captopril profile

Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, a type of medication used primarily to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and heart failure. It works by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a powerful vasoconstrictor, which reduces the pressure on blood vessels. Captopril was the first ACE inhibitor developed and synthesized, and its discovery revolutionized the treatment of hypertension. It is synthesized in a multi-step process involving a chiral resolution step to obtain the desired enantiomer. The importance of captopril lies in its effectiveness in treating cardiovascular diseases, its contribution to the development of the entire ACE inhibitor class of drugs, and its role in research and clinical trials. Captopril is studied extensively for its various pharmacological effects, therapeutic applications, and potential for drug interactions. It is also used in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, and in some cases, it can be combined with other antihypertensive drugs for better control of blood pressure. Research into captopril continues to explore its potential in various medical conditions and its role in understanding the intricate mechanisms of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.'

Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	44093
CHEMBL ID	1560
CHEBI ID	3380
SCHEMBL ID	4
MeSH ID	M0003319

Synonym
(2s)-1-(3-mercapto-2-methylpropionyl)-l-proline
1-(d-3-mercapto-2-methyl-1-oxopropyl)-l-proline (s,s)
aceplus
sq 14225
1-((2s)-3-mercapto-2-methylpropionyl)-l-proline
1-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid, 1-(d-3-mercapto-2-methyl-1-propionyl)-, l-(s,s)-
d-3-mercapto-2-methylpropionylproline
acepril
sa 333
c9h15no3s
captoprilum [inn-latin]
lopril
lopirin [switzerland]
3-mercapto-2-methylpropionyl-proline
l-proline, 1-(3-mercapto-2-methyl-1-oxopropyl)-, (s)-
asisten
alopresin
isopresol
acediur
einecs 263-607-1
hsdb 6527
l-proline, 1-((2s)-3-mercapto-2-methyl-1-oxopropyl)-
MLS001076488
AB00052156-16
BRD-K54529596-001-04-0
MLS000069484 ,
smr000059061
DIVK1C_000208
KBIO1_000208
1-[(2s)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl]-l-proline
sq-14225
capoten
captolane
dilabar
garranil
captril
tensoprel
captoprilum
(2s)-1-[(2s)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
apopril
hypertil
CHEBI:3380 ,
lopirin
acepress
captopryl
captoril
tenosbon
d-2-methyl-3-mercaptopropanoyl-l-proline
tensiomin
d-3-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl-l-proline
cesplon
tensobon
EU-0100302
SPECTRUM_000688
PRESTWICK_103
NCGC00015235-01
lopac-c-4042
BSPBIO_000057
BSPBIO_002976
IDI1_000208
LOPAC0_000302
BPBIO1_000063
SPECTRUM5_001587
SMP1_000056
x8z ,
l-captopril
UPCMLD-DP003:001
sq14534
BIM-0050290.0001
chembl1560 ,
sq 14,225
bdbm21642
C06867
62571-86-2
captopril
captopril, meets usp testing specifications
DB01197
1J37
UPCMLD-DP003
nsc719847
D00251
apopril (tn)
capoten (tn)
captopril (jp17/usp/inn)
PRESTWICK3_000019
NCGC00023654-04
NCGC00023654-05
NCGC00023654-06
KBIOGR_001321
KBIOSS_001168
KBIO2_006304
KBIO2_003736
KBIO3_002196
KBIO2_001168
SPECTRUM4_000811
SPECTRUM3_001388
SPBIO_001022
SPECTRUM2_001211
NINDS_000208
SPECTRUM1500682
NCGC00023654-09
NCGC00023654-03
NCGC00023654-07
NCGC00023654-08
NCGC00015235-02
captopril, >=98% (hplc), powder
(s)-1-(3-mercapto-2-methyl-1-oxo-propyl)-l-proline
HMS2092I12
C 4042 ,
AC-12047
HMS2089P19
NCGC00023654-10
HMS500K10
hypopress
zapto
nsc-757419
mepha
captomax
sa-333
sq -14225
c09aa01
farcopril
HMS1921C12
STK802012
AKOS005622581
NCGC00023654-11
HMS3260N06
HMS2095C19
HMS3259G10
(2s)-1-((2s)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
nsc757419
BCP9000485
pharmakon1600-01500682
dtxcid9017197
tox21_110890
dtxsid1037197 ,
HMS2233I04
CCG-39104
novocaptopril
nsc 757419
9g64rsx1xd ,
captopril [usan:usp:inn:ban:jan]
unii-9g64rsx1xd
LP00302
captopril [inn]
captopril [usp impurity]
captopril [orange book]
captopril [usp monograph]
captopril [hsdb]
captopril [who-dd]
captoprilum [who-ip latin]
captopril [usan]
captopril [usp-rs]
captopril [mi]
captopril [ep monograph]
captopril [who-ip]
captopril [mart.]
