Page last updated: 2024-12-10

alpha-chymotrypsin

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Occurs in Manufacturing Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID4052643
MeSH IDM0333829

Synonyms (12)

Synonym
chymotrypsin
9004-07-3
n-succinyl-gly-gly-phe-p-nitroanilide, protease substrate
4-[[2-[[2-[[1-(4-nitroanilino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid
AKOS024350585
FT-0641215
chymotrypsin substrate i, colorimetric
DTXSID30988741
4-hydroxy-4-({2-hydroxy-2-[(2-hydroxy-2-{[1-(4-nitroanilino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]imino}ethyl)imino]ethyl}imino)butanoic acid
PD166954
a-chymotrypsin
n-(3-carboxy-1-oxopropyl)glycylglycyl-n-(4-nitrophenyl)-l-phenylalaninamide

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The results indicate that further screening studies could lead to the discovery of soybeans which yield flour that is safe and nutritious, with minimal need for heating."( Effect of heat on the nutritional quality and safety of soybean cultivars.
Bates, AH; Brandon, DL; Friedman, M; Hymowitz, T, 1991
)
0.28
" Purified protease-resistant domains were as toxic for Culex quinquefasciatus larvae as intact solubilized toxin."( Toxicity of protease-resistant domains from the delta-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti bioassays.
Couche, GA; Cray, WC; Nickerson, KW; Pfannenstiel, MA, 1990
)
0.28
" Occurrence of adverse events, if any, was also recorded."( Co-medication with hydrolytic enzymes in radiation therapy of uterine cervix: evidence of the reduction of acute side effects.
Daftary, GV; Dale, PS; George, D; Tamhankar, CP, 2001
)
0.31
" The toxic syndrome included a rapid behavioural response of aphids on diets containing the toxic peptides, with induced restlessness after only 1 h of exposure to the chymotrypsin inhibitor."( Toxicity to the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum of anti-chymotrypsin isoforms and fragments of Bowman-Birk protease inhibitors from pea seeds.
Ferrasson, E; Quillien, L; Rabesona, H; Rahbé, Y, 2003
)
0.32
" They may exacerbate neuronal damage by secreting various toxic molecules."( Chymotrypsin-like proteases contribute to human monocytic THP-1 cell as well as human microglial neurotoxicity.
Klegeris, A; McGeer, PL, 2005
)
0.33
" From non-randomized studies, its multiple favorable effects including the reduction of adverse events from radiotherapy and chemotherapy in oncology patients have been reported."( [Effects of proteolytic enzyme therapy with Wobe Mugos against chemotherapy-induced toxicity in breast cancer patients - results of a pilot study].
Petru, C; Petru, E; Stranz, B, 2010
)
0.36
"Psychostimulant methamphetamine (METH) is toxic to striatal dopaminergic and serotonergic nerve terminals in adult, but not in the adolescent, brain."( Co-administration of betulinic acid and methamphetamine causes toxicity to dopaminergic and serotonergic nerve terminals in the striatum of late adolescent rats.
Killinger, B; Moszczynska, A; Shah, M, 2014
)
0.4
"Fat is digested in the intestine into free fatty acids (FFAs), which are detergents and therefore toxic to cells at micromolar concentration."( Effect of digestion and storage of human milk on free fatty acid concentration and cytotoxicity.
Altshuler, AE; Dobkins, KR; Penn, AH; Schmid-Schönbein, GW; Small, JW; Taylor, SF, 2014
)
0.4

