nuciferine profile

Nuciferine is an aporphine alkaloid found in the leaves and stems of the lotus (Nelumbo nucifera). It has been shown to possess a variety of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. Nuciferine is also known to interact with dopamine receptors, suggesting potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Its synthesis involves the enzymatic conversion of dopamine to norlaudanosoline, followed by a series of complex steps that lead to the formation of the aporphine ring system. Research into nuciferine is driven by its potential therapeutic benefits and its unique structural characteristics. For example, it is being studied as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, nuciferine's ability to interact with dopamine receptors makes it a promising candidate for the development of new antipsychotic drugs.'

nuciferine: CNS depressant; glutamic acid antagonist; RN given refers to (R)-isomer; structure [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	10146
CHEMBL ID	464529
SCHEMBL ID	20544868
MeSH ID	M0052757

Synonym
(r)-1,2-dimethoxyaporphine
1,2-dimethoxy-6abeta-aporphine
(-)-nucipherine
sanjoinine e
nuciferin
l-nuciferine
6a-beta-aporphine, 1,2-dimethoxy-
l-5,6-dimethoxyaporphine
nuciferine
4h-dibenzo(de,g)quinoline, 5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-1,2-dimethoxy-6-methyl-, (r)-
(6ar)-1,2-dimethoxy-6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4h-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline
CHEMBL464529
475-83-2
unii-w26ueb90b7
w26ueb90b7 ,
S3821
AKOS015903258
(-)-nuciferine
4h-dibenzo(de,g)quinoline, 5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-1,2-dimethoxy-6-methyl-, (6ar)-
1,2-dimethoxy-6a.beta.-aporphine
(r)-nuciferine
d-(-)-nuciferine
Q-100504
1-5, 6-dimethoxyaporphine
6a-.beta.-aporphine, 1,2-dimethoxy-
ORJVQPIHKOARKV-OAHLLOKOSA-N
CS-4270
HY-N0049
AC-7998
mfcd01664592
(r)-1,2-dimethoxy-6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4h-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline
SCHEMBL20544868
vlt 049
Q7067904
HMS3887A19
DTXSID40963862
CCG-267422
nsc-785145
nsc785145
BS-42200
A872116
N1170

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Nuciferine (NF) is a high-quality aporphine alkaloid present in lotus leaf."	( Nuciferine, an active ingredient derived from lotus leaf, lights up the way for the potential treatment of obesity and obesity-related diseases. Ao, H; Chen, L; Peng, C; Tang, F; Wan, Y; Wu, JJ; Xia, J; Xu, JF; Yang, Y, 2022)	2.89
"Nuciferine is an amorphine alkaloid in lotus leaf that has anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering and hypoglycemic effects, so the quantitation of detected nuciferine is important."	( Electrochemical Detection of Nuciferine in the Lotus Leaf Based on Efficient Catalysis by Zirconium-MOFs. Chang, D; Feng, J; Ma, H; Pan, H; Qi, F; Qiu, R; Ren, X; Rong, S; Wu, M, 2022)	2.46
"Nuciferine is an important drug candidate for the treatment of many diseases. "	( Processing tactics for low-cost production of pure nuciferine from lotus leaf. Chu, J; Ruan, Y; Shi, J; Shi, Q; Xu, J, 2022)	2.42
"Nuciferine (NCF) is an aporphine alkaloid and a principal bioactive constituent in the lotus plant. "	( Nuciferine alleviates intestinal inflammation by inhibiting MAPK/NF-κB and NLRP3/Caspase 1 pathways in vivo and in vitro. Kulhari, U; Kundu, S; Mugale, MN; Sahu, BD, 2023)	3.8
"Nuciferine (NF) is an alkaloid isolated from Nelumbo nucifera and has been reported to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological effects. "	( Nuciferine protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced endometritis via inhibiting ferroptosis and modulating AMPKα/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling axis. Guo, J; Hu, R; Jiang, P; Zhai, Z; Zhang, K; Zhao, L, 2023)	3.8
"Nuciferine (NUC) is a main bioactive component in the lotus leaf that has been used as food in China since ancient times."	( Nuciferine modulates the gut microbiota and prevents obesity in high-fat diet-fed rats. Gong, S; Li, B; Liu, M; Qian, S; Wang, J; Wang, Y; Wei, B; Wei, M; Yao, W, 2020)	2.72
"Nuciferine is a major active aporphine alkaloid from the leaves of N. "	( Nuciferine prevents hepatic steatosis and injury induced by a high-fat diet in hamsters. Feng, R; Guan, C; Guo, F; Li, X; Li, Y; Sun, C; Wang, Y; Yang, X, 2013)	3.28
"Nuciferine is an important drug candidate for the treatment of obesity-related diseases. "	( A sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of nuciferine in rats. Gu, S; Li, Q; Li, X; Liu, G; Wang, Y; Wu, X; Zhang, J; Zhu, G, 2014)	2.06
"Nuciferine is an aporphine alkaloid extracted from lotus leaves, which is a raw material in Chinese medicinal herb for weight loss. "	( Identification of the anti-tumor activity and mechanisms of nuciferine through a network pharmacology approach. Bai, M; Cao, YB; Fan, XJ; Li, HY; Li, R; Li, S; Qi, Q; Wang, SY; Zhang, B, 2016)	2.12
"Nuciferine is an alkaloid associated with dopamine receptor blockade."	( The Blue Lotus Flower (Nymphea caerulea) Resin Used in a New Type of Electronic Cigarette, the Re-Buildable Dripping Atomizer. Halquist, MS; Mulder, HA; Peace, MR; Poklis, A; Poklis, JL; Wolf, CE, )	0.85