captopril [jan]
captopril [vandf]
EPITOPE ID:114065
S2051
gtpl5158
BBL033600
EI-213
HY-B0368
CS-2425
1-[(2s)-3-mercapto-2-methyl-1-oxopropyl]-l-proline
1-[(s)-3-mercapto-2-methyl-1-oxopropyl]-l-proline
NC00554
SCHEMBL4
NCGC00023654-13
tox21_110890_1
KS-5025
tox21_500302
NCGC00260987-01
1-[(2s)-3-mercapto-2-methylpropionyl]-l-proline
l-proline, 1-[(2s)-3-mercapto-2-methyl-1-oxopropyl]-
AC-32120
AB00052156_17
OPERA_ID_1041
AB00052156_18
captopril, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
sa333
sr-01000000039
SR-01000000039-2
captopril, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
captopril, pharmaceutical secondary standard; certified reference material
captopril for system suitability, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
sr-01000075603
SR-01000075603-1
SR-01000075603-3
SBI-0050290.P004
HMS3712C19
((s)-3-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl)-l-proline
captopril, british pharmacopoeia (bp) reference standard
(s)-1-((s)-3-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
Q421119
captopril,(s)
BRD-K54529596-001-15-6
SDCCGSBI-0050290.P006
NCGC00023654-25
capoten;l-captopril
NCGC00023654-26
captopril for system suitability
1-[(2s)-3-mercapto-2-methyl-1-oxopropyl]-l-proline
HB3636
(s)-1-((s)-3-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylicacid
EN300-118718
Z1269124804
captopril (usan:usp:inn:ban:jan)
captopril (ep monograph)
captopril (usp impurity)
captopril (usp monograph)
captopril (mart.)
captopril (usp-rs)
captorpil
captoprilum (inn-latin)
lopirin (switzerland)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Captopril (CP) is a widely used antihypertensive drug. Captopril is a New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 7.9μM.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Captopril is a New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 7.9μM. "	( Simplified captopril analogues as NDM-1 inhibitors. Bai, C; Chen, Y; Guo, Y; He, D; Li, L; Li, N; Wang, J; Wang, L; Wang, T; Xia, Q; Xie, N; Xu, F; Xu, Y; Yang, C; Yin, Z; Zhang, Q; Zhou, HG, 2014)	2.23
"Captopril is a promising dentin bonding primer for improving bonding durability."	( Captopril inhibits matrix metalloproteinase activity and improves dentin bonding durability. Deng, S; Shu, C; Wang, Y; Xu, Y; Zhang, D; Zheng, X, 2022)	3.61
"Captopril (CP) is a widely used antihypertensive drug. "	( Quantitative detection of captopril in urine by smartphone-assisted ratiometric fluorescence sensing platform. Chen, L; Cui, D; Han, L; Jiang, W; Li, X; Liu, T; Niu, N; Yi, J, 2022)	2.46
"Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that prevents angiotensin I (ATI) from being converted to angiotensin II (ATII). "	( The Role of Polymers and Excipients for Better Gastric Retention of Captopril. Das, U; Kalidindi, DV; Nagpal, K; Singh, PK; Wadhwa, P, 2022)	2.4
"Captopril is a potent inhibitor of the angiotensin converting enzyme."	( The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril attenuates testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats; a mechanistic approach. Azab, SS; El-Demerdash, E; Mantawy, EM; Mostafa, F, 2019)	1.5
"Captopril (CAP) is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) that is widely used to treat diseases such as hypertension and heart failure."	( Attenuation of Human Lysozyme Amyloid Fibrillation by ACE Inhibitor Captopril: A Combined Spectroscopy, Microscopy, Cytotoxicity, and Docking Study. Bhunia, A; Han, J; Jin, L; Liu, C; Liu, M; Siebert, HC; Yan, M; Zhang, N; Zhang, Q; Zhang, R, 2021)	1.58
"Captopril is a well-characterized, FDA-approved drug that has demonstrated promise as a repurposed oncology therapeutic. "	( Captopril inhibits Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and extends survival as a temozolomide adjuvant in an intracranial gliosarcoma model. Brem, H; Casaos, J; Huq, S; Mangraviti, A; Paldor, I; Perdomo-Pantoja, A; Pinheiro, L; Tyler, B; Vigilar, V; Wang, Y; Witham, TF, 2021)	3.51
"Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor available as a tablet. "	( Stability of captopril in SyrSpend SF. Geiger, CM; Sorenson, B; Whaley, PA, )	1.94
