Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
ID Source | ID |
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PubMed CID | 4052643 |
MeSH ID | M0333829 |
Synonym |
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chymotrypsin |
9004-07-3 |
n-succinyl-gly-gly-phe-p-nitroanilide, protease substrate |
4-[[2-[[2-[[1-(4-nitroanilino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid |
AKOS024350585 |
FT-0641215 |
chymotrypsin substrate i, colorimetric |
DTXSID30988741 |
4-hydroxy-4-({2-hydroxy-2-[(2-hydroxy-2-{[1-(4-nitroanilino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]imino}ethyl)imino]ethyl}imino)butanoic acid |
PD166954 |
a-chymotrypsin |
n-(3-carboxy-1-oxopropyl)glycylglycyl-n-(4-nitrophenyl)-l-phenylalaninamide |
Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
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" The granule constituents of the rat mast cell differ after discharge in their bioavailability thereby suggesting that the proteoglycan may have a regulatory function in the extracellular environment." | ( Structure and function of intracellular proteoglycans. Austen, KF; Metcalfe, DD, 1979) | 0.26 |
" The absorption rate was correlated to the intestinal chymotrypsin activity obtained from in vitro studies." | ( Hydrolysis and metabolism of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid in normal and pancreatic duct-ligated animals. Kinoshita, K; Yamato, C, 1978) | 0.26 |
"In view of improving the cutaneous bioavailability of alpha-chymotrypsin from ointments, the stability of this enzyme in two hydrophile ointment bases, macrogoli and carbopol, was tested." | ( [The cutaneous bioavailability of alpha-chymotrypsin from ointments]. Filip, M; Gafiţanu, E; Mungiu, OC; Nicolaiciuc, C, ) | 0.66 |
" The improved bioavailability resulted from an increased absorption from the small intestine and most likely from an increased stability toward enzymatic degradation, whereas plasma clearance was either unaffected or slightly increased by the glycosylation." | ( Glycosylated peptide hormones: pharmacological properties and conformational studies of analogues of [1-desamino,8-D-arginine]vasopressin. Ahman, J; Bengtsson, B; Drakenberg, T; Kihlberg, J; Nilsson, A; Olsson, H; Söderberg-ahlm, C; Walse, B, 1995) | 0.29 |
"Various aliphatic carboxylic acid esters and a carbonate ester of the tyrosine phenolic group in desmopressin were synthesized to assess their suitability as prodrugs with improved bioavailability compared to the parent peptide." | ( Prodrugs of peptides. 18. Synthesis and evaluation of various esters of desmopressin (dDAVP). Bundgaard, H; Buur, A; Kahns, AH, 1993) | 0.29 |
" Its bioactive monomethylamine metabolite (35, CP-108,671) was subsequently found to have uniformly high oral bioavailability and activity in various species including primates." | ( Discovery of inhibitors of human renin with high oral bioavailability. Bindra, JS; Hockel, GM; Holt, WF; Hoover, DJ; Kleinman, EF; Lefker, BA; Mangiapane, ML; Murphy, WR; Rosati, RL; Wester, RT, 1995) | 0.29 |
"The bioavailability of an aqueous solution of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (dDAVP), with and without an enzyme inhibitor, was studied in six healthy, male volunteers aged 19-34 years, followed for 8 h after each drug administration." | ( Bioavailability of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin with an enzyme inhibitor (aprotinin) from the small intestine in healthy volunteers. d'Agay-Abensour, L; Fjellestad-Paulsen, A; Höglund, P; Rambaud, JC, 1996) | 0.29 |
" This, together with the fact that it has a good bioavailability and a very low anticoagulant activity, suggests that it might be an adjuvant of MPI-based therapy of cystic fibrosis." | ( Heparin accelerates the inhibition of cathepsin G by mucus proteinase inhibitor: potent effect of O-butyrylated heparin. Bieth, JG; Duranton, J; Ermolieff, J; Petitou, M, 1998) | 0.3 |
"A new formulation (HYA) based on timolol hyaluronate and pilocarpine hyaluronate salts has been shown to improve the bioavailability of the drugs and to extend the duration of their action." | ( Pharmacological evaluation of a new timolol/pilocarpine formulation. Bucolo, C; Mangiafico, S; Spadaro, A, 1998) | 0.3 |
" The oral bioavailability of desmopressin is limited due both to its high hydrophilicity leading to a low intestinal permeability and to low enzymatic stability." | ( alpha-Chymotrypsin-catalyzed degradation of desmopressin (dDAVP): influence of pH, concentration and various cyclodextrins. Fredholt, K; Friis, GJ; Ostergaard, J; Savolainen, J, 1999) | 1.75 |
"A new formulation based on pilocarpine hyaluronate salt has been shown to improve the bioavailability of the drug and to extend the duration of activity." | ( Pharmacological profile of a new topical pilocarpine formulation. Bucolo, C; Mangiafico, P, 1999) | 0.3 |
" These results suggest that in vitro gastrointestinal digestion was the predominant factor controlling the formation of ACE inhibitory activity, hence, indicating its importance in the bioavailability of ACE inhibitory peptides." | ( The impact of fermentation and in vitro digestion on the formation of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity from pea and whey protein. Decroos, K; Van Camp, J; Van Wijmelbeke, L; Vermeirssen, V; Verstraete, W, 2003) | 0.32 |
"Plant hydrocolloids used in the food industry to improve texture and stability of food, such as dairy products, can reduce protein digestibility and, consequently, modify the bioavailability of amino acids." | ( Effects of different levels of gum arabic, low methylated pectin and xylan on in vitro digestibility of beta-lactoglobulin. Frémont, S; Laurent, F; Marrion, O; Méjean, L; Mouécoucou, J; Sanchez, C; Villaume, C, 2003) | 0.32 |
"The insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) play a major role in the regulation of the effects and the bioavailability of the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)." | ( Diversity of human insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-2 fragments in plasma: primary structure, IGF-binding properties, and disulfide bonding pattern. Braulke, T; Forssmann, WG; Höning, S; John, H; Kübler, B; Mark, S; Oesterreicher, S; Ständker, L, 2005) | 0.33 |
" In vivo studies demonstrated a relative bioavailability of 34." | ( The use of thiolated polymers as carrier matrix in oral peptide delivery--proof of concept. Bernkop-Schnürch, A; D'Antonio, M; Del Curto, MD; Esposito, P; Guggi, D; Huck, C; Kahlbacher, H; Pinter, Y; Schmerold, I; Schöffmann, G; Schuh, M, 2005) | 0.33 |
" It was the aim of the study to synthesise, characterise and evaluate a novel polymer-inhibitor conjugate in order to improve the bioavailability of orally-administered peptides and proteins." | ( Design and evaluation of a chitosan-aprotinin conjugate for the peroral delivery of therapeutic peptides and proteins susceptible to enzymatic degradation. Entstrasser, D; Föger, F; Loretz, B; Werle, M, 2007) | 0.34 |
"05) higher mean plasma concentrations of sCT, after inhalation of micelles compared to sCT solution, at 60 and 90 min, a significantly higher AUC (inf) and a relative bioavailability of 160 ± 55% when compared to plain sCT solution." | ( In vitro and in vivo characterisation of PEG-lipid-based micellar complexes of salmon calcitonin for pulmonary delivery. Baginski, L; Bakowsky, U; Ehrhardt, C; Gobbo, OL; Healy, AM; Salomon, JJ; Tewes, F, 2012) | 0.38 |
" A major approach to increase the bioavailability of pharmacologically active peptides is the incorporation of non-natural amino acids." | ( Impact of fluorination on proteolytic stability of peptides: a case study with α-chymotrypsin and pepsin. Asante, V; Koksch, B; Mortier, J; Wolber, G, 2014) | 0.4 |
"The Food and Drug Administration in 2006 required that all pancreatic enzyme products demonstrate bioavailability of lipase, amylase, and protease in the proximal small intestine." | ( Study of the gastrointestinal bioavailability of a pancreatic extract product (Zenpep) in chronic pancreatitis patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Karnik, N; Lieb, JG; Patel, D; Toskes, PP, 2020) | 0.56 |
"α-Helical antimicrobial peptides (αAMPs) are among the potential candidates for new anti-infectives to tackle the global crisis in antibiotic resistance, but they suffer from low bioavailability due to high susceptibility to enzymatic degradation." | ( Designed Trp-Cage Proteins with Antimicrobial Activity and Enhanced Stability. Leippe, M; Lipfert, M; Preußke, N; Rothemund, S; Sönnichsen, FD, 2021) | 0.62 |
Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
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" The dose-response relationship between pancreatic bicarbonate production and varying doses of synthetic secretin administered intravenously and in the form of snuff, was good." | ( [Pancreatic response to graded doses of synthetic secretion: comparison between intravenous and pernasal administration in man]. Demling, L; Domschke, S; Domschke, W; Jaeger, E; Tympner, F; Wünsch, E, 1975) | 0.25 |
" A comparison of the proteolytic activity with the fat content of the feces during the study period without the enzyme substitution and during the period when the enzyme dosage varied showed no significant correlation." | ( [Studies on the value of fecal tryptic and chymotryptic activity in the diagnosis and therapy of cystic fibrosis (author's transl)]. Kobayashi, Y; Tolckmitt, W; Weise, J, 1976) | 0.26 |
" The dosage can be higher in cases of chronic pancreatitis than in those required after duodenopancreatectomy." | ( Adequate enzymatic substitution in treating exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Duda, M; Kubias, K; Simek, I, 1992) | 0.28 |
" Immunogenetic data and gene dosage studies revealed that the Sra antigen is not related to any of the other known platelet alloantigens." | ( Sra, a private platelet antigen on glycoprotein IIIa associated with neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Kiefel, V; Kroll, H; Mueller-Eckhardt, C; Santoso, S, 1990) | 0.28 |
"Application of a single dose of a new type of proteinase inhibitor camostate (FOY-305) via orogastric tube was used in rats to study the dose-response relationship of resulting pancreatic stimulation." | ( Stimulation of pancreatic secretory process in the rat by low-molecular weight proteinase inhibitor. I. Dose-response study on enzyme content and secretion, cholecystokinin release and pancreatic fine structure. Adler, G; Kern, HF; Koop, I; Rausch, U; Rudolff, D; Weidenbach, F; Weidenbach, H, 1987) | 0.27 |
" Apamin inhibited the transmural nerve stimulation-induced relaxation and shifted the dose-response curve for VIP to the right." | ( Similarities between the relaxations induced by vasoactive intestinal peptide and by stimulation of the non-adrenergic non-cholinergic neurons in the rat stomach. Kamata, K; Kasuya, Y; Sakamoto, A, 1988) | 0.27 |
" The impaired regulation of adenylate cyclase and delayed secretion had in common: (i) partial correction with high concentrations of thrombin; (ii) similar thrombin dose-response relationships; (iii) similar concentration dependence for chymotrypsin during pretreatment; and (iv) specificity for thrombin." | ( Modified platelet responses to thrombin. Evidence for two types of receptors or coupling mechanisms. Detwiler, TC; McGowan, EB, 1986) | 0.27 |
" A dose-response 125I-vWF-platelet binding occurred with increasing ristocetin concentrations which was unchanged by the addition of collagen." | ( Platelet-collagen interaction: inhibition by ristocetin and enhancement by von Willebrand factor-platelet binding. Bell, WR; Bettigole, RE; LaDuca, FM; Robson, EB, 1986) | 0.27 |
" Regression analysis of net percent release values of histamine and the angiotensin I-converting activity from dose-response experiments demonstrated a correlation between the two parameters, indicating that the chymotrypsin-like enzyme is a constituent of the mast cell secretory granule." | ( A human lung mast cell chymotrypsin-like enzyme. Identification and partial characterization. Kaempfer, CE; Proud, D; Schechter, NM; Wintroub, BU, 1986) | 0.27 |
" Analogues showing no adenylate cyclase activity were examined for their ability to act as antagonists by displacing glucagon-stimulated adenylate cyclase dose-response curves to the right (higher concentrations)." | ( Design and synthesis of glucagon partial agonists and antagonists. Gysin, B; Hruby, VJ; Johnson, DG; Trivedi, D, 1986) | 0.27 |
" The calcium dose-response curve paralleled those of lipase and chymotrypsin outputs." | ( Action of pirenzepine, a new muscarinic antagonist drug, on human pancreatic secretion. Laugier, R; Nishimura, S; Sarles, H, 1985) | 0.27 |
" Reexpressed in arbitrary MIF units, this relationship reflects a dose-response relationship with saturation characteristics." | ( Mechanism of action of migration inhibitory factor (MIF). I. Evidence for a receptor for MIF present on the peritoneal macrophage but not on the alveolar macrophage. Eddleston, AL; Good, RA; Hadden, JW; Leu, RW, 1972) | 0.25 |
"The effect of actinomycin D (ACTD) at three dosage levels on the enzymatic activities of the normal rat pancreas was studied." | ( Pancreas acinar cell regeneration. X. Effect of actinomycin D on enzymatic activities. Fitzgerald, PJ; Marsh, WH, 1971) | 0.25 |
" Pretreatment of the membranes with trypsin and chymotrypsin abolished the specific binding of both agonist and antagonist, in a dose-response manner, with the former being less affected." | ( Some characteristics of GnRH receptors in rat-pituitary membranes: differences between an agonist and and antagonist. Hazum, E, 1981) | 0.26 |
" The sutures of size 2-0 were irradiated at dosage levels of 0-20 mrad." | ( The effect of gamma irradiation on the enzymatic degradation of polyglycolic acid absorbable sutures. Chu, CC; Williams, DF, 1983) | 0.27 |
"The pathology and enzymology of the intestinal mucosae of lambs dosed daily with 2500 Trichostrongylus vitrinus larvae and killed at five, nine or 14 weeks were compared with worm-free animals." | ( Changes in the intestinal enzyme activity of lambs during chronic infection with Trichostrongylus vitrinus. Jones, DG, 1982) | 0.26 |
" Sodium fluoride in moderate therapeutic dosage possibly can retard or completely inhibit the activity of bone-resorbing enzymes in the otospongiotic focus, thus retarding or arresting active expansion of a focus and resulting in stabilizing or arresting the progression of sensorineural hearing loss that is associated with otospongiosis." | ( Effect of fluoride on alpha-chymotrypsin. Kacker, SK; Shambaugh, GE, 1980) | 0.58 |
" The dosage can be higher in cases of chronic pancreatitis than in those required after duodenopancreatectomy." | ( Adequate enzymatic substitution in treating exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Duda, M; Kubias, K; Simek, I, 1993) | 0.29 |
" Further investigations on the immunomodulatory potency, dosage and effects on postherpetic herpes neuralgia are, however, still required." | ( [Enzyme therapy--an alternative in treatment of herpes zoster. A controlled study of 192 patients]. Billigmann, P, 1995) | 0.29 |
" In experiment 1, steers were dosed with 0, 25, or 50 micrograms." | ( Effects of slaframine and 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4DAMP) on pancreatic exocrine secretion in the bovine. Croom, WJ; Hagler, WM; Harmon, DL; Krehbiel, CR; St Jean, G; Walker, JA, 1994) | 0.29 |
" Several analogs of varying chain lengths were synthesized and evaluated for biological activity using dose-response curves." | ( Mass spectrometry and characterization of Aedes aegypti trypsin modulating oostatic factor (TMOF) and its analogs. Borovsky, D; Carlson, DA; Griffin, PR; Hunt, DF; Shabanowitz, J, 1993) | 0.29 |
" This assay measures the uptake of radiolabelled acetate into the cells, and the use of dispersed cells reduces the time and labor involved in preparing dose-response curves to different test peptides and increases the precision of the estimate of potency." | ( The preparation and use of dispersed cells from fat body of Locusta migratoria in a filtration plate assay for adipokinetic peptides. Goldsworthy, GJ; Lee, MJ, 1995) | 0.29 |
" Intraocular pressure responses to drug vehicle and 5 different doses of topical dihydroergocristine were studied in order to obtain a dose-response curve." | ( The effect of topical dihydroergocristine on the intraocular pressure in alpha-chymotrypsin-induced ocular hypertensive rabbits. Melena, J; Santafé, J; Segarra, J, 1998) | 0.53 |
"Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE/kininase II) inhibitors potentiated guinea pig ileum's isotonic contractions to bradykinin (BK) and its analogues, shifting the BK dose-response curve to the left." | ( Potentiation of the effects of bradykinin on its receptor in the isolated guinea pig ileum. Erdös, EG; Igić, R; Minshall, RD; Nedumgottil, SJ; Rabito, SF, 2000) | 0.31 |
"In patients refractory to an ordinary amount of medicine, a large dosage of enzymes may be necessary to gain weight after PPPD." | ( Postoperative pancreatic exocrine function influences body weight maintenance after pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy. Chijiiwa, K; Ohtsuka, T; Tanaka, M; Yamaguchi, K, 2001) | 0.31 |
" Intraocular pressure responses to drug vehicle and seven different doses of topical natural ergot alkaloids were examined in order to obtain dose-response relationships for comparing the intraocular pressure-lowering effect and potency of these drugs." | ( The effect of topical natural ergot alkaloids on the intraocular pressure and aqueous humor dynamics in rabbits with alpha-chymotrypsin-induced ocular hypertension. Garrido, M; Melena, J; Puras, G; Santafé, J; Segarra, J, 2002) | 0.52 |
"The time course and dose-response to proteolysis of three dimeric isozymes of creatine kinase, CK-MM (muscle), CK-BB (brain), and CK-MB (heart) and the homologous monomer, arginine kinase were compared." | ( Proteolytic susceptibility of creatine kinase isozymes and arginine kinase. Ercan, A; Grossman, SH, 2003) | 0.32 |
" These "nuisance" compounds often behave strangely, with steep dose-response curves, absence of clear structure-activity relationships, and high sensitivity to assay conditions." | ( Screening in a spirit haunted world. Shoichet, BK, 2006) | 0.33 |
" Intraocular pressure responses to drug vehicle and seven different doses of topical natural ergot alkaloids were examined, in order to obtain dose-response relationships for comparing the intraocular pressure-lowering effect and potency of these drugs." | ( A comparative study of topical natural ergot alkaloids on the intraocular pressure and aqueous humor dynamics in oclular normotensive and alpha-chymotrypsin-induced ocular hypertensive rabbits. Garrido, M; Melena, J; Puras, G; Santafé, J; Segarra, J, 2007) | 0.54 |
" The antitumor efficacy of PR-171 delivered on 2 consecutive days is stronger than that of bortezomib administered on its clinical dosing schedule." | ( Antitumor activity of PR-171, a novel irreversible inhibitor of the proteasome. Aujay, MA; Bennett, MK; Buchholz, TJ; Dajee, M; Demo, SD; Ho, MN; Jiang, J; Kirk, CJ; Laidig, GJ; Lewis, ER; Molineaux, CJ; Parlati, F; Shenk, KD; Smyth, MS; Sun, CM; Vallone, MK; Woo, TM, 2007) | 0.34 |
"05) increase in preimplantation loss was observed at postinjection weeks 1 (reflecting exposure to spermatozoa after single treatment and to spermatozoa or late spermatids after subacute dosing) and 3 (reflecting exposure to mid and early spermatids for acute dosing and to mid and early spermatids or late spermatocytes following acute treatment), regardless of dose and length of exposure to the inhibitor." | ( Mutagenicity of Ascaris chymotrypsin inhibitor in germ cells of mice. Blaszkowska, J, 2008) | 0.35 |
" The dose-response effect of CORM-3 on IOP was assessed by topical administration of the drug (0." | ( A water-soluble carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (CORM-3) lowers intraocular pressure in rabbits. Bucolo, C; Drago, F; Leggio, GM; Motterlini, R; Privitera, MG; Stagni, E, 2009) | 0.35 |
" Consequently, in order to understand these differences, in silico biologically based dose-response and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) methodologies need to be integrated." | ( Quantitative structure-activity relationships for organophosphates binding to trypsin and chymotrypsin. Gearhart, JM; Hack, CE; Robinson, PJ; Ruark, CD, 2011) | 0.37 |
" (13)C breath tests share the same limits of the other non invasive functional tests, but the mixed triglyceride breath test seems to be useful in finding the correct dosage of enzyme substitutive therapy to prevent malnutrition in patients with known pancreatic insufficiency." | ( Pancreatic function assessment. Agnes, A; Alfieri, S; Boškoski, I; Bruno, G; Gasbarrini, A; Gerardi, V; Ianiro, G; Laterza, L; Ojetti, V; Scaldaferri, F, 2013) | 0.39 |
" However more research is needed to elucidate the underlying immunomodulatory role of chymotrypsin and how to increase its beneficial effect by modification of dosage and/or regimen of administration." | ( Immunomodulatory Effect of Chymotrypsin in CNS Is Sex-independent: Evidence of Anti-inflammatory Role for IL-17 in EAE. Ghaffarinia, A; Jalili, C; Pakravan, N; Parvaneh, S; Riazi-Rad, F; Yaslianifard, S, 2016) | 0.43 |
Product Category | Products |
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Vitamins & Supplements | 3 |
Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy | 1 |
Product | Brand | Category | Compounds Matched from Ingredients | Date Retrieved |
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Enzymatic Therapy Mega-Zyme - Pancreatic & Systemic Enzymes - Digestion & Muscle Recovery -- 100 Tablets | Enzymatic Therapy | Vitamins & Supplements | Lipase, Chymotrypsin | 2024-11-29 10:47:42 |
Innerzyme Pain & Inflammation Blend -- 250 Tablets | Innerzyme | Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy | Chymotrypsin, Dicalcium phosphate, ethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, maltodextrin, oleic acid, Rutin, stearic acid | 2024-11-29 10:47:42 |
Vitacost-Synergy Mega Digestive Enzymes with Pancreatin 10X -- 200 Capsules | Vitacost-Synergy | Vitamins & Supplements | Lipase, Chymotrypsin, maltodextrin | 2024-11-29 10:47:42 |
Vitacost-Synergy Mega Digestive Enzymes with Pancreatin 10X -- 300 Capsules | Vitacost-Synergy | Vitamins & Supplements | Lipase, Chymotrypsin, maltodextrin | 2024-11-29 10:47:42 |
Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
---|---|---|
pre-1990 | 9262 (66.35) | 18.7374 |
1990's | 2174 (15.57) | 18.2507 |
2000's | 1389 (9.95) | 29.6817 |
2010's | 982 (7.03) | 24.3611 |
2020's | 152 (1.09) | 2.80 |
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] |
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (83.17) All Compounds (24.57) |
Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
---|---|---|
Trials | 142 (0.96%) | 5.53% |
Reviews | 306 (2.08%) | 6.00% |
Case Studies | 83 (0.56%) | 4.05% |
Observational | 3 (0.02%) | 0.25% |
Other | 14,209 (96.38%) | 84.16% |
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] |
Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
dinitrochlorobenzene Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes | allergen; epitope; sensitiser |
ethylene chlorohydrin Ethylene Chlorohydrin: Used as a solvent, in the manufacture of insecticides, and for treating sweet potatoes before planting. May cause nausea, vomiting, pains in head and chest, stupefaction. Irritates mucous membranes and causes kidney and liver degeneration.. chloroethanol : An organochlorine compound that is ethanol substituted by at least one chloro group. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | chloroethanol | xenobiotic metabolite |
alpha-ketoisovalerate alpha-ketoisovalerate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-oxo derivative of isovaleric acid. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; branched-chain keto acid | human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
phosphoserine Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine. | 3.48 | 8 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid; serine derivative | human metabolite |
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule |
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | hydroxybenzaldehyde | EC 1.14.17.1 (dopamine beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
5-hydroxytryptophan 5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | hydroxytryptophan | human metabolite; neurotransmitter |
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. | 3.21 | 6 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent |
acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | aldehyde | carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent |
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H). | 10.88 | 33 | 0 | ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent |
adenine [no description available] | 3.83 | 12 | 0 | 6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
agmatine Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | guanidines; primary amino compound | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. | 4.02 | 15 | 0 | azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant |
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor |
benzaldehyde [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzaldehydes | EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; fragrance; odorant receptor agonist; plant metabolite |
benzene [no description available] | 8.55 | 9 | 0 | aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound | carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent |
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine. | 3.06 | 4 | 0 | amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative | fundamental metabolite |
bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aryl phosphate | |
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) | 9.58 | 27 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic bromine | |
1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes. | 3.56 | 9 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent |
cadaverine [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | alkane-alpha,omega-diamine | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
carbamates [no description available] | 4.66 | 29 | 0 | amino-acid anion | |
carbamyl phosphate Carbamyl Phosphate: The monoanhydride of carbamic acid with PHOSPHORIC ACID. It is an important intermediate metabolite and is synthesized enzymatically by CARBAMYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (AMMONIA) and CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (GLUTAMINE-HYDROLYZING). | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | acyl monophosphate; one-carbon compound | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas. | 3.97 | 4 | 0 | carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound | biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent |
formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent |
carnitine [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | amino-acid betaine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
catechol [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | catechols | allelochemical; genotoxin; plant metabolite |
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC). | 4.4 | 21 | 0 | alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound | bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas |
choline [no description available] | 5.07 | 8 | 0 | cholines | allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | tricarboxylic acid | antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite |
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion. | 8.45 | 65 | 1 | halide anion; monoatomic chlorine | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite |
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms. | 4.55 | 26 | 0 | chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride | mouse metabolite |
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative | 7 | 1 | 0 | coumarins | fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid | algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite |
aminoethylphosphonic acid Aminoethylphosphonic Acid: An organophosphorus compound isolated from human and animal tissues.. (2-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid : A phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorus of phosphonic acid is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | phosphonic acids; primary amino compound; zwitterion | human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
octane Octanes: Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. octane : A straight chain alkane composed of 8 carbon atoms. | 3.99 | 14 | 0 | alkane | xenobiotic |
4-nitrophenylphosphate nitrophenylphosphate: RN given refers to mono(4-nitrophenyl) ester of phosphoric acid. 4-nitrophenyl phosphate : An aryl phosphate resulting from the mono-esterification of phosphoric acid with 4-nitrophenol. | 2.62 | 3 | 0 | aryl phosphate | mouse metabolite |
dihydrolipoic acid dihydrolipoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. dihydrolipoic acid : A thio-fatty acid that is reduced form of lipoic acid. A potent antioxidant shown to directly destroy superoxide, hydroperoxy and hydroxyl radicals; also has neuroprotective and anti-tumour effects.. dihydrolipoate : The conjugate base of dihydrolipoic acid. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | thio-fatty acid | antioxidant; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
guaiacol Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | guaiacols | disinfectant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; expectorant; plant metabolite |
hippuric acid hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | N-acylglycine | human blood serum metabolite; uremic toxin |
malic acid malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid | food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite |
phosphonoacetic acid Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.. phosphonoacetic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; phosphonic acids | antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor |
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | catechols; dihydroxyphenylacetic acid | human metabolite |
aminocaproic acid Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator. | 8.2 | 6 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; epsilon-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid | antifibrinolytic drug; hematologic agent; metabolite |
creatine [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion | geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical |
cytosine [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
alanylalanine alanylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | |
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 4.05 | 14 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite |
diacetyl butane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | alpha-diketone | Escherichia coli metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents. | 12.94 | 38 | 1 | sulfoxide; volatile organic compound | alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger |
ethanolamine [no description available] | 7.04 | 1 | 0 | ethanolamines; primary alcohol; primary amine | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy | 4.69 | 30 | 0 | aldehyde; one-carbon compound | allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
formamide formimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is formic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.. primary carboxamide : A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with ammonia; formula RC(=O)NH2. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | carboximidic acid; formamides; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound | solvent |
glycine [no description available] | 7.64 | 117 | 0 | alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid | EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical |
glyceraldehyde Glyceraldehyde: An aldotriose containing the propionaldehyde structure with hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It is involved in the formation of ADVANCED GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCTS.. glyceraldehyde : An aldotriose comprising propanal having hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It plays role in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), a deleterious accompaniment to ageing.. aldose : Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | aldotriose | fundamental metabolite |
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil. | 5.48 | 26 | 0 | alditol; triol | algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent |
hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid. | 12.52 | 100 | 9 | carbon oxoanion | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
histamine [no description available] | 5.71 | 28 | 0 | aralkylamino compound; imidazoles | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond. | 6.18 | 33 | 1 | elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity | antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite |
hydroquinone [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | benzenediol; hydroquinones | antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent |
hydroxylamine amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group. | 4.05 | 15 | 0 | hydroxylamines | algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; nitric oxide donor; nucleophilic reagent |
imidazole imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1. | 7.66 | 3 | 0 | imidazole | |
indole [no description available] | 3.05 | 5 | 0 | indole; polycyclic heteroarene | Escherichia coli metabolite |
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge.. | 6.47 | 36 | 0 | diatomic iodine | nutrient |
dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring. | 3.56 | 9 | 0 | hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative | human metabolite |
kynurenine Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; substituted aniline | human metabolite |
thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS. | 4.27 | 4 | 1 | dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid | fundamental metabolite; geroprotector |
pyruvaldehyde Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | 2-oxo aldehyde; propanals | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. | 5.11 | 46 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound | amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
phytic acid Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated. | 3.77 | 3 | 0 | inositol phosphate | |
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | cyclitol; hexol | |
melatonin [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; tryptamines | anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger |
croton oil [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-hexosamine | |
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28. | 3.57 | 9 | 0 | metal allergen; nickel group element atom | epitope; micronutrient |
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group. | 3.35 | 7 | 0 | pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3 | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor |
niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3 | antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent |
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical. | 3.9 | 13 | 0 | monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species | |
nitroxyl nitroxyl: hydroxamic acid oxidized to nitroxyl free radical. nitroxyl : A nitrogen oxoacid consisting of an oxygen atom double-bonded to an NH group. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | nitrogen oxoacid | |
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 4.43 | 7 | 0 | monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species | human metabolite |
nitrous oxide Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | gas molecular entity; nitrogen oxide | analgesic; bacterial metabolite; food packaging gas; food propellant; general anaesthetic; greenhouse gas; inhalation anaesthetic; NMDA receptor antagonist; raising agent; refrigerant; vasodilator agent |
1-octanol 1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | octanol; primary alcohol | antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite; fuel additive; kairomone; plant metabolite |
orotic acid Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group. | 9.78 | 64 | 2 | aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion | allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite |
4-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | 4-nitrophenols | human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid. | 3.22 | 6 | 0 | long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
parathion [no description available] | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide | acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite |
phenol [no description available] | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | phenols | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
phosphoric acid phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | phosphoric acids | algal metabolite; fertilizer; human metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent |
phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphoenolpyruvate: A monocarboxylic acid anion derived from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is a metabolic intermediate in GLYCOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; and other pathways.. phosphoenolpyruvate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resuting from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid.. phosphoenolpyruvic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid substituted by a phosphonooxy group at position 2. It is a metabolic intermediate in pathways like glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | carboxyalkyl phosphate; monocarboxylic acid | fundamental metabolite |
phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | phosphocholines | allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
diphosphoric acid diphosphoric acid : An acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride obtained by condensation of two molecules of phosphoric acid. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid | Escherichia coli metabolite |
propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | glycol; propane-1,2-diols | allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent |
1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 3.97 | 14 | 0 | propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol | metabolite; protic solvent |
pteridines [no description available] | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; pteridines | |
putrescine [no description available] | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | alkane-alpha,omega-diamine | antioxidant; fundamental metabolite |
pyridoxal [no description available] | 3.05 | 5 | 0 | hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal. | 6.39 | 33 | 0 | methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate | coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
pyridoxamine [no description available] | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | aminoalkylpyridine; hydroxymethylpyridine; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6 | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; iron chelator; mouse metabolite; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
pyrogallol benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | benzenetriol; phenolic donor | plant metabolite |
pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid | cofactor; fundamental metabolite |
thiosulfates Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid. | 3.04 | 5 | 0 | divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion | human metabolite |
dithionite Dithionite: Dithionite. The dithionous acid ion and its salts. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion | |
sarcosine cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | N-alkylglycine zwitterion; N-alkylglycine; N-methyl-amino acid; N-methylglycines | Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; glycine transporter 1 inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
selenious acid Selenious Acid: A selenium compound with the molecular formula H2SO3. It used as a source of SELENIUM, especially for patients that develop selenium deficiency following prolonged PARENTERAL NUTRITION. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | selenium oxoacid | |
sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3). | 3.65 | 10 | 0 | divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion | |
spermidine [no description available] | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | polyazaalkane; triamine | autophagy inducer; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector |
spermine [no description available] | 3.25 | 6 | 0 | polyazaalkane; tetramine | antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent |
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid | anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent |
sulfuric acid sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | sulfur oxoacid | catalyst |
taurine [no description available] | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion | antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | primary alcohol; vitamin B1 | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups. | 9.69 | 30 | 0 | methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound | cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent |
trimethyloxamine trimethyloxamine: used in manufacture of quaternary ammonium cpds; insect attractant; warming agent for gas; oxidant; structure. trimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine. | 3.73 | 9 | 0 | tertiary amine oxide | Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; osmolyte |
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | uric acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives. | 7.6 | 189 | 0 | isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid: structure given in first source; NMDA receptor antagonist | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
ibotenic acid Ibotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist. | 2 | 1 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | neurotoxin |
1,10-phenanthroline 1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | phenanthroline | EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor |
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8. | 17.93 | 481 | 20 | aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid | fluorescent probe |
1h-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one: structure given in first source; inhibits guanylyl cyclase. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one : A member of the class of oxadiazoloquinoxalines that is 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline substituted at position 1 by an oxo group. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | oxadiazoloquinoxaline | EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor |
2,2'-dipyridyl 2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'. | 3.25 | 6 | 0 | bipyridine | chelator; ferroptosis inhibitor |
2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | dinitrophenol | allergen; antiseptic drug; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; geroprotector; oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor |
2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine: mutagen from fried ground beef; structure given in first source. PhIP : An imidazopyridine that is 1H--imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine which is substituted at positions 1, 2, and 6 by methyl, amino, and phenyl groups, respectively. It is the most abundant of the mutagenic heterocyclic amines found in cooked meat and fish. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | imidazopyridine; primary amino compound | carcinogenic agent; mutagen |
mercaptoethanol Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation. | 5.33 | 58 | 0 | alkanethiol; primary alcohol | geroprotector |
3,4-dichloroisocoumarin 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin : A member of the class of isocoumarins that is isocoumarin substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 4. It is a serine protease inhibitor. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | isocoumarins; organochlorine compound | geroprotector; serine protease inhibitor |
amitrole Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | aromatic amine; triazoles | carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor; herbicide |
aminopropionitrile Aminopropionitrile: Reagent used as an intermediate in the manufacture of beta-alanine and pantothenic acid. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | aminopropionitrile | antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; collagen cross-linking inhibitor; plant metabolite |
3-methylcholanthrene Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent |
enprofylline enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | oxopurine | anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonylfluoride [no description available] | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | ||
(4-amidinophenyl)methanesulfonyl fluoride [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
4-aminopyridine [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | aminopyridine; aromatic amine | avicide; orphan drug; potassium channel blocker |
4-diphenylacetoxy-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium 4-diphenylacetoxy-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium: muscarinic receptor antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; do not confuse abbreviation 4-DAMP with a similar cpd which does not contain dimethyl groups. 4-DAMP(1+) : A quaternary ammonium salt obtained by formal methylation of the tertiary amino function of 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic antagonist |
phenytoin [no description available] | 3.05 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent |
8-phenyltheophylline 8-phenyltheophylline: purinergic P1 receptor antagonist | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
oxyquinoline Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxyquinoline | antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug; iron chelator |
2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane): water-soluble free-radical initiator | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | monoazo compound | |
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337) | 5.03 | 10 | 1 | monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles | anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
n-acetyltryptophan N-acetyltryptophan : An N-acetylamino acid that is the N-acetyl derivative of tryptophan. | 7.4 | 2 | 0 | N-acetyl-amino acid; tryptophan derivative | metabolite |
beta-aminoethyl isothiourea beta-Aminoethyl Isothiourea: A radiation-protective agent that can inhibit DNA damage by binding to the DNA. It also increases the susceptibility of blood cells to complement-mediated lysis. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate: specific inhibitor of pyruvate transport in rat liver mitochondria & human erythrocytes; structure | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent |
aluminum fluoride [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | aluminium coordination entity | |
ambroxol Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride. | 3.35 | 1 | 1 | aromatic amine | |
pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | guanidines; one-carbon compound | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor |
theophylline [no description available] | 3.96 | 14 | 0 | dimethylxanthine | adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent |
amobarbital Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | |
arecoline Arecoline: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.. arecoline : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | enoate ester; methyl ester; pyridine alkaloid; tetrahydropyridine | metabolite; muscarinic agonist |
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity. | 5.91 | 20 | 0 | benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates | anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent |
azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
azobenzene azobenzene: photosensor molecule known to undergo reversible isomerization from trans to cis on illumination with photons of appropriate wavelength; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. (E)-azobenzene : The (E)-isomer of azobenzene.. (Z)-azobenzene : The (Z)-isomer of azobenzene.. azobenzene : A molecule whose structure comprises two phenyl rings linked by a N=N double bond; the parent compound of the azobenzene class of compounds. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | azobenzenes | |
benzamidine benzamidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzamidine : A carboxamidine that is benzene carrying an amidino group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | benzenes; carboxamidine | serine protease inhibitor |
benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite |
benzothiazide benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
bepridil Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | pyrrolidines; tertiary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one: from maize extracts; structure given in first source. DIMBOA : A lactol that is DIBOA in which the hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group. It has been isolated from the maize plants. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzoxazine; cyclic hydroxamic acid; lactol | allelochemical; plant metabolite |
betaxolol [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | propanolamine | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent |
bethanechol Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; quaternary ammonium ion | muscarinic agonist |
bromhexine Bromhexine: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744). bromhexine : A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum). | 4.05 | 3 | 1 | organobromine compound; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | mucolytic |
bumetanide [no description available] | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide | diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor |
busulfan [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | methanesulfonate ester | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; insect sterilant; teratogenic agent |
caffeine [no description available] | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine | adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic |
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group. | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound | |
beta-glycerophosphoric acid beta-glycerophosphoric acid: plays role in mineralization of bone in vitro. glycerol 2-phosphate : A glycerol monophosphate having the phosphate group at the 2-position. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | glycerol monophosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite |
camostat camostat : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-guanidinobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate. It is a potent inhibitor of the human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and its mesylate salt is currently under investigation for its effectiveness in COVID-19 patients. | 4.87 | 8 | 1 | benzoate ester; carboxylic ester; diester; guanidines; tertiary carboxamide | anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifibrinolytic drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; serine protease inhibitor |
camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone | plant metabolite |
candesartan cilexetil candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects | 2 | 1 | 0 | biphenyls | |
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | hydrazone; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile | antibacterial agent; geroprotector; ionophore |
cetraxate [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid | |
cetyltrimethylammonium ion Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups. | 3.38 | 7 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | |
cetylpyridinium Cetylpyridinium: Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | pyridinium ion | |
chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | 3.04 | 5 | 0 | aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent |
chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2. | 4.29 | 2 | 2 | benzodiazepine | |
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis. | 5.14 | 15 | 0 | aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug |
chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety. | 4.43 | 7 | 0 | organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
chlorzoxazone Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-benzoxazoles; heteroaryl hydroxy compound; organochlorine compound | muscle relaxant; sedative |
6-hydroxychlorzoxazone 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone: chlorzoxazone metabolite in humans | 2 | 1 | 0 | benzoxazole | |
cisapride Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | benzamides | |
clioquinol Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease. | 4.02 | 3 | 1 | monohydroxyquinoline; organochlorine compound; organoiodine compound | antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; chelator; copper chelator |
clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes | anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist |
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | clonidine; imidazoline | |
cypermethrin cypermethrin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile.. zeta-cypermethrin : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising the isomeric pair (1R)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaR)-cypermethrin together with the isomeric pair (1S)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaS)-cypermethrin where the ratio between the isomeric pairs lies in the range 45:55 to 55:45. | 2 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound | agrochemical; molluscicide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide |
cyproheptadine Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia. | 2.63 | 3 | 0 | piperidines; tertiary amine | anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; gastrointestinal drug; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
cystamine [no description available] | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | organic disulfide; primary amino compound | EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor |
dantrolene Dantrolene: Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.. dantrolene : The hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furfural with 1-aminohydantoin. A ryanodine receptor antagonist used for the relief of chronic severe spasticity and malignant hyperthermia. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione | muscle relaxant; neuroprotective agent; ryanodine receptor antagonist |
dapi DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd. | 7.46 | 2 | 0 | indoles | fluorochrome |
atenolol [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent |
dichlorphenamide Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; sulfonamide | antiglaucoma drug; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor; ophthalmology drug |
diethyl pyrocarbonate Diethyl Pyrocarbonate: Preservative for wines, soft drinks, and fruit juices and a gentle esterifying agent.. diethyl pyrocarbonate : The diethyl ester of dicarbonic acid. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | acyclic carboxylic anhydride | |
pentetic acid Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | pentacarboxylic acid | copper chelator |
diflunisal Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position. | 3.34 | 1 | 1 | monohydroxybenzoic acid; organofluorine compound | non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
dihydrocytochalasin b dihydrocytochalasin B: inhibits cell motility in many eucaryotic cells | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
dimercaprol Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury. | 2.63 | 3 | 0 | dithiol; primary alcohol | chelator |
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | ether; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative |
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol | adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
disulfiram [no description available] | 2.94 | 1 | 0 | organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor |
diuron Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; dichlorobenzene | environmental contaminant; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; photosystem-II inhibitor; urea herbicide; xenobiotic |
thiorphan Thiorphan: A potent inhibitor of membrane metalloendopeptidase (ENKEPHALINASE). Thiorphan potentiates morphine-induced ANALGESIA and attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
enflurane Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | anaesthetic |
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays. | 6.25 | 48 | 0 | ||
ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups. | 7.65 | 3 | 0 | ether; volatile organic compound | inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant |
ethoxzolamide Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzothiazoles; sulfonamide | antiglaucoma drug; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
ethylenediamine ethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; edamine is the recommended contraction for the ethylenediamine radical. ethylenediamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine in which the alkane is ethane. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | alkane-alpha,omega-diamine | GABA agonist |
flufenamic acid Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders. | 3.33 | 7 | 0 | aromatic amino acid; organofluorine compound | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
fluphenazine [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines | anticoronaviral agent; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth. | 3.75 | 2 | 1 | nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide | environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic |
gabexate Gabexate: A serine proteinase inhibitor used therapeutically in the treatment of pancreatitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and as a regional anticoagulant for hemodialysis. The drug inhibits the hydrolytic effects of thrombin, plasmin, and kallikrein, but not of chymotrypsin and aprotinin. | 4.87 | 8 | 1 | benzoate ester | |
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS. | 5.17 | 6 | 2 | ||
glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5. | 4.45 | 23 | 0 | dialdehyde | cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative |
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea | anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent |
guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations. | 5.61 | 25 | 0 | methoxybenzenes | |
guanethidine Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid. | 3.46 | 2 | 0 | azocanes; guanidines | adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; sympatholytic agent |
guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines. | 4.87 | 35 | 0 | carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound | |
n-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines; sulfonamide | |
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines; N-sulfonylpiperazine | EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor |
ha 1004 N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines | |
halothane [no description available] | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
hexamethonium Hexamethonium: A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | quaternary ammonium salt | |
ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | phenanthridines | fluorochrome; intercalator |
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
hydroxyurea [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; ureas | antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent |
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine | 4.15 | 3 | 1 | monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic |
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline. | 3.19 | 6 | 0 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic |
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | dibenzoazepine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor |
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis. | 7.7 | 29 | 2 | aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole | analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic |
iodoacetamide [no description available] | 3.05 | 5 | 0 | ||
indolepropionic acid indolepropionic acid: structure in third source. 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid : An indol-3-yl carboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted by a 1H-indol-3-yl group at position 3. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | indol-3-yl carboxylic acid | auxin; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
iproniazid [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | carbohydrazide; pyridines | |
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine | |
isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC). | 3.96 | 4 | 0 | carbohydrazide | antitubercular agent; drug allergen |
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group. | 5.9 | 25 | 1 | secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol | protic solvent |
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders. | 4.3 | 20 | 0 | catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent |
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound | analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
khellin Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | furanochromone; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle | anti-asthmatic agent; bronchodilator agent; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent |
2-phenylglycine 2-phenylglycine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. alpha-phenylglycine : An amino acid with a structure in which a phenyl ring is bonded to the alpha-carbon of glycine. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | human metabolite |
lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers. | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor |
lauric acid dodecanoic acid : A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | algal metabolite; antibacterial agent; plant metabolite |
lomustine [no description available] | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles | angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist |
mefenamic acid Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. | 3.95 | 4 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound | analgesic; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
methacrylic acid methacrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methacrylic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a methyl group. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid | |
methiothepin Methiothepin: A serotonin receptor antagonist in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM used as an antipsychotic.. methiothepin : A dibenzothiepine that is 10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepine bearing additional methylthio and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 8 and 10 respectively. Potent 5-HT2 antagonist, also active as 5-HT1 antagonist. Differentiates 5-HT1D sub-types. Also displays affinity for rodent 5-HT5B, 5-HT5A, 5-HT7 and 5-HT6 receptors (pK1 values are 6.6, 7.0, 8.4 and 8.7 respectively). | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfide; dibenzothiepine; N-alkylpiperazine; tertiary amino compound | antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist |
methocarbamol Methocarbamol: A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206). methocarbamol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.. 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate : A carbamate ester that is glycerol in which one of the primary alcohol groups has been converted to its 2-methoxyphenyl ether while the other has been converted to the corresponding carbamate ester. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; carbamate ester; secondary alcohol | |
methoxsalen Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; psoralens | antineoplastic agent; cross-linking reagent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite |
nocodazole [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; thiophenes | antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator |
methyl methanesulfonate [no description available] | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | methanesulfonate ester | alkylating agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen |
metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic |
molsidomine Molsidomine: A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.. molsidomine : A member of the class of oxadiazoles that is 1,2,3-oxadiazole substituted by morpholin-4-yl and (ethoxycarbonyl)azanidyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is used as a vasodilator drug for the treatment of myocardial ischemic syndrome and congestive heart failure. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion | antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies. | 4.56 | 26 | 0 | maleimides | anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor |
n-formylmethionylphenylalanine [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | peptide | |
clorgyline Clorgyline: An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE.. clorgyline : An aromatic ether that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ether of 3-aminopropan-1-ol in which the nitrogen is substituted by a methyl group and a prop-1-yn-3-yl group. A monoamine oxidase inhibitor, it was formerly used as an antidepressant. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound | antidepressant; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor |
nafoxidine Nafoxidine: An estrogen antagonist that has been used in the treatment of breast cancer. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; naphthalenes; ring assembly | |
nalidixic acid [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | 1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
activins Activins: Activins are produced in the pituitary, gonads, and other tissues. By acting locally, they stimulate pituitary FSH secretion and have diverse effects on cell differentiation and embryonic development. Activins are glycoproteins that are hetero- or homodimers of INHIBIN-BETA SUBUNITS. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | ||
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5. | 3.77 | 2 | 1 | aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | |
oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease). | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound | drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin |
oxyphenbutazone Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. | 3.44 | 8 | 0 | phenols; pyrazolidines | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; drug metabolite; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite |
aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4. | 3.97 | 4 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; phenols | antitubercular agent |
fenclonine Fenclonine: A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | phenylalanine derivative | |
