0591 MK 0591: structure given in first source; MK 0591 was previously L-686,708; inhibits leukotriene biosynthesis by inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase activating protein	2.94	1	0
saquinavir monomethanesulfonate [no description available]	2.46	2	0	organic molecular entity
tiludronic acid tiludronic acid: a bone resorption inhibitor; an antihypercalcemic agent; used in the tratment of Paget's disease; used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis; structure given in first source	3.23	1	0	organochlorine compound
tirofiban Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.	3.85	3	0	L-tyrosine derivative; piperidines; sulfonamide	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
capecitabine Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.	3.83	3	0	carbamate ester; cytidines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	5.79	6	1	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
allyl formate [no description available]	2.46	2	0
pipothiazine pipothiazine: was heading 1975-94 (see under PHENOTHIAZINE TRANQUILIZERS 1975-90); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search PIPOTHIAZINE 1975-94; a member of the family of phenothiazine tranquilizers	2.03	1	0
desferrioxamine b mesylate desferrioxamine B mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained by reaction of desferrioxamine B with one molar equivalent of methanesulfonic acid. It is an iron-chelating medicine used to remove excess iron from the body. It binds to iron in the blood, which is then passed out in the urine.	2.46	2	0	methanesulfonate salt	antidote; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator
bupropion hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0	aromatic ketone
cisatracurium cisatracurium: RN refers to (1R-(1alpha,2alpha(1'R,2'R)))-isomer. cisatracurium : A diester that is the (1R,1'R,2R,2'R)-diastereoisomer of atracurium, a quaternary ammonium ion consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxy functions bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups. The active species in the skeletal muscle relaxant cisatracurium besylate.	2.04	1	0	diester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
halofuginone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	quinazolines
diltiazem hydrochloride Carex: fluoride (1.8%) containing varnish; no further information available 8/91. diltiazem hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of diltiazem and hydrogen chloride. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	2.05	1	0	hydrochloride	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
fosinoprilat fosinoprilat: active phosphinic acid metabolite of prodrug fosenopril, which is activated by esterases in vivo; structure given in first source; binds zinc with phosphinic acid group. fosinoprilat : A phosphinic acid-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. An inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), it is used as the phosphinate ester pro-drug fosinopril for treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure.	2.04	1	0	L-proline derivative; phosphinic acids	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
ortho-cept ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel combination: Ethinyl Estradiol and Desogestrell given in fixed proportions; has proved to be an effective & well-tolerated oral contraceptive, which improves cycle control & has a beneficial effect on acne	2.05	1	0
trovafloxacin trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure.	4.67	8	0
verapamil hydrochloride verapamil hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil hydrochloride and (S)-verapamil hydrochloride.	2.46	2	0
cefprozil [no description available]	3.86	3	0	cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
ciprofloxacin hydrochloride anhydrous [no description available]	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
efavirenz efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	9.1	4	0	acetylenic compound; benzoxazine; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.	3.87	3	0	aryl sulfide; benzamides; organic heterobicyclic compound; phenols; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; HIV protease inhibitor
amantadine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride	antiviral agent; dopamine agonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
doxapram hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydrochloride	central nervous system stimulant
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	2.75	3	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
fenofibric acid fenofibric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylpropanoic acid substituted by a 4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug fenofibrate.	3.23	1	0	aromatic ketone; chlorobenzophenone; monocarboxylic acid	drug metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite
1,5-anhydroglucitol 1,5-anhydroglucitol: structure. 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol : An anhydro sugar of D-glucitol.	2.05	1	0	anhydro sugar	human metabolite
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	2.05	1	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
betulinic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite
plerixafor plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.	3.23	1	0	azacycloalkane; azamacrocycle; benzenes; crown amine; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist; immunological adjuvant
amprenavir [no description available]	3.59	2	0	carbamate ester; sulfonamide; tetrahydrofuryl ester	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
oseltamivir Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.	4.09	4	0	acetamides; amino acid ester; cyclohexenecarboxylate ester; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; prodrug; xenobiotic
dobutamine hydrochloride dobutamine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dobutamine. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride	beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.	2.45	2	0	glutathione derivative; organic disulfide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
iopamidol Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.	2.74	3	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound; pentol	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
sulconazole, mononitrate, (+-)-isomer [no description available]	2.46	2	0	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; organic nitrate salt
histamine phosphate histamine phosphate : A phosphate salt that is the diphosphate salt of histamine.	4.93	2	1	phosphate salt	histamine agonist
imipramine n-oxide imipramine N-oxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	dibenzooxazepine
tilbroquinol [no description available]	3.59	2	0	organohalogen compound; quinolines
bendamustine [no description available]	3.59	2	0	benzimidazoles
erdosteine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
droxicam droxicam: structure given in first source. droxicam : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2H,5H-[1,3]oxazino[5,6-c][1,2]benzothiazine-2,4(3H)-dione 6,6-dioxide substituted at positions 3 and 5 by pyridin-2-yl and methyl groups respectively. A prodrug of piroxicam, it is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.	3.59	2	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; pyridines	cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prodrug
ebrotidine ebrotidine: an H2-receptor antagonist and gastric mucosa protector	3.59	2	0	sulfonamide
mizolastine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzimidazoles
dexloxiglumide dexloxiglumide: a CCK receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.74	3	0	glutamic acid derivative
intoplicine intoplicine: structure in first source	2.45	2	0	pyridoindole
repaglinide [no description available]	11.15	9	1	piperidines
telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.	4.54	7	0	benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
dexfenfluramine Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects.	2.73	3	0	fenfluramine	appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
2-methoxyestradiol 2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	angiogenesis modulating agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate: RN given refers to the (17alpha)-isomer	2.04	1	0
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	2.73	3	0	1,2,3-triazole
apaflurane [no description available]	4.34	1	1
trimethobenzamide monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0
amiloride hydrochloride amiloride hydrochloride dihydrate : A hydrate that is the dihydrate of amiloride hydrochloride.	2.46	2	0	hydrate	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate: binds to albumin at 2 sites	2.04	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; steroid sulfate	antineoplastic agent; estrogen
econazole nitrate econazole nitrate : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole nitrate. Used to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.	2.46	2	0
medetomidine Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.	2.05	1	0	imidazoles
sertraline Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.	4.42	6	0	dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins	antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor
lomefloxacin hydrochloride lomefloxacin hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of lomefloxacin. It is administered by mouth to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used topically as eye drops for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis, and as ear drops for the treatment of otitis externa and otitis media.	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride	antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; photosensitizing agent
picosulfate sodium picosulfate sodium: contains two active ingredients, sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate, which are both laxatives; structure	2.05	1	0	aryl sulfate; pyridines
cefcanel cefcanel: RN given refers to (6R-(6 alpha,7 beta(R*)))-isomer; structure	2.45	2	0
zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.	3.85	3	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles	bone density conservation agent
epristeride epristeride: structure given in first source	2.74	3	0	steroid acid
talinolol [no description available]	2.74	3	0	ureas
dienogest [no description available]	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; aliphatic nitrile; steroid hormone	progesterone receptor agonist; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
flunoxaprofen flunoxaprofen: structure given in first source. flunoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group (the S-enantiomer). Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, the clinical use of flunoxaprofen was discontinued due to possible hepatotoxic side-effects.	2.46	2	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound	antirheumatic drug; hepatotoxic agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; protein kinase C agonist
tianeptine tianeptine: structure given in first source. tianeptine : A racemate comprising of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tianeptine. It is an atypical antidepressant used in Europe to treat patients who respond poorly to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).. 7-[(3-chloro-6-methyl-5,5-dioxido-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepin-11-yl)amino]heptanoic acid : A member of the class of dibenzothiazepines that is 3-chloro-6-methyl-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepine 5,5-dioxide substituted by a (6-carboxyhexyl)amino group at position 11.. (S)-tianeptine : The S-enantiomer of tianeptine.	2.46	2	0	dibenzothiazepine; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound
drospirenone drospirenone: a progestational compound with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; steroid lactone	aldosterone antagonist; contraceptive drug; progestin
fenflumizole fenflumizole: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
morphazinamide morphazinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; RN in Chemline for mono-HCL: 1473-73-0; structure in Merck Index	2.05	1	0	morpholines; pyrazines; secondary carboxamide
denaverine denaverine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	diarylmethane
acamprosate Acamprosate: Structural analog of taurine that is used for the prevention of relapse in individuals with ALCOHOLISM.. acamprosate : An organosulfonic acid that is propane-1-sulfonic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3.	3.23	1	0	acetamides; organosulfonic acid	environmental contaminant; neurotransmitter agent; xenobiotic
isaxonine isaxonine: promotes nerve growth	3.59	2	0	aminopyrimidine
diprafenone diprafenone: structure given in first source	2.45	2	0	aromatic compound
nebivolol 2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] : A member of the class of chromanes that is 2,2'-iminodiethanol in which one hydrogen attached to each hydroxy-bearing carbon is replaced by a 6-fluorochroman-2-yl group.	3.58	2	0	chromanes; diol; organofluorine compound; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
uk 68798 [no description available]	4.26	5	0	aromatic ether; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; potassium channel blocker
ljc 10627 biapenem: structure given in first source. biapenem : A carbapenem antibiotic in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolium-6-ylthio substituents respectively.	2.45	2	0	carbapenems; organic sulfide; pyrazolotriazole	antibacterial drug
hp 873 iloperidone: an atypical, negative symptom antipsychotic agent. iloperidone : A member of the class of piperidines that is the 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenyl ether of 3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol which is substituted at position 4 of the piperidine ring by a 6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl group. A member of the group of second generation antipsychotics (also known as an atypical antipsychotics), it is used for the treatment of schizophrenia.	3.23	1	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; methyl ketone; monoamine; organofluorine compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	dopaminergic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
dexrazoxane Dexrazoxane: The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane.	4.08	4	0	razoxane	antineoplastic agent; cardiovascular drug; chelator; immunosuppressive agent
loperamide hydrochloride loperamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining loperamide with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride	anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist
fenoxypropazine [no description available]	3.59	2	0	aromatic ether
voriconazole Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.	4.1	4	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	P450 inhibitor
betamipron [no description available]	2.04	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
bufuralol bufuralol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.97	4	0	benzofurans
aceclofenac [no description available]	3.23	1	0	amino acid; carboxylic ester; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
suplatast tosilate [no description available]	2.25	1	0
nitrefazole [no description available]	3.59	2	0	imidazoles
panipenem panipenem: synthetic cpd; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
perindoprilat perindoprilat : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of N-[(1S)-1-carboxyethyl]-L-norvaline with the amino group of (2S,3aS,7aS)-octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid. The major active metabolite of perindopril.	2.04	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide; L-alanine derivative; organic heterobicyclic compound	antihypertensive agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cyclobutyrol cyclobutyrol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclobutyrol : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid in which the hydroxy group is geminal to a 1-carboxypropyl group on a cyclohexane ring.	2.05	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	bile therapy drug
prednisolone phosphate prednisolone phosphate: RN given refers to (11 beta)-isomer. prednisolone phosphate : A synthetic glucocorticoid resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy group of prednisolone with one of the hydroxy groups of phosphoric acid. It is a prodrug for prednisolone that is activated in vivo by phosphatases.	2.03	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; glucocorticoid; steroid phosphate; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; glucocorticoid receptor agonist; prodrug
terlipressin terlivaz: first FDA approved injection to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) with rapid reduction in kidney function.	2.05	1	0	polypeptide
(S)-flurbiprofen [no description available]	2.03	1	0	flurbiprofen
7-hydroxystaurosporine [no description available]	2.04	1	0
methotrimeprazine Methotrimeprazine: A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methotrimeprazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.	2.45	2	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; cholinergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist
a 75925 A 75925: has HIV antiviral & HIV type 1 protease inhibitory activity	2.13	1	0
isoflavone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	isoflavones
clevudine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
9-aminocamptothecin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline
sch 34343 Sch 34343: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (5R-(5alpha,6alpha))-isomer	2.45	2	0
grepafloxacin grepafloxacin: structure in first source	2.46	2	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolines; quinolone antibiotic
squalamine squalamine: from dogfish shark Squalus acanthias; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	bile acid
tetrandrine tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity	2.05	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
doripenem Doripenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS.	3.23	1	0	carbapenems
2-naphthylisothiocyanate [no description available]	2.46	2	0
atovaquone Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.	4.25	5	0	hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
rivastigmine [no description available]	3.85	3	0	carbamate ester; tertiary amino compound	cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
frovatriptan [no description available]	4.08	4	0	carbazoles
eletriptan eletriptan: 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source. eletriptan : An N-alkylpyrrolidine, that is N-methylpyrrolidine in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a {5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methyl group.	3.85	3	0	indoles; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfone	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
rosiglitazone [no description available]	11.63	15	1	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
bexarotene [no description available]	3.23	1	0	benzoic acids; naphthalenes; retinoid	antineoplastic agent
flunisolide flunisolide: flunisolide HFA is a formulation of flunisolide using hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) as propellant in place of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) ones	3.84	3	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
chloroquine diphosphate [no description available]	2.46	2	0
orphenadrine citrate orphenadrine citrate : A citrate salt which comprises equimolar amounts of orphenadrine and citric acid.	2.46	2	0	citrate salt	H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; NMDA receptor antagonist; parasympatholytic
albendazole sulfoxide albendazole sulfoxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.17	1	0	sulfoxide
ketorolac tromethamine Ketorolac Tromethamine: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity.. ketorolac tromethamine : An organoammonium salt resulting from the mixture of equimolar amounts of ketorolac and tromethamine (tris). It has potent non-sedating analgesic and moderate anti-inflammatory effects. It is used in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.	2.46	2	0	organoammonium salt	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.	6.5	13	1	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	2.96	4	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
n-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide: nephrotoxic; post-treatment enhanced induction of renal cell tumors in rats by dimethylnitrosamine, pre-treatment inhibited induction of tumors, & alone caused interstitial nephritis but no tumors	2.46	2	0	pyrrolidines
moexipril [no description available]	3.57	2	0	peptide
phentolamine mesylate [no description available]	2.46	2	0
oxybutynin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride
4-hydroxypropranolol 4-hydroxypropranolol: metabolite of propanolol; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.08	1	0	naphthols
1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene [no description available]	2.05	1	0	secondary alcohol
acetylsalicylic acid lysinate acetylsalicylic acid lysinate: RN given refers to (L)-lysine, unspecified salicylate salt	3.4	1	1
cordium bepridil hydrochloride monohydrate : The hydrochloride monohydrate of bepridril.	2.46	2	0	hydrate; hydrochloride
lekoptin (S)-verapamil : A 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile that has S configuration.	2.03	1	0	2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile
tarenflurbil tarenflurbil: R-enantiomer of flurbiprofen but not a COX inhibitor; modulates NF-kB, gamma-secretase, amyloid beta-protein;	2.03	1	0	flurbiprofen
mci 9038 [no description available]	3.58	2	0	peptide
lopinavir [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amphetamines; dicarboxylic acid diamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	2.41	1	0	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
hexylglutathione S-hexylglutathione : An S-substituted glutathione that is glutathione in which the hydrogen of the thiol has been replaced by a hexyl group (PDB entry: 1PN9).	2.11	1	0	S-substituted glutathione
cinchonidine cinchonidine: has antimalarial activity; diastereoisomer of cinchonine with distinct physiochemical properties; RN given refers to parent cpd(8alpha,9R)-isomer. cinchonidine : 8-epi-Cinchonan in which a hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by hydroxy (R configuration). A diasteroisomer of cinchonine, it occurs in the bark of most varieties of Cinchona shrubs, and is frequently used for directing chirality in asymmetric synthesis.	2.08	1	0	(8xi)-cinchonan-9-ol; cinchona alkaloid	metabolite
alexidine dihydrchloride [no description available]	2.41	1	0
