Page last updated: 2024-09-22

fluorescein

Description

Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID16850
CHEMBL ID1057
CHEBI ID31624
SCHEMBL ID16533
MeSH IDM0029368

Synonyms (159)

Synonym
c.i. solvent yellow 94
d and c yellow no. 7
3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-1-one
2321-07-5
fluorescein
3',6'-dihydroxyspiro(isobenzofuran-1(3h),9'-(9h)xanthen)-3-one
CHEMBL1057 ,
c20h12o5
fluorescein (free acid)
diofluor
nsc667256
nsc-667256
brn 0094324
fluorescein acid
fluorescein red
soap yellow f
11712 yellow
nsc 667256
d+c yellow no. 7
3',6'-dihydroxyspiro(isobenzofuran-1(3h),9'(9h)-xanthen)-3-one
japan yellow no. 201
benzoic acid, o-(6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3h-xanthen-9-yl)-
einecs 219-031-8
c.i. 45350:1
hsdb 2128
fluoran, 3',6'-dihydroxy-
spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3h),9'-(9h)xanthen)-3-one,3'6'-dihydroxy-
3,6-dihydroxyspiro(xanthene-9,3'-phthalide)
3h-xanthen-3-one, 9-(o-carboxyphenyl)-6-hydroxy-
ci 45350:1
d & c yellow no. 7
benzoic acid, 2-(6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3h-xanthen-9-yl)-
zlut kysela 73 [czech]
ccris 7076
spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3h),9'-(9h)xanthen)-3-one, 3',6'-dihydroxy-
2-(6-hydroxy-3-oxo-(3h)-xanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid
hidacid fluorescein
resorcinolphthalein
3',6'-dihydroxy-3h-spiro[2-benzofuran-1,9'-xanthen]-3-one
9-(o-carboxyphenyl)-6-hydroxy-3-isoxanthenone
d&c yellow no. 7
3',6'-dihydroxyfluoran
CHEBI:31624 ,
yellow fluorescein
japan yellow 201
9-(o-carboxyphenyl)-6-hydroxy-3h-xanthen-3-one
3,6-fluorandiol
solvent yellow 94
fluoresceine
fluoreszein
UPCMLD-DP087:001
MOLI001003
fluorescein (free acid), dye content 95 %
DB00693
UPCMLD-DP087
NCGC00161643-02
fluorescite (tn)
D01261
fluorescein (jan/usp)
NCGC00161643-01
HMS2093F21
E89FA0B4-4844-46A2-AF9B-29ECA50E5599
inchi=1/c20h12o5/c21-11-5-7-15-17(9-11)24-18-10-12(22)6-8-16(18)20(15)14-4-2-1-3-13(14)19(23)25-20/h1-10,21-22h
gnbhrkfjiuuoqi-uhfffaoysa-
3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[2-benzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-1-one
FT-0668579
F0095
NCGC00161643-03
5-19-06-00456 (beilstein handbook reference)
ec 219-031-8
tpy09g7xir ,
unii-tpy09g7xir
zlut kysela 73
fluorescein [usp:ban:jan]
dtxsid0038887 ,
tox21_303508
dtxcid8018887
NCGC00257491-01
cas-2321-07-5
tox21_113500
pharmakon1600-01505396
nsc759114
nsc-759114
3',6'-dihydroxy-3h-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9'-xanthen]-3-one
fluorescein [usp-rs]
yellow 7 [inci]
fluorescein [ep monograph]
fluorescein [vandf]
ki201 [inci]
fluorescein [hsdb]
fluorescein [who-dd]
fluorescein [ii]
d & c yellow no. 7 k7133
acid yellow 73 [inci]
fluorescein [mart.]
fluorescein [usp monograph]
fluorescein [jan]
ki201
fluorescein [mi]
EPITOPE ID:137337
AKOS015903296
S5488
CCG-213417
SCHEMBL16533
W-107417
CS-7537
spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3h),9'-[9h]xanthen]-3-one, 3',6'-dihydroxy-
3,6-dihydroxyspiro[xanthene-9,3'-phthalide]
c.i. 45350 (salt/mix)
c.i. acid yellow 73 (salt/mix)
dihydroxyfluorane
3',6'-fluorandiol
fluorescite (salt/mix)
c.i. 45350a
diresorcinolphthalein
AB00643381_02
mfcd00005050
bdbm50237588
resorcinol phthalein
SR-05000001696-1
sr-05000001696
fluorescein, for fluorescence, free acid
fluorescein low range dna standard, fluorescein-labeled marker for dna electrophoresis
fluorescein, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
fluorescein, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
SBI-0206827.P001
HY-D0251
Q410922
3',6' dihydroxyfluoran
3',6'-dihydroxy-3h-spiro[isobenzo[b]furan-1,9'-xanthen]-3-one
AMY22388
BRD-K21913543-001-01-6
HMS3744C17
D70685
fluorescein (solvent yellow 94)
SY012645
EN300-702817
spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3h),9'-[9h]xanthene]-ar-carboxylicacid, 3',6'-dihydroxy-3-oxo-
BP-31220
3',6'-dihydroxyspiro(isobenzofuran-1(3h), 9'(9h)-xanthen)-3-one
o-(6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3h-xanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid
fluorescein (lactone form)
benzoic acid, o-(6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3h-xanthen-9-yl)-,
fluorescein lactone
spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3h),9'-(9h)xanthen-3-one, 3',6'-dihydroxy-
fluoresceina
fluorescein (mart.)
fluorescein (usp:ban:jan)
3',6'-dihydroxyfluorane
fluorescein (usp monograph)
fluorescein (usp-rs)
3',4'-dehydroxyfluoran
fluorescein (ep monograph)
fluorescein (ii)
d&c yellow no 7
11712 yellow9-(o-carboxyphenyl)-6-hydroxy-3h-xanthen-3-one
c.i. 45350 (free acid)
3',6'-dihydroxy-3h-spiro(2-benzofuran-1,9'-xanthen)-3-one
benzoic acid, 2-(6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3h-xanthen-9-yl)-,

