melanotan-ii profile

Melanotan-II, also known as MT-II, is a synthetic analog of the naturally occurring hormone α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). It is a potent stimulator of melanogenesis, the process of melanin production in the skin. Melanotan-II is typically synthesized through a chemical process involving peptide synthesis techniques.

Research on Melanotan-II is primarily focused on its potential therapeutic applications:

* **Tanning:** Melanotan-II promotes melanin production, leading to tanning without sun exposure.
* **Skin Cancer Prevention:** Research suggests that melanotan-II might offer some protection against skin cancer by increasing melanin levels.
* **Erectile Dysfunction:** Some studies have shown that Melanotan-II can improve erectile function in men.
* **Other Potential Applications:** Research is ongoing to explore its potential use in treating conditions like obesity, depression, and inflammation.

However, it's important to note that Melanotan-II is not approved for medical use in most countries. Its use carries potential risks, including:

* **Side Effects:** Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, flushing, and darkening of the skin.
* **Safety Concerns:** There are concerns about the long-term effects of Melanotan-II use, and it can interact with certain medications.

Therefore, Melanotan-II should only be used under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional.'

melanotan-II: synthetic cyclic heptapeptide, an analog of alpha-melanotropin (4,10); capable of stimulating melanin synthesis & promoting rapid tanning of skin; currently in trials for use in the prevention of sunlight-induced skin cancer [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	92432
CHEMBL ID	430239
CHEBI ID	195326
SCHEMBL ID	1047531
MeSH ID	M0212250

Synonym
mtii
(3s,6s,9r,12s,15s,23s)-9-benzyl-6-{3-[(diaminomethylidene)amino]propyl}-15-[(2s)-2-acetamidohexanamido]-12-(1h-imidazol-5-ylmethyl)-3-(1h-indol-3-ylmethyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17-hexaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,18-hexaazacyclotricosane-23-carboxamide
gtpl1323
melanotan ii
melanotan-ii
l-lysinamide, n-acetyl-l-norleucyl-l-alpha-aspartyl-l-histidyl-d-phenylalanyl-l-arginyl-l-tryptophyl-, cyclic (2-7)-peptide
NCGC00167281-01
bdbm50184359
ebi_340792
(3s,6s,9r,12s,15s,23s)-15-((s)-2-acetylamino-hexanoylamino)-9-benzyl-6-(3-guanidino-propyl)-12-(3h-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-3-(1h-indol-3-ylmethyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17-hexaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,18hexaaza-cyclotricosane-23-carboxylic acid amide
melatonan
CHEMBL430239 ,
121062-08-6
mt-ii
CHEBI:195326
(3s,6s,9r,12s,15s,23s)-15-[[(2s)-2-acetamidohexanoyl]amino]-9-benzyl-6-[3-(diaminomethylideneamino)propyl]-12-(1h-imidazol-5-ylmethyl)-3-(1h-indol-3-ylmethyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17-hexaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,18-hexazacyclotricosane-23-carboxamide
unii-upf5cj93x7
upf5cj93x7 ,
AKOS015994654
SCHEMBL1047531
HS-2017
melanotan ii acetate salt
DTXSID90153135
J-004435
bdbm50027084
(3s,6s,9r,12s,15s,23s)-12-((1h-imidazol-5-yl)methyl)-3-((1h-indol-3-yl)methyl)-15-((s)-2-acetamidohexanamido)-9-benzyl-6-(3-guanidinopropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17-hexaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,18-hexaazacyclotricosane-23-carboxamide
HY-P0267
melanotan (mt)-ii
melanotanii
(3s,6s,9r,12s,15s,23s)-12-((1h-imidazol-5-yl)methyl)-3-((1h-indol-3-yl)methyl)-15-((s)-2-acetamidohexanamido)-9-benzyl-6-(3-((diaminomethylene)amino)propyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17-hexaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,18-hexaazacyclotricosane-23-carboxamide
Q423855
EX-A7394
l-lysinamide, n-acetyl-l-norleucyl-l-.alpha.-aspartyl-l-histidyl-d-phenylalanyl-l-arginyl-l-tryptophyl-, cyclic (2->7)-peptide
melanotan ii [who-dd]
121062-08-6 (non-salt)

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" This level of sensitivity allowed the determination of pharmacokinetic parameters, following intravenous administration of MT-II in rat."	( Determination of melanotan-II in rat plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: determination of pharmacokinetic parameters in rat following intravenous administration. Mock, S; Shen, X; Tamvakopoulos, C, 2002)	0.65

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Ultrastable cyclic peptide frameworks offer great potential for drug design due to their improved bioavailability compared to their linear analogues."	( Development of Novel Melanocortin Receptor Agonists Based on the Cyclic Peptide Framework of Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor-1. Ahmad Fuaad, A; Bauer, U; Cai, M; Cheneval, O; Craik, DJ; Cromm, PM; Daly, NL; Dellsén, A; Durek, T; Harvey, PJ; Hruby, VJ; Kaas, Q; Kessler, H; Knerr, L; Larsson, N; Österlund, T; Plowright, AT; Schroeder, CI; Weidmann, J; White, AM; Zhou, Y, 2018)	0.48

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Two subjects had increased pigmentation in the face, upper body and buttock, as measured by quantitative reflectance and by visual perception 1 week after MT-II dosing ended."	( Evaluation of melanotan-II, a superpotent cyclic melanotropic peptide in a pilot phase-I clinical study. Brooks, C; Dorr, RT; Hadley, ME; Hruby, VJ; Levine, N; Lines, R; Xiang, L, 1996)	0.65
" Repetitive once daily oral dosing (0."	( Backbone cyclic peptidomimetic melanocortin-4 receptor agonist as a novel orally administrated drug lead for treating obesity. Faier, A; Gabinet, Y; Gilon, C; Halbfinger, E; Haskell-Luevano, C; Hess, S; Hoffman, A; Lapidot, T; Linde, Y; Ovadia, O; Portillo, FP; Safrai, E; Shalev, DE; Swed, A; Winkler, I; Xiang, Z; Yarden, D, 2008)	0.35
" She appeared assured in the self-administration of double dosage and self-management of nausea with benzodiazepines and by injecting before sleep."	( An in-depth case examination of an exotic dancer's experience of melanotan. Brennan, R; Van Hout, MC, 2014)	0.4
" There are questions regarding the preparation, administration, and dosage of these substances."	( Risks of unregulated use of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogues: a review. Bergman, W; Habbema, L; Halk, AB; Neumann, M, 2017)	0.46
" Emergent themes included motivation for MT II use, misinformation in the context of using an unregulated product, product preparation and administration, dosing regimens, sunbed use, side effects and concerning practices associated with MT II use."	( Melanotan II User Experience: A Qualitative Study of Online Discussion Forums. Daly, S; Gilhooley, E; McKenna, D, 2021)	0.62

