Compounds > nuciferine
Page last updated: 2024-12-05

nuciferine

Description

Nuciferine is an aporphine alkaloid found in the leaves and stems of the lotus (Nelumbo nucifera). It has been shown to possess a variety of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. Nuciferine is also known to interact with dopamine receptors, suggesting potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Its synthesis involves the enzymatic conversion of dopamine to norlaudanosoline, followed by a series of complex steps that lead to the formation of the aporphine ring system. Research into nuciferine is driven by its potential therapeutic benefits and its unique structural characteristics. For example, it is being studied as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, nuciferine's ability to interact with dopamine receptors makes it a promising candidate for the development of new antipsychotic drugs.'

nuciferine: CNS depressant; glutamic acid antagonist; RN given refers to (R)-isomer; structure [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID10146
CHEMBL ID464529
SCHEMBL ID20544868
MeSH IDM0052757

Synonyms (42)

Synonym
(r)-1,2-dimethoxyaporphine
1,2-dimethoxy-6abeta-aporphine
(-)-nucipherine
sanjoinine e
nuciferin
l-nuciferine
6a-beta-aporphine, 1,2-dimethoxy-
l-5,6-dimethoxyaporphine
nuciferine
4h-dibenzo(de,g)quinoline, 5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-1,2-dimethoxy-6-methyl-, (r)-
(6ar)-1,2-dimethoxy-6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4h-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline
CHEMBL464529
475-83-2
unii-w26ueb90b7
w26ueb90b7 ,
S3821
AKOS015903258
(-)-nuciferine
4h-dibenzo(de,g)quinoline, 5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-1,2-dimethoxy-6-methyl-, (6ar)-
1,2-dimethoxy-6a.beta.-aporphine
(r)-nuciferine
d-(-)-nuciferine
Q-100504
1-5, 6-dimethoxyaporphine
6a-.beta.-aporphine, 1,2-dimethoxy-
ORJVQPIHKOARKV-OAHLLOKOSA-N
CS-4270
HY-N0049
AC-7998
mfcd01664592
(r)-1,2-dimethoxy-6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4h-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline
SCHEMBL20544868
vlt 049
Q7067904
HMS3887A19
DTXSID40963862
CCG-267422
nsc-785145
nsc785145
BS-42200
A872116
N1170