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Nuciferine has a significant anti-atherogenic effect by regulating the proliferation and migration of VSMCs through the Calm4/MMP12/AKT signaling pathway."	( Nuciferine attenuates atherosclerosis by regulating the proliferation and migration of VSMCs through the Calm4/MMP12/AKT pathway in ApoE Cheng, Y; Liu, Z; Qi, X; Wang, Y; Xian, C; Xiao, M; Zhang, R, 2023)	3.07
"Nuciferine has a vasorelaxant effect via both endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms. "	( Nuciferine relaxes rat mesenteric arteries through endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Cheang, WS; Huang, Y; Lai, B; Luo, Z; Ni, J; Wang, N; Wang, X; Xiao, L; Yang, H; Zhang, M; Zhang, Z, 2015)	3.3
"Nuciferine has previously been shown to exert beneficial effects in various metabolic diseases."	( Nuciferine administration in C57BL/6J mice with gestational diabetes mellitus induced by a high-fat diet: the improvement of glycolipid disorders and intestinal dysbacteriosis. Gao, P; He, Z; Huang, P; Lin, Q; Liu, S; Luo, M; Luo, T; Tang, Z; Wang, X; Zhu, J, 2021)	2.79
"Nuciferine has a significant anti-atherogenic effect by regulating the proliferation and migration of VSMCs through the Calm4/MMP12/AKT signaling pathway."	( Nuciferine attenuates atherosclerosis by regulating the proliferation and migration of VSMCs through the Calm4/MMP12/AKT pathway in ApoE Cheng, Y; Liu, Z; Qi, X; Wang, Y; Xian, C; Xiao, M; Zhang, R, 2023)	3.07
"Nuciferine (NF) has received extensive attention due to its medicinal value in the treatment of metabolic diseases, such as obesity; however, to date, the effects of NF on obesity-related intestinal permeability, autophagy and the gut microbiota have not been investigated. "	( Nuciferine improves high-fat diet-induced obesity Du, XL; Fang, ZY; Gao, XX; Li, XW; Liu, GW; Ouyang, HL; Shi, Z; Song, YX; Wang, Z; Yu, H; Zhu, YW, 2021)	3.51
"Nuciferine has a vasorelaxant effect via both endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms. "	( Nuciferine relaxes rat mesenteric arteries through endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Cheang, WS; Huang, Y; Lai, B; Luo, Z; Ni, J; Wang, N; Wang, X; Xiao, L; Yang, H; Zhang, M; Zhang, Z, 2015)	3.3

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Nuciferine treatment mitigated the pathological alterations, ameliorated inflammatory cell infiltration and improved kidney dysfunction in mice with folic acid-induced acute kidney injury. "	( Nuciferine protects against folic acid-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting ferroptosis. Cao, P; Chang, Y; Duan, X; Fan, Y; Han, B; Hao, Q; Li, D; Liu, B; Liu, M; Liu, X; Meng, Y; Nakai, A; Song, Z; Tan, K; Xu, X, 2021)	3.51

