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toxin

Poisonous substance produced by a biological organism such as a microbe, animal or plant.

ChEBI ID: 27026

Members (36)

MemberDefinitionClass
3-octanoneA dialkyl ketone that is octane in which the two methylene protons at position 3 have been replaced by an oxo group.3-octanone
acetopyrrothineA dithiolopyrrolone antibiotic that is 4,5-dihydro[1,2]dithiolo[4,3-b]pyrrole in which the hydrogens at positions 4,5 and 6 have been replaced by methyl, oxo and acetamido groups, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of RNA polymerases, inhibits the angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and also inhibits JAMM metalloproteases.thiolutin
acroleinAn enal that is prop-2-ene with an oxo group at position 1.acrolein
aristolochic acid cAn aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by an hydroxy group at position 6, and by a nitro group at position 10.aristolochic acid C
aristolochic acid DAn aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by an hydroxy group at position 6, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10.aristolochic acid D
aristolochic acid iAn aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic.aristolochic acid A
aristolochic acid iiAn aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions and by a nitro group at position 10.aristolochic acid B
bafilomycin a1The most used of the bafilomycins, a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics derived from Streptomyces griseus.bafilomycin A1
biliatresoneA member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole which is substituted at positions 5 by a 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxoprop-1-en-3-yl group and at positions 4 and 6 by methoxy groups. A very rare type of isoflavonoid-related 1,2-diaryl-2-propenone found in Dysphania glomulifera (red crumbweed) and D. littoralis, the enone moiety is particularly reactive, undergoing ready Michael addition of water and methanol. Biliatresone has been found to cause extrahepatic biliary atresia (obliteration or discontinuity of the extrahepatic biliary system, resulting in obstruction to bile flow) in a zebrafish model.biliatresone
bongkrekic acidA tricarboxylic acid that is docosa-2,4,8,10,14,18,20-heptaenedioic acid substituted at positions 2 ,5 and 17 by methyl groups, at positions 6 by a methoxy group and at position 20 by a carboxymethyl group. It is produced by the bacterium Burkholderia gladioli and implicated in outbreaks of food-borne illness involving coconut and corn-based products in Indonesia and China.bongkrekic acid
decarbamylsaxitoxinA pyrrolopurine that is 2,6-diiminodecahydropyrrolo[1,2-c]purine carrying an additional hydroxymethyl substituent at position 4 as well as two hydroxy substituents at position 10. A toxin that is isolated from marine dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria and is known to cause paralytic shellfish poisoning.decarbamoylsaxitoxin
dinophysistoxin 1A ketal that is a marine toxin structurally related to okadaic acid. Produced by dinoflagellates it is known to accumulate in shellfish and cause diarrhoeic shellfish poisoning. It is an inhibitor of serine/threonine protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and PP2A and has been shown to promote cancer cell growth in tumour cell lines and animal models.dinophysistoxin 1
dinophysistoxin 2A ketal that is a rare marine toxin structurally related to okadaic acid. Found yearly along with okadaic acid in Portuguese shellfish, its presence has been correlated with the occurrence of Dinophysis acta.dinophysistoxin 2
djenkolic acidA dithioacetal consisting of two molecules of L-cysteine joined via their sulfanyl groups to methylene.L-djenkolic acid
dysideninA secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (4S)-5,5,5-trichloro-N-methyl-N-[(3S)-4,4,4-trichloro-3-methylbutanoyl]-L-leucine with the amino group of (1S)-1-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)ethanamine. It is a marine metabolite initially isolated from the sponge dysidea herbacea.dysidenin
ergonovineA monocarboxylic acid amide that is lysergamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-hydroxypropan-2-yl group (S-configuration). An ergot alkaloid that has a particularly powerful action on the uterus, its maleate (and formerly tartrate) salt is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced.ergometrine