Research Excerpts

Overview

Nuciferine (NF) is an alkaloid isolated from Nelumbo nucifera and has been reported to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological effects. It is an important drug candidate for the treatment of obesity-related diseases.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Nuciferine (NF) is a high-quality aporphine alkaloid present in lotus leaf."( Nuciferine, an active ingredient derived from lotus leaf, lights up the way for the potential treatment of obesity and obesity-related diseases.
Ao, H; Chen, L; Peng, C; Tang, F; Wan, Y; Wu, JJ; Xia, J; Xu, JF; Yang, Y, 2022)		2.89
"Nuciferine is an amorphine alkaloid in lotus leaf that has anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering and hypoglycemic effects, so the quantitation of detected nuciferine is important."( Electrochemical Detection of Nuciferine in the Lotus Leaf Based on Efficient Catalysis by Zirconium-MOFs.
Chang, D; Feng, J; Ma, H; Pan, H; Qi, F; Qiu, R; Ren, X; Rong, S; Wu, M, 2022)		2.46
"Nuciferine is an important drug candidate for the treatment of many diseases. "( Processing tactics for low-cost production of pure nuciferine from lotus leaf.
Chu, J; Ruan, Y; Shi, J; Shi, Q; Xu, J, 2022)		2.42
"Nuciferine (NCF) is an aporphine alkaloid and a principal bioactive constituent in the lotus plant. "( Nuciferine alleviates intestinal inflammation by inhibiting MAPK/NF-κB and NLRP3/Caspase 1 pathways in vivo and in vitro.
Kulhari, U; Kundu, S; Mugale, MN; Sahu, BD, 2023)		3.8
"Nuciferine (NF) is an alkaloid isolated from Nelumbo nucifera and has been reported to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological effects. "( Nuciferine protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced endometritis via inhibiting ferroptosis and modulating AMPKα/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling axis.
Guo, J; Hu, R; Jiang, P; Zhai, Z; Zhang, K; Zhao, L, 2023)		3.8
"Nuciferine (NUC) is a main bioactive component in the lotus leaf that has been used as food in China since ancient times."( Nuciferine modulates the gut microbiota and prevents obesity in high-fat diet-fed rats.
Gong, S; Li, B; Liu, M; Qian, S; Wang, J; Wang, Y; Wei, B; Wei, M; Yao, W, 2020)		2.72
"Nuciferine is a major active aporphine alkaloid from the leaves of N. "( Nuciferine prevents hepatic steatosis and injury induced by a high-fat diet in hamsters.
Feng, R; Guan, C; Guo, F; Li, X; Li, Y; Sun, C; Wang, Y; Yang, X, 2013)		3.28
"Nuciferine is an important drug candidate for the treatment of obesity-related diseases. "( A sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of nuciferine in rats.
Gu, S; Li, Q; Li, X; Liu, G; Wang, Y; Wu, X; Zhang, J; Zhu, G, 2014)		2.06
"Nuciferine is an aporphine alkaloid extracted from lotus leaves, which is a raw material in Chinese medicinal herb for weight loss. "( Identification of the anti-tumor activity and mechanisms of nuciferine through a network pharmacology approach.
Bai, M; Cao, YB; Fan, XJ; Li, HY; Li, R; Li, S; Qi, Q; Wang, SY; Zhang, B, 2016)		2.12