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The aim of this study was to analyse the role of two alkaloid, Protopine and Nuciferine, in the prevention and the treatment of the low and mild grade adverse events related to the use of HIVEC® (Hyperthermic IntraVEsical Chemotherapy) instillations."	( The role of Protopine associated with Nuciferine in controlling adverse events during hyperthermic intravesical chemotherapy instillations. A nutraceutical approach to control adverse event during intravesical instillations. Carrino, M; Chiancone, F; Fabiano, M; Fedelini, M; Fedelini, P; Meccariello, C; Persico, F, 2020)	1.06

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution study of nuciferine in rats."	( A sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of nuciferine in rats. Gu, S; Li, Q; Li, X; Liu, G; Wang, Y; Wu, X; Zhang, J; Zhu, G, 2014)	0.83
"Potentially eligible prototype-based PK-markers were identified in a single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetic study on TZQ in 30 healthy volunteers."	( Identify super quality markers from prototype-based pharmacokinetic markers of Tangzhiqing tablet (TZQ) based on in vitro dissolution/ permeation and in vivo absorption correlations. Du, X; He, X; Huang, Y; Li, Y; Li, Z; Liu, J; Lv, C; Wang, B; Wang, R; Zhang, D, 2018)	0.48

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The values of absolute bioavailability were (3."	( A sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of nuciferine in rats. Gu, S; Li, Q; Li, X; Liu, G; Wang, Y; Wu, X; Zhang, J; Zhu, G, 2014)	0.61
" Also the ability of each classification system to predict and determine the extent of absorption of the Chinese herbal compound was investigated based on the absolute bioavailability of representative components."	( Establishment of modified biopharmaceutics classification system absorption model for oral Traditional Chinese Medicine (Sanye Tablet). Cao, X; Dou, Z; Li, H; Liu, T; Liu, Y; Ren, X; Wang, M, 2019)	0.51
" Nuciferine is the best of the five components, with absolute bioavailability reaching 61."	( Establishment of modified biopharmaceutics classification system absorption model for oral Traditional Chinese Medicine (Sanye Tablet). Cao, X; Dou, Z; Li, H; Liu, T; Liu, Y; Ren, X; Wang, M, 2019)	1.42
"The five representative components (except for nuciferine) are all class III/IV, which correlates well with the absolute bioavailability results and demonstrates that they are poorly absorbed substances."	( Establishment of modified biopharmaceutics classification system absorption model for oral Traditional Chinese Medicine (Sanye Tablet). Cao, X; Dou, Z; Li, H; Liu, T; Liu, Y; Ren, X; Wang, M, 2019)	0.77
" Furthermore, the bioavailability of NF is obstructed due to its hydrophobicity, requiring an efficient drug delivery system, such as chitosan (CS) hydrogel."	( Nuciferine-loaded chitosan hydrogel-integrated 3D-printed polylactic acid scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: A combinatorial approach. Bharathi, R; Harini, G; Sankaranarayanan, A; Selvamurugan, N; Shanmugavadivu, A; Vairamani, M, 2023)	2.35

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" In conclusion, the present study may provide a material basis for study of the pharmacological action of nuciferine in the treatment of obesity, and meaningful insights into further study on dosage modification."	( A sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of nuciferine in rats. Gu, S; Li, Q; Li, X; Liu, G; Wang, Y; Wu, X; Zhang, J; Zhu, G, 2014)	0.83
" PLGA exhibited excellent loading capacity for NUC with adjustable dosing ratios."	( PLGA nanoparticles for the oral delivery of nuciferine: preparation, physicochemical characterization and in vitro/in vivo studies. Gu, S; Li, X; Liu, G; Liu, Y; Mi, Y; Wu, X; Zhang, B, 2017)	0.72