p-fluorophenylalanine p-Fluorophenylalanine: 3-(p-Fluorophenyl)-alanine.. 4-fluorophenylalanine : A phenylalanine derivative in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a fluoro group. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | fluoroamino acid; monofluorobenzenes; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine derivative | |
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines | antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent |
4-chlorophenol 4-chlorophenol: used as a root canal irrigant. 4-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol substituted at the pare position by a chlorine atom. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | monochlorophenol | |
pargyline Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties. | 3.98 | 4 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone | EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector |
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | GABAA receptor agonist |
pentoxifylline [no description available] | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | oxopurine | |
phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione | 3.04 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; aromatic ether | cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug |
phenindione Phenindione: An indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to WARFARIN, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p234) | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; beta-diketone | anticoagulant |
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups. | 3.97 | 4 | 0 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative |
phenolsulfonphthalein Phenolsulfonphthalein: Red dye, pH indicator, and diagnostic aid for determination of renal function. It is used also for studies of the gastrointestinal and other systems.. phenol red : 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups. A pH indicator changing colour from yellow below pH 6.8 to bright pink above pH 8.2, it is commonly used as an indicator in cell cultures and in home swimming pool test kits. It is also used in the (now infrequently performed) phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) test for estimation of overall blood flow through the kidney. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 2,1-benzoxathiole; arenesulfonate ester; phenols; sultone | acid-base indicator; diagnostic agent; two-colour indicator |
phenoxybenzamine Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position. | 10.34 | 19 | 0 | pyrazolidines | antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug |
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group. | 4.64 | 28 | 0 | acyl fluoride | serine proteinase inhibitor |
o-phthalaldehyde o-Phthalaldehyde: A reagent that forms fluorescent conjugation products with primary amines. It is used for the detection of many biogenic amines, peptides, and proteins in nanogram quantities in body fluids.. phthalaldehyde : A dialdehyde in which two formyl groups are attached to adjacent carbon centres on a benzene ring. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | benzaldehydes; dialdehyde | epitope |
pirenzepine Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients. | 4.32 | 2 | 2 | pyridobenzodiazepine | anti-ulcer drug; antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist |
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion. | 4.79 | 33 | 0 | inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt | fertilizer |
potassium iodide Potassium Iodide: An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed). potassium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals. | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | potassium salt | expectorant; radical scavenger |
4-aminobenzoic acid para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid. | 8.46 | 37 | 2 | aminobenzoate; aromatic amino-acid anion | Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively. | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor |
procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | benzamides | anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker |
procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol. | 4.25 | 19 | 0 | benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug |
proglumide Proglumide: A drug that exerts an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and reduces gastrointestinal motility. It is used clinically in the drug therapy of gastrointestinal ulcers.. proglumide : A racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-proglumide. A non-selective CCK antagonist that was used primarily for treatment of stomach ulcers, but has been replaced by newer drugs.. N(2)-benzoyl-N,N-dipropyl-alpha-glutamine : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of N-benzoylglutamic acid with dippropylamine. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | benzamides; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; glutamine derivative; racemate | anti-ulcer drug; cholecystokinin antagonist; cholinergic antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; drug metabolite; gastrointestinal drug; opioid analgesic; xenobiotic metabolite |
promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety. | 4.43 | 5 | 1 | phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative |
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3. | 4.77 | 10 | 0 | naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
protoporphyrin ix protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
saccharin Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | 1,2-benzisothiazole; N-sulfonylcarboxamide | environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic |
linsidomine linsidomine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | morpholines | |
sodium fluoride [no description available] | 3.22 | 6 | 0 | fluoride salt | mutagen |
sodium iodide Sodium Iodide: A compound forming white, odorless deliquescent crystals and used as iodine supplement, expectorant or in its radioactive (I-131) form as an diagnostic aid, particularly for thyroid function tests.. sodium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a Na(+) counterion. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt; iodide salt | |
iodoacetic acid Iodoacetic Acid: A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.. iodoacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an iodine atom. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | haloacetic acid; organoiodine compound | alkylating agent |
stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor |
sulfacetamide Sulfacetamide: An anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.. sulfacetamide : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | N-sulfonylcarboxamide; substituted aniline | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor |
sulfamethazine Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ligand; xenobiotic |
sulfanilamide [no description available] | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial agent; drug allergen; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
sulfathiazole Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position. | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
sulfisoxazole Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | isoxazoles; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial drug; drug allergen |
sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide | antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist |
telenzepine telenzepine: structure given in first source | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | benzodiazepine | |
tetracaine Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; tertiary amino compound | local anaesthetic |
krypton Krypton: A noble gas that is found in the atmosphere. It has the atomic symbol Kr, atomic number 36, atomic weight 83.80, and has been used in electric bulbs. | 2 | 1 | 0 | monoatomic krypton; noble gas atom; p-block element atom | |
tetrahydrozoline tetrahydrozoline: used as nasal decongestant; Visine is a form of eye drops; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | carboxamidine; imidazolines | nasal decongestant; sympathomimetic agent |
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | phthalimides; piperidones | |
ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine | anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position. | 4.25 | 3 | 0 | N-sulfonylurea | human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker |
tranexamic acid Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | amino acid | |
triamterene Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | pteridines | diuretic; sodium channel blocker |
trifluoperazine [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines | antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes | antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
trioxsalen Trioxsalen: Pigmenting photosensitizing agent obtained from several plants, mainly Psoralea corylifolia. It is administered either topically or orally in conjunction with ultraviolet light in the treatment of vitiligo.. lactone : Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.. antipsoriatic : A drug used to treat psoriasis.. trioxsalen : 7H-Furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which positions 2, 5, and 9 are substituted by methyl groups. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo. After photoactivation it creates interstrand cross-links in DNA, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division, and can lead to cell injury; recovery from the cell injury may be followed by increased melanisation of the epidermis. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | psoralens | dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent |
tropicamide Tropicamide: One of the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS with pharmacologic action similar to ATROPINE and used mainly as an ophthalmic parasympatholytic or mydriatic. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | acetamides | |
thenoyltrifluoroacetone Thenoyltrifluoroacetone: Chelating agent and inhibitor of cellular respiration. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
w 7 W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity | astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid |
hydrocortisone acetate hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | cortisol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | mitomycin | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
oxyphenonium Oxyphenonium: A quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent with peripheral side effects similar to those of ATROPINE. It is used as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer, and to relieve visceral spasms. The drug has also been used in the form of eye drops for mydriatic effect. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | acylcholine | |
corticosterone [no description available] | 4.3 | 6 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone. | 4.29 | 20 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic |
estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid | estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
lysergic acid diethylamide Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine. | 2.63 | 3 | 0 | ergoline alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound | dopamine agonist; hallucinogen; serotonergic agonist |
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. | 3.2 | 6 | 0 | alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic |
phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent |
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol). | 3.23 | 6 | 0 | glucitol | cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
alloxan Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | pyrimidone | hyperglycemic agent; metabolite |
thymidine [no description available] | 5.13 | 15 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
floxuridine Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent |
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group. | 3.96 | 14 | 0 | 4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions. | 3.46 | 8 | 0 | 2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine | antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone |
dibenzylchlorethamine Dibenzylchlorethamine: An alpha adrenergic antagonist. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | ||
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS. | 5.13 | 18 | 0 | ammonium salt; carbamate ester | cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic |
spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester | aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
aldosterone [no description available] | 8.67 | 10 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
pentolinium tartrate Pentolinium Tartrate: A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocking agent in hypertension.. pentolinium tartrate : The bitartrate salt of pentolinium. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | tartrate salt | antihypertensive agent |
penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine | antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen |
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid. | 4.3 | 6 | 0 | 11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
methoxyflurane angiotensin II amide: a diuretic peptide; from the central nervous system of the leech Erpobdella octoculata | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
azauridine Azauridine: A triazine nucleoside used as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis thereby preventing formation of cellular nucleic acids. As the triacetate, it is also effective as an antipsoriatic. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite |
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group. | 5.35 | 19 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope |
idoxuridine [no description available] | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | organoiodine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine. | 10.13 | 11 | 1 | pilocarpine | antiglaucoma drug |
dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide: A selective nicotinic cholinergic agonist used as a research tool. DMPP activates nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia but has little effect at the neuromuscular junction. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | N-arylpiperazine; organic iodide salt; piperazinium salt; quaternary ammonium salt | nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist |
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | |
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism. | 3.46 | 8 | 0 | 2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone |
isoflurophate Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM. | 8.12 | 136 | 0 | dialkyl phosphate | |
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | chlorocarbon; chloromethanes | hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant |
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2. | 7.57 | 109 | 0 | alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid | EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite |
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. | 9.09 | 227 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
desoxycorticosterone acetate Desoxycorticosterone Acetate: The 21-acetate derivative of desoxycorticosterone. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives. | 4.19 | 18 | 0 | C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid. | 8.41 | 97 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4. | 5.92 | 34 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine. | 14.5 | 215 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide. | 6.9 | 94 | 0 | pseudohalide anion | EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor |
chlorobutanol [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | tertiary alcohol | |
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | carbamate ester; indole alkaloid | antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic |
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar. | 6.05 | 39 | 0 | glycosyl glycoside | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
tubocurarine Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid | drug allergen; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist |
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes | carcinogenic agent |
aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. | 3.96 | 4 | 0 | pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound | antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
methyltestosterone Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; enone | anabolic agent; androgen; antineoplastic agent |
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position. | 5.32 | 56 | 0 | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
cephalothin Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | azabicycloalkene; beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative; thiophenes | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent |
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | tetrachlorophenol | xenobiotic metabolite |
uridine [no description available] | 4.39 | 22 | 0 | uridines | drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
uridine monophosphate Uridine Monophosphate: 5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. uridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components. | 3.2 | 6 | 0 | kanamycins | bacterial metabolite |
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose. | 11.75 | 23 | 3 | D-galactose; galactopyranose | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 3.79 | 2 | 1 | monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone | bacterial xenobiotic metabolite |
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug |
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive. | 5.7 | 84 | 0 | ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid | anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector |
tributyrin tributyrin: structure. tributyrin : A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by butyric acid. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | butyrate ester; triglyceride | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; prodrug; protective agent |
p-dimethylaminoazobenzene p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene: A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed) | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | azobenzenes | |
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring. | 9.47 | 335 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine | EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical |
phlorhizin [no description available] | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | aryl beta-D-glucoside; dihydrochalcones; monosaccharide derivative | antioxidant; plant metabolite |
adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position. | 3.98 | 14 | 0 | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical |
methicillin Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
cloxacillin Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug |
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties. | 3.75 | 11 | 0 | organic chloride salt | acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer |
4-toluenesulfonic acid 4-toluenesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; other RNs in 9th CI Form Index. toluene-4-sulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by a methyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | arenesulfonic acid; toluenes | |
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group. | 6.05 | 119 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
methacholine chloride Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116) | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | quaternary ammonium salt | |
2-aminoisobutyric acid 2-aminoisobutyric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2-aminoisobutyric acid : A rare, non-protein amino acid and end-product of pyrimidine metabolism, excreted in urine and found in some antibiotics of fungal origin. With the exception of a few bacteria, it is non-metabolisable, and therefore used in bioassays. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | 2,2-dialkylglycine zwitterion; 2,2-dialkylglycine | |
dimethylnitrosamine Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents. | 3.05 | 1 | 0 | nitrosamine | geroprotector; mutagen |
cytidine monophosphate Cytidine Monophosphate: Cytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. cytidine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
uridine triphosphate Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose. | 4.06 | 15 | 0 | lactose | |
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4. | 7.76 | 133 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group. | 9.4 | 272 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions. | 3.75 | 11 | 0 | alkaloid; colchicine | anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen |
cytidine [no description available] | 3.75 | 3 | 0 | cytidines | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
cytidine triphosphate Cytidine Triphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
n-hexanal [no description available] | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde | human urinary metabolite |
oxacillin Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta. | 3.2 | 6 | 0 | penicillin | antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug |
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. | 5.4 | 20 | 0 | antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor |
egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively. | 4.42 | 22 | 0 | diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid | chelator |
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. | 3.91 | 13 | 0 | chloromethanes; one-carbon compound | carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant |
gliotoxin Gliotoxin: A fungal toxin produced by various species of Trichoderma, Gladiocladium fimbriatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium. It is used as an immunosuppressive agent.. gliotoxin : A pyrazinoindole with a disulfide bridge spanning a dioxo-substituted pyrazine ring; mycotoxin produced by several species of fungi. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | dipeptide; organic disulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound; pyrazinoindole | antifungal agent; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; proteasome inhibitor |
sodium citrate, anhydrous Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | organic sodium salt | anticoagulant; flavouring agent |
dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups. | 3.59 | 9 | 0 | formamides; volatile organic compound | geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent |
cycloserine Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis). | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; zwitterion | antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antitubercular agent; metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist |
tubercidin Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.. tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; ribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite |
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group. | 3.9 | 13 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
mannitol [no description available] | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | mannitol | allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent |
dithionitrobenzoic acid Dithionitrobenzoic Acid: A standard reagent for the determination of reactive sulfhydryl groups by absorbance measurements. It is used primarily for the determination of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in proteins. The color produced is due to the formation of a thio anion, 3-carboxyl-4-nitrothiophenolate.. dithionitrobenzoic acid : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid. An indicator used to quantify the number or concentration of thiol groups. | 4.16 | 17 | 0 | nitrobenzoic acid; organic disulfide | indicator |
phenacyl bromide phenacyl bromide: structure. phenacyl bromide : An alpha-bromoketone that is acetophenone substituted by a bromo group at position 2. | 7.36 | 2 | 0 | acetophenones; alpha-bromoketone | metabolite |
ornithine Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5. | 3.05 | 5 | 0 | non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; ornithine | algal metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; mouse metabolite |
dinitrofluorobenzene Dinitrofluorobenzene: Irritants and reagents for labeling terminal amino acid groups.. 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : The organofluorine compound that is benzene with a fluoro substituent at the 1-position and two nitro substituents in the 2- and 4-positions. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | C-nitro compound; organofluorine compound | agrochemical; allergen; chromatographic reagent; EC 2.7.3.2 (creatine kinase) inhibitor; protein-sequencing agent; spectrophotometric reagent |
asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group. | 5.09 | 45 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. | 8.99 | 206 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
n-pentanol n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia. | 2 | 1 | 0 | pentanol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol | human metabolite; plant metabolite |
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine. | 6.76 | 48 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group. | 6.59 | 40 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
mestranol [no description available] | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; aromatic ether; terminal acetylenic compound | prodrug; xenoestrogen |
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3. | 9.65 | 293 | 0 | erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan | antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
isoleucine Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine. | 10.19 | 50 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; isoleucine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. | 7.76 | 220 | 0 | arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
ethylene Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | alkene; gas molecular entity | plant hormone; refrigerant |
acetylene [no description available] | 8.45 | 2 | 0 | alkyne; gas molecular entity; terminal acetylenic compound | |
methyl chloride Methyl Chloride: A hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent. It has been used as an aerosal propellent, as a refrigerant and as a local anesthetic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p1403). chlorocarbon : Compounds consisting wholly of chlorine and carbon.. chloromethane : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a chloro group. | 4.17 | 5 | 0 | chloromethanes; methyl halides | marine metabolite; mutagen; refrigerant |
methyl iodide methyl iodide: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd with MF of CH3-I. iodomethane : A member of the class of iodomethanes that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by iodine. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | iodomethanes; methyl halides | fumigant insecticide |
methylamine methyl group : An alkyl group that is the univalent group derived from methane by removal of a hydrogen atom. | 4.12 | 16 | 0 | methylamines; one-carbon compound; primary aliphatic amine | mouse metabolite |
boranes Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | boranes; mononuclear parent hydride | |
propane Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | alkane; gas molecular entity | food propellant |
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group. | 4.15 | 16 | 0 | aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent |
methylene chloride Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea. | 2.8 | 3 | 0 | chloromethanes; volatile organic compound | carcinogenic agent; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant |
ethylene oxide Ethylene Oxide: A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794). oxirane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. | 3.47 | 8 | 0 | gas molecular entity; oxacycle; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent | allergen; mouse metabolite; mutagen |
propylene oxide propylene oxide: structure. 1,2-epoxypropane : An epoxide that is oxirane substituted by a methyl group at position 2. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | epoxide | |
tetramethylammonium tetramethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. tetramethylammonium : The simplest quaternary ammonium cation, comprising a central nitrogen linked to four methyl groups. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | |
tert-butyl alcohol tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | tertiary alcohol | human xenobiotic metabolite |
trifluoroethanol Trifluoroethanol: A non-aqueous co-solvent that serves as tool to study protein folding. It is also used in various pharmaceutical, chemical and engineering applications. | 3.71 | 10 | 0 | fluoroalcohol | |
tert-butylhydroperoxide tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes. | 3.14 | 5 | 0 | alkyl hydroperoxide | antibacterial agent; oxidising agent |
trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine. | 4.55 | 26 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound | carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | fluoroalkanoic acid | human xenobiotic metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; reagent |
triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections. | 3.22 | 6 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug |
divinyl sulfone divinyl sulfone: cross-linking reagent for agarose gels. divinyl sulfone : A sulfone compound having two S-vinyl substituents. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | sulfone | cross-linking reagent |
tromethamine Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424) | 3.65 | 10 | 0 | primary amino compound; triol | buffer |
tetraethoxysilane [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound | plant metabolite |
2-butanol 2-butanol: RN given is for parent cpd without isomeric designation. butan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is butane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | secondary alcohol | |
chloroacetyl chloride [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | acyl halide | |
acrylamide [no description available] | 3.35 | 7 | 0 | acrylamides; N-acylammonia; primary carboxamide | alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; Maillard reaction product; mutagen; neurotoxin |
acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group. | 3.67 | 9 | 0 | alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid | metabolite |
n-methylacetamide N-methylacetamide: RN given refers to parent cpd. N-methylacetamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the N-methyl derivative of acetamide. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; monocarboxylic acid amide | metabolite |
methyl acetate methyl acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of acetic acid with methanol. A low-boiling (57 degreeC) colourless, flammable liquid, it is used as a solvent for many resins and oils. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; methyl ester; volatile organic compound | EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; fragrance; polar aprotic solvent |
peracetic acid Peracetic Acid: A liquid that functions as a strong oxidizing agent. It has an acrid odor and is used as a disinfectant.. peracetic acid : A peroxy acid that is acetic acid in which the OH group is substituted by a hydroperoxy group. It is a versatile oxidising agent that is used as a disinfectant. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | a peroxy acid | disinfectant; oxidising agent |
bisphenol a 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | bisphenol | endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic; xenoestrogen |
dehydrocholic acid Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton. | 2.63 | 3 | 0 | 12-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-5beta-steroid; 7-oxo steroid; oxo-5beta-cholanic acid | gastrointestinal drug |
taurocholic acid Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals. | 3.05 | 5 | 0 | amino sulfonic acid; bile acid taurine conjugate | human metabolite |
rhodamine b rhodamine B: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7973; TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE was see RHODAMINES 1975-93; use RHODAMINES to search TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE 1975-93. rhodamine B : An organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt; xanthene dye | fluorescent probe; fluorochrome; histological dye |
cyclizine Cyclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935). cyclizine : An N-alkylpiperazine in which one nitrogen of the piperazine ring is substituted by a methyl group, while the other is substituted by a diphenylmethyl group. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine | antiemetic; central nervous system depressant; cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic |
skatole [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | methylindole | human metabolite; mammalian metabolite |
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone. | 3.05 | 5 | 0 | 6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic |
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones | antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin |
penicillin v Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | |
penicillanic acid Penicillanic Acid: A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). penicillanic acid : A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | penicillanic acids | |
xylitol xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues. | 3.41 | 1 | 1 | ||
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source | 3.45 | 8 | 0 | pyrrolidin-2-ones | |
pyromellitic dianhydride [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
salicylaldehyde o-hydroxybenzaldehyde: structure in first source | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | hydroxybenzaldehyde | nematicide; plant metabolite |
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene | |
isatin tribulin: endogenous MONOAMINE OXIDASE inhibitory activity extractable into ethyl acetate found in brain and many mammalian tissues and fluids; ISATIN is a major component; produced in excess following alcohol withdrawal; | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | indoledione | EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
tolonium chloride Tolonium Chloride: A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.. tolonium chloride : An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion. It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
pyronine Pyronine: Xanthene dye used as a bacterial and biological stain. Synonyms: Pyronin; Pyronine G; Pyronine Y. Use also for Pyronine B. which is diethyl-rather than dimethylamino-.. pyronin Y : An organic chloride salt having 6-(dimethylamino)-N,N-dimethyl-3H-xanthen-3-iminium as the cation. Used with methyl green to selectively demonstrate RNA (red) in contrast to DNA (green) with the Unna-Pappenheim method. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | iminium salt; organic chloride salt | histological dye |
diphenyl diphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic fungicide; benzenes; biphenyls | antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative |
proflavine Proflavine: Topical antiseptic used mainly in wound dressings.. 3,6-diaminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine that is substituted by amino groups at positions 3 and 6. A slow-acting bacteriostat that is effective against many Gram-positive bacteria (but ineffective against spores), its salts were formerly used for treatment of burns and infected wounds. | 9.1 | 16 | 0 | aminoacridines | antibacterial agent; antiseptic drug; carcinogenic agent; chromophore; intercalator |
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | xanthene | |
phenothiazine 10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | phenothiazine | ferroptosis inhibitor; plant metabolite; radical scavenger |
benzidine benzidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzidine : A member of the class of biphenyls that is 1,1'-biphenyl in which the hydrogen at the para-position of each phenyl group has been replaced by an amino group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | biphenyls; substituted aniline | carcinogenic agent |
2-naphthoic acid 2-naphthoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthoic acid : A naphthoic acid that is naphthalene carrying a carboxy group at position 2. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | naphthoic acid | mouse metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite |
1,3-dimethylurea N,N'-dimethylurea : A member of the class of ureas that is urea substituted by methyl groups at positions 1 and 3. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ureas | |
4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | butan-4-olide | metabolite; neurotoxin |
soman Soman: An organophosphorus compound that inhibits cholinesterase. It causes seizures and has been used as a chemical warfare agent. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | phosphonic ester | |
ethyl lactate ethyl lactate: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate : The ethyl ester obtained of 2-hydroxypropanoic acid. | 6.93 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; lactate ester; secondary alcohol | metabolite |
ethylene dimethacrylate ethylene glycol dimethacrylate : The enoate ester that is the 1,2-bis(methacryloyl) derivative of ethylene glycol. | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | enoate ester | allergen; cross-linking reagent; polymerisation monomer |
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration. | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | 5-oxoproline; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | algal metabolite |
nitrobenzene nitrobenzene : A nitroarene consisting of benzene carrying a single nitro substituent. An industrial chemical used widely in the production of aniline. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | nitroarene; nitrobenzenes | |
trehalose alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon. | 3.4 | 7 | 0 | trehalose | Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
sym-trinitrobenzene Trinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with three nitro groups in any position.. 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene : A trinitrobenzene in which each of the nitro groups is meta- to the other two. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | trinitrobenzene | explosive |
4-nitroaniline [no description available] | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | nitroaniline | bacterial xenobiotic metabolite |
4-anisic acid 4-methoxybenzoic acid: structure in first source. 4-methoxybenzoic acid : A methoxybenzoic acid substituted with a methoxy group at position C-4. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzoic acid | plant metabolite |
2-diethylaminoethanol 2-diethylaminoethanol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. 2-diethylaminoethanol : A member of the class of ethanolamines that is aminoethanol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by ethyl groups. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ethanolamines; primary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | |
styrene Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | styrenes; vinylarene; volatile organic compound | mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite |
phenylhydrazine [no description available] | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | phenylhydrazines | xenobiotic |
pyridostigmine bromide Pyridostigmine Bromide: A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | pyridinium salt | |
phenylisothiocyanate phenylisothiocyanate: structure. phenyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenyl group attached to the nitrogen; used for amino acid sequencing in the Edman degradation. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | isothiocyanate | allergen; reagent |
betazole Betazole: A histamine H2 agonist used clinically to test gastric secretory function.. betazole : Pyrazole in which a hydrogen adjacent to one of the nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group. It is a histamine H2-receptor agonist used clinically to test gastric secretory function. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | primary amino compound; pyrazoles | diagnostic agent; gastrointestinal drug; histamine agonist |
epichlorohydrin Epichlorohydrin: A chlorinated epoxy compound used as an industrial solvent. It is a strong skin irritant and carcinogen.. epichlorohydrin : An epoxide that is 1,2-epoxypropene in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by chlorine. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | epoxide; organochlorine compound | |
glycidyl methacrylate glycidyl methacrylate: RN given refers to monomer. glycidyl methacrylate : An enoate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of methacrylic acid with the hydroxy group of glycidol. | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | enoate ester; epoxide | |
allyl glycidyl ether [no description available] | 7.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
glyoxal [no description available] | 5.09 | 14 | 0 | dialdehyde | agrochemical; allergen; pesticide; plant growth regulator |
sarin Sarin: An organophosphorus ester compound that produces potent and irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase. It is toxic to the nervous system and is a chemical warfare agent.. isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate : A phosphinic ester that is the isopropyl ester of methylphosphonofluoridic acid.. sarin : A racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-sarin. A potent and irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase that is toxic to the nervous system and is employed as a chemical warfare agent. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | fluorine molecular entity; phosphinic ester | |
2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | alkane | |
diisopropyl ether [no description available] | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
acetic anhydride acetic anhydride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. acetic anhydride : An acyclic carboxylic anhydride derived from acetic acid. | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | acyclic carboxylic anhydride | metabolite; reagent |
succinic anhydride [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; tetrahydrofurandione | |
maleic anhydride Maleic Anhydrides: Used in copolymerization reactions, in the Diels-Alder(diene)synthesis, in the preparation of resins, pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. It is a powerful irritant and causes burns.. maleic anhydride : A cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of maleic acid. | 8.06 | 5 | 0 | cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; furans | allergen |
melamine melamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. melamine : A trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | triamino-1,3,5-triazine | xenobiotic metabolite |
cyclohexanol Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol | solvent |
pentane Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms. | 3.05 | 1 | 0 | alkane; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent; refrigerant |
vinyl ether vinyl ether: major descriptor (65-85); on-line search VINYL COMPOUNDS (66-85); Index Medicus search VINYL ETHER (65-85) | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ether | |
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. | 10.23 | 12 | 1 | pyrrole; secondary amine | |
tetrahydrofuran oxolane : A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | cyclic ether; oxolanes; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; volatile organic compound | polar aprotic solvent |
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring. | 3.77 | 11 | 0 | mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
2,5-hexanedione 2,5-hexanedione: metabolite of methyl-n-butyl ketone. 2,5-hexanedione : A diketone that is hexane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 5. It is a toxic metabolite of hexane and of 2-hexanone | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | diketone; methyl ketone | human xenobiotic metabolite; neurotoxin |
n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
n-hexane hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | alkane; volatile organic compound | neurotoxin; non-polar solvent |
1,4-butanediol butane-1,4-diol : A butanediol that is butane in which one hydrogen of each of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. A colourless, water-miscible, viscous liquid at room temperature (m.p. 16degreeC) with a high boiling point (230degreeC), it is mainly used for the production of other organic chemicals, particularly the solvent oxolane (also known as tetrahydrofuran or THF). | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | butanediol; glycol | neurotoxin; prodrug; protic solvent |
piperidine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | azacycloalkane; piperidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; secondary amine | base; catalyst; human metabolite; non-polar solvent; plant metabolite; protic solvent; reagent |
n-butoxyethanol n-butoxyethanol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2-butoxyethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a butoxy group. A high-boiling (171degreeC) colourless liquid, it is used as a solvent for paints and inks, as well as in some dry cleaning solutions. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | glycol ether; primary alcohol | protic solvent |
dodecyltrimethylammonium dodecyltrimethylammonium: used to determine thermal stability of DNA; RN given refers to parent cpd. dodecyltrimethylammonium ion : A quarternary ammonium cation having one dodecyl and three methyl substituents around the central nitrogen. | 7.39 | 2 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | |
undecanoic acid undecanoic acid : A straight-chain, eleven-carbon saturated medium-chain fatty acid found in body fluids; the most fungitoxic of the C7:0 - C18:0 fatty acid series.. undecanoate : A medium-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of undecanoic acid; used in tandem with testosterone cation in the treatment of male hypogonadism. Major species at pH 7.3. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | antifungal agent; human metabolite |
palmitoyl chloride [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
stearoyl chloride [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
dicofol Dicofol: An organochlorine insecticide.. dicofol : A tertiary alcohol that is DDT in which the benzylic hydrogen has been replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine acaricide; tertiary alcohol | |
3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol : A secondary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted by two methyl groups at the 3-position and one methyl group at the 5-position. It exhibits inhibitory activity against HMG-CoA reductase ( EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88). | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol | EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor |
diethylhexyl phthalate Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | diester; phthalate ester | androstane receptor agonist; apoptosis inhibitor; plasticiser |
isatoic anhydride isatoic anhydride: structure given in first source | 7.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
4-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoate 4-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoate: binds to cytochrome c; used chlorobenzoates because the chlorine is the reactive group; structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B. | 9.47 | 24 | 0 | aminoglycoside | allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite |
captan Captan: One of the phthalimide fungicides.. captan : A dicarboximide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydrophthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethyl group. A non-systemic fungicide introduced in the 1950s, it is widely used for the control of fungal diseases in fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | isoindoles; organochlorine compound; organosulfur compound; phthalimide fungicide | antifungal agrochemical |
iodohippuric acid Iodohippuric Acid: An iodine-containing compound used in pyelography as a radiopaque medium. If labeled with radioiodine, it can be used for studies of renal function.. 2-iodohippuric acid : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-iodobenzoic acid with the amino group of glycine. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; N-acylglycine; organoiodine compound | |
uridine diphosphate glucose Uridine Diphosphate Glucose: A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.. UDP-alpha-D-glucose : The alpha-anomer of UDP-alpha-D-glucose. It is used in nucleotide sugars metabolism. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | UDP-D-glucose | fundamental metabolite |
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent. | 3.66 | 10 | 0 | naphthol | antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger |
dodecyl sulfate dodecyl sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE | 2 | 1 | 0 | alkyl sulfate | |
ethyl acetate ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | acetate ester; ethyl ester; volatile organic compound | EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; metabolite; polar aprotic solvent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
hexanoic acid hexanoic acid : A C6, straight-chain saturated fatty acid. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | human metabolite; plant metabolite |
iminodiacetic acid iminodiacetic acid: used as hepatobiliary imaging agent when labeled with Tc; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. iminodiacetic acid : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a carboxymethyl group. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | amino dicarboxylic acid; glycine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | chelator |
n-heptane Heptanes: Seven-carbon alkanes with the formula C7H16.. heptane : A straight-chain alkane with seven carbon atoms. It has been found in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi). | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | alkane; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent; plant metabolite |
pregnenolone [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; C21-steroid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
diphenhydramine hydrochloride Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | hydrochloride; organoammonium salt | anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; sedative |
1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid disodium salt Chymopapain: A cysteine endopeptidase isolated from papaya latex. Preferential cleavage at glutamic and aspartic acid residues. EC 3.4.22.6. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | organosulfur compound; sulfonic acid derivative | |
aziridine [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | azacycloalkane; aziridines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent | alkylating agent |
o,o,s-trimethyl phosphorothioate [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite. | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | catechin | antioxidant; plant metabolite |
thiamine pyrophosphate Thiamine Pyrophosphate: The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.. thiamine(1+) diphosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) diphosphate. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | organic chloride salt; vitamin B1 | |
homoarginine L-homoarginine : An L-lysine derivative that is the L-enantiomer of homoarginine. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | homoarginine; L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | biomarker; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; human metabolite; rat metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite |
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines | |
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom. | 6.18 | 45 | 0 | acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene | genotoxin |
adamantane Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | adamantanes; polycyclic alkane | |
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom. | 3.97 | 14 | 0 | 1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
thiazoles [no description available] | 4.44 | 22 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms. | 7.12 | 19 | 1 | diazine; pyrazines | Daphnia magna metabolite |
nitroblue tetrazolium Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | organic cation | |
ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively. | 2.85 | 4 | 0 | phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines | bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic |
diiodotyrosine Diiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of MONOIODOTYROSINE. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, diiodotyrosine residues are coupled with other monoiodotyrosine or diiodotyrosine residues to form T4 or T3 thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE).. diiodotyrosine : A dihalogenated L-tyrosine which has two iodo-substituents on the benzyl moiety.. 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine : A diiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying iodo-substituents at positions C-3 and C-5 of the benzyl group. It is an intermediate in the thyroid hormone synthesis. | 3.33 | 7 | 0 | diiodotyrosine; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups. | 11.76 | 48 | 0 | azane; hydrazines | EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor |
chlormadinone acetate Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL). | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
benactyzine Benactyzine: A centrally acting muscarinic antagonist. Benactyzine has been used in the treatment of depression and is used in research to investigate the role of cholinergic systems on behavior. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
benzoylarginine-2-naphthylamide Benzoylarginine-2-Naphthylamide: An enzyme substrate which permits the measurement of peptide hydrolase activity, e.g. trypsin and thrombin. The enzymes liberate 2-naphthylamine, which is measured by colorimetric procedures.. N-{5-carbamimidamido-1-[(naphthalen-2-yl)amino]-1-oxopentan-2-yl}benzamide : A member of the class of N-(2-naphthyl)carboxamides that is 5-carbamimidamido-N-(naphthalen-2-yl)pentanamide in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a benzamido group. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | arginine derivative; benzamides; N-(2-naphthyl)carboxamide | |
paraoxon [no description available] | 2.85 | 4 | 0 | aryl dialkyl phosphate; organophosphate insecticide | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite |
aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio. | 2.85 | 4 | 0 | mixture | bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug |
diazomethane Diazomethane: A diazonium compound with the formula CH2N2.. diazomethane : The simplest diazo compound, in which a diazo group is attached to a methylene group. | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | diazo compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; poison |
perfluorooctanoic acid perfluorooctanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. perfluorooctanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated octanoic acid. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | fluoroalkanoic acid | carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; surfactant; xenobiotic |
aminoimidazole carboxamide Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide : An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aminoimidazole; monocarboxylic acid amide | mouse metabolite |
methysergide Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches. | 2.85 | 4 | 0 | ergoline alkaloid | |
thymidine monophosphate Thymidine Monophosphate: 5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety.. dTMP : The neutral species of thymidine 5'-monophosphate (2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate). | 2 | 1 | 0 | thymidine 5'-monophosphate | fundamental metabolite |
mipafox mipafox: structure | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | phosphoramide | |
citrulline citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; citrulline | Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; protective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724) | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent |
lithocholic acid Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid. | 4.28 | 1 | 1 | bile acid; C24-steroid; monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
nandrolone Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid | human metabolite |
4-toluenesulfonyl fluoride 4-toluenesulfonyl fluoride: inhibitor of peptide hydrolases; structure in second source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
hydantoins Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4. | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione | |
fluorobenzenes Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group. | 3.06 | 5 | 0 | monofluorobenzenes | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoate | mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound | antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent |
chenodeoxycholic acid Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3. | 4.28 | 1 | 1 | bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
glycocholic acid Glycocholic Acid: The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.. glycocholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component.. glycocholate : A cholanic acid conjugate anion that is the conjugate base of glycocholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | bile acid glycine conjugate | human metabolite |
fusarium Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA. | 3.27 | 6 | 0 | ||
cdta CDTA: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | organooxygen compound | |
emetine Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline | antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid | antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist |
benzohydroxamic acid [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
dithiol dithiol: structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
sodium carbonate sodium carbonate: used topically for dermatitides, mouthwash, vaginal douche; veterinary use as emergency emetic; RN given refers to carbonic acid, di-Na salt; structure | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | carbonate salt; organic sodium salt | |
dipicolinic acid dipicolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying two carboxy groups at positions 2 and 6. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | pyridinedicarboxylic acid | bacterial metabolite |
alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
1,3-propanediol propane-1,3-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,3-diols, consisting of propane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by a hydroxy group. A colourless, viscous, water-miscible liquid with a high (210degreeC) boiling point, it is used in the synthesis of certain polymers and as a solvent and antifreeze. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | propane-1,3-diols | metabolite; protic solvent |
thiazolidines Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | thiazolidine | |
cyanogen bromide Cyanogen Bromide: Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes. | 8.84 | 391 | 0 | ||
tetranitromethane [no description available] | 3.46 | 8 | 0 | organonitrogen compound | |
hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. | 4.87 | 4 | 2 | 3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside | mutagen |
psilocybin Psilocybin: The major of two hallucinogenic components of Teonanacatl, the sacred mushroom of Mexico, the other component being psilocin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). psilocybin : A tryptamine alkaloid that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine carrying an additional phosphoryloxy substituent at position 4. The major hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from Psilocybe mushrooms (also known as Teonanacatl or "magic mushrooms"). | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | organic phosphate; tertiary amino compound; tryptamine alkaloid | fungal metabolite; hallucinogen; prodrug; serotonergic agonist |
dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid | androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
luminol Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
ricinine [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | nitrile; pyridine alkaloid; pyridone | |
flavone flavone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure given in first source. flavone : The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | flavones | metabolite; nematicide |
chlormethiazole Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors. | 2 | 1 | 0 | thiazoles | |
tropolone Tropolone: A seven-membered aromatic ring compound. It is structurally related to a number of naturally occurring antifungal compounds (ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS).. tropolone : A cyclic ketone that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is a toxin produced by the agricultural pathogen Burkholderia plantarii. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | alpha-hydroxy ketone; cyclic ketone; enol | bacterial metabolite; fungicide; toxin |
methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | amphetamines; secondary amine | central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic |
tricaprylin tricaprylin: 13C-labeled trioctanoin used in breath tests to detect fat malabsorption. trioctanoin : A triglyceride obtained by acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by octanoic acid. Used as an alternative energy source to glucose for patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | octanoate ester; triglyceride | anticonvulsant; plant metabolite |
dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide : A carbodiimide compound having a cyclohexyl substituent on both nitrogen atoms. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | carbodiimide | ATP synthase inhibitor; cross-linking reagent; peptide coupling reagent |
ethylene bromohydrin ethylene bromohydrin: RN given refers to 2-bromo cpd | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
aminoacetonitrile Aminoacetonitrile: Cyanomethylamine. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
2,2,4-trimethylpentane 2,2,4-trimethylpentane: nephrotoxic. isooctane : An alkane that consists of pentane bearing two methyl substituents at position 2 and a single methyl substituent at position 4. | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | alkane; volatile organic compound | fuel additive; nephrotoxin; non-polar solvent |
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form. | 4.49 | 5 | 1 | dialdehyde | biomarker |
myristic acid Myristic Acid: A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed). tetradecanoic acid : A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat.. tetradecanoate : A long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of myristic acid; major species at pH 7.3. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite |
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions. | 3.77 | 11 | 0 | arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound | epitope; explosive; reagent |
eosine yellowish-(ys) Eosine Yellowish-(YS): A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.. eosin YS dye : An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | organic sodium salt; organobromine compound | fluorochrome; histological dye |
phenalen-1-one phenalen-1-one: fossil fuel combustion product | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
hematoporphyrin Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
neutral red Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator |
4-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate 4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate: A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | arenesulfonic acid; arylmercury compound | |
glycylglycine [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide | human metabolite |
glycidol glycidol: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | epoxide; primary alcohol | |
diepoxybutane diepoxybutane: difunctional alkylating agent; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | epoxide | mutagen |
congo red Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.. Congo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0. | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | bis(azo) compound | |
docusate Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid: All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt. | 4.43 | 22 | 0 | diester; organosulfonic acid | |
3-hydroxyflavone 3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | flavonols; monohydroxyflavone | |
6-aminoquinoline [no description available] | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
2-naphthylacetic acid 2-naphthylacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthylacetic acid : A naphthylacetic acid carrying a carboxy group at position 2. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | naphthylacetic acid | |
succinimide succinimide: RN given refers to parent cpd. succinimide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine which is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 5. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone | |
levulinic acid levulinic acid: inhibits 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5316. 4-oxopentanoic acid : An oxopentanoic acid with the oxo group in the 4-position. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | oxopentanoic acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | plant metabolite |
allyl sulfide allyl sulfide: essence of garlic; inhibits CYP2E1 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | organic sulfide | |
octadecane octadecane: RN given refers to parent cpd. octadecane : A straight-chain alkane carrying 18 carbon atoms. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | long-chain alkane | bacterial metabolite; plant metabolite |
fluoromethane fluoromethane: RN given refers to parent cpd. fluorocarbon : Compounds consisting wholly of fluorine and carbon.. fluoromethane : A member of the class of fluoromethanes that is methane in which a single hydrogen is substituted by a fluorine atom. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | fluorohydrocarbon; fluoromethanes; methyl halides | refrigerant |
2,2-dimethylmalonate dimethylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which both methylene hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid | fatty acid synthesis inhibitor |
trimecaine Trimecaine: Acetanilide derivative used as a local anesthetic. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | amino acid amide | |
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine. | 6.94 | 23 | 1 | acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary |
4-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
glycine ethyl ester glycine ethyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
c.i. 42510 Rosaniline Dyes: Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.. basic fuchsin : A four-component mixture of chemically related dyes comprising pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin in varying amounts. rosanilin : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalic acid anhydride 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalic acid anhydride: RN given refers to cpd with locants as specified | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | cyclic ketone; erythromycin | |
homoserine homoserine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine substituted at the alpha-position by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.. L-homoserine : The L-enantiomer of homoserine. | 9.31 | 6 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; homoserine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
2-piperidone 2-piperidone: structure given in first source. piperidin-2-one : A delta-lactam that is piperidine which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | delta-lactam; piperidones | EC 1.2.1.88 (L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor |
tetramethoxysilane [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
hexafluoroacetone hexafluoroacetone: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd. hexafluoroacetone : A ketone that is acetone in which all the methyl hydrogens are replaced by fluoro groups. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ketone; perfluorinated compound | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
methylnitrosourea Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | N-nitrosoureas | alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; teratogenic agent |
2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride [no description available] | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | butenolide | |
acryloyl chloride [no description available] | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | ||
4-nitrophenyl acetate [no description available] | 8.91 | 13 | 0 | C-nitro compound; phenyl acetates | |
naphthyl acetate naphthyl acetate: do not confuse with naphthaleneacetic acid; acetic acid ester of naphthol | 7.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
ethyl n-alpha-acetyl-tyrosinate ethyl N-alpha-acetyl-tyrosinate: RN given refers to parent cpd. ethyl N-acetyl-L-tyrosinate : An L-tyrosine derivative that is the ethyl ester of N-acetyltyrosine. | 4.16 | 17 | 0 | acetamides; ethyl ester; L-tyrosine derivative; phenols | |
hydroxyethyl methacrylate hydroxyethyl methacrylate: many of cited refs are for gel which refers to polymeric form of above cpd: POLYHYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate : An enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | enoate ester | allergen; polymerisation monomer |
vinylene carbonate [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
n-methylpyrrolidone 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one: structure in first source. N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one : A member of the class of pyrrolidine-2-ones that is pyrrolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | lactam; N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidin-2-ones | polar aprotic solvent |
benzoylarginine nitroanilide Benzoylarginine Nitroanilide: A chromogenic substrate that permits direct measurement of peptide hydrolase activity, e.g., papain and trypsin, by colorimetry. The substrate liberates p-nitroaniline as a chromogenic product. | 5.03 | 13 | 0 | ||
hexafluoroisopropanol 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol : An organofluorine compound formed by substitution of all the methyl protons in propan-2-ol by fluorine. It is a metabolite of inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound; secondary alcohol | drug metabolite |
dodecylamine dodecylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | primary aliphatic amine | |
1-methylpyridinium 1-methylpyridinium: RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | methylpyridines | |
methidathion methidathion: widely used on citrus, tobacco, alfalfa, cotton, sorghum & several other crops | 2 | 1 | 0 | organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide | acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor |
deoxyuridine [no description available] | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
2,6-dichloroindophenol 2,6-Dichloroindophenol: A dye used as a reagent in the determination of vitamin C.. 2,6-dichloroindophenol : A quinone imine that is indophenol substituted by chloro groups at positions 2 and 6.. N-3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl-1,4-benzoquinone imine : 1,4-benzoquinone imine having a 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl substituent attached to the nitrogen atom. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; quinone imine | |
isodesmosine Isodesmosine: 2-(4-Amino-4-carboxybutyl)-1-(5-amino-5-carboxypentyl)-3,5-bis(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)pyridinium. A rare amino acid found in elastin, formed by condensation of four molecules of lysine into a pyridinium ring.. isodesmosine : A pyridinium ion obtained by formal condensation of four molecules of lysine. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | lysine derivative; pyridinium ion | biomarker |
hexamethylsilazane hexamethylsilazane: RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | N-silyl compound | chromatographic reagent |
allylglycine Allylglycine: An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase and an antagonist of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. It is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
phenylglyoxal [no description available] | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | phenylacetaldehydes | |
tetradecyltrimethylammonium tetradecyltrimethylammonium: cationic surfactant; used to determine thermal stability of DNA; Catrimox-14 is the tradename of the oxalate; Catrimox-14 lyses cells and simultaneously precipitates RNA and was demonstrated useful in isolating RNA from whole blood | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
4-dimethylaminopyridine 4-dimethylaminopyridine: catalyst for acetylation of hydroxy cpds; structure | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound | |
methyltrimethoxysilane [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH). | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
potassium hydroxide potassium hydroxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-OH | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | alkali metal hydroxide | |
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 4.09 | 16 | 0 | alkali metal hydroxide | |
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | zinc molecular entity | |
arsenic trioxide Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | ||
hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric Acid: Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.. hydrogen fluoride : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms.. organofluorine compound : An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond. | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
ammonium hydroxide Ammonium Hydroxide: The hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution.. ammonium hydroxide : A solution of ammonia in water. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | inorganic hydroxy compound | food acidity regulator |
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | glycopeptide | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite |
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils. | 3.06 | 5 | 0 | alpha-tocopherol | algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite |
selenomethionine [no description available] | 3.05 | 1 | 0 | selenoamino acid; selenomethionines | plant metabolite |
2,4-dinitrothiocyanatobenzene 2,4-dinitro-1-thiocyanatobenzene : A thiocyanate compound having a 2,4-dinitrophenyl group attached to the sulfur atom. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; thiocyanates | hapten; tolerogen |
metaxalone [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
ethyldimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide: Carbodiimide cross-linking reagent. | 3.76 | 11 | 0 | ||
tetrachloroisophthalonitrile tetrachloroisophthalonitrile: structure. chlorothalonil : A dinitrile that is benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile substituted by four chloro groups. A non-systemic fungicide first introduced in the 1960s, it is used to control a range of diseases in a wide variety of crops. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | aromatic fungicide; dinitrile; tetrachlorobenzene | antifungal agrochemical |
2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate 2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
orange g orange G : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 7-hydroxy-8-[(E)-phenyldiazenyl]naphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid. It is often combined with other yellow dyes in alcoholic solution to stain erythrocytes in trichrome methods, and is used for demonstrating cells in the pancreas and pituitary. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
tetrabutylammonium tetrabutylammonium: lipophilic probe; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | |
dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide | cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic |
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. | 3.39 | 7 | 0 | aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines | diuretic; sodium channel blocker |
diallyl disulfide diallyl disulfide: major constituent of garlic oil. diallyl disulfide : An organic disulfide where the organic group specified is allyl. It has been isolated from garlic and other species of the genus Allium. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | organic disulfide | antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
n-isopropylacrylamide N-isopropylacrylamide: can polymerize with glycidyl acrylate to form reactive water-soluble polymer that can react with the amino groups of enzymes-proteins or other ligands | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | 2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye | fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium |
mirex Mirex: An organochlorine insecticide that is carcinogenic. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | chlorocarbon; organochlorine insecticide | persistent organic pollutant |
thioflavin t thioflavin T: RN given refers to chloride; structure. thioflavine T : An organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo. | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | organic chloride salt | fluorochrome; geroprotector; histological dye |
fucose Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position. | 3.75 | 11 | 0 | fucopyranose; L-fucose | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
cme-carbodiimide [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane: used to immobilize carbonic anhydrase into mesoporous supports; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate: structure in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
sulfuryl fluoride sulfuryl fluoride: fumigant | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | sulfuryl halide | fumigant insecticide |
methyl methanethiosulfonate S-methyl methanethiosulfonate : A sulfonic acid derivative obtained by condensaton of methanesulfonic acid with methanethiol. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | sulfonic acid derivative; thiosulfonate ester | metabolite |
uridine diphosphate galactose Uridine Diphosphate Galactose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be epimerized into UDPglucose for entry into the mainstream of carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a source of galactose in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides, cerebrosides, and lactose.. UDP-alpha-D-galactose : A UDP-D-galactose in which the anomeric centre of the galactose moiety has alpha-configuration. | 2 | 1 | 0 | UDP-D-galactose | mouse metabolite |
didodecyldimethylammonium didodecyldimethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol: structure given in first source | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | primary alcohol | |
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques. | 4.22 | 18 | 0 | fluorescein isothiocyanate | |
mannose mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose. | 5.13 | 15 | 0 | D-aldohexose; D-mannose; mannopyranose | metabolite |
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol. | 5.4 | 61 | 0 | 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol | chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent |
tranylcypromine Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine | |
streptomycin [no description available] | 4.29 | 20 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins | antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3. | 4.2 | 18 | 0 | carbon oxoanion | |
norleucine Norleucine: An unnatural amino acid that is used experimentally to study protein structure and function. It is structurally similar to METHIONINE, however it does not contain SULFUR.. L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino group at C-2. It does not occur naturally. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | 2-aminohexanoic acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
iodinated glycerol iodinated glycerol: secretolytic agent; RN given refers to cpd without iodine locant | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | dioxolane | |
isometheptene isometheptene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5040 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | secondary amino compound | |
methyl-4-nitrobenzenesulfonate [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
4-(4-dimethylaminophenylazo)benzoic acid 4-(4-dimethylaminophenylazo)benzoic acid: structure given in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
enbucrilate Enbucrilate: A tissue adhesive that is applied as a monomer to moist tissue and polymerizes to form a bond. It is slowly biodegradable and used in all kinds of surgery, including dental. | 2 | 1 | 0 | alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; nitrile | |
levodopa methyl ester levodopa methyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd(L)-isomer | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | tyrosine derivative | |
hepes [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | HEPES; organosulfonic acid | |
lanthanum [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom; scandium group element atom | |
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4. | 4.63 | 28 | 0 | elemental manganese; manganese group element atom | Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient |
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero. | 4.34 | 21 | 0 | elemental mercury; zinc group element atom | neurotoxin |
molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | chromium group element atom | micronutrient |
neon Neon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ne, atomic number 10, and atomic weight 20.18. It is found in the earth's crust and atmosphere as an inert, odorless gas and is used in vacuum tubes and incandescent lamps. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | monoatomic neon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom | |
palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae. | 3.82 | 12 | 0 | elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
plutonium Plutonium: A naturally radioactive element of the actinide metals series. It has the atomic symbol Pu, and atomic number 94. Plutonium is used as a nuclear fuel, to produce radioisotopes for research, in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers, and as the agent of fission in nuclear weapons. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | actinoid atom; f-block element atom | |
ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA. | 3.47 | 8 | 0 | copper group element atom; elemental silver | Escherichia coli metabolite |
tantalum Tantalum: A rare metallic element, atomic number 73, atomic weight 180.948, symbol Ta. It is a noncorrosive and malleable metal that has been used for plates or disks to replace cranial defects, for wire sutures, and for making prosthetic devices. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | vanadium group element atom | |
terbium Terbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tb, atomic number 65, and atomic weight 158.92. | 9.16 | 5 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures. | 3.13 | 5 | 0 | titanium group element atom | |
tungsten Tungsten: A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | chromium group element atom | micronutrient |
americium Americium: A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, and atomic number 95. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | actinoid atom; f-block element atom | |
argon Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | monoatomic argon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom | food packaging gas; neuroprotective agent |
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common. | 3.51 | 8 | 0 | cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom | |
cerium Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | chromium group element atom; metal allergen | micronutrient |
europium Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy. | 3.77 | 3 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts. | 4.92 | 35 | 0 | copper group element atom; elemental gold | |
helium Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | monoatomic helium; noble gas atom; s-block element atom | food packaging gas |
uranium Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors. | 3.33 | 7 | 0 | actinoid atom; f-block element atom; monoatomic uranium | |
vanadium Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs. | 3.45 | 2 | 0 | elemental vanadium; vanadium group element atom | micronutrient |
xenon Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic. | 3.04 | 1 | 0 | monoatomic xenon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom | |
zirconium Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | titanium group element atom | |
aluminum chloride Aluminum Chloride: A compound with the chemical formula AlCl3; the anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis, and hydrated salts are used topically as antiperspirants, and for the management of HYPERHYDROSIS. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | aluminium coordination entity | Lewis acid |
cupric chloride cupric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. copper(II) chloride : An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | copper molecular entity; inorganic chloride | EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor |
zalcitabine Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
magnesium sulfate Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | magnesium salt; metal sulfate; organic magnesium salt | anaesthetic; analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; fertilizer; tocolytic agent |
mercuric chloride Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | mercury coordination entity | sensitiser |
acetylglucosamine Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre. | 3.37 | 7 | 0 | N-acetyl-D-glucosamine | epitope |
galactosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | D-galactosamine; primary amino compound | toxin |
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | sodium phosphate | |
perchloric acid [no description available] | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | chlorine oxoacid | |
cesium chloride cesium chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. caesium chloride : The inorganic chloride salt of caesium; each caesium ion is coordinated by eight chlorine ions. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | inorganic caesium salt; inorganic chloride | phase-transfer catalyst; vasoconstrictor agent |
2-nitrobenzenesulfenyl chloride 2-nitrobenzenesulfenyl chloride: structure | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
hypochlorous acid Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | chlorine oxoacid; reactive oxygen species | EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite |
ferric chloride ferric chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-Cl3; used to induce experimental arterial thrombosis to evaluate antithrombotic agents | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | iron coordination entity | astringent; Lewis acid |
nickel chloride nickel chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Cl2. nickel dichloride : A compound of nickel and chloride in which the ratio of nickel (in the +2 oxidation state) to chloride is 1:2. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | nickel coordination entity | calcium channel blocker; hapten |
bromine Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested. | 5.1 | 46 | 0 | diatomic bromine | |
barium sulfate Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.. barium sulfate : A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | barium salt; inorganic barium salt; metal sulfate | radioopaque medium |
zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity | fertilizer |
sodium sulfate [no description available] | 3.75 | 3 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt | |
copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | metal sulfate | emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser |
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus. | 5.15 | 48 | 0 | dihydrogen | |
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries. | 5.17 | 49 | 0 | diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family. | 9.75 | 32 | 0 | diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity | bleaching agent |
silver chloride [no description available] | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | inorganic chloride; silver salt | |
beryllium fluoride beryllium difluoride : The fluoride salt of beryllium (+2 oxidation state). In the solid state it exists as a glass, with four-coordinate Be(2+) tetrahedral centres and two-coordinate fluoride centres. As a gas it adopts a linear triatomic structure and in the liquid state a fluctuating tetrahedral structure. In protein crystallography it is used as a mimic of phosphate. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | beryllium molecular entity; fluoride salt | |
deuterium oxide Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | deuterated compound; water | NMR solvent |
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end. | 5.48 | 22 | 0 | ||
poloxalene Poloxalene: A copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is a non-ionic polyol surface-active agent used medically as a fecal softener and in cattle for prevention of bloat.. pluronic : A triblock copolymer composed of a central hydrophobic chain of poly(propylene oxide) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of poly(ethylene oxide). | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | epoxide | |
hexadimethrine bromide Hexadimethrine Bromide: A synthetic polymer which agglutinates red blood cells. It is used as a heparin antagonist. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
vasotocin Vasotocin: A nonapeptide that contains the ring of OXYTOCIN and the side chain of ARG-VASOPRESSIN with the latter determining the specific recognition of hormone receptors. Vasotocin is the non-mammalian vasopressin-like hormone or antidiuretic hormone regulating water and salt metabolism.. vasotocin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is homologous to oxytocin and vasopressin. It is a pituitary hormone that acts as an endocrine regulator for water balance, osmotic homoeostasis and is involved in social and sexual behavior in non-mammalian vertebrates. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer |
cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding. | 2.95 | 4 | 0 | cadmium coordination entity | |
4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan: A benzofuran derivative used as a protein reagent since the terminal N-NBD-protein conjugate possesses interesting fluorescence and spectral properties. It has also been used as a covalent inhibitor of both beef heart mitochondrial ATPase and bacterial ATPase.. 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan : A benzoxadiazole that is 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine and at position 7 by a nitro group. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | benzoxadiazole; C-nitro compound; organochlorine compound | EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.1.3 (adenosinetriphosphatase) inhibitor; fluorescent probe; fluorochrome |
barium chloride barium chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. barium chloride : The inorganic dichloride salt of barium. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | barium salt; inorganic chloride | potassium channel blocker |
trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS. | 5.04 | 10 | 1 | ||
rhamnose [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | L-rhamnose | |
coformycin [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | coformycins | EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor |
ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion. | 3.05 | 5 | 0 | ammonium salt; inorganic chloride | ferroptosis inhibitor |
ethionine L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | S-ethylhomocysteine | antimetabolite; carcinogenic agent |
cysteic acid Cysteic Acid: Beta-Sulfoalanine. An amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate. It occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.. cysteic acid : An amino sulfonic acid that is the sulfonic acid analogue of cysteine. | 7.65 | 3 | 0 | alanine derivative; amino sulfonic acid; carboxyalkanesulfonic acid; cysteine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | animal metabolite |
dimethyl adipimidate Dimethyl Adipimidate: Bifunctional cross-linking agent that links covalently free amino groups of proteins or polypeptides, including those in cell membranes. It is used as reagent or fixative in immunohistochemistry and is a proposed antisickling agent. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications. | 2.85 | 3 | 0 | titanium oxides | food colouring |
etorphine Etorphine: A narcotic analgesic morphinan used as a sedative in veterinary practice. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
selegiline Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | selegiline; terminal acetylenic compound | geroprotector |
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine. | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole | antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator |
cromolyn sodium Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid. | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | organic sodium salt | anti-asthmatic drug; drug allergen |
eedq EEDQ: peptide coupling reagent | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types. | 3.77 | 11 | 0 | acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator |
fluorides [no description available] | 6.2 | 46 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic fluorine | |
dioxidine dioxidine: Russian drug; structure | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
18-crown-6 18-crown-6 : A crown ether that is cyclooctadecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16 have been replaced by oxygen atoms. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | crown ether; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent | phase-transfer catalyst |
1-deoxynojirimycin 1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol; piperidine alkaloid | anti-HIV agent; anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite |
iodine [no description available] | 5.06 | 14 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic iodine | human metabolite |
daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones | antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite |
4-nitrophenyl 4'-guanidinobenzoate 4-nitrophenyl 4'-guanidinobenzoate: kallikrein substrate; acrosin antagonist in sperm; serine esterase inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
phosphotyrosine Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O(4)-phosphotyrosine | Escherichia coli metabolite; immunogen |
carbimazole Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones; carbamate ester | antithyroid drug; prodrug |
ergocristine ergocristine: an ergot alkaloid; one of the three components of ergotoxine; has alpha blocking action, stimulates smooth muscles & antagonizes serotonin; used as oxytocic & in peripheral disorders; minor descriptor (77-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search EROLINES (77-86); RN given refers to ((5'alpha)-isomer). ergocristine : Ergotaman bearing benzyl, hydroxy, and isopropyl groups at the 5', 12' and 2' positions, respectively, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ergot alkaloid | |
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid. | 7.36 | 149 | 0 | benzenes; phenyl acetates | |
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat. | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | chloride salt; organic chloride salt | antiseptic drug; surfactant |
vinyl butyrate [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
pyrrolidine [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | azacycloalkane; pyrrolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent | |
1,4-dioxane 1,4-dioxane: dehydrating agent; polar solvent miscible both with water & most organic solvents. dioxane : Any member of the class of dioxanes that is a cyclohexane in which two carbon atoms are replaced by oxygen atoms.. 1,4-dioxane : A dioxane with oxygen atoms at positions 1 and 4. | 3.23 | 6 | 0 | dioxane; volatile organic compound | carcinogenic agent; metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; non-polar solvent |
triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug |
sucrose octaacetate sucrose octaacetate: bitter tasting cpd preferred by rats to quinine; RN given refers to ((beta-D)-fructofuranosyl)-isomer | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | glycoside | |
tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | chlorocarbon; chloroethenes | nephrotoxic agent |
fludrocortisone Fludrocortisone: A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; fluorinated steroid; mineralocorticoid | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug |
n-chlorosuccinimide N-chlorosuccinimide : A five-membered cyclic dicarboximide compound having a chloro substituent on the nitrogen atom. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone | |
ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. | 3.78 | 2 | 1 | bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
isothiuronium Isothiuronium: An undecenyl THIOUREA which may have topical anti-inflammatory activity. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
metipranolol Metipranolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist effective for both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. It is used as an antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, and antiglaucoma agent.. metipranolol : 3-(Propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by a 4-acetoxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy group. A non-cardioselective beta-blocker, it is used to lower intra-ocular pressure in the management of open-angle glaucoma. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist |
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; organobromine compound | antidepressant; protein kinase agonist |
transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states. | 6.72 | 46 | 0 | ||
alkenes [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. | 4.24 | 18 | 0 | glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical |
adenylyl imidodiphosphate Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | adenosine 5'-phosphate | |
torpedo Torpedo: A genus of the Torpedinidae family consisting of several species. Members of this family have powerful electric organs and are commonly called electric rays. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | ||
sodium azide Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid). | 2 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt | antibacterial agent; explosive; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mutagen |
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3. | 4.83 | 34 | 0 | pseudohalide anion | mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor |
adenosine diphosphate ribose Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose: An ester formed between the aldehydic carbon of RIBOSE and the terminal phosphate of ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE. It is produced by the hydrolysis of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by a variety of enzymes, some of which transfer an ADP-ribosyl group to target proteins. | 3.58 | 9 | 0 | ADP-sugar | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine. | 5.06 | 10 | 1 | timolol | anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist |
nigericin Nigericin: A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nigericin : A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | polycyclic ether | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore |
1-(9-fluorenyl)methyl chloroformate 1-(9-fluorenyl)methyl chloroformate: used for tagging silica-based derivatization reagents in HPLC | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
dimethyl suberimidate Dimethyl Suberimidate: The methyl imidoester of suberic acid used to produce cross links in proteins. Each end of the imidoester will react with an amino group in the protein molecule to form an amidine. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
clanobutin clanobutin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | benzamides | |
acetylgalactosamine Acetylgalactosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of galactosamine. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | N-acetyl-D-hexosamine; N-acetylgalactosamine | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL). | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid | antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent |
etoposide [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound | antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
substance p [no description available] | 4.49 | 24 | 0 | peptide | neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent |
promegestone Promegestone: A synthetic progestin which is useful for the study of progestin distribution and progestin tissue receptors, as it is not bound by transcortin and binds to progesterone receptors with a higher association constant than progesterone.. promegestone : A progestin consisting of 17beta-propionylestra-4,9-dien-3-one substituted at position 17 by a methyl group. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid | antineoplastic agent; progesterone receptor agonist; progestin |
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | butyrate ester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
fluorescamine Fluorescamine: A nonfluorescent reagent for the detection of primary amines, peptides and proteins. The reaction products are highly fluorescent. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
n-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide Duxon: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | pyridinium ion | apoptosis inducer; herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; neurotoxin |
vx VX nerve agent : A organic thiophosphate that is the ethyl ester of S-{2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethyl} O hydrogen methylphosphonothioate. A toxic nerve agent used in chemical warfare. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic thiophosphate; tertiary amino compound | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; neurotoxin |
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension. | 4.3 | 19 | 0 | alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor |
denotivir [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
permethrin hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141 | 2 | 1 | 0 | cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes | agrochemical; ectoparasiticide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide; scabicide |
decamethrin decamethrin: pyrethroid insecticide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organobromine compound | agrochemical; antifeedant; calcium channel agonist; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; pyrethroid ester insecticide |
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | chromanol; monocarboxylic acid; phenols | antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger; Wnt signalling inhibitor |
1-carboxyglutamic acid 1-Carboxyglutamic Acid: Found in various tissues, particularly in four blood-clotting proteins including prothrombin, in kidney protein, in bone protein, and in the protein present in various ectopic calcifications. | 3.85 | 12 | 0 | ||
enkephalin, methionine Enkephalin, Methionine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN. | 3.22 | 6 | 0 | ||
dihydroalprenolol Dihydroalprenolol: Hydrogenated alprenolol derivative where the extra hydrogens are often tritiated. This radiolabeled form of ALPRENOLOL, a beta-adrenergic blocker, is used to label the beta-adrenergic receptor for isolation and study. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
propiconazole Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; triazole fungicide; triazoles | antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
2-methoxy-5-(2',3',4'-trimethoxyphenyl)tropone 2-methoxy-5-(2',3',4'-trimethoxyphenyl)tropone: structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine: structure. nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine : A nitrosamine that is iminodiacetone that is substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom. It induces pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas in Syrian golden hamsters (other rodents are not susceptible). | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ketone; nitrosamine | carcinogenic agent |
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
nicorandil Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | nitrate ester; pyridinecarboxamide | potassium channel opener; vasodilator agent |
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland. | 3.23 | 6 | 0 | acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol | adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist |
buserelin Buserelin: A potent synthetic analog of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-serine substitution at residue 6, glycine10 deletion, and other modifications. | 7.66 | 3 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
nedocromil Nedocromil: A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including EOSINOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MACROPHAGES; MAST CELLS; MONOCYTES; AND PLATELETS. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound | anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
fomesafen fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; phenols | agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide |
fenoxycarb fenoxycarb: used against mosquitoes (Diptera:Culicidae); structure given in first source. fenoxycarb : A carbamate ester that is the O-ethyl carbamate of 2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethylamine. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; carbamate ester | environmental contaminant; insecticide; juvenile hormone mimic; xenobiotic |
miglustat miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | piperidines; tertiary amino compound | anti-HIV agent; EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor |
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom). | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring) | anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug |
mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound | abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive |
lodelaben [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
loxiglumide loxiglumide: cholecystokinin receptor antagonist; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; structure in first source | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
aromasil [no description available] | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
sezolamide sezolamide: decreases intraocular pressure, topically in vivo; inhibits carbonic anhydrase; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit | 4.22 | 18 | 0 | adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent |
nitroaniline nitroaniline: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for nitro moiety. nitroaniline : A substituted aniline that carries one or more nitro groups. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
pyranine pyranine: structure | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | fluorochrome |
vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion | EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor |
tantalum oxide tantalum oxide: RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; used for surgical implants | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
acridine orange Acridine Orange: A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.. acridine orange : Fluorescent dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively.. acridine orange free base : A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | aminoacridines; aromatic amine; tertiary amino compound | fluorochrome; histological dye |
trifluoromethanesulfonic acid trifluoromethanesulfonic acid: deblocking reagent for peptide synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd. triflic acid : A one-carbon compound that is methanesulfonic acid in which the hydrogens attached to the methyl carbon have been replaced by fluorines. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | one-carbon compound; perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid | |
potassium phosphate potassium phosphate: used in dental materials and to treat hypophosphatemia; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF. tripotassium phosphate : An inorganic potassium salt that is the tripotassium salt of phosphoric acid. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | inorganic phosphate salt; inorganic potassium salt | |
caloreen caloreen: glucose polymer with average length of five glucose units for dietary energy supplement. dextrin : Glucans produced by the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen. They are mixtures of polymers of D-glucose units linked by alpha(1->4) or alpha(1->6) glycosidic bonds. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | ||
octyl glucoside octyl-beta-D-glucoside: RN given refers to (beta)-isomer. octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside : An beta-D-glucoside in which the anomeric hydrogen of beta-D-glucopyranose is substituted by an octyl group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside | plant metabolite |
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride. | 5.09 | 44 | 0 | hydrochloride | adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
dexamethasone 21-methanesulfonate dexamethasone 21-methanesulfonate: RN given refers to (11beta,16alpha)-isomer | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | ||
adamantane diazirine adamantane diazirine: structure in second source | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages. | 3.77 | 11 | 0 | D-glucopyranose | epitope; mouse metabolite |
n-methylnicotinamide N-methylnicotinamide: structure. N-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the amide hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | pyridinecarboxamide | metabolite |
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium. | 3.14 | 5 | 0 | organic bromide salt | colorimetric reagent; dye |
betulinic acid [no description available] | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite |
baicalin [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyflavone; glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative | antiatherosclerotic agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite; prodrug |
allicin [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | botanical anti-fungal agent; sulfoxide | antibacterial agent |
thionine thionine: do not confuse with the thionins which is a class of polypeptides; RN above is for the chloride;. thionine : An organic chloride salt composed of 3,7-diaminophenothiazin-5-ium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio. A strongly metachromatic dye, useful for the staining of acid mucopolysaccharides. It is also a common nuclear stain and can be used for the demonstration of Nissl substance in nerve cells of the CNS. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin. | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
fluorexon fluorexon: structure | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | xanthene dye | fluorochrome |
norvaline norvaline: differs from valine in being 1 carbon longer instead of branched; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure. L-2-aminopentanoic acid : A 2-aminopentanoic acid that has S-configuration. | 7.36 | 2 | 0 | 2-aminopentanoic acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion | bacterial metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent |
10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium 10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium: chemoluminescent probe; RN given refers to dinitrate; Lucigenin refers to dinitrate | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
leucine methyl ester leucine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L-Leu)-isomer. methyl L-leucinate : The methyl ester of L-leucine. | 7.35 | 2 | 0 | alpha-amino acid ester; L-leucine derivative; methyl ester | |
metaperiodate Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent. | 4.69 | 30 | 0 | iodine oxoacid | |
rhodamine 110 rhodamine 110: RN given refers to chloride | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | ||
octadecyl rhodamine b chloride octadecyl Rhodamine B chloride: RN & structure given in first source; RN not in Chemline 3/85 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose pentagalloylglucose: pentahydroxy gallic acid ester of glucose; a phytogenic antineoplastic agent and antibacterial agent. 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose : A galloyl-beta-D-glucose compound having five galloyl groups in the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-positions. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | gallate ester; galloyl beta-D-glucose | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite; radiation protective agent; radical scavenger |
tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II): a fluorescent dye; structure in first source | 3.18 | 1 | 0 | ruthenium coordination entity | fluorochrome |
fluorophosphate fluorophosphate: inhibits Phosphorylas phosphatase irreversibly; RN given refers to parent cpd | 8.32 | 7 | 0 | fluorine molecular entity; phosphoric acid derivative | |
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid: spelled pyrolidine in J Nutr 1979 reference; RN given refers to parent cpd. pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is the N-dithiocarboxy derivative of pyrrolidine. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | dithiocarbamic acids; pyrrolidines | anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; NF-kappaB inhibitor; radical scavenger |
glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | glutathione derivative; organic disulfide | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
phenylethane boronic acid [no description available] | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | ||
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine 4-nitrobenzylthioinosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport; acts on ENT1 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | purine nucleoside | |
betamethasone sodium phosphate betamethasone sodium phosphate: phosphate ester of betamethasone; RN given refers to the di-Na salt (11beta,16beta)-isomer; structure in Negwer,5th ed, 4975. betamethasone sodium phosphate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of betamethasone phosphate. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
4-aminomethylbenzoic acid [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids | |
cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | cephalosporin | fungal metabolite |
midesteine midesteine: a cyclic thiolic neutrophil elastase inhibitor | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
methacycline [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-diglyceride | |
peroxyformic acid peroxyformic acid: structure | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ||
4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | sulfonamide | |
bromosuccinimide Bromosuccinimide: A brominating agent that replaces hydrogen atoms in benzylic or allylic positions. It is used in the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones and in controlled low-energy brominations. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed,). | 3.47 | 8 | 0 | dicarboximide; organobromine compound; pyrrolidinone | reagent |
1,7-phenanthroline [no description available] | 3.97 | 14 | 0 | phenanthroline | |
anthranil 2,1-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,2-oxazole ring across positions 3 and 4. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2,1-benzoxazoles; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent | |
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms. | 3.13 | 5 | 0 | 1,2,3-triazole | |
2-iodosobenzoic acid ortho-iodosylbenzoic acid : A benzoic acid compound having an iodosyl substituent at the ortho-position. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | benzoic acids; organoiodine compound | EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor |
diazobenzenesulfonic acid diazobenzenesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | ||
isocoumarins Isocoumarins: Compounds that differ from COUMARINS in having the positions of the ring and ketone oxygens reversed so the keto oxygen is at the 1-position of the molecule.. isocoumarin : The simplest member of the class of isocoumarins that is 1H-isochromene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 1. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | isocoumarins | |
maclurin maclurin: from Maclura pomifera; composed of two isoforms (isolectins); some sequence similarity to jacalin; potent non-specific blood-group hemagglutinin; do not confuse with dye of the same name | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | benzophenones | |
delphinidin Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | anthocyanidin chloride | |
delta sleep-inducing peptide Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide: A nonapeptide that is found in neurons, peripheral organs, and plasma. This neuropeptide induces mainly delta sleep in mammals. In addition to sleep, the peptide has been observed to affect electrophysiological activity, neurotransmitter levels in the brain, circadian and locomotor patterns, hormonal levels, psychological performance, and the activity of neuropharmacological drugs including their withdrawal. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
glycine amide glycine amide: RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | amino acid amide; glycine derivative | |
glycine methyl ester glycine methyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd. methyl glycinate : A glycinyl ester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of glycine with methanol. | 6.94 | 1 | 0 | glycinyl ester | metabolite |
3,4-diaminobenzoic acid 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
resorufin [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | phenoxazine | |
phenylpropiolic acid phenylpropiolic acid: structure. phenylpropiolic acid : An acetylenic compound that is propynoic acid in which the acetylenic hydrogen is replaced by a phenyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetylenic compound; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; benzenes | |
fructose-6-phosphate fructose-6-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. fructose 6-phosphate : A ketohexose monophosphate consisting of fructose having a phosphate group located at the 6-position. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | D-fructose 6-phosphate | |
acefylline acefylline: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2 | 1 | 0 | oxopurine | |
ethyl tyrosine ester ethyl tyrosine ester: RN given refers to L-isomer. ethyl L-tyrosinate : An L-tyrosyl ester that is L-tyrosine in which the hydrogen of the carboxy group has been replaced by an ethyl group. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ethyl ester; L-tyrosyl ester | |
morpholinopropane sulfonic acid 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 7.2 at 20 degreeC. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | MOPS; morpholines; organosulfonic acid | |
carbobenzoxyphenylalanine carbobenzoxyphenylalanine: RN given refers to (L-Phe)-isomer | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
n-acetylglutamic acid N-acetylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid : An N-acyl-L-amino acid that is L-glutamic acid in which one of the amine hydrogens is substituted by an acetyl group. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N-acyl-L-glutamic acid | human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
cromakalim Cromakalim: A potassium-channel opening vasodilator that has been investigated in the management of hypertension. It has also been tried in patients with asthma. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p352) | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
mitozolomide mitozolomide: RN & structure given in first source | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
ubenimex ubenimex: growth inhibitor | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
dmp 323 (4R,5S,6S,7R)-4,7-dibenzyl-5,6-dihydroxy-1,3-bis[4-(hydroxymethyl)benzyl]-1,3-diazepan-2-one : A 1,3-diazepanone ring with two 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzyl groups as substituents at positions N-1 and N-4, two benzyl groups at C-4 and C-7, and two hydroxy groups at C-5 and C-6 respectively. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | diazepanone; ureas | anti-HIV agent; metabolite |
leupeptin [no description available] | 3.58 | 9 | 0 | aldehyde; tripeptide | bacterial metabolite; calpain inhibitor; cathepsin B inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.4 (trypsin) inhibitor; serine protease inhibitor |
coumarin 153 coumarin 153: structure in first source | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | 7-aminocoumarins | fluorochrome |
miramistin miramistin: do not confuse with alkamides | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone Tosyllysine Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES. Acts as an alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process. | 3.91 | 13 | 0 | sulfonic acid derivative | |
nicosulfuron nicosulfuron: inhibits ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; Accent is DuPont brand name. nicosulfuron : A N-sulfonylurea that is 2-(carbamoylsulfamoyl)-N,N-dimethylpyridine-3-carboxamide substituted by a 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl group at the amino nitrogen. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | N-sulfonylurea; pyridines; pyrimidines | environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic |
ergocornine ergocornine: a component of ergotoxine; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search ERGOLINES (75-86); RN given refers to ((5'alpha)-isomer). ergocornine : Ergotaman bearing a hydroxy group at the 12' position, isopropyl groups at the 2' and 5'alpha positions, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ergot alkaloid | |
3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxycytidine [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; oxazolidinone | metabolite |
2,2,2-trifluoroethanesulfonyl chloride [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
o-methylisourea O-methylisourea: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
phenyl hippurate [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
alpha-naphthyl butyrate [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
6-carboxyfluorescein 6-carboxyfluorescein: originally sold as 6-carboxyfluorescein, but commercial product is a mixture of two isomers; correct name is 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | |
benzoyltyrosine ethyl ester ethyl N-benzoyl-L-tyrosinate : An L-tyrosine derivative that is the ethyl ester of N-benzoyltyrosine. | 3.38 | 7 | 0 | benzamides; ethyl ester; L-tyrosine derivative; phenols | chromogenic compound |
n-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3'-sulfonate N-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3'-sulfonate: reagent for rapid modification of carboxyl groups in proteins; structure | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
rosiglitazone [no description available] | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones | EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug |
n-hydroxysuccinimide N-hydroxysuccinimide: structure | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
3,7-dimethyl-7-octen-1-ol Geranium: A plant genus of the family GERANIACEAE. Geranium is also used as a common name for PELARGONIUM. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate: RN given refers to monomer | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
leucyl-alanine Leu-Ala : A dipeptide composed of L-leucine and L-alanine joined by a peptide linkage. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
gamma-glutamine-4-nitroanilide gamma-glutamine-4-nitroanilide: substrate for glutaminase B.; RN given refers to (L)-isomer | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
fluorescein dilaurate fluorescein dilaurate: used in pancreatic function test | 4.57 | 8 | 0 | ||
n-(2-acetamido)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid N-(2-acetamido)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 6.9 at 20 degreeC. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; ACES; amino sulfonic acid | |
tryptophan ethyl ester tryptophan ethyl ester: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer | 2.85 | 4 | 0 | ||
lithium bromide lithium bromide: denatures ribonuclease A; also sedative. lithium bromide : A lithium salt in which the counterion is bromide. The anhydrous salt forms cubic crystals similar to common salt. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | bromide salt; lithium salt | |
4-(n,n-dimethylaminoazobenzene)-4'-isothiocyanate 4-(N,N-dimethylaminoazobenzene)-4'-isothiocyanate: chromophoric reagent for protein sequence analysis | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
2-(4-toluidino)-6-naphthalenesulfonic acid 2-(4-toluidino)-6-naphthalenesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | ||
we 201 We 201: synthetic lysolecithin analog; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
coenzyme a [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate | coenzyme; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
slaframine slaframine: biosynthesized in fungus, Rhizoctonia leguminicola; causes excessive salivation in animals; RN given is for parent cpd. slaframine : An indolizidine alkaloid that is octahydroindolizine substituted by an amino group at position 6 and an acetyloxy group at position 1. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
n-acetyltyrosine, (dl)-isomer N-acetyltyrosine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-acetyltyrosine : An N-acetyl-amino acid that is tyrosine with an amine hydrogen substituted by an acetyl group. | 3.47 | 8 | 0 | N-acetyl-amino acid; phenols; tyrosine derivative | human urinary metabolite |
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. | 3.57 | 9 | 0 | 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic |
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol. | 8.58 | 136 | 0 | iditol | fungal metabolite |
5'-adenylyl (beta,gamma-methylene)diphosphonate 5'-adenylyl (beta,gamma-methylene)diphosphonate: do not confuse with alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | nucleoside triphosphate analogue | |
homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration. | 7.88 | 4 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid | fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite |
1,5-i-aedans 1,5-I-AEDANS: fluorescent probes which are sulfhydryl reagents; combine reactivity of iodoacetamide toward sulfhydryl groups with spectral properties of naphthalenesulfonic acids; structure. 5-{[2-(iodoacetamido)ethyl]amino}naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : An aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid fluorophore with a structure consisting of ethylenediamine substituted on the nitrogens with iodoacetyl and 5-sulfonyl-1-naphthyl groups. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid | fluorescent probe |
7-amino-4-methylcoumarin 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | 7-aminocoumarins | fluorochrome |
2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid 2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid: inhibits iron-containing nitrile hydratases | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | ||
4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
n-(3-pyrene)maleimide N-(3-pyrene)maleimide: structure in first source | 2.58 | 2 | 0 | ||
reactive yellow 2 reactive yellow 2: structure in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
mci 9038 [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | peptide | |
lopinavir [no description available] | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | amphetamines; dicarboxylic acid diamide | anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor |
firefly luciferin Firefly Luciferin: A benzothaizole which is oxidized by LUCIFERASES, FIREFLY to cause emission of light (LUMINESCENCE).. Photinus luciferin : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid consisting of 3,5-dihydrothiophene-4-carboxylic acid having a 6-hydroxybenzothiazol-2-yl group at the 2-position. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid; benzothiazoles; imidothioate | luciferin |
glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids. | 3.21 | 6 | 0 | ||
aspartyl-phenylalanine aspartyl-phenylalanine: metabolite of aspartame; may inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme; RN given refers to all (L)-isomer | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | human blood serum metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite |
n-(7-dimethylamino-4-methylcoumarinyl)maleimide N-(7-dimethylamino-4-methylcoumarinyl)maleimide: fluorescent thiol reagent; structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
dithiobis(succinimidylpropionate) dithiobis(succinimidylpropionate): used to study interactions of structural proteins; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | ||
procion orange mx-2r Procion Orange MX-2R: RN given refers to parent cpd. procion orange MX-2R : A 2,4-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine with a multi-substituted napthalen-2-yldiazenyl substituent at the 6-position. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | chloro-1,3,5-triazine; monoazo compound | dye |
n-acetylphenylalanine ethyl ester N-acetylphenylalanine ethyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
n-acetyltryptophanamide [no description available] | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | acetamides; L-tryptophan derivative; primary carboxamide; secondary carboxamide | |
bnps-skatole BNPS-skatole : A bromoindole that is 3H-indole in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by an (o-nitrophenyl)sulfanyl group and in which the hydrogens at position 3 have been replaced by a bromine and a methyl group. It is used particularly for the selective cleavage of tryptophanyl peptide bonds (cleavage occurs at peptide bonds after amino acids with available C(gamma)=C(delta) double bonds such as tryptophan, tyrosine, and histidine). | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | aryl sulfide; bromoindole; C-nitro compound | reagent |
alpha-tocopherol phosphate alpha-tocopherol phosphate: RN given refers to (2R*(4R*,8R*))-(+-)-isomer | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
6-hydroxyethoxzolamide 6-hydroxyethoxzolamide: structure given in first source | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | ||
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form. | 3.33 | 6 | 0 | D-glucuronic acid | algal metabolite |
prolamins Prolamins: A group of seed storage proteins restricted to the POACEAE family. They are rich in GLUTAMINE and PROLINE. | 3.12 | 5 | 0 | ||
phosphoramide mustard [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | nitrogen mustard; phosphorodiamide | |
3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride: used to modify proteins | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
nitrophenylgalactosides Nitrophenylgalactosides: Includes ortho-, meta-, and para-nitrophenylgalactosides.. 2-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactoside : A beta-D-galactoside having a 2-nitrophenyl substituent at the anomeric position. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-galactoside; C-nitro compound | chromogenic compound |
hippuryl-l-arginine [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
benzoylphenylalanine N-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine : An N-acyl-L-phenylalanine that is L-phenylalanine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a benzoyl group. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | 2-(benzoylamino)-3-phenylpropanoic acid; N-acyl-L-phenylalanine | |
hexylglutathione S-hexylglutathione : An S-substituted glutathione that is glutathione in which the hydrogen of the thiol has been replaced by a hexyl group (PDB entry: 1PN9). | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | S-substituted glutathione | |
1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanol [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
n-acetylphenylalanine beta-naphthyl ester N-acetylphenylalanine beta-naphthyl ester: substrate for chymotrypsin; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. beta-naphthyl N-acetylphenylalaninate : An alpha-amino acid ester obtained by the fromal condensation of N-acetylphenylalanine with 2-naphthol. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | alpha-amino acid ester; phenylalanine derivative | |
n-succinimidyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate N-succinimidyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate: acylates free amino groups on proteins | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
zpck ZPCK: alkylates histidine residue at active center of bovine chymotrypsin | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
foxes Foxes: Any of several carnivores in the family CANIDAE, that possess erect ears and long bushy tails and are smaller than WOLVES. They are classified in several genera and found on all continents except Antarctica. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
n-acetyldopamine N-acetyldopamine : A secondary carboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetic acid with the amino group of dopamine. A dopamine metabolite. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; catechols; N-(fatty acyl)-dopamine; secondary carboxamide | human urinary metabolite; marine metabolite |