"Nuciferine is an alkaloid associated with dopamine receptor blockade."( The Blue Lotus Flower (Nymphea caerulea) Resin Used in a New Type of Electronic Cigarette, the Re-Buildable Dripping Atomizer.
Halquist, MS; Mulder, HA; Peace, MR; Poklis, A; Poklis, JL; Wolf, CE, )		0.85

Effects

Nuciferine has a significant anti-atherogenic effect by regulating the proliferation and migration of VSMCs through the Calm4/MMP12/AKT signaling pathway. It has a vasorelaxant effect via both endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms.

Nuciferine has a significant anti-atherogenic effect by regulating the proliferation and migration of VSMCs through the Calm4/MMP12/AKT signaling pathway. The effects of NF on obesity-related intestinal permeability, autophagy and the gut microbiota have not been investigated.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Nuciferine has a significant anti-atherogenic effect by regulating the proliferation and migration of VSMCs through the Calm4/MMP12/AKT signaling pathway."( Nuciferine attenuates atherosclerosis by regulating the proliferation and migration of VSMCs through the Calm4/MMP12/AKT pathway in ApoE
Cheng, Y; Liu, Z; Qi, X; Wang, Y; Xian, C; Xiao, M; Zhang, R, 2023)		3.07
"Nuciferine has a vasorelaxant effect via both endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms. "( Nuciferine relaxes rat mesenteric arteries through endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
Cheang, WS; Huang, Y; Lai, B; Luo, Z; Ni, J; Wang, N; Wang, X; Xiao, L; Yang, H; Zhang, M; Zhang, Z, 2015)		3.3
"Nuciferine has previously been shown to exert beneficial effects in various metabolic diseases."( Nuciferine administration in C57BL/6J mice with gestational diabetes mellitus induced by a high-fat diet: the improvement of glycolipid disorders and intestinal dysbacteriosis.
Gao, P; He, Z; Huang, P; Lin, Q; Liu, S; Luo, M; Luo, T; Tang, Z; Wang, X; Zhu, J, 2021)		2.79
"Nuciferine has a significant anti-atherogenic effect by regulating the proliferation and migration of VSMCs through the Calm4/MMP12/AKT signaling pathway."( Nuciferine attenuates atherosclerosis by regulating the proliferation and migration of VSMCs through the Calm4/MMP12/AKT pathway in ApoE
Cheng, Y; Liu, Z; Qi, X; Wang, Y; Xian, C; Xiao, M; Zhang, R, 2023)		3.07
"Nuciferine (NF) has received extensive attention due to its medicinal value in the treatment of metabolic diseases, such as obesity; however, to date, the effects of NF on obesity-related intestinal permeability, autophagy and the gut microbiota have not been investigated. "( Nuciferine improves high-fat diet-induced obesity
Du, XL; Fang, ZY; Gao, XX; Li, XW; Liu, GW; Ouyang, HL; Shi, Z; Song, YX; Wang, Z; Yu, H; Zhu, YW, 2021)		3.51
"Nuciferine has a vasorelaxant effect via both endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms. "( Nuciferine relaxes rat mesenteric arteries through endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
Cheang, WS; Huang, Y; Lai, B; Luo, Z; Ni, J; Wang, N; Wang, X; Xiao, L; Yang, H; Zhang, M; Zhang, Z, 2015)		3.3