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" While AAF-cmk itself is mildly cytostatic to U-937 cells and induces cell cycle block in G1, its combination with PSI does not induce an increase in the cytostatic/cytotoxic effects."( Effects of an inhibitor of tripeptidyl peptidase II (Ala-Ala-Phe-chloromethylketone) and its combination with an inhibitor of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome (PSI) on apoptosis, cell cycle and proteasome activity in U937 cells.
Bury, M; Hoser, G; Kawiak, J; Młynarczuk, I; Pleban, E; Wójcik, C, 2001
)
0.31
"To determine the safety, target inhibition, and signals of clinical activity of tipifarnib in combination with bortezomib in patients with advanced acute leukemias."( A phase I clinical-pharmacodynamic study of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib in combination with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in advanced acute leukemias.
Blaskovich, MA; Burton, M; Cubitt, C; Duong, VH; Lancet, JE; Sebti, S; Stuart, RK; Sullivan, DM; Winton, EF; Wright, JJ; Zhang, S, 2011
)
0.37
" This study investigates the effect of VSD combined with chymotrypsin in the treatment of patients with osteomyelitis after mandibular trauma."( [Clinical application of vacuum sealing drainage combined with chymotrypsin in the treatment of post-traumatic mandibular osteomyelitis].
Hu, P; Ma, L; Song, XZ; Wu, ZQ, 2018
)
0.48
" We wanted to examine whether enzymatic hydrolysis, combined with glycation, could further reduce IgE binding for people with a cow milk protein allergy."( Influence of whey protein hydrolysis in combination with dextran glycation on immunoglobulin E binding capacity with blood sera obtained from patients with a cow milk protein allergy.
Gern, JE; Gong, Y; Lucey, JA; Xu, L, 2020
)
0.56
" This combination with a well-known pharmacokinetic enhancer leads to a high risk for drug-drug interactions in a polymedicated elected population for treatment."( Management of drug-drug interactions with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in patients treated for Covid-19: Guidelines from the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (SFPT).
Bouchet, S; Grégoire, M; Lemaitre, F; Monchaud, C; Polard, E; Saint-Salvi, B,
)
0.13
" In complex situations, clinicians are advised to contact their pharmacology department to obtain specific recommendations on the management of drug-drug interactions with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir."( Management of drug-drug interactions with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in patients treated for Covid-19: Guidelines from the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (SFPT).
Bouchet, S; Grégoire, M; Lemaitre, F; Monchaud, C; Polard, E; Saint-Salvi, B,
)
0.13
"These recommendations intend to be a help for clinicians willing to prescribe nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and to prevent drug-drug interactions leading to adverse drug reactions or loss of efficacy."( Management of drug-drug interactions with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in patients treated for Covid-19: Guidelines from the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (SFPT).
Bouchet, S; Grégoire, M; Lemaitre, F; Monchaud, C; Polard, E; Saint-Salvi, B,
)
0.13