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	2.13	1	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
fulvestrant Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.	3.23	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist
imipenem, anhydrous Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.	2.45	2	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carbapenems; zwitterion	antibacterial drug
sr141716 [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles	anti-obesity agent; appetite depressant; CB1 receptor antagonist
bosentan anhydrous Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.	4.77	9	0	primary alcohol; pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
fpl 55712 FPL 55712: inhibitor of SRS-A and LTC4 and LTD4 receptors	4.63	3	0	aromatic ketone
selenomethionine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; selenomethionine	plant metabolite
fura-2-am fura-2-am: pentaester precursor of fura-2	2.05	1	0
perindopril Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline	3.59	2	0	alpha-amino acid ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
n-monodemethyldiltiazem N-monodemethyldiltiazem: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.08	1	0	benzothiazepine
asulacrine asulacrine: derivative of amsacrine; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	acridines
hydroxycotinine hydroxycotinine: metabolite of nicotine; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure. trans-3-hydroxycotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is cotinine substituted at position C-3 by a hydroxy group (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).	2.04	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid
fingolimod fingolimod : An aminodiol that consists of propane-1,3-diol having amino and 2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl substituents at the 2-position. It is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prodrug, fingolimod is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to active metabolite fingolimod-phosphate, a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate.	2.05	1	0	aminodiol; primary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; CB1 receptor antagonist; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
quinaprilat quinaprilat: metabolite of quinapril. quinaprilat : A dicarboxylic acid resulting from the hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group of quinapril to give the corresponding dicarboxylic acid. The active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) of the prodrug quinapril.	2.74	3	0	dicarboxylic acid; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
2-hydroxyimipramine 2-hydroxyimipramine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.45	2	0	dibenzoazepine
ecteinascidin 743 [no description available]	2.45	2	0	acetate ester; azaspiro compound; bridged compound; hemiaminal; isoquinoline alkaloid; lactone; organic heteropolycyclic compound; organic sulfide; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; marine metabolite
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.	2	1	0	2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent
exp3174 losartan carboxylic acid: structure given in first source. losartan carboxylic acid : A biphenylyltetrazole that is losartan with the hydroxymethyl group at position 5 on the imidazole ring replaced with a carboxylic acid.	2.03	1	0	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles; organochlorine compound	metabolite
tadalafil [no description available]	3.61	2	0	benzodioxoles; pyrazinopyridoindole	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
precirol precirol: octadecanoic acid esters; 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester mixed with 3-hydroxy-2-((1-oxohexadecyl)oxy)propyl octadienoate & 2-((1-oxohexadecyl)oxy)-1,3-propanediol; auxiliary in tableting; alpha glycerol palmitostearate	2.1	1	0
ibuprofen, (r)-isomer [no description available]	2.03	1	0	ibuprofen
thromboxanes thromboxane : A class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.	2.77	3	0
sc 41930 SC 41930: leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist; structure in first source	3.09	1	0
paliperidone 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.. paliperidone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone. Paliperidone is the primary active metabolite of the older antipsychotic risperidone and is used for treatment of schizophrenia.	3.23	1	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine; secondary alcohol
nitisinone [no description available]	3.59	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; cyclohexanones; mesotrione	EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
marimastat marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.	2.05	1	0	hydroxamic acid; secondary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
clofarabine [no description available]	3.59	2	0	adenosines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
arg-3-hyp-7-phe-bradykinin NPC 567: bradykinin receptor antagonist. NPC-567 : A ten-membered oligopeptide comprising D-arginyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, (4R)-4-hydroxy-L-prolyl, glycyl, L-phenylalanyl, L-seryl, D-phenylalanyl, L-phenylalanyl and L-arginine residues joined in sequence.	2	1	0	oligopeptide	bradykinin receptor antagonist
pramipexole Pramipexole: A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. pramipexole : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.	3.57	2	0	benzothiazoles; diamine	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; radical scavenger
valdecoxib [no description available]	3.61	2	0	isoxazoles; sulfonamide	antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mitiglinide mitiglinide: a rapid and short-acting hypoglycemic agent; acts on sulfonylurea receptor closing KATP channels; considered one of the glinides-an imprecise grouping; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid
l 648051 L 648051: antagonist of leukotriene D4 receptor; structure in first source	3.09	1	0
ly 255283 LY 255283: structure given in UD; leukotriene B4 antagonist	3.09	1	0	aromatic ketone
ici 200355 ICI 200355: structure given in first source	2	1	0
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	2.5	2	0	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
almotriptan almotriptan : An indole compound having a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group at the 3-position and a (pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)methyl group at the 5-position.	4.07	4	0	indoles; sulfonamide; tertiary amine	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
mk 0663 [no description available]	2.52	2	0	bipyridines; organochlorine compound; sulfone	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gefitinib [no description available]	4.56	7	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.	2.05	1	0	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organoiodine compound	adenosine A3 receptor agonist
bay x 1005 2-(4-(quinolin-2-yl-methoxy)phenyl)-2-cyclopentylacetic acid: inhibits synthesis of leukotriene B4 and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; inhibits five-lipoxygenase activating protein(FLAP)and leukotriene A4 hydrolase(LTA4H); structure given in first source;	3.09	1	0
rmi 12330a RMI 12330A: adenyl cyclase inhibitor in rat liver; RN given refers to (cis)-isomer; NM refers to HCl, (cis)-isomer; structure	2.01	1	0
desloratadine desloratadine: major metabolite of loratadine. desloratadine : Loratadine in which the ethoxycarbonyl group attached to the piperidine ring is replaced by hydrogen. The major metabolite of loratidine, desloratadine is an antihistamine which is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It does not readily enter the central nervous system, so does not cause drowsiness.	12.19	25	13	benzocycloheptapyridine	anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist
desvenlafaxine O-desmethylvenlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-hydroxyphenyl group. It is a metabolite of the drug venlafaxine.	3.23	1	0	cyclohexanols; phenols; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant; drug metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite
methotrexate [no description available]	8.06	15	1	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
triclabendazole sulfoxide [no description available]	2.17	1	0
sr 2640 SR 2640: leukotriene D4 and E4 antagonist	3.51	2	0	quinolines
rg 12525 RG 12525: leukotriene D4 antagonist; structure in first source	3.09	1	0
tamsulosin [no description available]	4.55	7	0	5-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antineoplastic agent
rufinamide rufinamide: for treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; structure in first source	3.23	1	0	aromatic amide; heteroarene
antiprimod azaspirane: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
sulbactam [no description available]	2.74	3	0	penicillanic acids
olmesartan medoxomil Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION.	3.59	2	0	biphenyls
dexpanthenol dexpanthenol: The alcohol of pantothenic acid	3.23	1	0	amino alcohol; monocarboxylic acid amide	cholinergic drug; provitamin
fosamprenavir fosamprenavir: a prodrug of the protease inhibitor amprenavir. fosamprenavir : A sulfonamide with a structure based on that of sulfanilamide substituted on the sulfonamide nitrogen by a (2R,3S)-4-phenyl-2-(phosphonooxy)-3-({[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]carbonyl}amino)butyl group. It is a pro-drug of the HIV protease inhibitor and antiretroviral drug amprenavir.	3.23	1	0	sulfonamide	prodrug
pagoclone RP 59037: a partial benzodiazepine receptor agonist; a cyclopyrrolone that induces hypothermia	2.08	1	0
ici d2138 ICI D2138: structure given in first source; inhibitor of leukotriene B4 synthesis	3.09	1	0
ilomastat CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source. ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor	2.05	1	0	hydroxamic acid; L-tryptophan derivative; N-acyl-amino acid	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl n-acetyltryptophan 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl N-acetyltryptophan: structure given in first source; substance P and neurokinin receptor antagonist	2.03	1	0
rupatadine rupatadine: structure given in first source; RN given refers to trihydrochloride	9.99	2	1	benzocycloheptapyridine
ml-3000 [no description available]	2.04	1	0
febuxostat Febuxostat: A thiazole derivative and inhibitor of XANTHINE OXIDASE that is used for the treatment of HYPERURICEMIA in patients with chronic GOUT.. febuxostat : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout.	4.19	4	0	1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid; aromatic ether; nitrile	EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
dilevalol (R,R)-labetalol : A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1R,2R-configuration.	2.45	2	0	2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide
beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.	2.21	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam
escitalopram Escitalopram: S-enantiomer of CITALOPRAM. Belongs to a class of drugs known as SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS, used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder.. escitalopram : A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the active enantiomer of citalopram.	3.57	2	0	1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile	antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin 10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin: structure in first source. pralatrexate : A pteridine that is the N-4-[1-(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)pent-4-yn-2-yl]benzoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. Used for treatment of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, an aggressive form of non-Hodgkins lymphoma.	3.23	1	0	N-acyl-L-glutamic acid; pteridines; terminal acetylenic compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
docetaxel [no description available]	2.97	4	0	hydrate; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.69	2	0	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
irofulven irofulven: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	cyclohexenones
atazanavir atazanavir : A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).	3.59	2	0	carbohydrazide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
ym 872 YM 872: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
nsc-141549 [no description available]	2.46	2	0
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	4.76	9	0	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ezetimibe Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).	3.59	2	0	azetidines; beta-lactam; organofluorine compound	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite
ertapenem Ertapenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.. ertapenem : Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract.	3.58	2	0	carbapenemcarboxylic acid; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial drug
dx 8951 [no description available]	2.04	1	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline
cox 189 lumiracoxib: a COX-2 inhibitor. lumiracoxib : An amino acid that is phenylacetic acid which is substituted at position 2 by the nitrogen of 2-chloro-6-fluoroaniline and at position 5 by a methyl group. A highly selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was briefly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, but was withdrawn due to concersns of hepatotoxicity.	3.87	3	0	amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cilomilast [no description available]	2.74	3	0	methoxybenzenes
conivaptan conivaptan : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).	3.86	3	0	benzazepine	aquaretic; vasopressin receptor antagonist
cariporide cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
tezosentan tezosentan: structure in first source	2.45	2	0
sabarubicin sabarubicin: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.	4.55	7	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug
pralnacasan pralnacasan: NSAID, ICE inhibitor & metastasis inhibitor; RN & structure in first source	3.59	2	0
clevidipine clevidipine: a calcium channel blocker and antihypertensive agent; structure in first source	3.58	2	0	dihydropyridine
jtt 501 JTT 501: an insulin sensitizer; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
solifenacin [no description available]	4.08	4	0	isoquinolines
dexmethylphenidate dexmethylphenidate : A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate in which both stereocentres have R configuration. It is the active enantiomer in the racemic drug methylphenidate.	3.23	1	0	methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate	adrenergic agent
hyoscyamine Hyoscyamine: The 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.. (S)-atropine : An atropine with a 2S-configuration.	2.07	1	0	tropane alkaloid
xamoterol Xamoterol: A phenoxypropanolamine derivative that is a selective beta-1-adrenergic agonist.	2.74	3	0	morpholines
disopyramide, (s)-isomer [no description available]	2.03	1	0
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	4.56	7	0	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
cinacalcet cinacalcet : A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group.	3.6	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; naphthalenes; secondary amino compound	calcimimetic; P450 inhibitor
lubiprostone [no description available]	3.23	1	0
atazanavir sulfate Atazanavir Sulfate: An azapeptide and HIV-PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.	2.72	2	0	organic sulfate salt
isradipine, (s)-isomer [no description available]	2.03	1	0
olmesartan olmesartan: an active metabolite of CS 866	2.74	3	0	biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent
telbivudine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
cyc 202 seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.	2.05	1	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
abanoquil [no description available]	2.04	1	0
paromomycin Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.	3.87	3	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
anidulafungin Anidulafungin: Echinocandin antifungal agent that is used in the treatment of CANDIDEMIA and CANDIDIASIS.. anidulafungin : A semisynthetic echinocandin anti-fungal drug. It is active against Aspergillus and Candida species and is used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis.	3.58	2	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; azamacrocycle; echinocandin; heterodetic cyclic peptide; semisynthetic derivative
avasimibe [no description available]	2.05	1	0	monoterpenoid
17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate 17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate: Hydroxyprogesterone derivative that acts as a PROGESTIN and is used to reduce the risk of recurrent MISCARRIAGE and of PREMATURE BIRTH. It is also used in combination with ESTROGEN in the management of MENSTRUATION DISORDERS.	3.23	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
varenicline Varenicline: A benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION.. varenicline : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking.	3.64	2	0
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	2.75	3	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	2.17	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
fiduxosin fiduxosin: fiduxosin (ABT-980) is the (3aR,9bR)-isomer; structure in first source	3.59	2	0
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	4.77	9	0
ropivacaine Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond.	2.04	1	0	piperidinecarboxamide; ropivacaine	local anaesthetic
erlotinib [no description available]	3.61	2	0	aromatic ether; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; terminal acetylenic compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist; protein kinase inhibitor
ly 293111 LY 293111: a leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	3.09	1	0	aromatic ether
ketoprofen [no description available]	2.03	1	0
melagatran [no description available]	2.74	3	0	azetidines; carboxamidine; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; secondary amino compound	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; serine protease inhibitor
bilastine [no description available]	3.01	3	0	benzimidazoles
aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	2.46	2	0	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite
carbocysteine Carbocysteine: A compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used as an anti-infective nasal spray with mucolytic and expectorant action.. S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine thioether that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a carboxymethyl group.	7.05	1	0	L-cysteine thioether; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	mucolytic
etravirine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	aminopyrimidine; aromatic ether; dinitrile; organobromine compound	antiviral agent; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
7-(3-(2-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3-methoxy-4-((methylamino)carbonyl)phenoxy)propoxy)-3,4-dihydro-8-propyl-2h-1-benzopyran-2-propanoic acid 7-(3-(2-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3-methoxy-4-((methylamino)carbonyl)phenoxy)propoxy)-3,4-dihydro-8-propyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-propanoic acid: structure in first source; inhibits leukotriene B4 receptors	3.09	1	0
troleandomycin Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.	2.97	4	0	acetate ester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyketide; semisynthetic derivative	EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor; xenobiotic
dronedarone Dronedarone: A non-iodinated derivative of amiodarone that is used for the treatment of ARRHYTHMIA.. dronedarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	3.23	1	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
tesaglitazar tesaglitazar: structure in first source	2.74	3	0
ramelteon ramelteon: melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor agonist	3.23	1	0	indanes
lapatinib [no description available]	4.1	4	0	furans; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; quinazolines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
darunavir Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.	3.23	1	0	carbamate ester; furofuran; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
deferasirox Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.	3.87	3	0	benzoic acids; monocarboxylic acid; phenols; triazoles	iron chelator
bms204352 BMS204352: a calcium-sensitive opener of maxi-K potassium channels; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
fosfluconazole fosfluconazole: prodrug of fluconazole	2.04	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	prodrug
tbc-11251 sitaxsentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist; structure in first source	3.59	2	0	benzodioxoles
tolvaptan [no description available]	3.23	1	0	benzazepine; benzenedicarboxamide	aquaretic; vasopressin receptor antagonist
sorafenib [no description available]	3.23	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
lenalidomide [no description available]	3.23	1	0	aromatic amine; dicarboximide; isoindoles; piperidones	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; immunomodulator
regadenoson [no description available]	3.23	1	0	purine nucleoside
lacosamide Lacosamide: An acetamide derivative that acts as a blocker of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, for adjunctive or monotherapy, in the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES.	3.23	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
cp 101,606 traxoprodil mesylate: a selective NMDA antagonist; structure given in first source	2.45	2	0
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.	2.05	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C29-steroid; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol	anticholesteremic drug; antioxidant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; sterol methyltransferase inhibitor
fludrocortisone acetate fludrocortisone acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the primary hydroxy group of fludrocortisone with acetic acid. A synthetic corticosteroid, it has glucocorticoid actions about 10 times as potent as hydrocortisone, while its mineralocorticoid actions are over 100 times as potent. It is used in partial replacement therapy for primary and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency in Addison's disease and for the treatment of salt-losing adrenal hyperplasia.	2.46	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; fluorinated steroid; mineralocorticoid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