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Fluorescein is an agent that accumulates in areas of blood-brain barrier breakdown and is commonly used in neurosurgical oncology to assist with lesion localization and visualizing the extent of resection. "( Amankulor, NM; Habib, A; Jaman, E; Mallela, AN; Zhang, X; Zinn, PO, 2023)
"Fluorescein is a helpful microsurgical tool in guiding surgical resection and in the localization of intramedullary spinal lesions."( Chatain, GP; Finn, M; Serva, S; Ung, TH; Witt, JP, 2022)
"Fluorescein fluorescence is a handy tool to detect the pathological tissue in stereotactic brain biopsy and may improve its diagnostic accuracy and expedite the procedure."( Ahmad, F; Kaif, M; Khan, KA; Kumar Singh, R; Singh, AK; Singh, DK; Yadav, K, 2023)
"Fluorescein is a fluorescent dye used as a diagnostic tool in various fields of medicine. "( Dvořák, A; Klán, P; Martínek, M; Muchová, L; Šebej, P; Šranková, M; Vítek, L, 2022)
"Fluorescein angiography is an important and frequently used diagnostic tool in ophthalmological practice. "( Bouman, AC; de Kruijf, D; Emmen, JMA; Faes, MC; Groot, MJCK; Rettig, TCD, 2019)
"Fluorescein is an inexpensive fluorescent lymphatic tracer."( Agarwal, A; Agarwal, G; Agrawal, V; Chand, G; Gambhir, S; Mayilvaganan, S; Mishra, A; Mishra, SK; Valiveru, RC, 2020)
"Fluorescein is a helpful supplement in the neurosurgical treatment of cerebral metastases."( Halle, B; Hansen, RW; Kofoed, MS; Kristensen, BW; Markovic, L; Pedersen, CB; Poulsen, FR; Schulz, MK, 2022)
"Fluorescein guidance is a feasible tool for defining surgical entry zones when aiming for surgical removal of spinal cord and brain stem lesions. "( Stummer, W; Suero Molina, E, 2018)
"Fluorescein sodium is a safe dye; it can be used to aid in precise localization and safe maximal resection of the pathologic tissue with the help of a blue light source at any center with challenged resources. "( Ginjupally, DR; Gollapudi, PR; Kotha, AR; Mohammed, I; Pittala, SR; Reddycherla, NR, 2018)
"Fluorescein is a chemical dye frequently used in eye diseases to assess blood flow in the retina, choroid tissue, and iris. "( Aydin, I; Kalkan, A; Turedi, S, 2015)
"Fluorescein sodium is a fluorescent tracer used for retinal and neurosurgical angiography but not yet for lymphatic supermicrosurgery."( Ayestaray, B; Bekara, F, 2015)
"Fluorescein is a representative green fluorophore that has been widely used as a scaffold of practically useful green fluorescent probes. "( Egawa, T; Hanaoka, K; Hirabayashi, K; Kamiya, M; Komatsu, T; Nagano, T; Takayanagi, T; Terai, T; Toki, Y; Uchiyama, M; Ueno, T; Urano, Y; Yoshida, K, 2015)
"Fluorescein dye is a sensitive test for determining native mastectomy skin flap viability after autologous reconstruction; however, viability is underpredicted. "( Carlson, GW; Losken, A; Schaefer, TG; Styblo, TM, 2008)
"Fluorescein is a fluorochrome dye occasionally administered by intrathecal injection to identify and localize cerebrospinal fluid leaks. "( Dilger, JA; Hebl, JR; Jacob, AK, 2008)
"Fluorescein sodium is a fluorescent molecule that has been used specifically in ophthalmology for the treatment of retinal angiography. "( Cohen-Gadol, AA; Rey-Dios, R, 2013)
"Fluorescein is a marker-dye customary applied to the evaluation of tight-junctional permeability of epithelial cell monolayers. "( Hagiwara, K; Konishi, Y; Shimizu, M, 2002)
"Fluorescein is a widely used fluorescent probe in DNA analysis. "( Gryczynski, I; Lakowicz, JR; Malicka, J, 2003)
"Fluorescein is a simple and rapid means of evaluating traumatized intestine, and it may prove to be a useful adjunct to the clinical examination."( Brotman, S; Cowley, RA; Marzella, L; Mayer, J, 1984)
"[fluorescein Lys3]SP is an agonist at the human NK1 receptor, with an affinity for both the high-affinity and low-affinity binding states of the receptor approximately 6-fold lower than that of substance P."( Daniel, S; Fong, TM; Longmore, J; Mazina, KE; Sirotina, A; Strader, CD; Tota, MR, 1994)
"Fluorescein is an effective dye for immediate and transient localization of trans-scleral transplants to the subretinal space. "( Cox, C; Das, T; del Cerro, C; del Cerro, M; DiLoreto, DA, 1997)
"Fluorescein and Cy3 are an important donor-acceptor pair of fluorophores; the characteristic Förster length for this pair on DNA is 56 A, so the pair can be used to study relatively long distances."( Grainger, RJ; Lilley, DM; Norman, DG; Uhrín, D, 2000)
"Oral fluorescein angiography is an efficient and highly sensitive tool for the detection of macular oedema. "( Kritzinger, EE; Razvi, FM; Ryder, RE; Tsaloumas, MD, 2001)
"Fluorescein angiography is a routine procedure in ophthalmology. "( Mole, T, 1991)
"Fluorescein angiography is an application of the physical phenomenon of fluorescence, which is phosphorescence in which the quantum mechanical decay curve is so rapid that it appears instantaneous, and it consequently has no afterglow. "( Wolfe, DR, 1986)

Effects

ExcerptReference
"Fluorescein has a significantly low distribution in the brain (contrast with the level in adipose tissue indicates the low ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier)."( Bures, J; Kopacova, M; Kunes, M; Kvetina, J; Malakova, J; Rejchrt, S, 2010)
"Fluorescein has an extremely low luminescence intensity in acidic aqueous media. "( Jung, DY; Kang, C; Kang, D; Kim, HJ; Suh, M, 2003)
"Fluorescein dye has been used for tumour detection in colon, stomach, breast and brain."( Bhatt, K; Gupta, SD; Kharbanda, OP; Kumawat, R; Mishra, D; Pandey, RM; Qaiser, D; Sood, A; Srivastava, A; Yadav, R, 2020)
"Fluorescein has recently been reintroduced into neurosurgery, and novel microscope systems are available for visualizing this fluorochrome, which highlights all perfused tissues but has limited selectivity for tumor detection."( Brokinkel, B; Ehrhardt, A; Ewelt, C; Stummer, W; Suero Molina, E; Wölfer, J, 2018)
"Fluorescein has been found as an efficient visible-light-induced oxidase mimic and its catalytic performance is group-dependent. "( Gao, C; Liao, B; Liu, L; Shi, Y; Sun, C; Tang, M; Zhang, X; Zheng, H, 2019)
"Fluorescein has been used for rapid and sensitive detection of fish skin and corneal ulceration. "( Davis, MW; Noga, EJ; Stephenson, J, 2008)
"This fluorescein variant has two readily accessible functional groups (aniline NH2 and phenol OH) that can be activated or blocked independently and can serve, for instance, as a fluorescent bridge between two different recognition motifs."( Avadisian, M; Fletcher, S; Gradinaru, CC; Gunning, PT; Liu, B, 2009)
"Fluorescein has a significantly low distribution in the brain (contrast with the level in adipose tissue indicates the low ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier)."( Bures, J; Kopacova, M; Kunes, M; Kvetina, J; Malakova, J; Rejchrt, S, 2010)
"Fluorescein has also been conjugated to rat plasma proteins."( HESS, EL; SCHAYER, RW; SCHILLER, AA, 1953)
"Fluorescein has an extremely low luminescence intensity in acidic aqueous media. "( Jung, DY; Kang, C; Kang, D; Kim, HJ; Suh, M, 2003)
"Fluorescein has been used for many years in medicine for diagnostic purposes and is widely safe, albeit intravenous bolus injection may cause serious adverse reactions. "( O'goshi, K; Serup, J, 2006)
"Fluorescein sodium has been used in 13 cases, and achieved effective stainability in all cases."( Kataoka, K; Okuda, T; Taneda, M, 2007)
"Fluorescein staining has been used to assess the viability of many tissues, and in the present study discolouration was compared with fluorescein staining."( Holmström, A, 1984)
"Fluorescein has been shown to meet these requirements."( Brunning, S; Chadwick, P; Cunningham, M; Durrant, I; Eccleston, L, 1995)
"Fluorescein has been shown not to hinder the hairpin formation and to give an additional protection against nucleases."( Chinsky, L; Jollès, B; Laigle, A; Réfrégiers, M, 1996)
"Fluorescein has been used in the field of neurosurgery; however, fluorescein enhancement or contrast proved to be inadequate because of a lack of appropriate light sources or filters. "( Kajimoto, Y; Kuroiwa, T; Ohta, T, 1998)
"Fluorescein has proved to be consistent and reliable, and the dermofluorometer has the advantage of using smaller fluorescein doses that can be frequently repeated."( Reinisch, JF; Sloan, GM, 1985)

Actions

ExcerptReference
"Fluorescein did not cause any significant change in the NITBUT of HK-Chinese and the instillation of fluorescein in one eye does not affect the NITBUT of the fellow eye."( Brown, B; Cho, P; Lau, C, 1996)

Roles (2)

RoleDescription
radioopaque mediumA substance having the property of absorbing, and therefore being opaque to, electromagnetic radiation, particularly X-rays.
fluorescent dyenull
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (6)