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Kb	0.1650	0.0000	0.0347	0.1650	AID1412497
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)	Kb	0.0653	0.0006	0.1689	1.1000	AID1412489
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)	Kb	0.0364	0.0023	0.0415	0.1120	AID1412491
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Kb	0.0378	0.0002	0.0510	0.3380	AID1412495
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Kb	0.0606	0.0000	0.0512	0.2660	AID1412496
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)	Kb	0.0310	0.0310	0.6983	1.9800	AID1412490
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron-glial cell signaling	Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell signaling	Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstriction	Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascade	Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
temperature homeostasis	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
glycolytic process	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of phospholipase C activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
memory	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine secretion	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
artery smooth muscle contraction	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of heat generation	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of potassium ion transport	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization to cytoskeleton	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fat cell differentiation	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glycolytic process	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstriction	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cell	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
sensitization	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to cocaine	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inflammatory response	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosis	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of platelet aggregation	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral fear response	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
locomotory behavior	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
feeding behavior	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
cGMP-mediated signaling	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of nervous system process	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of appetite	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fat cell differentiation	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
MAPK cascade	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of heart rate involved in baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine-epinephrine vasoconstriction involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of heart rate by epinephrine-norepinephrine	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by epinephrine-norepinephrine	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic process	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
smooth muscle contraction	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of phospholipase C activity	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adult heart development	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hormone	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of autophagy	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transduction	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascade	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of action potential	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstriction	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transport into cytosol	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein kinase C signaling	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
pilomotor reflex	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron-glial cell signaling	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell signaling	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of vasoconstriction	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transduction	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAPK cascade	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cardiac muscle contraction	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron-glial cell signaling	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell signaling	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neural crest cell migration	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokine production	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor internalization	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
heart morphogenesis	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle hypertrophy	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of phospholipase C activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
neural crest cell differentiation	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
intestine smooth muscle contraction	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphorylation	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signaling	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
cGMP-mediated signaling	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
vasoconstriction	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAP kinase activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic morphogenesis	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of behavior	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell division	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C signaling	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to temperature stimulus	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
protein binding	Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha1-adrenergic receptor activity	Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
virus receptor activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine kinase activator activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha1-adrenergic receptor activity	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activity	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activity	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha1-adrenergic receptor activity	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
G-protein alpha-subunit binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
GTPase activator activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
plasma membrane	Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
neurofilament	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
caveola	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic shaft	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
cell body fiber	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor complex	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor complex	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
caveola	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear membrane	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