vincaleukoblastine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	acetate ester; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite
vincristine sulfate [no description available]	2.46	2	0	organic sulfate salt	antineoplastic agent; geroprotector
benzarone benzarone: antihemorrhagic agent; structure	4.1	4	0	1-benzofurans
nsc-89199 estramustine phosphate : A steroid phosphate which is the 17-O-phospho derivative of estramustine.	2.45	2	0	carbamate ester; organochlorine compound; steroid phosphate
estramustine Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.	3.59	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; carbamate ester; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; radiation protective agent
phenethicillin phenethicillin: minor descriptor (85); major descriptor (63-84); on-line search PENICILLIN, PHENOXYMETHYL/AA (66-85); Index Medicus search PHENETHICILLIN (63-84); RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer. phenethicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-phenoxypropanamido group.	2.04	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin
noscapine Noscapine: A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.. (-)-noscapine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which is substituted by a 4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl group at position 1, a methylenedioxy group at positions 6-7 and a methoxy group at position 8. Obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, it lacks significant painkilling properties and is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; cyclic acetal; isobenzofuranone; organic heterobicyclic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antitussive; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
homoharringtonine Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.	2.05	1	0	alkaloid ester; enol ether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; protein synthesis inhibitor
acivicin [no description available]	2.74	3	0	isoxazoles; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	antileishmanial agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; glutamine antagonist; metabolite
menthofuran menthofuran: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; derives from cyclization of pulegone. menthofuran : A monoterpenoid that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 6.	2.07	1	0	1-benzofurans; monoterpenoid	nematicide; plant metabolite
o-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol: Semisynthetic analog of fumagillin (a cyclohexane-sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS) that inhibits angiogenesis.. O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol : A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative.	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; organochlorine compound; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid; spiro-epoxide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor; retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist
bortezomib [no description available]	3.86	3	0	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
calcein am calcein AM: a non-fluorescent compound cleaved to a fluorescent compound by non-specific intracellular esterases. calcein am : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is calcein in which all four carboxy group hydrogens have been substituted by (acetyloxy)methoxy groups and the hyrodgens of the two hydroxy groups have been substituted by acetyl groups. It is a a non-fluorescent probe cleaved to a fluorescent probe by non-specific intracellular esterases.	2.05	1	0	2-benzofurans; acetate ester; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	4.67	8	0	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas	antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
nexavar [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organosulfonate salt
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	2.07	1	0
bradykinin [no description available]	9.31	4	1	oligopeptide	human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent
glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.	2.75	3	0	D-glucosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	3.23	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
puromycin [no description available]	2.46	2	0	puromycins	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor; nucleoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor
pentostatin Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.	3.23	1	0	coformycins	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
taurolithocholic acid Taurolithocholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from lithocholic acid conjugation with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It solubilizes fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurolithocholic acid : The bile acid taurine conjugate of lithocholic acid.	2.05	1	0	bile acid taurine conjugate; monocarboxylic acid amide	human metabolite
(+)-limonene (4R)-limonene : An optically active form of limonene having (4R)-configuration.	2.46	2	0	limonene	plant metabolite
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	5.19	14	0	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
meropenem Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.	4.26	5	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; carbapenemcarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; drug allergen
griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.	4.43	6	0	1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite
cefoxitin Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.	4.08	4	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; cephamycin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.	2.73	3	0	cardenolide glycoside	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
moxalactam disodium [no description available]	2.46	2	0
saquinavir Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.	9.66	8	0	L-asparagine derivative; quinolines	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
pancuronium Pancuronium: A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.. pancuronium : A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant.	3.58	2	0	acetate ester; steroid ester	cholinergic antagonist; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
rocuronium Rocuronium: An androstanol non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. It has a mono-quaternary structure and is a weaker nicotinic antagonist than PANCURONIUM.. rocuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.	2.04	1	0	3alpha-hydroxy steroid; acetate ester; androstane; morpholines; quaternary ammonium ion; tertiary amino compound	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent
abacavir abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.	4.66	8	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; drug allergen; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
netilmicin Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.	2.74	3	0
trimethaphan camsylate trimethaphan camsylate : The (S)-camphorsulfonate salt of trimethaphan.	2.05	1	0
miglitol [no description available]	4.08	4	0	piperidines
mometasone furoate Mometasone Furoate: A pregnadienediol derivative ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT that is used in the management of ASTHMA and ALLERGIC RHINITIS. It is also used as a topical treatment for skin disorders.	9.35	14	9	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 2-furoate ester; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; organochlorine compound; steroid ester	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
metyrosine alpha-methyl-L-tyrosine : An L-tyrosine derivative that consists of L-tyrosine bearing an additional methyl substituent at position 2. An inhibitor of the enzyme tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with pheochromocytoma.	3.87	3	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor
nortriptyline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0	organic tricyclic compound	geroprotector
erythromycin estolate Erythromycin Estolate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It is the lauryl sulfate salt of the propionic ester of erythromycin. This erythromycin salt acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.	2.75	3	0	aminoglycoside sulfate salt; erythromycin derivative	enzyme inhibitor
kanamycin sulfate [no description available]	2.46	2	0	aminoglycoside sulfate salt	antibacterial drug; geroprotector
paromomycin sulfate paromomycin sulfate : An aminoglycoside sulfate salt resulting from the treatment of paromomycin with sulfuric acid. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.	2.46	2	0
linezolid [no description available]	4.42	6	0	acetamides; morpholines; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone	antibacterial drug; protein synthesis inhibitor
cyclopamine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	piperidines	glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.	2.74	3	0	tripeptide
devazepide Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; indolecarboxamide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cholecystokinin antagonist; gastrointestinal drug
chloramphenicol palmitate chloramphenicol palmitate: RN given refers to ((R-(R,R))-isomer)	2.74	3	0	hexadecanoate ester
clindamycin phosphate [no description available]	3.23	1	0
calcium pantothenate [no description available]	2.46	2	0	polymer
eplerenone Eplerenone: A spironolactone derivative and selective ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the management of HYPERTENSION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, post-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	3.23	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; epoxy steroid; gamma-lactone; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; steroid acid ester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent
tolterodine [no description available]	4.41	6	0	tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant
doxorubicin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.75	3	0	anthracycline
erythromycin ethylsuccinate Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin ethylsuccinate : A erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydroxy group at position 3R is substituted by a (4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy group. It is used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections.	2.05	1	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin derivative; ethyl ester; succinate ester
tibolone tibolone: used in prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. tibolone : Estran-3-one with a double bond between positions 5 and 10, and bearing both an ethynyl group and a hydroxy group at position 17 (R-configuration). A synthetic steroid hormone drug which acts as an agonist at all five type I steroid hormone receptors, it is used in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis and for treatment of endometriosis.	2.08	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	bone density conservation agent; hormone agonist
ao 128 AO 128: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
darifenacin darifenacin : 2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence.	3.87	3	0	1-benzofurans; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidines	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
fluticasone propionate fluticasone propionate : A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a propionyl substituent at position 17; has anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic activity.	2.04	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; propanoate ester; steroid ester; thioester	adrenergic agent; anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; dermatologic drug
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.13	1	0	cyclodextrin
acarbose [no description available]	2.97	4	0	amino cyclitol; glycoside
maleic acid maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.	2.46	2	0	butenedioic acid	algal metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	4.41	6	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	4.79	5	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
fumaric acid fumaric acid: see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters. fumaric acid : A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	2.13	1	0	butenedioic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	3.59	2	0	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
cyanoginosin lr cyanoginosin LR: cyclic heptapeptide from cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. microcystin-LR : A microcystin consisting of D-alanyl, L-leucyl, (3S)-3-methyl-D-beta-aspartyl,L-arginyl, 2S,3S,4E,6E,8S,9S)-3-amino-4,5,6,7-tetradehydro-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldecanoyl, D-gamma-glutamyl, and 2,3-didehydro-N-methylalanyl residues joined into a 25-membered macrocycle. Produced by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, it is the most studied of the microcystins.	2.46	2	0	microcystin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.	2.05	1	0	D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
docosahexaenoate efalex: a mixture of fish oil and primrose oil; used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid fatty acid supplement. docosahexaenoic acid : Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.. docosahexaenoate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.. all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid : A docosahexaenoic acid having six cis-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19.	2.05	1	0	docosahexaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	algal metabolite; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2.05	1	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	6.19	9	0	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
cerivastatin cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.	3.44	7	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pyridines; statin (synthetic)
rosuvastatin rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).	4.26	5	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrimidines; statin (synthetic); sulfonamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; cardioprotective agent; CETP inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	2.74	3	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.	2.05	1	0	icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.	2.05	1	0	butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	3.85	3	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.	4.26	5	0
mdl29,951 [no description available]	2.1	1	0
fosfomycin Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.	4.26	5	0	epoxide; phosphonic acids	antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	9.64	19	2	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
drf 2725 ragaglitazar: a phenoxazine analogue of phenyl propanoic acid; Ragaglitazar is a coligand of PPARalpha and PPARgamma	2.75	3	0
obeticholic acid obeticholic acid: A farnesoid X receptor agonist and anticholestatic agent that is used in the treatment of chronic liver diseases; structure in first source.. obeticholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is chenodeoxycholic acid carrying an additional ethyl substituent at the 6alpha-position. A semi-synthetic bile acid which acts as a farnesoid X receptor agonist and is used for treatment of primary biliary cholangitis.	3.21	1	0	3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	farnesoid X receptor agonist; hepatoprotective agent
prostaglandin d2 Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer).	2.76	3	0	prostaglandins D	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.	2.47	2	0	olefinic compound; polyphenol	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen
bms 214662 7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-3-(phenylmethyl)-4-(2-thienylsulfonyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine: a farnesyltransferase inhibitor; structure in first source. BMS-214662 : A member of the class of benzodiazepines that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine substituted by (1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl, benzyl, (thiophen-2-yl)sulfonyl, and cyano groups at positions 1, 3R, 4 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of farnesyltransferase (IC50 = 1.35nM) which was under clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors.	2.04	1	0	benzenes; benzodiazepine; imidazoles; nitrile; sulfonamide; thiophenes	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor
octreotide [no description available]	3.23	1	0
eptifibatide [no description available]	3.58	2	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; macrocycle; organic disulfide	anticoagulant; platelet aggregation inhibitor
alitretinoin Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.	2.45	2	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; metabolite; retinoid X receptor agonist
roflumilast [no description available]	6.42	5	3	aromatic ether; benzamides; chloropyridine; cyclopropanes; organofluorine compound	anti-asthmatic drug; phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
gs 4071 GS 4071: The acid form.. oseltamivir acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3, 4, and 5 by pentan-3-yloxy, acetamido, and amino groups, respectively (the 3R,4R,5S enantiomer). An antiviral drug, it is used as the corresponding ethyl ester prodrug, oseltamivir, to slow the spread of influenza.	2.74	3	0	acetate ester; amino acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; marine xenobiotic metabolite
decitabine [no description available]	4.08	4	0	2'-deoxyribonucleoside
sm 8668 Sch 39304: Sch 42427 is the active entantiomer of the antifungal agent Sch 39304 which consists of Sch 42426 & Sch 42427; Sch 42426, the (S,S)-isomer, is inactive	2.45	2	0
teniposide [no description available]	4.08	4	0	aromatic ether; beta-D-glucoside; cyclic acetal; furonaphthodioxole; gamma-lactone; monosaccharide derivative; phenols; thiophenes	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
iridoids Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).	2.03	1	0
troxacitabine troxacitabine: shows good anti-HIV activity without cytotoxicity	2.04	1	0	carbohydrate derivative; nucleobase-containing molecular entity
ketoconazole (2R,4S)-ketoconazole : A cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine which dioxolane moiety has (2R,4S)-configuration.	2.59	2	0	cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine
cefamandole Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.	2.45	2	0	cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	4.27	5	0	actinomycin	mutagen
tiazofurin tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).	2.45	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-glycosyl compound; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; prodrug
azaserine Azaserine: Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.. azaserine : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of diazoacetic acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of L-serine. An antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species.	2.46	2	0	carboxylic ester; diazo compound; L-serine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	antifungal agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; glutamine antagonist; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	4.25	5	0	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
sitafloxacin [no description available]	2.74	3	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolines; quinolone antibiotic
tenofovir tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.	4.26	5	0	nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
posaconazole [no description available]	3.23	1	0	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxolanes; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	trypanocidal drug
dibekacin Dibekacin: Analog of KANAMYCIN with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.. dibekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B lacking the 3- and 4-hydroxy groups on the 2,6-diaminosugar ring.	2.04	1	0	kanamycins	antibacterial agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
rubitecan rubitecan: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; anti-HIV agent; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I inhibitor. rubitecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin.	2.05	1	0	C-nitro compound; delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; semisynthetic derivative; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
micafungin Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy.	3.86	3	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; echinocandin	antiinfective agent
riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).	3.59	2	0	flavin; vitamin B2	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.	3.86	3	0	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antacid; food anticaking agent
sodium acetate, anhydrous Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	NMR chemical shift reference compound
sodium benzoate Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
arsenic trioxide Tetraarsenic Oxide: A form of As2O3 that exists as As4O6 in the solid state. It dissociates to As2O3 upon heating to the vapor phase above 800 degrees Celsius.	3.86	3	0	arsenic oxide	antineoplastic agent; insecticide
dipyrone Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	anti-inflammatory agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug; prodrug
ditiocarb sodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
idarubicin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0	anthracycline
sr 90107 fondaparinux sodium : An organic sodium salt, being the decasodium salt of fondaparinux.	3.23	1	0
carbenoxolone sodium Carbenoxolone: An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity.	2.46	2	0	triterpenoid
carbenoxolone [no description available]	2.05	1	0
meglumine iodipamide [no description available]	3.23	1	0	organoammonium salt	radioopaque medium
piperine piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.	2.11	1	0	benzodioxoles; N-acylpiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary carboxamide	food component; human blood serum metabolite; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite
thyrotropin-releasing hormone PR 546: no other info available 9/89. protirelin : A tripeptide composed of L-pyroglutamyl, L-histidyl and L-prolinamide residues joined in sequence.	3.23	1	0	peptide hormone; tripeptide	human metabolite
chloroquine diphosphate [no description available]	2.03	1	0	chloroquine
discodermolide [no description available]	2.05	1	0	diterpenoid