Treatment

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Nuciferine treatment mitigated the pathological alterations, ameliorated inflammatory cell infiltration and improved kidney dysfunction in mice with folic acid-induced acute kidney injury. "( Nuciferine protects against folic acid-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting ferroptosis.
Cao, P; Chang, Y; Duan, X; Fan, Y; Han, B; Hao, Q; Li, D; Liu, B; Liu, M; Liu, X; Meng, Y; Nakai, A; Song, Z; Tan, K; Xu, X, 2021)		3.51

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The aim of this study was to analyse the role of two alkaloid, Protopine and Nuciferine, in the prevention and the treatment of the low and mild grade adverse events related to the use of HIVEC® (Hyperthermic IntraVEsical Chemotherapy) instillations."( The role of Protopine associated with Nuciferine in controlling adverse events during hyperthermic intravesical chemotherapy instillations. A nutraceutical approach to control adverse event during intravesical instillations.
Carrino, M; Chiancone, F; Fabiano, M; Fedelini, M; Fedelini, P; Meccariello, C; Persico, F, 2020)		1.06

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution study of nuciferine in rats."( A sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of nuciferine in rats.
Gu, S; Li, Q; Li, X; Liu, G; Wang, Y; Wu, X; Zhang, J; Zhu, G, 2014)		0.83
"Potentially eligible prototype-based PK-markers were identified in a single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetic study on TZQ in 30 healthy volunteers."( Identify super quality markers from prototype-based pharmacokinetic markers of Tangzhiqing tablet (TZQ) based on in vitro dissolution/ permeation and in vivo absorption correlations.
Du, X; He, X; Huang, Y; Li, Y; Li, Z; Liu, J; Lv, C; Wang, B; Wang, R; Zhang, D, 2018)		0.48

Bioavailability

Nuciferine is the best of the five components, with absolute bioavailability reaching 61. The five representative components are all class III/IV, which demonstrates that they are poorly absorbed substances.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The values of absolute bioavailability were (3."( A sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of nuciferine in rats.
Gu, S; Li, Q; Li, X; Liu, G; Wang, Y; Wu, X; Zhang, J; Zhu, G, 2014)		0.61
" Also the ability of each classification system to predict and determine the extent of absorption of the Chinese herbal compound was investigated based on the absolute bioavailability of representative components."( Establishment of modified biopharmaceutics classification system absorption model for oral Traditional Chinese Medicine (Sanye Tablet).
Cao, X; Dou, Z; Li, H; Liu, T; Liu, Y; Ren, X; Wang, M, 2019)		0.51
" Nuciferine is the best of the five components, with absolute bioavailability reaching 61."( Establishment of modified biopharmaceutics classification system absorption model for oral Traditional Chinese Medicine (Sanye Tablet).
Cao, X; Dou, Z; Li, H; Liu, T; Liu, Y; Ren, X; Wang, M, 2019)		1.42
"The five representative components (except for nuciferine) are all class III/IV, which correlates well with the absolute bioavailability results and demonstrates that they are poorly absorbed substances."( Establishment of modified biopharmaceutics classification system absorption model for oral Traditional Chinese Medicine (Sanye Tablet).
Cao, X; Dou, Z; Li, H; Liu, T; Liu, Y; Ren, X; Wang, M, 2019)		0.77
" Furthermore, the bioavailability of NF is obstructed due to its hydrophobicity, requiring an efficient drug delivery system, such as chitosan (CS) hydrogel."( Nuciferine-loaded chitosan hydrogel-integrated 3D-printed polylactic acid scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: A combinatorial approach.
Bharathi, R; Harini, G; Sankaranarayanan, A; Selvamurugan, N; Shanmugavadivu, A; Vairamani, M, 2023)		2.35