caveola	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear membrane	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor complex	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (31)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID722233	Inhibition of melanogenesis in mouse B16-4A5 cells at 1 uM after 72 hrs by spectrophotometry	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3	Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1412497	Antagonist activity at human adrenergic alpha1D receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of noradrenaline-induced receptor activation preincubated for 15 mins followed by serotonin addition and measured after 1 hr by TGFalpha shedding ass	2018	MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 9, Issue:3	Synthesis and evaluation of nuciferine and roemerine enantiomers as 5-HT
AID721309	Antimelanogenic activity in mouse B16-4A5 cells assessed as inhibition of TRP2 mRNA expression at 3 uM after 72 hrs by RT-PCR analysis relative to beta-actin mRNA	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3	Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1412495	Antagonist activity at human adrenergic alpha1A receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of noradrenaline-induced receptor activation preincubated for 15 mins followed by serotonin addition and measured after 1 hr by TGFalpha shedding ass	2018	MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 9, Issue:3	Synthesis and evaluation of nuciferine and roemerine enantiomers as 5-HT
AID1412498	Selectivity ratio of Kb for human adrenergic alpha1B receptor to Kb for human adrenergic alpha1A receptor	2018	MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 9, Issue:3	Synthesis and evaluation of nuciferine and roemerine enantiomers as 5-HT
AID721312	Antimelanogenic activity in mouse B16-4A5 cells assessed as inhibition of TRP1 mRNA expression at 3 uM after 72 hrs by RT-PCR analysis relative to beta-actin mRNA	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3	Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1412496	Antagonist activity at human adrenergic alpha1B receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of noradrenaline-induced receptor activation preincubated for 15 mins followed by serotonin addition and measured after 1 hr by TGFalpha shedding ass	2018	MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 9, Issue:3	Synthesis and evaluation of nuciferine and roemerine enantiomers as 5-HT
AID721322	Inhibition of melanogenesis in mouse B16-4A5 cells at 10 uM after 72 hrs by spectrophotometry	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3	Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID721310	Antimelanogenic activity in mouse B16-4A5 cells assessed as inhibition of TRP1 mRNA expression at 30 uM after 72 hrs by RT-PCR analysis relative to beta-actin mRNA	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3	Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID722232	Inhibition of melanogenesis in mouse B16-4A5 cells at 3 uM after 72 hrs by spectrophotometry	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3	Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID721320	Inhibition of melanogenesis in mouse B16-4A5 cells at 100 uM after 72 hrs by spectrophotometry	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3	Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID721311	Antimelanogenic activity in mouse B16-4A5 cells assessed as inhibition of TRP1 mRNA expression at 10 uM after 72 hrs by RT-PCR analysis relative to beta-actin mRNA	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3	Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1412490	Antagonist activity at human 5-HT2B receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of serotonin-induced receptor activation preincubated for 15 mins followed by serotonin addition and measured after 1 hr by TGFalpha shedding assay	2018	MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 9, Issue:3	Synthesis and evaluation of nuciferine and roemerine enantiomers as 5-HT
AID721306	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at 100 uM	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3	Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1412491	Antagonist activity at human 5-HT2C receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of serotonin-induced receptor activation preincubated for 15 mins followed by serotonin addition and measured after 1 hr by TGFalpha shedding assay	2018	MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 9, Issue:3	Synthesis and evaluation of nuciferine and roemerine enantiomers as 5-HT
AID1412501	Selectivity ratio of Kb for human adrenergic alpha1A receptor to Kb for human 5-HT2A receptor	2018	MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 9, Issue:3	Synthesis and evaluation of nuciferine and roemerine enantiomers as 5-HT
AID721307	Antimelanogenic activity in mouse B16-4A5 cells assessed as inhibition of TRP2 mRNA expression at 30 uM after 72 hrs by RT-PCR analysis relative to beta-actin mRNA	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3	Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1412489	Antagonist activity at human 5-HT2A receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of serotonin-induced receptor activation preincubated for 15 mins followed by serotonin addition and measured after 1 hr by TGFalpha shedding assay	2018	MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 9, Issue:3	Synthesis and evaluation of nuciferine and roemerine enantiomers as 5-HT
AID721314	Antimelanogenic activity in mouse B16-4A5 cells assessed as inhibition of tyrosinase mRNA expression at 10 uM after 72 hrs by RT-PCR analysis relative to beta-actin mRNA	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3	Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1412492	Selectivity ratio of Kb for human 5-HT2B receptor to Kb for human 5-HT2A receptor	2018	MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 9, Issue:3	Synthesis and evaluation of nuciferine and roemerine enantiomers as 5-HT
AID721308	Antimelanogenic activity in mouse B16-4A5 cells assessed as inhibition of TRP2 mRNA expression at 10 uM after 72 hrs by RT-PCR analysis relative to beta-actin mRNA	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3	Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID721319	Inhibition of melanogenesis in mouse B16-4A5 cells after 72 hrs by spectrophotometry	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3	Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID721321	Inhibition of melanogenesis in mouse B16-4A5 cells at 30 uM after 72 hrs by spectrophotometry	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3	Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1412494	Selectivity ratio of Kb for human 5-HT2B receptor to Kb for human 5-HT2C receptor	2018	MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 9, Issue:3	Synthesis and evaluation of nuciferine and roemerine enantiomers as 5-HT
AID721318	Cytotoxicity against mouse B16-4A5 cells assessed as cell viability at 30 uM after 70 hrs by WST-8 assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3	Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1412493	Selectivity ratio of Kb for human 5-HT2C receptor to Kb for human 5-HT2A receptor	2018	MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 9, Issue:3	Synthesis and evaluation of nuciferine and roemerine enantiomers as 5-HT