7-amino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin coumarin 151: structure in first source | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | 7-aminocoumarins | fluorochrome |
n-hydroxysuccinimide suberic acid ester disuccinimidyl suberate: used as protein cross-linking agent | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
n-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate: heterobifunctional reagent | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
n-acetyltryptophan methyl ester N-acetyltryptophan methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
l-phenylalanine ethylester L-phenylalanine ethylester: structure in first source | 2.33 | 2 | 0 | ||
suphepa Suphepa: used for the determination of chymotrypsin in stools in diagnosis of pancreatic disease | 3.72 | 10 | 0 | ||
lanthionine lanthionine: a thioether analogue of cystine; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer; structure; a component of lantibiotics (BACTERIOCINS). lanthionine : An alanine derivative in which two alanine residues are linked on their beta-carbons by a thioether linkage. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; organic sulfide | bacterial metabolite |
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27. | 5.14 | 15 | 0 | cobalt group element atom; metal allergen | micronutrient |
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group. | 5.42 | 15 | 1 | aromatic ether; secondary amino compound | metabolite |
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid | chelator |
chlorates Chlorates: Inorganic salts of chloric acid that contain the ClO3- ion. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion | |
ici 164384 ICI 164384: structure given in first source. ICI-164384 : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol substituted by a 11-[butyl(methyl)amino]-11-oxoundecyl group at position 7R. It is a steroidal antioestrogen that inhibits the cell proliferation of breast-carcinoma cell lines. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; tertiary carboxamide | anti-estrogen; antineoplastic agent; estrogen receptor antagonist |
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
vitamin b 6 Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine. | 3.64 | 1 | 1 | ||
quin2 Quin2: fluorescent highly selective Ca indicator, binding Ca 1:1; structure given in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
s-nitrosoglutathione [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | glutathione derivative; nitrosothio compound | bronchodilator agent; nitric oxide donor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; signalling molecule |
cp 96345 CP 96345: structure given in first source; potent nonpeptide antagonist of the substance P (NK1) receptor; CP 96344 is enantiomer of CP 96345 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
fluo-3 Fluo-3: fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator; permits continuous monitoring of Ca without interference with use of UV-sensitive caged compounds | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | xanthene dye | fluorochrome |
fpl 55712 FPL 55712: inhibitor of SRS-A and LTC4 and LTD4 receptors | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
fructose 2,6-diphosphate fructose 2,6-diphosphate: phosphofructokinase activator synthesized via Mg-ATP & fructose-6-P. beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric centre. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
cyanates Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N). | 4.14 | 17 | 0 | ||
((18)O)water ((18)O)water : A form of water consisting of two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to an oxygen-18 atom.. oxygen-18 atom : The stable isotope of oxygen with relative atomic mass 17.999160 and 0.205 atom percent natural abundance. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | isotopically modified compound; water | |
s-ethyl glutathione [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate 3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate: a surfactant; structure given in first source | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | 1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate | |
aminomethyltrioxsalen [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine: corresponds to cell attachment site of fibronectin; located near carboxyl-terminal region of alpha-chain of fibrinogen; inhibits platelet aggregation & fibrinogen binding to activated platelets | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ||
thiopyronine thiopyronine: RN in Chemline for cpd with ZnCl4: 52171-29-6 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
dityrosine dityrosine: o,o'-biphenol analog of tyrosine; isolated from insoluble protein of human cataractous lenses; structure. dityrosine : A biphenyl compound comprising two tyrosine residues linked at carbon-3 of their benzene rings. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | biphenyls; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative | biomarker |
epicatechin gallate epicatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor; RN given refers to the (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source; isolated from green tea. (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of epicatechin. A natural product found in Parapiptadenia rigida. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | catechin; gallate ester; polyphenol | EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; metabolite |
4-desmethoxyverapamil [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
sepimostate mesilate sepimostate mesilate: used in therapy of pancreatitis; structure given in first source | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
asiaticoside [no description available] | 7.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent |
deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen. | 3.05 | 5 | 0 | ||
glycofurol [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
glutarylphenylalanine-4-nitroanilide glutarylphenylalanine-4-nitroanilide: substrate for Streptomyces griseus protease 3 | 3.39 | 7 | 0 | ||
acetylphenylalanamide [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
gamma-glutamylphenylalanine gamma-glutamylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (L-Phe-L-Glu)-isomer. gamma-Glu-Phe : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the side-chain carboxy group of L-glutamic acid with the amino group of L-phenylalanine.. gamma-glutamylphenylalanine : A dipeptide composed of glutamic acid and phenylalanine joined together by a peptide linkage. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | human urinary metabolite |
leucinamide leucinamide: leucine aminopeptidase alternative substrate to leucyl beta naphthylamide; RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
precirol precirol: octadecanoic acid esters; 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester mixed with 3-hydroxy-2-((1-oxohexadecyl)oxy)propyl octadienoate & 2-((1-oxohexadecyl)oxy)-1,3-propanediol; auxiliary in tableting; alpha glycerol palmitostearate | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
3',4'-dichlorobenzamil 3',4'-dichlorobenzamil: inhibits Na-Ca exchange in membrane vesicle & papillary muscle preparations from guinea pig heart | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | guanidines; pyrazines | |
valerates Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters. | 3.45 | 8 | 0 | short-chain fatty acid anion; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion | plant metabolite |
monobromobimane monobromobimane: fluorescent when reacted with thiol group; RN & N1 from CA Vol 91 Form Index; inhibits platelet calcium-dependent protease activity & the ability of dibucaine-stimulated platelets to support factor X activation; structure in first source. monobromobimane : A pyrazolopyrazole that consists of 1H,7H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazole-1,7-dione bearing three methyl substituents at positions 2, 5 and 6 as well as a bromomethyl substituent at the 3-position. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | organobromine compound; pyrazolopyrazole | fluorochrome |
thromboxanes thromboxane : A class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
dihydro-dids [no description available] | 3.22 | 6 | 0 | ||
s-methyl glutathione [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | methyl sulfide; S-substituted glutathione; zwitterion | |
8-azidoadenosine-3',5'-monophosphate [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
cp 65,526 azidoprazosin: labeled with 125I | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
chymosin Chymosin: The predominant milk-clotting enzyme from the true stomach or abomasum of the suckling calf. It is secreted as an inactive precursor called prorennin and converted in the acid environment of the stomach to the active enzyme. EC 3.4.23.4. | 5.53 | 23 | 0 | ||
caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis. | 3.49 | 8 | 0 | fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion | human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine: water-soluble reagent which irreversibly reduces disulfides to thiols at room temperature & is active below neutral pH; used for quantitation of iodine and iodate. TCEP : A tertiary phosphine in which phosphane is substituted with three 2-carboxyethyl groups. It is a commonly used reducing agent. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | phosphine derivative; tricarboxylic acid | reducing agent |
a 63162 N-hydroxy-N-(1-(4-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl)ethyl)-acetamide: structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
n-(1-anilinonaphthalyl)-4-maleimide [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
methylthio-adp [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
beta-(5-hydroxy-2-pyridyl)alanine beta-(5-hydroxy-2-pyridyl)alanine: from Streptomyces; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
4-(aminosulfonyl)-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole 4-(aminosulfonyl)-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole: structure given in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
7-fluoro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
delta-hydroxylysylnorleucine delta-hydroxylysylnorleucine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
benzoyl-coenzyme a benzoyl-coenzyme A: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
tryptophan methyl ester tryptophan methyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd(DL)-isomer | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | ||
4-(n-(iodoacetoxy)ethyl-n-methyl)amino-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole 4-(N-(iodoacetoxy)ethyl-N-methyl)amino-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole: fluorescent probe | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
dansylarginine n-(3-ethyl-1,5-pentanediyl)amide dansylarginine N-(3-ethyl-1,5-pentanediyl)amide: fluorescent inhibitor of thrombin; structure | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
1-ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)carbodiimide methiodide [no description available] | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | ||
celastrol [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; metabolite |
peroxynitrous acid Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES). | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | nitrogen oxoacid | |
perchlorate perchlorate: the explosive component of rocket fuel; an environmental contaminant that disrupts THYROID HORMONES. perchlorate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of perchloric acid. | 2.61 | 2 | 0 | chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion | |
fullerene c60 Fullerenes: A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.. fullerene : A compound composed solely of an even number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycyclic system with twelve five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The term has been broadened to include any closed cage structure consisting entirely of three-coordinate carbon atoms. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | fullerene | geroprotector |
1,n(6)-ethenoadenosine diphosphate 1,N(6)-ethenoadenosine diphosphate: polarized fluorescence reagents | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
n,n',n''-triacetylchitotriose N,N',N''-triacetylchitotriose: used for affinity chromatography of potato lectin when coupled to Sepharose; structure | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-hexosamine | |
enkephalin-met, arg(6)-gly(7)-leu(8)- enkephalin-Met, Arg(6)-Gly(7)-Leu(8)-: from bovine adrenal medulla; has 35% the opiate receptor binding activity of Met-enkephalin | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
kyotorphin kyotorphin: morphine-like dipeptide from bovine brain; RN given refers to (L-Arg-L-Tyr)-isomer. Tyr-Arg : A dipeptide composed of L-tyrosine and L-arginine joined by a peptide linkage. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | dipeptide | |
5,5'-bis(8-(phenylamino)-1-naphthalenesulfonate) [no description available] | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | ||
glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine: synthetic peptide from fibronectins; inhibits experimental metastasis of murine melanoma cells | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
5-iodoacetamidofluorescein [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
hoe 694 3-methylsulfonyl-4-piperidinobenzoyl guanidine: structure given in first source; a potent inhibitor of the Na+/H+ exchanger | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate: structure given in first source | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(3-iodophenyl)diazirine 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(3-iodophenyl)diazirine: photoactivatable probe, carbene-generating reagent | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | ||
benzoylarginine ethyl ester benzoylarginine ethyl ester: used as substrate for trypsin; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | ||
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone 1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone: structure given in first source. 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one : A differentiation-inducing factor that is hexaphenone bearing two chloro substituents at positions 3 and 5, two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as a single methoxy substituent at position 4. A secreted, chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells. | 3.91 | 13 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; differentiation-inducing factor; monomethoxybenzene; resorcinols | eukaryotic metabolite; signalling molecule |
n-acetylneuraminoyllactose 3'-sialyllactose: structure in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
statine statine: amine component of pepstatin; structure | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
methyl 4-mercaptobutyrimidate methyl 4-mercaptobutyrimidate: used as a cross-linking agent to study ribosomal proteins, by making disulfide linkages; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; oxoacid derivative | |
3,3'-dithiobis(sulfosuccinimidyl propionate) 3,3'-dithiobis(sulfosuccinimidyl propionate): structure given in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
e 64 E 64: cysteine protease inhibitor of microbial origin, which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.-) | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoamide; epoxy monocarboxylic acid; guanidines; L-leucine derivative; zwitterion | antimalarial; antiparasitic agent; protease inhibitor |
dimethyl dithiobispropionimidate dimethyl dithiobispropionimidate: bifunctional reagent with disulfide group; cross-links membrane proteins & hemoglobin in erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
dehydroalanine 2-ammonioprop-2-enoate : An amino acid zwitterion resulting from a transfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the amino group of 2-aminoacrylic acid.. 2-aminoacrylic acid : A 2,3-dehydroamino acid that is alanine which has been dehydrogenated to introduce a double bond between positions 2 and 3. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | 2,3-dehydroamino acid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; enamine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | alkylating agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
4-azido-7-phenylpyrazolo-(1,5a)-1,3,5-triazine 4-azido-7-phenylpyrazolo-(1,5a)-1,3,5-triazine: structure given in first source | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
chloroterpyridineplatinum(ii) [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: do not confuse with phosphatidylinositols which have fatty acids esterified at the C-1 and C-2 hydroxyl groups of glycerol | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | ||
tertiary-butyloxycarbonyl-valyl-prolyl-arginyl-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin tertiary-butyloxycarbonyl-valyl-prolyl-arginyl-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin: synthetic oligopeptide with fluorescent detector | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
benzyloxycarbonyl-phenylalanylarginine-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide benzyloxycarbonyl-phenylalanylarginine-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide: substrate for measurement of human prekallikrein | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
2-nitro-4-azidophenylsulfenyl chloride 2-nitro-4-azidophenylsulfenyl chloride: heterobifunctional photoaffinity reagent; structure in first source | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
dibromobimane dibromobimane : A pyrazolopyrazole that consists of 1H,7H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazole-1,7-dione bearing two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as two bromomethyl substituents at positions 3 and 5. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | organobromine compound; pyrazolopyrazole | fluorochrome |
methotrexate [no description available] | 3.05 | 5 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines | abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent |
ly 186126 LY 186126: structure given in first source | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
alanyl-alanyl-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone [no description available] | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
3-benzyl-n-(methanesulfonyloxy)succinimide 3-benzyl-N-(methanesulfonyloxy)succinimide: structure given in first source | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
4-hydroxy-25-desoxyneorollinicin 4-hydroxy-25-desoxyneorollinicin: isol from Rollina papilionella; structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
didodecyl n-(alpha-trimethylammonioacetyl)glutamate didodecyl N-(alpha-trimethylammonioacetyl)glutamate: used in preparing cationic multilamellar vesicles | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
omega-n-methylarginine omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent. | 3.23 | 6 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; arginine derivative; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
5'-(4-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl)adenosine 5'-(4-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl)adenosine: affinity label of the inhibitory DPNH site of bovine liver dehydrogenase; adenosylhomocysteinase antagonist; structure | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | ||
4-methylumbelliferylguanidinobenzoate [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
butoxamine Butoxamine: A beta-2 selective adrenergic antagonist. It is used primarily in animal and tissue experiments to characterize BETA-2 ANDRENERGIC RECEPTORS. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
triiodothyronine L-homocysteine thiolactone : A thiolactone arising from formal condensation of the mercapto (sulfanyl) and carboxylic acid groups of L-homocysteine. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | tetrahydrothiophenes; thiolactone | human metabolite |
alpha-ergocryptine ergocryptine: a component of the ergotoxine complex; it is the main ergot alkaloid of Japanese & South American wid grasses; minor descriptor (76-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search ERGOLINES (76-86); RN given refers to ((5'alpha)-isomer). alpha-ergocryptine : Ergotaman bearing hydroxy, isopropyl, and 2-methylpropyl groups at the 12', 2' and 5' positions, respectively, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid. Ergocryptine discussed in the literature prior to 1967, when beta-ergocryptine was separated from alpha-ergocryptine, is now referred to as alpha-ergocryptine. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ergot alkaloid | |
aspartame [no description available] | 6.97 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic acid; dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide; methyl ester | apoptosis inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; micronutrient; nutraceutical; sweetening agent; xenobiotic |
8-azido-s-adenosylmethionine [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
3-benzyl-6-chloro-2-pyrone 3-benzyl-6-chloro-2-pyrone: structure given in first source | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | ||
xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source | 3.65 | 10 | 0 | D-xylose | |
l 645151 L 645151: structure given in first source | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam | |
phytol [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2. | 12.19 | 74 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae: The gourd plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is sometimes placed in its own order, Cucurbitales. 'Melon' generally refers to CUCUMIS; CITRULLUS; or MOMORDICA. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
benzophenone-4-maleimide benzophenone-4-maleimide: structure given in first source | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
peptide elongation factor 2 Peptide Elongation Factor 2: Peptide Elongation Factor 2 catalyzes the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the A site to the P site of eukaryotic ribosomes by a process linked to the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
n-benzoyltyrosine N-benzoyltyrosine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine : An N-acyl-L-tyrosine that is L-tyrosine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a benzoyl group. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | benzamides; N-acyl-L-tyrosine | |
tyrosinamide tyrosinamide: RN given refers to (S)-isomer. L-tyrosinamide : An amino acid amide that is L-tyrosine in which the carboxy OH group is replaced by NH2. | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | amino acid amide; L-tyrosine derivative | |
phenylalanylphenylalanine methyl ester phenylalanylphenylalanine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
1,4-diaminobutanone 1,4-diaminobutanone: RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
beta-aspartyl phosphate 4-phospho-L-aspartic acid : The 4-phospho derivative of L-aspartic acid.. 4-phospho-L-aspartate : An L-alpha-amino acid anion arsing from deprotonation of the carboxy and phosphate OH groups of 4-phospho-L-aspartic acid. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aminoacyl phosphate; L-aspartic acid derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite |
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species | |
lactitol lactitol : A glycosyl alditol consisting of beta-D-galactopyranose and D-glucitol joined by a 1->4 glycosidic bond. It is used as a laxative, as an excipient, and as replacement bulk sweetener in some low-calorie foods. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | glycosyl alditol | cathartic; excipient; laxative |
naphthalenediimide naphthalenediimide: structure in first source | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
olmesartan olmesartan: an active metabolite of CS 866 | 2 | 1 | 0 | biphenylyltetrazole | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent |
tipifarnib [no description available] | 3.45 | 1 | 1 | imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound; quinolone | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor |
2-iodo-7,8-dibromodibenzo-1,4-dioxin 2-iodo-7,8-dibromodibenzo-1,4-dioxin: structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | chalcogen; monoatomic oxygen; nonmetal atom | macronutrient |
fenton's reagent Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
carbodiimides Carbodiimides: Compounds with the general formula RN=C=NR, where R is a hydrocarbyl group.. methanediimine : A carbodiimide in which both nitrogens are unsubstituted. | 3.57 | 9 | 0 | carbodiimide | |
carbazic acid [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; one-carbon compound | |
zirconium phosphate zirconium phosphate: reagent for carcinoembryonic antigen determination in plasma from patients having benign or malignant disease; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified ratio | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
5-hydroxydopa 5-hydroxydopa: RN given refers to unspecified isomer | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
s-adenosyl-2-methylmethionine S-adenosyl-2-methylmethionine: inhibitor of mammalian S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
ampelopsin ampelopsin: hepatoprotective agent; isolated from Hovenia dulcis; RN given for (2R-trans)-isomer; structure in first source. (+)-dihydromyricetin : An optically active form of dihydromyricetin having (2R,3R)-configuration. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | dihydromyricetin; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite |
cholecystokinin 9 cholecystokinin 9: nonapeptide | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
nicotinamide 2-azidoadenine dinucleotide [no description available] | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
trityrosine trityrosine: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
epsilon-n-methyllysine epsilon-N-methyllysine: RN given refers to (L-Lys)-isomer; structure. N(6)-methyllysine : A lysine derivative that is lysine in which one of the hydrogens attached to N(6) is substituted by a methyl group.. N(6)-methyl-L-lysine : An L-lysine derivative that is L-lysine in which one of the hydrogens attached to N(6) is substituted by a methyl group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
4-guanidinophenylalanine [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
n-acetylhomocysteine N-acetylhomocysteine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
metaperiodate metaperiodate: RN given refers to periodic acid, Na salt; structure. periodate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of periodic acid. | 3.22 | 6 | 0 | iodine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion | |
2,6-mansyl chloride 2,6-mansyl chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
aminochrome 1 dopaminechrome: structure given in first source. dopaminechrome (enol form) : A member of the class of indolones that is 3,5-dihydro-2H-indole substituted by an oxo group at position 5 and a hydroxy group at position 6.. dopaminechrome (keto form) : A member of the class of indoledione that is 2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-indole carrying oxo groups at positions 5 and 6; major microspecies at pH 7.3. It is an endogenous compound formed during dopamine oxidation and can induce neurotoxicity under certain aberrant conditions and induce Parkinson-like syndrome. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | indoledione; orthoquinones | neurotoxin |
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms. | 6.03 | 22 | 0 | biotins; vitamin B7 | coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
carbobenzyloxyleucyl-tyrosine chloromethyl ketone [no description available] | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V). | 6.43 | 34 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II | human metabolite |
3-amino-2-hydroxy-5-methylhexanoic acid 3-amino-2-hydroxy-5-methylhexanoic acid: structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
piloplex Piloplex: emulsion containing pilocarpine polymer salt; designed to give sustained release of pilocarpine | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3. | 7.15 | 35 | 1 | ||
fk 448 FK 448: RN given refers to methanesulfonate; structure given in first source | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | ||
lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | ||
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid. | 4.53 | 25 | 0 | divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion | |
scutellarin scutellarin: see scutellarein for aglycone. scutellarin : The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of scutellarein. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor |
4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl fluoride 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl fluoride: protein modifying agent | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
benzoyltyrosine 4-nitroanilide benzoyltyrosine 4-nitroanilide: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | 3.22 | 6 | 0 | ||
diazoacetamide [no description available] | 6.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
2-aminosuberic acid 2-aminosuberic acid: RN refers to (R)-isomer | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
4-azobenzenetrimethylammonium p-azophenyltrimethylammonium : An azobenzene derivative carrying two para-trimethylammonium substituents. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
viccillin s (combination) Viccillin S (combination): RN given refers to combination of above two cpds | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
maltosyl isothiocyanate maltosyl isothiocyanate: used as affinity label for the glucose transporter of the human erythrocyte membrane | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
arginine-4-nitroanilide arginine-4-nitroanilide: bound to agarose for use as immobilized substrate for trypsin | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
pi 083 PI 083: from Streptomyces matensis A-6621 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
4-chloro-alpha-cyanocinnamic acid 4-chloro-alpha-cyanocinnamic acid: a MALDI matrix | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
cholic acid Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12. | 4.99 | 3 | 1 | 12alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; bile acid; C24-steroid; trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
erythritol [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol | antioxidant; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively. | 7.66 | 19 | 1 | bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human blood serum metabolite |
cortisone [no description available] | 5.39 | 20 | 0 | 11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
methandriol Methandriol: A synthetic steroid with anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1188) | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 3-hydroxy steroid | androgen |
cellulose triacetate cellulose triacetate: for hemodialysis filtration | 6.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
exaltolide exaltolide: synthetic musk odor; structure | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | macrolide | |
3-nitrotyrosine 3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | 2-nitrophenols; C-nitro compound; nitrotyrosine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | |
sodium sulfide sodium sulfide: see also record for sodium bisulfide; actisoufre is the sodium sulfide component of sulfur-containing thermal springs which is also found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
potassium bromide potassium bromide : A metal bromide salt with a K(+) counterion. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | potassium salt | |
sodium bromide sodium bromide: RN given refers to parent cpd. sodium bromide : An inorganic sodium salt having bromide as the counterion. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | bromide salt; inorganic sodium salt | |
metribolone Metribolone: A synthetic non-aromatizable androgen and anabolic steroid. It binds strongly to the androgen receptor and has therefore also been used as an affinity label for this receptor in the prostate and in prostatic tumors.. 17beta-hydroxy-17-methylestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one : A synthetic non-aromatisable androgen and anabolic steroid. It binds strongly to the androgen receptor and has therefore also been used as an affinity label for this receptor in the prostate and in prostatic tumors. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid | androgen |
withaferin a withaferin A: an antiestrogen and phytogenic antineoplastic agent isolated from leaves of Withania somnifera Dun.; structure. withaferin A : A withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergosta-2,24-diene-1,26-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 27 (the 4beta,5beta,6beta,22R stereoisomer). Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits cytotoxic activity. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | 27-hydroxy steroid; 4-hydroxy steroid; delta-lactone; enone; epoxy steroid; ergostanoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol; withanolide | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer |
fusicoccin fusicoccin: phytotoxic glycoside from Fusicoccum amydali; structure | 3.18 | 1 | 0 | ||
withanolides Withanolides: Ergostane derivatives of 28 carbons with oxygens at C1, C22, and C26 positions and the side chain cyclized. They are found in WITHANIA plant genus and have cytotoxic and other effects. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
sorbinil sorbinil: aldose reductase inhibitor. sorbinil : An azaspiro compound having a monofluoro-substituted chromane skeleton spiro-linked to an imidazolidinedione ring. | 2 | 1 | 0 | azaspiro compound; chromanes; imidazolidinone; organofluorine compound; oxaspiro compound | antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor |
miltefosine 1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1-dioxide: used to probe serine proteases; structure in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
cryptophycin cryptophycin: a potent antitumor cyclic depsipeptide active against drug-resistant cells; from cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) of the genus Nostoc; structure given in first source; | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
bortezomib [no description available] | 7.14 | 19 | 1 | amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines | antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor |
ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas | antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic |
dihydropyridines Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
leupeptins Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins. | 4.47 | 23 | 0 | ||
carboplatin [no description available] | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | ||
lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | inorganic chloride; lithium salt | antimanic drug; geroprotector |
s-adenosylhomocysteine S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | adenosines; amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine derivative; homocysteines; organic sulfide | cofactor; EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor; epitope; fundamental metabolite |
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues. | 5.21 | 12 | 1 | ||
sorbose sorbopyranose : The pyranose form of sorbose.. L-sorbopyranose : The L-stereoisomer of sorbopyranose. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | L-sorbose; sorbopyranose | |
arabinose [no description available] | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | L-arabinose | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
n-acetylneuraminic acid N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl. | 4.88 | 11 | 0 | N-acetylneuraminic acids | antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot. | 5.97 | 36 | 0 | peptide | |
bradykinin [no description available] | 12.28 | 58 | 0 | oligopeptide | human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent |
canavanine L-canavanine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-homoserine substituted at oxygen with a guanidino (carbamimidamido) group. Although structurally related to L-arginine, it is non-proteinogenic. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite |
amylopectin Amylopectin: A highly branched glucan in starch.. amylopectin : A polydisperse highly branched polysaccharide derivative composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage. The chains are joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some 6-phosphate ester groups also may occur. The branches in amylopectin typically contain 24 to 30 glucose residues. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
hexacyanoferrate iii hexacyanoferrate III: RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2. | 4.51 | 25 | 0 | D-glucosamine | Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite |
elastin [no description available] | 4.76 | 32 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
carnosine polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; dipeptide | anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Daphnia magna metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
mevalonic acid Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid | |
raffinose Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively. | 4.37 | 6 | 0 | raffinose family oligosaccharide; trisaccharide | mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ||
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour. | 10.12 | 15 | 0 | heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone | oxytocic; vasodilator agent |
laminaran beta-1,3-glucan: component of fungal cell walls; also used as antitumor polysaccharide; unspecified D usually means BETA-GLUCANS; beta-1,3-D-glucan is also available; glucan phosphate is also available; biosynthesis is inhibited by echinocandins (cyclic hexapeptides). laminarin : A polysaccharide composed of beta-(1->3)-linked glucose residues containing sporadic beta-(1->6)-linkages as branch points or inter-residue linkages and 2-3% D-mannitol at some reducing termini. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
pantetheine Pantetheine: An intermediate in the pathway of coenzyme A formation in mammalian liver and some microorganisms.. pantetheine : An amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of pantothenic acid and the amino group of cysteamine. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | pantetheines; thiol | human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
dithioerythritol [no description available] | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol | reducing agent |
tryptophanamide tryptophanamide: used as inhibitor of chymotrypsin; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. L-tryptophanamide : An amino acid amide that is the carboxamide of L-tryptophan. | 6.94 | 1 | 0 | amino acid amide; tryptophan derivative | human metabolite |
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | myo-inositol trisphosphate | mouse metabolite |
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus. | 5.26 | 17 | 0 | 11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite |
salicin [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | aromatic primary alcohol; aryl beta-D-glucoside; benzyl alcohols | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug |
casein hydrolysate casein hydrolysate: an ingredient of trypticase soy broth; casitone is a tryptic digest of casein | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
puromycin [no description available] | 5.18 | 16 | 0 | puromycins | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor; nucleoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor |
stachyose stachyose: RN given refers to parent cpd. stachyose : A tetrasaccharide consisting of sucrose having an alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactosyl moiety attached at the 6-position of the glucose. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | raffinose family oligosaccharide; tetrasaccharide | mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of Serine Endopeptidases. Acts as alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.. N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone : The N-tosyl derivative of L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone. | 4.83 | 34 | 0 | alpha-chloroketone; sulfonamide | alkylating agent; serine proteinase inhibitor |
pentostatin Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | coformycins | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor |
monoiodotyrosine Monoiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of tyrosine. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE), tyrosine is first iodized to monoiodotyrosine.. iodotyrosine : A tyrosine derivative which has at least one iodo-substituent on the benzyl moiety.. monoiodotyrosine : An iodotyrosine carrying a single iodo substituent.. 3-iodo-L-tyrosine : The monoiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying an iodo-substituent at position C-3 of the benzyl group. | 3.05 | 5 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; L-tyrosine derivative; monoiodotyrosine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
taurolithocholic acid Taurolithocholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from lithocholic acid conjugation with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It solubilizes fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurolithocholic acid : The bile acid taurine conjugate of lithocholic acid. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | bile acid taurine conjugate; monocarboxylic acid amide | human metabolite |
nitroarginine Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group. | 4 | 14 | 0 | guanidines; L-arginine derivative; N-nitro compound; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
trimethyllysine trimethyllysine: stimulates growth of tumor cells; RN given refers to (S)-isomer | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino-acid cation | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
adenosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate): RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for thio group; see also records for 1-thio & 2-thio-isomers. adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is ATP in which one of the oxygens attached to 3-phosphate group is replaced by sulfur. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | nucleoside triphosphate analogue | |
dehydroascorbic acid Dehydroascorbic Acid: The reversibly oxidized form of ascorbic acid. It is the lactone of 2,3-DIKETOGULONIC ACID and has antiscorbutic activity in man on oral ingestion.. L-dehydroascorbate : An organic anion and the conjugate base of L-dehydroascorbic acid, arising from deprotonation of the acidic C2-position.. L-dehydroascorbic acid : Dehydroascorbic acid having the L-configuration. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | dehydroascorbic acid; vitamin C | coenzyme; mouse metabolite |
arbutin hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative | Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite |
cellulase Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position. | 3.68 | 10 | 0 | cellotriose | |
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | cinchona alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker |
monensin Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | cyclic hemiketal; monocarboxylic acid; polyether antibiotic; spiroketal | antifungal agent; coccidiostat; ionophore |
phalloidine Phalloidine: Very toxic polypeptide isolated mainly from AMANITA phalloides (Agaricaceae) or death cup; causes fatal liver, kidney and CNS damage in mushroom poisoning; used in the study of liver damage.. phalloidin : A homodetic bicyclic heptapeptide having a sulfide bridge. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | homodetic cyclic peptide | |
bullatacinone bullatacinone: structure given in first source; isolated from bark of Annona bullata | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | oligosaccharide | |
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed) | 9.07 | 4 | 0 | ||
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor. | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | tripeptide | |
devazepide Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; indolecarboxamide | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cholecystokinin antagonist; gastrointestinal drug |
sodium arsenite sodium arsenite : An inoganic sodium salt with formula with formula NaAsO2. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | arsenic molecular entity; inorganic sodium salt | antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; herbicide; insecticide; rodenticide |
erythromycin ethylsuccinate Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin ethylsuccinate : A erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydroxy group at position 3R is substituted by a (4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy group. It is used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | cyclic ketone; erythromycin derivative; ethyl ester; succinate ester | |
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds. | 3.7 | 10 | 0 | cyclodextrin | |
maleic acid maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | butenedioic acid | algal metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
argininal [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
acetyl coenzyme a Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent. | 3.75 | 3 | 0 | acyl-CoA | acyl donor; coenzyme; effector; fundamental metabolite |
e-z cinnamic acid cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | cinnamic acid | plant metabolite |
ergosterol [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols | fungal metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | retinoic acid; vitamin A | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule |
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid. | 3.37 | 7 | 0 | icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid | Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
alpha-cyclodextrin alpha-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of six alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | cyclodextrin | |
fumaric acid fumaric acid: see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters. fumaric acid : A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | butenedioic acid | food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector |
phosphoramidon phosphoramidon: a membrane metallo-endopeptidase & endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor; thermolysin inhibitor from culture filtrate of Streptomyces tanashiensis; structure. phosphoramidon : A dipeptide isolated from the cultures of Streptomyces tanashiensis. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | deoxyaldohexose phosphate; dipeptide | bacterial metabolite; EC 3.4.24.11 (neprilysin) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.71 (endothelin-converting enzyme 1) inhibitor |
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | resveratrol | antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger |
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified). | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | retinol; vitamin A | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
palmitoleic acid hexadecenoate : A long-chain unsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of hexadecenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | hexadec-9-enoic acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human blood serum metabolite |
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry. | 4.77 | 12 | 0 | octadec-9-enoic acid | antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent |
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | macrolide lactam | bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent |
phenylalanine amide phenylalanine amide: inhibits an isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase; RN given for cpd without isomeric designation. L-phenylalanine amide : An amino acid amide derived from L-phenylalanine. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | amino acid amide; phenylalanine derivative | |
pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid. | 4.69 | 9 | 0 | D-galactopyranuronic acid | |
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca. | 2.63 | 3 | 0 | benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic |
eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid | anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone | calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor |
tetragastrin Tetragastrin: L-Tryptophyl-L-methionyl-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalaninamide. The C-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin. It is the smallest peptide fragment of gastrin which has the same physiological and pharmacological activity as gastrin.. tetragastrin : A tetrapeptide composed of L-tryptophan, L-methione, L-aspartic acid and L-phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | peptidyl amide; tetrapeptide | anxiogenic; human metabolite |
clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
keratan sulfate Keratan Sulfate: A sulfated mucopolysaccharide initially isolated from bovine cornea. At least two types are known. Type I, found mostly in the cornea, contains D-galactose and D-glucosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit; type II, found in skeletal tissues, contains D-galactose and D-galactosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit.. keratan sulfate : A sulfated glycosaminoglycan, a linear polymer that consists of the repeating disaccharide [3)-beta-Gal-(1->4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1->] and containing sulfo groups located at random positions.. keratan 6'-sulfate : A keratan sulfate with random sulfation at the 6'-position. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | macrolide antibiotic | antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
argininamide argininamide: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. L-arginine amide : An amino acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-arginine with ammonia. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | amino acid amide; guanidines; L-arginine derivative | |
cytidine monophosphate n-acetylneuraminic acid Cytidine Monophosphate N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: A nucleoside monophosphate sugar which donates N-acetylneuraminic acid to the terminal sugar of a ganglioside or glycoprotein.. CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acid : A nucleotide sugar used as a donor by glycosyltransferases for the synthesis of sugar chains | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | CMP-N-acyl-beta-neuraminic acid | mouse metabolite |
prostaglandin d2 Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer). | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | prostaglandins D | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | olefinic compound; polyphenol | antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen |
afimoxifene afimoxifene : A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | phenols; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; estrogen receptor antagonist; metabolite |
imidazolidines [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | azacycloalkane; imidazolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent | |
aclarubicin Aclarubicin: An anthracycline produced by Streptomyces galilaeus. It has potent antineoplastic activity.. aclacinomycin A : An anthracycline antibiotic that is produced by Streptomyces galilaeus and also has potent antineoplastic activity. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | aminoglycoside; anthracycline; methyl ester; phenols; polyketide; tetracenequinones; trisaccharide derivative; zwitterion | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor |
iridoids Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES). | 3.61 | 2 | 0 | ||
laminaran laminaran: beta-1,3-glucan | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015) | 5.72 | 28 | 0 | actinomycin | mutagen |
bevirimat bevirimat: an HIV inhibitor; disrupts late step in processing HIV Major Core Protein p24, preventing the capsid precursor p25 from being converted to mature capsid p24. bevirimat : A pentacyclic triterpenoid obtained by the formal condensation of 2,2-dimethylsuccinic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of betulinic acid. It is isolated from the Chinese herb Syzygium claviflorum. The first in the class of HIV-1 maturation inhibitors to be studied in humans, bevirimat was identified as a potent HIV drug candidate and several clinical trials were conducted, but development into a new drug was plagued by numerous resistance-related problems. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | HIV-1 maturation inhibitor; metabolite |
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring. | 2 | 1 | 0 | L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent |
enkephalin, leucine Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties. | 5.2 | 16 | 0 | pentapeptide; peptide zwitterion | analgesic; delta-opioid receptor agonist; human metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; rat metabolite |
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative. | 3.65 | 9 | 0 | amino aldehyde; carbamate ester; tripeptide | proteasome inhibitor |
riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms). | 3.34 | 7 | 0 | flavin; vitamin B2 | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite |
tyrosine o-sulfate O(4')-sulfo-L-tyrosine : An O-sulfoamino acid that is L-tyrosine in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a sulfo group. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfate; L-tyrosine derivative; O-sulfoamino acid | human metabolite |
sodium thiocyanate sodium thiocyanate: RN given refers to thiocyanic acid, Na salt. sodium thiocyanate : An organic sodium salt which is the monosodium salt of thiocyanic acid. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
potassium thiocyanate potassium thiocyanate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-CHNS. potassium thiocyanate : A potassium salt which is the monopotassium salt of thiocyanic acid. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | potassium salt | |
potassium permanganate Potassium Permanganate: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed) | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt | antacid; food anticaking agent |
sodium perchlorate sodium perchlorate : An inorganic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and perchlorate ions. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt | |
bromochloroacetic acid Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process. | 5.65 | 26 | 0 | 2-bromocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound | |
calix(4)arene calix(4)arene: a cyclophane consisting of four phenolic units linked by methylene groups; structure in first source | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
glycosides [no description available] | 5.99 | 15 | 0 | ||
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 6.71 | 92 | 0 | isomethyleugenol | |
retinaldehyde Retinaldehyde: A diterpene derived from the carotenoid VITAMIN A which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is the prosthetic group of RHODOPSIN (i.e., covalently bonded to ROD OPSIN as 11-cis-retinal). When stimulated by visible light, rhodopsin transforms this cis-isomer of retinal to the trans-isomer (11-trans-retinal). This transformation straightens-out the bend of the retinal molecule and causes a change in the shape of rhodopsin triggering the visual process. A series of energy-requiring enzyme-catalyzed reactions convert the 11-trans-retinal back to the cis-isomer.. all-trans-retinal : A retinal in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry. | 3.46 | 8 | 0 | retinal; vitamin A | gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene. | 3.76 | 11 | 0 | stilbene | |
flavin-adenine dinucleotide Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972) | 3.83 | 12 | 0 | flavin adenine dinucleotide; vitamin B2 | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prosthetic group |
malonyl coenzyme a Malonyl Coenzyme A: A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.. omega-carboxyacyl-CoA : An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | malonyl-CoAs | EC 2.3.1.21 (carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | vasopressin | cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen |
pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups. | 3.46 | 8 | 0 | diphosphate ion | |
palmitoyl coenzyme a Palmitoyl Coenzyme A: A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis.. palmitoyl-CoA : A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the thiol group of coenzyme A. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | 11,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA; 3-substituted propionyl-CoA; long-chain fatty acyl-CoA; palmitoyl bioconjugate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
dodecylphosphocholine dodecylphosphocholine: phospholipase A2 inhibitor; RN refers to chloride. dodecylphosphocholine : A phosphocholine that is the monododecyl ester of phosphocholine | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | phosphocholines | detergent |
azidopine azidopine: structure given in first source | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | benzamides | |
methylacetylphosphonate methylacetylphosphonate: inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, don't confuse with methyl acetylphosphonate | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
polidocanol Polidocanol: An alkyl polyglycol ether of LAURYL ALCOHOL, chemically defined as an alcohol ethoxylate having an average alkyl chain of 12–14 carbon atoms, and an ethylene oxide chain of 9 ethylene oxide units. It is used as a detergent, and medically as a local anesthetic, and as a sclerosing agent for the treatment of ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC VARICES and VARICOSE VEINS.. polidocanol : A hydroxypolyether that is nonaethylene glycol in which one of the terminal hydroxy functions is substituted by a lauryl (dodecyl) group. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | hydroxypolyether | hepatotoxic agent; nonionic surfactant; sclerotherapy agent |
isopropyl thiogalactoside Isopropyl Thiogalactoside: A non-metabolizable galactose analog that induces expression of the LAC OPERON.. isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside : An S-glycosyl compound consisting of beta-D-1-thiogalactose having an isopropyl group attached to the anomeric sulfur. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | S-glycosyl compound | |
leuprolide Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty. | 3.13 | 5 | 0 | oligopeptide | anti-estrogen; antineoplastic agent; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist |
arachin [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
sesquiterpenes [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
methylthiouracil Methylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidone | |
thioinosine Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503) | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-4h-pyran 2-(2-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-ylidene)malononitrile: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
n-benzoylalanine N-benzoylalanine: RN given refers to parent cpd (L-Ala)-isomer. N-benzoylalanine : An N-acylamino acid that is the N-benzoyl derivative of alanine.. N-benzoyl-L-alanine : An N-acyl-L-alanine resulting from the formal condensation of L-alanine with the carboxy group of benzoic acid. | 2 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-L-alanine; N-benzoylalanine | metabolite |
phenylalanine methyl ester phenylalanine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. methyl L-phenylalaninate : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the methyl ester of L-phenylalanine. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | alpha-amino acid ester; L-phenylalanine derivative | |
urocanic acid Urocanic Acid: 4-Imidazoleacrylic acid.. urocanic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid substituted by a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. It is a metabolite of hidtidine.. trans-urocanic acid : A urocanic acid in which the double bond of the carboxyethene moiety has E configuration. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | urocanic acid | human metabolite |
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol | anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger |
rhodanine 2-mercaptothiazolinone: metabolite in urine from persons exposed to CS2; structure | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | thiazolidinone | |
thiohydantoins Thiohydantoins: Sulfur analogs of hydantoins with one or both carbonyl groups replaced by thiocarbonyl groups. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | ||
triethylammonium cation triethylammonium ion : An organoammonium cation having three ethyl substituents on the nitrogen atom. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ammonium ion derivative | |
4-fluorocinnamic acid 4-fluorocinnamic acid: RN given refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | cinnamic acids | |
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers. | 4.76 | 7 | 1 | capsaicinoid | non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker |
tosylarginine methyl ester Tosylarginine Methyl Ester: Arginine derivative which is a substrate for many proteolytic enzymes. As a substrate for the esterase from the first component of complement, it inhibits the action of C(l) on C(4). | 3.2 | 6 | 0 | guanidines; L-arginine ester; methyl ester; sulfonamide | |
oxazolone Oxazolone: Immunologic adjuvant and sensitizing agent. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas | antioxidant; chromophore |
sodium propionate sodium propionate: was term of propionic acid (1986-2006). sodium propionate : An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | antifungal drug; food preservative |
D-fructopyranose [no description available] | 3.89 | 13 | 0 | cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose | sweetening agent |
tempo TEMPO: structure. TEMPO : A member of the class of aminoxyls that is piperidine that carries an oxidanediyl group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 2, 2, 6, and 6, respectively. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | aminoxyls; piperidines | catalyst; ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger |
ferric ferrocyanide ferric ferrocyanide: antidote to thallium poisoning; RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:4] salt; structure | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
4-maleimido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinooxyl 4-maleimido-TEMPO : A member of the class of piperidines that is TEMPO carrying a maleimido group at position 4. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | aminoxyls; dicarboximide; maleimides; piperidines | radical scavenger; spin label |
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. | 3.04 | 1 | 0 | cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope |
tamoxifen [no description available] | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
sodium taurodeoxycholate Taurodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier.. taurodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.. taurodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurodeoxycholic acid. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | bile acid taurine conjugate | human metabolite |
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride: structure in first source | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | ||
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium: structure in first source. 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium : A 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium in which the alkyl substituent at C-1 is butyl. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium | |
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate: structure in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate: is a nonaqueous ionic liquid | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
nadp [no description available] | 4.21 | 18 | 0 | ||
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974) | 3 | 4 | 0 | ||
8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate [no description available] | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | ||
nap taurine NAP taurine: photochemical labelling reagent for erythrocyte membrane; structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
6-aminoquinolyl-n-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate: structure given in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
lincomycin Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | carbohydrate-containing antibiotic; L-proline derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; S-glycosyl compound | antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite |
valinomycin Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains. | 4.48 | 4 | 0 | cyclodepsipeptide; macrocycle | antimicrobial agent; antiviral agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore |
u 0126 U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfide; dinitrile; enamine; substituted aniline | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; osteogenesis regulator; vasoconstrictor agent |
laccase Laccase: A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products. | 8.53 | 8 | 0 | ||
glycylproline Gly-Pro : A dipeptide consisting of L-proline having a glycyl residue attached to its alpha-amino group. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide | metabolite |
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER. | 3.9 | 13 | 0 | alkali metal atom | |
zineb Zineb: An agricultural fungicide of the dithiocarbamate class. It has relatively low toxicity and there is little evidence of human injury from exposure.. zineb : A polymeric complex of zinc with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. Formerly used as an agricultural fungicide for the control of downy mildews and rusts, its use is no longer permitted in the US or the EU. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | dithiocarbamate salt; macromolecule; zinc coordination entity | antifungal agrochemical |
alpha-sarcin alpha-sarcin: basic protein 150 aa, MW 16 kDa; isolated from aspergillus giganteus; sequence similarity with ribonucleases such as RIBONUCLEASE T1; 85% identity with restrictocin; a ribotoxin cleaving the phosphodiester bond on the 3' side of G4325 in the alpha-sarcin/ricin domain of rat 28S RIBOSOMAL RNA; sometimes called a ribosome-inactivating protein but falls outside the normal definition of plant RIP that de-adenylate rRNA | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
maneb Maneb: Manganese derivative of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate. It is used in agriculture as a fungicide and has been shown to cause irritation to the eyes, nose, skin, and throat.. maneb : A polymeric complex of manganese with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. An agrochemical fungicide, it is used to control a variety of diseases including blight, leaf spot, rust, downy mildew and scab. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