ClassDescription
xanthene dyeA dye derived by condensation of phthalic anhydride with resorcinol (and derivatives) or m-aminophenol (and derivatives).
gamma-lactoneA lactone having a five-membered lactone ring.
polyphenolMembers of the class of phenols that contain 2 or more benzene rings each of which is substituted by at least one hydroxy group.
oxaspiro compoundA spiro compound in which at least one of the cyclic components is an oxygen heterocyle.
2-benzofurans
organic heteropentacyclic compound
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (35)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency29.90330.003245.467312,589.2998AID2517
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.00940.004023.8416100.0000AID485290
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1Homo sapiens (human)Potency47.55950.125919.1169125.8920AID2549; AID504841
Chain A, Ferritin light chainEquus caballus (horse)Potency35.48135.623417.292931.6228AID485281
acetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.56380.002541.796015,848.9004AID1347398
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunitHomo sapiens (human)Potency43.64653.189029.884159.4836AID1224846
SMAD family member 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency35.59640.173734.304761.8120AID1346859; AID1346924; AID1347035
SMAD family member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency35.59640.173734.304761.8120AID1346859; AID1346924; AID1347035
Microtubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.63100.180013.557439.8107AID1460
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.34000.000221.22318,912.5098AID743035; AID743036; AID743040; AID743053; AID743063
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)Homo sapiens (human)Potency54.48270.000657.913322,387.1992AID1259377; AID1259378
progesterone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency54.48270.000417.946075.1148AID1346784; AID1346795
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]Homo sapiens (human)Potency30.27980.000214.376460.0339AID720691; AID720692; AID720719
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency76.95880.003041.611522,387.1992AID1159553
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.21450.000817.505159.3239AID1159527; AID1159531
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency5.53780.001530.607315,848.9004AID1224841; AID1224842; AID1259401
farnesoid X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.71160.375827.485161.6524AID743217; AID743220; AID743239
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency21.68990.005428.02631,258.9301AID1346982
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency27.58530.000229.305416,493.5996AID743069; AID743075; AID743078; AID743079
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)Potency26.10140.001024.504861.6448AID743212; AID743215; AID743227
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.98500.001019.414170.9645AID743094; AID743140; AID743191
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency17.63000.023723.228263.5986AID743222; AID743223; AID743241
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency10.00000.035520.977089.1251AID504332
aryl hydrocarbon receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency21.68990.000723.06741,258.9301AID743085
activating transcription factor 6Homo sapiens (human)Potency41.24340.143427.612159.8106AID1159516; AID1159519
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.34550.154917.870243.6557AID1346877; AID1346891
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency48.972219.739145.978464.9432AID1159509
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)Homo sapiens (human)Potency34.09540.057821.109761.2679AID1159526; AID1159528
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency28.93420.540617.639296.1227AID2528
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency51.05300.000323.4451159.6830AID743065; AID743067
heat shock protein beta-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency29.97580.042027.378961.6448AID743210; AID743228
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.55730.000627.21521,122.0200AID743202; AID743219
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency30.77890.031622.3146100.0000AID588579
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency29.90330.251215.843239.8107AID504327
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency38.18180.002319.595674.0614AID651631; AID720552
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (124)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ER overload responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
somitogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell proliferation involved in immune responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
B cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-excision repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
autophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrestCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transductionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
gastrulationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein localizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA replicationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
determination of adult lifespanCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
rRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to salt stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substanceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to X-rayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
viral processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellum developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signalingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomeraseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation in thymusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of tissue remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UVCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeabilityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiodCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial DNA repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to antibioticCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
circadian behaviorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
bone marrow developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic organ developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of helicase activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome organizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic stem cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
type II interferon-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac septum morphogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell deathCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
necroptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ionizing radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-CCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to actinomycin DCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replicative senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative stress-induced premature senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oligodendrocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of G1 to G0 transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA processingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of pentose-phosphate shuntCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fibroblast apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (34)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
core promoter sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
TFIID-class transcription factor complex bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protease bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
p53 bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase regulator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
MDM2/MDM4 family protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
disordered domain specific bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
general transcription initiation factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
molecular function activator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
promoter-specific chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (19)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
nuclear bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replication forkCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
centrosomeCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
PML bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
site of double-strand breakCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
germ cell nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatinCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (5)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1422649Binding affinity to Escherichia coli SurA at 5 nM by fluorescence anisotropy2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 28, Issue:22
Identification of inhibitors of the E. coli chaperone SurA using in silico and in vitro techniques.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (5,873)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-1990828 (14.10)18.7374
1990's1072 (18.25)18.2507
2000's1707 (29.07)29.6817
2010's1738 (29.59)24.3611
2020's528 (8.99)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials283 (4.55%)5.53%
Reviews148 (2.38%)6.00%
Case Studies224 (3.60%)4.05%
Observational30 (0.48%)0.25%
Other5,529 (88.98%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research Highlights

Safety/Toxicity (72)

ArticleYear
Safety and efficacy of cyclosporine (0.05% versus 0.09%) in dry eye disease. Is it the strength of cyclosporin that really matters?
Nepalese journal of ophthalmology : a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal of the Nepal Ophthalmic Society : NEPJOPH, Volume: 14, Issue: 28
2022
Efficacy and safety of topical 2% rebamipide ophthalmic suspension in dry eye disease at tertiary care centre.
Indian journal of ophthalmology, Volume: 71, Issue: 4
2023
Efficacy and Safety of a Water-Free Topical Cyclosporine, 0.1%, Solution for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Dry Eye Disease: The ESSENCE-2 Randomized Clinical Trial.
JAMA ophthalmology, 05-01, Volume: 141, Issue: 5
2023
Efficacy and Safety of Amniotic Membrane Transplantation Combined with Closure of Tenon Capsule and Bulbar Conjunctival Space in the Treatment of Primary Pterygium.
Contrast media & molecular imaging, Volume: 2022
2022
Efficacy and Safety of Single-dose OC-02 (Simpinicline Solution) Nasal Spray on Signs and Symptoms of Dry Eye Disease: The PEARL Phase II Randomized Trial.
Clinical therapeutics, Volume: 44, Issue: 9
2022
Efficacy and Safety of the Long-Acting Diquafosol Ophthalmic Solution DE-089C in Patients with Dry Eye: A Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study.
Advances in therapy, Volume: 39, Issue: 8
2022
The efficacy and safety of intrathecal fluorescein in endoscopic cerebrospinal fluid leak repair -a systematic review.
Auris, nasus, larynx, Volume: 49, Issue: 6
2022
Supratentorial high-grade gliomas: maximal safe anatomical resection guided by augmented reality high-definition fiber tractography and fluorescein.
Neurosurgical focus, Volume: 51, Issue: 2
2021
The Effectiveness and Safety of Intrathecal Fluorescein in the Management of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks.
American journal of rhinology & allergy, Volume: 35, Issue: 6
2021
Intra-operative fluorescein videoangiography-related nephrotoxicity in intracranial aneurysm surgery: Single center, observational cohort study.
Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, Volume: 203
2021
A Randomized Clinical Study (SEECASE) to Assess Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of NOV03 for Treatment of Dry Eye Disease.
Cornea, Sep-01, Volume: 40, Issue: 9
2021
Targeted acetylcholinesterase-responsive drug carriers with long duration of drug action and reduced hepatotoxicity.
International journal of nanomedicine, Volume: 14
2019
Corneal histomorphometric analysis: The depth of damage induced in the bovine cornea correlates with the severity of the ocular toxicity.
Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA, Volume: 61
2019
Regulation of CAR T cell-mediated cytokine release syndrome-like toxicity using low molecular weight adapters.
Nature communications, 06-18, Volume: 10, Issue: 1
2019
Surgery of malignant motor-eloquent gliomas guided by sodium-fluorescein and navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation: a novel technique to increase the maximal safe resection.
Journal of neurosurgical sciences, Volume: 63, Issue: 6
2019
How Safe is the Use of Intrathecal Fluorescein? An Experimental Study.
Turkish neurosurgery, Volume: 29, Issue: 4
2019
A Clinical Phase II Study to Assess Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Waterfree Cyclosporine Formulation for Treatment of Dry Eye Disease.
Ophthalmology, Volume: 126, Issue: 6
2019
Safety and feasibility of low-dose fluorescein-guided resection of glioblastoma.
Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, Volume: 175
2018
One-Year Efficacy and Safety of 0.1% Cyclosporine a Cationic Emulsion in the Treatment of Severe Dry Eye Disease.
European journal of ophthalmology, Nov-08, Volume: 27, Issue: 6
2017
An Observational Study to Determine Whether Routinely Sending Patients Home With a 24-Hour Supply of Topical Tetracaine From the Emergency Department for Simple Corneal Abrasion Pain Is Potentially Safe.
Annals of emergency medicine, Volume: 71, Issue: 6
2018
Safe intrathecal fluorescein use for identification of cerebrospinal fluid leaks: Case-report and perioperative algorithm description.
Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, Volume: 64, Issue: 9
2017
Fluorescent Formazans and Tetrazolium Salts - Towards Fluorescent Cytotoxicity Assays.
Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening, Volume: 19, Issue: 5
2016
Randomized, Multicenter, Double-Blind Study of the Safety and Efficacy of 1%D-3-Hydroxybutyrate eye drops for Dry Eye Disease.
Scientific reports, Feb-11, Volume: 6
2016
SkQ1 Ophthalmic Solution for Dry Eye Treatment: Results of a Phase 2 Safety and Efficacy Clinical Study in the Environment and During Challenge in the Controlled Adverse Environment Model.
Advances in therapy, Volume: 33, Issue: 1
2016
Clinical Effects and Safety of 3% Diquafosol Ophthalmic Solution for Patients With Dry Eye After Cataract Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
American journal of ophthalmology, Volume: 163
2016
Results of a Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Visomitin Eye Drops in Patients with Dry Eye Syndrome.
Advances in therapy, Volume: 32, Issue: 12
2015
Efficacy and Safety of Topical Atorvastatin for the Treatment of Dry Eye Associated with Blepharitis: A Pilot Study.
Ophthalmic research, Volume: 54, Issue: 1
2015
Efficacy and safety of topical diquafosol ophthalmic solution for treatment of dry eye: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials.
Cornea, Volume: 34, Issue: 6
2015
Thromboembolic injury and systemic toxicity induced by nicotine in mice.
General physiology and biophysics, Volume: 33, Issue: 3
2014
Safety and efficacy of oral fluorescein angiography in detecting macular edema in comparison with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.
Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.), Volume: 33, Issue: 8
2013
Halogenation generates effective modulators of amyloid-Beta aggregation and neurotoxicity.
PloS one, Volume: 8, Issue: 2
2013
Flow cytometric evaluation of nanoparticles using side-scattered light and reactive oxygen species-mediated fluorescence-correlation with genotoxicity.
Environmental science & technology, Jul-17, Volume: 46, Issue: 14
2012
EXTEND III: efficacy and safety of ranibizumab in South Korean and Taiwanese patients with subfoveal CNV secondary to AMD.
Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, Volume: 250, Issue: 10
2012
Safety and efficacy of topical azithromycin ophthalmic solution 1.0% in the treatment of contact lens-related dry eye.
Eye & contact lens, Volume: 38, Issue: 2
2012
[Safety evaluation of new anticancer chemotherapy administration system: compared to the results from a former study-].
Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy, Volume: 38, Issue: 9
2011
Utilization of fluorescein for identification and preservation of the facial nerve and semicircular canals for safe mastoidectomy: a proof of concept laboratory cadaveric study.
Neurosurgery, Volume: 66, Issue: 1
2010
Toxicity of organic fluorophores used in molecular imaging: literature review.
Molecular imaging, Volume: 8, Issue: 6
2009
Inhibition of Abeta aggregation and neurotoxicity by the 39-kDa receptor-associated protein.
Journal of neurochemistry, Volume: 112, Issue: 5
2010
The safety of intravenous fluorescein for confocal laser endomicroscopy in the gastrointestinal tract.
Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, Volume: 31, Issue: 5
2010
Cytotoxicity testing of multipurpose contact lens solutions using monolayer and stratified cultures of human corneal epithelial cells.
Eye & contact lens, Volume: 35, Issue: 6
2009
Visible light induced photodegradation and phototoxicity of phloxine B and uranine.
Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES, Volume: 21, Issue: 5
2008
Evaluation of the side effects and image quality during fluorescein angiography comparing 2 mL and 5 mL sodium fluorescein.
Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie, Volume: 43, Issue: 5
2008
Corneal epithelial testing strategies for safety evaluation of ophthalmic formulations.
Cutaneous and ocular toxicology, Volume: 26, Issue: 4
2007
Adverse effect of cyclosporin A on barrier functions of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells after hypoxia-reoxygenation damage in vitro.
Cellular and molecular neurobiology, Volume: 27, Issue: 7
2007
Safety of low-dose intrathecal fluorescein in endoscopic cranial base surgery.
Neurosurgery, Volume: 61, Issue: 3 Suppl
2007
Solution toxicity in soft contact lens daily wear is associated with corneal inflammation.
Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry, Volume: 84, Issue: 4
2007
Anaerobic glycolysis protection against 1-methy-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) toxicity in C6 glioma cells.
Neurochemical research, Volume: 32, Issue: 6
2007
In vitro assessment of medical device toxicity: interactions of benzalkonium chloride with silicone-containing and p-hema-containing hydrogel contact lens materials.
Eye & contact lens, Volume: 33, Issue: 1
2007
Safety of sodium fluorescein for in vivo study of skin.
Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI), Volume: 12, Issue: 3
2006
Pharmacological profile and toxicity of fluorescein-labelled sinistrin, a novel marker for GFR measurements.
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, Volume: 373, Issue: 3
2006
Efficacy and safety of 0.18% sodium hyaluronate in patients with moderate dry eye syndrome and superficial keratitis.
Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, Volume: 243, Issue: 6
2005
Comparison of dyes for cataract surgery. Part 1: cytotoxicity to corneal endothelial cells in a rabbit model.
Journal of cataract and refractive surgery, Volume: 31, Issue: 4
2005
Double-masked, placebo-controlled safety and efficacy trial of diquafosol tetrasodium (INS365) ophthalmic solution for the treatment of dry eye.
Cornea, Volume: 23, Issue: 8
2004
Chitosan nanoparticles as new ocular drug delivery systems: in vitro stability, in vivo fate, and cellular toxicity.
Pharmaceutical research, Volume: 21, Issue: 5
2004
Water-soluble polycationic dendrimers with a phosphoramidothioate backbone: preliminary studies of cytotoxicity and oligonucleotide/plasmid delivery in human cell culture.
Oligonucleotides, Volume: 13, Issue: 4
2003
Intravitreal sodium fluorescein enhances visualization of clear vitreous during vitreous surgery for macular hole: a safety and efficacy study.
Clinical & experimental ophthalmology, Volume: 32, Issue: 1
2004
A simple corneal perfusion chamber for drug penetration and toxicity studies.
The British journal of ophthalmology, Volume: 85, Issue: 4
2001
Charge-dependent interaction of self-emulsifying oil formulations with Caco-2 cells monolayers: binding, effects on barrier function and cytotoxicity.
International journal of pharmaceutics, Dec-15, Volume: 211, Issue: 1-2
2000
Cyclosporine toxicity in renal transplant recipients detected by nailfold capillaroscopy with Na-fluorescein.
Kidney international, Volume: 58, Issue: 6
2000
Phototoxicity from systemic sodium fluorescein.
Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.), Volume: 20, Issue: 4
2000
Tolerability and safety of 0.1% diclofenac plus 0.3% tobramycin fixed-dose ophthalmic solution: a randomized, comparative, controlled study in healthy volunteers.
Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology, Volume: 21, Issue: 3
1999
Efficacy and safety of fluorescein angiography with orally administered sodium fluorescein.
American journal of ophthalmology, Volume: 126, Issue: 4
1998
Acute toxicity of fluorescein to turbot (Scophthalmus maximus).
Veterinary and human toxicology, Volume: 37, Issue: 6
1995
Effect of sodium fluorescein on neurite outgrowth from the retinal explant culture: an in vitro model for retinal toxicity.
Brain research, Volume: 313, Issue: 1
1983
A permeability test for acute corneal toxicity.
Toxicology letters, Volume: 31, Issue: 2
1986
Microcytotoxicity assay for platelet antibodies using fresh and frozen fluorescein-labeled target platelets.
Diagnostic and clinical immunology, Volume: 5, Issue: 2
1987
[Fluorescein and its adverse effects].
Ceskoslovenska oftalmologie, Volume: 45, Issue: 5
1989
Oral fluorescein angiography: reassessment of its relative safety and evaluation of optimum conditions with use of capsules.
The British journal of ophthalmology, Volume: 74, Issue: 8
1990
The safety of intravenous fluorescein administration.
Annals of plastic surgery, Volume: 26, Issue: 6
1991
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Long-term Use (6)