Class	Description
organic molecular entity	Any molecular entity that contains carbon.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0020	0.0002	0.6413	6.1900	AID109118; AID109131; AID1202971; AID1271083; AID1369752; AID1424720; AID1902920; AID261681; AID272314; AID274311; AID312471; AID375545; AID597029
Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0009	0.0000	0.3086	4.8860	AID1480165; AID1743780; AID1812562; AID1852336
Melanocortin receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0124	0.0009	1.2566	9.5180	AID109429; AID1202975; AID1271084; AID1369755; AID1424724; AID1480166; AID1812563; AID1852340; AID1902921; AID261682; AID272315; AID274312; AID312478; AID375546; AID597030
Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0034	0.0012	0.0166	0.0832	AID108794; AID1202967; AID1271082; AID1369749; AID1424716; AID1902919; AID261680; AID272313; AID274310; AID312470; AID375544; AID597028
Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0124	0.0001	0.2452	2.8650	AID1480164; AID1743779; AID1812561; AID1852335
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0011	0.0001	0.0376	0.6150	AID108612; AID108616; AID108619; AID1202963; AID1239144; AID1271081; AID1369747; AID1424713; AID1902918; AID261679; AID272312; AID274309; AID312469; AID375543; AID597027
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0001	0.0000	0.0065	0.0370	AID1480163; AID1812560; AID1852334
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0028	0.0000	0.0911	2.6000	AID108959; AID108967; AID108968; AID1202973; AID1271087; AID1369753; AID1424722; AID1476414; AID1476420; AID1480174; AID1480175; AID1743775; AID1812559; AID1812567; AID1852339; AID1902925; AID261685; AID272318; AID274320; AID312474; AID375549; AID597021
Melanocortin receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0077	0.0002	0.1615	4.4000	AID109298; AID109597; AID1202977; AID1271088; AID1369757; AID1424726; AID1476417; AID1902927; AID261686; AID272319; AID274319; AID312479; AID375550; AID597022
Melanocortin receptor 3	Mus musculus (house mouse)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0002	0.0001	0.2857	5.4000	AID109614; AID109617; AID1169943; AID1202906; AID240040; AID282351
Melanocortin receptor 5	Mus musculus (house mouse)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0002	0.0000	0.0321	1.4900	AID107044; AID107046; AID1169945; AID1202905; AID240042; AID282355
Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0063	0.0001	0.0127	0.2480	AID108778; AID108779; AID109594; AID1202969; AID1271086; AID1369750; AID1424718; AID1476411; AID1480173; AID1743773; AID1812558; AID1852338; AID1902923; AID261684; AID272317; AID274318; AID312473; AID375548; AID597020
Urotensin-2 receptor	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0033	0.0030	0.0032	0.0033	AID375550
Melanocortin receptor 4	Mus musculus (house mouse)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0001	0.0000	0.1247	2.4700	AID107033; AID107035; AID1169944; AID1202911; AID240041; AID282353
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0061	0.0000	0.0080	0.2280	AID108474; AID108482; AID108603; AID108604; AID1202965; AID1239146; AID1271085; AID1369748; AID1424714; AID1480172; AID1812557; AID1852337; AID1902916; AID261683; AID272316; AID274317; AID312472; AID375547; AID596854; AID71942
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Mus musculus (house mouse)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0001	0.0000	0.3004	7.6900	AID109599; AID109602; AID1169942; AID1202904; AID240039; AID282350
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
diet induced thermogenesis	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
energy reserve metabolic process	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
feeding behavior	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
insulin secretion	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
response to insulin	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bone resorption	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of eating behavior	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
response to melanocyte-stimulating hormone	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of feeding behavior	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of grooming behavior	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of metabolic process	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	Melanocortin receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Melanocortin receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of metabolic process	Melanocortin receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood pressure	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian regulation of gene expression	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
homoiothermy	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
locomotor rhythm	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion homeostasis	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of feeding behavior	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of metabolic process	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
UV protection	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein kinase A signaling	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of pain	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transduction	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
melanin biosynthetic process	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
pigmentation	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
UV-damage excision repair	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein kinase C signaling	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of feeding behavior	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of metabolic process	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
melanocortin receptor activity	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor activity	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide hormone binding	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide binding	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Melanocortin receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
hormone binding	Melanocortin receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
melanocortin receptor activity	Melanocortin receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
melanocortin receptor activity	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor activity	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide binding	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide hormone binding	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
melanocortin receptor activity	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor activity	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled peptide receptor activity	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
hormone binding	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
plasma membrane	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Melanocortin receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Melanocortin receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Melanocortin receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (248)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1902918	Displacement of [125I]NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells by competitive binding assay	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-10, Volume: 65, Issue:5	CLIPSing Melanotan-II to Discover Multiple Functionally Selective hMCR Agonists.
AID1239147	Agonist activity at human MC1 receptor expressed in A375 cells assessed as intracellular cAMP accumulation using [3H]-cAMP at 10 uM by luminescence counting relative to MT-II	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16	Systematic Backbone Conformational Constraints on a Cyclic Melanotropin Ligand Leads to Highly Selective Ligands for Multiple Melanocortin Receptors.
AID1743773	Agonist activity at human MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells expressing the GScAMP22F cAMP reporter assessed as effect on cAMP accumulation by cAMP split-luciferase reporter gene assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-14, Volume: 64, Issue:1	Structure-Based Design of Melanocortin 4 Receptor Ligands Based on the SHU-9119-hMC4R Cocrystal Structure†.
AID1902923	Agonist activity at human MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as maximal intracellular cAMP accumulation by fluorescence based analysis	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-10, Volume: 65, Issue:5	CLIPSing Melanotan-II to Discover Multiple Functionally Selective hMCR Agonists.
AID108616	Inhibitory concentration against human Melanocortin 1 receptor (hMC1R)	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Biological and conformational examination of stereochemical modifications using the template melanotropin peptide, Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys]-NH2, on human melanocortin receptors.
AID261679	Inhibitory activity against hMC1R transfected in HEK293 cells	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-23, Volume: 49, Issue:6	Development of cyclic gamma-MSH analogues with selective hMC3R agonist and hMC3R/hMC5R antagonist activities.
AID109131	Inhibitory concentration against human Melanocortin 4 receptor (hMC4R)	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Biological and conformational examination of stereochemical modifications using the template melanotropin peptide, Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys]-NH2, on human melanocortin receptors.
AID282350	Agonist activity at mouse MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells by beta-galactosidase assay	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-30, Volume: 47, Issue:27	Stereochemical studies of the monocyclic agouti-related protein (103-122) Arg-Phe-Phe residues: conversion of a melanocortin-4 receptor antagonist into an agonist and results in the discovery of a potent and selective melanocortin-1 agonist.
AID375549	Agonist activity at human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as stimulation of intracellular cAMP level	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-25, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Substitution of arginine with proline and proline derivatives in melanocyte-stimulating hormones leads to selectivity for human melanocortin 4 receptor.
AID261685	Activity against hMC4R transfected in HEK293 cells by intracellular cAMP accumulation	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-23, Volume: 49, Issue:6	Development of cyclic gamma-MSH analogues with selective hMC3R agonist and hMC3R/hMC5R antagonist activities.
AID1169942	Activity at mouse MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as cAMP accumulation by CRE/beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 57, Issue:22	1,4-disubstituted-[1,2,3]triazolyl-containing analogues of MT-II: design, synthesis, conformational analysis, and biological activity.
AID1202911	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin-4 receptor transfected in HEK293 cells after 6 hrs by beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2015	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-12, Volume: 6, Issue:2	Melanocortin antagonist tetrapeptides with minimal agonist activity at the mouse melanocortin-3 receptor.
AID108959	Agonistic activity against human melanocortin receptor (hMC4R) for cAMP accumulation	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-07, Volume: 13, Issue:7	Structure-activity relationship of cyclic peptide penta-c[Asp-His(6)-DPhe(7)-Arg(8)-Trp(9)-Lys]-NH(2) at the human melanocortin-1 and -4 receptors: His(6) substitution.
AID375546	Displacement of [125I][Nle4,Dphe7]-alpha-MSH from human MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-25, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Substitution of arginine with proline and proline derivatives in melanocyte-stimulating hormones leads to selectivity for human melanocortin 4 receptor.
AID272317	Activity at hMC3R transfected in HEK293 cells assessed as intracellular cAMP accumulation	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-16, Volume: 49, Issue:23	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new cyclic melanotropin peptide analogues selective for the human melanocortin-4 receptor.
AID272314	Displacement of [125I]NDP-alphaMSH from human MC4 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-16, Volume: 49, Issue:23	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new cyclic melanotropin peptide analogues selective for the human melanocortin-4 receptor.
AID107387	Metabotropic potency against Rana pipiens using frog skin bioassay; effect continued after the removal of the compound	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 32, Issue:12	Potent and prolonged acting cyclic lactam analogues of alpha-melanotropin: design based on molecular dynamics.
AID1424717	Displacement of [125I]-[Nle4,d-Phe7]-alpha-MSH from human MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells at 10 uM after 40 mins by gamma counting analysis relative to control	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-10, Volume: 151	Replacement of Arg with Nle and modified D-Phe in the core sequence of MSHs, Ac-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH
AID1202967	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC3 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by gamma counting analysis	2015	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-12, Volume: 6, Issue:2	Azepinone-Containing Tetrapeptide Analogues of Melanotropin Lead to Selective hMC4R Agonists and hMC5R Antagonist.
AID1480173	Agonist activity at human MC3R expressed in low doxycyclin-treated HEK293 cell membranes assessed as increase in cAMP production after 45 mins by HTRF method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-26, Volume: 61, Issue:8	Development of Novel Melanocortin Receptor Agonists Based on the Cyclic Peptide Framework of Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor-1.
AID101999	Activity expressed as EC50 was measured in lizard.	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-12, Volume: 38, Issue:10	Design, synthesis, biology, and conformations of bicyclic alpha-melanotropin analogues.
AID1169945	Activity at mouse MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as cAMP accumulation by CRE/beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 57, Issue:22	1,4-disubstituted-[1,2,3]triazolyl-containing analogues of MT-II: design, synthesis, conformational analysis, and biological activity.
AID1271087	Agonist activity at human melanocortin 4 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as intracellular cAMP accumulation incubated for 3 mins in presence of IBMX	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-24, Volume: 58, Issue:24	Discovery of Novel Potent and Selective Agonists at the Melanocortin-3 Receptor.
AID1271083	Displacement of 125I-labeled [Nle4,DPhe7]-alpha-MSH from human melanocortin 4 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells incubated for 40 mins by gamma counting analysis	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-24, Volume: 58, Issue:24	Discovery of Novel Potent and Selective Agonists at the Melanocortin-3 Receptor.
AID240039	Effective concentration for mouse Melanocortin-1 receptor	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-21, Volume: 48, Issue:8	Structure-activity relationships of the unique and potent agouti-related protein (AGRP)-melanocortin chimeric Tyr-c[beta-Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Asn-Ala-Phe-Dpr]-Tyr-NH2 peptide template.
AID1169951	Selectivity index, ratio of EC50 for mouse MC5R to EC50 for mouse MC1R	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 57, Issue:22	1,4-disubstituted-[1,2,3]triazolyl-containing analogues of MT-II: design, synthesis, conformational analysis, and biological activity.
AID1202975	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC5 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by gamma counting analysis	2015	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-12, Volume: 6, Issue:2	Azepinone-Containing Tetrapeptide Analogues of Melanotropin Lead to Selective hMC4R Agonists and hMC5R Antagonist.
AID1369747	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells after 40 mins by gamma counting method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-10, Volume: 61, Issue:9	Development of Macrocyclic Peptidomimetics Containing Constrained α,α-Dialkylated Amino Acids with Potent and Selective Activity at Human Melanocortin Receptors.
AID1202906	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin-3 receptor transfected in HEK293 cells after 6 hrs by beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2015	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-12, Volume: 6, Issue:2	Melanocortin antagonist tetrapeptides with minimal agonist activity at the mouse melanocortin-3 receptor.