dermatan sulfate Dermatan Sulfate: A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed). alpha-L-IdopA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc4S : An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside.. dermatan sulfate : Any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeating units consisting of variously sulfated beta1->4-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units. | 3.36 | 7 | 0 | amino disaccharide; glycosylgalactose derivative; iduronic acids; oligosaccharide sulfate | |
hydroxylysine Hydroxylysine: A hydroxylated derivative of the amino acid LYSINE that is present in certain collagens.. hydroxylysine : A hydroxy-amino acid in which the amino acid specified is lysine. A "closed" class.. erythro-5-hydroxy-L-lysine : A 5-hydroxylysine consisting of L-lysine having an (R)-hydroxy group at the 5-position.. 5-hydroxylysine : A hydroxylysine that is lysine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5. | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | 5-hydroxylysine; hydroxy-L-lysine | human metabolite |
monooctanoin monooctanoin: dissolution agent for retained cholesterol bile duct stones; RN in Chemline for octanoic acid, ester with 1,2,3-propanetriol, MF unknown: 11140-04-8; RN for octanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (1-monooctanoin): 502-54-5; RN in 9th CI Form Index for (+-)-1-monooctanoin: 19670-49-6. rac-1-monooctanoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol comprising equal amounts of 1-octanoyl-sn-glycerol and 3-octanoyl-sn-glycerol.. 1-monooctanoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has octanoyl as the acyl group. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | 1-monoglyceride; octanoate ester; rac-1-monoacylglycerol | |
tamoxifen aziridine tamoxifen aziridine: estrogen receptor inactivator; structure given in first source | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative | anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor |
quinine [no description available] | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | cinchona alkaloid | antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic |
4-((n-acetyl-l-tyrosyl)amino)benzoic acid 4-((N-Acetyl-L-tyrosyl)amino)benzoic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
beta-proline beta-proline: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester [no description available] | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
deltorphin deltorphin: isolated from skin of Phyllomedusa sauvagei; has affinity to opioid receptor; note deltorphin I and deltorphin II are available, they have Ala in position 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | peptide | |
dimethyl(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)sulfonium dimethyl(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)sulfonium: RN given refers to bromide | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
tryptophan tryptophylquinone tryptophan tryptophylquinone: prosthetic group of the quinoprotein methylamine dehydrogenase; structure given in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
cystine [no description available] | 6.96 | 59 | 0 | ||
4-azidophenylalanine 4-azidophenylalanine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. 4-azido-L-phenylalanine : A 4-azidophenylalanine that has L-configuration. It is used as a bioorthogonal click-chemistry reagent.. 4-azidophenylalanine : A phenylalanine derivative that is phenylalanine substituted by an azido group at position 4. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
copper(ii)-iminodiacetate copper(II)-iminodiacetate: catalyzes hydrolysis of alpha-amino acid esters | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
calixarenes Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
citryl-coenzyme a [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
cytellin cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
3-aminotyrosine [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
phosphothreonine Phosphothreonine: The phosphoric acid ester of threonine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and enzymes.. O-phospho-L-threonine : A L-threonine derivative phosphorylated at the side-chain hydroxy function. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | L-threonine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite |
poly(sodium vinyl sulfonate) lyapolate: sulfonic acid polymers represent a new class of HIV inhibitors | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | ||
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily. | 8.43 | 108 | 1 | ||
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate. | 14.45 | 119 | 1 | organic sodium salt | detergent; protein denaturant |
galactomannan galactomannan: a galectin inhibitor. galactomannan : A heteroglycan consisting of a mannan backbone with galactose side groups. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | oligosaccharide | |
chloramine-t chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | organic sodium salt | allergen; antifouling biocide; disinfectant |
zinc protoporphyrin ix [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
17-ketosteroids 17-Ketosteroids: Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17.. 17-oxo steroid : Any oxo steroid carrying the oxo group at position 17. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups. | 3.06 | 5 | 0 | ||
sodium borohydride sodium borohydride: RN given refers to parent cpd | 3.21 | 6 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt; metal tetrahydridoborate | |
hydroxyethylcellulose hydroxyethylcellulose: component of contact lens wetting solutions; aldiamed is an artificial saliva; RN given refers to parent cpd. hydroxyethylcellulose : A polysaccharide derivative that is cellulose in which hydroxyethyl groups are bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
cathepsin g Cathepsin G: A serine protease found in the azurophil granules of NEUTROPHILS. It has an enzyme specificity similar to that of chymotrypsin C. | 7.6 | 109 | 0 | ||
rhodamine 123 Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | organic cation; xanthene dye | fluorochrome |
myelin basic protein Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes. | 3.21 | 6 | 0 | ||
sulfosuccinimidyl 6-(biotinamido)hexanoate [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
2-mercaptoacetate 2-mercaptoacetate: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid anion | |
sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | sphing-4-enine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
quercetin [no description available] | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger |
bilirubin [no description available] | 6.76 | 19 | 1 | biladienes; dicarboxylic acid | antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | prostaglandins E | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic |
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
arachidonyltrifluoromethane arachidonyltrifluoromethane: structure given in first source; inhibits 85-kDa phospholipase A2. AACOCF3 : A fatty acid derivative that is arachidonic acid in which the OH part of the carboxy group has been replaced by a trifluoromethyl group | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | fatty acid derivative; ketone; olefinic compound; organofluorine compound | EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor |
apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia. | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | trihydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; metabolite |
luteolin [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone | angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist |
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry. | 3.12 | 5 | 0 | octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite |
vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors. | 3.46 | 8 | 0 | ||
11-cis-retinal Rhodopsin: A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.. 11-cis-retinal : A retinal having 2E,4Z,6E,8E-double bond geometry. | 3.34 | 7 | 0 | retinal | chromophore; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent |
thromboxane a2 Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | epoxy monocarboxylic acid; thromboxanes A | mouse metabolite |
hymecromone Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID. | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | antineoplastic agent; hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor |
alprostadil [no description available] | 5.06 | 10 | 1 | prostaglandins E | anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
stigmasterol stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol: isolated from freeze-dried powder of Blackberries (Rubus ursinus L.) which showed an activity on inhibition of chemocarcinogen. stigmasterol : A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol | plant metabolite |
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders. | 5.32 | 7 | 2 | disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone | antioxidant; metabolite |
kaempferol [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone | antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
alpha-linolenic acid linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | linolenic acid; omega-3 fatty acid | micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
genistein [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic | antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite |
jasmonic acid jasmonic acid: a derivative of alpha-linolenic acid that has a role in plant response to herbivory analogous to the role of prostanoids in inflammation in mammals;. jasmonic acid : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is (3-oxocyclopentyl)acetic acid substituted by a (2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl group at position 2 of the cyclopentane ring. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | oxo monocarboxylic acid | jasmonates; plant metabolite |
esculin [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; hydroxycoumarin | antioxidant; metabolite |
7-hydroxycoumarin 7-oxycoumarin: derivatives have anti-oxidant properties. umbelliferone : A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7. | 2 | 1 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | fluorescent probe; food component; plant metabolite |
oleuropein oleuropein: iridoid isolated from leaves and fruit of Olea and Ligustrum (Oleaceae). oleuropein : A secoiridoid glycoside that is the methyl ester of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by hydroxy, ethylidene, and carboxymethyl groups, respectively and in which the anomeric hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted into its beta-D-glucoside and the carboxylic acid moiety of the carboxymethyl substituent has been converted to the corresponding 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl ester (the 2S,3E,4S stereoisomer). The most important phenolic compound present in olive cultivars. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; catechols; diester; methyl ester; pyrans; secoiridoid glycoside | anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; NF-kappaB inhibitor; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; radical scavenger |
chrysin chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite |
myricetin [no description available] | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite |
rosmarinic acid rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project. (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | rosmarinic acid | geroprotector; plant metabolite |
7-hydroxyflavone 7-hydroxyflavone : A hydroxyflavonoid in which the flavone nucleus is substituted at position 7 by a hydroxy group. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | hydroxyflavonoid | |
coenzyme q10 coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ubiquinones | antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite |
4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid: A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells. | 3.98 | 14 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
4,4'-dinitro-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid 4,4'-dinitro-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | 4,4'-dinitrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid | |
8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha: a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through thromboxane A2 receptor activation. 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha : An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | F2-isoprostane | biomarker; bronchoconstrictor agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
misoprostol Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
zinostatin Zinostatin: An enediyne that alkylates DNA and RNA like MITOMYCIN does, so it is cytotoxic. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | ||
16,16-dimethylprostaglandin e2 16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2: A synthetic prostaglandin E analog that protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes the healing of peptic ulcers. The protective effect is independent of acid inhibition. It is also a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and growth of experimental tumors.. 16,16-dimethylprostaglandin E2 : A prostanoid that is prostaglandin E2 in which both of the hydrogens at position 16 have been replaced by methyl groups. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin E2, it is a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and growth of experimental tumors. It also protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes the healing of peptic ulcers. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | cyclopentanones; monocarboxylic acid; prostanoid; secondary allylic alcohol | anti-ulcer drug; gastrointestinal drug; radiation protective agent |
thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | thromboxanes B | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal: cytotoxic product from peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxynon-2-enal : An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position.. 4-hydroxynonenal : A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. | 3.4 | 7 | 0 | 4-hydroxynon-2-enal; 4-hydroxynonenal | |
1-monooleoyl-rac-glycerol Peceol: lipid excipient containing readily dispersible mixture of mono- & diglycerides of oleic acid. 1-oleoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride where the acyl group is oleoyl.. monooleoylglycerol : A monoglyceride in which the acyl group is oleoyl with the position of acylation unspecified. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 1-acylglycerol 18:1; monooleoylglycerol | plant metabolite |
fucosterol [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | steroid | |
phenylephrine hydrochloride Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine. | 4.44 | 7 | 0 | hydrochloride | |
dorzolamide dorzolamide: topically effective ocular hypotensive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; RN refers to mono-HCl (4S-trans)-isomer. dorzolamide : 5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. | 7.38 | 2 | 0 | sulfonamide; thiophenes | antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol | antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist |
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol | antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor |
gamma-cyclodextrin gamma-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of eight alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | cyclodextrin | |
brefeldin a [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | macrolide antibiotic | Penicillium metabolite |
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn. | 3.65 | 10 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
pactamycin Pactamycin: Antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pactum used as an antineoplastic agent. It is also used as a tool in biochemistry because it inhibits certain steps in protein synthesis. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
adp beta s adenosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate): partial agonist toward platelet aggregation; see also record for 1-thiodiphosphate cpd | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
cp 99994 3-(2-methoxybenzylamino)-2-phenylpiperidine: selective NK(1) receptor antagonist; CP-100263 is the inactive enantiomer | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
deamino arginine vasopressin Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR. | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | heterodetic cyclic peptide | diagnostic agent; renal agent; vasopressin receptor agonist |
endomorphin 1 endomorphin 1: isolated from bovine brain | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
kallidin Kallidin: A decapeptide bradykinin homolog cleaved from kininogen by kallikreins. It is a smooth-muscle stimulant and hypotensive agent that acts by vasodilatation. | 4.54 | 8 | 0 | peptide | |
lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl. | 3.74 | 11 | 0 | 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | |
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments. | 3.9 | 13 | 0 | cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound | actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
neurokinin a Neurokinin A: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ B with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the BRONCHI. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
pd 123319 PD123319 : An imidazopyridine consisting of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine having 4-(dimethylamino)-3-methylbenzyl, diphenylacetyl and carboxy and groups at positions 1, 5 and 6 respectively | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | imidazopyridine | angiotensin receptor antagonist; endothelin receptor antagonist; vasoconstrictor agent |
calyculin a calyculin A: RN given refers to (5S-(5alpha(2R*(1S*,3S*,4S*,5R*,6R*,7E,9E,11E,13Z),3R*),7beta(E(S*)),*beta,9alpha))-isomer | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
u 44069 U 44069: has contractile effect on rat pulmonary veins & arteries; a thromboxane-A2 mimetic | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | prostanoid | |
broussonin b broussonin B: structure in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
casein kinase ii Casein Kinase II: A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | ||
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb. | 3.23 | 6 | 0 | carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom | neurotoxin |
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110) | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
antimony Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | metalloid atom; pnictogen | |
cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency. | 4.3 | 20 | 0 | alkali metal atom | |
barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium | |
rubidium Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells. | 3.91 | 13 | 0 | alkali metal atom | |
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98. | 8.47 | 8 | 0 | boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom | |
levorphanol Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | |
strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | alkaline earth metal atom | |
bismuth Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | metal atom; pnictogen | |
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 3.45 | 8 | 0 | metalloid atom; pnictogen | micronutrient |
lasalocid Lasalocid: Cationic ionophore antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lasaliensis that, among other effects, dissociates the calcium fluxes in muscle fibers. It is used as a coccidiostat, especially in poultry.. lasalocid : A polyether antibiotic used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in poultry. | 3.05 | 1 | 0 | beta-hydroxy ketone; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; oxanes; oxolanes; polyether antibiotic; secondary alcohol; tertiary alcohol | bacterial metabolite; coccidiostat; ionophore |
gallium Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | boron group element atom | |
lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. | 2 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine. | 4.25 | 19 | 0 | chalcogen; nonmetal atom | macronutrient |
geldanamycin [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
ajoene ajoene: major antiplatelet compound in methanol extract of garlic; also inhibits trypanothione reductase. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | sulfoxide | |
nitrofurazone Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl). | 3.36 | 7 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; phosphatidylcholine 28:0; tetradecanoate ester | antigen; mouse metabolite |
fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-) | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate | human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
beryllium Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | alkaline earth metal atom; elemental beryllium; metal allergen | adjuvant; carcinogenic agent; epitope |
pyrrolysine pyrrolysine: encoded by a stop codon in archaea. L-pyrrolysine : A N(6)-acyl-L-lysine having (2R,3R)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ylcarbonyl as the N(6)-acyl group.. pyrrolysine : An N-acyl-amino acid that is lysine in which one of the amino nitrogens at position N6 is replaced by a 3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-2-carbonyl group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; N(6)-acyl-L-lysine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyrrolysine | |
tyrosine [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino-acid radical | |
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3. | 8.57 | 164 | 0 | cysteinium | fundamental metabolite |
silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086]. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom | |
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions. | 3.89 | 13 | 0 | monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen | macronutrient |
boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY. | 3.21 | 6 | 0 | boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom | micronutrient |
enalaprilat anhydrous Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate. | 2 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
pepstatin pepstatin: inhibits the aspartic protease endothiapepsin | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | pentapeptide; secondary carboxamide | bacterial metabolite; EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidase) inhibitor |
succinyl-trialanine-4-nitroanilide succinyl-trialanine-4-nitroanilide: synthetic substrate of porcine pancreatic elastase | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
dermorphin dermorphin: opiate-like peptide present in amphibian skin | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
litorin litorin: nona-peptide similar to bombesin isolated from skin of Litoria aurea | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
succinyl-alanyl-alanyl-prolyl-phenylalanine-4-nitroanilide succinyl-alanyl-alanyl-prolyl-phenylalanine-4-nitroanilide: chromogenic chymotrypsin substrate | 3.79 | 11 | 0 | ||
n-benzyloxycarbonyl-leucyl-leucyl-phenylalaninal N-benzyloxycarbonyl-leucyl-leucyl-phenylalaninal: slow-binding reversible inhibitor of chymotrypsin-like activity | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
succinyl-alanylalanyl-prolyl-phenylalanine chloromethylketone succinyl-alanylalanyl-prolyl-phenylalanine chloromethylketone: inhibitor of nuclear scaffold protease (NS protease) | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | ||
uroguanylin uroguanylin: amino acid sequence given in first source; stimulates intestinal guanylate cyclase; GenBank Z83746 (pig) | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
guanylin guanylin: from rat jejunum; contains 15 amino acids; activator of intestinal guanylate cyclase; stimulates this enzyme through the same receptor binding region as the heat-stable enterotoxins; amino acid sequence given in first source; GenBank Z73607 (pig) | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide: amino acid sequence given in first source; involved in development of specific cholinergic neurons in central nervous system | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
kri 1314 [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
triolein Triolein: (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.. triolein : A triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid. Triolein is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil. | 3.45 | 2 | 0 | triglyceride | Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite; plant metabolite |
bafilomycin a [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
abscisic acid Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 2-trans-abscisic acid | |
benzoylamido-4'-aminostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
carbocyanines Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | cyanine dye; organic iodide salt | fluorochrome |
6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2h-pyran-2-one 6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2H-pyran-2-one: structure given in first source; potent irreversible, mechanism-based inhibitor of myocardial calcium-independent phospholipase A2 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenes | |
ammonium sulfate Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils. | 5.02 | 42 | 0 | ammonium salt; inorganic sulfate salt | fertilizer |
4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport. | 3.98 | 14 | 0 | ||
coomassie brilliant blue [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
rifamycin sv rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; cyclic ketal; lactam; macrocycle; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol; rifamycins | antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; bacterial metabolite |
saralasin Saralasin: An octapeptide analog of angiotensin II (bovine) with amino acids 1 and 8 replaced with sarcosine and alanine, respectively. It is a highly specific competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II that is used in the diagnosis of HYPERTENSION. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels. | 3.84 | 12 | 0 | azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid | animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker |
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE. | 9.43 | 7 | 0 | chalcogen; nonmetal atom | micronutrient |
dihydroergotoxine Dihydroergotoxine: A mixture of three different hydrogenated derivatives of ERGOTAMINE: DIHYDROERGOCORNINE; DIHYDROERGOCRISTINE; and DIHYDROERGOCRYPTINE. Dihydroergotoxine has been proposed to be a neuroprotective agent and a nootropic agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not clear, but it can act as an alpha-adrenergic antagonist and a dopamine agonist. The methanesulfonate salts of this mixture of alkaloids are called ERGOLOID MESYLATES. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
antimycin a Antimycin A: An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). antimycin A : A nine-membered bis-lactone having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions, an n-hexyl substituent at the 8-position, an acyloxy substituent at the 7-position and an aroylamido substituent at the 3-position. It is produced by Streptomyces bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | amidobenzoic acid | |
dolichols Dolichols: A class of polyprenols which contain approximately 20 isoprene residues. Although considered ISOPRENOIDS, they terminate with an alpha-saturated isoprenoid group at the hydroxy end of the molecule. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | polyterpene | |
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | ||
bafilomycin a1 bafilomycin A1: from Streptomyces griseus; structure given in first source. bafilomycin A1 : The most used of the bafilomycins, a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics derived from Streptomyces griseus. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | cyclic hemiketal; macrolide antibiotic; oxanes | apoptosis inducer; autophagy inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; fungicide; potassium ionophore; toxin |
12-o-tetradeca-2,4,6,8-tetranoylphorbol-13-acetate [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
concanamycin a concanamycin A: from Streptomyces diastatochromogenes S-45; inhibits vacuolar H+ ATPase. concanamycin A : A concanamycin in which the lactone ring contains 4 double bonds and is substituted by 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxy groups, 2 methoxy groups and an ethyl group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | carbamate ester; concanamycin | antifungal agent; EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor; metabolite |
2-furanacryloyl-leucyl-glycyl-prolyl-alanine 2-furanacryloyl-leucyl-glycyl-prolyl-alanine: substrate for collagenase & endopeptidase | 3.09 | 1 | 0 | ||
linoleoyl-coenzyme a linoleoyl-coenzyme A: RN from 9th CI Form Index & given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
emerin emerin: a serine-rich protein; responsible for Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
4,5-epoxy-2-heptenal [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | enal | |
4-benzamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
4-oxo-2-nonenal 4-oxo-2-nonenal: reacts with 2'-deoxyguanosine; a product of lipid peroxidation; structure in first source. (E)-4-oxonon-2-enal : The enal that is (E)-non-2-enal substituted with an oxo group at C-4. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | enal; enone | human metabolite |
i(3)so3-galactosylceramide Sulfoglycosphingolipids: GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS with a sulfate group esterified to one of the sugar groups.. 1-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosyl)-N-tetracosanoylsphingosine : A D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine having a sulfo group at the 3-position on the galactose ring and tetracosanoyl as the N-acyl group. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | galactosylceramide sulfate; N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylsphingosine | |
beta-escin Escin: Pentacyclic triterpene saponins, biosynthesized from protoaescigenin and barringtogenol, occurring in the seeds of AESCULUS. It inhibits edema formation and decreases vascular fragility. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | triterpenoid saponin | |
tanespimycin CP 127374: analog of herbimycin A | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; Hsp90 inhibitor |
beta-escin [no description available] | 4.57 | 8 | 0 | ||
nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent |
lactacystin [no description available] | 3.82 | 11 | 0 | lactam; S-substituted L-cysteine | |
gadolinium dtpa Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706) | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | gadolinium coordination entity | MRI contrast agent |
morphinans Morphinans: Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent; morphinane alkaloid | |
ergoline Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | diamine; ergoline alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound | |
sq-23377 Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes. | 3.08 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ether; enol; polyunsaturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid | calcium ionophore; metabolite |
hexarelin hexarelin: a synthetic growth hormone releasing peptide; structurally similar to GHRP-6, with the substitution of D-Trp with its 2-methyl derivative; more potent & stable and less toxic than GHRP-6 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
bentiromide bentiromide: chymotrypsin labile peptide used diagnostically as an index of exocrine pancreas function. bentiromide : The dipeptide obtained by condensation of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine with 4-aminobenzoic acid. Used as a noninvasive screening test for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and to monitor the adequacy of supplemental pancreatic therapy, it is given by mouth: the amount of 4-aminobenzoic acid and its metabolites excreted in the urine is taken as a measure of the chymotrypsin-secreting activity of the pancreas. | 7.54 | 24 | 2 | dipeptide | diagnostic agent; indicator; reagent |
epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)-lysine epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)-lysine: cross-link in proteins. epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine : An N(6)-acyl-L-lysine derivative in which the acyl group is specified as gamma-glutamyl. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; N(6)-acyl-L-lysine | |
staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ammonium ion derivative | |
prolyl-serine Pro-Ser : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-serine residues. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | dipeptide | metabolite |
hypericum Hypericum: Genus of perennial plants in the family CLUSIACEAE (sometimes classified as Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Hypericum contains flavonoids; GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, TANNINS; volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), hypericin and hyperforin.. 6-formamidopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid having a (6R)-formamido substituent. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | penicillanic acids | |
phosphocreatine Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | phosphagen; phosphoamino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
drimane drimane: structure in first source | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | sesquiterpene; terpenoid fundamental parent | |
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | biguanides; monochlorobenzenes | antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent |
mannich bases Mannich Bases: Ketonic amines prepared from the condensation of a ketone with formaldehyde and ammonia or a primary or secondary amine. A Mannich base can act as the equivalent of an alpha,beta unsaturated ketone in synthesis or can be reduced to form physiologically active amino alcohols. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
s-nitrosocysteine S-nitrosocysteine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is a nitric oxide donor.. S-nitroso-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine derivative in which the sulfur atom carries a nitroso substituent. A cell-permeable low-molecular-weight nitrosothiol and nitric oxide donor. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | L-cysteine derivative; nitrosothio compound | hematologic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
clasto-lactacystin beta-lactone clasto-lactacystin beta-lactone: active metabolite of lactacystin; inhibits 20 S proteasome; structure in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
jasplakinolide jasplakinolide: cyclodepsipeptide isolated from marine sponge Jaspis; active against Candida; RN refers to 2S-(2R*,4E,6S*,8R*)-isomer; structure in first source. jaspamide : A cyclodepsipeptide isolated from Jaspis splendens and has been shown to exhibit antineoplastic activity. It is an actin polymerization and stabilization inducer. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | cyclodepsipeptide; phenols | actin polymerisation inducer; animal metabolite; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; marine metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
sincalide Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas. | 3.99 | 14 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
gallium maltolate gallium maltolate: has antineoplastic activity | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
pentagastrin Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
6-bromotryptophan L-6'-bromotryptophan : A bromoamino acid that is L-tryptophan in which the hydrogen at position 6 of the indole ring is substituted by bromine. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | aromatic L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; bromoamino acid; bromoindole; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-tryptophan derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
knk 437 KNK 437: inhibits thermotolerance acquisition and heat shock protein induction in colon carcinoma cells; structure in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11). | 3.99 | 14 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent |
carbobenzoxy-leucyl-leucyl-norvalinal carbobenzoxy-leucyl-leucyl-norvalinal: structure given in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | peptide | |
tmc-95a TMC-95A: produced by Apiospora montagnei Sacc.TC 1093; structure in first source. TMC-95A : A 17-membered macrocyclic lactam that incorporates a phenol and a substituted indole moiety. It includes a R-hydroxy group at position 11 and a (3-methyl-2-oxopentanoyl)amino group at position at position 18 with a S-methyl group. It acts as a proteasome inhibitor and is obtained from Apiospora montagnei Sacc. TC 1093, isolated from a soil sample. | 2 | 1 | 0 | indoles; lactam; macrocycle; phenols; secondary alcohol; tertiary alcohol | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; fungal metabolite; proteasome inhibitor |
tetrafibricin tetrafibricin: closely related to polyene macrolide antibiotics; from Streptomyces neyagawaensis; structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
ro 31-9790 Ro 31-9790: hydroxamic acid derivative | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
cep 1612 CEP 1612: proteasome inhibitor | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
zeolites [no description available] | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | ||
benzyloxycarbonyl-isoleucyl-glutamyl(o-tert-butyl)-alanyl-leucinal benzyloxycarbonyl-isoleucyl-glutamyl(O-tert-butyl)-alanyl-leucinal: inhibits chymotrypsin activity of the proteasome | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | ||
g(m1) ganglioside G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine; sialotetraosylceramide | |
aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
dihydroeponemycin dihydroeponemycin: structure in first source | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ||
cystathionine Cystathionine: Sulfur-containing amino acid formed as an intermediate in the conversion of METHIONINE to CYSTEINE.. cystathionine : A modified amino acid generated by enzymic means from homocysteine and serine. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | cysteine derivative | |
bibw 2992 [no description available] | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; enamide; furans; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; quinazolines; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
vitamin u Vitamin U: A vitamin found in green vegetables. It is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers, colitis, and gastritis and has an effect on secretory, acid-forming, and enzymatic functions of the intestinal tract.. S-methyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-methyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | methyl-L-methionine; sulfonium betaine | |
succinyl-leucyl-leucyl-valyl-tyrosyl-methylcoumarinamide succinyl-leucyl-leucyl-valyl-tyrosyl-methylcoumarinamide: fluorogenic substrate for ingensin. succinyl-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin : A tetrapeptide compound with a succinyl group at the N-terminal and a 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin group at the C-terminal. | 3.38 | 7 | 0 | 7-aminocoumarins; tetrapeptide | fluorochrome |
alpha-synuclein alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. | 3.15 | 5 | 0 | ||
eledoisin Eledoisin: A peptide extracted from the posterior salivary glands of certain small octopi (Eledone spp., Mollusca), or obtained by synthesis. Its actions resemble those of SUBSTANCE P; it is a potent vasodilator and increases capillary permeability. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1364) | 3.04 | 5 | 0 | peptide | |
phevalin phevalin: isolated from a Streptomyces sp.; structure given in first source. phevalin : A member of the class of pyrazinones that is pyrazin-2(1H)-one substituted by an isopropyl and benzyl groups at position 3 and 6, respectively. It is a natural product found in Staphylococcus aureus that inhibits calpain in a casein hydrolysis assay (IC50 = 1.3 muM), contributes to S. aureus infection in mice, and alters human keratinocyte gene expression. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; pyrazinone | bacterial metabolite; calpain inhibitor |
substance p [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms. | 3.39 | 7 | 0 | ||
tmc-95b TMC-95B: produced by Apiospora montagnei Sacc.TC 1093; structure in first source. TMC-95B : A 17-membered macrocyclic lactam that incorporates a phenol and a substituted indole moiety. A stereoisomer of TMC-95A, it has a [(3R)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoyl]amino group at position 18. It acts as a proteasome inhibitor and is isolated from Apiospora montagnei Sacc. TC 1093, isolated from a soil sample. | 2 | 1 | 0 | indoles; lactam; macrocycle; phenols; secondary alcohol; tertiary alcohol | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; fungal metabolite; proteasome inhibitor |
belactosin c belactosin C: isolated from Streptomyces; structure in first source | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
brevetoxin b brevetoxin B: from dinoflagellate Gymnodinium breve | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ciguatoxin | |
ribose ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose. | 3.05 | 5 | 0 | D-ribose; ribopyranose | |
acebutolol alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration. | 3.37 | 7 | 0 | alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose | |
epoxomicin [no description available] | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | morpholines; tripeptide | proteasome inhibitor |
marizomib marizomib: a proteasome inhibitor from a marine bacterium Salinospora; structure in first source | 3.51 | 1 | 1 | beta-lactone; gamma-lactam; organic heterobicyclic compound; organochlorine compound; salinosporamide | antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor |
potassium cyanate potassium cyanate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-CHNO | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | cyanate salt; one-carbon compound | herbicide |
carfilzomib [no description available] | 4.83 | 7 | 0 | epoxide; morpholines; tetrapeptide | antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor |
trametinib [no description available] | 4 | 2 | 0 | acetamides; aromatic amine; cyclopropanes; organofluorine compound; organoiodine compound; pyridopyrimidine; ring assembly | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector |
tyropeptin a tyropeptin A: proteasome inhibitors produced by Kitasatospora sp. MK993-dF2; structure in first source | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | dipeptide | |
losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation. | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | ||
alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1->3)]-D-GlcpNAc Sialyl Lewis X Antigen: A sialylated version of Lewis X antigen expressed on cell surfaces. It is a ligand for SELECTINS.. alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1->3)]-D-GlcpNAc : A branched amino tetrasaccharide consisting of a sialyl residue, linked (2->3) to a galactosyl residue that in turn is linked (1->4) to a glucosaminyl residue, which is also carrying a fucosyl residue at the 3-position. | 2 | 1 | 0 | amino tetrasaccharide; glucosamine oligosaccharide | epitope |
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems. | 5.03 | 16 | 0 | benzoxazole | |
s-tetradecanoyl-coenzyme a myristoyl-CoA : A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of myristic acid. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 11,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA; long-chain fatty acyl-CoA | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
sepharose agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages. | 5.37 | 59 | 0 | ||
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available] | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | ||
pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). | 5.06 | 14 | 0 | ||
virginiamycin Virginiamycin: A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic complex from Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. It consists of 2 major components, VIRGINIAMYCIN FACTOR M1 and virginiamycin Factor S1. It is used to treat infections with gram-positive organisms and as a growth promoter in cattle, swine, and poultry.. virginiamycin : A mixture of cyclic polypeptide streptogramin antibiotics produced by Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. The two major components are virginiamycin M1 (also known as pristinamycin IIA) and virginiamycin S1. Virginiamycin has been widely used as a growth promotion agent in livestock and has been to have bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
phytosterols Phytosterols: A class of organic compounds known as sterols or STEROIDS derived from plants.. phytosterols : Sterols similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond. | 5.03 | 5 | 2 | ||
rifamycins [no description available] | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
clove Madagascar: One of the Indian Ocean Islands off the southeast coast of Africa. Its capital is Antananarivo. It was formerly called the Malagasy Republic. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1500, its history has been tied predominantly to the French, becoming a French protectorate in 1882, a French colony in 1896, and a territory within the French union in 1946. The Malagasy Republic was established in the French Community in 1958 but it achieved independence in 1960. Its name was changed to Madagascar in 1975. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p714) | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2. | 11.13 | 25 | 0 | ||
ants Ants: Insects of the family Formicidae, very common and widespread, probably the most successful of all the insect groups. All ants are social insects, and most colonies contain three castes, queens, males, and workers. Their habits are often very elaborate and a great many studies have been made of ant behavior. Ants produce a number of secretions that function in offense, defense, and communication. (From Borror, et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p676) | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ||
deaminooxytocin deaminooxytocin: octa-peptide lacking free amino group on cystine residue; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
a-factor (streptomyces) A-factor (Streptomyces): specific bioregulator of Streptomyces griseus; Don't confuse with A factor pheromone. A-factor : A mixture of two twelve membered polypeptides having sequences of Tyr-Ile-Ile-Lys-Gly-Val-Phe-Trp-Asp-Pro-Ala-Cys and Tyr-Ile-Ile-Lys-Gly-Val-Phe-Trp-Asp-Pro-Ala-Cys.. (3R,4R)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(6-methylheptanoyl)oxolan-2-one : A butan-4-olide that is gamma-butyrolactone with a 6-methylheptanoyl substituent at position 3 and a hydroxymethyl substituent at position 4 (the 3R,4R-stereoisomer). | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | butan-4-olide; primary alcohol | metabolite |
16 alpha-ethyl-21-hydroxy-19-nor-4-pregnene-3,20-dione [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
nodularin nodularin: cyclic pentapeptide toxin from NODULARIA SPUMIGENA | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ether | |
8-azidoadenosine 5'-monophosphate 8-azidoadenosine 5'-monophosphate: RN given refers to above cpd; RN in Chemline for 2-azido-isomer: 64020-54-8 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
physalaemin Physalaemin: An oligopeptide isolated from the skin of Physalaemus fuscumaculatus, a South American frog. It is a typical kinin, resembling SUBSTANCE P in structure and action and has been proposed as a sialagogue, antihypertensive, and vasodilator. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | ||
icatibant icatibant: a potent bradykinin (B2) receptor antagonist; WIN 65365 is an L-Tic(7) stereoisomer. icatibant : A ten-membered synthetic oligopeptide consisting of D-Arg, Arg, Pro, Hyp, Gly, Thi, Ser, D-Tic, Oic, and Arg residues joined in sequrence. A bradykinin receptor antagonist used as its acetate salt for the treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema in adult patients. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
6-o-maltosyl-beta-cyclodextrin 6-O-maltosyl-beta-cyclodextrin: structure given in first source; forms inclusion complexes with p-nitrophenol | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety. | 7.08 | 47 | 0 | organophosphate oxoanion | cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
desmosine Desmosine: A rare amino acid found in elastin, formed by condensation of four molecules of lysine into a pyridinium ring. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | aromatic amino acid | |
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV. | 6.41 | 32 | 0 | ||
calcitonin [no description available] | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | ||
melitten Melitten: Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has cytolytic properties, causes contracture of muscle, releases histamine, and disrupts surface tension, probably due to lysis of cell and mitochondrial membranes. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | ||
cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety. | 14.4 | 172 | 9 | ||
ceruletide Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction. | 9.58 | 56 | 3 | oligopeptide | diagnostic agent; gastrointestinal drug |
motilin Motilin: A peptide of about 22-amino acids isolated from the DUODENUM. At low pH it inhibits gastric motor activity, whereas at high pH it has a stimulating effect. | 4.07 | 3 | 1 | ||
dynorphins Dynorphins: A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptides. Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | polypeptide | |
magainin 2 peptide, xenopus magainin 2 peptide, Xenopus: from skin of Xenopus laevis; 23-amino acid sequence given in first source; differs from magainin 1 by substitution of Lys instead of Gly at position 10 & Asn instead of Lys at position 22; also used to prevent development of malarial oocysts in mosquito vector; Z-12 is magainin 2 with Lys and Phe residues replaced with their respective D-isomers; homologue of the Xenopus laevis cement; GenBank AF004262 (mouse), AF007791, AF038451-2 (human) | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
iturelix iturelix: a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
glycoprotein e2, hepatitis c virus glycoprotein E2, Hepatitis C virus: RN refers to quasispecies 4E; amino acid sequence known; caution: HCV also stands for hog cholera virus | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
exchanger inhibitory peptide exchanger inhibitory peptide: amino acid sequence given in first source; potently inhibits Na+-Ca2+ exchange activity | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
fibrinopeptide b Fibrinopeptide B: Two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the beta chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin. Each peptide chain contains 20 amino acid residues. The removal of fibrinopeptides B is not required for coagulation. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
msh, 4-nle-alpha- MSH, 4-Nle-alpha-: biologically active analog of MSH | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
gastrins Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters. | 5.07 | 14 | 0 | ||
cobrotoxin Cobra Neurotoxin Proteins: Toxins, contained in cobra (Naja) venom that block cholinergic receptors; two specific proteins have been described, the small (short, Type I) and the large (long, Type II) which also exist in other Elapid venoms. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | ||
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence. | 7.47 | 39 | 0 | peptide hormone | |
beta-endorphin beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC). | 3.75 | 3 | 0 | ||
viscotoxin viscotoxin: 5 kDa, 46 aa peptide from VISCUM related to other thionins; do not confuse with other proteins from VISCUM | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | ||
neuropeptide y Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones. | 7.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
heliodermin heliodermin: MW 5,900 peptide with secretin-like properties | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
peptide phi Peptide PHI: A 27-amino acid peptide with histidine at the N-terminal and isoleucine amide at the C-terminal. The exact amino acid composition of the peptide is species dependent. The peptide is secreted in the intestine, but is found in the nervous system, many organs, and in the majority of peripheral tissues. It has a wide range of biological actions, affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and central nervous systems. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
echistatin echistatin: 49 amino acid residues given in first source; from the venom of the viper Echis | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
iberiotoxin [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
angiotensinogen Angiotensinogen: An alpha-globulin of about 453 amino acids, depending on the species. It is produced by the liver in response to lowered blood pressure and secreted into blood circulation. Angiotensinogen is the inactive precursor of the ANGIOTENSINS produced in the body by successive enzyme cleavages. Cleavage of angiotensinogen by RENIN yields the decapeptide ANGIOTENSIN I. Further cleavage of angiotensin I (by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME) yields the potent vasoconstrictor octapeptide ANGIOTENSIN II; and then, via other enzymes, other angiotensins also involved in the hemodynamic-regulating RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM. | 4.19 | 5 | 0 | ||
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing. | 4.33 | 6 | 0 | ||
oligonucleotides [no description available] | 5.26 | 17 | 0 | ||
anticodon Anticodon: The sequential set of three nucleotides in TRANSFER RNA that interacts with its complement in MESSENGER RNA, the CODON, during translation in the ribosome. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
complestatin complestatin: compound extracted from Streptomyces lavendulae mycelia; on acid hydrolysis yields D-4-hydroxyphenylglycine & D-3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenylglycine & acidic chromophore; inhibits gp120-CD4 binding. isocomplestatin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide which is a atropisomer of complestatin. It is isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces and has anti-HIV-1 activity.. chloropeptin II : A heterodetic cyclic peptide consisting of N-acylated trytophan, 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenylglycine, 4-hydroxyphenylglycine, 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenylglycyl, tyrosine and 4-hydroxyphenylglycine residues joined in sequence and in which the side-chain of the central 4-hydroxyphenylglycine residue is attached to the side-chain of the tryptophan via a C3-C6 bond and to the side-chain of the tyrosine via an ether bond from C5. It is isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces and has anti-HIV-1 activity. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ether; heterodetic cyclic peptide; indoles; organic heterobicyclic compound; organochlorine compound; peptide antibiotic; polyphenol | anti-HIV-1 agent; antimicrobial agent; HIV-1 integrase inhibitor; metabolite |
glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake. | 4.17 | 3 | 1 | ||
alpha-endorphin alpha-Endorphin: An endogenous opioid peptide derived from BETA-LIPOTROPIN of the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) system. It is the 16-amino acid sequence of the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN and differs from GAMMA-ENDORPHIN by one amino acid (beta-endorphin 1-17). | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
incretins Incretins: Peptides which stimulate INSULIN release from the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS following oral nutrient ingestion, or postprandially. | 5.27 | 3 | 1 | ||
vasoactive intestinal peptide (10-28) vasoactive intestinal peptide (10-28): inhibits VIP stimulation of adenylate cyclase | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
msh, 4-nle-7-phe-alpha- [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | polypeptide | dermatologic drug |
c-peptide C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin. | 4.16 | 6 | 0 | ||
gastrin 17 gastrin-17 : One of the primary forms of gastrin that is a 17-membered peptide consisting of Glp, Gly, Pro, Trp, Leu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Ala, Tyr, Gly, Trp, Met, Asp and Phe-NH2 residues joined in sequence. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | gastrin | antineoplastic agent |
pr 39 PR 39: antibacterial peptide from pig intestine; MW 4.719 kDa; contains 39 amino acid residues; has high activity against E coli & Bacillus megaterium; amino acid sequence given in first source. PR-39 : A 39 amino acid porcine cathelicidin that is rich in proline and arginine residues. It plays a pivotal role in the innate immune defence of the pig against infections and exhibits antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
ristocetin Ristocetin: An antibiotic mixture of two components, A and B, obtained from Nocardia lurida (or the same substance produced by any other means). It is no longer used clinically because of its toxicity. It causes platelet agglutination and blood coagulation and is used to assay those functions in vitro.. ristocetin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is produced by species of Amycolatopsis and Nocardia. | 3.9 | 13 | 0 | glycopeptide; heterodetic cyclic peptide; macrocycle; tetrasaccharide derivative | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; platelet-activating factor receptor agonist |
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications. | 6.45 | 59 | 0 | glycoside | |
endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63) | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | ||
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety. | 6.09 | 40 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | |
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain. | 4.55 | 8 | 0 | chlorophyll; methyl ester | cofactor |
carbetocin carbetocin : Oxytocin in which the hydrogen on the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by methyl, the amino group on the cysteine residue is substituted by hydrogen, and the sulfur of the cysteine residue is replaced by a methylene group. A synthetic carba-analogue of oxytocin, it is used to control bleeding after giving birth. Like oxytocin, it causes contraction of the uterus. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | heterodetic cyclic peptide | oxytocic |
phenylmercuric acetate Phenylmercuric Acetate: A phenyl mercury compound used mainly as a fungicide. Has also been used as a herbicide, slimicide, and bacteriocide. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | arylmercury compound; benzenes | |
4-aminophenylmercuriacetate 4-aminophenylmercuriacetate: covalently linked to agarose for purification of FAD & COA with chromatography | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ||
silanediol silanediol: structure in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | silicon hydroxide | |
hoe 33342 bisbenzimide ethoxide trihydrochloride: benzimidazole fluorescent dye | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
sodium salicylate [no description available] | 3.96 | 4 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | ||
calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4. | 4.35 | 20 | 0 | ||
sodium cyanoborohydride sodium cyanoborohydride: reagent for preparing biologically active nitroxides | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
paba-ursodeoxycholic acid PABA-ursodeoxycholic acid: for evaluation of intestinal bacteria; structure given in first source | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
chitosan [no description available] | 3.54 | 8 | 0 | ||
bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP. | 3.34 | 7 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide | |
lithium perchlorate lithium perchlorate: stabilizes DNA-polycation complex; RN given refers to parent compound | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
osteum [no description available] | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
sodium hypochlorite Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt | bleaching agent; disinfectant |
sodium bisulfite sodium bisulfite: has been used externally for parasitic skin diseases and as gastrointestinal antiseptic; structure. sodium hydrogensulfite : An inorganic sodium salt having hydrogensulfite as the counterion. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt; sulfite salt | allergen; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; mutagen; reducing agent |
(7,7-azo-3,12-dihydroxy-5-cholan-24-oyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (7,7-azo-3,12-dihydroxy-5-cholan-24-oyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid: photolabile bile acid derivative | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
methyl orange methyl orange: indictor of pH with strong acids & bases; also used as reagent to form ion pairs with, and thereby isolate, certain compounds from biological material; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search AZO COMPOUNDS (75-86); file maintained to Azo cpds | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
docusate sodium [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
stearates Stearates: Salts and esters of the 18-carbon saturated, monocarboxylic acid--stearic acid. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
merocyanine dye merocyanine dye: fluorescent dye used for studying axons 2 position on pyrimidine ring may be S or O; RN given refers to Na salt; structure | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
sodium ethylxanthate Sex: The totality of characteristics of reproductive structure, functions, PHENOTYPE, and GENOTYPE, differentiating the MALE from the FEMALE organism. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | ||
mersalyl Mersalyl: A toxic thiol mercury salt formerly used as a diuretic. It inhibits various biochemical functions, especially in mitochondria, and is used to study those functions. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
chiniofon Hydroxyquinolines: The 8-hydroxy derivatives inhibit various enzymes and their halogenated derivatives, though neurotoxic, are used as topical anti-infective agents, among other uses. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | ||
meleagrin meleagrin: low molecular weight protein found in turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) ovomucoid preparation; amino acid sequence given in first source. meleagrine : An indole alkaloid with a heterotetracyclic skeleton isolated from Penicillium oxalicum. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
methyl jasmonate [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate : A phosphatidylinositol monophosphate carrying the phosphate group at the 4-position. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
s-adenosylmethionine (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine. | 3.91 | 13 | 0 | organic cation; sulfonium compound | coenzyme; cofactor; human metabolite; micronutrient; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
picrotoxin Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
2',3'-o-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate 2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate: analog of ATP; do not confuse with TNP-ATP record | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; spiroketal | antagonist |
ethyl cellulose [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | glycoside | |
arabinogalactan [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
intrinsic factor Intrinsic Factor: A glycoprotein secreted by the cells of the GASTRIC GLANDS that is required for the absorption of VITAMIN B 12 (cyanocobalamin). Deficiency of intrinsic factor leads to VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY and ANEMIA, PERNICIOUS. | 5.21 | 12 | 1 | ||
egg white Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed) | 6.66 | 55 | 1 | ||
belactosin a belactosin A: isolated from Streptomyces; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
1,1,1-trifluoro-6-(naphthalen-2-yl)hexan-2-one 1,1,1-trifluoro-6-(naphthalen-2-yl)hexan-2-one: inhibits Group VIA Ca(II)-independent phospholipase A2; structure in first source | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume. | 3.43 | 1 | 1 | ||
trelstar Triptorelin Pamoate: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-tryptophan substitution at residue 6. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
cetrorelix cetrorelix: LHRH antagonist. cetrorelix : A synthetic ten-membered oligopeptide comprising N-acetyl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-D-alanyl, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-D-alanyl, L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, N(5)-carbamoyl-D-ornithyl, L-leucyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, and D-alaninamide residues coupled in sequence. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, it is used for treatment of infertility and of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | oligopeptide | antineoplastic agent; GnRH antagonist |
dynorphins dynorphin (1-13): potent opioid peptide; see also record for dynorphin & D-Ala(2)-dynorphin (1-11) | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
nafarelin Nafarelin: A potent synthetic agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with 3-(2-naphthyl)-D-alanine substitution at residue 6. Nafarelin has been used in the treatments of central PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY and ENDOMETRIOSIS.. nafarelin : An oligopeptide comprising of 5-oxo-L-proline, L-histidine, L-tryptophan, L-serine, L-tyrosine, 3-(2-naphthyl)-D-alanine, L-leucine, L-arginine and L-prolylglycinamide residues joined sequence by peptide linkages. It is a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist that is used to treat central precocious puberty in children and endometriosis in women. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | oligopeptide | anti-estrogen; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist |
neurotensin neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91 | 5.15 | 11 | 1 | peptide hormone | human metabolite; mitogen; neurotransmitter; vulnerary |
deslorelin deslorelin: Ovuplant is tradename for a short-term-release implant containing deslorelin acetate; RN given refers to D-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/90 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
fibrinopeptide a Fibrinopeptide A: Two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the alpha chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin during the blood coagulation process. Each peptide chain contains 18 amino acid residues. In vivo, fibrinopeptide A is used as a marker to determine the rate of conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
substance p, prolyl(2)-tryptophan(7,9)- substance P, prolyl(2)-tryptophan(7,9)-: substance P antagonist | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
alytesin [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
lhrh, n-epsilon-azidobenzoyl-lys(6)- [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
mannans [no description available] | 4.47 | 7 | 0 | ||