"Captopril is a well-known angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor with antioxidant properties effective in treating hypertension and heart failure."	( Protective effect of captopril against clozapine-induced myocarditis in rats: role of oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines and DNA damage. Abdel-Wahab, BA; El-khawanki, MM; Hashim, AM; Metwally, ME, 2014)	1.44
"Captopril is an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE) used effectively for the management of hypertension."	( Permeation Studies of Captopril Transdermal Films Through Human Cadaver Skin. Nair, RS; Nair, S, 2015)	1.45
"Captopril is an FDA-approved angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that was previously reported to stimulate hematopoietic recovery after exposure to ionizing radiation."	( Captopril Increases Survival after Whole-Body Ionizing Irradiation but Decreases Survival when Combined with Skin-Burn Trauma in Mice. Bolduc, DL; Islam, A; Kiang, JG; Swift, JM; Zhai, M, 2015)	2.58
"Captopril is an effective inhibitor of both OATP influx membrane transport proteins and the P-gp efflux pumps involved in the transport of MC-LR."	( Influence of captopril on the cellular uptake and toxic potential of microcystin-LR in non-hepatic adhesive cell lines. Batsalova, T; Dzhambazov, B; Klaczkowska, D; Kostova, Z; Teneva, I, 2016)	1.52
"Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used to treat high blood pressure in humans."	( Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor Extends Caenorhabditis elegans Life Span. Dietrich, N; Kornfeld, K; Kumar, S, 2016)	1.16
"Captopril renography is a useful and reliable test in patients with suspicion of RVH. "	( Advantages of standardized criteria for the interpretation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition renography. Bjuväng, A; Granerus, G; Thorsson, O, 2009)	1.8
"Captopril is an inhibitor of the angiotensin-converting enzyme."	( Effect of converting enzyme inhibitor on copper and iron concentrations of blood plasma in calves during the neonatal period. Dratwa-Chałupnik, A; Hejza, K; Lepczyński, A; Michałek, K; Ozgo, M; Siwa, J; Skrzypczak, W, 2010)	1.08
"Captopril (CAP) is an orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and has been widely used for management of hypertension and congestive heart failure. "	( Separation methods for captopril in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids. Danielson, ND; Mansour, FR, 2012)	2.13
"Captopril is a risk factor for development of contrast media induced nephropathy."	( [The effect of pre-procedural captopril on contrast-induced nephropathy in patients who underwent coronary angiography]. Aslan, SL; Bayata, S; Cirit, M; Toprak, O; Yeşil, M, 2003)	2.05
"Captopril renography is a reliable, widely used test for the functional diagnosis of renovascular hypertension. "	( Reliability of captopril renography in patients under chronic therapy with angiotensin II (AT1) receptor antagonists. De Filippi, PG; Petrarulo, M; Picciotto, G; Rabbia, C; Roccatello, D; Sargiotto, A, 2003)	2.11
"Captopril is a competitive inhibitor, which was proved by enzyme reaction dynamics."	( [Determination of the inhibitory activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril by high performance capillary electrophoresis]. Dai, CH; Ma, HL; Wu, SY; Xin, ZH, 2003)	1.26
"Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor with sulphydryl groups in its chemical structure. "	( Pemphigus serum and captopril induce heat shock protein 70 and inducible nitric oxide synthase overexpression, triggering apoptosis in human keratinocytes. Baroni, A; Buommino, E; Orlando, M; Paoletti, I; Ruocco, E; Ruocco, V, 2004)	2.09
"Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor which has been widely used as an antihypertensive agent and vasodilator. "	( [Follicular mucinosis secondary to captopril-induced photoallergy]. Fortea, JM; Martínez-Menchón, T; Pérez-Ferriols, A, 2005)	2.05
"Captopril is an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) that is largely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. "	( Captopril suppresses inflammation in endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats. Ilieva, I; Jin, XH; Kase, S; Ohgami, K; Ohno, S; Shiratori, K; Suzuki, Y; Yoshida, K, 2006)	3.22