ethylene glycolA 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.ethylene glycol
galactosamineThe pyranose form of D-galactosamine.2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose
hydrogen sulfideA sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.hydrogen sulfide
latrunculin aA bicyclic macrolide natural product consisting of a 16-membered bicyclic lactone attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety. It is obtained from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica and from the Fiji Islands sponge Cacospongia mycofijiensis. Latrunculin A inhibits actin polymerisation, microfilament organsation and microfilament-mediated processes.latrunculin A
latrunculin bA macrolide consisting of a 14-membered bicyclic lactone attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety. It is obtained from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica.latrunculin B
mitomycin aA member of the family of mitomycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitumour properties as well as a high level of toxicity.mitomycin A
nereistoxinToxin isolated from marine segmented worm, Lumbriconereis heterodopa. It is also the active insecticide of the proinsecticide thiocyclam.nereistoxin
neriifolinA cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxigenin in which the hydroxy goup at position 3 has been converted to its (6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-glucopyranoside derivative. Found in the seeds of Cerbera odollamand in Thevetia ahouia and Thevitia neriifolia.neriifolin
palytoxinA polyol marine coelenterate toxin composed of substituted N-3-hydroxypropyl-trans-3-amidoacrylamides and produced by species of Palythoa and Zoanthus soft corals (collectively called zoantharians), either as a defence mechanism or to assist them in capturing prey. An ionophore that forms cation channels through Na+/K+-ATPase, it is a potent vasoconstrictor useful in evaluation of anti-angina agents. It is considered to be one of the most poisonous non-protein substances known, second only to maitotoxin in terms of toxicity in mice.palytoxin
phenylacetic acidA monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.phenylacetic acid
rotenoneA member of the class of rotenones that consists of 1,2,12,12a-tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]furo[2,3-h]chromen-6(6aH)-one substituted at position 2 by a prop-1-en-2-yl group and at positions 8 and 9 by methoxy groups (the 2R,6aS,12aS-isomer). A non-systemic insecticide, it is the principal insecticidal constituent of derris (the dried rhizome and root of Derris elliptica).rotenone
saxitoxinAn alkaloid isolated from the marine dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning.saxitoxin
solanidinesolanidine
tabtoxinA monobactam phytotoxic dipeptide produced by Pseudomonas syringae, that causes wildfire disease in tobacco.tabtoxin
tilimycinA pyrrolobenzodiazepine that is (11aS)-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by an oxo group at position 5 and by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 11. It is an enterotoxic natural product synthesized via a non-ribosomal peptide synthase in Klebsiella oxytoca.tilimycin
tilivallineA pyrrolobenzodiazepine that is (11aS)-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine substituted by an oxo group at position 5, by a hydroxy group at position 9, and by a 1H-indol-3-yl group at position 11S. It is a natural product discovered in Klebsiella oxytoca which is the causative toxin in antibiotic associated hemorrhagic colitis. It exhibits a microtubule-stabilizing activity that leads to mitotic arrest in the host cells.tilivalline
tobramycinA amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.tobramycin
toxoflavinA pyrimidotriazine that is 1,6-dimethyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine with oxo groups at positions 5 and 7.toxoflavin
tropodithietic acidA monocarboxylic acid that is 8,9-dithiabicyclo[5.2.0]nona-1,3,6-triene substituted by a carboxy group at position 2 and an oxo group at position 3. It is a broad spectrum antibiotic produced by the marine bacterium Phaeobacter inhibens that also acts as a signalling molecule at lower concentrations.tropodithietic acid
tropoloneA cyclic ketone that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is a toxin produced by the agricultural pathogen Burkholderia plantarii.tropolone