AID274317	Activity at human MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed by measuring intracellular cAMP accumulation	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 16, Issue:20	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new class of small molecule peptide mimetics targeting the melanocortin receptors.
AID1424716	Displacement of [125I]-[Nle4,d-Phe7]-alpha-MSH from human MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells after 40 mins by gamma counting analysis	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-10, Volume: 151	Replacement of Arg with Nle and modified D-Phe in the core sequence of MSHs, Ac-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH
AID272313	Displacement of [125I]NDP-alphaMSH from human MC3 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-16, Volume: 49, Issue:23	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new cyclic melanotropin peptide analogues selective for the human melanocortin-4 receptor.
AID102011	Decrease in lizard skin reflectivity (metabotropic activity).	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 40, Issue:17	beta-Methylation of the Phe7 and Trp9 melanotropin side chain pharmacophores affects ligand-receptor interactions and prolonged biological activity.
AID102005	Potency of compound was measured in lizard where (+) indicates peptide is prolonged acting.	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-12, Volume: 38, Issue:10	Design, synthesis, biology, and conformations of bicyclic alpha-melanotropin analogues.
AID1476413	Agonist activity at EYFP-fused human MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells after 16 to 20 hrs by CRE-driven reporter assay relative to alpha-MSH	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-09, Volume: 60, Issue:21	Click-Chemistry-Mediated Synthesis of Selective Melanocortin Receptor 4 Agonists.
AID1424713	Displacement of [125I]-[Nle4,d-Phe7]-alpha-MSH from human MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells after 40 mins by gamma counting analysis	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-10, Volume: 151	Replacement of Arg with Nle and modified D-Phe in the core sequence of MSHs, Ac-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH
AID102013	Relative potency compared to alpha MSH in a lizard skin bioassay.	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 40, Issue:17	beta-Methylation of the Phe7 and Trp9 melanotropin side chain pharmacophores affects ligand-receptor interactions and prolonged biological activity.
AID1812562	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC4R expressed in HEK2936E cell membrane measured after 16-23 hrs by 1450 microbeta trilux scintillation proximity assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-22, Volume: 64, Issue:14	Melanocortin 1 Receptor Agonists Based on a Bivalent, Bicyclic Peptide Framework.
AID597028	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells after 40 mins by Wallac 1470 gamma counting	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 21, Issue:10	Cyclic lactam hybrid α-MSH/Agouti-related protein (AGRP) analogues with nanomolar range binding affinities at the human melanocortin receptors.
AID108779	Effective concentration required for the biological activity against human Melanocortin 3 receptor	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-25, Volume: 46, Issue:20	Peptide science: exploring the use of chemical principles and interdisciplinary collaboration for understanding life processes.
AID1424718	Agonist activity at human MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells after 3 mins by cAMP assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-10, Volume: 151	Replacement of Arg with Nle and modified D-Phe in the core sequence of MSHs, Ac-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH
AID312478	Displacement of [125I][Nle4,D-Phe7]alpha-MSH from human MC5 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Structure-activity relationships of cyclic lactam analogues of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) targeting the human melanocortin-3 receptor.
AID108968	Effective concentration required for the biological activity against human Melanocortin 4 receptor	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-25, Volume: 46, Issue:20	Peptide science: exploring the use of chemical principles and interdisciplinary collaboration for understanding life processes.
AID1369748	Agonist activity at human MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of intracellular cAMP accumulation measured after 3 mins	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-10, Volume: 61, Issue:9	Development of Macrocyclic Peptidomimetics Containing Constrained α,α-Dialkylated Amino Acids with Potent and Selective Activity at Human Melanocortin Receptors.
AID1812561	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC3R expressed in HEK2936E cell membrane measured after 16-23 hrs by 1450 microbeta trilux scintillation proximity assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-22, Volume: 64, Issue:14	Melanocortin 1 Receptor Agonists Based on a Bivalent, Bicyclic Peptide Framework.
AID1902924	Agonist activity at human MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as maximal intracellular cAMP accumulation at 10 uM by fluorescence based analysis relative to control	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-10, Volume: 65, Issue:5	CLIPSing Melanotan-II to Discover Multiple Functionally Selective hMCR Agonists.
AID1271082	Displacement of 125I-labeled [Nle4,DPhe7]-alpha-MSH from human melanocortin 3 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells incubated for 40 mins by gamma counting analysis	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-24, Volume: 58, Issue:24	Discovery of Novel Potent and Selective Agonists at the Melanocortin-3 Receptor.
AID1812559	Agonist activity at human melanocortin receptor 4 expressed in human T-REx-293 cells using low doxycycline assessed as stimulation of intracellular cAMP accumulation incubated for 45 mins by LANCE cAMP assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-22, Volume: 64, Issue:14	Melanocortin 1 Receptor Agonists Based on a Bivalent, Bicyclic Peptide Framework.
AID597022	Agonist activity at human MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as intracellular cAMP accumulation	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 21, Issue:10	Cyclic lactam hybrid α-MSH/Agouti-related protein (AGRP) analogues with nanomolar range binding affinities at the human melanocortin receptors.
AID1271084	Displacement of 125I-labeled [Nle4,DPhe7]-alpha-MSH from human melanocortin 5 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells incubated for 40 mins by gamma counting analysis	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-24, Volume: 58, Issue:24	Discovery of Novel Potent and Selective Agonists at the Melanocortin-3 Receptor.
AID20351	Relative rate determined by setting MTII equal to 1 and dividing the apparent k-1 by the MTII value	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 38, Issue:23	Topographical modification of melanotropin peptide analogues with beta-methyltryptophan isomers at position 9 leads to differential potencies and prolonged biological activities.
AID274309	Displacement of [125I]NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 16, Issue:20	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new class of small molecule peptide mimetics targeting the melanocortin receptors.
AID1169943	Activity at mouse MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as cAMP accumulation by CRE/beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 57, Issue:22	1,4-disubstituted-[1,2,3]triazolyl-containing analogues of MT-II: design, synthesis, conformational analysis, and biological activity.
AID1202969	Activity at human MC3 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as cAMP accumulation by luminescence counter	2015	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-12, Volume: 6, Issue:2	Azepinone-Containing Tetrapeptide Analogues of Melanotropin Lead to Selective hMC4R Agonists and hMC5R Antagonist.
AID109594	Agonistic activity against human melanocortin receptor (hMC3R) for cAMP accumulation	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-07, Volume: 13, Issue:7	Structure-activity relationship of cyclic peptide penta-c[Asp-His(6)-DPhe(7)-Arg(8)-Trp(9)-Lys]-NH(2) at the human melanocortin-1 and -4 receptors: His(6) substitution.
AID71942	Decrease in frog skin reflectivity (metabotropic activity).	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 40, Issue:17	beta-Methylation of the Phe7 and Trp9 melanotropin side chain pharmacophores affects ligand-receptor interactions and prolonged biological activity.
AID1369750	Agonist activity at human MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of intracellular cAMP accumulation after 3 mins	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-10, Volume: 61, Issue:9	Development of Macrocyclic Peptidomimetics Containing Constrained α,α-Dialkylated Amino Acids with Potent and Selective Activity at Human Melanocortin Receptors.
AID1902927	Agonist activity at human MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as maximal intracellular cAMP accumulation by fluorescence based analysis	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-10, Volume: 65, Issue:5	CLIPSing Melanotan-II to Discover Multiple Functionally Selective hMCR Agonists.
AID1480172	Agonist activity at human MC1R expressed in low doxycyclin-treated HEK293 cell membranes assessed as increase in cAMP production after 45 mins by HTRF method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-26, Volume: 61, Issue:8	Development of Novel Melanocortin Receptor Agonists Based on the Cyclic Peptide Framework of Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor-1.
AID1743775	Agonist activity at human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells expressing the GScAMP22F cAMP reporter assessed as effect on cAMP accumulation by cAMP split-luciferase reporter gene assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-14, Volume: 64, Issue:1	Structure-Based Design of Melanocortin 4 Receptor Ligands Based on the SHU-9119-hMC4R Cocrystal Structure†.
AID1743780	Displacement of [125I]-[NIe,DPhe7]-alpha-MSH from human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cell membranes incubated for 120 mins	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-14, Volume: 64, Issue:1	Structure-Based Design of Melanocortin 4 Receptor Ligands Based on the SHU-9119-hMC4R Cocrystal Structure†.
AID1902916	Agonist activity at human MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as maximal intracellular cAMP accumulation by fluorescence based analysis	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-10, Volume: 65, Issue:5	CLIPSing Melanotan-II to Discover Multiple Functionally Selective hMCR Agonists.
AID1476419	Agonist activity at EYFP-fused human MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells after 16 to 20 hrs by CRE-driven reporter assay relative to alpha-MSH	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-09, Volume: 60, Issue:21	Click-Chemistry-Mediated Synthesis of Selective Melanocortin Receptor 4 Agonists.
AID1480164	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC3R LBD expressed in HEK293 cell membranes incubated for 16 to 23 hrs in dark by scintillation proximity assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-26, Volume: 61, Issue:8	Development of Novel Melanocortin Receptor Agonists Based on the Cyclic Peptide Framework of Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor-1.
AID9405	Biological activity using the lizard skin (Anolis carolinensis) assay. The value indicates prolonged biological activity	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-25, Volume: 46, Issue:20	Peptide science: exploring the use of chemical principles and interdisciplinary collaboration for understanding life processes.
AID1424721	Displacement of [125I]-[Nle4,d-Phe7]-alpha-MSH from human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells at 10 uM after 40 mins by gamma counting analysis relative to control	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-10, Volume: 151	Replacement of Arg with Nle and modified D-Phe in the core sequence of MSHs, Ac-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH
AID108967	Effective concentration for intracellular cAMP accumulation in L-cells expressing Melanocortin 4 receptor	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Biological and conformational examination of stereochemical modifications using the template melanotropin peptide, Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys]-NH2, on human melanocortin receptors.
AID272326	Activity at hMC4R transfected in HEK293 cells assessed as intracellular cAMP accumulation relative to MT2	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-16, Volume: 49, Issue:23	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new cyclic melanotropin peptide analogues selective for the human melanocortin-4 receptor.
AID1812563	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC5R expressed in HEK2936E cell membrane measured after 16-23 hrs by 1450 microbeta trilux scintillation proximity assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-22, Volume: 64, Issue:14	Melanocortin 1 Receptor Agonists Based on a Bivalent, Bicyclic Peptide Framework.
AID1852344	Selectivity ratio of EC50 for human MC4R to EC50 for human MC1R	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-13, Volume: 65, Issue:19	Late-Stage Functionalization with Cysteine Staples Generates Potent and Selective Melanocortin Receptor-1 Agonists.
AID108482	Agonistic activity against human melanocortin receptor (hMC1R) for cAMP accumulation	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-07, Volume: 13, Issue:7	Structure-activity relationship of cyclic peptide penta-c[Asp-His(6)-DPhe(7)-Arg(8)-Trp(9)-Lys]-NH(2) at the human melanocortin-1 and -4 receptors: His(6) substitution.
AID1424722	Agonist activity at human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells after 3 mins by cAMP assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-10, Volume: 151	Replacement of Arg with Nle and modified D-Phe in the core sequence of MSHs, Ac-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH
AID107044	Activity in mouse melanocortin-5 receptor stably expressed in HEK293 cells	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-19, Volume: 45, Issue:26	Structure-activity relationships of the melanocortin tetrapeptide Ac-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH2 at the mouse melanocortin receptors. 4. Modifications at the Trp position.
AID108603	Effective concentration against Melanocortin 1 receptor transfected into L-cells was determined by concentration of peptide for 50% maximal cAMP generation	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 38, Issue:23	Topographical modification of melanotropin peptide analogues with beta-methyltryptophan isomers at position 9 leads to differential potencies and prolonged biological activities.
AID274319	Activity at human MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed by measuring intracellular cAMP accumulation	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 16, Issue:20	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new class of small molecule peptide mimetics targeting the melanocortin receptors.
AID240041	Effective concentration for mouse Melanocortin-4 receptor	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-21, Volume: 48, Issue:8	Structure-activity relationships of the unique and potent agouti-related protein (AGRP)-melanocortin chimeric Tyr-c[beta-Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Asn-Ala-Phe-Dpr]-Tyr-NH2 peptide template.
AID108627	Relative potency of compound for EC50 against Melanocortin 1 receptor transfected into L-cells was determined with respect to EC50 of MTII	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 38, Issue:23	Topographical modification of melanotropin peptide analogues with beta-methyltryptophan isomers at position 9 leads to differential potencies and prolonged biological activities.
AID1743779	Displacement of [125I]-[NIe,DPhe7]-alpha-MSH from human MC3R expressed in HEK293 cell membranes incubated for 120 mins	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-14, Volume: 64, Issue:1	Structure-Based Design of Melanocortin 4 Receptor Ligands Based on the SHU-9119-hMC4R Cocrystal Structure†.
AID312480	Agonist activity at human MC5 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as intracellular cAMP accumulation at 10 uM relative to MT2	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Structure-activity relationships of cyclic lactam analogues of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) targeting the human melanocortin-3 receptor.