dextromethadone D-methadone: an NMDA receptor antagonist analgesic that lacks opioid activity. dextromethadone : A 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one that has (S)-configuration. It is the less active enantiomer of methadone and has very little activity on opioid receptors and mainly responsible for the inhibition of hERG K+ channels and thus for cardiac toxicity. The drug is currently under clinical development for the treatment of major depressive disorder.	2.03	1	0	6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one	NMDA receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic
cannabidiol Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.	2.05	1	0	olefinic compound; phytocannabinoid; resorcinols	antimicrobial agent; plant metabolite
arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.	3.23	1	0	vasopressin	cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen
s 1033 [no description available]	3.23	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; imidazoles; pyridines; pyrimidines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
mezlocillin Mezlocillin: Semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin. It has been proposed for infections with certain anaerobes and may be useful in inner ear, bile, and CNS infections.. mezlocillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2R)-2-[3-(methanesulfonyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.45	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
tropisetron Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.. tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.	2.04	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
leuprolide Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.	2.76	3	0	oligopeptide	anti-estrogen; antineoplastic agent; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
fludarabine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	purine nucleoside
propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.	4.66	8	0	pyrimidinethione	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist
ipratropium [no description available]	2.07	1	0
prothionamide Prothionamide: Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents.	2.05	1	0	pyridines
etomidate Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.	3.86	3	0	ethyl ester; imidazoles	intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.	4.77	9	0	aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
dexketoprofen dexketoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is (S)-hydratropic acid substituted at position 3 on the phenyl ring by a benzoyl group. A cyclooxygenase inhibitor, it is used to relieve short-term pain, such as muscular pain, dental pain and dysmenorrhoea.	2.03	1	0	benzophenones; monocarboxylic acid	cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.	2.07	1	0	caffeic acid	geroprotector; mouse metabolite
ondansetron, (s)-isomer [no description available]	2.03	1	0
pyrantel Pyrantel: A depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agent, that causes persistent nicotinic activation resulting in spastic paralysis of susceptible nematodes. It is a drug of second-choice after benzimidazoles for treatment of ascariasis, hookworm, and pinworm infections, being effective after a single dose. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p920). pyrantel : A carboxamidine that is 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine that is substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and at position 2 by an (E)-2-(2-thienyl)vinyl group. It is used, particularly as the embonate [4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate)] salt, as an anthelmintic that is effective against intestinal nematodes including threadworms, roundworms and hookworms, and is included in the WHO 'Model List of Essential Medicines'.	3.23	1	0	1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines; carboxamidine; thiophenes	antinematodal drug
cotinine Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.	4.36	4	1	N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid	antidepressant; biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
thiothixene [no description available]	3.86	3	0	N-methylpiperazine	anticoronaviral agent
eszopiclone Eszopiclone: A pyridine, pyrazine, and piperazine derivative that is used as a HYPNOTIC AND SEDATIVE in the treatment of INSOMNIA.. eszopiclone : The (5S)- (active) enantiomer of zopiclone. Unlike almost all other hypnotic sedatives, which are approved only for the relief of short-term (6-8 weeks) insomnia, eszopiclone is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for long-term use.	3.57	2	0	zopiclone	central nervous system depressant; sedative
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
benztropine Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.. benzatropine : Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.	3.89	3	0	diarylmethane
methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.	4.54	7	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones	antithyroid drug
cinnarizine Cinnarizine: A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS.	7.41	1	0	diarylmethane; N-alkylpiperazine; olefinic compound	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
sulindac Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.	4.56	7	0	monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	analgesic; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; tocolytic agent
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	7.4	7	1	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
levocetirizine [no description available]	10.25	14	7	diarylmethane
terbinafine [no description available]	3.87	3	0	acetylenic compound; allylamine antifungal drug; enyne; naphthalenes; tertiary amine	EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
drotaverin drotaverin: Hungarian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.74	3	0	isoquinolines
thioguanine anhydrous Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.	4.43	6	0	2-aminopurines	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
(1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride
tacrine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0
sodium propionate sodium propionate: was term of propionic acid (1986-2006). sodium propionate : An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	antifungal drug; food preservative
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	2.1	1	0	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
thioacetamide Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.	2.75	3	0	thiocarboxamide	hepatotoxic agent
succimer Succimer: A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.. succimer : A sulfur-containing carboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing two mercapto substituents at positions 2 and 3. A lead chelator used as an antedote to lead poisoning.	3.68	2	0	dicarboxylic acid; dithiol; sulfur-containing carboxylic acid	chelator
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.	11.41	12	1	cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope
streptozocin [no description available]	4.26	5	0
tamoxifen [no description available]	4.68	8	0	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
ethionamide Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.	3.59	2	0	pyridines; thiocarboxamide	antilipemic drug; antitubercular agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor; leprostatic drug; prodrug
cancidas [no description available]	3.58	2	0
fusidic acid Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.	2.05	1	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; steroid acid; steroid antibiotic; sterol ester	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
lincomycin Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.	3.58	2	0	carbohydrate-containing antibiotic; L-proline derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; S-glycosyl compound	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	2.45	2	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic
estrone sulfate estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.44	2	0	17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
ranitidine Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.	7.09	9	1	C-nitro compound; furans; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound	anti-ulcer drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; H2-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
aplaviroc aplaviroc: a spiro-diketo-piperazine; a potent noncompetitive allosteric antagonist of the CCR5 receptor with concomitantly potent antiviral effects for HIV-1; structure in first source	3.59	2	0
hmr 3647 [no description available]	4.54	7	0
maraviroc [no description available]	3.59	2	0	tropane alkaloid
toremifene Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.	3.87	3	0	aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amine	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
u 0126 U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	aryl sulfide; dinitrile; enamine; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; osteogenesis regulator; vasoconstrictor agent
telaprevir [no description available]	2.05	1	0	cyclopentapyrrole; cyclopropanes; oligopeptide; pyrazines	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; peptidomimetic
nelarabine nelarabine: prodrug of ara-G. nelarabine : A purine nucleoside in which O-methylguanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Inhibits DNA synthesis and causes cell death; a prodrug of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine (ara-G).	3.58	2	0	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; prodrug
2-[(2-ethoxyphenoxy)-phenylmethyl]morpholine [no description available]	2.74	3	0	aromatic ether
dermatan sulfate Dermatan Sulfate: A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed). alpha-L-IdopA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc4S : An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside.. dermatan sulfate : Any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeating units consisting of variously sulfated beta1->4-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units.	3.23	1	0	amino disaccharide; glycosylgalactose derivative; iduronic acids; oligosaccharide sulfate
nizatidine Nizatidine: A histamine H2 receptor antagonist with low toxicity that inhibits gastric acid secretion. The drug is used for the treatment of duodenal ulcers.. nizatidine : A member of the class of 1,3-thiazoles having a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at position 2 and an alkylthiomethyl moiety at position 4.	2.13	1	0
droloxifene [no description available]	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
dolasetron [no description available]	3.87	3	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
or 1259 [no description available]	2.45	2	0	hydrazone; nitrile; pyridazinone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
gestodene Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer	2.45	2	0	steroid	estrogen
orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.	4.1	4	0	beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative	anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
idoxifene idoxifene: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
quinine [no description available]	4.41	6	0	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
ly335979 [no description available]	2.13	1	0	carbopolycyclic compound
isepamicin [no description available]	2.04	1	0
ifetroban ifetroban: thromboxane receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; a 7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane derivative	2.04	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid
lamifiban lamifiban: a nonpeptide glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist; prevents platelet loss during experimental cardiopulmonary bypass	2.04	1	0	N-acylglycine
fospropofol [no description available]	3.23	1	0	alkylbenzene
rasagiline [no description available]	3.23	1	0	indanes; secondary amine; terminal acetylenic compound	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
dasatinib N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).	3.61	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; aminopyrimidine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
tocainide, (s)-isomer [no description available]	2.03	1	0
zd 6474 CH 331: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; organobromine compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines; secondary amine	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
telavancin telavancin: an anti-infective agent; structure in first source. telavancin : A glycopeptide that is vancomycin substituted at position N-3'' by a 2-(decylamino)ethyl group and at position C-29 by a (phosphonomethyl)aminomethyl group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of adults with complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by bacteria.	2.04	1	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
silybin [no description available]	2.05	1	0
via 2291 atreleuton: structure given in first source	3.09	1	0
alatrofloxacin alatrofloxacin: prodrug of trovafloxacin	2.06	1	0
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	5.23	47	0
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	3.47	1	1	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
chloramine-t chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	allergen; antifouling biocide; disinfectant
l 663536 MK-886: orally active leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor. 3-[3-(tert-butylsulfanyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid : A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by a isopropyl group at position 5, a tert-butylsulfanediyl group at position 3, a 4-chlorobenzyl group at position 1 and a 2-carboxy-2-methylpropyl group at position 2. It acts as an inhibitor of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase.	4.03	4	0	aryl sulfide; indoles; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist
sitagliptin sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	4.08	4	0	triazolopyrazine; trifluorobenzene	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; hypoglycemic agent; serine proteinase inhibitor; xenobiotic
flosequinan [no description available]	2.05	1	0	quinolines
tolcapone Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.	4.67	8	0	2-nitrophenols; benzophenones; catechols	antiparkinson drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
myelin basic protein Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.	2.46	2	0
sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.	2.05	1	0	sphing-4-enine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
quercetin [no description available]	2.48	2	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
bilirubin [no description available]	2.8	3	0	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	6.63	6	2	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	6.28	4	2	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
leukotriene a4 Leukotriene A4: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta(1E,3E,5Z,8Z)))-3-(1,3,5,8-Tetradecatetraenyl)oxiranebutanoic acid. An unstable allylic epoxide, formed from the immediate precursor 5-HPETE via the stereospecific removal of a proton at C-10 and dehydration. Its biological actions are determined primarily by its metabolites, i.e., LEUKOTRIENE B4 and cysteinyl-leukotrienes. Alternatively, leukotriene A4 is converted into LEUKOTRIENE C4 by glutathione-S-transferase or into 5,6-di-HETE by the epoxide-hydrolase. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene A4 : A leukotriene that is the (5S,6S)-epoxy derivative of (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid.	2.02	1	0	epoxy fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid; oxylipin; polyunsaturated fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes	4.11	4	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol	antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	2.05	1	0	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.	8.96	21	4	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
leukotriene c4 Leukotriene C4: The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene C4 : A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage.	8.05	26	1	leukotriene	bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
thromboxane a2 Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.	2.48	2	0	epoxy monocarboxylic acid; thromboxanes A	mouse metabolite
retinol palmitate retinol palmitate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. retinyl palmitate : A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds.. all-trans-retinyl palmitate : An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol. It is used in cosmetic products to treat various skin disorders such as acne, skin aging, wrinkles, dark spots, and also protect against psoriasis.	2.46	2	0	all-trans-retinyl ester; retinyl palmitate	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
alprostadil [no description available]	2.47	2	0	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
vitamin d 2 Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.	4.08	4	0	hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-ergostane; vitamin D	bone density conservation agent; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; rodenticide
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	4.78	2	1	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
leukotriene d4 Leukotriene D4: One of the biologically active principles of SRS-A. It is generated from LEUKOTRIENE C4 after partial hydrolysis of the peptide chain, i.e., cleavage of the gamma-glutamyl portion. Its biological actions include stimulation of vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle, and increases in vascular permeability. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene D4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and a L-cysteinylglycinyl group at position 6 (6R).	11.62	49	5	dipeptide; leukotriene; organic sulfide	bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
leukotriene e4 Leukotriene E4: A biologically active principle of SRS-A that is formed from LEUKOTRIENE D4 via a peptidase reaction that removes the glycine residue. The biological actions of LTE4 are similar to LTC4 and LTD4. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene E4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and an L-cystein-S-yl group at position 6 (6R).	11.33	27	12	amino dicarboxylic acid; L-cysteine thioether; leukotriene; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; secondary alcohol
lipoxin a4 lipoxin A4: an antifibrolytic agent; structure given in first source; a role in ASPIRIN antiinflammatory activity. lipoxin A4 : A C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (6R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (7E)- (9E)-, (11Z)- and (13E)-double bonds.	2.95	4	0	hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; lipoxin; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; metabolite
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	4.56	7	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
clavulanic acid Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.	3.3	6	0	oxapenam	antibacterial drug; anxiolytic drug; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.	17.35	108	56	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen
oxymetholone Oxymetholone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). oxymetholone : A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects.	3.87	3	0
eprosartan eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.	4.41	6	0	dicarboxylic acid; imidazoles; thiophenes	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
mivacurium Mivacurium: An isoquinoline derivative that is used as a short-acting non-depolarizing agent.	3.58	2	0	isoquinolines
timolol maleate (S)-timolol maleate : The maleic acid salt of the active (S)-enantiomer of timolol, comprising equimolar amounts of (S)-timolol and maleic acid.	2.46	2	0	maleate salt	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
brompheniramine maleate brompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.	2.46	2	0	maleate salt	anti-allergic agent
chlorpheniramine maleate [no description available]	2.46	2	0	organic molecular entity
clemastine fumarate clemastine fumarate : The fumaric acid salt of clemastine. An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.	2.46	2	0	fumarate salt	anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
methylergonovine maleate [no description available]	2.46	2	0	ergoline alkaloid	geroprotector
hemabate carboprost tromethamine : The tromethamine salt of carboprost. It is used as an abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.	3.23	1	0
mycophenolate mofetil mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	3.59	2	0	carboxylic ester; ether; gamma-lactone; phenols; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
entacapone entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.	4.54	7	0	2-nitrophenols; catechols; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
paricalcitol [no description available]	4.08	4	0	hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane	antiparathyroid drug
astaxanthine astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.	2.05	1	0	carotenol; carotenone	animal metabolite; anticoagulant; antioxidant; food colouring; plant metabolite
diosmin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; rutinoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant
cynarine cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent	2.05	1	0	alkyl caffeate ester; quinic acid	plant metabolite
flupenthixol cis-flupenthixol : A flupenthixol in which the double bond adopts a cis-configuration.	2.05	1	0	flupenthixol	dopaminergic antagonist
sdz psc 833 valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215	2.45	2	0	homodetic cyclic peptide
estradiol-17 beta-glucuronide 17beta-estradiol 17-glucosiduronic acid : A steroid glucosiduronic acid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having a beta-glucuronyl residue attached at position 17 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.46	2	0	3-hydroxy steroid; steroid glucosiduronic acid
coenzyme q10 coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.	2.05	1	0	ubiquinones	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite
tranilast tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.	2.05	1	0	amidobenzoic acid; cinnamamides; dimethoxybenzene; secondary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; antineoplastic agent; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; calcium channel blocker; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent
7432 s Ceftibuten: A cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.. ceftibuten : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino substituent at the 7 position of the cephem skeleton. An orally-administered agent, ceftibuten is used as the dihydrate to treat urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.	3.23	1	0	cephalosporin; dicarboxylic acid	antibacterial drug
