A food additive used to form or maintain a uniform emulsion of two (or more) phases in a food.
ChEBI ID: 63047
| Member | Definition | Class |
|---|---|---|
| ammonium citrate | A citrate salt in which all three carboxy groups are deprotonated and associated with ammonium ions as counter-cations. | triammonium citrate |
| sodium pyrophosphate | An inorganic sodium salt comprised of a diphosphate(4-) anion and four sodium(1+) cations. More commonly known as tetrasodium pyrophosphate, it finds much use in the food industry as an emulsifier and in dental hygiene as a calcium-chelating salt. | sodium diphosphate |
| triacetin | A triglyceride obtained by acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol. It has fungistatic properties (based on release of acetic acid) and has been used in the topical treatment of minor dermatophyte infections. | triacetin |
| Timeframe | Studies, Drugs with This Role(%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 99 (22.65) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 55 (12.59) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 84 (19.22) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 153 (35.01) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 46 (10.53) | 2.80 |
| Publication Type | Studies, Drugs with this Role (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 27 (5.92%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 5 (1.10%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 4 (0.88%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 420 (92.11%) | 84.16% |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 67.9K protein | Vaccinia virus | Potency | 5.0119 | 1 | 1 |
| acetylcholinesterase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 50.7151 | 2 | 2 |
| aryl hydrocarbon receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 44.5541 | 2 | 4 |
| Cellular tumor antigen p53 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 33.4915 | 1 | 1 |
| cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0398 | 1 | 1 |
| cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.1189 | 1 | 1 |
| estrogen nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.9288 | 2 | 3 |
| geminin | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.1220 | 1 | 1 |
| glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens] | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 19.4222 | 4 | 4 |
| Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.4813 | 1 | 1 |
| Integrin alpha-IIb | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0398 | 1 | 1 |
| Integrin beta-3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0398 | 1 | 1 |
| lamin isoform A-delta10 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.4813 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0344 | 1 | 1 |
| Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.0591 | 1 | 1 |
| potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.4813 | 1 | 1 |
| pregnane X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 4.3277 | 1 | 1 |
| retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 24.0151 | 1 | 1 |
| TDP1 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.4092 | 2 | 2 |
| vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 24.5412 | 1 | 1 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Butyrophilin subfamily 3 member A1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1,140.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase | Astrosclera willeyana | Ki | 57,700.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase | Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 | Ki | 8,200.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 25,770.0000 | 8 | 8 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 13 | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Ki | 730.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 48,500.0000 | 17 | 17 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 1,010.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 7 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 870.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Mu-type opioid receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 48,500.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbonic anhydrase 12 | Homo sapiens (human) | Kinact | 63,900.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 14 | Homo sapiens (human) | Kinact | 760.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 9 | Homo sapiens (human) | Kinact | 46,300.0000 | 1 | 1 |