AID375547	Agonist activity at human MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as stimulation of intracellular cAMP level	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-25, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Substitution of arginine with proline and proline derivatives in melanocyte-stimulating hormones leads to selectivity for human melanocortin 4 receptor.
AID1480166	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC5R LBD expressed in HEK293 cell membranes incubated for 16 to 23 hrs in dark by scintillation proximity assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-26, Volume: 61, Issue:8	Development of Novel Melanocortin Receptor Agonists Based on the Cyclic Peptide Framework of Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor-1.
AID272319	Activity at hMC5R transfected in HEK293 cells assessed as intracellular cAMP accumulation	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-16, Volume: 49, Issue:23	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new cyclic melanotropin peptide analogues selective for the human melanocortin-4 receptor.
AID1202976	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC5 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells at 10 uM by gamma counting analysis	2015	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-12, Volume: 6, Issue:2	Azepinone-Containing Tetrapeptide Analogues of Melanotropin Lead to Selective hMC4R Agonists and hMC5R Antagonist.
AID109617	Agonist activity to the mouse Melanocortin-3 receptor (mMC3R)	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 45, Issue:14	Structure-activity relationships of the melanocortin tetrapeptide Ac-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH(2) at the mouse melanocortin receptors: part 2 modifications at the Phe position.
AID1369757	Agonist activity at human MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of intracellular cAMP accumulation after 3 mins	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-10, Volume: 61, Issue:9	Development of Macrocyclic Peptidomimetics Containing Constrained α,α-Dialkylated Amino Acids with Potent and Selective Activity at Human Melanocortin Receptors.
AID1202974	Agonist activity at human MC4 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as cAMP accumulation at 10 uM by luminescence counter relative to MT-II	2015	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-12, Volume: 6, Issue:2	Azepinone-Containing Tetrapeptide Analogues of Melanotropin Lead to Selective hMC4R Agonists and hMC5R Antagonist.
AID1852334	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC1R expressed in HEK2936E cell membrane measured after 16 to 23 hrs by 1450 microbeta trilux scintillation proximity assay	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-13, Volume: 65, Issue:19	Late-Stage Functionalization with Cysteine Staples Generates Potent and Selective Melanocortin Receptor-1 Agonists.
AID15831	Dissociation rate calculated from the first-order equation using the t1/2 value	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 38, Issue:23	Topographical modification of melanotropin peptide analogues with beta-methyltryptophan isomers at position 9 leads to differential potencies and prolonged biological activities.
AID1202909	Antagonist activity at mouse melanocortin-3 receptor transfected in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of MTII-induced response after 6 hrs by Schild analysis	2015	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-12, Volume: 6, Issue:2	Melanocortin antagonist tetrapeptides with minimal agonist activity at the mouse melanocortin-3 receptor.
AID107046	Agonist activity towards mouse Melanocortin-5 receptor (mMC5R)	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 45, Issue:14	Structure-activity relationships of the melanocortin tetrapeptide Ac-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH(2) at the mouse melanocortin receptors: part 2 modifications at the Phe position.
AID1743778	Selectivity index, ratio of EC50 for agonist activity at human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells to IC50 for agonist activity at human MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-14, Volume: 64, Issue:1	Structure-Based Design of Melanocortin 4 Receptor Ligands Based on the SHU-9119-hMC4R Cocrystal Structure†.
AID274321	Activity at human MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as activation of adenylate cyclase	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 16, Issue:20	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new class of small molecule peptide mimetics targeting the melanocortin receptors.
AID1852343	Selectivity ratio of EC50 for human MC3R to EC50 for human MC1R	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-13, Volume: 65, Issue:19	Late-Stage Functionalization with Cysteine Staples Generates Potent and Selective Melanocortin Receptor-1 Agonists.
AID1202964	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells at 10 uM by gamma counting analysis	2015	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-12, Volume: 6, Issue:2	Azepinone-Containing Tetrapeptide Analogues of Melanotropin Lead to Selective hMC4R Agonists and hMC5R Antagonist.
AID1743774	Agonist activity at human MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells expressing the GScAMP22F cAMP reporter assessed as effect on cAMP accumulation by cAMP split-luciferase reporter gene assay relative to control	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-14, Volume: 64, Issue:1	Structure-Based Design of Melanocortin 4 Receptor Ligands Based on the SHU-9119-hMC4R Cocrystal Structure†.
AID23339	Relative rate determined by setting MTII equal to 1 and dividing the apparent k-1 by the MTII value	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 38, Issue:23	Topographical modification of melanotropin peptide analogues with beta-methyltryptophan isomers at position 9 leads to differential potencies and prolonged biological activities.
AID1169950	Selectivity index, ratio of EC50 for mouse MC3R to EC50 for mouse MC1R	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 57, Issue:22	1,4-disubstituted-[1,2,3]triazolyl-containing analogues of MT-II: design, synthesis, conformational analysis, and biological activity.
AID312476	Agonist activity at human MC3 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as intracellular cAMP accumulation at 10 uM relative to MT2	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Structure-activity relationships of cyclic lactam analogues of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) targeting the human melanocortin-3 receptor.
AID107389	Metabotropic potency against Anolis carolinensis using lizard skin bioassay; effect continued after the removal of the compound	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 32, Issue:12	Potent and prolonged acting cyclic lactam analogues of alpha-melanotropin: design based on molecular dynamics.
AID261686	Activity against hMC5R transfected in HEK293 cells by intracellular cAMP accumulation	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-23, Volume: 49, Issue:6	Development of cyclic gamma-MSH analogues with selective hMC3R agonist and hMC3R/hMC5R antagonist activities.
AID25897	Half-life determined by extrapolation of the slope until 50% of the peptide was bound relative to the specific binding	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 38, Issue:23	Topographical modification of melanotropin peptide analogues with beta-methyltryptophan isomers at position 9 leads to differential potencies and prolonged biological activities.
AID1476420	Agonist activity at EYFP-fused human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in cAMP accumulation after 30 mins by luminescent enzymatic complementation based assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-09, Volume: 60, Issue:21	Click-Chemistry-Mediated Synthesis of Selective Melanocortin Receptor 4 Agonists.
AID108628	Relative potency for inhibition of Melanocortin 1 receptor was determined relative to IC50 of MTII compound	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 38, Issue:23	Topographical modification of melanotropin peptide analogues with beta-methyltryptophan isomers at position 9 leads to differential potencies and prolonged biological activities.
AID109614	Activity in mouse melanocortin-3 receptor (mMC3R) stably expressed in HEK293 cells	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-19, Volume: 45, Issue:26	Structure-activity relationships of the melanocortin tetrapeptide Ac-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH2 at the mouse melanocortin receptors. 4. Modifications at the Trp position.
AID1902921	Displacement of [125I]NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells by competitive binding assay	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-10, Volume: 65, Issue:5	CLIPSing Melanotan-II to Discover Multiple Functionally Selective hMCR Agonists.
AID596854	Agonist activity at human MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular cAMP accumulation	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 21, Issue:10	Cyclic lactam hybrid α-MSH/Agouti-related protein (AGRP) analogues with nanomolar range binding affinities at the human melanocortin receptors.
AID321788	Decrease in rat weight after 4 weeks	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Backbone cyclic peptidomimetic melanocortin-4 receptor agonist as a novel orally administrated drug lead for treating obesity.
AID261681	Inhibitory activity against hMC4R transfected in HEK293 cells	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-23, Volume: 49, Issue:6	Development of cyclic gamma-MSH analogues with selective hMC3R agonist and hMC3R/hMC5R antagonist activities.
AID108612	Binding affinity towards human melanocortin receptor (hMC1R) using NDP-MSH as radioligand	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-07, Volume: 13, Issue:7	Structure-activity relationship of cyclic peptide penta-c[Asp-His(6)-DPhe(7)-Arg(8)-Trp(9)-Lys]-NH(2) at the human melanocortin-1 and -4 receptors: His(6) substitution.
AID1202973	Agonist activity at human MC4 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as cAMP accumulation by luminescence counter	2015	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-12, Volume: 6, Issue:2	Azepinone-Containing Tetrapeptide Analogues of Melanotropin Lead to Selective hMC4R Agonists and hMC5R Antagonist.
AID1852338	Agonist activity at human MC3R expressed in HEK2936E cells assessed as cAMP production in presence of IBMX by time resolved fluorescence assay	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-13, Volume: 65, Issue:19	Late-Stage Functionalization with Cysteine Staples Generates Potent and Selective Melanocortin Receptor-1 Agonists.
AID274322	Activity at human MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as activation of adenylate cyclase	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 16, Issue:20	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new class of small molecule peptide mimetics targeting the melanocortin receptors.
AID109599	Activity in mouse melanocortin-1 receptor stably expressed in HEK293 cells	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-19, Volume: 45, Issue:26	Structure-activity relationships of the melanocortin tetrapeptide Ac-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH2 at the mouse melanocortin receptors. 4. Modifications at the Trp position.
AID312474	Agonist activity at human MC4 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as intracellular cAMP accumulation	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Structure-activity relationships of cyclic lactam analogues of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) targeting the human melanocortin-3 receptor.
AID1424726	Agonist activity at human MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells after 3 mins by cAMP assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-10, Volume: 151	Replacement of Arg with Nle and modified D-Phe in the core sequence of MSHs, Ac-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH
AID1202963	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by gamma counting analysis	2015	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-12, Volume: 6, Issue:2	Azepinone-Containing Tetrapeptide Analogues of Melanotropin Lead to Selective hMC4R Agonists and hMC5R Antagonist.
AID1271085	Agonist activity at human melanocortin 1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as intracellular cAMP accumulation incubated for 3 mins in presence of IBMX	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-24, Volume: 58, Issue:24	Discovery of Novel Potent and Selective Agonists at the Melanocortin-3 Receptor.
AID274310	Displacement of [125I]NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 16, Issue:20	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new class of small molecule peptide mimetics targeting the melanocortin receptors.
AID312469	Displacement of [125I][Nle4,D-Phe7]alpha-MSH from human MC1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Structure-activity relationships of cyclic lactam analogues of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) targeting the human melanocortin-3 receptor.
AID1424720	Displacement of [125I]-[Nle4,d-Phe7]-alpha-MSH from human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells after 40 mins by gamma counting analysis	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-10, Volume: 151	Replacement of Arg with Nle and modified D-Phe in the core sequence of MSHs, Ac-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH
AID1239144	Antagonist activity at human MC1 receptor expressed in A375 cells assessed as inhibition of MT-II-induced intracellular cAMP accumulation using [3H]-cAMP by luminescence counting	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16	Systematic Backbone Conformational Constraints on a Cyclic Melanotropin Ligand Leads to Highly Selective Ligands for Multiple Melanocortin Receptors.
AID274318	Activity at human MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed by measuring intracellular cAMP accumulation	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 16, Issue:20	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new class of small molecule peptide mimetics targeting the melanocortin receptors.
AID1271088	Agonist activity at human melanocortin 5 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as intracellular cAMP accumulation incubated for 3 mins in presence of IBMX	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-24, Volume: 58, Issue:24	Discovery of Novel Potent and Selective Agonists at the Melanocortin-3 Receptor.
AID71945	Relative potency compared to alpha MSH in a frog skin bioassay.	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 40, Issue:17	beta-Methylation of the Phe7 and Trp9 melanotropin side chain pharmacophores affects ligand-receptor interactions and prolonged biological activity.
AID261683	Activity against hMC1R transfected in HEK293 cells by intracellular cAMP accumulation	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-23, Volume: 49, Issue:6	Development of cyclic gamma-MSH analogues with selective hMC3R agonist and hMC3R/hMC5R antagonist activities.
AID274312	Displacement of [125I]NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 16, Issue:20	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new class of small molecule peptide mimetics targeting the melanocortin receptors.
AID282355	Agonist activity at mouse MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells by beta-galactosidase assay	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-30, Volume: 47, Issue:27	Stereochemical studies of the monocyclic agouti-related protein (103-122) Arg-Phe-Phe residues: conversion of a melanocortin-4 receptor antagonist into an agonist and results in the discovery of a potent and selective melanocortin-1 agonist.
AID1476421	Agonist activity at EYFP-fused human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in cAMP accumulation after 30 mins by luminescent enzymatic complementation based assay relative to alpha-MSH	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-09, Volume: 60, Issue:21	Click-Chemistry-Mediated Synthesis of Selective Melanocortin Receptor 4 Agonists.
AID1852336	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC4R expressed in HEK2936E cell membrane measured after 16 to 23 hrs by 1450 microbeta trilux scintillation proximity assay	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-13, Volume: 65, Issue:19	Late-Stage Functionalization with Cysteine Staples Generates Potent and Selective Melanocortin Receptor-1 Agonists.
AID1476411	Agonist activity at EYFP-fused human MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells after 16 to 20 hrs by CRE-driven reporter assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-09, Volume: 60, Issue:21	Click-Chemistry-Mediated Synthesis of Selective Melanocortin Receptor 4 Agonists.