Research

Studies (34,597)

TimeframeStudies, Drugs with This Role(%)All Drugs %
pre-19907,912 (22.87)18.7374
1990's4,050 (11.71)18.2507
2000's7,389 (21.36)29.6817
2010's11,496 (33.23)24.3611
2020's3,750 (10.84)2.80

Study Types

Publication TypeStudies, Drugs with this Role (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials946 (2.59%)5.53%
Reviews2,042 (5.60%)6.00%
Case Studies1,313 (3.60%)4.05%
Observational46 (0.13%)0.25%
Other32,111 (88.08%)84.16%

Protein Targets (255)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
4-(cytidine 5'-phospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erithritol kinaseArabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Potency1.187311
acetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Potency90.452911
activating transcription factor 6Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.025511
Adenosine receptor A1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency1.258911
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1Homo sapiens (human)Potency29.957716
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency8.50401126
aryl hydrocarbon receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency33.463011
ATAD5 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.372022
Ataxin-2Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.251211
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinaseTrypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927Potency0.849211
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.134611
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.082611
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.298823
Caspase-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency2.366133
caspase-1 isoform alpha precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency7.292322
Caspase-7Homo sapiens (human)Potency3.763633
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.251137
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency2.903122
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate OxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency21.895912
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1Homo sapiens (human)Potency4.087112
Chain A, Beta-lactamaseEscherichia coli K-12Potency22.387211
Chain A, CruzipainTrypanosoma cruziPotency11.141834
Chain A, Ferritin light chainEquus caballus (horse)Potency11.220211
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.336712
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolaseGiardia intestinalisPotency9.646434
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.005011
chromobox protein homolog 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency62.303222
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency1.000011
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.622811
cytochrome P450 2C9, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency6.165511
cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.487111
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency8.832027
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency5.495011
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.000514
D(1A) dopamine receptorSus scrofa (pig)Potency0.046511
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3F isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency7.943311
DNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency64.467912
DNA polymerase eta isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency3.033122
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)Homo sapiens (human)Potency13.855222
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency11.06861031
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)Homo sapiens (human)Potency13.993424
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency16.0940929
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency18.183712
EWS/FLI fusion proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency2.619644
eyes absent homolog 2 isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency741.511322
farnesoid X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency21.953413
flap endonuclease 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency56.234111
fructose-bisphosphate aldolase AOryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)Potency4.466811
Fumarate hydrataseHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.317311
GVesicular stomatitis virusPotency6.165511
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.978014
galactokinaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency1.158622
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.978014
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.978014
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.978014
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.978014
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.978014
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.978014
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.978014
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.978014
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.978014
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.978014
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.978014
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.978014
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.978014
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.978014
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.978014
gemininHomo sapiens (human)Potency4.6832410
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency7.778927
glp-1 receptor, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.501112
GLS proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency11.904822
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]Homo sapiens (human)Potency29.882659
Glutamate receptor 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.030013
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency2.511911
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency6.513111
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.000011
heat shock protein beta-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency53.094624
Histamine H2 receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Potency31.622813
Histamine H3 receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency3.981113
Histone H2A.xCricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)Potency44.269822
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.000011
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)Potency6.165511
huntingtin isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency5.011911
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunitHomo sapiens (human)Potency36.836713
IDH1Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.517411
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency17.348422
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency6.165512
Inositol monophosphatase 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency28.370812
Integrin alpha-IIbHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.794311
Integrin beta-3Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.794311
Interferon betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency4.997435
lamin isoform A-delta10Homo sapiens (human)Potency2.305724
lethal factor (plasmid)Bacillus anthracis str. A2012Potency5.856213
M-phase phosphoprotein 8Homo sapiens (human)Potency19.288612
Microtubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)Potency13.685328
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency2.238711
neuropeptide S receptor isoform AHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.397534
nonstructural protein 1Influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933(H1N1))Potency24.905412
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency146.170812
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency26.4314314
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency5.882812
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency38.736315
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1Mus musculus (house mouse)Potency4.6813412
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency20.443239
P53Homo sapiens (human)Potency79.432811
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency16.194812
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency7.508412
peripheral myelin protein 22Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.068322
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.047811
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency26.803947
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)Potency26.163435
phosphoglycerate kinaseTrypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927Potency1.289322
phosphopantetheinyl transferaseBacillus subtilisPotency40.439212
plasminogen precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency7.623712
polyproteinZika virusPotency3.317311
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.118911
PPM1D proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency1.855712
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency32.549723
progesterone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency20.458025
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency19.952611
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency63.095711
RAR-related orphan receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Potency9.824429
ras-related protein Rab-9AHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.107313
regulator of G-protein signaling 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency21.192311
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency13.9405311
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency5.110548
serine-protein kinase ATM isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.891311
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.052522
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1Homo sapiens (human)Potency21.192311
SMAD family member 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.107713
SMAD family member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.107713
Smad3Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.112211
snurportin-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency17.348422
Spike glycoproteinSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirusPotency0.034111
survival motor neuron protein isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency5.031612
TAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)Potency35.481311
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency13.3745214
thioredoxin reductaseRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency39.079023
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency5.872029
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency6.344622
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.6235515
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency6.133411
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency7.623712
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency7.623712
USP1 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency32.025523
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)Homo sapiens (human)Potency23.968724
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency26.030523
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRAHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.810711
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunitMus musculus (house mouse)Potency0.030013