8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha: a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through thromboxane A2 receptor activation. 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha : An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.	5.76	2	2	F2-isoprostane	biomarker; bronchoconstrictor agent; vasoconstrictor agent
n,n-dimethylsphingenine N,N-dimethylsphingosine: a sphingosine kinase inhibitor. N,N-dimethylsphingosine : A sphingoid that is sphingosine in which the two amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.	2.05	1	0	aminodiol; sphingoid; tertiary amino compound	EC 2.7.1.91 (sphingosine kinase) inhibitor; metabolite
etretinate retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.	2.05	1	0	enoate ester; ethyl ester; retinoid	keratolytic drug
isotretinoin Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.	4.26	5	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; teratogenic agent
misoprostol Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form.	2.05	1	0
epoprostenol [no description available]	3.23	1	0	prostaglandins I	mouse metabolite
indocyanine green [no description available]	3.58	2	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye
ozagrel ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer	2.05	1	0	cinnamic acids
triprolidine Triprolidine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis; ASTHMA; and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness.. triprolidine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is acrivastine in which the pyridine ring is lacking the propenoic acid substituent. It is a sedating antihistamine that is used (generally as the monohydrochloride monohydrate) for the relief of the symptoms of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.	4.76	3	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; olefinic compound; pyridines	H1-receptor antagonist
pitavastatin pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise.	3.89	3	0	cyclopropanes; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; quinolines; statin (synthetic)	antioxidant
cis-flupenthixol dihydrochloride cis-flupenthixol dihydrochloride : The dihydrochloride salt of cis-flupenthixol.	2.05	1	0	hydrochloride	geroprotector
ethamolin monoethanolamine oleate: used for treatment of pyogenic granuloma	3.23	1	0	long-chain fatty acid
alatrofloxacin mesylate [no description available]	3.59	2	0
thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.	2.03	1	0	thromboxanes B	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
sphingosine 1-phosphate sphingosine 1-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R,S-(E)))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89. sphingosine 1-phosphate : A phosphosphingolipid that consists of sphingosine having a phospho group attached at position 1	2.05	1	0	sphingoid 1-phosphate	mouse metabolite; signalling molecule; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist; T-cell proliferation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
codeine [no description available]	5.93	7	1	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic
cyclosporine ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF	4.87	10	0	homodetic cyclic peptide	anti-asthmatic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antirheumatic drug; carcinogenic agent; dermatologic drug; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite
phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0	organic molecular entity
natamycin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; dicarboxylic acid monoester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyene antibiotic	antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; ophthalmology drug
acitretin Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.	4.26	5	0	acitretin; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; retinoid	keratolytic drug
cyproterone Cyproterone: An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (CYPROTERONE ACETATE), also has progestational properties. It is used in the treatment of hypersexuality in males, as a palliative in prostatic carcinoma, and, in combination with estrogen, for the therapy of severe acne and hirsutism in females.	2.07	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; chlorinated steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	androgen antagonist
dothiepin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	dothiepin
estropipate estropipate: used therapeutically in menopausal patients	3.23	1	0	piperazinium salt; steroid sulfate
hydrocodone Hydrocodone: Narcotic analgesic related to CODEINE, but more potent and more addicting by weight. It is used also as cough suppressant.. hydrocodone : A morphinane-like compound that is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine.	2.07	1	0	morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
hydromorphone Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.	4.08	4	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
hydroxystilbamidine hydroxystilbamidine: minor descriptor (63-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search STILBAMIDINES (66-86); RN given refers to parent cpd	3.19	1	0
levetiracetam Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.	3.59	2	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ly 163892 loracarbef: 1-carbacephem antibiotic; has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; structure given in first source; carbacephems differ from cephalosporins in the substitution of a sulfur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring with a methylene group to form a tetrahydropyridine ring. loracarbef : A synthetic "carba" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.	3.86	3	0	carbacephem; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
nabilone nabilone: cannabinol deriv; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	3.23	1	0
nalmefene nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer	3.16	5	0	morphinane alkaloid
nalorphine Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete.	2.05	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	4.66	8	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.	3.85	3	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
oxymorphone Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)	4.12	4	0	morphinane alkaloid
vitamin k 1 Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.	3.23	1	0	phylloquinones; vitamin K	cofactor; human metabolite; plant metabolite
proscillaridin Proscillaridin: A cardiotonic glycoside isolated from Scilla maritima var. alba (Squill).	2.03	1	0	organic molecular entity
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	3.85	3	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
topiramate Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.	4.08	4	0	cyclic ketal; ketohexose derivative; sulfamate ester	anticonvulsant; sodium channel blocker
trospium chloride trospium chloride : An organic chloride salt of trospium. It is an antispasmodic drug used for the treatment of overactive bladder.	3.23	1	0
gamma-cyclodextrin gamma-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of eight alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.	2.21	1	0	cyclodextrin
alvocidib alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.	2.45	2	0	dihydroxyflavone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
seocalcitol seocalcitol: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
fenretinide Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; retinoid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant
geldanamycin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; cysteine protease inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	4.41	6	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
demycarosylturimycin h [no description available]	2.05	1	0
bay u9773 BAY u9773: a leukotriene C4 antagonist. BAYu9773 : A dicarboxylic acid that is that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4S and a (4-carboxyphenyl)sulfanediyl group at 5R. It is a dual cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist that acts at the CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors (IC50 = 0.44 and 0.30 muM, respectively).	3.66	9	0	benzoic acids; dicarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; polyunsaturated fatty acid; secondary alcohol	leukotriene antagonist
benzphetamine Benzphetamine: A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222). benzphetamine : Dextroamphetamine in which the the hydrogens attached to the amino group are substituted by a methyl and a benzyl group. A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the treatment of obesity.	3.59	2	0	amphetamines; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; appetite depressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; sympathomimetic agent
cicaprost cicaprost: RN given refers to (3aS-(2E,3aalpha,4alpha(3R,4R),5beta,6aalpha))-isomer	2.04	1	0	monoterpenoid
deamino arginine vasopressin Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.	3.23	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide	diagnostic agent; renal agent; vasopressin receptor agonist
dexmedetomidine [no description available]	3.58	2	0	medetomidine	alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; non-narcotic analgesic; sedative
fluticasone Fluticasone: A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.. fluticasone : A trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis.	18.14	136	76	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; thioester	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug
goserelin Goserelin: A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer.	3.23	1	0	organic molecular entity
iloprost Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.	7.75	3	0	carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol	platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.	2.05	1	0	cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor
nalbuphine Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS.	4.25	5	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound	mu-opioid receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic
nateglinide Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	4.26	5	0	phenylalanine derivative
neurokinin a Neurokinin A: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ B with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the BRONCHI.	9.38	2	2
sq 29548 SQ 29548: SQ-26538 is the ((1S-1alpha,2beta(5Z),3beta(1E,3R*),4alpha))-isomer; thromboxane A2 antagonist; thromboxane receptor antagonist	2.93	1	0
vinorelbine [no description available]	4.08	4	0	acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; ring assembly; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
silodosin silodosin: an alpha(1a)-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist; structure given in first source	3.23	1	0	indolecarboxamide
furazolidone [no description available]	2.75	3	0
fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.	4.27	5	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; 5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
semaxinib semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.	2.05	1	0	olefinic compound; oxindoles; pyrroles	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
orantinib orantinib: an antiangiogenic agent. orantinib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.	2.05	1	0
su 11248 [no description available]	3.59	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrroles	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; neuroprotective agent; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
romidepsin depsipeptide : A natural or synthetic compound having a sequence of amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues (usually alpha-amino and alpha-hydroxy acids), commonly but not necessarily regularly alternating.	2.04	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide; heterocyclic antibiotic; organic disulfide	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid: RN given is for cpd without isomeric designation; an arachidonate metabolite which stimulates neutrophils to mobilize Ca and promotes PMN degranulation responses	2.94	1	0
bay 11-7085 BAY11-7085 : A sulfone that is benzene substituted by [(E)-2-cyanoethenyl]sulfonyl and tert-butyl groups at position 1 and 4, respectively. It is an irreversible inhibitor of IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation in cells (IC50 = 10 muM) and prevents the activation of NF-kappaB.	2.03	1	0	benzenes; nitrile; sulfone	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; NF-kappaB inhibitor
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers.	4.41	6	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; indoles; organofluorine compound
molsidomine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion	antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)	2.44	2	0
octylmethoxycinnamate [no description available]	2.46	2	0	cinnamate ester
levorphanol Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection.	3.23	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	5.73	10	0	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
morphine-6-glucuronide morphine-6-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer	2.04	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
dextromethorphan Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.	6.82	6	3	6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene	antitussive; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; oneirogen; prodrug; xenobiotic
dextrorphan Dextrorphan: Dextro form of levorphanol. It acts as a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, among other effects, and has been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. It is also a metabolite of DEXTROMETHORPHAN.	3.19	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
butorphanol Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.	4.08	4	0	morphinane alkaloid	antitussive; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
cefodizime cefodizime: RN given refers to (6R-(6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefodizime : A cephalosporin compound having 5-(carboxymethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	2.04	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
methylnaltrexone methylnaltrexone: RN given refers to parent cpd(5alpha)-isomer	2.04	1	0	phenanthrenes
cefixime [no description available]	4.26	5	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	4.54	7	0	dipeptide	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
benazepril benazepril: structure given in first source. benazepril : A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.	3.86	3	0	benzazepine; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; lactam	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
ramipril Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.	3.59	2	0	azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; prodrug
verteporfin (2R,2(1)S)-8-ethenyl-2(1),2(2)-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-17-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13-propanoic acid : The 2(1),2(2),17-trimethyl ester of (2R,2(1)S)-2(1),2(2)-dicarboxy-8-ethenyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13,17-dipropanoic acid.	3.23	1	0
indinavir sulfate Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.	4.55	7	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; piperazinecarboxamide	HIV protease inhibitor
zimeldine Zimeldine: One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385)	3.89	3	0	styrenes
bedaquiline bedaquiline: a diarylquinoline Antitubercular Agent. bedaquiline : A quinoline-based antimycobacterial drug used (as its fumarate salt) for the treatment of pulmonary multi-drug resistant tuberculosis by inhibition of ATP synthase, an enzyme essential for the replication of the mycobacteria.	2.21	1	0	aromatic ether; naphthalenes; organobromine compound; quinolines; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antitubercular agent; ATP synthase inhibitor
enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).	4.08	4	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug
vinblastine sulfate [no description available]	2.46	2	0
nitrofurazone Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.	2.05	1	0
trientine hydrochloride [no description available]	3.86	3	0
n-methylscopolamine bromide scopolamine methobromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of scopolamine with methyl bromide.	3.23	1	0
fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)	2.51	2	0	butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate	human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
bleomycin [no description available]	3.59	2	0	bleomycin	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	13.3	47	11	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	3.45	1	1	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
dextromethorphan hydrobromide dextromethorphan hydrobromide : The hydrobromide and monohydrate of the antitussive drug dextromethorphan.	2.46	2	0	hydrate; hydrobromide
indinavir sulfate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	azaheterocycle sulfate salt
enalaprilat anhydrous Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.	4.26	5	0	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
imidapril imidapril: structure given in first source. imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure.	2.05	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; imidazolidines; N-acylurea; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
sulindac sulfone sulindac sulfone: inhibits K-ras-dependent cyclooxygenase-2; sulfated analog of indomethacin;; CP248 is an antineoplastic agent that fosters microtubule depolymerization; structure in first source. sulindac sulfone : A sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps. Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfone	apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
ximelagatran ximelagatran: prodrug (via hydroxylation) of melagatran & a direct thrombin inhibitor; liver toxicity concerns so AZD0837 being developed to replace this. ximelagatran : A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted into the corresponding amidoxime. A prodrug for melagatran, ximelagatran was the first orally available direct thrombin inhibitor to be brought to market as an anticoagulant, but was withdrawn in 2006 following reports of it causing liver damage.	4.08	4	0	amidoxime; azetidines; carboxamide; ethyl ester; hydroxylamines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; tertiary carboxamide	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; prodrug; serine protease inhibitor
cefuroxime [no description available]	4.08	4	0	3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin; furans; oxime O-ether	drug allergen
ceftriaxone [no description available]	4.41	6	0	1,2,4-triazines; 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefepime Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	4.08	4	0	cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug
hr 810 cefpirome: structure in first source. cefpirome : A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin; cyclopentapyridine
pafuramidine pafuramidine: a prodrug of furamidine	3.59	2	0
ceftazidime [no description available]	4.41	6	0	cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
trandolapril trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension.	3.85	3	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
pregabalin Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.	3.23	1	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker
tiotropium bromide Tiotropium Bromide: A scopolamine derivative and CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONIST that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR AGENT. It is used in the treatment of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.. tiotropium bromide : An organic bromide salt having (1alpha,2beta,4beta,5alpha,7beta)-7-[(hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9,9-dimethyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.0(2,4)]nonane as the counterion. Used (in the form of the hydrate) for maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.	5.64	3	2
cefetamet cefetamet: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; structure given in first source. cefetamet : A cephalosporin compound having methyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side-groups; a cephalosporin antibiotic active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.	2.74	3	0	cephalosporin
alvimopan anhydrous alvimopan: mu opioid receptor antagonist; intended to treat constipation in patients taking opiates for pain	3.23	1	0	peptide
aliskiren aliskiren: orally active nonpeptidic renin inhibitor. aliskiren : A monomethoxybenzene compound having a 3-methoxypropoxy group at the 2-position and a multi-substituted branched alkyl substituent at the 4-position.	8.61	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monomethoxybenzene	antihypertensive agent
guanabenz acetate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene	geroprotector
famotidine [no description available]	4.54	7	0	1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide	anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
fenoterol fenoterol hydrobromide : The hydrobromide salt of fenoterol. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.	2.46	2	0	hydrobromide	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent
cefotaxime Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.	4.08	4	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
aztreonam [no description available]	4.66	8	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; monobactam	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
(R)-citalopram (R)-citalopram : A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has R-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the inactive enantiomer of citalopram.	2.03	1	0	1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile
proguanil Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells.	2.05	1	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
rifamycin sv rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties.	2.05	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketal; lactam; macrocycle; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol; rifamycins	antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; bacterial metabolite
ginkgolide b [no description available]	2.45	2	0
ono 1301 ONO 1301: a non-prostanoid prostaglandin I2 mimetic coumpound with inhibitory activity against thromboxane A2 synthase; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.	2.04	1	0	azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid	animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