AID282351	Agonist activity at mouse MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells by beta-galactosidase assay	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-30, Volume: 47, Issue:27	Stereochemical studies of the monocyclic agouti-related protein (103-122) Arg-Phe-Phe residues: conversion of a melanocortin-4 receptor antagonist into an agonist and results in the discovery of a potent and selective melanocortin-1 agonist.
AID272322	Displacement of [125I]NDP-alphaMSH from human MC4 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells relative to MT2	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-16, Volume: 49, Issue:23	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new cyclic melanotropin peptide analogues selective for the human melanocortin-4 receptor.
AID1424724	Displacement of [125I]-[Nle4,d-Phe7]-alpha-MSH from human MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells after 40 mins by gamma counting analysis	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-10, Volume: 151	Replacement of Arg with Nle and modified D-Phe in the core sequence of MSHs, Ac-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH
AID312473	Agonist activity at human MC3 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as intracellular cAMP accumulation	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Structure-activity relationships of cyclic lactam analogues of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) targeting the human melanocortin-3 receptor.
AID375552	Agonist activity at human MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as stimulation of intracellular cAMP level relative to Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH2	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-25, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Substitution of arginine with proline and proline derivatives in melanocyte-stimulating hormones leads to selectivity for human melanocortin 4 receptor.
AID1902925	Agonist activity at human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as maximal intracellular cAMP accumulation by fluorescence based analysis	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-10, Volume: 65, Issue:5	CLIPSing Melanotan-II to Discover Multiple Functionally Selective hMCR Agonists.
AID1902919	Displacement of [125I]NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells by competitive binding assay	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-10, Volume: 65, Issue:5	CLIPSing Melanotan-II to Discover Multiple Functionally Selective hMCR Agonists.
AID240040	Effective concentration for mouse Melanocortin-3 receptor	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-21, Volume: 48, Issue:8	Structure-activity relationships of the unique and potent agouti-related protein (AGRP)-melanocortin chimeric Tyr-c[beta-Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Asn-Ala-Phe-Dpr]-Tyr-NH2 peptide template.
AID272323	Displacement of [125I]NDP-alphaMSH from human MC5 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells relative to MT2	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-16, Volume: 49, Issue:23	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new cyclic melanotropin peptide analogues selective for the human melanocortin-4 receptor.
AID1202977	Antagonist activity at human MC5 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as cAMP accumulation by luminescence counter	2015	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-12, Volume: 6, Issue:2	Azepinone-Containing Tetrapeptide Analogues of Melanotropin Lead to Selective hMC4R Agonists and hMC5R Antagonist.
AID375554	Agonist activity at human MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as stimulation of intracellular cAMP level relative to Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH2	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-25, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Substitution of arginine with proline and proline derivatives in melanocyte-stimulating hormones leads to selectivity for human melanocortin 4 receptor.
AID312471	Displacement of [125I][Nle4,D-Phe7]alpha-MSH from human MC4 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Structure-activity relationships of cyclic lactam analogues of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) targeting the human melanocortin-3 receptor.
AID1202968	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC3 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells at 10 uM by gamma counting analysis	2015	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-12, Volume: 6, Issue:2	Azepinone-Containing Tetrapeptide Analogues of Melanotropin Lead to Selective hMC4R Agonists and hMC5R Antagonist.
AID1271081	Displacement of 125I-labeled [Nle4,DPhe7]-alpha-MSH from human melanocortin 1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells incubated for 40 mins by gamma counting analysis	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-24, Volume: 58, Issue:24	Discovery of Novel Potent and Selective Agonists at the Melanocortin-3 Receptor.
AID1902922	Agonist activity at human MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as maximal intracellular cAMP accumulation at 10 uM by fluorescence based analysis relative to control	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-10, Volume: 65, Issue:5	CLIPSing Melanotan-II to Discover Multiple Functionally Selective hMCR Agonists.
AID261684	Activity against hMC3R transfected in HEK293 cells by intracellular cAMP accumulation	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-23, Volume: 49, Issue:6	Development of cyclic gamma-MSH analogues with selective hMC3R agonist and hMC3R/hMC5R antagonist activities.
AID1202905	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin-5 receptor transfected in HEK293 cells after 6 hrs by beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2015	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-12, Volume: 6, Issue:2	Melanocortin antagonist tetrapeptides with minimal agonist activity at the mouse melanocortin-3 receptor.
AID1424712	Displacement of [125I]-[Nle4,d-Phe7]-alpha-MSH from human MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells at 10 uM after 40 mins by gamma counting analysis relative to control	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-10, Volume: 151	Replacement of Arg with Nle and modified D-Phe in the core sequence of MSHs, Ac-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH
AID1743776	Agonist activity at human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells expressing the GScAMP22F cAMP reporter assessed as effect on cAMP accumulation by cAMP split-luciferase reporter gene assay relative to control	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-14, Volume: 64, Issue:1	Structure-Based Design of Melanocortin 4 Receptor Ligands Based on the SHU-9119-hMC4R Cocrystal Structure†.
AID1812567	Agonist activity at human melanocortin receptor 4 expressed in human T-REx-293 cells using high doxycycline assessed as stimulation of intracellular cAMP accumulation incubated for 45 mins by LANCE cAMP assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-22, Volume: 64, Issue:14	Melanocortin 1 Receptor Agonists Based on a Bivalent, Bicyclic Peptide Framework.
AID597027	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells after 40 mins by Wallac 1470 gamma counting	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 21, Issue:10	Cyclic lactam hybrid α-MSH/Agouti-related protein (AGRP) analogues with nanomolar range binding affinities at the human melanocortin receptors.
AID272327	Activity at hMC5R transfected in HEK293 cells assessed as intracellular cAMP accumulation relative to MT2	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-16, Volume: 49, Issue:23	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new cyclic melanotropin peptide analogues selective for the human melanocortin-4 receptor.
AID1202965	Activity at human MC1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as cAMP accumulation by luminescence counter	2015	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-12, Volume: 6, Issue:2	Azepinone-Containing Tetrapeptide Analogues of Melanotropin Lead to Selective hMC4R Agonists and hMC5R Antagonist.
AID1480163	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC1R LBD expressed in HEK293 cell membranes incubated for 16 to 23 hrs in dark by scintillation proximity assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-26, Volume: 61, Issue:8	Development of Novel Melanocortin Receptor Agonists Based on the Cyclic Peptide Framework of Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor-1.
AID1369752	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells after 40 mins by gamma counting method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-10, Volume: 61, Issue:9	Development of Macrocyclic Peptidomimetics Containing Constrained α,α-Dialkylated Amino Acids with Potent and Selective Activity at Human Melanocortin Receptors.
AID108794	Inhibitory concentration against human Melanocortin 3 receptor (hMC3R)	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Biological and conformational examination of stereochemical modifications using the template melanotropin peptide, Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys]-NH2, on human melanocortin receptors.
AID1202972	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC4 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells at 10 uM by gamma counting analysis	2015	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-12, Volume: 6, Issue:2	Azepinone-Containing Tetrapeptide Analogues of Melanotropin Lead to Selective hMC4R Agonists and hMC5R Antagonist.
AID282353	Agonist activity at mouse MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells by beta-galactosidase assay	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-30, Volume: 47, Issue:27	Stereochemical studies of the monocyclic agouti-related protein (103-122) Arg-Phe-Phe residues: conversion of a melanocortin-4 receptor antagonist into an agonist and results in the discovery of a potent and selective melanocortin-1 agonist.
AID108479	Relative potency against Melanocortin 1 receptor of frog skin with respect to MTII as standard	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 38, Issue:23	Topographical modification of melanotropin peptide analogues with beta-methyltryptophan isomers at position 9 leads to differential potencies and prolonged biological activities.
AID312475	Agonist activity at human MC1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as intracellular cAMP accumulation at 10 uM relative to MT2	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Structure-activity relationships of cyclic lactam analogues of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) targeting the human melanocortin-3 receptor.
AID163323	Biological activity using the frog skin (Rana pipiens) assay. The value indicates prolonged biological activity	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-25, Volume: 46, Issue:20	Peptide science: exploring the use of chemical principles and interdisciplinary collaboration for understanding life processes.
AID1424725	Displacement of [125I]-[Nle4,d-Phe7]-alpha-MSH from human MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells at 10 uM after 40 mins by gamma counting analysis relative to control	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-10, Volume: 151	Replacement of Arg with Nle and modified D-Phe in the core sequence of MSHs, Ac-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH
AID375545	Displacement of [125I][Nle4,Dphe7]-alpha-MSH from human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-25, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Substitution of arginine with proline and proline derivatives in melanocyte-stimulating hormones leads to selectivity for human melanocortin 4 receptor.
AID109298	Effective concentration that was able to generate 50% maximal intracellular cAMP in L-cells transfected with Melanocortin 5 receptor	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Biological and conformational examination of stereochemical modifications using the template melanotropin peptide, Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys]-NH2, on human melanocortin receptors.
AID1480174	Agonist activity at human MC4R expressed in low doxycyclin-treated HEK293 cell membranes assessed as increase in cAMP production after 45 mins by HTRF method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-26, Volume: 61, Issue:8	Development of Novel Melanocortin Receptor Agonists Based on the Cyclic Peptide Framework of Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor-1.
AID597021	Agonist activity at human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as intracellular cAMP accumulation	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 21, Issue:10	Cyclic lactam hybrid α-MSH/Agouti-related protein (AGRP) analogues with nanomolar range binding affinities at the human melanocortin receptors.
AID107035	Agonist activity to the mouse Melanocortin-4 receptor (mMC4R)	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 45, Issue:14	Structure-activity relationships of the melanocortin tetrapeptide Ac-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH(2) at the mouse melanocortin receptors: part 2 modifications at the Phe position.
AID109118	Binding affinity towards human melanocortin receptor (hMC4R) using NDP-MSH as radioligand	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-07, Volume: 13, Issue:7	Structure-activity relationship of cyclic peptide penta-c[Asp-His(6)-DPhe(7)-Arg(8)-Trp(9)-Lys]-NH(2) at the human melanocortin-1 and -4 receptors: His(6) substitution.
AID108619	The concentration that inhibits 50% specific binding was determined against the Melanocortin 1 receptor	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 38, Issue:23	Topographical modification of melanotropin peptide analogues with beta-methyltryptophan isomers at position 9 leads to differential potencies and prolonged biological activities.
AID1239145	Displacement of [125I]-[Nle4,D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH from human MC1 receptor expressed in A375 cells at 10 uM after 40 mins by luminescence counting relative to control	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16	Systematic Backbone Conformational Constraints on a Cyclic Melanotropin Ligand Leads to Highly Selective Ligands for Multiple Melanocortin Receptors.
AID1743781	Selectivity index, ratio of Ki for human MC3R expressed in HEK293 cell membranes to Ki for human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cell membranes	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-14, Volume: 64, Issue:1	Structure-Based Design of Melanocortin 4 Receptor Ligands Based on the SHU-9119-hMC4R Cocrystal Structure†.
AID272312	Displacement of [125I]NDP-alphaMSH from human MC1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-16, Volume: 49, Issue:23	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new cyclic melanotropin peptide analogues selective for the human melanocortin-4 receptor.
AID240042	Effective concentration for mouse Melanocortin-5 receptor	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-21, Volume: 48, Issue:8	Structure-activity relationships of the unique and potent agouti-related protein (AGRP)-melanocortin chimeric Tyr-c[beta-Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Asn-Ala-Phe-Dpr]-Tyr-NH2 peptide template.
AID1902920	Displacement of [125I]NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells by competitive binding assay	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-10, Volume: 65, Issue:5	CLIPSing Melanotan-II to Discover Multiple Functionally Selective hMCR Agonists.
AID1202966	Activity at human MC1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as cAMP accumulation at 10 uM by luminescence counter relative to MT-II	2015	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-12, Volume: 6, Issue:2	Azepinone-Containing Tetrapeptide Analogues of Melanotropin Lead to Selective hMC4R Agonists and hMC5R Antagonist.
AID375551	Agonist activity at human MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as stimulation of intracellular cAMP level relative to Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH2	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-25, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Substitution of arginine with proline and proline derivatives in melanocyte-stimulating hormones leads to selectivity for human melanocortin 4 receptor.
AID1476417	Agonist activity at EYFP-fused human MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells after 16 to 20 hrs by CRE-driven reporter assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-09, Volume: 60, Issue:21	Click-Chemistry-Mediated Synthesis of Selective Melanocortin Receptor 4 Agonists.
AID1202913	Antagonist activity at mouse melanocortin-4 receptor transfected in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of MTII-induced response after 6 hrs by Schild analysis	2015	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-12, Volume: 6, Issue:2	Melanocortin antagonist tetrapeptides with minimal agonist activity at the mouse melanocortin-3 receptor.