ixazomib ixazomib: a proteasome inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; MLN2238 is the biologically active form of MLN9708; structure in first source. ixazomib : A glycine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-(2,5-dichlorobenzoyl)glycine with the amino group of [(1R)-1-amino-3-methylbutyl]boronic acid. The active metabolite of ixazomib citrate, it is used in combination therapy for treatment of multiple myeloma. | 2.58 | 2 | 0 | benzamides; boronic acids; dichlorobenzene; glycine derivative | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite; orphan drug; proteasome inhibitor |
taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate taurolithocholic acid sulfate(2-) : A steroid sulfate oxoanion arising from deprotonation of both sulfo groups of taurolithocholic acid sulfate; major species at pH 7.3. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | steroid sulfate oxoanion | human metabolite |
peptones Peptones: Derived proteins or mixtures of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. Peptones are readily soluble in water, and are not precipitable by heat, by alkalis, or by saturation with ammonium sulfate. (Dorland, 28th ed) | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ||
cytochromes c1 Cytochromes c1: The 30-kDa membrane-bound c-type cytochrome protein of mitochondria that functions as an electron donor to CYTOCHROME C GROUP in the mitochondrial and bacterial RESPIRATORY CHAIN. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p545) | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
allatostatin protein, manduca sexta allatostatin protein, Manduca sexta: inhibits juvenile hormone; amino acid sequence given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
glycolipids [no description available] | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | ||
elafin Elafin: A secretory proteinase inhibitory protein that was initially purified from human SKIN. It is found in a variety mucosal secretions and is present at high levels in SPUTUM. Elafin may play a role in the innate immunity (IMMUNITY, INNATE) response of the LUNG. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines. | 3.98 | 14 | 0 | ||
thymosin Thymosin: Thymosin. A family of heat-stable, polypeptide hormones secreted by the thymus gland. Their biological activities include lymphocytopoiesis, restoration of immunological competence and enhancement of expression of T-cell characteristics and function. They have therapeutic potential in patients having primary or secondary immunodeficiency diseases, cancer or diseases related to aging. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
galactocerebroside galactocerebroside: a NITROGEN containing sphingolipid | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells. | 3.72 | 10 | 0 | ||
dabrafenib [no description available] | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; aminopyrimidine; organofluorine compound; sulfonamide | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; B-Raf inhibitor |
halocidin halocidin: antimicrobial peptide from hemocytes of the solitary tunicate, Halocynthia | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
exenatide Exenatide: A synthetic form of exendin-4, a 39-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the Gila monster lizard (Heloderma suspectum). Exenatide increases CYCLIC AMP levels in pancreatic acinar cells and acts as a GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR (GLP-1) agonist and incretin mimetic, enhancing insulin secretion in response to increased glucose levels; it also suppresses inappropriate glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying. It is used an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity agent. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
kalata b1 kalata B1: a 29-residue cyclotide which has a cystine knot structure and beta-sheet; causes uterine contraction; the principal active component from Oldenlandia affinis; amino acid sequence given in first source | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
chymostatin [no description available] | 5.93 | 34 | 0 | ||
fructose-1,6-diphosphate fructose-1,6-diphosphate: RN refers to (D)-isomer | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative. | 5.18 | 16 | 0 | ||
1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) in which both acyl groups are specified as oleoyl. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) | |
vasoactive intestinal peptide Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE). | 9.97 | 39 | 0 | ||
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron. | 6.89 | 30 | 0 | ||
1-palmitoyl-2-(decanedioyl mono-(2-iodo-4-(3-trifluoromethyl-3h-diazirin-3-yl)benzyl)ester)glycero-3-phosphocholine 1-palmitoyl-2-(decanedioyl mono-(2-iodo-4-(3-trifluoromethyl-3H-diazirin-3-yl)benzyl)ester)glycero-3-phosphocholine: used to label viral proteins; RN refers to (125I)-labeled compound; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
chondroitin Chondroitin: A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 3.65 | 10 | 0 | ||
heparitin sulfate Heparitin Sulfate: A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS. | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | ||
tuftsin Tuftsin: N(2)-((1-(N(2)-L-Threonyl)-L-lysyl)-L-prolyl)-L-arginine. A tetrapeptide produced in the spleen by enzymatic cleavage of a leukophilic gamma-globulin. It stimulates the phagocytic activity of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes and neutrophils in particular. The peptide is located in the Fd fragment of the gamma-globulin molecule. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | peptide | |
dihydronicotinamide [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
3-amino-6-hydroxy-2-piperidone 3-amino-6-hydroxy-2-piperidone: structure in first source | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | ||
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms. | 6.94 | 28 | 3 | ascorbic acid; vitamin C | coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent |
4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone: structure in first source | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | 2-pyranones | |
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria. | 7.75 | 50 | 4 | ||
chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens. | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | ||
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae. | 4.54 | 8 | 0 | ||
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid. | 6.13 | 10 | 1 | monohydroxybenzoate | plant metabolite |
dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist |
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group. | 5.07 | 43 | 0 | benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone | |
metastat tetracycline CMT-3: a non-antimicrobial tetracycline; structure in second source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
demeclocycline Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
rolitetracycline Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
4-des-dimethylaminotetracycline 4-des-dimethylaminotetracycline: non-antibacterial, inhibits mammalian collagenase; RN given refers to (4aS-(4aalpha,5aalpha,6beta,12aalpha))-isomer | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
elasnin elasnin: elastase inhibitor isolated from Streptomyces noboritoensis | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
ethyl biscoumacetate Ethyl Biscoumacetate: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. It has actions similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p226) | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | |
snx 230 omega-conotoxin-MVIIC: isolated from Conus magus; amino acid sequence given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form. | 4.24 | 18 | 0 | ||
gastrin-releasing peptide Gastrin-Releasing Peptide: Neuropeptide and gut hormone that helps regulate GASTRIC ACID secretion and motor function. Once released from nerves in the antrum of the STOMACH, the neuropeptide stimulates release of GASTRIN from the GASTRIN-SECRETING CELLS. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | ||
kaolinite Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products. | 3.33 | 7 | 0 | aluminosilicate mineral; mixture | antidiarrhoeal drug; excipient |
clay Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
vasoactive intestinal peptide, 4-chloro-phe(6)-leu(17)- vasoactive intestinal peptide, 4-chloro-Phe(6)-Leu(17)-: VIP receptor antagonist | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
pediocin pa-1 pediocin PA-1: from Pediococcus acidilactici PAC-1.0; a 4.6 kDa peptide with 44 amino acids; exhibits antibacterial activity against several gram-positive bacterial strains; amino acid sequence given in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
charybdotoxin [no description available] | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | ||
myotoxin a [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
saxitoxin Saxitoxin: A compound that contains a reduced purine ring system but is not biosynthetically related to the purine alkaloids. It is a poison found in certain edible mollusks at certain times; elaborated by GONYAULAX and consumed by mollusks, fishes, etc. without ill effects. It is neurotoxic and causes RESPIRATORY PARALYSIS and other effects in MAMMALS, known as paralytic SHELLFISH poisoning.. saxitoxin : An alkaloid isolated from the marine dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid; carbamate ester; guanidines; ketone hydrate; paralytic shellfish toxin; pyrrolopurine | cyanotoxin; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; sodium channel blocker; toxin |
okadaic acid Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ketal | |
phosphatidylethanol phosphatidylethanol: formed in rat brain by phospholipase D. phosphatidylethanol : A glycerophospholipid that is the monoethyl ester of any phosphatidic acid. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
pyrethrins [no description available] | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | ||
globotriaosylceramide globotriaosylceramide: receptor for Shigella. alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide : A glycotriaosylceramide having alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl component attached to the primary hydroxy function of a ceramide with undefined sphingoid base. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
osimertinib osimertinib: an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. osimertinib : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is 4-(1-methylindol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2-methoxy-4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl](methyl)amino-5-acrylamidophenyl group. Used (as the mesylate salt) for treatment of EGFR T790M mutation positive non-small cell lung cancer. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | acrylamides; aminopyrimidine; biaryl; indoles; monomethoxybenzene; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist |
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties. | 3.82 | 12 | 0 | ||
hirudin Hirudin: A 65-residue polypeptide from LEECHES. | 3.92 | 13 | 0 | ||
glutaminase [no description available] | 4.14 | 5 | 0 | ||
alcohol oxidase [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones. | 8 | 209 | 1 | ||
mancozeb dithane M-45: coordination product of zinc ion & manganese ethylene bis dithiocarbamate | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
oligomycins Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X). | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
crotamine crotamine: polypeptide basic toxin isolated from venom of rattlesnake Crotalus durrisus terrificus | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents. | 7.54 | 107 | 0 | ||
bassianolide bassianolide: cyclodepsipeptide from mycelia of Beauveria bassiana; inhibits isotonic contractions induced by acetylcholine. bassianolide : A cyclodepsipeptide consisting of a cyclic tetramer of the depsipeptide D-Hiv-N-methyl-L-leucine (where D-Hiv = D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid). Found in the fungal species Beauveria bassiana and Verticillium lecanii, it has insecticidal properties and is used as a commercial biopesticide to control of insects of agricultural, veterinary and medical significance. For elucidation of the structure, see Suzuki et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1977 v25, 2167-2170. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | cyclodepsipeptide; cyclooctadepsipeptide | antineoplastic agent; fungal metabolite; insecticide |
lewis x antigen Lewis X Antigen: A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. In the blood the antigen is found on the surface of NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. In addition, Lewis X antigen is a stage-specific embryonic antigen. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
carboxypeptidase b Carboxypeptidase B: A ZINC-dependent carboxypeptidase primary found in the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. The enzyme catalyzes the preferential cleavage of a C-terminal peptidyl-L-lysine or arginine. It was formerly classified as EC 3.4.2.2 and EC 3.4.12.3. | 4.05 | 15 | 0 | ||
glucagon-like peptide 2 Glucagon-Like Peptide 2: A 33-amino acid peptide derived from the C-terminal of PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. It stimulates intestinal mucosal growth and decreased apoptosis of ENTEROCYTES. GLP-2 enhances gastrointestinal function and plays an important role in nutrient homeostasis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
calpastatin calpastatin: large mol wt, heat-stable calpain inhibitor; not based on sequestering Ca++ from medium, but binding to calpain does require Ca++. calpastatin peptide Ac 184-210 : A 27-membered polypeptide comprising the sequence Ac-Asp-Pro-Met-Ser-Ser-Thr-Tyr-Ile-Glu-Glu-Leu-Gly-Lys-Arg-Glu-Val-Thr-Ile-Pro-Pro-Lys-Tyr-Arg-Glu-Leu-Leu-Ala-NH2. An acetylated synthetic peptide from human calpastatin that strongly inhibits both calpains I and II but not papain (a cysteine protease) or trypsin (a serine protease). | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | polypeptide | EC 3.4.22.52 (calpain-1) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.53 (calpain-2) inhibitor |
angiotensin i Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.. angiotensin I : A ten amino acid peptide formed by renin cleavage of angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I has no direct biological function except that high levels can stimulate catecholamine production. It is metabolized to its biologically active byproduct angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) through cleavage of the two terminal amino acids.. angiotensin I dizwitterion : A peptide zwitterion that is the dizwitterionic form of angiotensin I having both carboxy groups deprotonated and the aspartyl amino group and arginine side-chain protonated. It is the major species at pH 7.3. | 5.04 | 13 | 0 | angiotensin; peptide zwitterion | human metabolite; neurotransmitter agent |
hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS. | 10.02 | 93 | 1 | ||
gastrin i gastrin I: heptadecapeptide amide, H-Pyr-Gly-Pro-Trp-Leu-Glu-Glu-Glu-Glu-Glu-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
alpha-cobratoxin alpha-cobratoxin: fron Naja nigricollis | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
epoetin alfa Epoetin Alfa: A recombinant glycosylated form of erythropoietin which stimulates the differentiation and proliferation of erythroid precursors. It is used for the treatment of ANEMIA associated with CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE in dialysis and predialysis patients. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
diospyros Diospyros: A plant genus of the family EBENACEAE, order Ebenales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida best known for the edible fruit and the antibacterial activity and compounds of the wood. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
oridonin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
daptomycin [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12. | 4.35 | 21 | 0 | ||
ecallantide ecallantide: an NSAID and analgesic | 3.14 | 1 | 0 | ||
transforming growth factor alpha Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | ||
maxadilan protein, insect maxadilan protein, insect: peptide from salivary glands of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis; has 500 times the vasodilator avtivity of calcitonin gene-related peptide | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | ||
flavin mononucleotide Flavin Mononucleotide: A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues. | 3.75 | 11 | 0 | ||
cytochalasin d Cytochalasin D: A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release.. cytochalasin D : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a mycotoxin produced by Helminthosporium and other moulds which is cell permeable and a potent inhibitor of actin polymerisation and DNA synthesis. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
antipain Antipain: An oligopeptide produced by various bacteria which acts as a protease inhibitor. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
peptide yy Peptide YY: A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the L cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide YY inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion.. peptide YY : A 36-membered human gut polypeptide consisting of Tyr, Pro, Ile, Lys, Pro, Glu, Ala, Pro, Gly, Glu, Asp, Ala, Ser, Pro, Glu, Glu, Leu, Asn, Arg, Tyr, Tyr, Ala, Ser, Leu, Arg, His, Tyr, Leu, Asn, Leu, Val, Thr, Arg, Gln, Arg and Tyr-NH2 residues joined in sequence. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
lactoferrin Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion. | 4.04 | 15 | 0 | ||
crambin protein, crambe abyssinica crambin protein, Crambe abyssinica: 44 amino acid, molecular weight 5000, water-insoluble protein found in the seed of the plant Crambe abyssinica | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
cmti-iii protein, cucurbita maxima CMTI protein, Cucurbita maxima: amino acid sequence given in first source | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
factor f430 factor F430: low mol wt nickel-containing cpd from Methanobacterium. coenzyme F430 : A nickel tetrapyrrole found only in methanogenic Archaea. It is the prosthetic group of the enzyme methyl coenzyme M reductase which catalyses the release of methane in the final step of methanogenesis. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
digitonin Digitonin: A glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin which is bound to five sugars. Digitonin solubilizes lipids, especially in membranes and is used as a tool in cellular biochemistry, and reagent for precipitating cholesterol. It has no cardiac effects.. digitonin : A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | ||
orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers | 3.23 | 6 | 0 | ||
apyrase Apyrase: A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. EC 3.6.1.5. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
thromboplastin Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. | 5.31 | 18 | 0 | ||
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17. | 12.71 | 412 | 1 | ||
amyloid beta-peptides amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | ||
chondroitin sulfates Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate. | 3.21 | 6 | 0 | ||
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections. | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine | antimetabolite; antiviral drug |
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine. | 4.16 | 17 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
deoxyguanosine [no description available] | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
guanosine diphosphate Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor |
guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. | 4.45 | 23 | 0 | guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor |
guanine [no description available] | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
guanosine ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | guanosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | fundamental metabolite |
inosinic acid Inosine Monophosphate: Inosine 5'-Monophosphate. A purine nucleotide which has hypoxanthine as the base and one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
inosine [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
sapropterin sapropterin: RN given refers to parent cpd; co-factor required for catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthases. (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin : A 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin in which the stereocentre at position 6 has R-configuration.. sapropterin : A tetrahydropterin that is 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one in which a hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group (6R,1'R,2'S-enantiomer). | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin | coenzyme; cofactor; diagnostic agent; human metabolite |
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin. | 4.49 | 9 | 0 | folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient |
3-methyladenine N3-methyladenine: structure in first source | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | nucleoside triphosphate analogue | |
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160) | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion | angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor |
olanzapine Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring. | 5.59 | 14 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound | antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger |
guanylyl imidodiphosphate Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.. guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+). | 3.46 | 8 | 0 | nucleoside triphosphate analogue | |
5,11-methenyltetrahydrohomofolate [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid). | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | ||
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | guanosines | biomarker |
cupferron cupferron: superoxide dismutase inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
5-methyltetrahydrofolate 5-methyltetrahydrofolate : A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid or L-glutamate units. | 2.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
dibutyryl cyclic gmp Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP: N-(1-Oxobutyl)-cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate)-2'-butanoate guanosine. A derivative of cyclic GMP. It has a higher resistance to extracellular and intracellular phosphodiesterase than cyclic GMP. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
2-(guanylformylmethoxy)-3-(triphospho)propanal 2-(guanylformylmethoxy)-3-(triphospho)propanal: binds to tubulin molecule & promotes polymerization; periodate oxidation product of GTP; RN from first source; cpd not in Chemline 7/29/83 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
cyanine dye 3 cyanine dye 3: structures of Cy3 derivatives given in first source | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
alcian blue Alcian Blue: A copper-containing dye used as a gelling agent for lubricants, for staining of bacteria and for the dyeing of histiocytes and fibroblasts in vivo. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
cholestyramine resin Cholestyramine Resin: A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
eye [no description available] | 4.91 | 38 | 0 | ||
swinholide a swinholide A: from Okinawan marine sponge Theonella swinhoei; structure given in first source | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
lacticin 481 lacticin 481: amino acid sequence given in first source; a lantibiotic; GenBank X71410 (L. lactis) | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures. | 6.68 | 44 | 0 | ||
trypsinogen Trypsinogen: The inactive proenzyme of trypsin secreted by the pancreas, activated in the duodenum via cleavage by enteropeptidase. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 9.69 | 169 | 0 | ||
metallothionein Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
factor 420 factor 420: isolated from Methanobacterium strain MOH; mol Wt. about 630; can serve as electron carrier; involved in NADP-linked hydrogenase system | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
dinitrobenzenes Dinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with two nitro groups in the ortho, meta or para positions. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | ||
2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes. | 5.58 | 24 | 0 | ||
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O. | 4.32 | 4 | 0 | ||
dolastatin 13 dolastatin 13: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
filipin Filipin: A complex of polyene antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces filipinensis. Filipin III alters membrane function by interfering with membrane sterols, inhibits mitochondrial respiration, and is proposed as an antifungal agent. Filipins I, II, and IV are less important. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Condition | Indicated | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed) | 0 | 10.66 | 65 | 2 |
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available] | 0 | 10.87 | 61 | 1 |
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA). | 0 | 10.87 | 61 | 1 |
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available] | 0 | 5.89 | 40 | 0 |
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity. | 0 | 5.89 | 40 | 0 |
Flavivirus Infections Infections with viruses of the genus FLAVIVIRUS, family FLAVIVIRIDAE. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
Genetic Predisposition [description not available] | 0 | 9.26 | 35 | 0 |
Chronic Pancreatitis [description not available] | 0 | 11.63 | 44 | 2 |
Alcoholic Pancreatitis [description not available] | 0 | 6.56 | 12 | 0 |
Pancreatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS that is characterized by recurring or persistent ABDOMINAL PAIN with or without STEATORRHEA or DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the irregular destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma which may be focal, segmental, or diffuse. | 0 | 11.63 | 44 | 2 |
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available] | 0 | 16.32 | 258 | 6 |
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis. | 0 | 21.32 | 258 | 6 |
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 6.64 | 85 | 0 |
Polyarthritis [description not available] | 0 | 5.04 | 10 | 1 |
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS. | 0 | 5.04 | 10 | 1 |
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells. | 0 | 3.21 | 6 | 0 |
Fish Diseases Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates). | 0 | 3.14 | 5 | 0 |
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available] | 0 | 11.73 | 83 | 2 |
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. | 0 | 11.73 | 83 | 2 |
Infections, Parvoviridae [description not available] | 0 | 2.57 | 2 | 0 |
Colitis Gravis [description not available] | 0 | 5.22 | 12 | 0 |
Colitis, Granulomatous [description not available] | 0 | 4.58 | 10 | 0 |
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN. | 0 | 5.22 | 12 | 0 |
Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients. | 0 | 4.58 | 10 | 0 |
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
Blood Poisoning [description not available] | 0 | 4.7 | 11 | 0 |
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma. | 0 | 6.92 | 17 | 1 |
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation. | 0 | 6.92 | 17 | 1 |
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK. | 0 | 9.7 | 11 | 0 |
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51) | 0 | 3.72 | 10 | 0 |
HPV Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.5 | 2 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
Cancer of Head [description not available] | 0 | 4.3 | 4 | 1 |
Cancer of Oropharnyx [description not available] | 0 | 3.89 | 2 | 1 |
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651) | 0 | 4.3 | 4 | 1 |
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OROPHARYNX. | 0 | 3.89 | 2 | 1 |
Papillomavirus Infections Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression. | 0 | 2.5 | 2 | 0 |
Envenomation, Snakebite [description not available] | 0 | 6.82 | 6 | 4 |
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply. | 0 | 7.73 | 15 | 5 |
Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available] | 0 | 5.19 | 4 | 3 |
Inflammation, Endodontic [description not available] | 0 | 4.05 | 3 | 1 |
Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery. | 0 | 5.19 | 4 | 3 |
Pulpitis Inflammation of the DENTAL PULP, usually due to bacterial infection in dental caries, tooth fracture, or other conditions causing exposure of the pulp to bacterial invasion. Chemical irritants, thermal factors, hyperemic changes, and other factors may also cause pulpitis. | 0 | 4.05 | 3 | 1 |
Benign Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 5.07 | 44 | 0 |
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. | 0 | 5.07 | 44 | 0 |
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available] | 0 | 3.3 | 6 | 0 |
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations. | 0 | 3.3 | 6 | 0 |
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available] | 0 | 2.75 | 3 | 0 |
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. | 0 | 6.32 | 59 | 0 |
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.56 | 8 | 0 |
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75) | 0 | 3.56 | 8 | 0 |
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures. | 0 | 2.75 | 3 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic [description not available] | 0 | 6.4 | 7 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS. | 0 | 6.4 | 7 | 0 |
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
Cirrhosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.93 | 4 | 0 |
Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
Blood Pressure, High [description not available] | 0 | 4.69 | 11 | 0 |
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. | 0 | 3.93 | 4 | 0 |
Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more. | 0 | 4.69 | 11 | 0 |
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available] | 0 | 8.77 | 19 | 1 |
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY. | 0 | 8.77 | 19 | 1 |
Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial [description not available] | 0 | 3.67 | 3 | 0 |
Steatorrhea A condition that is characterized by chronic fatty DIARRHEA, a result of abnormal DIGESTION and/or INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of FATS. | 0 | 5.01 | 5 | 0 |
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available] | 0 | 10.62 | 58 | 2 |
Stunted Growth [description not available] | 0 | 3.8 | 4 | 0 |
Cochlear Hearing Loss [description not available] | 0 | 3.12 | 1 | 0 |
Central Hypothyroidism [description not available] | 0 | 3.59 | 3 | 0 |
Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Error [description not available] | 0 | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
Deficiency, Mental [description not available] | 0 | 3.12 | 1 | 0 |
Muscle Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 3.79 | 4 | 0 |
Pancreatic Diseases Pathological processes of the PANCREAS. | 0 | 11.34 | 125 | 3 |
Pancreatic Insufficiency [description not available] | 0 | 13.95 | 77 | 7 |
Anal Atresia [description not available] | 0 | 3.12 | 1 | 0 |
Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia [description not available] | 0 | 3.12 | 1 | 0 |
Child Malnutrition Malnutrition occurring in children ages 2 to 12 years, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected. | 0 | 3.12 | 1 | 0 |
Congenital Lipomatosis of Pancreas [description not available] | 0 | 3.12 | 1 | 0 |
Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes, Congenital [description not available] | 0 | 3.12 | 1 | 0 |
Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome An inherited syndrome characterized by EXOCRINE PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; hematologic abnormalities (e.g., bone marrow hypoplasia), and skeletal abnormalities (e.g., metaphyseal chondroplasia). GERMLINE MUTATIONS in the SBDS gene are associated with Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome. | 0 | 3.12 | 1 | 0 |
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION. | 0 | 10.62 | 58 | 2 |
Growth Disorders Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth. | 0 | 3.8 | 4 | 0 |
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM. | 0 | 3.12 | 1 | 0 |
Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction. | 0 | 3.59 | 3 | 0 |
Intellectual Disability Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28) | 0 | 3.12 | 1 | 0 |
Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE. | 0 | 3.79 | 4 | 0 |
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency A malabsorption condition resulting from greater than 10% reduction in the secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes (LIPASE; PROTEASES; and AMYLASE) by the EXOCRINE PANCREAS into the DUODENUM. This condition is often associated with CYSTIC FIBROSIS and with chronic PANCREATITIS. | 0 | 13.95 | 77 | 7 |
Mitochondrial Diseases Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes. | 0 | 3.67 | 3 | 0 |
Allergy, Food [description not available] | 0 | 5.27 | 12 | 1 |
Allergy, Milk [description not available] | 0 | 5.24 | 4 | 1 |
Food Hypersensitivity Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food. | 0 | 5.27 | 12 | 1 |
Milk Hypersensitivity Allergic reaction to milk (usually cow's milk) or milk products. MILK HYPERSENSITIVITY should be differentiated from LACTOSE INTOLERANCE, an intolerance to milk as a result of congenital deficiency of lactase. | 0 | 5.24 | 4 | 1 |
Dental Plaque A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms. | 0 | 2.91 | 4 | 0 |
Recrudescence [description not available] | 0 | 7.8 | 23 | 0 |
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available] | 0 | 4.75 | 12 | 0 |
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course. | 0 | 13.73 | 111 | 3 |
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE. | 0 | 7.27 | 24 | 1 |
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available] | 0 | 3.87 | 2 | 1 |
Cancer of Lung [description not available] | 0 | 5.61 | 18 | 1 |
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available] | 0 | 3.37 | 7 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy. | 0 | 3.87 | 2 | 1 |
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG. | 0 | 5.61 | 18 | 1 |
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available] | 0 | 3.14 | 5 | 0 |
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION). | 0 | 3.14 | 5 | 0 |
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available] | 0 | 4.63 | 6 | 1 |
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain. | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21) | 0 | 4.63 | 6 | 1 |
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death. | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
Caliciviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by CALICIVIRIDAE. They include HEPATITIS E; VESICULAR EXANTHEMA OF SWINE; acute respiratory infections in felines, rabbit hemorrhagic disease, and some cases of gastroenteritis in humans. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
Gastroenteritis INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
Sterility, Male [description not available] | 0 | 5.9 | 9 | 3 |
Infertility, Male The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility. | 0 | 5.9 | 9 | 3 |
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
Huntington Disease A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4) | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
Papilloma, Squamous Cell [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
Cancer of Skin [description not available] | 0 | 3.76 | 11 | 0 |
Papilloma A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN. | 0 | 3.76 | 11 | 0 |
Diathesis [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
Ciliopathies Genetic disorders caused by defects in genes related to the primary CILIUM; BASAL BODY; or CENTROSOME. Primary features may include obesity, SKELETAL DYSPLASIA; POLYDACTYLY and malformations that primarily involve the liver, eye or kidneys. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill. | 0 | 4.89 | 14 | 0 |
Bertielliasis [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight. | 0 | 5.17 | 11 | 1 |
Weight Reduction [description not available] | 0 | 3.26 | 6 | 0 |
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER. | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT. | 0 | 3.26 | 6 | 0 |
Liver Steatosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS. | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 3.92 | 13 | 0 |
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used. | 0 | 7.75 | 29 | 1 |
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like. | 0 | 13.04 | 22 | 2 |
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity. | 0 | 7.75 | 29 | 1 |
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 4.22 | 18 | 0 |
Cancer of Liver [description not available] | 0 | 4.53 | 25 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested. | 0 | 4.22 | 18 | 0 |
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER. | 0 | 4.53 | 25 | 0 |
Injuries, Mandibular [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
Bone Fractures [description not available] | 0 | 5.5 | 9 | 2 |
Mandibular Diseases Diseases involving the MANDIBLE. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
Osteomyelitis INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA. | 0 | 3.97 | 5 | 0 |
Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones. | 0 | 5.5 | 9 | 2 |
Kahler Disease [description not available] | 0 | 6.52 | 18 | 1 |
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. | 0 | 6.52 | 18 | 1 |
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available] | 0 | 5.36 | 23 | 0 |
Cancer of Ovary [description not available] | 0 | 4.87 | 8 | 1 |
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer. | 0 | 5.36 | 23 | 0 |
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS. | 0 | 4.87 | 8 | 1 |
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available] | 0 | 4.75 | 7 | 1 |
Pericementitis [description not available] | 0 | 5.14 | 18 | 0 |
Cancer of the Tongue [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 4.75 | 7 | 1 |
Periodontitis Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology) | 0 | 5.14 | 18 | 0 |
Tongue Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TONGUE. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
Protein Aggregation, Pathological A biochemical phenomenon in which misfolded proteins aggregate either intra- or extracellularly. Triggered by factors such as MUTATION; POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS, and environmental stress, it is generally associated with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; PARKINSON DISEASE; HUNTINGTON DISEASE; and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. | 0 | 2.58 | 2 | 0 |
Plasmodium vivax Malaria [description not available] | 0 | 2.55 | 2 | 0 |
Malaria, Vivax Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM VIVAX. This form of malaria is less severe than MALARIA, FALCIPARUM, but there is a higher probability for relapses to occur. Febrile paroxysms often occur every other day. | 0 | 2.55 | 2 | 0 |
Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed) | 0 | 9.13 | 67 | 2 |
Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye. | 0 | 8.97 | 78 | 2 |
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
Endotoxin Shock [description not available] | 0 | 3.86 | 4 | 0 |
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status. | 0 | 3.86 | 4 | 0 |
Chronic Illness [description not available] | 0 | 15.33 | 162 | 10 |
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2). | 0 | 15.33 | 162 | 10 |
Biliary or Urinary Stones [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
Dementia Praecox [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 6.43 | 19 | 0 |
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence. | 0 | 6.43 | 19 | 0 |
Allodynia [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
Becker Muscular Dystrophy [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
Muscular Dystrophy, Animal MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY that occurs in VERTEBRATE animals. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415) | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
Disease Exacerbation [description not available] | 0 | 5.51 | 5 | 0 |
Pocket, Periodontal [description not available] | 0 | 4.2 | 6 | 0 |
Periodontal Pocket An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment and bone resorption. | 0 | 4.2 | 6 | 0 |
Lassitude [description not available] | 0 | 3.83 | 2 | 1 |
Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli. | 0 | 3.83 | 2 | 1 |
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY). | 0 | 3.07 | 5 | 0 |
Cancer of Salivary Gland [description not available] | 0 | 3.06 | 5 | 0 |
Salivary Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SALIVARY GLANDS. | 0 | 3.06 | 5 | 0 |
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available] | 0 | 2.75 | 3 | 0 |
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA. | 0 | 2.75 | 3 | 0 |
Carcinoma 256, Walker A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 4.74 | 7 | 0 |
Cachexia General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease. | 0 | 3.24 | 6 | 0 |
Pancreatic Fistula Abnormal passage communicating with the PANCREAS. | 0 | 3.67 | 10 | 0 |
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available] | 0 | 3.48 | 8 | 0 |
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans. | 0 | 3.48 | 8 | 0 |
Stasis Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 3.21 | 6 | 0 |
Varicose Ulcer Skin breakdown or ulceration in the drainage area of a VARICOSE VEIN, usually in the leg. | 0 | 3.21 | 6 | 0 |
Leishmania Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
Leishmaniasis A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL). | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
Pyrexia [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process. | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
Bejel [description not available] | 0 | 4.32 | 7 | 0 |
Breast Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 5.61 | 29 | 0 |
Metastase [description not available] | 0 | 5.75 | 21 | 1 |
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST. | 0 | 5.61 | 29 | 0 |
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site. | 0 | 5.75 | 21 | 1 |
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
Blood Clot [description not available] | 0 | 5.42 | 15 | 1 |
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel. | 0 | 5.42 | 15 | 1 |
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
Starvation Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 3.25 | 6 | 0 |
Parodontosis [description not available] | 0 | 6.06 | 11 | 1 |
Periodontal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT. | 0 | 6.06 | 11 | 1 |
Netherton Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
Netherton Syndrome Rare autosomal recessive disease with variable expressions. Clinical features of the disease include variable ICHTHYOSIFORM ERYTHRODERMA, CONGENITAL; bamboo hair (trichorrhexis invaginata); and ATOPIC DERMATITIS. The disease is caused by mutations in the SPINK5 gene. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 0 | 10.14 | 18 | 0 |
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. | 0 | 15.53 | 169 | 8 |
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 5.41 | 9 | 0 |
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues. | 0 | 5.41 | 9 | 0 |
Cancer of Stomach [description not available] | 0 | 5.98 | 27 | 0 |
Colorectal Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 4.67 | 6 | 1 |
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH. | 0 | 10.98 | 27 | 0 |
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI. | 0 | 4.67 | 6 | 1 |
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. | 0 | 6.33 | 62 | 0 |
Late Onset Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.35 | 7 | 0 |
Lymphocytopenia [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow. | 0 | 3.35 | 7 | 0 |
Lymphopenia Reduction in the number of lymphocytes. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
Enteritis Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Hypoalbuminemia A condition in which albumin level in blood (SERUM ALBUMIN) is below the normal range. Hypoalbuminemia may be due to decreased hepatic albumin synthesis, increased albumin catabolism, altered albumin distribution, or albumin loss through the urine (ALBUMINURIA). | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid A tumor of both low- and high-grade malignancy. The low-grade grow slowly, appear in any age group, and are readily cured by excision. The high-grade behave aggressively, widely infiltrate the salivary gland and produce lymph node and distant metastases. Mucoepidermoid carcinomas account for about 21% of the malignant tumors of the parotid gland and 10% of the sublingual gland. They are the most common malignant tumor of the parotid. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p575; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1240) | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Cancer of the Thymus [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
Thymus Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYMUS GLAND. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
Anisakiasis Infection with roundworms of the genus ANISAKIS. Human infection results from the consumption of fish harboring roundworm larvae. The worms may cause acute NAUSEA; VOMITING; or penetrate into the wall of the DIGESTIVE TRACT where they give rise to EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMA in the STOMACH; INTESTINES; or the OMENTUM. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Parasitic Diseases, Animal Animal diseases caused by PARASITES. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Break-Bone Fever [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Dengue An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Injuries, Soft Tissue [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Autolysis The spontaneous disintegration of tissues or cells by the action of their own autogenous enzymes. | 0 | 9.09 | 16 | 0 |
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES. | 0 | 3.21 | 6 | 0 |
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available] | 0 | 6.02 | 27 | 1 |
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57) | 0 | 6.02 | 27 | 1 |
Complication, Postoperative [description not available] | 0 | 9.77 | 116 | 14 |
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery. | 0 | 9.77 | 116 | 14 |
Apoplexy [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810) | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
Angiomatosis Retinae [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
von Hippel-Lindau Disease An autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in a tumor suppressor gene. This syndrome is characterized by abnormal growth of small blood vessels leading to a host of neoplasms. They include HEMANGIOBLASTOMA in the RETINA; CEREBELLUM; and SPINAL CORD; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; pancreatic tumors; and renal cell carcinoma (see CARCINOMA, RENAL CELL). Common clinical signs include HYPERTENSION and neurological dysfunctions. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
Colicky Pain [description not available] | 0 | 4.58 | 3 | 0 |
Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region. | 0 | 4.58 | 3 | 0 |
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available] | 0 | 3.46 | 8 | 0 |
MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903) | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 1 | 0 |
Diseases, Occupational [description not available] | 0 | 3.79 | 4 | 0 |
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness [description not available] | 0 | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure. | 0 | 3.04 | 1 | 0 |
Cancer of Colon [description not available] | 0 | 5.14 | 18 | 0 |
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON. | 0 | 5.14 | 18 | 0 |
Deficiency Diseases A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
Cataract, Membranous [description not available] | 0 | 8.11 | 95 | 1 |
Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 8.11 | 95 | 1 |
African Sleeping Sickness [description not available] | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
American Trypanosomiasis [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
Trypanosomiasis, African A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces African sleeping sickness. Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals. | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
Infection, Wound [description not available] | 0 | 3.21 | 6 | 0 |
B16 Melanoma [description not available] | 0 | 3.09 | 5 | 0 |
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 5.21 | 12 | 0 |
Adipocere [description not available] | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes. | 0 | 5.93 | 3 | 3 |
Bone Diseases Diseases of BONES. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
Age-Related Macular Degeneration [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 1 | 0 |
Macular Degeneration Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms. | 0 | 3.04 | 1 | 0 |
Atrophy, Muscle [description not available] | 0 | 3.15 | 5 | 0 |
Muscular Atrophy Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation. | 0 | 3.15 | 5 | 0 |
Thyrotoxicosis A hypermetabolic syndrome caused by excess THYROID HORMONES which may come from endogenous or exogenous sources. The endogenous source of hormone may be thyroid HYPERPLASIA; THYROID NEOPLASMS; or hormone-producing extrathyroidal tissue. Thyrotoxicosis is characterized by NERVOUSNESS; TACHYCARDIA; FATIGUE; WEIGHT LOSS; heat intolerance; and excessive SWEATING. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
Black Fever [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Leishmaniasis, Visceral A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
Parotiditis [description not available] | 0 | 3.53 | 1 | 1 |
Cardiac Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 7 | 0 |
Cardiac Failure [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities. | 0 | 3.33 | 7 | 0 |
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 4.13 | 3 | 1 |
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
Leukemia, T-Cell A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
Lymphoma, T-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias. | 0 | 4.13 | 3 | 1 |
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time. | 0 | 6.74 | 58 | 1 |
Cancer of Prostate [description not available] | 0 | 3.96 | 13 | 0 |
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE. | 0 | 3.96 | 13 | 0 |
Leucocythaemia [description not available] | 0 | 3.68 | 10 | 0 |
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 4.62 | 6 | 1 |
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006) | 0 | 3.68 | 10 | 0 |
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. | 0 | 4.62 | 6 | 1 |
Laryngitis Inflammation of the LARYNGEAL MUCOSA, including the VOCAL CORDS. Laryngitis is characterized by irritation, edema, and reduced pliability of the mucosa leading to VOICE DISORDERS such as APHONIA and HOARSENESS. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Brittle Bone Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
Osteogenesis Imperfecta COLLAGEN DISEASES characterized by brittle, osteoporotic, and easily fractured bones. It may also present with blue sclerae, loose joints, and imperfect dentin formation. Most types are autosomal dominant and are associated with mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE I. | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
Glaucoma, Suspect [description not available] | 0 | 5.43 | 24 | 0 |
Ocular Hypertension A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma. | 0 | 5.43 | 24 | 0 |
Anasarca [description not available] | 0 | 9.72 | 97 | 16 |
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. | 0 | 9.72 | 97 | 16 |
Mouth Diseases Diseases involving the MOUTH. | 0 | 4.09 | 16 | 0 |
Alveolar Bone Atrophy [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Leishmaniasis, American [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous An endemic disease that is characterized by the development of single or multiple localized lesions on exposed areas of skin that typically ulcerate. The disease has been divided into Old and New World forms. Old World leishmaniasis is separated into three distinct types according to epidemiology and clinical manifestations and is caused by species of the L. tropica and L. aethiopica complexes as well as by species of the L. major genus. New World leishmaniasis, also called American leishmaniasis, occurs in South and Central America and is caused by species of the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Berger Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Glomerulonephritis, IGA A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 3.75 | 11 | 0 |
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites. | 0 | 3.75 | 11 | 0 |
Myelodysplastic Syndromes Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Ache [description not available] | 0 | 8.23 | 16 | 3 |
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS. | 0 | 8.23 | 16 | 3 |
Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body. | 0 | 5.2 | 12 | 1 |
Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Hematologic Malignancies [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Anti-Phospholipid Antibody Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Antiphospholipid Syndrome The presence of antibodies directed against phospholipids (ANTIBODIES, ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID). The condition is associated with a variety of diseases, notably systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases, thrombopenia, and arterial or venous thromboses. In pregnancy it can cause abortion. Of the phospholipids, the cardiolipins show markedly elevated levels of anticardiolipin antibodies (ANTIBODIES, ANTICARDIOLIPIN). Present also are high levels of lupus anticoagulant (LUPUS COAGULATION INHIBITOR). | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Deaf Mutism [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Deafness A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears. | 0 | 8.04 | 5 | 0 |
BH4 Deficiency [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
Phenylketonurias A group of autosomal recessive disorders marked by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE or less frequently by reduced activity of DIHYDROPTERIDINE REDUCTASE (i.e., atypical phenylketonuria). Classical phenylketonuria is caused by a severe deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase and presents in infancy with developmental delay; SEIZURES; skin HYPOPIGMENTATION; ECZEMA; and demyelination in the central nervous system. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p952). | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
Bone Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES. | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available] | 0 | 4.49 | 24 | 0 |
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. | 0 | 9.49 | 24 | 0 |
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Germinoblastoma [description not available] | 0 | 5.13 | 18 | 0 |
Familial Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinaemia [description not available] | 0 | 3.35 | 7 | 0 |
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. | 0 | 5.13 | 18 | 0 |
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia A lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by pleomorphic B-LYMPHOCYTES including PLASMA CELLS, with increased levels of monoclonal serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. There is lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration into bone marrow and often other tissues, also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Clinical features include ANEMIA; HEMORRHAGES; and hyperviscosity. | 0 | 3.35 | 7 | 0 |
Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns. | 0 | 3.19 | 6 | 0 |
Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM. | 0 | 3.19 | 6 | 0 |
Celiac Sprue [description not available] | 0 | 8.66 | 30 | 4 |
Celiac Disease A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION. | 0 | 8.66 | 30 | 4 |
Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM. | 0 | 3.65 | 10 | 0 |
Liver Dysfunction [description not available] | 0 | 3.66 | 10 | 0 |
Biliary Tract Diseases Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER. | 0 | 3.78 | 4 | 0 |
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER. | 0 | 3.66 | 10 | 0 |
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
Diffuse Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Poorly-Differentiated [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. It accounts for about 5% of adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States and Europe. The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1). | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Choledocholithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the COMMON BILE DUCT. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Clostridioides difficile Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Clostridium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Primary Hyperparathyroidism [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
Hyperparathyroidism, Primary A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE due to parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. It is characterized by the combination of HYPERCALCEMIA, phosphaturia, elevated renal 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 synthesis, and increased BONE RESORPTION. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
Atherogenesis [description not available] | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA. | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
Canine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 4.49 | 9 | 0 |
Eye Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 7.56 | 24 | 1 |
Active Hyperemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Hyphema Bleeding in the anterior chamber of the eye. | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye. | 0 | 7.56 | 24 | 1 |
Hyperemia The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous). | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Corneal Edema An excessive amount of fluid in the cornea due to damage of the epithelium or endothelium causing decreased visual acuity. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
Armstrong Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available] | 0 | 4.08 | 3 | 1 |
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS. | 0 | 4.08 | 3 | 1 |
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes. | 0 | 4.89 | 5 | 0 |
Alcohol Abuse [description not available] | 0 | 4.35 | 21 | 0 |
Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4) | 0 | 4.35 | 21 | 0 |
Blue Tongue [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available] | 0 | 5.19 | 19 | 0 |
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia. | 0 | 5.19 | 19 | 0 |
Black Death [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
Plague An acute infectious disease caused by YERSINIA PESTIS that affects humans, wild rodents, and their ectoparasites. This condition persists due to its firm entrenchment in sylvatic rodent-flea ecosystems throughout the world. Bubonic plague is the most common form. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous Disappearance of a neoplasm or neoplastic state without the intervention of therapy. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
Acinar Carcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 3.65 | 3 | 0 |
Retroperitoneal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the RETROPERITONEAL SPACE. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Acinar Cell A malignant tumor arising from secreting cells of a racemose gland, particularly the salivary glands. Racemose (Latin racemosus, full of clusters) refers, as does acinar (Latin acinus, grape), to small saclike dilatations in various glands. Acinar cell carcinomas are usually well differentiated and account for about 13% of the cancers arising in the parotid gland. Lymph node metastasis occurs in about 16% of cases. Local recurrences and distant metastases many years after treatment are common. This tumor appears in all age groups and is most common in women. (Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1240; from DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p575) | 0 | 3.65 | 3 | 0 |
Metaplasia A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type. | 0 | 3.34 | 2 | 0 |
Constriction, Pathological [description not available] | 0 | 4.46 | 5 | 1 |
Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions. | 0 | 4.46 | 5 | 1 |
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION. | 0 | 11.47 | 9 | 0 |
Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. | 0 | 5.98 | 5 | 0 |
Infections, Reoviridae [description not available] | 0 | 4.28 | 7 | 0 |
Cheilitis Granulomatosa [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight. | 0 | 6.29 | 14 | 3 |
Genetic Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
Genetic Diseases, Inborn Diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during embryo or fetal development, although they may be observed later in life. The mutations may be inherited from a parent's genome or they may be acquired in utero. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
Carotid Arteriopathies, Traumatic [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
Autoimmune Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.58 | 3 | 0 |
Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available] | 0 | 4.12 | 6 | 0 |
Duodenal Obstruction Hindrance of the passage of luminal contents in the DUODENUM. Duodenal obstruction can be partial or complete, and caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. Simple obstruction is associated with diminished or stopped flow of luminal contents. Strangulating obstruction is associated with impaired blood flow to the duodenum in addition to obstructed flow of luminal contents. | 0 | 2.99 | 1 | 0 |
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available] | 0 | 4.13 | 6 | 0 |
Injuries, Radiation [description not available] | 0 | 6.6 | 5 | 4 |
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides. | 0 | 3.58 | 3 | 0 |
Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS). | 0 | 4.12 | 6 | 0 |
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION. | 0 | 4.13 | 6 | 0 |
Allergy, Peanut [description not available] | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
Peanut Hypersensitivity Allergic reaction to peanuts that is triggered by the immune system. | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
Tauopathies Neurodegenerative disorders involving deposition of abnormal tau protein isoforms (TAU PROTEINS) in neurons and glial cells in the brain. Pathological aggregations of tau proteins are associated with mutation of the tau gene on chromosome 17 in patients with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; DEMENTIA; PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS; progressive supranuclear palsy (SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE); and corticobasal degeneration. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
Protein Folding Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
Chromosome Inversion An aberration in which a chromosomal segment is deleted and reinserted in the same place but turned 180 degrees from its original orientation, so that the gene sequence for the segment is reversed with respect to that of the rest of the chromosome. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
Chromosomal Triplication [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
Chromosome Deletion Actual loss of portion of a chromosome. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
Fungal Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
Acquired Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available] | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available] | 0 | 3.58 | 3 | 0 |
Candida Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
Candidiasis Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
Pyelonephritis Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions. | 0 | 3.58 | 3 | 0 |
Centriacinar Emphysema [description not available] | 0 | 7.24 | 17 | 1 |
Islet Cell Tumor, Malignant [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Islet Cell A primary malignant neoplasm of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the non-INSULIN-producing cell types, the PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and the pancreatic delta cells (SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS) in GLUCAGONOMA and SOMATOSTATINOMA, respectively. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
African Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
Burkitt Lymphoma A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative. | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
Babesia Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion Obstruction of the flow in the SPLANCHNIC CIRCULATION by ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EMBOLISM; THROMBOSIS; STENOSIS; TRAUMA; and compression or intrinsic pressure from adjacent tumors. Rare causes are drugs, intestinal parasites, and vascular immunoinflammatory diseases such as PERIARTERITIS NODOSA and THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS. (From Juergens et al., Peripheral Vascular Diseases, 5th ed, pp295-6) | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Deficiency, Glucosephosphatase [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
Glycogen Storage Disease Type I An autosomal recessive disease in which gene expression of glucose-6-phosphatase is absent, resulting in hypoglycemia due to lack of glucose production. Accumulation of glycogen in liver and kidney leads to organomegaly, particularly massive hepatomegaly. Increased concentrations of lactic acid and hyperlipidemia appear in the plasma. Clinical gout often appears in early childhood. | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
Hemorrhoids Swollen veins in the lower part of the RECTUM or ANUS. Hemorrhoids can be inside the anus (internal), under the skin around the anus (external), or protruding from inside to outside of the anus. People with hemorrhoids may or may not exhibit symptoms which include bleeding, itching, and pain. | 0 | 5.95 | 10 | 3 |
Gall Bladder Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Failure to Thrive A condition of substandard growth or diminished capacity to maintain normal function. | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
Malabsorption Syndromes General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients. | 0 | 6.46 | 17 | 1 |
Cancer of Pelvis [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
Dermatoses [description not available] | 0 | 5.91 | 14 | 2 |
Emesis [description not available] | 0 | 3.78 | 2 | 1 |
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses. | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS. | 0 | 5.91 | 14 | 2 |
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH. | 0 | 3.78 | 2 | 1 |
Amyloid Deposits [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
Brain Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
Bile Duct Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
Cholangiocarcinoma A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
Hepatitis INFLAMMATION of the LIVER. | 0 | 4.6 | 6 | 1 |
Circulatory Collapse [description not available] | 0 | 5.53 | 9 | 0 |