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.008111
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.004611
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.008111
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.004611
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)IC500.002211
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.000611
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)IC500.004111
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.002611
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)IC500.021011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.011011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)IC500.021011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Ki0.011011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)IC500.436612
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.202812
72 kDa type IV collagenaseHomo sapiens (human)IC50146.000011
90-kda heat shock protein beta HSP90 beta, partialHomo sapiens (human)IC501.056622
ActinSaccharomyces cerevisiae S288CIC500.073313
Actin, alpha skeletal muscleOryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)IC508.470011
Acyl carrier protein, mitochondrialBos taurus (cattle)IC500.005111
Adenomatous polyposis coli proteinHomo sapiens (human)Ki118.000022
Adenosine receptor A3Homo sapiens (human)Ki1.080011
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)IC5096.000011
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Homo sapiens (human)Ki253.000013
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC501.680011
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.630011
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC500.289011
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.132011
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)IC50133.000012
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)Ki107.750022
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Mus musculus (house mouse)Ki558.750022
Bile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)IC5070.500012
Cadherin-1Homo sapiens (human)Ki16.500022
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50133.000012
Carbonic anhydraseMethanosarcina thermophilaKi50.000011
Carbonic anhydraseMethanothermobacter thermautotrophicus str. Delta HKi700.000011
Carbonic anhydraseStylophora pistillataKi3,940.000011
Carbonic anhydrase Stylophora pistillataKi580.000011
Carbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.600088
Carbonic anhydrase 13Mus musculus (house mouse)Ki5,200.000011
Carbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)Ki35.866799
Carbonic anhydrase 4Homo sapiens (human)Ki3,900.000011
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)Ki10.000022
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)Ki10.000022
Carbonic anhydrase 6Homo sapiens (human)Ki710.000011
Carbonic anhydrase 7Homo sapiens (human)Ki1,240.000011
Carbonic anhydrase 9Homo sapiens (human)Ki7.000011
Carbonic anhydrase, alpha family Hydrogenovibrio crunogenus XCL-2Ki1.100011
Carboxypeptidase A1Bos taurus (cattle)IC502.730011
Catenin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)IC5082.960055
Catenin beta-1Homo sapiens (human)Ki4.775044
Cathepsin BHomo sapiens (human)IC500.046722
cathepsin S isoform 1 preproproteinHomo sapiens (human)IC500.176511
Collagenase ColGHathewaya histolyticaIC5046.800011
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2Homo sapiens (human)IC5023.750014
Cytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)IC503.648611
D(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC505.901011
D(1A) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki2.950011
D(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC500.552011
D(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.184011
D(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC500.567011
D(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.193011
Delta-type opioid receptorMus musculus (house mouse)Ki9.000011
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase Plasmodium falciparum (malaria parasite P. falciparum)IC5010.000011
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (fumarate)Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288CIC5010.000011
Dopamine beta-hydroxylaseHomo sapiens (human)IC502.000011
dual specificity protein phosphatase 3Homo sapiens (human)IC501.170022
dual specificity protein phosphatase 6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC502.320011
Endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)IC5015.850022
green fluorescent protein, partialAequorea victoriaIC5067.549012
heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)IC501.056622
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alphaHomo sapiens (human)IC5015.850022
Lysine-specific demethylase 4AHomo sapiens (human)IC502.500022
Lysine-specific demethylase 4CHomo sapiens (human)IC500.520522
Mu-type opioid receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Ki9.000011
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)IC50133.000012
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1Homo sapiens (human)IC500.870011
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-2Homo sapiens (human)IC5014.400011
NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrialBos taurus (cattle)IC500.005111
NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1Bos taurus (cattle)IC500.015022
nuclear receptor corepressor 2 isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)IC5039.841011
P2X purinoceptor 3Homo sapiens (human)IC500.755011
Pancreatic triacylglycerol lipaseSus scrofa (pig)IC50500.000011
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)IC5039.841011
photoreceptor-specific nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC5039.841011
Polyphenol oxidase 2Agaricus bisporusIC500.400055
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX12Homo sapiens (human)Ki9.000011
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15Homo sapiens (human)Ki8.000011
procathepsin L isoform 1 preproproteinHomo sapiens (human)IC5025.112922
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1Gallus gallus (chicken)Ki20,000.000011
ReninHomo sapiens (human)IC500.980011
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)IC500.002311
Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)IC5010.000011
Sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)IC5010.000011
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)IC500.001011
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)IC500.013011
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)IC500.017623
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)IC500.210011
Sodium channel protein type 7 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)IC500.410011
Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)IC500.001111
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)IC500.518033
ThermolysinBacillus thermoproteolyticusIC5071.100011
Transcription factor 4Homo sapiens (human)IC500.800011
Transcription factor 7-like 2Homo sapiens (human)Ki46.416766
tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 22 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)IC501.295022
tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 7 isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)IC501.240011
V-type proton ATPase subunit S1Homo sapiens (human)IC500.100011
Vacuolar proton pump subunit B Gallus gallus (chicken)IC500.030011

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)EC5062.740011
Olfactory receptor class A-like protein 1Danio rerio (zebrafish)EC5030.500011
Protein Rev HIV-1 M:B_HXB2RKd4.110011
recombinase AMycobacterium tuberculosis H37RvEC500.054122
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1Homo sapiens (human)EC5012.943145
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC50116.000011
Tyrosine-protein kinase LckHomo sapiens (human)Kd50,000.000011

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
DNA repair and recombination protein RAD54-like isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)AC501.100011
jumonji domain containing 2AHomo sapiens (human)AC502.541011
jumonji domain containing 2C, partialHomo sapiens (human)AC500.541411
recombinase AMycobacterium tuberculosis H37RvIC902.870011
replicative DNA helicaseMycobacterium tuberculosis H37RvAC500.070422