AID1852337	Agonist activity at human MC1R expressed in HEK2936E cells assessed as cAMP production in presence of IBMX by time resolved fluorescence assay	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-13, Volume: 65, Issue:19	Late-Stage Functionalization with Cysteine Staples Generates Potent and Selective Melanocortin Receptor-1 Agonists.
AID108474	Effective concentration for the effect of Melanocortin 1 receptor in the frog skin.	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-10, Volume: 38, Issue:23	Topographical modification of melanotropin peptide analogues with beta-methyltryptophan isomers at position 9 leads to differential potencies and prolonged biological activities.
AID272318	Activity at hMC4R transfected in HEK293 cells assessed as intracellular cAMP accumulation	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-16, Volume: 49, Issue:23	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new cyclic melanotropin peptide analogues selective for the human melanocortin-4 receptor.
AID261682	Inhibitory activity against hMC5R transfected in HEK293 cells	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-23, Volume: 49, Issue:6	Development of cyclic gamma-MSH analogues with selective hMC3R agonist and hMC3R/hMC5R antagonist activities.
AID274320	Activity at human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed by measuring intracellular cAMP accumulation	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 16, Issue:20	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new class of small molecule peptide mimetics targeting the melanocortin receptors.
AID274323	Activity at human MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as activation of adenylate cyclase	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 16, Issue:20	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new class of small molecule peptide mimetics targeting the melanocortin receptors.
AID1202971	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC4 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by gamma counting analysis	2015	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-12, Volume: 6, Issue:2	Azepinone-Containing Tetrapeptide Analogues of Melanotropin Lead to Selective hMC4R Agonists and hMC5R Antagonist.
AID1239146	Agonist activity at human MC1 receptor expressed in A375 cells assessed as intracellular cAMP accumulation using [3H]-cAMP by luminescence counting	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 58, Issue:16	Systematic Backbone Conformational Constraints on a Cyclic Melanotropin Ligand Leads to Highly Selective Ligands for Multiple Melanocortin Receptors.
AID1480175	Agonist activity at human MC4R expressed in high doxycyclin-treated HEK293 cell membranes assessed as increase in cAMP production after 15 mins by HTRF method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-26, Volume: 61, Issue:8	Development of Novel Melanocortin Receptor Agonists Based on the Cyclic Peptide Framework of Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor-1.
AID272316	Activity at hMC1R transfected in HEK293 cells assessed as intracellular cAMP accumulation	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-16, Volume: 49, Issue:23	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new cyclic melanotropin peptide analogues selective for the human melanocortin-4 receptor.
AID597030	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells after 40 mins by Wallac 1470 gamma counting	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 21, Issue:10	Cyclic lactam hybrid α-MSH/Agouti-related protein (AGRP) analogues with nanomolar range binding affinities at the human melanocortin receptors.
AID1169947	Selectivity index, ratio of EC50 for mouse MC3R to EC50 for mouse MC4R	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 57, Issue:22	1,4-disubstituted-[1,2,3]triazolyl-containing analogues of MT-II: design, synthesis, conformational analysis, and biological activity.
AID108604	Effective concentration for intracellular cAMP accumulation in L-cells expressing Melanocortin 1 receptor	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Biological and conformational examination of stereochemical modifications using the template melanotropin peptide, Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys]-NH2, on human melanocortin receptors.
AID1369749	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells after 40 mins by gamma counting method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-10, Volume: 61, Issue:9	Development of Macrocyclic Peptidomimetics Containing Constrained α,α-Dialkylated Amino Acids with Potent and Selective Activity at Human Melanocortin Receptors.
AID1812557	Agonist activity at human melanocortin receptor 1 expressed in human T-Rex-293 cells assessed as stimulation of intracellular cAMP accumulation incubated for 45 mins by LANCE cAMP assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-22, Volume: 64, Issue:14	Melanocortin 1 Receptor Agonists Based on a Bivalent, Bicyclic Peptide Framework.
AID108778	Effective concentration that was able to generate 50% maximal intracellular cAMP in L-cells transfected with Melanocortin 3 receptor	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Biological and conformational examination of stereochemical modifications using the template melanotropin peptide, Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys]-NH2, on human melanocortin receptors.
AID1852335	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC3R expressed in HEK2936E cell membrane measured after 16 to 23 hrs by 1450 microbeta trilux scintillation proximity assay	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-13, Volume: 65, Issue:19	Late-Stage Functionalization with Cysteine Staples Generates Potent and Selective Melanocortin Receptor-1 Agonists.
AID272325	Activity at hMC3R transfected in HEK293 cells assessed as intracellular cAMP accumulation relative to MT2	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-16, Volume: 49, Issue:23	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new cyclic melanotropin peptide analogues selective for the human melanocortin-4 receptor.
AID1169946	Selectivity index, ratio of EC50 for mouse MC1R to EC50 for mouse MC4R	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 57, Issue:22	1,4-disubstituted-[1,2,3]triazolyl-containing analogues of MT-II: design, synthesis, conformational analysis, and biological activity.
AID1369753	Agonist activity at human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of intracellular cAMP accumulation after 3 mins	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-10, Volume: 61, Issue:9	Development of Macrocyclic Peptidomimetics Containing Constrained α,α-Dialkylated Amino Acids with Potent and Selective Activity at Human Melanocortin Receptors.
AID1271086	Agonist activity at human melanocortin 3 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as intracellular cAMP accumulation incubated for 3 mins in presence of IBMX	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-24, Volume: 58, Issue:24	Discovery of Novel Potent and Selective Agonists at the Melanocortin-3 Receptor.
AID1202970	Activity at human MC3 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as cAMP accumulation at 10 uM by luminescence counter relative to MT-II	2015	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-12, Volume: 6, Issue:2	Azepinone-Containing Tetrapeptide Analogues of Melanotropin Lead to Selective hMC4R Agonists and hMC5R Antagonist.
AID274311	Displacement of [125I]NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 16, Issue:20	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new class of small molecule peptide mimetics targeting the melanocortin receptors.
AID1852342	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human MC4R to Ki for human MC1R	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-13, Volume: 65, Issue:19	Late-Stage Functionalization with Cysteine Staples Generates Potent and Selective Melanocortin Receptor-1 Agonists.
AID71797	Activity expressed as EC50 was measured in frog.	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-12, Volume: 38, Issue:10	Design, synthesis, biology, and conformations of bicyclic alpha-melanotropin analogues.
AID1743777	Selectivity index, ratio of EC50 for agonist activity at human MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells to IC50 for agonist activity at human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-14, Volume: 64, Issue:1	Structure-Based Design of Melanocortin 4 Receptor Ligands Based on the SHU-9119-hMC4R Cocrystal Structure†.
AID375553	Agonist activity at human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as stimulation of intracellular cAMP level relative to Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH2	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-25, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Substitution of arginine with proline and proline derivatives in melanocyte-stimulating hormones leads to selectivity for human melanocortin 4 receptor.
AID1852339	Antagonist activity at human MC4R expressed in HEK2936E cells assessed as cAMP production in presence of IBMX by time resolved fluorescence assay	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-13, Volume: 65, Issue:19	Late-Stage Functionalization with Cysteine Staples Generates Potent and Selective Melanocortin Receptor-1 Agonists.
AID597020	Agonist activity at human MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as intracellular cAMP accumulation	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 21, Issue:10	Cyclic lactam hybrid α-MSH/Agouti-related protein (AGRP) analogues with nanomolar range binding affinities at the human melanocortin receptors.
AID375544	Displacement of [125I][Nle4,Dphe7]-alpha-MSH from human MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-25, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Substitution of arginine with proline and proline derivatives in melanocyte-stimulating hormones leads to selectivity for human melanocortin 4 receptor.
AID312472	Agonist activity at human MC1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as intracellular cAMP accumulation	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Structure-activity relationships of cyclic lactam analogues of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) targeting the human melanocortin-3 receptor.
AID1812560	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC1R expressed in HEK2936E cell membrane measured after 16-23 hrs by 1450 microbeta trilux scintillation proximity assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-22, Volume: 64, Issue:14	Melanocortin 1 Receptor Agonists Based on a Bivalent, Bicyclic Peptide Framework.
AID597029	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells after 40 mins by Wallac 1470 gamma counting	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 21, Issue:10	Cyclic lactam hybrid α-MSH/Agouti-related protein (AGRP) analogues with nanomolar range binding affinities at the human melanocortin receptors.
AID375548	Agonist activity at human MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as stimulation of intracellular cAMP level	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-25, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Substitution of arginine with proline and proline derivatives in melanocyte-stimulating hormones leads to selectivity for human melanocortin 4 receptor.
AID109597	Agonistic activity against human melanocortin receptor (hMC5R) for cAMP accumulation	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-07, Volume: 13, Issue:7	Structure-activity relationship of cyclic peptide penta-c[Asp-His(6)-DPhe(7)-Arg(8)-Trp(9)-Lys]-NH(2) at the human melanocortin-1 and -4 receptors: His(6) substitution.
AID1202978	Antagonist activity at human MC5 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as cAMP accumulation at 10 uM by luminescence counter relative to MT-II	2015	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-12, Volume: 6, Issue:2	Azepinone-Containing Tetrapeptide Analogues of Melanotropin Lead to Selective hMC4R Agonists and hMC5R Antagonist.
AID272324	Activity at hMC1R transfected in HEK293 cells assessed as intracellular cAMP accumulation relative to MT2	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-16, Volume: 49, Issue:23	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new cyclic melanotropin peptide analogues selective for the human melanocortin-4 receptor.
AID1476416	Agonist activity at EYFP-fused human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells after 16 to 20 hrs by CRE-driven reporter assay relative to alpha-MSH	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-09, Volume: 60, Issue:21	Click-Chemistry-Mediated Synthesis of Selective Melanocortin Receptor 4 Agonists.
AID71815	Potency measured in frog where (+) indicates peptide is long acting.	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-12, Volume: 38, Issue:10	Design, synthesis, biology, and conformations of bicyclic alpha-melanotropin analogues.
AID1169944	Activity at mouse MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as cAMP accumulation by CRE/beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 57, Issue:22	1,4-disubstituted-[1,2,3]triazolyl-containing analogues of MT-II: design, synthesis, conformational analysis, and biological activity.
AID1476414	Agonist activity at EYFP-fused human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells after 16 to 20 hrs by CRE-driven reporter assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-09, Volume: 60, Issue:21	Click-Chemistry-Mediated Synthesis of Selective Melanocortin Receptor 4 Agonists.
AID375543	Displacement of [125I][Nle4,Dphe7]-alpha-MSH from human MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-25, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Substitution of arginine with proline and proline derivatives in melanocyte-stimulating hormones leads to selectivity for human melanocortin 4 receptor.
AID1424714	Agonist activity at human MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells after 3 mins by cAMP assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-10, Volume: 151	Replacement of Arg with Nle and modified D-Phe in the core sequence of MSHs, Ac-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH
AID312477	Agonist activity at human MC4 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as intracellular cAMP accumulation at 10 uM relative to MT2	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Structure-activity relationships of cyclic lactam analogues of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) targeting the human melanocortin-3 receptor.
AID1902917	Agonist activity at human MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as maximal intracellular cAMP accumulation at 10 uM by fluorescence based analysis relative to control	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-10, Volume: 65, Issue:5	CLIPSing Melanotan-II to Discover Multiple Functionally Selective hMCR Agonists.
AID109429	Inhibitory concentration against human Melanocortin 5 receptor (hMC5R)	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Biological and conformational examination of stereochemical modifications using the template melanotropin peptide, Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys]-NH2, on human melanocortin receptors.
AID1852340	Agonist activity at human MC5R expressed in HEK2936E cells assessed as cAMP production in presence of IBMX by time resolved fluorescence assay	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-13, Volume: 65, Issue:19	Late-Stage Functionalization with Cysteine Staples Generates Potent and Selective Melanocortin Receptor-1 Agonists.
AID312470	Displacement of [125I][Nle4,D-Phe7]alpha-MSH from human MC3 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Structure-activity relationships of cyclic lactam analogues of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) targeting the human melanocortin-3 receptor.
AID274324	Activity at human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as activation of adenylate cyclase	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 16, Issue:20	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new class of small molecule peptide mimetics targeting the melanocortin receptors.
AID272315	Displacement of [125I]NDP-alphaMSH from human MC5 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-16, Volume: 49, Issue:23	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new cyclic melanotropin peptide analogues selective for the human melanocortin-4 receptor.
AID1902926	Agonist activity at human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as maximal intracellular cAMP accumulation at 10 uM by fluorescence based analysis relative to control	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-10, Volume: 65, Issue:5	CLIPSing Melanotan-II to Discover Multiple Functionally Selective hMCR Agonists.