Shock A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs. | 0 | 5.53 | 9 | 0 |
Infections, Legionella pneumophila [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
Cell Transformation, Viral An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus. | 0 | 3.47 | 8 | 0 |
Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position. | 0 | 4.78 | 32 | 0 |
Disease A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown. | 0 | 9.07 | 16 | 0 |
Granulomas [description not available] | 0 | 3.96 | 14 | 0 |
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents. | 0 | 3.96 | 14 | 0 |
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular [description not available] | 0 | 2.62 | 3 | 0 |
Peripheral Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART. | 0 | 2.62 | 3 | 0 |
Allergic Reaction [description not available] | 0 | 4.5 | 25 | 0 |
Diseases of Immune System [description not available] | 0 | 3.64 | 10 | 0 |
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. | 0 | 4.5 | 25 | 0 |
Immune System Diseases Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both. | 0 | 3.64 | 10 | 0 |
Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection. | 0 | 3.55 | 9 | 0 |
Ascariasis Infection by nematodes of the genus ASCARIS. Ingestion of infective eggs causes diarrhea and pneumonitis. Its distribution is more prevalent in areas of poor sanitation and where human feces are used for fertilizer. | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Periarthritis Inflammation of the tissues around a joint. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 3.32 | 7 | 0 |
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg. | 0 | 4.43 | 23 | 0 |
Thrombophlebitis Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS). | 0 | 9.43 | 23 | 0 |
Female Genital Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 4.24 | 19 | 0 |
Genital Diseases, Female Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE). | 0 | 4.24 | 19 | 0 |
HbS Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN. | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
Anemia, Sickle Cell A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S. | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
Ulcer A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
Chronic Bronchitis [description not available] | 0 | 3.19 | 6 | 0 |
Bronchitis Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI. | 0 | 7.75 | 37 | 2 |
Bronchitis, Chronic A subcategory of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. The disease is characterized by hypersecretion of mucus accompanied by a chronic (more than 3 months in 2 consecutive years) productive cough. Infectious agents are a major cause of chronic bronchitis. | 0 | 3.19 | 6 | 0 |
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available] | 0 | 5.94 | 26 | 0 |
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated. | 0 | 5.94 | 26 | 0 |
Blood Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
Hematologic Diseases Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues. | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
Choroid Diseases Disorders of the choroid including hereditary choroidal diseases, neoplasms, and other abnormalities of the vascular layer of the uvea. | 0 | 6.93 | 1 | 0 |
Retinal Diseases Diseases involving the RETINA. | 0 | 8.2 | 6 | 0 |
Cornea Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 4.24 | 7 | 0 |
Corneal Injuries Damage or trauma inflicted to the CORNEA by external means. | 0 | 9.24 | 7 | 0 |
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries. | 0 | 9.48 | 9 | 0 |
Respiration Disorders Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Respiratory Tract Diseases Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Concomitant Strabismus [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Strabismus Misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. In comitant strabismus the degree of ocular misalignment does not vary with the direction of gaze. In noncomitant strabismus the degree of misalignment varies depending on direction of gaze or which eye is fixating on the target. (Miller, Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p641) | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available] | 0 | 10.42 | 25 | 0 |
Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death. | 0 | 5.42 | 25 | 0 |
Herpes Simplex Keratitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Keratitis, Herpetic A superficial, epithelial Herpesvirus hominis infection of the cornea, characterized by the presence of small vesicles which may break down and coalesce to form dendritic ulcers (KERATITIS, DENDRITIC). (Dictionary of Visual Science, 3d ed) | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Fallopian Tube Diseases Diseases involving the FALLOPIAN TUBES including neoplasms (FALLOPIAN TUBE NEOPLASMS); SALPINGITIS; tubo-ovarian abscess; and blockage. | 0 | 4.83 | 8 | 1 |
Sinus Infections [description not available] | 0 | 5.63 | 19 | 1 |
Sinusitis, Maxillary [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES. | 0 | 5.63 | 19 | 1 |
Maxillary Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in the MAXILLARY SINUS. In many cases, it is caused by an infection of the bacteria HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; or STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS. | 0 | 6.93 | 1 | 0 |
Catarrh Inflammation of a mucous membrane with increased flow of mucous in humans or animals. Catarrh is used mostly in a historical context. | 0 | 7.63 | 3 | 0 |
Ear Diseases Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body. | 0 | 3.03 | 5 | 0 |
Middle Ear Inflammation [description not available] | 0 | 4.38 | 22 | 0 |
Common Cold A catarrhal disorder of the upper respiratory tract, which may be viral or a mixed infection. It generally involves a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Otitis Media Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE. | 0 | 9.38 | 22 | 0 |
Cavernitis, Fibrous [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Penile Diseases Pathological processes involving the PENIS or its component tissues. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Penile Induration A condition characterized by hardening of the PENIS due to the formation of fibrous plaques on the dorsolateral aspect of the PENIS, usually involving the membrane (tunica albuginea) surrounding the erectile tissue (corpus cavernosum penis). This may eventually cause a painful deformity of the shaft or constriction of the urethra, or both. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Adhesions, Tissue [description not available] | 0 | 5.16 | 19 | 0 |
Peritoneal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM. | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Connective Tissue Diseases A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Hemorrhage, Vitreous [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Vitreous Hemorrhage Hemorrhage into the VITREOUS BODY. | 0 | 7.34 | 2 | 0 |
Foot Diseases Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot. | 0 | 4.93 | 9 | 1 |
Epiphora [description not available] | 0 | 3.77 | 4 | 0 |
Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases Diseases of the LACRIMAL APPARATUS. | 0 | 3.77 | 4 | 0 |
Corneal Diseases Diseases of the cornea. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Mastitis INFLAMMATION of the BREAST, or MAMMARY GLAND. | 0 | 4.94 | 9 | 1 |
Injuries, Eye [description not available] | 0 | 3.55 | 9 | 0 |
Eye Injuries Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries. | 0 | 3.55 | 9 | 0 |
Infection [description not available] | 0 | 4.56 | 10 | 0 |
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases. | 0 | 4.56 | 10 | 0 |
Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin. | 0 | 3.77 | 4 | 0 |
Pyoderma Any purulent skin disease (Dorland, 27th ed). | 0 | 3.26 | 2 | 0 |
Congenital Familial Lymphedema [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Lymphedema Edema due to obstruction of lymph vessels or disorders of the lymph nodes. | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Abscess, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 4.56 | 10 | 0 |
Pus [description not available] | 0 | 5.12 | 11 | 1 |
Lung Abscess Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the lung parenchyma as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents. | 0 | 4.56 | 10 | 0 |
Alveolar Proteinoses, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 3.77 | 4 | 0 |
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis A PULMONARY ALVEOLI-filling disease, characterized by dense phospholipoproteinaceous deposits in the alveoli, cough, and DYSPNEA. This disease is often related to, congenital or acquired, impaired processing of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS by alveolar macrophages, a process dependent on GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR. | 0 | 3.77 | 4 | 0 |
Otospongiosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Otosclerosis Formation of spongy bone in the labyrinth capsule which can progress toward the STAPES (stapedial fixation) or anteriorly toward the COCHLEA leading to conductive, sensorineural, or mixed HEARING LOSS. Several genes are associated with familial otosclerosis with varied clinical signs. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Deafness, Transitory [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Hearing Loss A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Buerger Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Bruise [description not available] | 0 | 4.98 | 5 | 2 |
Contusions Injuries resulting in hemorrhage, usually manifested in the skin. | 0 | 4.98 | 5 | 2 |
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues. | 0 | 4.59 | 6 | 0 |
Catatonia A neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by one or more of the following essential features: immobility, mutism, negativism (active or passive refusal to follow commands), mannerisms, stereotypies, posturing, grimacing, excitement, echolalia, echopraxia, muscular rigidity, and stupor; sometimes punctuated by sudden violent outbursts, panic, or hallucinations. This condition may be associated with psychiatric illnesses (e.g., SCHIZOPHRENIA; MOOD DISORDERS) or organic disorders (NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME; ENCEPHALITIS, etc.). (From DSM-IV, 4th ed, 1994; APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994) | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Diabetic Retinopathy Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Pink Eye [description not available] | 0 | 4.88 | 14 | 0 |
Symptom Cluster [description not available] | 0 | 3.89 | 13 | 0 |
Conjunctivitis INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA. | 0 | 4.88 | 14 | 0 |
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex. | 0 | 8.89 | 13 | 0 |
Hemorrhage, Retinal [description not available] | 0 | 3.19 | 6 | 0 |
Adnexitis Inflammation of the uterine appendages (ADNEXA UTERI) including infection of the FALLOPIAN TUBES (SALPINGITIS), the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), or the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS). | 0 | 5.63 | 19 | 1 |
Primary Peritonitis [description not available] | 0 | 3.44 | 8 | 0 |
Infection, Postoperative Wound [description not available] | 0 | 3.65 | 10 | 0 |
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease A spectrum of inflammation involving the female upper genital tract and the supporting tissues. It is usually caused by an ascending infection of organisms from the endocervix. Infection may be confined to the uterus (ENDOMETRITIS), the FALLOPIAN TUBES; (SALPINGITIS); the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS), or may involve several of the above uterine appendages. Such inflammation can lead to functional impairment and infertility. | 0 | 5.63 | 19 | 1 |
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs. | 0 | 3.44 | 8 | 0 |
Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Cellulitis, Pelvic [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Parametritis Inflammation of the parametrium, the connective tissue of the pelvic floor, extending from the subserous coat of the uterus laterally between the layers of the BROAD LIGAMENT. | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Endomyometritis Inflammation of both the ENDOMETRIUM and the MYOMETRIUM, usually caused by infections after a CESAREAN SECTION. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Female Genital Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Endometritis Inflammation of the ENDOMETRIUM, usually caused by intrauterine infections. Endometritis is the most common cause of postpartum fever. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Genital Neoplasms, Female Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE). | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Sore Throat [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Mucositis, Oral [description not available] | 0 | 5 | 5 | 2 |
Pharyngitis Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX). | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Stomatitis INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP. | 0 | 5 | 5 | 2 |
Arthropathies [description not available] | 0 | 3.45 | 8 | 0 |
Joint Diseases Diseases involving the JOINTS. | 0 | 3.45 | 8 | 0 |
Furrow Keratitis [description not available] | 0 | 3.95 | 5 | 0 |
Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea. | 0 | 9.87 | 14 | 0 |
Bronchial Diseases Diseases involving the BRONCHI. | 0 | 3.55 | 9 | 0 |
Infections, Respiratory [description not available] | 0 | 3.81 | 12 | 0 |
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases. | 0 | 3.81 | 12 | 0 |
B Virus Infection [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Corneal Perforation A puncture or hole through the CORNEAL STROMA resulting from various diseases or trauma. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Keratitis, Ulcerative [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Corneal Ulcer Loss of epithelial tissue from the surface of the cornea due to progressive erosion and necrosis of the tissue; usually caused by bacterial, fungal, or viral infection. | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Hematoma A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue. | 0 | 11.54 | 19 | 3 |
Chandler Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Corneal Dystrophies [description not available] | 0 | 3.19 | 6 | 0 |
Koch's Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.45 | 8 | 0 |
Pulmonary Consumption [description not available] | 0 | 3.55 | 9 | 0 |
Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS. | 0 | 3.45 | 8 | 0 |
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung. | 0 | 3.55 | 9 | 0 |
Dacryoadenitis [description not available] | 0 | 4.36 | 8 | 0 |
Lacrimal Duct Obstruction Interference with the secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands. Obstruction of the LACRIMAL SAC or NASOLACRIMAL DUCT causing acute or chronic inflammation of the lacrimal sac (DACRYOCYSTITIS). It is caused also in infants by failure of the nasolacrimal duct to open into the inferior meatus and occurs about the third week of life. In adults occlusion may occur spontaneously or after injury or nasal disease. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p250) | 0 | 4.65 | 11 | 0 |
Periphlebitis Periphlebitis is inflammation of the outer coat of a vein or of tissues surrounding the vein. | 0 | 3.32 | 7 | 0 |
Phlebitis Inflammation of a vein, often a vein in the leg. Phlebitis associated with a blood clot is called (THROMBOPHLEBITIS). | 0 | 8.32 | 7 | 0 |
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available] | 0 | 5.77 | 22 | 1 |
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL). | 0 | 5.77 | 22 | 1 |
Bronchiectasis Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi. | 0 | 4.83 | 8 | 1 |
Epididymitis Inflammation of the EPIDIDYMIS. Its clinical features include enlarged epididymis, a swollen SCROTUM; PAIN; PYURIA; and FEVER. It is usually related to infections in the URINARY TRACT, which likely spread to the EPIDIDYMIS through either the VAS DEFERENS or the lymphatics of the SPERMATIC CORD. | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
Dupuytren's Contracture [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Dupuytren Contracture A fibromatosis of the palmar fascia characterized by thickening and contracture of the fibrous bands on the palmar surfaces of the hand and fingers. It arises most commonly in men between the ages of 30 and 50. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Ear Infection [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Orthopedic Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Musculoskeletal Diseases Diseases of the muscles and their associated ligaments and other connective tissue and of the bones and cartilage viewed collectively. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Breast Diseases Pathological processes of the BREAST. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Puerperal Disorders Disorders or diseases associated with PUERPERIUM, the six-to-eight-week period immediately after PARTURITION in humans. | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
Nasal Catarrh [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Ozena [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Tracheitis INFLAMMATION of the TRACHEA that is usually associated with RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Rhinitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Rhinitis, Atrophic A chronic inflammation in which the NASAL MUCOSA gradually changes from a functional to a non-functional lining without mucociliary clearance. It is often accompanied by degradation of the bony TURBINATES, and the foul-smelling mucus which forms a greenish crust (ozena). | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures. | 0 | 4.03 | 3 | 0 |
Burns, Chemical Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Burns, Inhalation Burns of the respiratory tract caused by heat or inhaled chemicals. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Indigestion [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Dyspepsia Impaired digestion, especially after eating. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Vibrio cholerae Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Cholera An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Viral Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.27 | 2 | 0 |
Tonsillitis Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the PALATINE TONSILS but the ADENOIDS (pharyngeal tonsils) and lingual tonsils may also be involved. Tonsillitis usually is caused by bacterial infection. Tonsillitis may be acute, chronic, or recurrent. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses. | 0 | 3.27 | 2 | 0 |
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 6.52 | 34 | 0 |
Experimental Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 4.48 | 9 | 0 |
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA. | 0 | 3.03 | 5 | 0 |
Ecchymosis Extravasation of blood into the skin, resulting in a nonelevated, rounded or irregular, blue or purplish patch, larger than a petechia. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Facial Injuries General or unspecified injuries to the soft tissue or bony portions of the face. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Cicatrization The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries. | 0 | 4.43 | 5 | 0 |
Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. | 0 | 4.43 | 5 | 0 |
Leukoma [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Corneal Opacity Disorder occurring in the central or peripheral area of the cornea. The usual degree of transparency becomes relatively opaque. | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Salivary Gland Diseases Diseases involving the SALIVARY GLANDS. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA). | 0 | 4.66 | 11 | 0 |
Infant, Newborn, Diseases Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts. | 0 | 4.24 | 7 | 0 |
Empyema, Gall Bladder [description not available] | 0 | 4.72 | 7 | 1 |
Gallstone Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.35 | 7 | 0 |
Cholecystitis Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases. | 0 | 4.72 | 7 | 1 |
Cholelithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS). | 0 | 3.35 | 7 | 0 |
Thromboembolism Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Contracture, Volkmann [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Compartment Syndromes Conditions in which increased pressure within a limited space compromises the BLOOD CIRCULATION and function of tissue within that space. Some of the causes of increased pressure are TRAUMA, tight dressings, HEMORRHAGE, and exercise. Sequelae include nerve compression (NERVE COMPRESSION SYNDROMES); PARALYSIS; and ISCHEMIC CONTRACTURE. FASCIOTOMY is often used to decompress increased pressure and eliminate pain associated with compartment syndromes. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Humeral Fractures Fractures of the HUMERUS. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Petechiae Pinhead size (3 mm) skin discolorization due to hemorrhage. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Purpura Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. When the size of the discolorization is | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Teratogenesis The formation of CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Abnormalities, Congenital [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Cleft Palate, Isolated [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Nanism [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Cleft Palate Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Dwarfism A genetic or pathological condition that is characterized by short stature and undersize. Abnormal skeletal growth usually results in an adult who is significantly below the average height. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Bordetella pertussis Infection, Respiratory [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Whooping Cough A respiratory infection caused by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS and characterized by paroxysmal coughing ending in a prolonged crowing intake of breath. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Leanness [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Cyst [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Mucocele A retention cyst of the salivary gland, lacrimal sac, paranasal sinuses, appendix, or gallbladder. (Stedman, 26th ed) | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Arthritides, Bacterial [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome A symptom complex associated with CARCINOID TUMOR and characterized by attacks of severe flushing of the skin, diarrheal watery stools, bronchoconstriction, sudden drops in blood pressure, edema, and ascites. The carcinoid tumors are usually located in the gastrointestinal tract and metastasize to the liver. Symptoms are caused by tumor secretion of serotonin, prostaglandins, and other biologically active substances. Cardiac manifestations constitute CARCINOID HEART DISEASE. (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Bronchial Pneumonia [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Bronchiolitis Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment [description not available] | 0 | 4.14 | 17 | 0 |
Retinal Detachment Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12). | 0 | 4.14 | 17 | 0 |
Coagulation Disorders, Blood [description not available] | 0 | 4.57 | 10 | 0 |
Bleeding [description not available] | 0 | 3.89 | 13 | 0 |
Blood Coagulation Disorders Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions. | 0 | 4.57 | 10 | 0 |
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. | 0 | 3.89 | 13 | 0 |
Bladder Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Hydronephrosis Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Reproductive Sterility [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Kidney Stones [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Phimosis A condition in which the FORESKIN cannot be retracted to reveal the GLANS PENIS. It is due to tightness or narrowing of the foreskin opening. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Ureteral Calculi Stones in the URETER that are formed in the KIDNEY. They are rarely more than 5 mm in diameter for larger renal stones cannot enter ureters. They are often lodged at the ureteral narrowing and can cause excruciating renal colic. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Infertility A reduced or absent capacity to reproduce. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Kidney Calculi Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Adhesive Capsulitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Bursitis Inflammation or irritation of a SYNOVIAL BURSA, the fibrous sac that acts as a cushion between moving structures of bones, muscles, tendons or skin. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Shoulder Pain Unilateral or bilateral pain of the shoulder. It is often caused by physical activities such as work or sports participation, but may also be pathologic in origin. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Infections, Pneumococcal [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available] | 0 | 3.66 | 10 | 0 |
Pneumococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS. | 0 | 3.66 | 10 | 0 |
Achlorhydria A lack of HYDROCHLORIC ACID in GASTRIC JUICE despite stimulation of gastric secretion. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Addison's Anemia [description not available] | 0 | 4.02 | 3 | 1 |
Urinary Tract Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Postgastrectomy Syndromes Sequelae of gastrectomy from the second week after operation on. Include recurrent or anastomotic ulcer, postprandial syndromes (DUMPING SYNDROME and late postprandial hypoglycemia), disordered bowel action, and nutritional deficiencies. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Perforated Appendicitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
Appendicitis Acute inflammation of the APPENDIX. Acute appendicitis is classified as simple, gangrenous, or perforated. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Pleurisy INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Empyema Presence of pus in a hollow organ or body cavity. | 0 | 3.96 | 5 | 0 |
Fuch's Endothelial Dystrophy [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy Disorder caused by loss of endothelium of the central cornea. It is characterized by hyaline endothelial outgrowths on Descemet's membrane, epithelial blisters, reduced vision, and pain. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Varices [description not available] | 0 | 4.58 | 6 | 1 |
Varicose Veins Enlarged and tortuous VEINS. | 0 | 4.58 | 6 | 1 |
Cancer of Larynx [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Facial Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the FACE. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Sterility, Female [description not available] | 0 | 4.19 | 18 | 0 |
Infertility, Female Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception. | 0 | 4.19 | 18 | 0 |
Gastric Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
Gastric Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
Gastritis Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
Nasal Bleeding [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Angiomatosis A condition with multiple tumor-like lesions caused either by congenital or developmental malformations of BLOOD VESSELS, or reactive vascular proliferations, such as in bacillary angiomatosis. Angiomatosis is considered non-neoplastic. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Epistaxis Bleeding from the nose. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic An autosomal dominant vascular anomaly characterized by telangiectases of the skin and mucous membranes and by recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. This disorder is caused by mutations of a gene (on chromosome 9q3) which encodes endoglin, a membrane glycoprotein that binds TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Anus Prolapse [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Atelectasis [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
Cervical Tuberculous Lymphadenitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Empyema, Pleural, Tuberculous [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Mitral Incompetence [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Mitral Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Pulmonary Stenoses [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Cardiac Septal Defect [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Mitral Valve Insufficiency Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Mitral Valve Stenosis Narrowing of the passage through the MITRAL VALVE due to FIBROSIS, and CALCINOSIS in the leaflets and chordal areas. This elevates the left atrial pressure which, in turn, raises pulmonary venous and capillary pressure leading to bouts of DYSPNEA and TACHYCARDIA during physical exertion. RHEUMATIC FEVER is its primary cause. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Infectious Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Communicable Diseases An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Esophageal Stricture [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Esophageal Perforation An opening or hole in the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by TRAUMA, injury, or pathological process. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Esophageal Stenosis A stricture of the ESOPHAGUS. Most are acquired but can be congenital. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Esophagitis INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Emphysema A pathological accumulation of air in tissues or organs. | 0 | 4.25 | 7 | 0 |
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.85 | 1 | 0 |
Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.) | 0 | 2.85 | 1 | 0 |
Renal Artery Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Renal Artery Obstruction Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR). | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Amblyopia, Developmental [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Amblyopia A nonspecific term referring to impaired vision. Major subcategories include stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia and toxic amblyopia. Stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia is a developmental disorder of the visual cortex. A discrepancy between visual information received by the visual cortex from each eye results in abnormal cortical development. STRABISMUS and REFRACTIVE ERRORS may cause this condition. Toxic amblyopia is a disorder of the OPTIC NERVE which is associated with ALCOHOLISM, tobacco SMOKING, and other toxins and as an adverse effect of the use of some medications. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Allergy, Drug [description not available] | 0 | 3.55 | 9 | 0 |
Ocular Tuberculosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally. | 0 | 3.55 | 9 | 0 |
Plica Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Synovitis Inflammation of the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Tenosynovitis Inflammation of the synovial lining of a tendon sheath. Causes include trauma, tendon stress, bacterial disease (gonorrhea, tuberculosis), rheumatic disease, and gout. Common sites are the hand, wrist, shoulder capsule, hip capsule, hamstring muscles, and Achilles tendon. The tendon sheaths become inflamed and painful, and accumulate fluid. Joint mobility is usually reduced. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Posterior Vitreous Detachment [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Thyroiditis Inflammatory diseases of the THYROID GLAND. Thyroiditis can be classified into acute (THYROIDITIS, SUPPURATIVE), subacute (granulomatous and lymphocytic), chronic fibrous (Riedel's), chronic lymphocytic (HASHIMOTO DISEASE), transient (POSTPARTUM THYROIDITIS), and other AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS subtypes. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Autoimmune Thyroiditis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Breathlessness [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Anoxemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Schwartzman Phenomenon [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Angioneurotic Edema [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Dermatitis, Eczematous [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Angioedema Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Eczema A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed). | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Otitis Media, Purulent [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Otitis Media, Suppurative Inflammation of the middle ear with purulent discharge. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Equine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
Leg Ulcer Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes. | 0 | 11.32 | 8 | 2 |
Infectious Endophthalmitis Infectious condition of the internal eye. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Panophthalmitis Acute suppurative inflammation of the inner eye with necrosis of the sclera (and sometimes the cornea) and extension of the inflammation into the orbit. Pain may be severe and the globe may rupture. In endophthalmitis the globe does not rupture. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Uveitis, Sympathetic [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Eye Foreign Bodies Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the eye. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Endophthalmitis Suppurative inflammation of the tissues of the internal structures of the eye frequently associated with an infection. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Ophthalmia, Sympathetic Granulomatous uveitis which follows in one eye after a penetrating injury to the other eye; the secondarily affected eye is called the sympathizing eye, and the injured eye is called the exciting or activating eye. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Uveitis Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 5.5 | 9 | 2 |
Keratoconjunctivitis Simultaneous inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Sprains [description not available] | 0 | 10.64 | 7 | 3 |
Sprains and Strains A collective term for muscle and ligament injuries without dislocation or fracture. A sprain is a joint injury in which some of the fibers of a supporting ligament are ruptured but the continuity of the ligament remains intact. A strain is an overstretching or overexertion of some part of the musculature. | 0 | 5.64 | 7 | 3 |
Rheumatism [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
Rheumatic Diseases Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement. | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.56 | 3 | 0 |
Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis. | 0 | 3.56 | 3 | 0 |
Complication, Intraoperative [description not available] | 0 | 4.24 | 4 | 1 |
Bed Sores [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Gangrene Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply. | 0 | 3.55 | 3 | 0 |
Pressure Ulcer An ulceration caused by prolonged pressure on the SKIN and TISSUES when one stays in one position for a long period of time, such as lying in bed. The bony areas of the body are the most frequently affected sites which become ischemic (ISCHEMIA) under sustained and constant pressure. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Inborn Errors of Metabolism [description not available] | 0 | 4.94 | 9 | 0 |
Hypoproteinemia A condition in which total serum protein level is below the normal range. Hypoproteinemia can be caused by protein malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract, EDEMA, or PROTEINURIA. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia) Deficiency Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Metabolism, Inborn Errors Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero. | 0 | 4.94 | 9 | 0 |
Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase I Deficiency Disease A urea cycle disorder manifesting in infancy as lethargy, emesis, seizures, alterations of muscle tone, abnormal eye movements, and an elevation of serum ammonia. The disorder is caused by a reduction in the activity of hepatic mitochondrial CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (AMMONIA). (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp50-1) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 6.33 | 15 | 1 |
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG. | 0 | 6.33 | 15 | 1 |
Priapism A prolonged painful erection that may lasts hours and is not associated with sexual activity. It is seen in patients with SICKLE CELL ANEMIA, advanced malignancy, spinal trauma; and certain drug treatments. | 0 | 3.55 | 3 | 0 |
Capsule Opacification Clouding or loss of transparency of the posterior lens capsule, usually following CATARACT extraction. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Arthus Phenomenon [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Cholera Infantum [description not available] | 0 | 6.39 | 16 | 1 |
Elaeophoriasis [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Filariasis Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Complications, Labor [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast. | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH. | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
Intestinal Obstruction Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL. | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
Ileus A condition caused by the lack of intestinal PERISTALSIS or INTESTINAL MOTILITY without any mechanical obstruction. This interference of the flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS often leads to INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION. Ileus may be classified into postoperative, inflammatory, metabolic, neurogenic, and drug-induced. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Hemorrhagic Shock [description not available] | 0 | 3.45 | 8 | 0 |
Lacerations Torn, ragged, mangled wounds. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Gastroduodenal Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 3.64 | 10 | 0 |
Peptic Ulcer Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). | 0 | 3.64 | 10 | 0 |
Hospital-Acquired Condition [description not available] | 0 | 3.26 | 2 | 0 |
Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
Rida [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
ATLL [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell Aggressive T-Cell malignancy with adult onset, caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. It is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin, Southeastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
Elliptocytosis, Hereditary An intrinsic defect of erythrocytes inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The erythrocytes assume an oval or elliptical shape. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
Acute Membranous Gingivitis [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 2 | 0 |
Cytomegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
HIV Coinfection [description not available] | 0 | 4.08 | 3 | 1 |
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2. | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). | 0 | 4.08 | 3 | 1 |
alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Deficiency of the protease inhibitor ALPHA 1-ANTITRYPSIN that manifests primarily as PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA and LIVER CIRRHOSIS. | 0 | 4.39 | 8 | 0 |
Complications, Infectious Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
CBS Deficiency [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
Marfan Syndrome, Type I [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
Homocystinuria Autosomal recessive inborn error of methionine metabolism usually caused by a deficiency of CYSTATHIONINE BETA-SYNTHASE and associated with elevations of homocysteine in plasma and urine. Clinical features include a tall slender habitus, SCOLIOSIS, arachnodactyly, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, genu varus, thin blond hair, malar flush, lens dislocations, an increased incidence of MENTAL RETARDATION, and a tendency to develop fibrosis of arteries, frequently complicated by CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p979) | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
Marfan Syndrome An autosomal dominant disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE with abnormal features in the heart, the eye, and the skeleton. Cardiovascular manifestations include MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE, dilation of the AORTA, and aortic dissection. Other features include lens displacement (ectopia lentis), disproportioned long limbs and enlarged DURA MATER (dural ectasia). Marfan syndrome (type 1) is associated with mutations in the gene encoding FIBRILLIN-1 (FBN1), a major element of extracellular microfibrils of connective tissue. Mutations in the gene encoding TYPE II TGF-BETA RECEPTOR (TGFBR2) are associated with Marfan syndrome type 2. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
Autosomal Recessive Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
Amyloidosis A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits. | 0 | 5.28 | 9 | 0 |
Cancer of Cervix [description not available] | 0 | 4.45 | 5 | 1 |
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX. | 0 | 4.45 | 5 | 1 |
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC). | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
E coli Infections [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available] | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
Complications, Parasitic Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Fetal Death Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Fetal Resorption The disintegration and assimilation of the dead FETUS in the UTERUS at any stage after the completion of organogenesis which, in humans, is after the 9th week of GESTATION. It does not include embryo resorption (see EMBRYO LOSS). | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
Cancer of Mouth [description not available] | 0 | 4.04 | 3 | 1 |
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH. | 0 | 4.04 | 3 | 1 |
Bovine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
Malignant Fibrohistiocytic Tumors [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous The most commonly diagnosed soft tissue sarcoma. It is a neoplasm with a fibrohistiocytic appearance found chiefly in later adult life, with peak incidence in the 7th decade. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
Infections, Taenia [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
Taeniasis Infection with tapeworms of the genus Taenia. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
Aphakia, Postcataract Absence of the crystalline lens resulting from cataract extraction. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
Tachyarrhythmia [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Cardiac Arrest, Sudden [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION). | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Death, Sudden, Cardiac Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005) | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
Alcoholic Liver Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
Alcoholic Fatty Liver [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
Liver Diseases, Alcoholic Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
Deep Vein Thrombosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.43 | 1 | 1 |
Venous Insufficiency Impaired venous blood flow or venous return (venous stasis), usually caused by inadequate venous valves. Venous insufficiency often occurs in the legs, and is associated with EDEMA and sometimes with VENOUS STASIS ULCERS at the ankle. | 0 | 3.77 | 2 | 1 |
Venous Thrombosis The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein. | 0 | 3.43 | 1 | 1 |
Pleural Diseases Diseases involving the PLEURA. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Hydrarthrosis Accumulation of watery fluid in the cavity of a joint. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Sarcoma 180 An experimental sarcoma of mice. | 0 | 3.26 | 2 | 0 |
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available] | 0 | 5.35 | 14 | 1 |
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules. | 0 | 5.35 | 14 | 1 |
Infant, Premature, Diseases Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
Megacolon Dilatation of the COLON, often to alarming dimensions. There are various types of megacolon including congenital megacolon in HIRSCHSPRUNG DISEASE, idiopathic megacolon in CONSTIPATION, and TOXIC MEGACOLON. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Cranial Sinus Thrombosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired [description not available] | 0 | 3.79 | 4 | 0 |
Hyperlipemia [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Icterus [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Anemia, Hemolytic A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES). | 0 | 3.79 | 4 | 0 |
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood. | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Jaundice A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Bronchial [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Hyponatremia Deficiency of sodium in the blood; salt depletion. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Contracture Prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the joint. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
ENT Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Collagen Diseases Historically, a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, etc. This classification was based on the notion that collagen was equivalent to connective tissue, but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen and the aggregates derived from them as distinct entities, the term collagen diseases now pertains exclusively to those inherited conditions in which the primary defect is at the gene level and affects collagen biosynthesis, post-translational modification, or extracellular processing directly. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1494) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms. | 0 | 5.14 | 11 | 0 |
Bacterial Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.21 | 6 | 0 |
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified. | 0 | 3.21 | 6 | 0 |
Adenitis [description not available] | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
Fibroid [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Leiomyoma A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available] | 0 | 3.57 | 9 | 0 |
Fetal Growth Restriction [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Fetal Growth Retardation Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Leukemia, Lymphocytic [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Opisthorchis felineus Infection [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Opisthorchiasis Infection with flukes of the genus Opisthorchis. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Lymphatic Diseases Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS. | 0 | 3.46 | 8 | 0 |
Kawasaki Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome An acute, febrile, mucocutaneous condition accompanied by swelling of cervical lymph nodes in infants and young children. The principal symptoms are fever, congestion of the ocular conjunctivae, reddening of the lips and oral cavity, protuberance of tongue papillae, and edema or erythema of the extremities. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Infections, Meningococcal [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Meningococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
Acute Brain Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Central Nervous System Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Central Nervous System Diseases Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Nutritional Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 4.38 | 8 | 0 |
Nutrition Disorders Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition. | 0 | 4.38 | 8 | 0 |
Pleural Effusion Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself. | 0 | 3.74 | 11 | 0 |
Catatonic Rigidity [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Muscle Rigidity Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from MUSCLE SPASTICITY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p73) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Fibromatosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Fibroma A benign tumor of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity. | 0 | 3.21 | 6 | 0 |
Panniculitis, Nodular Nonsuppurative A form of panniculitis characterized by recurrent episodes of fever accompanied by the eruption of single or multiple erythematous subcutaneous nodules on the lower extremities. They normally resolve, but tend to leave depressions in the skin. The condition is most often seen in women, alone or in association with other disorders. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Cancer of the Uterus [description not available] | 0 | 3.81 | 4 | 0 |
Cystadenocarcinoma A malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. The neoplastic cells manifest varying degrees of anaplasia and invasiveness, and local extension and metastases occur. Cystadenocarcinomas develop frequently in the ovaries, where pseudomucinous and serous types are recognized. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS. | 0 | 3.81 | 4 | 0 |
Hand-Schu00FCller-Christian Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell A group of disorders resulting from the abnormal proliferation of and tissue infiltration by LANGERHANS CELLS which can be detected by their characteristic Birbeck granules (X bodies), or by monoclonal antibody staining for their surface CD1 ANTIGENS. Langerhans-cell granulomatosis can involve a single organ, or can be a systemic disorder. | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
Marasmus [description not available] | 0 | 4.26 | 7 | 0 |
Protein-Energy Malnutrition The lack of sufficient energy or protein to meet the body's metabolic demands, as a result of either an inadequate dietary intake of protein, intake of poor quality dietary protein, increased demands due to disease, or increased nutrient losses. | 0 | 4.26 | 7 | 0 |
Acne Rosacea [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Rosacea A cutaneous disorder primarily of convexities of the central part of the FACE, such as FOREHEAD; CHEEK; NOSE; and CHIN. It is characterized by FLUSHING; ERYTHEMA; EDEMA; RHINOPHYMA; papules; and ocular symptoms. It may occur at any age but typically after age 30. There are various subtypes of rosacea: erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular (National Rosacea Society's Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea, J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46:584-7). | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Purpura, Thrombopenic [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic Any form of purpura in which the PLATELET COUNT is decreased. Many forms are thought to be caused by immunological mechanisms. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
Angioma, Sclerosing [description not available] | 0 | 4.58 | 10 | 0 |
Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous A benign tumor composed, wholly or in part, of cells with the morphologic characteristics of HISTIOCYTES and with various fibroblastic components. Fibrous histiocytomas can occur anywhere in the body. When they occur in the skin, they are called dermatofibromas or sclerosing hemangiomas. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p1747) | 0 | 4.58 | 10 | 0 |
Obstructive Lung Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.34 | 7 | 0 |
Lung Diseases, Obstructive Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent. | 0 | 3.34 | 7 | 0 |
Thrombocytopathy [description not available] | 0 | 3.21 | 6 | 0 |
Blood Platelet Disorders Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function. | 0 | 3.21 | 6 | 0 |
Hypogammaglobulinemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Agammaglobulinemia An immunologic deficiency state characterized by an extremely low level of generally all classes of gamma-globulin in the blood. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Acantholysis Bullosa [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Epidermolysis Bullosa Group of genetically determined disorders characterized by the blistering of skin and mucosae. There are four major forms: acquired, simple, junctional, and dystrophic. Each of the latter three has several varieties. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Soft Tissue Neoplasms Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Infections, Paramyxoviridae [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
Paramyxoviridae Infections Infections with viruses of the family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE. This includes MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTIONS; RESPIROVIRUS INFECTIONS; PNEUMOVIRUS INFECTIONS; HENIPAVIRUS INFECTIONS; AVULAVIRUS INFECTIONS; and RUBULAVIRUS INFECTIONS. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Autosomal Recessive Chronic Granulomatous Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Granulomatous Disease, Chronic A defect of leukocyte function in which phagocytic cells ingest but fail to digest bacteria, resulting in recurring bacterial infections with granuloma formation. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene, the condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, or NCF4 gene mutations, the condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Farmer's Lung A form of alveolitis or pneumonitis due to an acquired hypersensitivity to inhaled antigens associated with farm environment. Antigens in the farm dust are commonly from bacteria actinomycetes (SACCHAROPOLYSPORA and THERMOACTINOMYCES), fungi, and animal proteins in the soil, straw, crops, pelts, serum, and excreta. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
Maculopapular Cutaneous Mastocytosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.56 | 3 | 0 |
Di Guglielmo Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood. | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
Enteric Fever [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Typhoid Fever An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Mumps An acute infectious disease caused by RUBULAVIRUS, spread by direct contact, airborne droplet nuclei, fomites contaminated by infectious saliva, and perhaps urine, and usually seen in children under the age of 15, although adults may also be affected. (From Dorland, 28th ed) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Neoplasms, Bronchial [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Bronchial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Cancer of Kidney [description not available] | 0 | 3.28 | 2 | 0 |
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY. | 0 | 3.28 | 2 | 0 |
Franklin Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
Cancer of Rectum [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
Cancer of Gallbladder [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Gallbladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Malignant Melanoma [description not available] | 0 | 3.83 | 12 | 0 |
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445) | 0 | 3.83 | 12 | 0 |
Hypospermatogenesis [description not available] | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
Acne [description not available] | 0 | 5.43 | 4 | 4 |
Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors. | 0 | 5.43 | 4 | 4 |
Hyperthyroid [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available] | 0 | 3.97 | 5 | 0 |
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 3.97 | 5 | 0 |
Sclerosis, Systemic [description not available] | 0 | 4.03 | 3 | 1 |
Scleroderma, Systemic A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA. | 0 | 4.03 | 3 | 1 |
Abdomen, Acute A clinical syndrome with acute abdominal pain that is severe, localized, and rapid in onset. Acute abdomen may be caused by a variety of disorders, injuries, or diseases. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Peptic Ulcer Perforation Penetration of a PEPTIC ULCER through the wall of DUODENUM or STOMACH allowing the leakage of luminal contents into the PERITONEAL CAVITY. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Bezoars Concretions of swallowed hair, fruit or vegetable fibers, or similar substances found in the alimentary canal. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Aortitis Inflammation of the wall of the AORTA. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Alcoholic Cirrhosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.76 | 2 | 1 |
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING. | 0 | 3.76 | 2 | 1 |
Anoxia, Fetal [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Fetal Hypoxia Deficient oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Pre-Eclampsia A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Pachymeningitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Meningitis Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6) | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
Duodenal Reflux [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Neoplasms, Pleural [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Mesothelioma A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Leiomyosarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Leiomyosarcoma A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865) | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 3.34 | 7 | 0 |
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Alactasia [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Lactose Intolerance The condition resulting from the absence or deficiency of LACTASE in the MUCOSA cells of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, and the inability to break down LACTOSE in milk for ABSORPTION. Bacterial fermentation of the unabsorbed lactose leads to symptoms that range from a mild indigestion (DYSPEPSIA) to severe DIARRHEA. Lactose intolerance may be an inborn error or acquired. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Plasma Cell Tumor [description not available] | 0 | 3.34 | 7 | 0 |
Plasmacytoma Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites. | 0 | 3.34 | 7 | 0 |
Ankle Injuries Harm or hurt to the ankle or ankle joint usually inflicted by an external source. | 0 | 4.3 | 2 | 2 |
Lens Dislocation [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Cranial Nerve II Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Optic Nerve Diseases Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Retinal Degeneration A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304) | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Uveitis, Anterior Inflammation of the anterior uvea comprising the iris, angle structures, and the ciliary body. Manifestations of this disorder include ciliary injection, exudation into the anterior chamber, iris changes, and adhesions between the iris and lens (posterior synechiae). Intraocular pressure may be increased or reduced. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Agranulocytosis A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS). | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Neutropenia A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Teeth, Impacted [description not available] | 0 | 3.75 | 2 | 1 |
Pericoronitis Inflammation of the gingiva surrounding the crown of a tooth. | 0 | 4.68 | 2 | 1 |
Lock Jaw [description not available] | 0 | 3.75 | 2 | 1 |
Muscular Dystrophy [description not available] | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
Muscular Dystrophies A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS. | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
Pemphigoid [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Bullous Dermatoses [description not available] | 0 | 3.76 | 2 | 1 |
Pemphigoid, Bullous A chronic and relatively benign subepidermal blistering disease usually of the elderly and without histopathologic acantholysis. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Nephritis Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Granuloma, Hodgkin [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
Hodgkin Disease A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen. | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
Addison's Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Addison Disease An adrenal disease characterized by the progressive destruction of the ADRENAL CORTEX, resulting in insufficient production of ALDOSTERONE and HYDROCORTISONE. Clinical symptoms include ANOREXIA; NAUSEA; WEIGHT LOSS; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; and HYPERPIGMENTATION of the SKIN due to increase in circulating levels of ACTH precursor hormone which stimulates MELANOCYTES. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Bronchospasm, Exercise-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Asthma, Exercise-Induced Asthma attacks following a period of exercise. Usually the induced attack is short-lived and regresses spontaneously. The magnitude of postexertional airway obstruction is strongly influenced by the environment in which exercise is performed (i.e. inhalation of cold air during physical exertion markedly augments the severity of the airway obstruction; conversely, warm humid air blunts or abolishes it). | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Ovine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Trichostrongylosis Infestation with nematode worms of the genus TRICHOSTRONGYLUS. Man and animals become infected by swallowing larvae, usually with contaminated food or drink, although the larvae may penetrate human skin. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Trichostrongyloidiasis Infection by roundworms of the superfamily TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA, including the genera TRICHOSTRONGYLUS; OSTERTAGIA; Cooperia, HAEMONCHUS; Nematodirus, Hyostrongylus, and DICTYOCAULUS. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Anemia With Multinucleated Erythroblasts [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Anemia, Hemolytic, Hereditary [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital Hemolytic anemia due to various intrinsic defects of the erythrocyte. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Dehiscence, Surgical Wound [description not available] | 0 | 3.97 | 5 | 0 |
Infections, Nematode [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Ascaridiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus ASCARIDIA. This condition usually occurs in fowl, often manifesting diarrhea. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Hypocalcemia Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Hand Injuries General or unspecified injuries to the hand. | 0 | 3.74 | 2 | 1 |
Leukemia P388 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Deficiency, Pyridoxine [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Polyps Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the DIGESTIVE TRACT or the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Polyps can be spheroidal, hemispheroidal, or irregular mound-shaped structures attached to the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the lumen wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Angiogranuloma [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Barrett Epithelium [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Barrett Esophagus A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Retinoblastoma A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104) | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Impaired Glucose Tolerance [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Glucose Intolerance A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Shingles [description not available] | 0 | 3.79 | 2 | 1 |
Nerve Pain [description not available] | 0 | 3.37 | 1 | 1 |
Herpes Zoster An acute infectious, usually self-limited, disease believed to represent activation of latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN) in those who have been rendered partially immune after a previous attack of CHICKENPOX. It involves the SENSORY GANGLIA and their areas of innervation and is characterized by severe neuralgic pain along the distribution of the affected nerve and crops of clustered vesicles over the area. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 3.79 | 2 | 1 |
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve. | 0 | 3.37 | 1 | 1 |
Rotavirus Infections Infection with any of the rotaviruses. Specific infections include human infantile diarrhea, neonatal calf diarrhea, and epidemic diarrhea of infant mice. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Bilirubin Encephalopathy [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Kernicterus A term used pathologically to describe BILIRUBIN staining of the BASAL GANGLIA; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM and clinically to describe a syndrome associated with HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Clinical features include athetosis, MUSCLE SPASTICITY or hypotonia, impaired vertical gaze, and DEAFNESS. Nonconjugated bilirubin enters the brain and acts as a neurotoxin, often in association with conditions that impair the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER (e.g., SEPSIS). This condition occurs primarily in neonates (INFANT, NEWBORN), but may rarely occur in adults. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p613) | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Eczema, Atopic [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema. | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 3.78 | 2 | 1 |
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment. | 0 | 3.78 | 2 | 1 |
Cancer of Testis [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
Choriocarcinoma A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL). | 0 | 3.31 | 2 | 0 |
Testicular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
Acetonemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Acidosis, Diabetic [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Diabetic Ketoacidosis A life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS with severe INSULIN deficiency and extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA. It is characterized by KETOSIS; DEHYDRATION; and depressed consciousness leading to COMA. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
Hakim Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Acute Onset Vascular Dementia [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Dementia Multi-Infarct [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure A form of compensated hydrocephalus characterized clinically by a slowly progressive gait disorder (see GAIT DISORDERS, NEUROLOGIC), progressive intellectual decline, and URINARY INCONTINENCE. Spinal fluid pressure tends to be in the high normal range. This condition may result from processes which interfere with the absorption of CSF including SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, chronic MENINGITIS, and other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp631-3) | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Dementia, Vascular An imprecise term referring to dementia associated with CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS, including CEREBRAL INFARCTION (single or multiple), and conditions associated with chronic BRAIN ISCHEMIA. Diffuse, cortical, and subcortical subtypes have been described. (From Gerontol Geriatr 1998 Feb;31(1):36-44) | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Nervous System Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 3.97 | 5 | 0 |