AID721315	Antimelanogenic activity in mouse B16-4A5 cells assessed as inhibition of tyrosinase mRNA expression at 3 uM after 72 hrs by RT-PCR analysis relative to beta-actin mRNA	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3	Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID721317	Cytotoxicity against mouse B16-4A5 cells assessed as cell viability at 100 uM after 70 hrs by WST-8 assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3	Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1412500	Selectivity ratio of Kb for human adrenergic alpha1D receptor to Kb for human adrenergic alpha1B receptor	2018	MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 9, Issue:3	Synthesis and evaluation of nuciferine and roemerine enantiomers as 5-HT
AID721313	Antimelanogenic activity in mouse B16-4A5 cells assessed as inhibition of tyrosinase mRNA expression at 30 uM after 72 hrs by RT-PCR analysis relative to beta-actin mRNA	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 21, Issue:3	Alkaloid constituents from flower buds and leaves of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaeaceae) with melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16 melanoma cells.
AID1412499	Selectivity ratio of Kb for human adrenergic alpha1D receptor to Kb for human adrenergic alpha1A receptor	2018	MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 9, Issue:3	Synthesis and evaluation of nuciferine and roemerine enantiomers as 5-HT
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	7 (8.64)	18.7374
1990's	1 (1.23)	18.2507
2000's	2 (2.47)	29.6817
2010's	35 (43.21)	24.3611
2020's	36 (44.44)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	6 (7.23%)	5.53%
Reviews	2 (2.41%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	75 (90.36%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	1.94	1	0	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.15	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
glycine [no description available]	1.96	1	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	2.6	1	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	3.51	2	0	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
baclofen [no description available]	1.95	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant
benzbromarone Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.	2.41	1	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone	uricosuric drug
amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.	1.95	1	0	primary amine
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	1.95	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	2.07	1	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
gaboxadol gaboxadol: GABA agonist; inhibitor of GABA uptake systems; structure	1.96	1	0	oxazole
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	2.07	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	1.95	1	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.	1.95	1	0	barbiturates
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	7.41	1	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.	2.17	1	0	aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	7.17	1	0	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
muscimol Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.	1.96	1	0	alkaloid; isoxazoles; primary amino compound	fungal metabolite; GABA agonist; oneirogen; psychotropic drug
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	2.07	1	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
oxonic acid Oxonic Acid: Antagonist of urate oxidase.	3.03	1	0	1,3,5-triazines; monocarboxylic acid
phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione	2.05	1	0	acetamides; aromatic ether	cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	1.95	1	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.	2.17	1	0	aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
protopine [no description available]	4.71	2	2	dibenzazecine alkaloid	plant metabolite
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	2.36	2	0	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
uridine diphosphate Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.	7.05	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline: RN given refers to cpd with locants as specified	2.08	1	0	isoquinolines
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	1.96	1	0	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
boldine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aporphine alkaloid
kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.	7.87	4	0	dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist
flavone flavone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure given in first source. flavone : The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2.	7.04	1	0	flavones	metabolite; nematicide
bulbocapnine bulbocapnine: was heading 1975-94 (Prov 1975-90); use APORPHINES to search BULBOCAPNINE 1975-94 (as Prov 1975-94); alkaloid from Corydalis cava and other plants; induces catalepsy probably due to its antagonism of DOPAMINE. bulbocapnine : An aporphine alkaloid that has been isolated from Corydalis and exhibits inhibitory activity against enzymes such as tyrosine 3-monooxygenase and diamine oxidase.	2.13	1	0	aporphine alkaloid; aromatic ether; oxacycle; phenols	EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.22 (diamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
deoxycytidine [no description available]	2.21	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline [no description available]	2.08	1	0
glaucine glaucine: RN given refers to (+-)-isomer	2.13	1	0	aporphine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyether; tertiary amino compound	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antitussive; muscle relaxant; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; rat metabolite
zirconium Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.	7.41	1	0	titanium group element atom
cysteic acid Cysteic Acid: Beta-Sulfoalanine. An amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate. It occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.. cysteic acid : An amino sulfonic acid that is the sulfonic acid analogue of cysteine.	1.96	1	0	alanine derivative; amino sulfonic acid; carboxyalkanesulfonic acid; cysteine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	animal metabolite
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	1.96	1	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	7.25	1	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
nornuciferine nornuciferine: RN given refers to (+-)-isomer; structure	7.38	2	0
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	7.21	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	4.82	3	2	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
allicin [no description available]	3.56	1	1	botanical anti-fungal agent; sulfoxide	antibacterial agent
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	7.11	1	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
armepavine [no description available]	2.08	1	0
diosgenin [no description available]	8.56	1	1	3beta-sterol; hexacyclic triterpenoid; sapogenin; spiroketal	antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; metabolite
aporphine aporphine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. aporphine : An isoquinoline alkaloid that is the N-methyl derivative of 5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline.	7.04	1	0	aporphine alkaloid; isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent; tertiary amino compound
roemerine roemerine: from root tubers of Stephania kwangsiensis H.S. Lo; RN given refers to (R)-isomer; synonym aporeine refers to (S)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #779	3.19	5	0	isoquinoline alkaloid