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The granule constituents of the rat mast cell differ after discharge in their bioavailability thereby suggesting that the proteoglycan may have a regulatory function in the extracellular environment."( Structure and function of intracellular proteoglycans.
Austen, KF; Metcalfe, DD, 1979
)
0.26
" The absorption rate was correlated to the intestinal chymotrypsin activity obtained from in vitro studies."( Hydrolysis and metabolism of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid in normal and pancreatic duct-ligated animals.
Kinoshita, K; Yamato, C, 1978
)
0.26
"In view of improving the cutaneous bioavailability of alpha-chymotrypsin from ointments, the stability of this enzyme in two hydrophile ointment bases, macrogoli and carbopol, was tested."( [The cutaneous bioavailability of alpha-chymotrypsin from ointments].
Filip, M; Gafiţanu, E; Mungiu, OC; Nicolaiciuc, C,
)
0.66
" The improved bioavailability resulted from an increased absorption from the small intestine and most likely from an increased stability toward enzymatic degradation, whereas plasma clearance was either unaffected or slightly increased by the glycosylation."( Glycosylated peptide hormones: pharmacological properties and conformational studies of analogues of [1-desamino,8-D-arginine]vasopressin.
Ahman, J; Bengtsson, B; Drakenberg, T; Kihlberg, J; Nilsson, A; Olsson, H; Söderberg-ahlm, C; Walse, B, 1995
)
0.29
"Various aliphatic carboxylic acid esters and a carbonate ester of the tyrosine phenolic group in desmopressin were synthesized to assess their suitability as prodrugs with improved bioavailability compared to the parent peptide."( Prodrugs of peptides. 18. Synthesis and evaluation of various esters of desmopressin (dDAVP).
Bundgaard, H; Buur, A; Kahns, AH, 1993
)
0.29
" Its bioactive monomethylamine metabolite (35, CP-108,671) was subsequently found to have uniformly high oral bioavailability and activity in various species including primates."( Discovery of inhibitors of human renin with high oral bioavailability.
Bindra, JS; Hockel, GM; Holt, WF; Hoover, DJ; Kleinman, EF; Lefker, BA; Mangiapane, ML; Murphy, WR; Rosati, RL; Wester, RT, 1995
)
0.29
"The bioavailability of an aqueous solution of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (dDAVP), with and without an enzyme inhibitor, was studied in six healthy, male volunteers aged 19-34 years, followed for 8 h after each drug administration."( Bioavailability of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin with an enzyme inhibitor (aprotinin) from the small intestine in healthy volunteers.
d'Agay-Abensour, L; Fjellestad-Paulsen, A; Höglund, P; Rambaud, JC, 1996
)
0.29
" This, together with the fact that it has a good bioavailability and a very low anticoagulant activity, suggests that it might be an adjuvant of MPI-based therapy of cystic fibrosis."( Heparin accelerates the inhibition of cathepsin G by mucus proteinase inhibitor: potent effect of O-butyrylated heparin.
Bieth, JG; Duranton, J; Ermolieff, J; Petitou, M, 1998
)
0.3
"A new formulation (HYA) based on timolol hyaluronate and pilocarpine hyaluronate salts has been shown to improve the bioavailability of the drugs and to extend the duration of their action."( Pharmacological evaluation of a new timolol/pilocarpine formulation.
Bucolo, C; Mangiafico, S; Spadaro, A, 1998
)
0.3
" The oral bioavailability of desmopressin is limited due both to its high hydrophilicity leading to a low intestinal permeability and to low enzymatic stability."( alpha-Chymotrypsin-catalyzed degradation of desmopressin (dDAVP): influence of pH, concentration and various cyclodextrins.
Fredholt, K; Friis, GJ; Ostergaard, J; Savolainen, J, 1999
)
1.75
"A new formulation based on pilocarpine hyaluronate salt has been shown to improve the bioavailability of the drug and to extend the duration of activity."( Pharmacological profile of a new topical pilocarpine formulation.
Bucolo, C; Mangiafico, P, 1999
)
0.3
" These results suggest that in vitro gastrointestinal digestion was the predominant factor controlling the formation of ACE inhibitory activity, hence, indicating its importance in the bioavailability of ACE inhibitory peptides."( The impact of fermentation and in vitro digestion on the formation of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity from pea and whey protein.
Decroos, K; Van Camp, J; Van Wijmelbeke, L; Vermeirssen, V; Verstraete, W, 2003
)
0.32
"Plant hydrocolloids used in the food industry to improve texture and stability of food, such as dairy products, can reduce protein digestibility and, consequently, modify the bioavailability of amino acids."( Effects of different levels of gum arabic, low methylated pectin and xylan on in vitro digestibility of beta-lactoglobulin.
Frémont, S; Laurent, F; Marrion, O; Méjean, L; Mouécoucou, J; Sanchez, C; Villaume, C, 2003
)
0.32
"The insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) play a major role in the regulation of the effects and the bioavailability of the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)."( Diversity of human insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-2 fragments in plasma: primary structure, IGF-binding properties, and disulfide bonding pattern.
Braulke, T; Forssmann, WG; Höning, S; John, H; Kübler, B; Mark, S; Oesterreicher, S; Ständker, L, 2005
)
0.33
" In vivo studies demonstrated a relative bioavailability of 34."( The use of thiolated polymers as carrier matrix in oral peptide delivery--proof of concept.
Bernkop-Schnürch, A; D'Antonio, M; Del Curto, MD; Esposito, P; Guggi, D; Huck, C; Kahlbacher, H; Pinter, Y; Schmerold, I; Schöffmann, G; Schuh, M, 2005
)
0.33
" It was the aim of the study to synthesise, characterise and evaluate a novel polymer-inhibitor conjugate in order to improve the bioavailability of orally-administered peptides and proteins."( Design and evaluation of a chitosan-aprotinin conjugate for the peroral delivery of therapeutic peptides and proteins susceptible to enzymatic degradation.
Entstrasser, D; Föger, F; Loretz, B; Werle, M, 2007
)
0.34
"05) higher mean plasma concentrations of sCT, after inhalation of micelles compared to sCT solution, at 60 and 90 min, a significantly higher AUC (inf) and a relative bioavailability of 160 ± 55% when compared to plain sCT solution."( In vitro and in vivo characterisation of PEG-lipid-based micellar complexes of salmon calcitonin for pulmonary delivery.
Baginski, L; Bakowsky, U; Ehrhardt, C; Gobbo, OL; Healy, AM; Salomon, JJ; Tewes, F, 2012
)
0.38
" A major approach to increase the bioavailability of pharmacologically active peptides is the incorporation of non-natural amino acids."( Impact of fluorination on proteolytic stability of peptides: a case study with α-chymotrypsin and pepsin.
Asante, V; Koksch, B; Mortier, J; Wolber, G, 2014
)
0.4
"The Food and Drug Administration in 2006 required that all pancreatic enzyme products demonstrate bioavailability of lipase, amylase, and protease in the proximal small intestine."( Study of the gastrointestinal bioavailability of a pancreatic extract product (Zenpep) in chronic pancreatitis patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
Karnik, N; Lieb, JG; Patel, D; Toskes, PP, 2020
)
0.56
"α-Helical antimicrobial peptides (αAMPs) are among the potential candidates for new anti-infectives to tackle the global crisis in antibiotic resistance, but they suffer from low bioavailability due to high susceptibility to enzymatic degradation."( Designed Trp-Cage Proteins with Antimicrobial Activity and Enhanced Stability.
Leippe, M; Lipfert, M; Preußke, N; Rothemund, S; Sönnichsen, FD, 2021
)
0.62

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" The dose-response relationship between pancreatic bicarbonate production and varying doses of synthetic secretin administered intravenously and in the form of snuff, was good."( [Pancreatic response to graded doses of synthetic secretion: comparison between intravenous and pernasal administration in man].
Demling, L; Domschke, S; Domschke, W; Jaeger, E; Tympner, F; Wünsch, E, 1975
)
0.25
" A comparison of the proteolytic activity with the fat content of the feces during the study period without the enzyme substitution and during the period when the enzyme dosage varied showed no significant correlation."( [Studies on the value of fecal tryptic and chymotryptic activity in the diagnosis and therapy of cystic fibrosis (author's transl)].
Kobayashi, Y; Tolckmitt, W; Weise, J, 1976
)
0.26
" The dosage can be higher in cases of chronic pancreatitis than in those required after duodenopancreatectomy."( Adequate enzymatic substitution in treating exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
Duda, M; Kubias, K; Simek, I, 1992
)
0.28
" Immunogenetic data and gene dosage studies revealed that the Sra antigen is not related to any of the other known platelet alloantigens."( Sra, a private platelet antigen on glycoprotein IIIa associated with neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia.
Kiefel, V; Kroll, H; Mueller-Eckhardt, C; Santoso, S, 1990
)
0.28
"Application of a single dose of a new type of proteinase inhibitor camostate (FOY-305) via orogastric tube was used in rats to study the dose-response relationship of resulting pancreatic stimulation."( Stimulation of pancreatic secretory process in the rat by low-molecular weight proteinase inhibitor. I. Dose-response study on enzyme content and secretion, cholecystokinin release and pancreatic fine structure.
Adler, G; Kern, HF; Koop, I; Rausch, U; Rudolff, D; Weidenbach, F; Weidenbach, H, 1987
)
0.27
" Apamin inhibited the transmural nerve stimulation-induced relaxation and shifted the dose-response curve for VIP to the right."( Similarities between the relaxations induced by vasoactive intestinal peptide and by stimulation of the non-adrenergic non-cholinergic neurons in the rat stomach.
Kamata, K; Kasuya, Y; Sakamoto, A, 1988
)
0.27
" The impaired regulation of adenylate cyclase and delayed secretion had in common: (i) partial correction with high concentrations of thrombin; (ii) similar thrombin dose-response relationships; (iii) similar concentration dependence for chymotrypsin during pretreatment; and (iv) specificity for thrombin."( Modified platelet responses to thrombin. Evidence for two types of receptors or coupling mechanisms.
Detwiler, TC; McGowan, EB, 1986
)
0.27
" A dose-response 125I-vWF-platelet binding occurred with increasing ristocetin concentrations which was unchanged by the addition of collagen."( Platelet-collagen interaction: inhibition by ristocetin and enhancement by von Willebrand factor-platelet binding.
Bell, WR; Bettigole, RE; LaDuca, FM; Robson, EB, 1986
)
0.27
" Regression analysis of net percent release values of histamine and the angiotensin I-converting activity from dose-response experiments demonstrated a correlation between the two parameters, indicating that the chymotrypsin-like enzyme is a constituent of the mast cell secretory granule."( A human lung mast cell chymotrypsin-like enzyme. Identification and partial characterization.
Kaempfer, CE; Proud, D; Schechter, NM; Wintroub, BU, 1986
)
0.27
" Analogues showing no adenylate cyclase activity were examined for their ability to act as antagonists by displacing glucagon-stimulated adenylate cyclase dose-response curves to the right (higher concentrations)."( Design and synthesis of glucagon partial agonists and antagonists.
Gysin, B; Hruby, VJ; Johnson, DG; Trivedi, D, 1986
)
0.27
" The calcium dose-response curve paralleled those of lipase and chymotrypsin outputs."( Action of pirenzepine, a new muscarinic antagonist drug, on human pancreatic secretion.
Laugier, R; Nishimura, S; Sarles, H, 1985
)
0.27
" Reexpressed in arbitrary MIF units, this relationship reflects a dose-response relationship with saturation characteristics."( Mechanism of action of migration inhibitory factor (MIF). I. Evidence for a receptor for MIF present on the peritoneal macrophage but not on the alveolar macrophage.