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle. | 0 | 3.97 | 5 | 0 |
Acute-Phase Reaction An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma. | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
Avian Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
Antibiotic-Associated Colitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Cholesteatoma A non-neoplastic mass of keratin-producing squamous EPITHELIUM, frequently occurring in the MENINGES; bones of the skull, and most commonly in the MIDDLE EAR and MASTOID region. Cholesteatoma can be congenital or acquired. Cholesteatoma is not a tumor nor is it associated with high CHOLESTEROL. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
Dermatitis, Irritant A non-allergic contact dermatitis caused by prolonged exposure to irritants and not explained by delayed hypersensitivity mechanisms. | 0 | 4.28 | 1 | 1 |
Giardia duodenalis Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Giardiasis An infection of the SMALL INTESTINE caused by the flagellated protozoan GIARDIA. It is spread via contaminated food and water and by direct person-to-person contact. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Myositis Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Infant, Small for Gestational Age An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age. | 0 | 4.06 | 3 | 1 |
Hepatoblastoma A malignant neoplasm occurring in young children, primarily in the liver, composed of tissue resembling embryonal or fetal hepatic epithelium, or mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Nephrotic Syndrome A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction. | 0 | 4.95 | 3 | 1 |
Aneuploid [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild. | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
Aggressive Periodontitis Inflammation and loss of PERIODONTIUM that is characterized by rapid attachment loss and bone destruction in the presence of little local factors such as DENTAL PLAQUE and DENTAL CALCULUS. This highly destructive form of periodontitis often occurs in young people and was called early-onset periodontitis, but this disease also appears in old people. | 0 | 3.32 | 2 | 0 |
Esophagitis, Reflux [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Esophageal Reflux [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Esophagitis, Peptic INFLAMMATION of the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by the reflux of GASTRIC JUICE with contents of the STOMACH and DUODENUM. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Gastroesophageal Reflux Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Digestive System Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Cancer of Digestive System [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Digestive System Diseases Diseases in any part of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the accessory organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS). | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Digestive System Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Anemia, Cooley's [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
beta-Thalassemia A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin. There is retardation of hemoglobin A synthesis in the heterozygous form (thalassemia minor), which is asymptomatic, while in the homozygous form (thalassemia major, Cooley's anemia, Mediterranean anemia, erythroblastic anemia), which can result in severe complications and even death, hemoglobin A synthesis is absent. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
Basedow Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Graves Disease A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy). | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Abscess, Periodontal [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Chondrodystrophic Myotonia [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Hemorrhagic Diathesis [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Deficiency of GP 2b 3a Complex [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
Hemorrhagic Disorders Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS). | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
Pasteurellosis, Pneumonic Bovine respiratory disease found in animals that have been shipped or exposed to CATTLE recently transported. The major agent responsible for the disease is MANNHEIMIA HAEMOLYTICA and less commonly, PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA or HAEMOPHILUS SOMNUS. All three agents are normal inhabitants of the bovine nasal pharyngeal mucosa but not the LUNG. They are considered opportunistic pathogens following STRESS, PHYSIOLOGICAL and/or a viral infection. The resulting bacterial fibrinous BRONCHOPNEUMONIA is often fatal. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Bleb [description not available] | 0 | 4.05 | 3 | 1 |
Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms. | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
Adult Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses A group of severe neurodegenerative diseases characterized by intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent wax-like lipid materials (CEROID; LIPOFUSCIN) in neurons. There are several subtypes based on mutations of the various genes, time of disease onset, and severity of the neurological defects such as progressive DEMENTIA; SEIZURES; and visual failure. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Orthomyxoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS). | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Neoplasms, Trophoblastic [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
Constricted Pupil [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Miosis Pupillary constriction. This may result from congenital absence of the dilatator pupillary muscle, defective sympathetic innervation, or irritation of the CONJUNCTIVA or CORNEA. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Parasitemia The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Keratosis, Oral [description not available] | 0 | 3.77 | 2 | 1 |
Leukoplakia, Oral A white patch seen on the oral mucosa. It is considered a premalignant condition and is often tobacco-induced. When evidence of Epstein-Barr virus is present, the condition is called hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY). | 0 | 3.77 | 2 | 1 |
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
Prostatic Diseases Pathological processes involving the PROSTATE or its component tissues. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Prostatitis Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the parenchyma of PROSTATE. The subtypes are classified by their varied laboratory analysis, clinical presentation and response to treatment. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
Corpus Luteum Cyst [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Ovarian Cysts General term for CYSTS and cystic diseases of the OVARY. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Hives [description not available] | 0 | 4.44 | 5 | 1 |
Urticaria A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress. | 0 | 4.44 | 5 | 1 |
Cancer of Endocrine Gland [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Endocrine Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Cancer of Mediastinum [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Dysembryoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Mediastinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MEDIASTINUM. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Teratoma A true neoplasm composed of a number of different types of tissue, none of which is native to the area in which it occurs. It is composed of tissues that are derived from three germinal layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. They are classified histologically as mature (benign) or immature (malignant). (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1642) | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Hyperoxia An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Interstitial Nephritis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Nephritis, Interstitial Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Polyuria Urination of a large volume of urine with an increase in urinary frequency, commonly seen in diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS). | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Lymphoma, B-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Erythroblastosis Fetalis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Spherocytosis, Hereditary A group of familial congenital hemolytic anemias characterized by numerous abnormally shaped erythrocytes which are generally spheroidal. The erythrocytes have increased osmotic fragility and are abnormally permeable to sodium ions. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Thymic [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Thymoma A neoplasm originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated. Although it is occasionally invasive, metastases are extremely rare. It consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. Malignant lymphomas that involve the thymus, e.g., lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease (previously termed granulomatous thymoma), should not be regarded as thymoma. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Agnogenic Myeloid Metaplasia [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Primary Myelofibrosis A de novo myeloproliferation arising from an abnormal stem cell. It is characterized by the replacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue, a process that is mediated by CYTOKINES arising from the abnormal clone. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Dysphagia [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
Deglutition Disorders Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS. | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Infections, Helicobacter [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Infantile Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture Spontaneous tearing of the membranes surrounding the FETUS any time before the onset of OBSTETRIC LABOR. Preterm PROM is membrane rupture before 37 weeks of GESTATION. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Hyaline Membrane Disease A respiratory distress syndrome in newborn infants, usually premature infants with insufficient PULMONARY SURFACTANTS. The disease is characterized by the formation of a HYALINE-like membrane lining the terminal respiratory airspaces (PULMONARY ALVEOLI) and subsequent collapse of the lung (PULMONARY ATELECTASIS). | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn A condition of the newborn marked by DYSPNEA with CYANOSIS, heralded by such prodromal signs as dilatation of the alae nasi, expiratory grunt, and retraction of the suprasternal notch or costal margins, mostly frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers, and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no apparent predisposing cause. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Algodystrophic Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy A syndrome characterized by severe burning pain in an extremity accompanied by sudomotor, vasomotor, and trophic changes in bone without an associated specific nerve injury. This condition is most often precipitated by trauma to soft tissue or nerve complexes. The skin over the affected region is usually erythematous and demonstrates hypersensitivity to tactile stimuli and erythema. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1360; Pain 1995 Oct;63(1):127-33) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Rodent Diseases Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs). | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available] | 0 | 3.28 | 2 | 0 |
Fat Necrosis A condition in which the death of adipose tissue results in neutral fats being split into fatty acids and glycerol. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Kwashiorkor A syndrome produced by severe protein deficiency, characterized by retarded growth, changes in skin and hair pigment, edema, and pathologic changes in the liver, including fatty infiltration, necrosis, and fibrosis. The word is a local name in Gold Coast, Africa, meaning displaced child. Although first reported from Africa, kwashiorkor is now known throughout the world, but mainly in the tropics and subtropics. It is considered to be related to marasmus. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Viral Hepatitis, Human [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 1 | 0 |
Histomoniasis [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 1 | 0 |
Hepatitis, Viral, Human INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D). | 0 | 2.87 | 1 | 0 |
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
Gonorrhea Acute infectious disease characterized by primary invasion of the urogenital tract. The etiologic agent, NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE, was isolated by Neisser in 1879. | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
Hemorrhagic Proctocolitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Proctocolitis Inflammation of the RECTUM and the distal portion of the COLON. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Anemia, Hypochromic Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the erythrocyte, i.e., the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is less than normal. The individual cells contain less hemoglobin than they could have under optimal conditions. Hypochromic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections or other diseases, therapeutic drugs, lead poisoning, and other conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Miale, Laboratory Medicine: Hematology, 6th ed, p393) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
EHS Tumor [description not available] | 0 | 4.72 | 7 | 0 |
Measles, German [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Cancer of Pituitary [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Abortion, Tubal [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Abortion, Spontaneous Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Angiohemophilia [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
von Willebrand Diseases Group of hemorrhagic disorders in which the VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR is either quantitatively or qualitatively abnormal. They are usually inherited as an autosomal dominant trait though rare kindreds are autosomal recessive. Symptoms vary depending on severity and disease type but may include prolonged bleeding time, deficiency of factor VIII, and impaired platelet adhesion. | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
Classical Swine Fever An acute, highly contagious disease affecting swine of all ages and caused by the CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER VIRUS. It has a sudden onset with high morbidity and mortality. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Deficiency, Vitamin B 12 [description not available] | 0 | 3.34 | 1 | 1 |
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. A wide variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities is also seen in vitamin B 12 deficiency and appears to be due to an undefined defect involving myelin synthesis. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p848) | 0 | 3.34 | 1 | 1 |
Dermatitis, Radiation-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 3.34 | 1 | 1 |
Radiodermatitis A cutaneous inflammatory reaction occurring as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation. | 0 | 3.34 | 1 | 1 |
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 3.55 | 3 | 0 |
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. | 0 | 3.55 | 3 | 0 |
Proctitis INFLAMMATION of the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the RECTUM, the distal end of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE). | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Classic Galactosemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Galactosemias A group of inherited enzyme deficiencies which feature elevations of GALACTOSE in the blood. This condition may be associated with deficiencies of GALACTOKINASE; UDPGLUCOSE-HEXOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; or UDPGLUCOSE 4-EPIMERASE. The classic form is caused by UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase deficiency, and presents in infancy with FAILURE TO THRIVE; VOMITING; and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. Affected individuals also may develop MENTAL RETARDATION; JAUNDICE; hepatosplenomegaly; ovarian failure (PRIMARY OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY); and cataracts. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp61-3) | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Buphthalmos [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Albinism General term for a number of inherited defects of amino acid metabolism in which there is a deficiency or absence of pigment in the eyes, skin, or hair. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Atopic Hypersensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Optic Atrophy Atrophy of the optic disk which may be congenital or acquired. This condition indicates a deficiency in the number of nerve fibers which arise in the RETINA and converge to form the OPTIC DISK; OPTIC NERVE; OPTIC CHIASM; and optic tracts. GLAUCOMA; ISCHEMIA; inflammation, a chronic elevation of intracranial pressure, toxins, optic nerve compression, and inherited conditions (see OPTIC ATROPHIES, HEREDITARY) are relatively common causes of this condition. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Leukemia L 1210 [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
Hemorrhage, Uterine [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Uterine Hemorrhage Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Menopause The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Aspergillus Infection [description not available] | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
Aspergillosis Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS. | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
Deficiency, Protein [description not available] | 0 | 3.45 | 8 | 0 |
Infections, Mycobacterium [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Mycobacterium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus MYCOBACTERIUM. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
Remission, Spontaneous A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Gallbladder Dyskinesia [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Biliary Dyskinesia A motility disorder characterized by biliary COLIC, absence of GALLSTONES, and an abnormal GALLBLADDER ejection fraction. It is caused by gallbladder dyskinesia and/or SPHINCTER OF ODDI DYSFUNCTION. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 3.2 | 6 | 0 |
Infectious Skin Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Skin Diseases, Infectious Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Cerebral Pseudosclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Hepatolenticular Degeneration A rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of copper in the BRAIN; LIVER; CORNEA; and other organs. It is caused by defects in the ATP7B gene encoding copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 3.6.3.4), also known as the Wilson disease protein. The overload of copper inevitably leads to progressive liver and neurological dysfunction such as LIVER CIRRHOSIS; TREMOR; ATAXIA and intellectual deterioration. Hepatic dysfunction may precede neurologic dysfunction by several years. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Adiadochokinesis [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Cerebellar Dyssynergia [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Cerebellar Ataxia Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES. Characteristic features include a tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target (dysmetria), a tremor that occurs during attempted movements (intention TREMOR), impaired force and rhythm of diadochokinesis (rapidly alternating movements), and GAIT ATAXIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p90) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Bladder Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Autosomal Hemophilia A [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
Blood Coagulation Factor Deficiencies [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Hemophilia A The classic hemophilia resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII. It is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage. | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
Hepatitis B Virus Infection [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Hepatitis B INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Disc, Herniated [description not available] | 0 | 4.3 | 2 | 2 |
Intervertebral Disc Displacement An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the NUCLEUS PULPOSUS has protruded through surrounding ANNULUS FIBROSUS. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region. | 0 | 4.3 | 2 | 2 |
Hemoglobinopathies A group of inherited disorders characterized by structural alterations within the hemoglobin molecule. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Pterygium An abnormal triangular fold of membrane in the interpalpebral fissure, extending from the conjunctiva to the cornea, being immovably united to the cornea at its apex, firmly attached to the sclera throughout its middle portion, and merged with the conjunctiva at its base. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Hematuria Presence of blood in the urine. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Palsy [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Uveal Diseases Diseases of the uvea. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Paralysis A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Phlegmon [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 7 | 0 |
Paronychia An inflammatory reaction involving the folds of the skin surrounding the fingernail. It is characterized by acute or chronic purulent, tender, and painful swellings of the tissues around the nail, caused by an abscess of the nail fold. The pathogenic yeast causing paronychia is most frequently Candida albicans. Saprophytic fungi may also be involved. The causative bacteria are usually Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Streptococcus. (Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, 8th ed, p271) | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
Hand Dermatosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Cellulitis An acute, diffuse, and suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue, particularly the deep subcutaneous tissues, and sometimes muscle, which is most commonly seen as a result of infection of a wound, ulcer, or other skin lesions. | 0 | 3.33 | 7 | 0 |
Hand Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the HANDS. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Acatalasemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Colonic Inertia Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Infant Malnutrition Malnutrition, occurring in infants ages 1 month to 24 months, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Constipation Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Marchiafava-Micheli Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 1 | 0 |
Schistosoma mansoni Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 1 | 0 |
Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal A condition characterized by the recurrence of HEMOGLOBINURIA caused by intravascular HEMOLYSIS. In cases occurring upon cold exposure (paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria), usually after infections, there is a circulating antibody which is also a cold hemolysin. In cases occurring during or after sleep (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria), the clonal hematopoietic stem cells exhibit a global deficiency of cell membrane proteins. | 0 | 2.89 | 1 | 0 |
Schistosomiasis mansoni Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni. It is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean and affects mainly the bowel, spleen, and liver. | 0 | 2.89 | 1 | 0 |
Caries, Dental [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Interstitial Cell Tumor [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Apolipoprotein B-100, Familial Defective [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins). | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Gammapathy, Monoclonal [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Paraproteinemias A group of related diseases characterized by an unbalanced or disproportionate proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing cells, usually from a single clone. These cells frequently secrete a structurally homogeneous immunoglobulin (M-component) and/or an abnormal immunoglobulin. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Edema, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
Thrombopenia [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
Great Pox [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
Syphilis A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete TREPONEMA PALLIDUM. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
Dracunculiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus Dracunculus. One or more worms may be seen at a time, with the legs and feet being the most commonly infected areas. Symptoms include pruritus, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or asthmatic attacks. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Adenoma, alpha-Cell [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Fistula Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Ocular Hypotension Abnormally low intraocular pressure often related to chronic inflammation (uveitis). | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Deficiency Syndrome, Leukocyte-Adhesion [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Phagocyte Bactericidal Dysfunction Disorders in which phagocytic cells cannot kill ingested bacteria; characterized by frequent recurring infection with formulation of granulomas. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Leukocyte-Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome Rare, autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of the beta 2 integrin receptors (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE-ADHESION) comprising the CD11/CD18 family of glycoproteins. The syndrome is characterized by abnormal adhesion-dependent functions, especially defective tissue emigration of neutrophils, leading to recurrent infection. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
AIDS Seroconversion [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Gingival Pocket An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus not accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
Gingivitis Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue. | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell Group of disorders which feature accumulations of active HISTIOCYTES and LYMPHOCYTES, but where the histiocytes are not LANGERHANS CELLS. The group includes HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS; SINUS HISTIOCYTOSIS; xanthogranuloma; reticulohistiocytoma; JUVENILE XANTHOGRANULOMA; xanthoma disseminatum; as well as the lipid storage diseases (SEA-BLUE HISTIOCYTE SYNDROME; and NIEMANN-PICK DISEASES). | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Sclera Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Orchitis Inflammation of a TESTIS. It has many features of EPIDIDYMITIS, such as swollen SCROTUM; PAIN; PYURIA; and FEVER. It is usually related to infections in the URINARY TRACT, which likely spread to the EPIDIDYMIS and then the TESTIS through either the VAS DEFERENS or the lymphatics of the SPERMATIC CORD. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
Male Genital Tuberculosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Biliary Fistula Abnormal passage in any organ of the biliary tract or between biliary organs and other organs. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Cholecystoduodenal Fistula [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Duodenal Diseases Pathological conditions in the DUODENUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL). | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Mesenchymoma A mixed mesenchymal tumor composed of two or more mesodermal cellular elements not commonly associated, not counting fibrous tissue as one of the elements. Mesenchymomas are widely distributed in the body and about 75% are malignant. (Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1866) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Maxillary Diseases Diseases involving the MAXILLA. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Arterial Obstructive Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Arterial Occlusive Diseases Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Brain Inflammation [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Anaplasia Loss of structural differentiation and useful function of neoplastic cells. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available] | 0 | 3.96 | 5 | 0 |
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant. | 0 | 3.96 | 5 | 0 |
Deficiency, Riboflavin [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Contact Dermatitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Milk-Alkali Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 4.03 | 3 | 1 |
Hypercalcemia Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood. | 0 | 4.03 | 3 | 1 |
Hemorrhage, Gingival [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Gingival Hemorrhage The flowing of blood from the marginal gingival area, particularly the sulcus, seen in such conditions as GINGIVITIS, marginal PERIODONTITIS, injury, and ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Rupture, Spontaneous Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Central Retinal Edema, Cystoid [description not available] | 0 | 3.35 | 1 | 1 |
Macular Edema Fluid accumulation in the outer layer of the MACULA LUTEA that results from intraocular or systemic insults. It may develop in a diffuse pattern where the macula appears thickened or it may acquire the characteristic petaloid appearance referred to as cystoid macular edema. Although macular edema may be associated with various underlying conditions, it is most commonly seen following intraocular surgery, venous occlusive disease, DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, and posterior segment inflammatory disease. (From Survey of Ophthalmology 2004; 49(5) 470-90) | 0 | 3.35 | 1 | 1 |
Fasciitis Inflammation of the fascia. There are three major types: 1, Eosinophilic fasciitis, an inflammatory reaction with eosinophilia, producing hard thickened skin with an orange-peel configuration suggestive of scleroderma and considered by some a variant of scleroderma; 2, Necrotizing fasciitis (FASCIITIS, NECROTIZING), a serious fulminating infection (usually by a beta hemolytic streptococcus) causing extensive necrosis of superficial fascia; 3, Nodular/Pseudosarcomatous /Proliferative fasciitis, characterized by a rapid growth of fibroblasts with mononuclear inflammatory cells and proliferating capillaries in soft tissue, often the forearm; it is not malignant but is sometimes mistaken for fibrosarcoma. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Conjunctival Diseases Diseases involving the CONJUNCTIVA. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Cutis Elastica [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome A heterogeneous group of autosomally inherited COLLAGEN DISEASES caused by defects in the synthesis or structure of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. There are numerous subtypes: classical, hypermobility, vascular, and others. Common clinical features include hyperextensible skin and joints, skin fragility and reduced wound healing capability. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Fibroma, Shope [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Adenolymphoma A benign tumor characterized histologically by tall columnar epithelium within a lymphoid tissue stroma. It is usually found in the salivary glands, especially the parotid. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Adenoma, Pleomorphic A benign, slow-growing tumor, most commonly of the salivary gland, occurring as a small, painless, firm nodule, usually of the parotid gland, but also found in any major or accessory salivary gland anywhere in the oral cavity. It is most often seen in women in the fifth decade. Histologically, the tumor presents a variety of cells: cuboidal, columnar, and squamous cells, showing all forms of epithelial growth. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Cancer of Parotid [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Parotid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PAROTID GLAND. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine A condition of chronic gastroenteritis in adult pigs and fatal gastroenteritis in piglets caused by a CORONAVIRUS. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Muscle Tissue Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Abdominal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the ABDOMEN. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Bone Cysts Benign unilocular lytic areas in the proximal end of a long bone with well defined and narrow endosteal margins. The cysts contain fluid and the cyst walls may contain some giant cells. Bone cysts usually occur in males between the ages 3-15 years. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Afibrinogenemia, Congenital [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Afibrinogenemia A deficiency or absence of FIBRINOGEN in the blood. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Mast-Cell Sarcoma A unifocal malignant tumor that consists of atypical pathological MAST CELLS without systemic involvement. It causes local destructive growth in organs other than in skin or bone marrow. | 0 | 3.79 | 4 | 0 |
Urethritis Inflammation involving the URETHRA. Similar to CYSTITIS, clinical symptoms range from vague discomfort to painful urination (DYSURIA), urethral discharge, or both. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Oral Submucous Fibrosis Irreversible FIBROSIS of the submucosal tissue of the MOUTH. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Deficiency, Protein C [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Human Trichinellosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Trichinellosis An infection with TRICHINELLA. It is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat that is infected with larvae of nematode worms TRICHINELLA genus. All members of the TRICHINELLA genus can infect human in addition to TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS, the traditional etiological agent. It is distributed throughout much of the world and is re-emerging in some parts as a public health hazard and a food safety problem. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Hypertension, Renal Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Acid beta-Glucosidase Deficiency [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Gaucher Disease An autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of acid beta-glucosidase (GLUCOSYLCERAMIDASE) leading to intralysosomal accumulation of glycosylceramide mainly in cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. The characteristic Gaucher cells, glycosphingolipid-filled HISTIOCYTES, displace normal cells in BONE MARROW and visceral organs causing skeletal deterioration, hepatosplenomegaly, and organ dysfunction. There are several subtypes based on the presence and severity of neurological involvement. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Cancer of Intestines [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Intestinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Chondrosarcoma A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
Pancreatic Pseudocyst Cyst-like space not lined by EPITHELIUM and contained within the PANCREAS. Pancreatic pseudocysts account for most of the cystic collections in the pancreas and are often associated with chronic PANCREATITIS. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Bernard-Soulier Syndrome A familial coagulation disorder characterized by a prolonged bleeding time, unusually large platelets, and impaired prothrombin consumption. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Leukocytopenia [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Leukopenia A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000). | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Benign Intracranial Hypertension [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Pseudotumor Cerebri A condition marked by raised intracranial pressure and characterized clinically by HEADACHES; NAUSEA; PAPILLEDEMA, peripheral constriction of the visual fields, transient visual obscurations, and pulsatile TINNITUS. OBESITY is frequently associated with this condition, which primarily affects women between 20 and 44 years of age. Chronic PAPILLEDEMA may lead to optic nerve injury (see OPTIC NERVE DISEASES) and visual loss (see BLINDNESS). | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Gingival Hyperplasia Non-inflammatory enlargement of the gingivae produced by factors other than local irritation. It is characteristically due to an increase in the number of cells. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p400) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Dental Tissue Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Alcoholic Hepatitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Chronic Hepatitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Hepatitis, Alcoholic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. It is characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES, infiltration by NEUTROPHILS, and deposit of MALLORY BODIES. Depending on its severity, the inflammatory lesion may be reversible or progress to LIVER CIRRHOSIS. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Hepatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Endometrioma An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Endometriosis A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
Aseptic Necrosis of Femur Head [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Graft-Versus-Host Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Graft vs Host Disease The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Hypolipoproteinemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Entrapment Neuropathies [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Spinal Diseases Diseases involving the SPINE. | 0 | 3.74 | 2 | 1 |
Meniscitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
Segond Fracture [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Tibial Fractures Fractures of the TIBIA. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Biliary Cirrhosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Anemia, Splenic [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Itching [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Grippe [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Cerebromeningitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Influenza, Human An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Leukocytosis A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Exophthalmos Abnormal protrusion of both eyes; may be caused by endocrine gland malfunction, malignancy, injury, or paralysis of the extrinsic muscles of the eye. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Eosinophilia, Tropical [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Eosinophilia Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Infantile Diarrhea [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Diarrhea, Infantile DIARRHEA occurring in infants from newborn to 24-months old. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright. | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Flaccid Quadriplegia [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
Nephrosis Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Trypanosomiasis Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Besnier-Boeck Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Sarcoidosis An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Malaria, Avian Any of a group of infections of fowl caused by protozoa of the genera PLASMODIUM, Leucocytozoon, and Haemoproteus. The life cycles of these parasites and the disease produced bears strong resemblance to those observed in human malaria. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Back Ache [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 1 | 1 |
Back Pain Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions. | 0 | 3.33 | 1 | 1 |
Colonic Diseases, Functional Chronic or recurrent colonic disorders without an identifiable structural or biochemical explanation. The widely recognized IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME falls into this category. | 0 | 4.29 | 2 | 2 |
Arrhythmia [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Auricular Fibrillation [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Atrial Fibrillation Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Adverse Drug Event [description not available] | 0 | 4.02 | 3 | 0 |
Amaurosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available] | 0 | 3.26 | 2 | 0 |
Anterior Optic Neuritis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Argyria A permanent ashen-gray discoloration of the skin, conjunctiva, and internal organs resulting from long-continued use of silver salts. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Blindness The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Optic Neuritis Inflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior optic neuritis). | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals. | 0 | 4.02 | 3 | 0 |
Distorted Hearing [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Neuralgia, Sciatic [description not available] | 0 | 3.73 | 2 | 1 |
Sciatica A condition characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttock and posterior/lateral aspects of the leg. Sciatica may be a manifestation of SCIATIC NEUROPATHY; RADICULOPATHY (involving the SPINAL NERVE ROOTS; L4, L5, S1, or S2, often associated with INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT); or lesions of the CAUDA EQUINA. | 0 | 3.73 | 2 | 1 |
Hemothorax Hemorrhage within the pleural cavity. | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
Blood Protein Disorders Hematologic diseases caused by structural or functional defects of BLOOD PROTEINS. | 0 | 3.27 | 2 | 0 |
Hepatitis, Infectious [description not available] | 0 | 3.27 | 2 | 0 |
Hypersensitivity, Type III [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
Hepatitis A INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water. | 0 | 3.27 | 2 | 0 |
Amyotrophy, Thenar, Of Carpal Origin [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Facial Palsy [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Entrapment of the MEDIAN NERVE in the carpal tunnel, which is formed by the flexor retinaculum and the CARPAL BONES. This syndrome may be associated with repetitive occupational trauma (CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS); wrist injuries; AMYLOID NEUROPATHIES; rheumatoid arthritis (see ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID); ACROMEGALY; PREGNANCY; and other conditions. Symptoms include burning pain and paresthesias involving the ventral surface of the hand and fingers which may radiate proximally. Impairment of sensation in the distribution of the median nerve and thenar muscle atrophy may occur. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p45) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Bird Pox [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Avian Sarcoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Krebs 2 A transplantable neoplasm of mice. | 0 | 3.55 | 3 | 0 |
Leukemia, Radiation-Induced Leukemia produced by exposure to IONIZING RADIATION or NON-IONIZING RADIATION. | 0 | 2.86 | 1 | 0 |
Carcinoma, Brown-Pearce A transplantable EPITHELIAL CELL neoplasm of rabbits. | 0 | 3.73 | 2 | 0 |
Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral A group of viral diseases of diverse etiology but having many similar clinical characteristics; increased capillary permeability, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia are common to all. Hemorrhagic fevers are characterized by sudden onset, fever, headache, generalized myalgia, backache, conjunctivitis, and severe prostration, followed by various hemorrhagic symptoms. Hemorrhagic fever with kidney involvement is HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Bronze Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Hemochromatosis A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Foot Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving the foot. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Hay Fever [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal Allergic rhinitis that occurs at the same time every year. It is characterized by acute CONJUNCTIVITIS with lacrimation and ITCHING, and regarded as an allergic condition triggered by specific ALLERGENS. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Insect Bites [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Insect Bites and Stings Bites and stings inflicted by insects. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Deficiency, Magnesium [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Magnesium Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Athletic Injuries Injuries incurred during participation in competitive or non-competitive sports. | 0 | 4.58 | 3 | 2 |
Hypospadias A birth defect due to malformation of the URETHRA in which the urethral opening is below its normal location. In the male, the malformed urethra generally opens on the ventral surface of the PENIS or on the PERINEUM. In the female, the malformed urethral opening is in the VAGINA. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Cystic Kidney Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Kidney Diseases, Cystic A heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired disorders in which the KIDNEY contains one or more CYSTS unilaterally or bilaterally (KIDNEY, CYSTIC). | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Leukoedema, Oral A disorder of the buccal mucosa resembling early leukoplakia, characterized by the presence of filmy opalescence of the mucosa in the early stages to a whitish gray cast with a coarsely wrinkled surface in the later stages, associated with intracellular edema of the spinous or malpighian layer. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Dental Focal Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Jaw Diseases Diseases involving the JAW. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Costen's Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Intestinal Polyps Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the INTESTINE. A polyp is attached to the intestinal wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base. | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Scoliosis An appreciable lateral deviation in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Cadmium Poisoning Poisoning occurring after exposure to cadmium compounds or fumes. It may cause gastrointestinal syndromes, anemia, or pneumonitis. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Pemphigus Foliaceus [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Pemphigus Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Glandular Fever [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Infectious Mononucleosis A common, acute infection usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN). There is an increase in mononuclear white blood cells and other atypical lymphocytes, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and occasionally hepatomegaly with hepatitis. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Coloboma Congenital anomaly in which some of the structures of the eye are absent due to incomplete fusion of the fetal intraocular fissure during gestation. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Eye Abnormalities Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the eye; may also be hereditary. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Nearsightedness [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Myopia A refractive error in which rays of light entering the EYE parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the RETINA when accommodation (ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR) is relaxed. This results from an overly curved CORNEA or from the eyeball being too long from front to back. It is also called nearsightedness. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Boils [description not available] | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Dermatophytoses [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Tinea Fungal infection of keratinized tissues such as hair, skin and nails. The main causative fungi include MICROSPORUM; TRICHOPHYTON; and EPIDERMOPHYTON. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Adult Premature Aging Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Skin Ulcer An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues. | 0 | 3.27 | 2 | 0 |
Choline Deficiency A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984) | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Lipomatosis A disorder characterized by the accumulation of encapsulated or unencapsulated tumor-like fatty tissue resembling LIPOMA. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Endometrial Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Uterine Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the UTERUS. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Nerve Root Avulsion [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Radiculopathy Disease involving a spinal nerve root (see SPINAL NERVE ROOTS) which may result from compression related to INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; SPINAL DISEASES; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include radicular pain, weakness, and sensory loss referable to structures innervated by the involved nerve root. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Gastric Fistula Abnormal passage communicating with the STOMACH. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Salpingitis Inflammation of the uterine salpinx, the trumpet-shaped FALLOPIAN TUBES, usually caused by ascending infections of organisms from the lower reproductive tract. Salpingitis can lead to tubal scarring, hydrosalpinx, tubal occlusion, INFERTILITY, and ectopic pregnancy (PREGNANCY, ECTOPIC) | 0 | 2.64 | 3 | 0 |
Behavior Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Abortion, Veterinary Premature expulsion of the FETUS in animals. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Clerambault Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Cerebral Arteriosclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Intracranial Arteriosclerosis Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKULL. There are three subtypes: (1) atherosclerosis with fatty deposits in the ARTERIAL INTIMA; (2) Monckeberg's sclerosis with calcium deposits in the media and (3) arteriolosclerosis involving the small caliber arteries. Clinical signs include HEADACHE; CONFUSION; transient blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX); speech impairment; and HEMIPARESIS. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
Absence Seizure [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Inferior Dislocation [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Hemarthrosis Bleeding into the joints. It may arise from trauma or spontaneously in patients with hemophilia. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Ametropia [description not available] | 0 | 2.85 | 1 | 0 |
Refractive Errors Deviations from the average or standard indices of refraction of the eye through its dioptric or refractive apparatus. | 0 | 2.85 | 1 | 0 |
Hemorrhage, Oral [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 1 | 1 |
Eye Burns Injury to any part of the eye by extreme heat, chemical agents, or ultraviolet radiation. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Iritis Inflammation of the iris characterized by circumcorneal injection, aqueous flare, keratotic precipitates, and constricted and sluggish pupil along with discoloration of the iris. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Keratoconus A noninflammatory, usually bilateral protrusion of the cornea, the apex being displaced downward and nasally. It occurs most commonly in females at about puberty. The cause is unknown but hereditary factors may play a role. The -conus refers to the cone shape of the corneal protrusion. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Injuries, Tendon [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 1 | 1 |
Endarteritis Inflammation of the inner endothelial lining (TUNICA INTIMA) of an artery. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Airway Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs. | 0 | 3.73 | 2 | 1 |
Astigmatism Unequal curvature of the refractive surfaces of the eye. Thus a point source of light cannot be brought to a point focus on the retina but is spread over a more or less diffuse area. This results from the radius of curvature in one plane being longer or shorter than the radius at right angles to it. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Foreign-Body Reaction Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Urinary Calculi Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID. | 0 | 6.94 | 1 | 0 |
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Peritoneal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Cancer of Eye [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Ectopic Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Pregnancy, Ectopic A potentially life-threatening condition in which EMBRYO IMPLANTATION occurs outside the cavity of the UTERUS. Most ectopic pregnancies ( | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Complications, Hematologic Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Pregnancy, Tubal The most common ( | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Adnexal Diseases Diseases of the uterine appendages (ADNEXA UTERI) including diseases involving the OVARY, the FALLOPIAN TUBES, and ligaments of the uterus (BROAD LIGAMENT; ROUND LIGAMENT). | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Polyploid [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Bagassosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhaled dust from processing SUGARCANE (bagasse), usually in the manufacturing of wallboard. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Pneumoconiosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhalation of dust and by tissue reaction to their presence. These inorganic, organic, particulate, or vaporized matters usually are inhaled by workers in their occupational environment, leading to the various forms (ASBESTOSIS; BYSSINOSIS; and others). Similar air pollution can also have deleterious effects on the general population. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Oophoritis Inflammation of the OVARY, generally caused by an ascending infection of organisms from the endocervix. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Diseases of Nasopharynx [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Menstruation, Painful [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Dysmenorrhea Painful menstruation. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Rupture Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Autolysis, Dental Pulp [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Lathyrism A paralytic condition of the legs caused by ingestion of lathyrogens, especially BETA-AMINOPROPIONITRILE or beta-N-oxalyl amino-L-alanine, which are found in the seeds of plants of the genus LATHYRUS. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Abscess, Periapical [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
Tooth Diseases Diseases involving the TEETH. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Dental Pulp Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Dental Pulp Diseases Endodontic diseases of the DENTAL PULP inside the tooth, which is distinguished from PERIAPICAL DISEASES of the tissue surrounding the root. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Cervicitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Uterine Cervicitis Inflammation of the UTERINE CERVIX. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Christmas Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Hemophilia B A deficiency of blood coagulation factor IX inherited as an X-linked disorder. (Also known as Christmas Disease, after the first patient studied in detail, not the holy day.) Historical and clinical features resemble those in classic hemophilia (HEMOPHILIA A), but patients present with fewer symptoms. Severity of bleeding is usually similar in members of a single family. Many patients are asymptomatic until the hemostatic system is stressed by surgery or trauma. Treatment is similar to that for hemophilia A. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1008) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Infections, Nematomorpha [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Helminthiasis Infestation with parasitic worms of the helminth class. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Toxoplasmosis, Animal Acquired infection of non-human animals by organisms of the genus TOXOPLASMA. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Ankylosing Spondylarthritis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Spondylitis, Ankylosing A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other intervertebral or costovertebral joints. It occurs predominantly in young males and is characterized by pain and stiffness of joints (ANKYLOSIS) with inflammation at tendon insertions. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Hemoperitoneum Accumulations of blood in the PERITONEAL CAVITY due to internal HEMORRHAGE. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Splenic Diseases Diseases involving the SPLEEN. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Splenic Rupture Rupture of the SPLEEN due to trauma or disease. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Pleurisy, Tuberculous [description not available] | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Inner Ear Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Labyrinth Diseases Pathological processes of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) which contains the essential apparatus of hearing (COCHLEA) and balance (SEMICIRCULAR CANALS). | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Abnormalities, Jaw [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Tuberculosis, Renal Infection of the KIDNEY with species of MYCOBACTERIUM. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Tuberculosis, Female Genital MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE). | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Carbuncle An infection of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue that consists of a cluster of boils. Commonly, the causative agent is STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS. Carbuncles produce fever, leukocytosis, extreme pain, and prostration. | 0 | 2.35 | 2 | 0 |
Infection, Puerperal [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Abortion, Septic Any type of abortion, induced or spontaneous, that is associated with infection of the UTERUS and its appendages. It is characterized by FEVER, uterine tenderness, and foul discharge. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Aphthae [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Stomatitis, Aphthous A recurrent disease of the oral mucosa of unknown etiology. It is characterized by small white ulcerative lesions, single or multiple, round or oval. Two to eight crops of lesions occur per year, lasting for 7 to 14 days and then heal without scarring. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p742) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Glycosuria The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA). | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Keloid A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar resulting from formation of excessive amounts of collagen in the dermis during connective tissue repair. It is differentiated from a hypertrophic scar (CICATRIX, HYPERTROPHIC) in that the former does not spread to surrounding tissues. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Scrotal Hydrocele [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
Goiter Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC). | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Egyptian Ophthalmia [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Eyelid Diseases Diseases involving the EYELIDS. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Reticulum Cell-Like Sarcoma, Yoshida [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Histoplasma capsulatum Infection [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Histoplasmosis Infection resulting from exposure to the fungus HISTOPLASMA. It is worldwide in distribution and particularly common in the central and eastern states, especially areas around the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Hydrophobia [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Thalassemias [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Thalassemia A group of hereditary hemolytic anemias in which there is decreased synthesis of one or more hemoglobin polypeptide chains. There are several genetic types with clinical pictures ranging from barely detectable hematologic abnormality to severe and fatal anemia. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Foreign Bodies Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Impotence [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Erectile Dysfunction The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Hydatid Mole [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Hydatidiform Mole Trophoblastic hyperplasia associated with normal gestation, or molar pregnancy. It is characterized by the swelling of the CHORIONIC VILLI and elevated human CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. Hydatidiform moles or molar pregnancy may be categorized as complete or partial based on their gross morphology, histopathology, and karyotype. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic Infections of the INTESTINES with PARASITES, commonly involving PARASITIC WORMS. Infections with roundworms (NEMATODE INFECTIONS) and tapeworms (CESTODE INFECTIONS) are also known as HELMINTHIASIS. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Rachitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Hyperinsulinism A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Hematocele Hemorrhage into a canal or cavity of the body, such as the space covered by the serous membrane (tunica vaginalis) around the TESTIS leading to testicular hematocele or scrotal hematocele. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Endomyocardial Fibrosis A condition characterized by the thickening of the ventricular ENDOCARDIUM and subendocardium (MYOCARDIUM), seen mostly in children and young adults in the TROPICAL CLIMATE. The fibrous tissue extends from the apex toward and often involves the HEART VALVES causing restrictive blood flow into the respective ventricles (CARDIOMYOPATHY, RESTRICTIVE). | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Sunburn An injury to the skin causing erythema, tenderness, and sometimes blistering and resulting from excessive exposure to the sun. The reaction is produced by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Adenohypophyseal Hyposecretion [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Hypopituitarism Diminution or cessation of secretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland (including LH; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; SOMATOTROPIN; and CORTICOTROPIN). This may result from surgical or radiation ablation, non-secretory PITUITARY NEOPLASMS, metastatic tumors, infarction, PITUITARY APOPLEXY, infiltrative or granulomatous processes, and other conditions. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Developmental Psychomotor Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Nails, Ingrown Excessive lateral nail growth into the nail fold. Because the lateral margin of the nail acts as a foreign body, inflammation and granulation may result. It is caused by improperly fitting shoes and by improper trimming of the nail. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Cerebral Concussion [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Brain Swelling [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Brain Concussion A nonspecific term used to describe transient alterations or loss of consciousness following closed head injuries. The duration of UNCONSCIOUSNESS generally lasts a few seconds, but may persist for several hours. Concussions may be classified as mild, intermediate, and severe. Prolonged periods of unconsciousness (often defined as greater than 6 hours in duration) may be referred to as post-traumatic coma (COMA, POST-HEAD INJURY). (From Rowland, Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p418) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Anorectal Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Anus Diseases Diseases involving the ANUS. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Rectal Diseases Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE). | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Testicular Diseases Pathological processes of the TESTIS. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Acidosis, Respiratory Respiratory retention of carbon dioxide. It may be chronic or acute. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Chest Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Premenstrual Tension A term used to describe the psychological aspects of PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME, such as the indescribable tension, depression, hostility, and increased seizure activity in women with seizure disorder. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Premenstrual Syndrome A combination of distressing physical, psychologic, or behavioral changes that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms of PMS are diverse (such as pain, water-retention, anxiety, cravings, and depression) and they diminish markedly 2 or 3 days after the initiation of menses. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Vaginal Diseases Pathological processes of the VAGINA. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Dysentery, Shiga bacillus [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Dysentery, Bacillary DYSENTERY caused by gram-negative rod-shaped enteric bacteria (ENTEROBACTERIACEAE), most often by the genus SHIGELLA. Shigella dysentery, Shigellosis, is classified into subgroups according to syndrome severity and the infectious species. Group A: SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE (severest); Group B: SHIGELLA FLEXNERI; Group C: SHIGELLA BOYDII; and Group D: SHIGELLA SONNEI (mildest). | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Porphyria [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Porphyrias A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
Mandibular Fractures Fractures of the lower jaw. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |