An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1).
| Member | Definition | Role |
|---|
| 1-aminomethylphosphonic acid | A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid substituted by an aminomethyl group. It is a metabolite of the herbicide glyphosate. | (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid |
| 1h-tetrazole | A tetrazole tautomer where the proton is located on the 1st position. | 1H-tetrazole; 2H-tetrazole |
| 1h-tetrazole | A tetrazole tautomer where the proton is located on the 2 position. | 1H-tetrazole; 2H-tetrazole |
| bismuth subcarbonate | | bismuth subcarbonate |
| bromochlorodifluoromethane | A one-carbon compound that is methane in which the hydrogens have been replaced by two fluorines, a bromine, and a chlorine. Widely used in 'vapourising liquid'-type fire extinguishers, its use is now generally banned under the Montreal Protocol (ozone-depleting substances), although it is still used in certain applications (e.g. aviation). | bromochlorodifluoromethane |
| carbamic acid | A one-carbon compound that is ammonia in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a carboxy group. Although carbamic acid derivatives are common, carbamic acid itself has never been synthesised. | carbamic acid |
| carbamyl phosphate | | carbamoyl phosphate |
| carbamylhydrazine | A monocarboxylic acid amide that is urea where one of the amino groups has been replaced with hydrazine. | semicarbazide |
| carbazic acid | | carbazic acid |
| carbohydrazide | A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation between hydrazinecarboxylic acid and hydrazine. | carbonyl dihydrazine |
| carbon disulfide | | carbon disulfide |
| carbon monoxide | A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas. | carbon monoxide |
| carbonyl sulfide | A one-carbon compound in which the carbon atom is attached to an oxygen and a sulfur atom via double bonds. | carbonyl sulfide |
| carboxy phosphate | An acyclic mixed acid anhydride formed by condensation of phosphoric acid with carbonic acid. | carboxyphosphoric acid |
| chloroform | A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. | chloroform |
| chloropicrin | A C-nitro compound that is nitromethane in which all three hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. It is a severe irritant, and can cause immediate, severe inflammation of the eyes, nose and throat, and significant injuries to the upper and lower respiratory tract. Formerly stockpiled as a chemical warfare agent, it has been widely used in the US as a soil fumigant, particularly for strawberry crops. It is not approved for use within the European Union. | chloropicrin |
| clodronate disodium | The disodium salt of clodronic acid. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (generally as the tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases. | clodronic acid disodium salt |
| clodronic acid | An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases. | clodronic acid |
| cyanamide | A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by an amino group. | cyanamide |
| cyanic acid | | cyanic acid |
| formaldehyde | An aldehyde resulting from the formal oxidation of methanol. | formaldehyde |
| formamide | The simplest monocarboxylic acid amide, obtained by formal condensation of formic acid with ammonia. The parent of the class of formaldehydes. | formamide; formimidic acid |
| formamide | A carboximidic acid that is formic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group. | formamide; formimidic acid |
| formamidine | The smallest member of the class of carboxamidines being formic acid with the O and OH groups from the carboxy function replaced by NH and NH2 groups respectively. The parent of the class of formamidines. | formamidine |
| formyl phosphate | | formyl dihydrogen phosphate |
| foscarnet | Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity. | phosphonoformic acid |
| foscarnet sodium | The trisodium salt of phosphonoformic acid. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity. | trisodium phosphonoformate |
| guanidine | An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines. | guanidine |
| guanidine hydrochloride | | guanidinium chloride |
| hydrogen cyanide | A one-carbon compound consisting of a methine group triple bonded to a nitrogen atom | hydrogen cyanide |
| hydroxyguanidine | A member of the class of guanidines that is guanidine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a hydroxy group. | N-hydroxyguanidine |
| hydroxyurea | A member of the class of ureas that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. An antineoplastic used in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia as well as for sickle-cell disease. | hydroxyurea |
| hypothiocyanite ion | A sulfur oxoacid that is sulfenic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the sulfur has been replaced by a cyano group. | hypothiocyanous acid |
| isocyanic acid | A colourless, volatile, poisonous inorganic compound with the formula HNCO; the simplest stable chemical compound that contains carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, the four most commonly-found elements in organic chemistry and biology. | isocyanic acid |
| isoselenocyanic acid | | isoselenocyanic acid |
| isothiocyanic acid | | isothiocyanic acid |
| limestone | A calcium salt with formula CCaO3. | calcium carbonate |
| magnesium carbonate | A magnesium salt with formula CMgO3. Its hydrated forms, particularly the di-, tri-, and tetrahydrates occur as minerals. | magnesium carbonate |
| methane | A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC). | methane |
| methanearsonous acid | A one-carbon compound that is arsonous acid in which the hydrogen attached to arsenic is replaced by a methyl group. | methylarsonous acid |
| methanesulfonic acid | An alkanesulfonic acid in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo functionality is methyl. | methanesulfonic acid |
| methanol | The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. | methanol |
| methyl sulfate | An alkyl sulfate that is the monomethyl ester of sulfuric acid. | methyl sulfate |
| methylamine | The simplest of the methylamines, consisting of ammonia bearing a single methyl substituent. | methylamine |
| methylene glycol | The simplest member of the class of methanediols that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been substituted by hydroxy groups. | methanediol |
| methyleneimine | | methanimine |
| methylmercuric chloride | | methylmercury chloride |
| methylphosphate | A monoalkyl phosphate having methyl as the alkyl group. | methyl dihydrogen phosphate |
| methylphosphonic acid | A one-carbon compound that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorus is substituted by a methyl group. | methylphosphonic acid |
| methylselenic acid | An organoselenium compound that is seleninic acid in which the hydrogen attached to selenium is replaced by a methyl group. | methylseleninic acid |
| monomethylarsonic acid | | methylarsonic acid |
| nitroguanidine | | 1-nitroguanidine; 2-nitroguanidine |
| nitroguanidine | | 1-nitroguanidine; 2-nitroguanidine |
| pimagedine | A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide. | aminoguanidine |
| potassium cyanate | | potassium cyanate |
| potassium cyanide | A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of potassium cations and cyanide anions. | potassium cyanide |
| siderite | A carbonate salt in which the counter-ion is iron in the +2 oxidation state. | ferrous carbonate |
| sodium bicarbonate | | sodium hydrogencarbonate |
| sodium cyanate | | sodium cyanate |
| sodium cyanide | A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions. | sodium cyanide |
| thiocyanic acid | A hydracid that is cyanic acid in which the oxygen is replaced by a sulfur atom. | thiocyanic acid |
| thiophosgene | | thiophosgene |
| thiourea | The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur. | thiourea |
| trifluoromethanesulfonic acid | A one-carbon compound that is methanesulfonic acid in which the hydrogens attached to the methyl carbon have been replaced by fluorines. | triflic acid |
| trithiocarbonic acid | | carbonotrithioic acid |
| urea | A carbonyl group with two C-bound amine groups. The commercially available fertilizer has an analysis of 46-0-0 (N-P2O5-K2O). | carbamimidic acid; urea |
| urea | | carbamimidic acid; urea |