Page last updated: 2024-08-05 15:28:45
compatible osmolytes
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ChEBI ID: 23366
Members (2)
| Member | Definition | Class |
|---|---|---|
| mannitol | The D-enantiomer of mannitol. | D-mannitol |
| proline | Pyrrolidine in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group. L-Proline is the only one of the twenty DNA-encoded amino acids which has a secondary amino group alpha to the carboxyl group. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. It also helps maintain and strengthen heart muscles. | L-proline zwitterion; L-proline |
Research
Studies (33,677)
| Timeframe | Studies, Drugs with This Role(%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 12,866 (38.20) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 4,894 (14.53) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 6,736 (20.00) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 7,084 (21.04) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 2,097 (6.23) | 2.80 |
Study Types
| Publication Type | Studies, Drugs with this Role (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 1,205 (3.42%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 1,517 (4.30%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 1,088 (3.09%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 101 (0.29%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 31,337 (88.90%) | 84.16% |
Protein Targets (24)
Potency Measurements
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| activating transcription factor 6 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.6822 | 1 | 1 |
| AR protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0038 | 1 | 1 |
| Cellular tumor antigen p53 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 77.5854 | 1 | 1 |
| estrogen nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 38.1380 | 2 | 2 |
| estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 15.4803 | 1 | 1 |
| estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 9.7674 | 1 | 1 |
| geminin | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.2589 | 1 | 1 |
| GLI family zinc finger 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 7.6959 | 1 | 1 |
| glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens] | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0631 | 1 | 1 |
| lamin isoform A-delta10 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 17.8404 | 1 | 2 |
| lethal factor (plasmid) | Bacillus anthracis str. A2012 | Potency | 0.3981 | 1 | 1 |
| lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 isoform I | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.4813 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.7696 | 1 | 1 |
| potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.4813 | 1 | 1 |
| retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 43.6412 | 2 | 2 |
| TAR DNA-binding protein 43 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.4813 | 1 | 1 |
| USP1 protein, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 50.1187 | 1 | 1 |
Inhibition Measurements
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amino acid transporter | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 2,025.5000 | 2 | 2 |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 86.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 414.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Neutral amino acid transporter A | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 2,139.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Neutral amino acid transporter B(0) | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 10,000.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 1,600.0000 | 1 | 1 |
Other Measurements
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glutamate 5-kinase | Escherichia coli K-12 | I0.5 | 2.5000 | 1 | 1 |