ArticleYear
The Effect of Long-Term Use of an Eyewash Solution on the Ocular Surface Mucin Layer.
International journal of molecular sciences, Oct-13, Volume: 20, Issue: 20
2019
Colored and fluorescent nanofibrous silk as a physically transient chemosensor and vitamin deliverer.
Scientific reports, 07-14, Volume: 7, Issue: 1
2017
Long-term rebamipide and diquafosol in two cases of immune-mediated dry eye.
Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry, Volume: 92, Issue: 4 Suppl 1
2015
Low-dose azithromycin improves phagocytosis of bacteria by both alveolar and monocyte-derived macrophages in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease subjects.
Respirology (Carlton, Vic.), Volume: 17, Issue: 5
2012
Topical nonpreserved methylprednisolone therapy for keratoconjunctivitis sicca in Sjögren syndrome.
Ophthalmology, Volume: 106, Issue: 4
1999
Effect of continued treatment with timolol maleate on corneal endothelium: a fluorophotometric study.
Cornea, Volume: 17, Issue: 6
1998
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Pharmacokinetics (72)

ArticleYear
Quantitative intravitreal pharmacokinetics in mouse as a step towards inter-species translation.
Experimental eye research, Volume: 235
2023
Fluorescein clearance kinetics in blood and bile indicates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 08-01, Volume: 323, Issue: 2
2022
The Role of Different Tear Volume Detection Methods in the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Mild Dry Eye Disease.
Translational vision science & technology, 03-02, Volume: 11, Issue: 3
2022
Single-photon peak event detection (SPEED): a computational method for fast photon counting in fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy.
Optics express, Nov-08, Volume: 29, Issue: 23
2021
Broad-Band Spectrum, High-Sensitivity Absorbance Spectroscopy in Picoliter Volumes.
Analytical chemistry, 06-01, Volume: 93, Issue: 21
2021
Pharmacokinetics of intravitreal macromolecules: Scaling between rats and rabbits.
European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Apr-01, Volume: 159
2021
Highly Sensitive Analysis in Capillary Electrophoresis Using Large-volume Sample Stacking with an Electroosmotic Flow Pump Combined with Field-amplified Sample Injection.
Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry, Aug-10, Volume: 35, Issue: 8
2019
Photography-based method for assessing fluorescein clearance test in dogs.
BMC veterinary research, Sep-03, Volume: 14, Issue: 1
2018
Evaluating tear clearance rate with optical coherence tomography.
Contact lens & anterior eye : the journal of the British Contact Lens Association, Volume: 41, Issue: 1
2018
Positron emission tomography (PET) guided glioblastoma targeting by a fullerene-based nanoplatform with fast renal clearance.
Acta biomaterialia, 10-01, Volume: 61
2017
Minimising instilled volume reduces the impact of fluorescein on clinical measurements of tear film stability.
Contact lens & anterior eye : the journal of the British Contact Lens Association, Volume: 40, Issue: 3
2017
Clearance Kinetics and Clearance Routes of Molecules From the Suprachoroidal Space After Microneedle Injection.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 01-01, Volume: 58, Issue: 1
2017
Visualization of Tear Clearance Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography and Polymethylmethacrylate Particles.
Cornea, Volume: 35 Suppl 1
2016
Effects of Pringle maneuver and partial hepatectomy on the pharmacokinetics and blood-brain barrier permeability of sodium fluorescein in rats.
Brain research, Aug-27, Volume: 1618
2015
A novel technique of contrast-enhanced optical coherence tomography imaging in evaluation of clearance of lipids in human tears.
PloS one, Volume: 9, Issue: 11
2014
Basal values, intra-day and inter-day variations in tear film osmolarity and tear fluorescein clearance.
Current eye research, Volume: 39, Issue: 7
2014
New method for evaluation of early phase tear clearance by anterior segment optical coherence tomography.
Acta ophthalmologica, Volume: 92, Issue: 2
2014
Toward 10,000-fold sensitivity improvement of oligosaccharides in capillary electrophoresis using large-volume sample stacking with an electroosmotic flow pump combined with field-amplified sample injection.
Electrophoresis, Volume: 34, Issue: 16
2013
Fluorescent dye imaging of the volume sampled by single well forced-gradient tracer tests evaluated in a laboratory-scale aquifer physical model.
Journal of contaminant hydrology, Feb-01, Volume: 128, Issue: 1-4
2012
Mixing subattolitre volumes in a quantitative and highly parallel manner with soft matter nanofluidics.
Nature nanotechnology, Oct-30, Volume: 7, Issue: 1
2011
Pharmacokinetics and organ distribution of fluorescein in experimental pigs: an input study for confocal laser endomicroscopy of the gastrointestinal tract.
Neuro endocrinology letters, Volume: 31 Suppl 2
2010
Flow injection small-volume fiber-optic pH sensor based on evanescent wave excitation and fluorescence determination.
Journal of fluorescence, Volume: 21, Issue: 3
2011
Thoracoscopic findings and pharmacokinetics of inhaled fluorescein in a pig model.
Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases, Volume: 80, Issue: 3
2010
Episcleral clearance of sodium fluorescein from a bioerodible sub-tenon's implant in the rat.
Experimental eye research, Volume: 90, Issue: 4
2010
Gradient, contact-free volume transfers minimize compound loss in dose-response experiments.
Journal of biomolecular screening, Volume: 15, Issue: 1
2010
Double sample preconcentration by in-line coupled large volume single drop microextraction and sweeping in capillary electrophoresis.
Electrophoresis, Volume: 30, Issue: 11
2009
Effect of ocular surface reconstruction by using amniotic membrane transplant for symptomatic conjunctivochalasis on fluorescein clearance test results.
Cornea, Volume: 27, Issue: 6
2008
Blood volume is normal after pre-operative overnight fasting.
Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, Volume: 52, Issue: 4
2008
Experience with sodium fluorescein flow cytometry in the determination of red cell volume.
International journal of laboratory hematology, Volume: 31, Issue: 2
2009
Modelling ocular pharmacokinetics of fluorescein administered as lyophilisate or conventional eye drops.
European journal of clinical pharmacology, Volume: 64, Issue: 5
2008
Delayed tear clearance in patients with conjunctivochalasis is associated with punctal occlusion.
Cornea, Volume: 26, Issue: 3
2007
Parallel mixing of photolithographically defined nanoliter volumes using elastomeric microvalve arrays.
Electrophoresis, Volume: 26, Issue: 19
2005
The Effect of instilled fluorescein solution volume on the values and repeatability of TBUT measurements.
Cornea, Volume: 24, Issue: 7
2005
Small-volume rapid-mix device for subsecond kinetic analysis in flow cytometry.
Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, Volume: 67, Issue: 1
2005
A randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, multicenter comparison of loteprednol etabonate ophthalmic suspension, 0.5%, and placebo for treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in patients with delayed tear clearance.
American journal of ophthalmology, Volume: 138, Issue: 3
2004
Validation of an ocular microdialysis technique in rabbits with permanently implanted vitreous probes: systemic and intravitreal pharmacokinetics of fluorescein.
International journal of pharmaceutics, Aug-20, Volume: 281, Issue: 1-2
2004
Effect of linoleic acid and gamma-linolenic acid on tear production, tear clearance and on the ocular surface after photorefractive keratectomy.
Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, Volume: 241, Issue: 7
2003
Extracellular glutamate increases in the lateral hypothalamus during meal initiation, and GABA peaks during satiation: microdialysis measurements every 30 s.
Behavioral neuroscience, Volume: 117, Issue: 2
2003
Changes of cell volume and nitric oxide concentration in macula densa cells caused by changes in luminal NaCl concentration.
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, Volume: 13, Issue: 11
2002
Quantitative in vitro comparison of fluorescein delivery to the eye via impregnated paper strip and volumetric techniques.
Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry, Volume: 79, Issue: 7
2002
[Changes in blood volume during acute normovolemic hemodilution with 5% albumin or 6% hydroxyethylstarch and intraoperative retransfusion].
Der Anaesthesist, Volume: 50, Issue: 8
2001
Delayed tear clearance in contact lens associated papillary conjunctivitis.
Current eye research, Volume: 22, Issue: 4
2001
Effects of laser in situ keratomileusis on tear production, clearance, and the ocular surface.
Ophthalmology, Volume: 108, Issue: 7
2001
The effect of punctal occlusion on tear production, tear clearance, and ocular surface sensation in normal subjects.
American journal of ophthalmology, Volume: 131, Issue: 3
2001
Ocular pharmacokinetics in rabbits using a novel dual probe microdialysis technique.
Experimental eye research, Volume: 72, Issue: 3
2001
Correlation of the Schirmer 1 and fluorescein clearance tests with the severity of corneal epithelial and eyelid disease.
Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960), Volume: 118, Issue: 12
2000
A standardized visual scale for evaluation of tear fluorescein clearance.
Ophthalmology, Volume: 107, Issue: 7
2000
Effects of ethanol volume percent on fluorescein-labeled spinach apo- and holocalmodulin.
Analytical chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 72, Issue: 1
2000
Tear fluid gelatinase B activity correlates with IL-1alpha concentration and fluorescein clearance in ocular rosacea.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, Volume: 40, Issue: 11
1999
Correlation of tear fluorescein clearance and Schirmer test scores with ocular irritation symptoms.
Ophthalmology, Volume: 106, Issue: 4
1999
First clinical implications of perioperative red cell volume measurement with a nonradioactive marker (sodium fluorescein).
Anesthesia and analgesia, Volume: 87, Issue: 6
1998
Plasma clearance of cholyl-lysyl-fluorescein: a pilot study in humans.
Journal of hepatology, Volume: 27, Issue: 6
1997
Drug distribution in the vitreous humor of the human eye: the effects of intravitreal injection position and volume.
Current eye research, Volume: 16, Issue: 7
1997
The LightCycler: a microvolume multisample fluorimeter with rapid temperature control.
BioTechniques, Volume: 22, Issue: 1
1997
Fluorescence-based classification of microsatellites using a single-wavelength semiautomatic sequencer: genotype assignment and identity tests by analysis of comigrating peak profiles.
Electrophoresis, Volume: 16, Issue: 10
1995
Internal fluorescence labeling with fluorescent deoxynucleotides in two-label peak-height encoded DNA sequencing by capillary electrophoresis.
Nucleic acids research, Sep-25, Volume: 22, Issue: 19
1994
Blood volume determination with sodium fluorescein and radioactive chromium--a clinical comparison of methods.
Infusionstherapie und Transfusionsmedizin, Volume: 21, Issue: 3
1994
The effect of fluorescein volume on lacrimal outflow transit time.
Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery, Volume: 10, Issue: 4
1994
Pharmacokinetics of fluorescein-labelled glycosaminoglycans and of their lipoprotein lipase-inducing activity in the rat.
Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 32, Issue: 8
1982
Some aspects of the pharmacokinetics of fluorescein in normal and in diabetic subjects.
International journal of microcirculation, clinical and experimental, Volume: 2, Issue: 3
1983
Plasma pharmacokinetics and interstitial diffusion of macromolecules in a capillary bed.
The American journal of physiology, Volume: 246, Issue: 1 Pt 2
1984
Two-compartment model for plasma pharmacokinetics in individual blood vessels.
Journal of pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics, Volume: 12, Issue: 4
1984
Pharmacokinetics and distribution of a fluoresceinated glycosaminoglycan, sulodexide, in rats. Part I: Pharmacokinetics in rats.
Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 35, Issue: 10
1985
Studies on the pharmacokinetics of fluorescein and its dilaurate ester under the conditions of the fluorescein dilaurate test.
Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 35, Issue: 3
1985
Clearance of a topically applied fluorescein gel from periodontal pockets.
Journal of clinical periodontology, Volume: 17, Issue: 9
1990
Clearance of fluorescein incorporated into microspheres from the cornea and aqueous after subconjunctival injection.
Ophthalmic surgery, Volume: 21, Issue: 12
1990
Clearance of sodium fluorescein incorporated into microspheres from the vitreous after intravitreal injection.
Ophthalmic surgery, Volume: 22, Issue: 3
1991
[A new method for the determination of circulating blood volume--erythrocyte marking with sodium fluorescein].
Infusionstherapie (Basel, Switzerland), Volume: 18, Issue: 3
1991
Effect of eledoisin on tear volume and tear flow in humans as assessed by fluorophotometry.
Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, Volume: 229, Issue: 6
1991
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioavailability (37)

ArticleYear
Oil-free eye drops containing Cyclosporine A/cyclodextrin/PVA supramolecular complex as a treatment modality for dry eye disease.
Carbohydrate polymers, Dec-01, Volume: 297
2022
Drug delivery of 6-bromoindirubin-3'-glycerol-oxime ether employing poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)-based nanoencapsulation techniques with sustainable solvents.
Journal of nanobiotechnology, Jan-04, Volume: 20, Issue: 1
2022
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate Chitosan Nanoparticles in Oral Drug Delivery Studies.
Trends in pharmacological sciences, Volume: 41, Issue: 10
2020
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Molecular pharmacology, Volume: 96, Issue: 5
2019
Chitosan-based nanomicelle as a novel platform for targeted delivery of methotrexate.
International journal of biological macromolecules, Apr-01, Volume: 126
2019
En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries.
Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, Feb-25, Issue: 108
2016
A New Spray Device to Deliver Topical Ocular Medication: Penetration of Fluorescein to the Anterior Segment.
Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Volume: 31, Issue: 9
2015
Cell penetrating peptide (CPP)-conjugated desferrioxamine for enhanced neuroprotection: synthesis and in vitro evaluation.
Bioconjugate chemistry, Nov-19, Volume: 25, Issue: 11
2014
Semifluorinated alkanes as a liquid drug carrier system for topical ocular drug delivery.
European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V, Volume: 88, Issue: 1
2014
Comparison of suprachoroidal drug delivery with subconjunctival and intravitreal routes using noninvasive fluorophotometry.
PloS one, Volume: 7, Issue: 10
2012
Controlled delivery of nanosuspensions from osmotic pumps: zero order and non-zero order kinetics.
Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, Mar-28, Volume: 158, Issue: 3
2012
Thiolated polycarbophil/glutathione: defining its potential as a permeation enhancer for oral drug administration in comparison to sodium caprate.
Drug delivery, Volume: 18, Issue: 6
2011
Online monitoring of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in an apparatus for combined dissolution and permeation testing.
International journal of pharmaceutics, Jun-15, Volume: 392, Issue: 1-2
2010
Increased NO bioavailability in aging male rats by genistein and exercise training: using 4, 5-diaminofluorescein diacetate.
Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E, Sep-07, Volume: 7
2009
5-Aminolaevulinic acid peptide prodrugs enhance photosensitization for photodynamic therapy.
Molecular cancer therapeutics, Volume: 7, Issue: 6
2008
Modelling ocular pharmacokinetics of fluorescein administered as lyophilisate or conventional eye drops.
European journal of clinical pharmacology, Volume: 64, Issue: 5
2008
[Bioavailability and influncing factors of self-designed powder needleless injection system on rabbits].
Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica, Volume: 42, Issue: 4
2007
Transport kinetics of iron chelators and their chelates in Caco-2 cells.
Pharmaceutical research, Volume: 23, Issue: 2
2006
Control of pulmonary absorption of water-soluble compounds by various viscous vehicles.
International journal of pharmaceutics, Sep-10, Volume: 282, Issue: 1-2
2004
Characterization of TAT-mediated transport of detachable kinase substrates.
Biochemistry, Jul-06, Volume: 43, Issue: 26
2004
The potential of nasal application for delivery to the central brain-a microdialysis study of fluorescein in rats.
European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Volume: 21, Issue: 2-3
2004
Bioavailability of fluorescein from a new drug delivery system in human eyes.
The British journal of ophthalmology, Volume: 88, Issue: 1
2004
Fractional contribution of lung, nasal and gastrointestinal absorption to the systemic level following nose-only aerosol exposure in rats: a case study of 3.7- micro m fluorescein aerosols.
Archives of toxicology, Volume: 77, Issue: 6
2003
A comparative bioavailability study of three conventional eye drops versus a single lyophilisate.
The British journal of ophthalmology, Volume: 87, Issue: 4
2003
Transepithelial transport of fluorescein in Caco-2 cell monolayers and use of such transport in in vitro evaluation of phenolic acid availability.
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, Volume: 66, Issue: 11
2002
Lyophilisates for drug delivery in ophthalmology: pharmacokinetics of fluorescein in the human anterior segment.
The British journal of ophthalmology, Volume: 86, Issue: 10
2002
Matrix metalloproteinase (2, 9, and 14) expression, localization, and activity in ovine corpora lutea throughout the estrous cycle.
Biology of reproduction, Volume: 66, Issue: 4
2002
Enhanced pulmonary absorption following aerosol administration of mucoadhesive powder microspheres.
Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, Nov-09, Volume: 77, Issue: 1-2
2001
Charge-dependent interaction of self-emulsifying oil formulations with Caco-2 cells monolayers: binding, effects on barrier function and cytotoxicity.
International journal of pharmaceutics, Dec-15, Volume: 211, Issue: 1-2
2000
Simultaneous use of sodium deoxycholate and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate enhances the cellular transport of poorly absorbed compounds across Caco-2 cell monolayers.
The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, Volume: 51, Issue: 1
1999
Renin inhibition by substituted piperidines: a novel paradigm for the inhibition of monomeric aspartic proteinases?
Chemistry & biology, Volume: 6, Issue: 3
1999
Binding and uptake of biodegradable poly-DL-lactide micro- and nanoparticles in intestinal epithelia.
European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Volume: 6, Issue: 2
1998
Drug distribution in the vitreous humor of the human eye: the effects of intravitreal injection position and volume.
Current eye research, Volume: 16, Issue: 7
1997
In situ measurement of fluorescein release by collagen shields in human eyes.
Current eye research, Volume: 13, Issue: 4
1994
Studies on the pharmacokinetics of fluorescein and its dilaurate ester under the conditions of the fluorescein dilaurate test.
Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 35, Issue: 3
1985
Effect of intracanalicular collagen implants on the absorption of topically applied sodium fluorescein.
Cornea, Volume: 10, Issue: 6
1991
Use of fluorometry in assessing the efficacy of a cation-sensitive gel as an ophthalmic vehicle: comparison with scintigraphy.
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, Volume: 81, Issue: 7
1992
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Dosage (79)

ArticleYear
Results of Intraoperative Sodium Fluorescein Video Angiography and Its Repeated Use in a Series of Brain Aneurysm Surgeries.
Turkish neurosurgery, Volume: 33, Issue: 5
2023
A phase 2a, double-masked, randomized, vehicle-controlled trial of VVN001 in subjects with dry eye disease.
The ocular surface, Volume: 28
2023
Efficacy and Safety of the Long-Acting Diquafosol Ophthalmic Solution DE-089C in Patients with Dry Eye: A Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study.
Advances in therapy, Volume: 39, Issue: 8
2022
The efficacy and safety of intrathecal fluorescein in endoscopic cerebrospinal fluid leak repair -a systematic review.
Auris, nasus, larynx, Volume: 49, Issue: 6
2022
A Randomized Clinical Study (SEECASE) to Assess Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of NOV03 for Treatment of Dry Eye Disease.
Cornea, Sep-01, Volume: 40, Issue: 9
2021
Regulation of CAR T cell-mediated cytokine release syndrome-like toxicity using low molecular weight adapters.
Nature communications, 06-18, Volume: 10, Issue: 1
2019
A Clinical Phase II Study to Assess Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Waterfree Cyclosporine Formulation for Treatment of Dry Eye Disease.
Ophthalmology, Volume: 126, Issue: 6
2019
Fluorescein sodium-guided resection of a cerebellar lymphoma: case report and literature review.
British journal of neurosurgery, Volume: 37, Issue: 4
2023
Combined Fluorescence Using 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and Fluorescein Sodium at Glioblastoma Border: Intraoperative Findings and Histopathologic Data About 3 Newly Diagnosed Consecutive Cases.
World neurosurgery, Volume: 122
2019
Elucidating the kinetics of sodium fluorescein for fluorescence-guided surgery of glioma.
Journal of neurosurgery, 09-07, Volume: 131, Issue: 3
2018
Fluorescent Detection of Merlin-deficient Schwann Cells and Primary Human Vestibular Schwannoma Cells Using Sodium Fluorescein.
Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology, Volume: 39, Issue: 8
2018
Distribution of fluorescein sodium and triamcinolone acetonide in the simulated liquefied and vitrectomized Vitreous Model with simulated eye movements.
European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nov-15, Volume: 109
2017
Precision Ocular Drug Delivery Via Aerosol Ring Vortices.
Pharmaceutical research, Volume: 34, Issue: 11
2017
Safe intrathecal fluorescein use for identification of cerebrospinal fluid leaks: Case-report and perioperative algorithm description.
Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, Volume: 64, Issue: 9
2017
Intravenous fluorescein angiography-associated adverse reactions.
Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie, Volume: 51, Issue: 5
2016
Combination screening in vitro identifies synergistically acting KP372-1 and cytarabine against acute myeloid leukemia.
Biochemical pharmacology, Oct-15, Volume: 118
2016
A lower dose of fluorescein sodium is more suitable for confocal laser endomicroscopy: a feasibility study.
Gastrointestinal endoscopy, Volume: 84, Issue: 6
2016
A new hexapeptide from the leader peptide of rMnSOD enters cells through the oestrogen receptor to deliver therapeutic molecules.
Scientific reports, Jan-04, Volume: 6
2016
A novel approach of optical biopsy using probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy for peritoneal metastasis.
Surgical endoscopy, Volume: 30, Issue: 8
2016
Sensitivity and specificity of intrathecal fluorescein and white light excitation for detecting intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak in endoscopic skull base surgery: a prospective study.
Journal of neurosurgery, Volume: 124, Issue: 3
2016
The Effects of Increasing Ocular Surface Stimulation on Blinking and Tear Secretion.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, Volume: 56, Issue: 8
2015
Fused-filament 3D printing (3DP) for fabrication of tablets.
International journal of pharmaceutics, Dec-10, Volume: 476, Issue: 1-2
2014
Suprachoroidal delivery in a rabbit ex vivo eye model: influence of drug properties, regional differences in delivery, and comparison with intravitreal and intracameral routes.
Molecular vision, Volume: 19
2013
Generation of chemical concentration gradients in mobile droplet arrays via fragmentation of long immiscible diluting plugs.
Analytical chemistry, Feb-19, Volume: 85, Issue: 4
2013
The exogenous fluorophore, fluorescein, enables in vivo assessment of the gastrointestinal mucosa via confocal endomicroscopy: optimization of intravenous dosing in the dog model.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, Volume: 36, Issue: 5
2013
Comparison of suprachoroidal drug delivery with subconjunctival and intravitreal routes using noninvasive fluorophotometry.
PloS one, Volume: 7, Issue: 10
2012
Rebamipide (OPC-12759) in the treatment of dry eye: a randomized, double-masked, multicenter, placebo-controlled phase II study.
Ophthalmology, Volume: 119, Issue: 12
2012
Determining rates of epithelial solute transport by optical measurement of fluorochrome concentration gradients in the unstirred layer.
The Journal of experimental biology, Sep-01, Volume: 215, Issue: Pt 17
2012
Effect of topically applied epithelial sodium channel inhibitors on tear production in normal mice and in mice with induced aqueous tear deficiency.
Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Volume: 28, Issue: 4
2012
Cross-linking with ultraviolet-a and riboflavin reduces corneal permeability.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, Nov-29, Volume: 52, Issue: 12
2011
A simultaneous iris angiography technique in pigmented rabbits.
Ophthalmic research, Volume: 47, Issue: 2
2012
Fl-DFO molecules@mesoporous silica materials: highly sensitive and selective nanosensor for dosing with iron ions.
Journal of colloid and interface science, Jun-01, Volume: 358, Issue: 1
2011
Smart polymeric nanofibers for topical delivery of levothyroxine.
Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques, Volume: 13, Issue: 3
2010
Development of a PDMS-based microchip electrophoresis device for continuous online in vivo monitoring of microdialysis samples.
Electrophoresis, Volume: 31, Issue: 8
2010
Gradient, contact-free volume transfers minimize compound loss in dose-response experiments.
Journal of biomolecular screening, Volume: 15, Issue: 1
2010
High-frequency topical cyclosporine 0.05% in the treatment of severe dry eye refractory to twice-daily regimen.
Cornea, Volume: 28, Issue: 10
2009
Inhibition of anti-fluorescent probe monoclonal antibody by long-chain amphiphiles.
Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces, Jan-01, Volume: 75, Issue: 1
2010
Folate targeting enables durable and specific antitumor responses from a therapeutically null tubulysin B analogue.
Cancer research, Dec-01, Volume: 68, Issue: 23
2008
Italian multicentre study on intrathecal fluorescein for craniosinusal fistulae.
Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale, Volume: 28, Issue: 4
2008
Comparison of in vitro eye irritation potential by bovine corneal opacity and permeability (BCOP) assay to erythema scores in human eye sting test of surfactant-based formulations.
Cutaneous and ocular toxicology, Volume: 27, Issue: 2
2008
Quantitating the concentration of Py-Im polyamide-fluorescein conjugates in live cells.
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 18, Issue: 22
2008
ORAC-fluorescein assay to determine the oxygen radical absorbance capacity of resveratrol complexed in cyclodextrins.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-26, Volume: 56, Issue: 6
2008
Ophthalmic cyclosporine use in ocular GVHD.
Cornea, Volume: 25, Issue: 6
2006
Comparative in vivo mucoadhesion studies of thiomer formulations using magnetic resonance imaging and fluorescence detection.
Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, Sep-28, Volume: 115, Issue: 1
2006
Pharmacological profile and toxicity of fluorescein-labelled sinistrin, a novel marker for GFR measurements.
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, Volume: 373, Issue: 3
2006
In vitro bioassay of endotoxin using fluorescein as a pH indicator in a macrophage cell culture system.
Yonsei medical journal, Apr-30, Volume: 46, Issue: 2
2005
A prototype microfluidic platform for miniaturization and automation of serial dilution and dose-response assays.
Assay and drug development technologies, Volume: 1, Issue: 1 Pt 1
2002
[Complications of lumbar administration of 5% sodium fluorescein solution for detection of cerebrospinal fluid fistula].
Laryngo- rhino- otologie, Volume: 82, Issue: 12
2003
Corneal punctate staining with latanoprost, bimatoprost, and travoprost in healthy subjects.
Journal of glaucoma, Volume: 12, Issue: 6
2003
Tolerance of ocular iontophoresis in healthy volunteers.
Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Volume: 19, Issue: 2
2003
How well can a T-cell epitope replace its parent carrier protein? A dose-response study.
Pharmaceutical research, Volume: 20, Issue: 4
2003
Highly enhanced permeability of blood-brain barrier induced by repeated administration of endothelin-1 in dogs and rats.
Pharmacology & toxicology, Volume: 92, Issue: 1
2003
Isolation of a peptide for targeted drug delivery into human head and neck solid tumors.
Cancer research, Dec-01, Volume: 60, Issue: 23
2000
Insecticidal activity of photoactive dyes to American and migratory grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae).
Journal of economic entomology, Volume: 93, Issue: 3
2000
A comparative study of betaxolol and dorzolamide effect on ocular circulation in normal-tension glaucoma patients.
Ophthalmology, Volume: 107, Issue: 3
2000
Oral dosage forms fabricated by three dimensional printing.
Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, May-03, Volume: 66, Issue: 1
2000
Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin for choroidal neovascularization caused by age-related macular degeneration: results of retreatments in a phase 1 and 2 study.
Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960), Volume: 117, Issue: 9
1999
Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin for choroidal neovascularization caused by age-related macular degeneration: results of a single treatment in a phase 1 and 2 study.
Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960), Volume: 117, Issue: 9
1999
Dose-dependent increase of transcapillary diffusion of sodium fluorescein after histamine microinjections.
VASA. Zeitschrift fur Gefasskrankheiten, Volume: 28, Issue: 2
1999
Fatal anaphylactic shock during a fluorescein angiography.
Forensic science international, Mar-15, Volume: 100, Issue: 1-2
1999
The effect of fluorescein on the accuracy of blood glucose determination by glucose meters.
Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica, Volume: 77, Issue: 2
1999
Cerebrospinal fluid fistulae in a canine model.
Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Volume: 117, Issue: 5
1997
Fluorophotometry with a small animal adapter.
Japanese journal of ophthalmology, Volume: 40, Issue: 3
1996
Tetrandrine inhibits breakdown of blood-aqueous barrier induced by endotoxin and interleukin-1 alpha in rats.
Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics,Fall, Volume: 12, Issue: 3
1996
Dose-response effects of radiation on the permeability of endothelial cells in culture.
Radiation research, Volume: 146, Issue: 3
1996
Quantitative flow cytometry reveals a hierarchy of glucocorticoid effect on cell surface mouse mammary tumor virus gp52.
The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology, Volume: 57, Issue: 1-2
1996
The validation of a new vascular damage assay for photodynamic therapy agents.
Photochemistry and photobiology, Volume: 62, Issue: 5
1995
The effect of oral dexamethasone on the circadian rhythm of aqueous humor flow in humans.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, Volume: 35, Issue: 3
1994
Platelet GPIIb/IIIa receptor occupancy studies using a novel fluoresceinated cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp peptide.
Thrombosis research, Mar-15, Volume: 77, Issue: 6
1995
Development of a colon delivery capsule and the pharmacological activity of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in beagle dogs.
The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, Volume: 47, Issue: 6
1995
Pharmacokinetics of fluorescein-labelled glycosaminoglycans and of their lipoprotein lipase-inducing activity in the rat.
Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 32, Issue: 8
1982
Pharmacokinetics and distribution of a fluoresceinated glycosaminoglycan, sulodexide, in rats. Part II: Organ distribution in rats.
Arzneimittel-Forschung, Volume: 35, Issue: 10
1985
Quantitation of antigen in tissue by immunofluorescence image analysis.
Journal of immunological methods, Nov-13, Volume: 124, Issue: 1
1989
Permeabilized hepatocyte couplets. Adenosine triphosphate-dependent bile canalicular contractions and a circumferential pericanalicular microfilament belt demonstrated.
Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology, Volume: 65, Issue: 2
1991
Oral fluorescein angiography and fluoroscopy: determination of plasma fluorescein levels and clinical application.
Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry, Volume: 69, Issue: 12
1992
[The effect of dosage on oral fluorescein angiography of the fundus].
[Zhonghua yan ke za zhi] Chinese journal of ophthalmology, Volume: 28, Issue: 3
1992
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Interactions (10)

ArticleYear
Efficacy and Safety of Amniotic Membrane Transplantation Combined with Closure of Tenon Capsule and Bulbar Conjunctival Space in the Treatment of Primary Pterygium.
Contrast media & molecular imaging, Volume: 2022
2022
An investigation into the effects of ocular nebulization combined with meibomian gland massage on ocular surface status and corneal higher-order aberrations for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction.
Acta ophthalmologica, Volume: 100, Issue: 3
2022
Application of fluorescein combined with methylene blue in sentinel lymph node biopsy of breast cancer.
Scientific reports, 06-09, Volume: 11, Issue: 1
2021
Highly Sensitive Analysis in Capillary Electrophoresis Using Large-volume Sample Stacking with an Electroosmotic Flow Pump Combined with Field-amplified Sample Injection.
Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry, Aug-10, Volume: 35, Issue: 8
2019
The Role of Drug-Drug Interactions in Hydrogel Delivery Systems: Experimental and Model Study.
Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry, Jun-03, Volume: 17, Issue: 11
2016
Effectiveness of Autologous Serum Eye Drops Combined With Punctal Plugs for the Treatment of Sjögren Syndrome-Related Dry Eye.
Cornea, Volume: 34, Issue: 10
2015
Autologous fibrin membrane combined with solid platelet-rich plasma in the management of perforated corneal ulcers: a pilot study.
JAMA ophthalmology, Volume: 131, Issue: 6
2013
Parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) combined with a 10-day multiscreen Caco-2 cell culture as a tool for assessing new drug candidates.
Die Pharmazie, Volume: 63, Issue: 3
2008
Food-drug interaction between ferulic acid and nateglinide involving the fluorescein/H+ cotransport system.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-06, Volume: 53, Issue: 7
2005
Intravenous hydroxyethylrutosides combined with long-term oral anticoagulation in atherosclerotic nonreconstructable critical leg ischemia: a retrospective study.
Angiology, Volume: 50, Issue: 6
1999
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Natural Sources (1)

ArticleYear
Dissolvable microneedles based on Panax notoginseng polysaccharide for transdermal drug delivery and skin dendritic cell activation.
Carbohydrate polymers, Sep-15, Volume: 268
2021
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]