lysicamine lysicamine: oxoaporphine alkaloid; structure in first source	2.08	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; oxoaporphine alkaloid	metabolite
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.25	1	0	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
pronuciferine pronuciferine: alkaloid; structure in first source. (+)-pronuciferine : An isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Berberis coletioides.	2.77	3	0	aromatic ether; cyclic ketone; isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines; organic heterotetracyclic compound	plant metabolite
arbutin hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.08	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	2.6	1	0	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
potassium oxonate potassium oxonate: used to induce hyperuricemia in mice	8.03	1	0	organic molecular entity
mitragynine [no description available]	2.25	1	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid
quercetin [no description available]	7.72	2	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	2.21	1	0	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
hyperoside quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside : A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Artemisia capillaris, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity.	2.21	1	0	beta-D-galactoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
chitosan [no description available]	7.6	1	0
glycolipids [no description available]	2.31	1	0
7-hydroxymitragynine 7-hydroxymitragynine: an orally active opioid analgesic from the Thai medicinal herb Mitragyna speciosa; structure in first source	2.25	1	0	alkaloid
neferine neferine: isolated from green seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn	1.97	1	0
peoniflorin peoniflorin: from Radix and of Paeonia suffruticosa	4.82	3	2
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	7.31	1	0	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	1.95	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Disbacteriosis [description not available]	2.69	2	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	2.31	1	0
Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.	2.31	1	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	4.65	7	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	2.59	2	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	2.59	2	0
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	3.29	5	0
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	3.29	5	0
Hyperuricemia Excessive URIC ACID or urate in blood as defined by its solubility in plasma at 37 degrees C; greater than 0.42mmol per liter (7.0mg/dL) in men or 0.36mmol per liter (6.0mg/dL) in women. This condition is caused by overproduction of uric acid or impaired renal clearance. Hyperuricemia can be acquired, drug-induced or genetically determined (LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME). It is associated with HYPERTENSION and GOUT.	3.82	3	0
Atherogenesis [description not available]	4.21	9	0
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	4.21	9	0
Bladder, Overactive [description not available]	4.71	2	2
Nycturia [description not available]	3.99	1	1
Nocturia Frequent URINATION at night that interrupts sleep. It is often associated with outflow obstruction, DIABETES MELLITUS, or bladder inflammation (CYSTITIS).	8.99	1	1
Dysuria Painful URINATION. It is often associated with infections of the lower URINARY TRACT.	8.99	1	1
Urinary Bladder, Overactive Symptom of overactive detrusor muscle of the URINARY BLADDER that contracts with abnormally high frequency and urgency. Overactive bladder is characterized by the frequent feeling of needing to urinate during the day, during the night, or both. URINARY INCONTINENCE may or may not be present.	4.71	2	2
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	3.88	3	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	2.6	1	0
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	2.6	1	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	3.88	3	0
Endomyometritis Inflammation of both the ENDOMETRIUM and the MYOMETRIUM, usually caused by infections after a CESAREAN SECTION.	2.6	1	0
Endometritis Inflammation of the ENDOMETRIUM, usually caused by intrauterine infections. Endometritis is the most common cause of postpartum fever.	7.6	1	0
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	2.6	1	0
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	2.6	1	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck [description not available]	2.82	2	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer.	2.82	2	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	2.6	1	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	2.21	1	0
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	2.25	1	0
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	3.64	1	1
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	3.64	1	1
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.31	1	0
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	2.31	1	0
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	2.31	1	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	7.31	1	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.57	2	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	7.41	1	0
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	2.31	1	0
Cancer of Head [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	2.31	1	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	2.31	1	0
Cardiac Toxicity [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	2.31	1	0
Cardiotoxicity Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.	7.31	1	0
Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.	2.17	1	0
Ejaculatio Praecox [description not available]	3.56	1	1
Impotence [description not available]	3.56	1	1
Erectile Dysfunction The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.	3.56	1	1
Premature Ejaculation The emission of SEMEN and seminal fluid during the act of preparation for sexual intercourse, i.e. before there is penetration, or shortly after penetration.	8.56	1	1
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	2.17	1	0
Mastitis INFLAMMATION of the BREAST, or MAMMARY GLAND.	7.17	1	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	2.21	1	0
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	7.21	1	0
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	2.08	1	0
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	2.08	1	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	2.11	1	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	7.11	1	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	1.95	1	0
Anochlesia [description not available]	1.95	1	0

nuciferine

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (42)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Protein Targets (6)

Other Measurements

Biological Processes (101)

Molecular Functions (14)

Ceullar Components (20)

Bioassays (31)

Research

Studies (81)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 51.03

Study Types

nuciferine

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (42)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Protein Targets (6)

Other Measurements

Biological Processes (101)

Molecular Functions (14)

Ceullar Components (20)

Bioassays (31)

Research

Studies (81)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 51.03

Study Types

Related Drugs (65)

Related Conditions (82)