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" In conclusion, the present study may provide a material basis for study of the pharmacological action of nuciferine in the treatment of obesity, and meaningful insights into further study on dosage modification."( A sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of nuciferine in rats.
Gu, S; Li, Q; Li, X; Liu, G; Wang, Y; Wu, X; Zhang, J; Zhu, G, 2014)		0.83
" PLGA exhibited excellent loading capacity for NUC with adjustable dosing ratios."( PLGA nanoparticles for the oral delivery of nuciferine: preparation, physicochemical characterization and in vitro/in vivo studies.
Gu, S; Li, X; Liu, G; Liu, Y; Mi, Y; Wu, X; Zhang, B, 2017)		0.72
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein Targets (6)

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Kb0.16500.00000.03470.1650AID1412497
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)Kb0.06530.00060.16891.1000AID1412489
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)Kb0.03640.00230.04150.1120AID1412491
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Kb0.03780.00020.05100.3380AID1412495
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Kb0.06060.00000.05120.2660AID1412496
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)Kb0.03100.03100.69831.9800AID1412490
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (101)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferationAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neuron-glial cell signalingAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cell-cell signalingAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrationAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstrictionAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascadeAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
temperature homeostasis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
glycolytic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
activation of phospholipase C activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
memory5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine secretion5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
artery smooth muscle contraction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of heat generation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of potassium ion transport5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
protein localization to cytoskeleton5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fat cell differentiation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glycolytic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstriction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cell5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
sensitization5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to cocaine5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inflammatory response5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of platelet aggregation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
behavioral fear response5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
locomotory behavior5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
feeding behavior5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
cGMP-mediated signaling5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of nervous system process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of appetite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fat cell differentiation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
MAPK cascadeAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of heart rate involved in baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressureAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine-epinephrine vasoconstriction involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressureAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of heart rate by epinephrine-norepinephrineAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by epinephrine-norepinephrineAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
apoptotic processAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
smooth muscle contractionAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
signal transductionAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
activation of phospholipase C activityAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrationAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adult heart developmentAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to hormoneAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of autophagyAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophyAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergicAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transductionAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascadeAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of action potentialAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstrictionAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle contractionAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transport into cytosolAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle contractionAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell developmentAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascadeAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein kinase C signalingAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
pilomotor reflexAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neuron-glial cell signalingAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cell-cell signalingAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of vasoconstrictionAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transductionAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascadeAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of cardiac muscle contractionAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neuron-glial cell signalingAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cell-cell signalingAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrationAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neural crest cell migration5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokine production5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor internalization5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
heart morphogenesis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle hypertrophy5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
activation of phospholipase C activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
neural crest cell differentiation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
intestine smooth muscle contraction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
phosphorylation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signaling5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
cGMP-mediated signaling5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
vasoconstriction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAP kinase activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
embryonic morphogenesis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of behavior5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell division5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
ERK1 and ERK2 cascade5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C signaling5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to temperature stimulus5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (14)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
protein bindingAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
alpha1-adrenergic receptor activityAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
virus receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine kinase activator activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
alpha1-adrenergic receptor activityAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
alpha1-adrenergic receptor activityAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G-protein alpha-subunit binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
GTPase activator activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (20)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membraneAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neurofilament5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
caveola5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
axon5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
dendritic shaft5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
cell body fiber5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
dendrite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
dendrite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
caveolaAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear membraneAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
caveolaAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear membraneAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
dendrite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (31)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID722233Inhibition of melanogenesis in mouse B16-4A5 cells at 1 uM after 72 hrs by spectrophotometry2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3
Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1412497Antagonist activity at human adrenergic alpha1D receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of noradrenaline-induced receptor activation preincubated for 15 mins followed by serotonin addition and measured after 1 hr by TGFalpha shedding ass2018MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 9, Issue:3
Synthesis and evaluation of nuciferine and roemerine enantiomers as 5-HT
AID721309Antimelanogenic activity in mouse B16-4A5 cells assessed as inhibition of TRP2 mRNA expression at 3 uM after 72 hrs by RT-PCR analysis relative to beta-actin mRNA2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3
Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1412495Antagonist activity at human adrenergic alpha1A receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of noradrenaline-induced receptor activation preincubated for 15 mins followed by serotonin addition and measured after 1 hr by TGFalpha shedding ass2018MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 9, Issue:3
Synthesis and evaluation of nuciferine and roemerine enantiomers as 5-HT
AID1412498Selectivity ratio of Kb for human adrenergic alpha1B receptor to Kb for human adrenergic alpha1A receptor2018MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 9, Issue:3
Synthesis and evaluation of nuciferine and roemerine enantiomers as 5-HT
AID721312Antimelanogenic activity in mouse B16-4A5 cells assessed as inhibition of TRP1 mRNA expression at 3 uM after 72 hrs by RT-PCR analysis relative to beta-actin mRNA2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3
Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1412496Antagonist activity at human adrenergic alpha1B receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of noradrenaline-induced receptor activation preincubated for 15 mins followed by serotonin addition and measured after 1 hr by TGFalpha shedding ass2018MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 9, Issue:3
Synthesis and evaluation of nuciferine and roemerine enantiomers as 5-HT
AID721322Inhibition of melanogenesis in mouse B16-4A5 cells at 10 uM after 72 hrs by spectrophotometry2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3
Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID721310Antimelanogenic activity in mouse B16-4A5 cells assessed as inhibition of TRP1 mRNA expression at 30 uM after 72 hrs by RT-PCR analysis relative to beta-actin mRNA2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3
Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID722232Inhibition of melanogenesis in mouse B16-4A5 cells at 3 uM after 72 hrs by spectrophotometry2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3
Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID721320Inhibition of melanogenesis in mouse B16-4A5 cells at 100 uM after 72 hrs by spectrophotometry2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3
Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID721311Antimelanogenic activity in mouse B16-4A5 cells assessed as inhibition of TRP1 mRNA expression at 10 uM after 72 hrs by RT-PCR analysis relative to beta-actin mRNA2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3
Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1412490Antagonist activity at human 5-HT2B receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of serotonin-induced receptor activation preincubated for 15 mins followed by serotonin addition and measured after 1 hr by TGFalpha shedding assay2018MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 9, Issue:3
Synthesis and evaluation of nuciferine and roemerine enantiomers as 5-HT
AID721306Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 100 uM2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3
Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1412491Antagonist activity at human 5-HT2C receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of serotonin-induced receptor activation preincubated for 15 mins followed by serotonin addition and measured after 1 hr by TGFalpha shedding assay2018MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 9, Issue:3
Synthesis and evaluation of nuciferine and roemerine enantiomers as 5-HT
AID1412501Selectivity ratio of Kb for human adrenergic alpha1A receptor to Kb for human 5-HT2A receptor2018MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 9, Issue:3
Synthesis and evaluation of nuciferine and roemerine enantiomers as 5-HT
AID721307Antimelanogenic activity in mouse B16-4A5 cells assessed as inhibition of TRP2 mRNA expression at 30 uM after 72 hrs by RT-PCR analysis relative to beta-actin mRNA2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3
Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1412489Antagonist activity at human 5-HT2A receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of serotonin-induced receptor activation preincubated for 15 mins followed by serotonin addition and measured after 1 hr by TGFalpha shedding assay2018MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 9, Issue:3
Synthesis and evaluation of nuciferine and roemerine enantiomers as 5-HT
AID721314Antimelanogenic activity in mouse B16-4A5 cells assessed as inhibition of tyrosinase mRNA expression at 10 uM after 72 hrs by RT-PCR analysis relative to beta-actin mRNA2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3
Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1412492Selectivity ratio of Kb for human 5-HT2B receptor to Kb for human 5-HT2A receptor2018MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 9, Issue:3
Synthesis and evaluation of nuciferine and roemerine enantiomers as 5-HT
AID721308Antimelanogenic activity in mouse B16-4A5 cells assessed as inhibition of TRP2 mRNA expression at 10 uM after 72 hrs by RT-PCR analysis relative to beta-actin mRNA2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3
Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID721319Inhibition of melanogenesis in mouse B16-4A5 cells after 72 hrs by spectrophotometry2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3
Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID721321Inhibition of melanogenesis in mouse B16-4A5 cells at 30 uM after 72 hrs by spectrophotometry2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3
Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1412494Selectivity ratio of Kb for human 5-HT2B receptor to Kb for human 5-HT2C receptor2018MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 9, Issue:3
Synthesis and evaluation of nuciferine and roemerine enantiomers as 5-HT
AID721318Cytotoxicity against mouse B16-4A5 cells assessed as cell viability at 30 uM after 70 hrs by WST-8 assay2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3
Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1412493Selectivity ratio of Kb for human 5-HT2C receptor to Kb for human 5-HT2A receptor2018MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 9, Issue:3
Synthesis and evaluation of nuciferine and roemerine enantiomers as 5-HT
AID721315Antimelanogenic activity in mouse B16-4A5 cells assessed as inhibition of tyrosinase mRNA expression at 3 uM after 72 hrs by RT-PCR analysis relative to beta-actin mRNA2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3
Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID721317Cytotoxicity against mouse B16-4A5 cells assessed as cell viability at 100 uM after 70 hrs by WST-8 assay2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3
Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1412500Selectivity ratio of Kb for human adrenergic alpha1D receptor to Kb for human adrenergic alpha1B receptor2018MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 9, Issue:3
Synthesis and evaluation of nuciferine and roemerine enantiomers as 5-HT
AID721313Antimelanogenic activity in mouse B16-4A5 cells assessed as inhibition of tyrosinase mRNA expression at 30 uM after 72 hrs by RT-PCR analysis relative to beta-actin mRNA2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3
Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1412499Selectivity ratio of Kb for human adrenergic alpha1D receptor to Kb for human adrenergic alpha1A receptor2018MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 9, Issue:3
Synthesis and evaluation of nuciferine and roemerine enantiomers as 5-HT
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (81)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19907 (8.64)18.7374
1990's1 (1.23)18.2507
2000's2 (2.47)29.6817
2010's35 (43.21)24.3611
2020's36 (44.44)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 51.03