Eddleston, AL; Good, RA; Hadden, JW; Leu, RW, 1972
)
0.25
"The effect of actinomycin D (ACTD) at three dosage levels on the enzymatic activities of the normal rat pancreas was studied."( Pancreas acinar cell regeneration. X. Effect of actinomycin D on enzymatic activities.
Fitzgerald, PJ; Marsh, WH, 1971
)
0.25
" Pretreatment of the membranes with trypsin and chymotrypsin abolished the specific binding of both agonist and antagonist, in a dose-response manner, with the former being less affected."( Some characteristics of GnRH receptors in rat-pituitary membranes: differences between an agonist and and antagonist.
Hazum, E, 1981
)
0.26
" The sutures of size 2-0 were irradiated at dosage levels of 0-20 mrad."( The effect of gamma irradiation on the enzymatic degradation of polyglycolic acid absorbable sutures.
Chu, CC; Williams, DF, 1983
)
0.27
"The pathology and enzymology of the intestinal mucosae of lambs dosed daily with 2500 Trichostrongylus vitrinus larvae and killed at five, nine or 14 weeks were compared with worm-free animals."( Changes in the intestinal enzyme activity of lambs during chronic infection with Trichostrongylus vitrinus.
Jones, DG, 1982
)
0.26
" Sodium fluoride in moderate therapeutic dosage possibly can retard or completely inhibit the activity of bone-resorbing enzymes in the otospongiotic focus, thus retarding or arresting active expansion of a focus and resulting in stabilizing or arresting the progression of sensorineural hearing loss that is associated with otospongiosis."( Effect of fluoride on alpha-chymotrypsin.
Kacker, SK; Shambaugh, GE, 1980
)
0.58
" The dosage can be higher in cases of chronic pancreatitis than in those required after duodenopancreatectomy."( Adequate enzymatic substitution in treating exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
Duda, M; Kubias, K; Simek, I, 1993
)
0.29
" Further investigations on the immunomodulatory potency, dosage and effects on postherpetic herpes neuralgia are, however, still required."( [Enzyme therapy--an alternative in treatment of herpes zoster. A controlled study of 192 patients].
Billigmann, P, 1995
)
0.29
" In experiment 1, steers were dosed with 0, 25, or 50 micrograms."( Effects of slaframine and 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4DAMP) on pancreatic exocrine secretion in the bovine.
Croom, WJ; Hagler, WM; Harmon, DL; Krehbiel, CR; St Jean, G; Walker, JA, 1994
)
0.29
" Several analogs of varying chain lengths were synthesized and evaluated for biological activity using dose-response curves."( Mass spectrometry and characterization of Aedes aegypti trypsin modulating oostatic factor (TMOF) and its analogs.
Borovsky, D; Carlson, DA; Griffin, PR; Hunt, DF; Shabanowitz, J, 1993
)
0.29
" This assay measures the uptake of radiolabelled acetate into the cells, and the use of dispersed cells reduces the time and labor involved in preparing dose-response curves to different test peptides and increases the precision of the estimate of potency."( The preparation and use of dispersed cells from fat body of Locusta migratoria in a filtration plate assay for adipokinetic peptides.
Goldsworthy, GJ; Lee, MJ, 1995
)
0.29
" Intraocular pressure responses to drug vehicle and 5 different doses of topical dihydroergocristine were studied in order to obtain a dose-response curve."( The effect of topical dihydroergocristine on the intraocular pressure in alpha-chymotrypsin-induced ocular hypertensive rabbits.
Melena, J; Santafé, J; Segarra, J, 1998
)
0.53
"Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE/kininase II) inhibitors potentiated guinea pig ileum's isotonic contractions to bradykinin (BK) and its analogues, shifting the BK dose-response curve to the left."( Potentiation of the effects of bradykinin on its receptor in the isolated guinea pig ileum.
Erdös, EG; Igić, R; Minshall, RD; Nedumgottil, SJ; Rabito, SF, 2000
)
0.31
"In patients refractory to an ordinary amount of medicine, a large dosage of enzymes may be necessary to gain weight after PPPD."( Postoperative pancreatic exocrine function influences body weight maintenance after pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy.