AID272321	Displacement of [125I]NDP-alphaMSH from human MC3 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells relative to MT2	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-16, Volume: 49, Issue:23	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new cyclic melanotropin peptide analogues selective for the human melanocortin-4 receptor.
AID261680	Inhibitory activity against hMC3R transfected in HEK293 cells	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-23, Volume: 49, Issue:6	Development of cyclic gamma-MSH analogues with selective hMC3R agonist and hMC3R/hMC5R antagonist activities.
AID312479	Agonist activity at human MC5 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as intracellular cAMP accumulation	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 51, Issue:2	Structure-activity relationships of cyclic lactam analogues of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) targeting the human melanocortin-3 receptor.
AID1480165	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC4R LBD expressed in HEK293 cell membranes incubated for 16 to 23 hrs in dark by scintillation proximity assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-26, Volume: 61, Issue:8	Development of Novel Melanocortin Receptor Agonists Based on the Cyclic Peptide Framework of Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor-1.
AID1369755	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-alpha-MSH from human MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells after 40 mins by gamma counting method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-10, Volume: 61, Issue:9	Development of Macrocyclic Peptidomimetics Containing Constrained α,α-Dialkylated Amino Acids with Potent and Selective Activity at Human Melanocortin Receptors.
AID107033	Activity in mouse melanocortin-4 receptor stably expressed in HEK293 cells	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-19, Volume: 45, Issue:26	Structure-activity relationships of the melanocortin tetrapeptide Ac-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH2 at the mouse melanocortin receptors. 4. Modifications at the Trp position.
AID375550	Agonist activity at human MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as stimulation of intracellular cAMP level	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-25, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Substitution of arginine with proline and proline derivatives in melanocyte-stimulating hormones leads to selectivity for human melanocortin 4 receptor.
AID1202904	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin-1 receptor transfected in HEK293 cells after 6 hrs by beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2015	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-12, Volume: 6, Issue:2	Melanocortin antagonist tetrapeptides with minimal agonist activity at the mouse melanocortin-3 receptor.
AID272320	Displacement of [125I]NDP-alphaMSH from human MC1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells relative to MT2	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-16, Volume: 49, Issue:23	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new cyclic melanotropin peptide analogues selective for the human melanocortin-4 receptor.
AID1812558	Agonist activity at human melanocortin receptor 3 expressed in human T-REx-293 cells assessed as stimulation of intracellular cAMP accumulation incubated for 45 mins by LANCE cAMP assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-22, Volume: 64, Issue:14	Melanocortin 1 Receptor Agonists Based on a Bivalent, Bicyclic Peptide Framework.
AID1852341	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human MC3R to Ki for human MC1R	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-13, Volume: 65, Issue:19	Late-Stage Functionalization with Cysteine Staples Generates Potent and Selective Melanocortin Receptor-1 Agonists.
AID109602	Agonist activity to the mouse Melanocortin-1 receptor (mMC1R)	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 45, Issue:14	Structure-activity relationships of the melanocortin tetrapeptide Ac-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH(2) at the mouse melanocortin receptors: part 2 modifications at the Phe position.
AID1346171	Human MC4 receptor (Melanocortin receptors)	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 32, Issue:1	Design of potent linear alpha-melanotropin 4-10 analogues modified in positions 5 and 10.
AID1346231	Human MC1 receptor (Melanocortin receptors)	2002	European journal of pharmacology, Apr-12, Volume: 440, Issue:2-3	The role of melanocortins in body weight regulation: opportunities for the treatment of obesity.
AID1346180	Human MC5 receptor (Melanocortin receptors)	2002	European journal of pharmacology, Apr-12, Volume: 440, Issue:2-3	The role of melanocortins in body weight regulation: opportunities for the treatment of obesity.
AID1346171	Human MC4 receptor (Melanocortin receptors)	1999	European journal of pharmacology, Aug-13, Volume: 378, Issue:3	Characterization of melanocortin receptor ligands on cloned brain melanocortin receptors and on grooming behavior in the rat.
AID1346178	Human MC3 receptor (Melanocortin receptors)	1999	European journal of pharmacology, Aug-13, Volume: 378, Issue:3	Characterization of melanocortin receptor ligands on cloned brain melanocortin receptors and on grooming behavior in the rat.
AID1346231	Human MC1 receptor (Melanocortin receptors)	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 32, Issue:1	Design of potent linear alpha-melanotropin 4-10 analogues modified in positions 5 and 10.
AID1346171	Human MC4 receptor (Melanocortin receptors)	2000	Biochemistry, Dec-05, Volume: 39, Issue:48	Molecular determinants of ligand binding to the human melanocortin-4 receptor.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	2 (1.04)	18.7374
1990's	14 (7.25)	18.2507
2000's	86 (44.56)	29.6817
2010's	71 (36.79)	24.3611
2020's	20 (10.36)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	4 (2.04%)	5.53%
Reviews	9 (4.59%)	6.00%
Case Studies	17 (8.67%)	4.05%
Observational	1 (0.51%)	0.25%
Other	165 (84.18%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	2.51	2	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
adenine [no description available]	2.08	1	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	2.45	2	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
histamine [no description available]	2.25	1	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	2.04	1	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.	2.04	1	monochlorobenzenes; N-arylpiperazine	drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; serotonergic agonist; xenobiotic
4-aminopyridine [no description available]	2.03	1	aminopyridine; aromatic amine	avicide; orphan drug; potassium channel blocker
am 251 AM 251: an analog of SR141716A; structure given in first source. AM-251 : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-aminopiperidine. An antagonist at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor.	2.1	1	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; organoiodine compound; pyrazoles	antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; CB1 receptor antagonist
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	2.04	1	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
hexamethonium Hexamethonium: A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool.	2.07	1	quaternary ammonium salt
isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.	2.04	1	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
kynurenic acid Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.	2.06	1	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.	2.07	1	aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
fg 7142 FG 7142: benzodiazepine receptor agonist	2.31	1	beta-carbolines
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	2	1	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
pinacidil Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)	3.11	1	pyridines
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	2.08	1	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	2.04	1	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
saccharin Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.	2.06	1	1,2-benzisothiazole; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
tofisopam tofisopam: structure; dextofisopam is the R-enantiomer of tofisopam & antidiarrheal	2.31	1	organic molecular entity
trazodone Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.	2.02	1	monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazolopyridine	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
corticosterone [no description available]	2.42	2	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.	2	1	imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	2.06	1	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	7.74	3	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	2.31	1	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
mannitol [no description available]	2.04	1	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	2.01	1	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	3.11	1	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.1	1	pyrrole; secondary amine
indazoles Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.	2.04	1	indazole
bicuculline Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.	2.06	1	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines	agrochemical; central nervous system stimulant; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; GABAA receptor antagonist; neurotoxin
alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.	2.04	1
dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.	2.1	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
vasotocin Vasotocin: A nonapeptide that contains the ring of OXYTOCIN and the side chain of ARG-VASOPRESSIN with the latter determining the specific recognition of hormone receptors. Vasotocin is the non-mammalian vasopressin-like hormone or antidiuretic hormone regulating water and salt metabolism.. vasotocin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is homologous to oxytocin and vasopressin. It is a pituitary hormone that acts as an endocrine regulator for water balance, osmotic homoeostasis and is involved in social and sexual behavior in non-mammalian vertebrates.	2.11	1
tiletamine hydrochloride Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	2.25	1
dimedone dimedone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.25	1
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.46	2	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	2.43	2	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	2.03	1	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
delequamine Delequamine: used as a selective radioligand for alpha2-adrenoceptors	2.02	1
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	2.1	1	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	2.47	2	1,2,3-triazole
tadalafil [no description available]	3.11	1	benzodioxoles; pyrazinopyridoindole	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
sb 200646 N-(1-methyl-5-indolyl)-N'-(3-pyridyl)urea: structure given in first source; a selective 5-HT(1C) receptor antagonist; SB-200646 is the HCl salt	2.04	1	indoles
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	2.01	1	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	3.01	4	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
devazepide Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.	2.07	1	1,4-benzodiazepinone; indolecarboxamide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cholecystokinin antagonist; gastrointestinal drug
h 89 N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	2.03	1	N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
kt 5720 KT 5720: indolocarbazole; synthetic derivative of K 252a. KT 5720 : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of hexyl (3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2R,3S,5S product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one.	2.1	1	carboxylic ester; gamma-lactam; hemiaminal; indolocarbazole; organic heterooctacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative; tertiary alcohol	EC 2.7.11.11 (cAMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor
arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.	2.11	1	vasopressin	cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen
ym348 YM348: 5-HT2C receptor agonist & an antiobesity drug	2.04	1
sb 242084 6-chloro-5-methyl-1-((2-(2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy)pyrid-5-yl)carbamoyl)indoline: 5-HT(2C) receptor inverse agonist (antagonist); structure in first source	2.04	1
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.25	1	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
alprostadil [no description available]	2	1	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
nalmefene nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer	2.02	1	morphinane alkaloid
barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.	2.03	1	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	7.74	3	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].	2.46	2	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-: An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.	2.05	1
pregabalin Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.	2.1	1	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker
org 2766 Org 2766: ACTH 4-9 (H-Met(O)-Glu-His-Phe-D-Lys-Phe-OH) analog in which 4-Met position of fragment substituted by 4-Met sulfoxide, 8-Arg replaced by 8-D-Lys & 9-Trp replaced by 9-Phe; RN given refers to (D-Lys)-isomer	2.01	1
sincalide Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.	2.03	1	oligopeptide
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	2.02	1	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
shu 9119 SHU 9119: an agouti mimetic; structure in first source	5.49	20
bremelanotide bremelanotide: a synthetic peptide analogue of alpha-MSH, is an agonist at melanocortin receptors including the MC3R and MC4R, which are expressed primarily in the central nervous system;	3.2	4	oligopeptide
acetyl-histidyl-phenylalanyl-arginyl-tryptophanamide [no description available]	2.4	2
ac-his-dphe-arg-trp-nh2 [no description available]	3.13	5
pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).	2.11	1
rm-493 setmelanotide: an anti-obesity agent	2.76	2
msh, 4-nle-alpha- MSH, 4-Nle-alpha-: biologically active analog of MSH	2	1
neuropeptide y Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.	8.14	5
alpha-msh [no description available]	3.87	12	peptide hormone	anti-inflammatory agent
glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.	2.03	1
msh, 4-nle-7-phe-alpha- [no description available]	5.9	18	polypeptide	dermatologic drug
melanotan-1 [no description available]	3.79	3	polypeptide	dermatologic drug
9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-adenine [no description available]	2.08	1
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	2.51	2
gastrin-releasing peptide Gastrin-Releasing Peptide: Neuropeptide and gut hormone that helps regulate GASTRIC ACID secretion and motor function. Once released from nerves in the antrum of the STOMACH, the neuropeptide stimulates release of GASTRIN from the GASTRIN-SECRETING CELLS.	2.05	1
peptide yy peptide YY (3-36): amino acid sequence given in first source	2.03	1
oxyntomodulin Glucagon-Like Peptides: Peptides derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of pancreatic GLUCAGON. Despite expression of proglucagon in multiple tissues, the major production site of glucagon-like peptides (GLPs) is the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLPs include glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon-like peptide 2, and the various truncated forms.	2.03	1
peptide yy Peptide YY: A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the L cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide YY inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion.. peptide YY : A 36-membered human gut polypeptide consisting of Tyr, Pro, Ile, Lys, Pro, Glu, Ala, Pro, Gly, Glu, Asp, Ala, Ser, Pro, Glu, Glu, Leu, Asn, Arg, Tyr, Tyr, Ala, Ser, Leu, Arg, His, Tyr, Leu, Asn, Leu, Val, Thr, Arg, Gln, Arg and Tyr-NH2 residues joined in sequence.	2.03	1
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	2	1	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine diphosphate Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.06	1	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine 5'-o-(2-thiodiphosphate) [no description available]	2.06	1	nucleoside diphosphate analogue
vardenafil dihydrochloride Vardenafil Dihydrochloride: A piperazine derivative, PHOSPHODIESTERASE 5 INHIBITOR and VASODILATOR AGENT that is used as a UROLOGICAL AGENT in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.	3.11	1
hs 024 HS 024: a melanocortin-4 receptor antagonist; structure in first source	2.31	1
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.	9.11	15