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index51.03 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.50 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.78 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index79.51 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (51.03)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials6 (7.23%)5.53%
Reviews2 (2.41%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other75 (90.36%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
ammonium hydroxide
azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.		1.9410azane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
nucleophilic reagent;
refrigerant
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.15102-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
glycine
[no description available]		1.9610alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
palmitic acid
Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.		2.610long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
uric acid
Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.		3.5120uric acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
baclofen
[no description available]		1.9510amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant
benzbromarone
Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.		2.41101-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone		uricosuric drug
amphetamine
Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.		1.9510primary amine
diazepam
Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.		1.95101,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
diazoxide
Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.		2.0710benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
diuretic;
K-ATP channel agonist;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasodilator agent
gaboxadol
gaboxadol: GABA agonist; inhibitor of GABA uptake systems; structure		1.9610oxazole
glyburide
Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.		2.0710monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		anti-arrhythmia drug;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
haloperidol
Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.		1.9510aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
hexobarbital
Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.		1.9510barbiturates
isoproterenol
Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.		7.4110catechols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
ketanserin
Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.		2.1710aromatic ketone;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
cardiovascular drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist
metformin
Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.		7.1710guanidinesenvironmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
muscimol
Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.		1.9610alkaloid;
isoxazoles;
primary amino compound		fungal metabolite;
GABA agonist;
oneirogen;
psychotropic drug
nimodipine
Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.		2.07102-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
oxonic acid
Oxonic Acid: Antagonist of urate oxidase.		3.03101,3,5-triazines;
monocarboxylic acid
phenacetin
Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione		2.0510acetamides;
aromatic ether		cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
phenobarbital
Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		1.9510barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative
prazosin
Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.		2.1710aromatic ether;
furans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperazines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
protopine
[no description available]		4.7122dibenzazecine alkaloidplant metabolite
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.		2.3620aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
uridine diphosphate
Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.		7.0510pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline
1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline: RN given refers to cpd with locants as specified		2.0810isoquinolines
isoxazoles
Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.		1.9610isoxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
boldine
[no description available]		2.1310aporphine alkaloid
kainic acid
Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.		7.8740dicarboxylic acid;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid		antinematodal drug;
excitatory amino acid agonist
flavone
flavone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure given in first source. flavone : The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2.		7.0410flavonesmetabolite;
nematicide
bulbocapnine
bulbocapnine: was heading 1975-94 (Prov 1975-90); use APORPHINES to search BULBOCAPNINE 1975-94 (as Prov 1975-94); alkaloid from Corydalis cava and other plants; induces catalepsy probably due to its antagonism of DOPAMINE. bulbocapnine : An aporphine alkaloid that has been isolated from Corydalis and exhibits inhibitory activity against enzymes such as tyrosine 3-monooxygenase and diamine oxidase.		2.1310aporphine alkaloid;
aromatic ether;
oxacycle;
phenols		EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.4.3.22 (diamine oxidase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		2.2110pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline
[no description available]		2.0810
glaucine
glaucine: RN given refers to (+-)-isomer		2.1310aporphine alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitussive;
muscle relaxant;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
rat metabolite
zirconium
Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.		7.4110titanium group element atom
cysteic acid
Cysteic Acid: Beta-Sulfoalanine. An amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate. It occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.. cysteic acid : An amino sulfonic acid that is the sulfonic acid analogue of cysteine.		1.9610alanine derivative;
amino sulfonic acid;
carboxyalkanesulfonic acid;
cysteine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		animal metabolite
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		1.9610glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		7.2510taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
nornuciferine
nornuciferine: RN given refers to (+-)-isomer; structure		7.3820
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		7.2110organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		4.8232D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
allicin
[no description available]		3.5611botanical anti-fungal agent;
sulfoxide		antibacterial agent
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.		7.11103-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic
armepavine
[no description available]		2.0810
diosgenin
[no description available]		8.56113beta-sterol;
hexacyclic triterpenoid;
sapogenin;
spiroketal		antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
metabolite
aporphine
aporphine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. aporphine : An isoquinoline alkaloid that is the N-methyl derivative of 5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline.		7.0410aporphine alkaloid;
isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent;
tertiary amino compound
roemerine
roemerine: from root tubers of Stephania kwangsiensis H.S. Lo; RN given refers to (R)-isomer; synonym aporeine refers to (S)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #779		3.1950isoquinoline alkaloid
lysicamine
lysicamine: oxoaporphine alkaloid; structure in first source		2.0810alkaloid antibiotic;
oxoaporphine alkaloid		metabolite
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.2510secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
pronuciferine
pronuciferine: alkaloid; structure in first source. (+)-pronuciferine : An isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Berberis coletioides.		2.7730aromatic ether;
cyclic ketone;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		plant metabolite
arbutin
hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.0810beta-D-glucoside;
monosaccharide derivative		Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
D-fructopyranose
[no description available]		2.610cyclic hemiketal;
D-fructose;
fructopyranose		sweetening agent
potassium oxonate
potassium oxonate: used to induce hyperuricemia in mice		8.0310organic molecular entity
mitragynine
[no description available]		2.2510monoterpenoid indole alkaloid
quercetin
[no description available]		7.72207-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
rutin
Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.		2.2110disaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite
hyperoside
quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside : A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Artemisia capillaris, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity.		2.2110beta-D-galactoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glycoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
chitosan
[no description available]		7.610
glycolipids
[no description available]		2.3110
7-hydroxymitragynine
7-hydroxymitragynine: an orally active opioid analgesic from the Thai medicinal herb Mitragyna speciosa; structure in first source		2.2510alkaloid
neferine
neferine: isolated from green seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn		1.9710
peoniflorin
peoniflorin: from Radix and of Paeonia suffruticosa		4.8232
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		7.3110folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
phenanthrenes
Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.		1.9510
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		02.0810
Disbacteriosis
[description not available]		02.6920
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational
[description not available]		02.3110
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		02.3110
Diabetes, Gestational
Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.		02.3110
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		04.6570
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		02.5920
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		02.5920
Liver Steatosis
[description not available]		03.2950
Fatty Liver
Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.		03.2950
Hyperuricemia
Excessive URIC ACID or urate in blood as defined by its solubility in plasma at 37 degrees C; greater than 0.42mmol per liter (7.0mg/dL) in men or 0.36mmol per liter (6.0mg/dL) in women. This condition is caused by overproduction of uric acid or impaired renal clearance. Hyperuricemia can be acquired, drug-induced or genetically determined (LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME). It is associated with HYPERTENSION and GOUT.		03.8230
Atherogenesis
[description not available]		04.2190
Atherosclerosis
A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.		04.2190
Bladder, Overactive
[description not available]		04.7122
Nycturia
[description not available]		03.9911
Nocturia
Frequent URINATION at night that interrupts sleep. It is often associated with outflow obstruction, DIABETES MELLITUS, or bladder inflammation (CYSTITIS).		08.9911
Dysuria
Painful URINATION. It is often associated with infections of the lower URINARY TRACT.		08.9911
Urinary Bladder, Overactive
Symptom of overactive detrusor muscle of the URINARY BLADDER that contracts with abnormally high frequency and urgency. Overactive bladder is characterized by the frequent feeling of needing to urinate during the day, during the night, or both. URINARY INCONTINENCE may or may not be present.		04.7122
Colitis Gravis
[description not available]		02.610
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		03.8830
Colitis
Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.		02.610
Colitis, Ulcerative
Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.		02.610
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		03.8830
Endomyometritis
Inflammation of both the ENDOMETRIUM and the MYOMETRIUM, usually caused by infections after a CESAREAN SECTION.		02.610
Endometritis
Inflammation of the ENDOMETRIUM, usually caused by intrauterine infections. Endometritis is the most common cause of postpartum fever.		07.610
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System
[description not available]		02.610
Neuroblastoma
A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)		02.610
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.		02.610
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck
[description not available]		02.8220
Cancer of Mouth
[description not available]		02.610
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer.		02.8220
Mouth Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.		02.610
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		02.2110
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		02.2110
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic
[description not available]		02.2510
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.2510
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		02.2510
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		02.2510
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		03.6411
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		03.6411
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic
[description not available]		02.3110
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		02.3110
Hyperlipemia
[description not available]		02.3110
Hyperlipidemias
Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.		02.3110
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.		02.3110
Acute Kidney Failure
[description not available]		02.3110
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.		07.3110
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		02.5720
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		02.4110
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		07.4110
Carcinogenesis
The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.		02.3110
Cancer of Head
[description not available]		02.3110
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)		02.3110
Weight Gain
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.		02.3110
Cardiac Toxicity
[description not available]		02.3110
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		02.3110
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		02.3110
Cardiotoxicity
Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.		07.3110
Muscle Relaxation
That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.		02.1710
Ejaculatio Praecox
[description not available]		03.5611
Impotence
[description not available]		03.5611
Erectile Dysfunction
The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.		03.5611
Premature Ejaculation
The emission of SEMEN and seminal fluid during the act of preparation for sexual intercourse, i.e. before there is penetration, or shortly after penetration.		08.5611
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		02.1710
Insulin Sensitivity
[description not available]		02.1710
Insulin Resistance
Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.		02.1710
Mastitis
INFLAMMATION of the BREAST, or MAMMARY GLAND.		07.1710
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		02.2110
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		02.2110
Astrocytoma, Grade IV
[description not available]		02.2110
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		02.2110
Glioblastoma
A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.		07.2110
Injuries
Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.		02.0810
Wounds and Injuries
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.		02.0810
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		02.1110
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		02.1110
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		02.1110
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		07.1110
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		02.1310
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		01.9510
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		01.9510
Anochlesia
[description not available]		01.9510
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