cefpodoxime [no description available]	3.23	1	0	carboxylic acid; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
palonosetron Palonosetron: Isoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.. palonosetron : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.	3.58	2	0	azabicycloalkane; delta-lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound	antiemetic; serotonergic antagonist
epoprostenol sodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	prostanoid
cefatrizine Cefatrizine: Orally active semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity.. cefatrizine : A cephalosporin compound having (1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylsulfanyl)methyl and [(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)]acetamido side-groups. An antibacterial drug first prepared in the 1970s, it has more recently been found to be an inhibitor of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF2K), which is known to regulate apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress in many types of human cancers.	2.74	3	0	amino acid amide; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; phenols; semisynthetic derivative; triazoles	antibacterial drug; EC 2.7.11.20 (elongation factor 2 kinase) inhibitor
enclomiphene citrate [no description available]	2.05	1	0
diphenoxylate hydrochloride diphenoxylate hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenoxylate.	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride	antidiarrhoeal drug
eniporide eniporide: inhibits NHE-1 isoform; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
leukotriene d4 [no description available]	2.7	3	0
cilastatin [no description available]	2.45	2	0	carboxamide; L-cysteine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organic sulfide	EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
sb 201993 (E)-3-((((6-(2-carboxyethenyl)-5-((8-(4-methoxyphenyl)octyl)oxy)-2-pyridinyl)methyl)thio)methyl)benzoic acid: structure given in first source; a competitive LTB(4) receptor antagonist	3.09	1	0
cinalukast cinalukast: structure given in first source; orally active LTD4 antagonist; an anti-asthmatic agent. cinalukast : 2,2-Diethylsuccinanilic acid substituted at a meta- position by an (E)-2-(4-cyclobutyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)ethenyl group. It selectively antagonizes leukotriene D4 at the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor, in the human airway, preventing airway edema, smooth muscle contraction, and enhanced secretion of thick, viscous mucus. It is used in the treatment of asthma.	7.42	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; carboxylic acid	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist
rifaximin [no description available]	3.23	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketal; lactam; macrocycle; organic heterohexacyclic compound; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative	antimicrobial agent; gastrointestinal drug; orphan drug
ergonovine maleate ergometrine maleate : A maleate salt resulting form the reaction of equimolar amounts of maleic acid and ergometrine. It is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced.	2.46	2	0	maleate salt	diagnostic agent; oxytocic
bwa 4c [no description available]	3.5	2	0
ono 4057 ONO-LB 457: LTB4 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	3.09	1	0
ticolubant Ticolubant: a leukotriene B4 antagonist	3.09	1	0
everolimus [no description available]	3.23	1	0	cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
bay x 7195 BAY x 7195: structure given in first source	3.09	1	0
ly 223982 LY 223982: RN & structure in first source; leukotriene B4 antagonist	3.09	1	0
trk 820 TRK 820: structure in first source	3.7	1	0	phenanthrenes
ixabepilone [no description available]	3.86	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; beta-hydroxy ketone; epoxide; lactam; macrocycle	antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent
u 75302 U 75302: RN refers to (R-(R,S-(E,Z)))-isomer; leukotriene B4 antagonist	2.05	1	0
gavestinel [no description available]	2.1	1	0
azlocillin Azlocillin: A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.. azlocillin : A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae.	2.74	3	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
verlukast verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist	3.29	6	0
ceftizoxime [no description available]	3.85	3	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
su 5614 SU 5614: inhibits the mast cell growth factor receptor known as kit protein; a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. SU5614 : A member of the class of oxindoles that is 5-chlorooxindole in which the two hydrogens at position 3 are replaced by a (3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl)methylidene group.	2.02	1	0	organochlorine compound; oxindoles; pyrroles	vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
1-methyl-d-lysergic acid butanolamide [no description available]	3.86	3	0	ergot alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide	serotonergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
carumonam carumonam: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,3alpha(Z))-isomer. carumonam : An N-sulfonated monobactam antibiotic.	2.04	1	0	monobactam	antibacterial drug
dantrolene sodium dantrolene sodium (anhydrous) : The anhydrous sodium salt of dantrolene.	2.75	3	0
nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.	4.86	10	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
nifurtimox Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.	2.05	1	0	nitrofuran antibiotic
ergoline Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors.	7.52	2	0	diamine; ergoline alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound
eritoran eritoran : A lipid A derivative used for the treatment of severe sepsis.	2.04	1	0	lipid As
dantrolene [no description available]	4.08	4	0
roxithromycin (E)-roxithromycin : A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.	2.05	1	0	roxithromycin	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cefdinir [no description available]	3.23	1	0	cephalosporin; ketoxime	antibacterial drug
etonogestrel [no description available]	3.23	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin
artesunate artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether	2.04	1	0	artemisinin derivative; cyclic acetal; dicarboxylic acid monoester; hemisuccinate; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; ferroptosis inducer
beraprost beraprost: stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source. beraprost : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia.	2.05	1	0	enyne; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol; secondary allylic alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin receptor agonist; vasodilator agent
lanreotide [no description available]	2.05	1	0
dexniguldipine niguldipine: structure given in first source; clinical modulator of multidrug resistance	2.04	1	0	diarylmethane
ciclesonide ciclesonide: nasal spray approved for seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis	8.85	2	1	organic molecular entity
napsagatran napsagatran: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
temsirolimus [no description available]	3.58	2	0	macrolide lactam
dutasteride Dutasteride: A 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR that is reported to inhibit both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. dutasteride : An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland.	3.57	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aza-steroid; delta-lactam	antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
lu 208075 ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension	4.1	4	0	diarylmethane
bms188797 [no description available]	2.04	1	0
bibx 1382bs BIBX 1382BS: an ErbB receptor kinase inhibitor; no further information available 4/2001	3.59	2	0	substituted aniline
indacaterol indacaterol: a beta2 adrenoceptor agonist; indacaterol is the (R)-isomer; structure in first source. indacaterol : A monohydroxyquinoline that consists of 5-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-8-hydroxyquinolin-2-one having a 5,6-diethylindan-2-yl group attached to the amino function. Used as the maleate salt for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.	2.52	2	0	indanes; monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent
fesoterodine fesoterodine: a muscarinic antagonist for treatment of overactive bladder	3.23	1	0	diarylmethane
acetylcarnitine O-acetyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.	2.05	1	0	O-acetylcarnitine; saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.	2.05	1	0	ammonium ion derivative
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	2.06	1	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent
s 1743 Esomeprazole: The S-isomer of omeprazole.. esomeprazole : A 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole that has S configuration at the sulfur atom. An inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, it is used (generally as its sodium or magnesium salt) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.	2.58	2	0	magnesium salt	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
aldicarb sulfoxide aldicarb sulfoxide: metabolite of aldicarb	2.17	1	0
aldicarb Aldicarb: Carbamate derivative used as an insecticide, acaricide, and nematocide.. aldicarb : The oxime carbamate resulting from the addition of 2-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)propanaldoxime to methyl isocyanate. A member of the class of oxime carbamate insecticides, aldicarb is a mixture of E and Z isomers; it is not known which isomer is more active.	7.17	1	0
aldicarb sulfone aldicarb sulfone: metabolite of aldicarb	2.17	1	0	sulfone
azimilide azimilide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to dihydrochloride	2.04	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
nifurtoinol nifurtoinol : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group and at position 3 by a hydroxymethyl group.	2.05	1	0	hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
gemifloxacin Gemifloxacin: A naphthyridine and fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial infections associated with chronic bronchitis.. gemifloxacin : A 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a substituted pyrrolin-1-yl group at the 7-position.	3.57	2	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
dexlansoprazole Dexlansoprazole: The R-isomer of lansoprazole that is used to treat severe GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE.	3.23	1	0	benzimidazoles; sulfoxide
fosinopril [no description available]	3.59	2	0
armodafinil armodafinil : A 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide that has R configuration at the sulfur atom. Like its racemate, modafinil, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. Peak concentration in the blood later occurs later following administration than with modafinil, so it is thought that armodafinil may be more effective than modafinil in treating people with excessive daytime sleepiness.	3.23	1	0	2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide	central nervous system stimulant; eugeroic
eflucimibe eflucimibe: a powerful and systemic acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor	2.05	1	0
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination: A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate.	2.25	1	0
tomopenem [no description available]	2.45	2	0
norfenfluramine Dexnorfenfluramine: D-isomer of Norfenfluramine	2.03	1	0	amphetamines
midostaurin midostaurin : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is the N-benzoyl derivative of staurosporine.	2.05	1	0	benzamides; gamma-lactam; indolocarbazole; organic heterooctacyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
sincalide Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.	3.23	1	0	oligopeptide
tapentadol Tapentadol: An opioid analgesic, MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and of pain associated with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES.	3.23	1	0	alkylbenzene
etomoxir [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether
ursodoxicoltaurine tauroursodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of tauroursodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. tauroursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.	2.05	1	0	bile acid taurine conjugate	anti-inflammatory agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bone density conservation agent; cardioprotective agent; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent
bb-83698 BB-83698: peptide deformylase inhibitor	2.04	1	0
pentagastrin Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.	3.59	2	0	organic molecular entity
cangrelor cangrelor: platelet P(2T) receptor antagonist. cangrelor : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is 5'-O-[({[dichloro(phosphono)methyl](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl]adenosine carrying additional 2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl and (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfanyl substituents at positions N6 and C2 respectively. Used (in the form of its tetrasodium salt) as an intravenous antiplatelet drug that prevents formation of harmful blood clots in the coronary arteries.	2.04	1	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; aryl sulfide; nucleoside triphosphate analogue; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
fluticasone furoate fluticasone furoate: a glucocorticoid; structure in first source. fluticasone furoate : A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a 2-furoyl substituent at position 17. Used in combination with vilanterol trifenate for treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.	3.99	1	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 2-furoate ester; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; steroid ester; thioester	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; prodrug
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	5.92	23	1	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
cp 105696 CP 105696: a leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist; structure in first source	3.5	2	0
mk-0524 MK-0524: a potent orally active human prostaglandin D(2) receptor 1 antagonist; structure in first source	5.78	2	2	indolyl carboxylic acid
cefditoren cefditoren: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (6R-(3(Z),6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefditoren : A broad spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with (Z)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethenyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Generally administered as its orally absorbed pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug, it is used for the treatment of mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections.	3.23	1	0	carboxylic acid; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
ticagrelor Ticagrelor: An adenosine triphosphate analogue and reversible P2Y12 PURINORECEPTOR antagonist that inhibits ADP-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used for the prevention of THROMBOEMBOLISM by patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME or a history of MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.. ticagrelor : A triazolopyrimidine that is an adenosine isostere; the cyclopentane ring is similar to ribose and the nitrogen-rich [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine moiety resembles the nucleobase adenine. A platelet aggregation inhibitor which is used for prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome.	2.08	1	0	aryl sulfide; hydroxyether; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound; triazolopyrimidines	P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
zotarolimus zotarolimus: synthetic analog of rapamycin; structure in first source	2.04	1	0	lactam; macrolide
molindone hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0	indoles
dapagliflozin [no description available]	7.41	1	0	aromatic ether; C-glycosyl compound; monochlorobenzenes	hypoglycemic agent; sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
mp29-02 MP29-02: formulation of azelastine and fluticasone propionate	3.19	1	0
gentamicin sulfate [no description available]	3.31	6	0
bn 52020 [no description available]	2.45	2	0
terutroban terutroban: a thromboxan receptor antagonist	3.21	1	0
roflumilast n-oxide roflumilast N-oxide: an oral, once-daily phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor; active metabolite of roflumilast	3.43	1	1
pazopanib pazopanib: a protein kinase inhibitor. pazopanib : A pyrimidine that is 5-(pyrimidin-2-yl}amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide substituted at position 4 by a (2,3-dimethylindazol-6-yl)(methyl)amino group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of kidney cancer.	3.89	3	0	aminopyrimidine; indazoles; sulfonamide	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
azd 6244 AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor	2.05	1	0	benzimidazoles; bromobenzenes; hydroxamic acid ester; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
prasugrel hydrochloride Prasugrel Hydrochloride: A piperazine derivative and PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITOR that is used to prevent THROMBOSIS in patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; UNSTABLE ANGINA and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, as well as in those undergoing PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS.. prasugrel hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prasugrel hydrochloride. Used to prevent blood clots in people with acute coronary syndrome who are undergoing a procedure after a recent heart attack or stroke, and in people with certain disorders of the heart or blood vessels.	5.04	2	1
apixaban [no description available]	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether; lactam; piperidones; pyrazolopyridine	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
jte 013 JTE 013: an Edg-5 antagonist. JTE-013 : A semicarbazide derivative that is semicarbazide in which the amino group at position 2 is replaced by a [1,3-dimethyl-4-(propan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]amino group and the amino group adjacent to the carbonyl is replaced by a (2,6-dichloropyridin-4-yl)amino group. It is a potent S1P2 antagonist (IC50 = 17.6 nM).	2.05	1	0	chloropyridine; pyrazolopyridine	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; osteogenesis regulator; pro-angiogenic agent; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 antagonist
alpha-synuclein alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.	7.25	1	0
homatropine methylbromide homatropine methylbromide: RN given refers to bromide (endo-(+-))-isomer	2.07	1	0
volasertib BI 6727: a polo-like kinase inhibitor with broad antitumor activity; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.	2.17	1	0
vinflunine vinflunine: inhibits tubulin assembly; structure in first source. vinflunine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound and an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is vinorelbine in which the tetrahydropyridine moiety of the heterotetracyclic part of the molecule has been redced to the corresponding piperidine, and in which the ethyl group attached to this ring has been replaced by a 1,1-difluoroethyl group.	2.05	1	0	acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent
baci-im [no description available]	4.26	5	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; polypeptide; zwitterion	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent
n-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(3-cyanophenyl)-1-methylpropyl)-2-methyl-2-((5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)propanamide N-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(3-cyanophenyl)-1-methylpropyl)-2-methyl-2-((5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)propanamide: MK-0364 is the (1S,2S)-isomer; a cannabinoid-1 receptor inverse agonist; structure in first source	2.08	1	0	stilbenoid
bms 477118 [no description available]	3.23	1	0	adamantanes; azabicycloalkane; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile; tertiary alcohol	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
nystatin a1 Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.	3.59	2	0	nystatins
amenamevir ASP2151: a herpesvirus helicase-primase inhibitor, in a guinea pig model of genital herpes; structure in first source	7.17	1	0
monomethyl auristatin e [no description available]	2.31	1	0
carfilzomib [no description available]	7.21	1	0	epoxide; morpholines; tetrapeptide	antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor
apremilast [no description available]	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether; N-acetylarylamine; phthalimides; sulfone	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
kp-496 KP-496: a dual antagonist at the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 and the thromboxane A(2) receptor	2.04	1	0
cytidine diphosphate choline [no description available]	2.46	2	0	nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s; phosphocholines	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sitagliptin phosphate Sitagliptin Phosphate: A pyrazine-derived DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that increases the levels of the INCRETIN hormones GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.	2.07	1	0
milnacipran [no description available]	3.57	2	0	acetamides
vindesine [no description available]	2.04	1	0
ru 66647 telithromycin: a ketolide; semisynthetic derivative of erythromycin with cycling of the C11-12 positions to form a carbamate ring to avoid acquired resistance to macrolides; binds 70S bacterial rRNA, specifically to the 23S part (23S RIBOSOMAL RNA), preventing protein synthesis;	3.41	1	1
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	2.43	2	0	benzoxazole
dextrothyroxine [no description available]	2.31	1	0
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	3.86	3	0
n4-(2,2-dimethyl-3-oxo-4h-pyrid(1,4)oxazin-6-yl)-5-fluoro-n2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamine N4-(2,2-dimethyl-3-oxo-4H-pyrid(1,4)oxazin-6-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamine: a spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitor; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
pf 03491390 [no description available]	2.05	1	0
verproside verproside: from Pseudolysimachion longifolium; structure in first source	2.03	1	0	glycoside	metabolite
rifamycins [no description available]	2.11	1	0
amodiaquine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.47	2	0
