cellular response to bisphenol A

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bisphenol A stimulus. [GO_REF:0000071, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:22957036]

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor that can interfere with the normal function of hormones in the body. Cellular response to BPA involves a complex interplay of signaling pathways, gene expression changes, and cellular processes. Here’s a detailed description:

1. **BPA Binding and Cellular Uptake:** BPA, due to its structural similarity to estrogen, can bind to estrogen receptors (ERs) in cells. It can also enter cells through passive diffusion.

2. **Estrogen Receptor Activation:** Upon binding to ERs, BPA can either activate or antagonize estrogen signaling. This depends on the specific ER subtype (α or β), cellular context, and BPA concentration.

3. **Signaling Pathways Modulation:** Activation of ERs by BPA can trigger a cascade of downstream signaling events, involving various signaling pathways, including:
* **Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway:** This pathway is involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. BPA can activate MAPK signaling, potentially contributing to cellular growth and proliferation.
* **Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway:** This pathway regulates cell growth, survival, and metabolism. BPA can activate PI3K/Akt signaling, promoting cell survival and growth.
* **Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway:** This pathway plays a crucial role in inflammation, immune responses, and cell survival. BPA can activate NF-κB signaling, leading to increased inflammation and potential changes in immune responses.

4. **Gene Expression Regulation:** BPA can directly regulate gene expression by binding to ERs and influencing transcription. It can alter the expression of genes involved in various processes, including:
* **Cellular growth and proliferation:** BPA can upregulate the expression of genes involved in cell cycle progression, leading to increased cell growth.
* **Hormone metabolism:** BPA can alter the expression of genes involved in hormone synthesis, metabolism, and degradation, potentially disrupting hormonal balance.
* **Immune responses:** BPA can affect the expression of genes involved in immune cell activation and cytokine production, impacting immune function.

5. **Cellular Processes:** BPA can impact various cellular processes, including:
* **Cell cycle progression:** BPA can alter the timing of cell cycle phases, potentially leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation.
* **Apoptosis (programmed cell death):** BPA can either promote or inhibit apoptosis, depending on the cellular context.
* **Mitochondrial function:** BPA can interfere with mitochondrial function, potentially affecting energy production and oxidative stress.
* **Oxidative stress:** BPA can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), contributing to oxidative stress and cellular damage.

6. **Long-term Effects:** Chronic exposure to BPA can lead to various long-term effects, including:
* **Endocrine disruption:** BPA can disrupt normal hormonal balance, leading to reproductive problems, developmental abnormalities, and metabolic disorders.
* **Cancer:** BPA has been linked to an increased risk of certain cancers, including breast, prostate, and endometrial cancer.
* **Neurodevelopmental disorders:** BPA has been associated with neurodevelopmental problems, including learning difficulties and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
* **Cardiovascular disease:** BPA has been implicated in increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to its effects on blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and inflammation.

It's crucial to note that the specific effects of BPA on cellular responses can vary significantly depending on the cell type, exposure level, duration of exposure, and individual susceptibility. Further research is needed to fully understand the complex mechanisms and long-term consequences of BPA exposure.'
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Proteins (3)

Compounds (34)