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	6.51	27	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	10.84	21	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.93	4	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	3.17	5	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	8.17	5	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	3.17	1	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	3.74	3	0
Infarct [description not available]	3.17	1	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	3.74	3	0
Rhabdomyolysis Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.	3.45	2	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	3.17	1	0
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	3.49	7	0
Inborn Errors of Metabolism [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Metabolism, Inborn Errors Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.	2.25	1	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	2.31	1	0
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	2.31	1	0
Nevi, Melanocytic [description not available]	4.25	6	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	4.85	12	0
Nevus, Pigmented A nevus containing melanin. The term is usually restricted to nevocytic nevi (round or oval collections of melanin-containing nevus cells occurring at the dermoepidermal junction of the skin or in the dermis proper) or moles, but may be applied to other pigmented nevi.	4.25	6	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	4.85	12	0
Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.	2.17	1	0
Hypermelanosis [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Hyperpigmentation Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.	2.17	1	0
Autism [description not available]	7.21	1	0
Autistic Disorder A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)	2.21	1	0
Priapism A prolonged painful erection that may lasts hours and is not associated with sexual activity. It is seen in patients with SICKLE CELL ANEMIA, advanced malignancy, spinal trauma; and certain drug treatments.	3.12	1	0
B-K Mole Syndrome [description not available]	3.44	2	0
Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome Clinically atypical nevi (usually exceeding 5 mm in diameter and having variable pigmentation and ill defined borders) with an increased risk for development of non-familial cutaneous malignant melanoma. Biopsies show melanocytic dysplasia. Nevi are clinically and histologically identical to the precursor lesions for melanoma in the B-K mole syndrome. (Stedman, 25th ed)	3.44	2	0
Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome, Posterior [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	2.74	3	0
Binge Alcohol Consumption [description not available]	2.51	2	0
Hyperphagia Ingestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food.	2.97	4	0
Ache [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	2.1	1	0
Atherogenesis [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Atheroma [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	2.46	2	0
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	2.1	1	0
Aggression Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.	2.1	1	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	2.96	4	0
Glycosuria, Renal An autosomal inherited disorder due to defective reabsorption of GLUCOSE by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. The urinary loss of glucose can reach beyond 50 g/day. It is attributed to the mutations in the SODIUM-GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER 2 encoded by the SLC5A2 gene.	2.13	1	0
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	2.96	4	0
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	2.71	3	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	2.04	1	0
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	2.04	1	0
Chemical Dependence [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse.	2.46	2	0
Body Dysmorphic Disorders Preoccupations with appearance or self-image causing significant distress or impairment in important areas of functioning.	2.05	1	0
Weight Reduction [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Anorexia The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.	3.29	6	0
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	2.05	1	0
Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.	2.72	3	0
Mole, Skin [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Lentigines [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Lentigo Small circumscribed melanoses resembling, but differing histologically from, freckles. The concept includes senile lentigo ('liver spots') and nevoid lentigo (nevus spilus, lentigo simplex) and may also occur in association with multiple congenital defects or congenital syndromes (e.g., Peutz-Jeghers syndrome).	2.06	1	0
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Leanness [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	2.44	2	0
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	2.07	1	0
Impotence [description not available]	6.32	5	3
Erectile Dysfunction The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.	6.32	5	3
Lesion of Sciatic Nerve [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Decerebrate Posturing [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Alcohol Abuse [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)	2.01	1	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	2.02	1	0
Psychophysiologic Disorders A group of disorders characterized by physical symptoms that are affected by emotional factors and involve a single organ system, usually under AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM control. (American Psychiatric Glossary, 1988)	3.38	1	1
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	4.99	3	3
Frigidity [description not available]	3.39	1	1
Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological Disturbances in sexual desire and the psychophysiologic changes that characterize the sexual response cycle and cause marked distress and interpersonal difficulty. (APA, DSM-IV, 1994)	3.39	1	1

melanotan-ii

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (35)

Research Excerpts

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (9)

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (33)

Molecular Functions (8)

Ceullar Components (3)

Bioassays (248)

Research

Studies (193)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 86.10

Study Types

melanotan-ii

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (35)

Research Excerpts

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (9)

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (33)

Molecular Functions (8)

Ceullar Components (3)

Bioassays (248)

Research

Studies (193)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 86.10

Study Types

Related Drugs (88)

Related Conditions (77)