clindamycin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0	S-glycosyl compound
bisaramil [no description available]	2.04	1	0
e 7050 [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether
ceruletide Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.	2.49	2	0	oligopeptide	diagnostic agent; gastrointestinal drug
bivalirudin bivalirudin: designed to bind to the alpha-thrombin catalytic site and anion-binding exosite for fibrin(ogen) recognition. bivalirudin : A synthetic peptide of 20 amino acids, comprising D-Phe, Pro, Arg, Pro, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Asn, Gly, Asp, Phe, Glu, Glu, Ile, Pro, Glu, Glu, Tyr, and Leu in sequence. A congener of hirudin (a naturally occurring drug found in the saliva of the medicinal leech), it a specific and reversible inhibitor of thrombin, and is used as an anticoagulant.	3.23	1	0	polypeptide	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
teicoplanin teicoplanin A2-1 : A teicoplanin A2 that has (4Z)-dec-4-enoyl as the variable N-acyl group.	2.45	2	0
tannins gallotannin : A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose).	2.05	1	0	tannin
enfuvirtide Enfuvirtide: A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide that corresponds to the heptad repeat sequence of HIV-1 gp41. It blocks HIV cell fusion and viral entry and is used with other anti-retrovirals for combination therapy of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. enfuvirtide : A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide consisting of N-acetyltyrosyl, threonyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, histidyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, seryl, glutaminyl, asparaginyl, glutaminyl, glutaminyl, alpha-glutamyl, lysyl, asparaginyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, leucyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, alpha-aspartyl, lysyl, tryptophyl, alanyl, seryl, leucyl, tryptophyl, asparaginyl, tryptophyl, and phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence. An HIV fusion inhibitor, it was the first of a novel class of antiretroviral drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It interferes with entry of HIV into cells by binding to the gp41 sub-unit of the viral envelope glycoprotein, so inhibiting fusion of viral and cellular membranes.	3.23	1	0
ganirelix [no description available]	3.23	1	0	polypeptide
teriparatide [no description available]	3.23	1	0	polypeptide
angiotensinogen Angiotensinogen: An alpha-globulin of about 453 amino acids, depending on the species. It is produced by the liver in response to lowered blood pressure and secreted into blood circulation. Angiotensinogen is the inactive precursor of the ANGIOTENSINS produced in the body by successive enzyme cleavages. Cleavage of angiotensinogen by RENIN yields the decapeptide ANGIOTENSIN I. Further cleavage of angiotensin I (by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME) yields the potent vasoconstrictor octapeptide ANGIOTENSIN II; and then, via other enzymes, other angiotensins also involved in the hemodynamic-regulating RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM.	2.06	1	0
astressin astressin : A 30-membered homodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence D-Phe-His-Leu-Leu-Arg-Glu-Val-Leu-Glu-Nle-Ala-Arg-Ala-Glu-Gln-Leu-Ala-Gln-Glu-Ala-His-Lys-Asn-Arg-Lys-Leu-Nle-Glu-Ile-Ile-NH2 cyclised by an amide bridge, formed by condensation of the side-chain carboxy group of the Glu residue at position 19 and the side-chain amino group of the Lys residue at position 22.	2.03	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; polypeptide	corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist; neuroprotective agent
salmon calcitonin [no description available]	3.23	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone; polypeptide	bone density conservation agent; metabolite
ly-146032 [no description available]	3.85	3	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; lipopeptide antibiotic; lipopeptide; macrocycle; macrolide	antibacterial drug; bacterial metabolite; calcium-dependent antibiotics
dalbavancin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	carbohydrate acid derivative; glycopeptide; monosaccharide derivative; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ilys-prolyl-alaninamide acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ILys-prolyl-alaninamide: FE-200486 is the acetate salt	3.23	1	0	polypeptide
exenatide [no description available]	3.23	1	0
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	2.13	1	0	glycoside
quinine sulfate [no description available]	2.46	2	0	hydrate
endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)	9.1	3	1
(9R)-9-chloro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxy-1-oxoethyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one Beclomethasone: An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA.. beclomethasone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is prednisolone in which the hydrogens at the 9alpha and 16beta positions are substituted by a chlorine and a methyl group, respectively.	13.38	34	20	21-hydroxy steroid
vx-770 ivacaftor: a CFTR potentiator; structure in first source. ivacaftor : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 5-amino-2,4-di-tert-butylphenol. Used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.	2.1	1	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; phenols; quinolone	CFTR potentiator; orphan drug
thimerosal Thimerosal: An ethylmercury-sulfidobenzoate that has been used as a preservative in VACCINES; ANTIVENINS; and OINTMENTS. It was formerly used as a topical antiseptic. It degrades to ethylmercury and thiosalicylate.. thimerosal : An alkylmercury compound (approximately 49% mercury by weight) used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent.	7.31	1	0	alkylmercury compound	antifungal drug; antiseptic drug; disinfectant; drug allergen
mk 0571 [no description available]	3.09	1	0
sphingosine kinase [no description available]	2.05	1	0
cefotiam hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0
chitosan [no description available]	7.66	2	0
fevipiprant fevipiprant: a CRTh2 antagonist; structure in first source	4.45	1	1
mesna Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.	3.91	3	0	organosulfonic acid
potassium aminobenzoate [no description available]	2.46	2	0
ampicillin sodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt
cerivastatin sodium cerivastatin sodium : The sodium salt of cerivastatin. Formerly used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt; statin (synthetic)
sodium lactate Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.	3.23	1	0	lactate salt; organic sodium salt	food acidity regulator; food preservative
monensin [no description available]	2.05	1	0
sodium iothalamate [no description available]	3.23	1	0
methicillin sodium [no description available]	2.46	2	0	organic sodium salt
nafcillin sodium [no description available]	2.46	2	0	organic sodium salt
oxacillin sodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt
penicillin g sodium [no description available]	2.46	2	0	organic sodium salt
cefamandole nafate cefamandole sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of cefamandole.	2.46	2	0	organic sodium salt	antibacterial drug
sodium diatrizoate histopaque: used for separating mononuclear & other cells. sodium amidotrizoate : The sodium salt of a benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, often as a mixture with the meglumine salt, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt; organoiodine compound	radioopaque medium
cephapirin sodium cephapirin sodium : The sodium salt of cephapirin. A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, it is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Being more resistant to beta-lactamases than penicillins, it is effective agains most staphylococci, though not methicillin-resistant staphylococci.	2.46	2	0	cephalosporin; organic sodium salt	antibacterial drug
sodium cephalothin [no description available]	2.46	2	0	organic sodium salt
dicloxacillin sodium [no description available]	2.46	2	0	hydrate
ro13-9904 Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.	2.25	1	0
azlocillin sodium [no description available]	2.46	2	0	organic sodium salt
sodium pertechnetate tc 99m Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and cerebral circulation, brain, thyroid, and joints.	2.08	1	0
cetrorelix cetrorelix: LHRH antagonist. cetrorelix : A synthetic ten-membered oligopeptide comprising N-acetyl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-D-alanyl, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-D-alanyl, L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, N(5)-carbamoyl-D-ornithyl, L-leucyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, and D-alaninamide residues coupled in sequence. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, it is used for treatment of infertility and of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast.	3.58	2	0	oligopeptide	antineoplastic agent; GnRH antagonist
cabozantinib cabozantinib: a multikinase inhibitor. cabozantinib : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that is N-phenyl-N'-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the phenyl ring is substituted by a (6,7-dimethoxyquinolin-4-yl)oxy group. A multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, used (as its malate salt) for the treatment of progressive, metastatic, medullary thyroid cancer.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; dicarboxylic acid diamide; organofluorine compound; quinolines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
incb-018424 [no description available]	2.08	1	0	nitrile; pyrazoles; pyrrolopyrimidine	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
tolterodine tartrate Tolterodine Tartrate: An ANTIMUSCARINIC AGENT selective for the MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS of the BLADDER that is used in the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE and URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE.	2.07	1	0	tartrate salt
gsk 1363089 GSK 1363089: a multikinase inhibitor that acts on Met, RON, Axl, and VEGFR; structure in first source	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	5.03	8	1
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	12.15	10	3
abt-199 venetoclax: A BCL-2 inhibitor with antineoplastic activity that is used in the treatment of CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA associated with chromosome 17p deletion; structure in first source.. venetoclax : A member of the class of pyrrolopyridines that is a potent inhibitor of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2. It is used for treamtment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with 17p deletion.	2.21	1	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; oxanes; pyrrolopyridine	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.	2.04	1	0
3-(((3-carboxycyclohexyl)amino)carbonyl)-4-(3-(4-(4-phenoxybutoxy)phenyl)propoxy)benzoic acid [no description available]	2.11	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
dcc-2701 DCC-2701: inhibits c-Met protein, TIE-2 protein, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor	2.13	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	4.28	5	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
raltegravir [no description available]	3.23	1	0	1,2,4-oxadiazole; dicarboxylic acid amide; hydroxypyrimidine; monofluorobenzenes; pyrimidone; secondary carboxamide	antiviral drug; HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.	8	4	0	carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	4.95	11	0
chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.	2.73	3	0
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.	4.68	8	0
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	4.67	8	0
methacycline Methacycline: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE but excreted more slowly and maintaining effective blood levels for a more extended period.. methacycline : A tetracycline that is the 6-methylene analogue of oxytetracycline, obtained by formal dehydration at position 6.	2.03	1	0
dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.	2.05	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam [no description available]	4.67	8	0	benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
roquinimex roquinimex: structure in first source	2.45	2	0	aromatic amide
acenocoumarol Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group.	2.75	3	0	C-nitro compound; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.	4.41	6	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.	3.15	5	0	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
isoxicam isoxicam : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is piroxicam in which the pyrid-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the market in the 1980s following its association with cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.	3.15	5	0	benzothiazine; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antirheumatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	11.41	12	1	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
demeclocycline Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.	3.58	2	0
phenprocoumon Phenprocoumon: Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.. phenprocoumon : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group.	2.05	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
tipranavir tipranavir: inhibits HIV-1 protease. tipranavir : A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.	3.89	3	0	sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
chlortetracycline hydrochloride Alexomycin: a thiopeptide; a cyclic peptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces arginensis isolated from the soil	2.46	2	0
rolitetracycline Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group.	2.45	2	0
sudoxicam sudoxicam: proposed ant-inflammatory agent; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZINES (75-86)	2.05	1	0
methacycline monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0
minocycline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0
demeclocycline hydrochloride demeclocycline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of demeclocycline. A tetracycline antibiotic, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.	2.46	2	0
tigecycline [no description available]	3.85	3	0
(S)-warfarin (S)-warfarin : A 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one that has (S)-configuration (the racemate is warfarin, an anticoagulant drug and rodenticide).	2.46	2	0	4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one
lornoxicam lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations.	2.47	2	0	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
budesonide, formoterol fumarate drug combination Budesonide, Formoterol Fumarate Drug Combination: A pharmaceutical preparation of budesonide and formoterol fumarate that is used as an ANTI-ASTHMATIC AGENT and for the treatment of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.	5.35	4	1
fluticasone propionate, salmeterol xinafoate drug combination Fluticasone-Salmeterol Drug Combination: A drug combination of fluticasone and salmeterol that is used as an inhaler formulation to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.	8.22	11	5
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	2.31	1	0
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	3.47	7	0
ajmaline [no description available]	2.05	1	0
fertinex [no description available]	3.23	1	0
s 8932 [no description available]	3.41	1	0	aromatic amine; C-nucleoside; carboxylic ester; nitrile; phosphoramidate ester; pyrrolotriazine	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; prodrug
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	4.97	4	0
orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers	2.11	1	0
entecavir entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.	3.59	2	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	4.55	7	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	7.52	2	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
inosine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sapropterin sapropterin: RN given refers to parent cpd; co-factor required for catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthases. (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin : A 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin in which the stereocentre at position 6 has R-configuration.. sapropterin : A tetrahydropterin that is 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one in which a hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group (6R,1'R,2'S-enantiomer).	3.21	1	0	5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin	coenzyme; cofactor; diagnostic agent; human metabolite
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	4.43	6	0	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	5.69	14	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.	5.03	12	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic
dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	4.67	8	0	dacarbazine
didanosine Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.	4.87	10	0	purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir [no description available]	4.55	7	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antiinfective agent; antiviral drug
valacyclovir Valacyclovir: A prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES.	3.23	1	0	L-valyl ester	antiviral drug
sildenafil sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.	4.54	7	0	piperazines; pyrazolopyrimidine; sulfonamide	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
olanzapine Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.	3.87	3	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
penciclovir penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.	2.96	4	0	2-aminopurines; propane-1,3-diols	antiviral drug
oxypurinol Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.	2.05	1	0	pyrazolopyrimidine	drug metabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
raltitrexed [no description available]	2.05	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
vardenafil vardenafil : The sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine.	4.25	5	0	imidazotriazine; N-alkylpiperazine; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	9.97	11	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
citrovorum factor [no description available]	3.86	3	0	tetrahydrofolic acid
leucovorin 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.	4.26	5	0	formyltetrahydrofolic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
rifapentine rifapentine: cyclopentyl derivative of rifampicin	3.54	2	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-iminopiperazine; rifamycins	antitubercular agent; leprostatic drug
alanosine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
bl 4162a anagrelide: imidazoquinazoline derivative which lowers platelet count probably by inhibiting thrombopoiesis and reduces platelet aggregation; used for thrombocythemia; structure in first source. anagrelide : A 1,5-dihydroimidazo[2,1-]quinazoline having an oxo substituent at the 2-position and chloro substituents at the 6- and 7-positions.	3.23	1	0	imidazoquinazoline	anticoagulant; antifibrinolytic drug; cardiovascular drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor
tegaserod tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source	4.08	4	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; hydrazines; indoles	gastrointestinal drug; serotonergic agonist
norclozapine norclozapine: structure given in first source. N-desmethylclozapine : A dibenzodoazepine substituted with chloro and piperazino groups which is a major metabolite of clozapine; a potent and selective 5-HT2C serotonin receptor antagonist.	2.08	1	0	dibenzodiazepine; organochlorine compound; piperazines	delta-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; serotonergic antagonist
pemetrexed pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).	8.71	2	0	N-acyl-L-glutamic acid; pyrrolopyrimidine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
tirapazamine Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.	2.45	2	0	aromatic amine; benzotriazines; N-oxide	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
sildenafil citrate Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.	2	1	0	citrate salt	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
valganciclovir Valganciclovir: A ganciclovir prodrug and antiviral agent that is used to treat CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS in patients with AIDS, and for the prevention of CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS in organ transplant recipients who have received an organ from a CMV-positive donor.. valganciclovir : The L-valinyl ester of ganciclovir, into which it is rapidly converted by intestinal and hepatic esterases. It is a synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine.	3.23	1	0	L-valyl ester; purines	antiviral drug; prodrug
aprepitant Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.	3.85	3	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; cyclic acetal; morpholines; triazoles	antidepressant; antiemetic; neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist; peripheral nervous system drug; substance P receptor antagonist
fosaprepitant fosaprepitant: a pro-drug form of aprepitant. fosaprepitant : A morpholine derivative that is the (1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl ether of (3-{[(2R,3S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxymorpholin-4-yl]methyl}-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phosphonic acid.	3.23	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; cyclic acetal; morpholines; phosphoramide; triazoles	antiemetic; neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist; prodrug
ceftobiprole ceftobiprole: BAL5788 is Ceftobiprole medocaril sodium. ceftobiprole : A fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (E)-[(3'R)-2-oxo[1,3'-bipyrrolidin]-3-ylidene]methyl and [(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively; developed for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP, excluding ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin; thiadiazoles	antimicrobial agent
rifabutin [no description available]	4.54	7	0
amg531 [no description available]	2.06	1	0
9-beta-d-arabinofuranosylguanosine 5'-triphosphate [no description available]	2.1	1	0
levomefolate calcium levomefolate calcium: an ingredient in Contraceptives, Oral, Combined. levomefolate calcium : An organic calcium salt of (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid.	3.23	1	0	organic calcium salt	antidepressant
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	7.25	1	0