Chijiiwa, K; Ohtsuka, T; Tanaka, M; Yamaguchi, K, 2001
)
0.31
" Intraocular pressure responses to drug vehicle and seven different doses of topical natural ergot alkaloids were examined in order to obtain dose-response relationships for comparing the intraocular pressure-lowering effect and potency of these drugs."( The effect of topical natural ergot alkaloids on the intraocular pressure and aqueous humor dynamics in rabbits with alpha-chymotrypsin-induced ocular hypertension.
Garrido, M; Melena, J; Puras, G; Santafé, J; Segarra, J, 2002
)
0.52
"The time course and dose-response to proteolysis of three dimeric isozymes of creatine kinase, CK-MM (muscle), CK-BB (brain), and CK-MB (heart) and the homologous monomer, arginine kinase were compared."( Proteolytic susceptibility of creatine kinase isozymes and arginine kinase.
Ercan, A; Grossman, SH, 2003
)
0.32
" These "nuisance" compounds often behave strangely, with steep dose-response curves, absence of clear structure-activity relationships, and high sensitivity to assay conditions."( Screening in a spirit haunted world.
Shoichet, BK, 2006
)
0.33
" Intraocular pressure responses to drug vehicle and seven different doses of topical natural ergot alkaloids were examined, in order to obtain dose-response relationships for comparing the intraocular pressure-lowering effect and potency of these drugs."( A comparative study of topical natural ergot alkaloids on the intraocular pressure and aqueous humor dynamics in oclular normotensive and alpha-chymotrypsin-induced ocular hypertensive rabbits.
Garrido, M; Melena, J; Puras, G; Santafé, J; Segarra, J, 2007
)
0.54
" The antitumor efficacy of PR-171 delivered on 2 consecutive days is stronger than that of bortezomib administered on its clinical dosing schedule."( Antitumor activity of PR-171, a novel irreversible inhibitor of the proteasome.
Aujay, MA; Bennett, MK; Buchholz, TJ; Dajee, M; Demo, SD; Ho, MN; Jiang, J; Kirk, CJ; Laidig, GJ; Lewis, ER; Molineaux, CJ; Parlati, F; Shenk, KD; Smyth, MS; Sun, CM; Vallone, MK; Woo, TM, 2007
)
0.34
"05) increase in preimplantation loss was observed at postinjection weeks 1 (reflecting exposure to spermatozoa after single treatment and to spermatozoa or late spermatids after subacute dosing) and 3 (reflecting exposure to mid and early spermatids for acute dosing and to mid and early spermatids or late spermatocytes following acute treatment), regardless of dose and length of exposure to the inhibitor."( Mutagenicity of Ascaris chymotrypsin inhibitor in germ cells of mice.
Blaszkowska, J, 2008
)
0.35
" The dose-response effect of CORM-3 on IOP was assessed by topical administration of the drug (0."( A water-soluble carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (CORM-3) lowers intraocular pressure in rabbits.
Bucolo, C; Drago, F; Leggio, GM; Motterlini, R; Privitera, MG; Stagni, E, 2009
)
0.35
" Consequently, in order to understand these differences, in silico biologically based dose-response and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) methodologies need to be integrated."( Quantitative structure-activity relationships for organophosphates binding to trypsin and chymotrypsin.
Gearhart, JM; Hack, CE; Robinson, PJ; Ruark, CD, 2011
)
0.37
" (13)C breath tests share the same limits of the other non invasive functional tests, but the mixed triglyceride breath test seems to be useful in finding the correct dosage of enzyme substitutive therapy to prevent malnutrition in patients with known pancreatic insufficiency."( Pancreatic function assessment.
Agnes, A; Alfieri, S; Boškoski, I; Bruno, G; Gasbarrini, A; Gerardi, V; Ianiro, G; Laterza, L; Ojetti, V; Scaldaferri, F, 2013
)
0.39
" However more research is needed to elucidate the underlying immunomodulatory role of chymotrypsin and how to increase its beneficial effect by modification of dosage and/or regimen of administration."( Immunomodulatory Effect of Chymotrypsin in CNS Is Sex-independent: Evidence of Anti-inflammatory Role for IL-17 in EAE.
Ghaffarinia, A; Jalili, C; Pakravan, N; Parvaneh, S; Riazi-Rad, F; Yaslianifard, S, 2016
)
0.43
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Occurs in Manufacturing (4 Product(s))

Product Categories

Product CategoryProducts
Vitamins & Supplements3
Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy1

Products

ProductBrandCategoryCompounds Matched from IngredientsDate Retrieved
Enzymatic Therapy Mega-Zyme - Pancreatic & Systemic Enzymes - Digestion & Muscle Recovery -- 100 TabletsEnzymatic TherapyVitamins & SupplementsLipase, Chymotrypsin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Innerzyme Pain & Inflammation Blend -- 250 TabletsInnerzymeHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyChymotrypsin, Dicalcium phosphate, ethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, maltodextrin, oleic acid, Rutin, stearic acid2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitacost-Synergy Mega Digestive Enzymes with Pancreatin 10X -- 200 CapsulesVitacost-SynergyVitamins & SupplementsLipase, Chymotrypsin, maltodextrin2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitacost-Synergy Mega Digestive Enzymes with Pancreatin 10X -- 300 CapsulesVitacost-SynergyVitamins & SupplementsLipase, Chymotrypsin, maltodextrin2024-11-29 10:47:42

Research

Studies (13,959)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19909262 (66.35)18.7374
1990's2174 (15.57)18.2507
2000's1389 (9.95)29.6817
2010's982 (7.03)24.3611
2020's152 (1.09)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 83.17

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index83.17 (24.57)
Research Supply Index9.61 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.23 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index155.05 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (83.17)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials142 (0.96%)5.53%
Reviews306 (2.08%)6.00%
Case Studies83 (0.56%)4.05%
Observational3 (0.02%)0.25%
Other14,209 (96.38%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]