montelukast

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (78)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (3)

Drug Classes (3)

Protein Targets (26)

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (436)

Molecular Functions (116)

Ceullar Components (73)

Bioassays (112)

Research

Studies (1,806)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 132.06

Study Types

Clinical Trials (314)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Number of Patients Requiring ß-Agonist Rescue Medication After Exercise Challenge at 12 Hours Postdose

Number of Patients Requiring ß-Agonist Rescue Medication After Exercise Challenge at 24 Hours Postdose

Area Under the Curve for FEV1 Percent Change From Preexercise Baseline During the 60 Minutes Following Exercise Challenge (AUC 0-60 Min) at 12 Hours Postdose

Area Under the Curve for FEV1 Percent Change From Preexercise Baseline During the 60 Minutes Following Exercise Challenge (AUC 0-60 Min) at 2 Hours Postdose

Area Under the Curve for FEV1 Percent Change From Preexercise Baseline During the 60 Minutes Following Exercise Challenge (AUC 0-60min) at 24 Hours Postdose

Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 12 Hours Postdose Compared With Pre-exercise Baseline in Patients With EIB

Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 2 Hours Post-dose Compared With Pre-exercise Baseline in Patients With Exercise-induced Bronchospasm (EIB)

Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 24 Hours Postdose Compared With Pre-exercise Baseline in Patients With EIB

Time to Recovery From Maximum Percentage Decrease in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 12 Hours Postdose

Time to Recovery From Maximum Percentage Decrease in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 2 Hours Postdose

Time to Recovery From Maximum Percentage Decrease in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 24 Hours Postdose

Number of Patients Requiring ß-Agonist Rescue Medication After Exercise Challenge at 2 Hours Postdose

Patient's Global Evaluation of Allergic Rhinitis at the End of the 6 Week Treatment Period

Mean Change From Baseline in Daytime Nasal Symptoms Score Averaged Over the 6-week Treatment Period in Patients With Perennial Allergic Rhinitis

Mean Change From Baseline in Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality-of-life Questionnaire (RQLQ) Overall Score After the 6 Week Treatment Period

Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 2 Hours Postdose Compared With Pre-exercise Baseline in Patients With Exercise-induced Bronchospasm (EIB)

Number of Participants Requiring ß-Agonist Rescue Medication After Exercise Challenge at 24 Hours Postdose

Number of Participants Requiring ß-Agonist Rescue Medication After Exercise Challenge at 12 Hours Postdose

Area Under the Curve for FEV1 Percent Change From Preexercise Baseline During the 60 Minutes Following Exercise Challenge (AUC 0-60min) at 24 Hours Postdose

Area Under the Curve for FEV1 Percent Change From Preexercise Baseline During the 60 Minutes Following Exercise Challenge (AUC 0-60min) at 2 Hours Postdose

Area Under the Curve for FEV1 Percent Change From Preexercise Baseline During the 60 Minutes Following Exercise Challenge (AUC 0-60min) at 12 Hours Postdose

Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 12 Hours Postdose Compared With Pre-exercise Baseline in Patients With Exercise-induced Bronchospasm (EIB)

Number of Participants Requiring ß-Agonist Rescue Medication After Exercise Challenge at 2 Hours Postdose

Time to Recovery From Maximum Percentage Decrease in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 24 Hours Postdose

Time to Recovery From Maximum Percentage Decrease in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 2 Hours Postdose

Time to Recovery From Maximum Percentage Decrease in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 12 Hours Postdose

Maximum Percent Fall in FEV1 After Exercise Challenge at 24 Hours Postdose Compared With Pre-exercise Baseline in Patients With Exercise-induced Bronchospasm (EIB)

Number of Wheezing-free Days of Infant (Observed by Primary Caregiver)

The Number of Participants Requiring Rescue Beta Agonist Use

Wheezing at Day 7

Number of Participants With Treatment Failure (Hospitalization or Time to Decision to Discharge > 2 Hours)

Time-Weighted Average Change in FEV1 Over 45 Minutes Following the End of Study Drug Administration

Time-Weighted Average Change in FEV1 Over 30 Minutes Following the End of Study Drug Administration

Improvement in FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second) Over the First 60 Minutes After Administration

Change in FEV1 After 15 Minutes Following the End of Study Drug Administration

Change From Baseline in Modified Pulmonary Index [mPI] Score

Total Dose of β-agonist Administered Per Patient Over a Period of 2 Hours Following the End of Study Drug Administration

Change From Baseline in Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) Over 2 Week Randomized Treatment Period

Change From Baseline in Stuffy Nose Symptom Score Over 2 Week Randomized Treatment Period

Change From Baseline in Sneezing Symptom Score Over 2 Week Randomized Treatment Period

Change From Baseline in Runny Nose Symptom Score Over 2 Week Randomized Treatment Period

Change From Baseline in Other Symptom Score Over 2 Week Randomized Treatment Period

Maximum FEV1 % Predicted Following First Beta-agonist Use

Maximum Post-exercise Percent (%) Fall in FEV1

Time to Recovery to Within 5% of Baseline FEV1

Area Under the Curve for %-Change From Pre-exercise Baseline FEV1 in Liters (L), From 0 to 20 Minutes (AUC(0-20))

Average (Avg) %-Change in FEV1 After First Beta (β)-Agonist Use and Prior to Second β-agonist Use

Treatment Failure

Incidence of Acute Otitis Media