"Captopril gel is a safe, effective and non-toxic agent for decreasing the recurrence rate of the urethral stricture after internal urethrotomy. "	( Effect of intraurethral captopril gel on the recurrence of urethral stricture after direct vision internal urethrotomy: Phase II clinical trial. Hassanpour, A; Khezri, A; Kojoori, J; Monabbati, A; Samani, SM; Shirazi, M, 2007)	2.09
"Captopril is an inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) used against arterial hypertension in mammals. "	( In vivo effect of ACE inhibiting in mealworms on ovarian composition and ecdysteroid amounts. Bouteldja, D; Lemeire, E; Smagghe, G; Soltani-Mazouni, N, 2007)	1.78
"Captopril is a major advance in the treatment of resistant heart failure, and its beneficial haemodynamic effects relate primarily to a blockade of the renin-angiotensin system, the activity of which is increased by conventional drug therapy."	( Haemodynamic, hormonal, and electrolyte responses to captopril in resistant heart failure. Espiner, EA; Ikram, H; Maslowski, AH; Nicholls, MG, 1981)	1.23
"Captopril is a remarkably effective new antihypertensive drug designed and developed as a potent and specific inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, a zinc metallopeptidase that participates in the synthesis of a hypertensive peptide, angiotensin II, and in the degradation of a hypotensive peptide, bradykinin. "	( Development and design of specific inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Cheung, HS; Cushman, DW; Ondetti, MA; Sabo, EF, 1982)	1.71
"Captopril (SQ 14225) is an inhibitor of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). "	( Alteration of the granulomatous response in murine schistosomiasis by the chronic administration of captopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Boros, DL; Weinstock, JV, 1981)	1.92
"Captopril is an effective alternative in the treatment of hypertensive patients not readily controlled with conventional therapy."	( The renin-angiotensin system during converting enzyme inhibition with captopril in patients with severe treatment-resistant hypertension. Damkjaer Nielsen, M; Giese, J; Ibsen, H; Leth, A; Rasmussen, S, 1984)	1.22
"Captopril is a logical alternative to vasodilators in refractory hypertension complicated by congestive heart failure."	( Efficacy of captopril in relieving congestive heart failure developing during management of hypertension. Case report. Dole, WP; McNay, JL, )	1.23
"Captopril appears to be a useful agent in the management of severe hypertension after renal transplantation."	( Captopril in hypertension after renal transplantation. Chan, MK; El Nahas, AM; Farrington, K; Fernando, ON; Moorhead, JF; Sweny, P, 1984)	2.43
"Captopril is an orally active converting enzyme inhibitor lowering blood pressure (BP) in different types of hypertension. "	( Combined captopril and hydrochlorothiazide therapy in severe hypertension: long-term haemodynamic changes at rest and during exercise. Lund-Johansen, P; Omvik, P, 1984)	2.13
"Captopril is a mixed vasodilator and is effective from the first hour of administration."	( [Enhancement of the effect of captopril in the 1st 48 hours of treating refractory heart failure. A comparison with intravenous trinitrine]. Baubion, N; Di Matteo, J; Heulin, A; Le Pailleur, C; Metzger, JP; Vacheron, A, 1984)	1.28
"Captopril is a highly effective drug in the treatment of patients with congestive heart failure refractory to currently accepted therapy."	( Long-term captopril therapy in severe refractory congestive heart failure. Barlow, JB; Flax, H; Pocock, WA; Stein, M; Steingo, L, 1982)	1.39
"Captopril is a major advance in the treatment of patients with severe resistant heart failure."	( Captopril in patients with terminal cardiac failure. Hull, FT; Ikram, H; Nicholls, MG, 1982)	2.43
"Captopril appears to be a valuable drug for treatment of arterial hypertension in dialysis patients and offers an alternative to bilateral nephrectomy for the management of treatment resistant hypertension in these patients."	( Captopril treatment in hypertensive dialysis patients. Aurell, M; Delin, K; Herlitz, H; Mulec, H, 1982)	2.43
"Captopril is a specific inhibitor of kininase II which is responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I into the active angiotensin II and also for the inactivation of bradykinin. "	( [Captopril - profile of a new antihypertensive (author's transl)]. Gross, F, 1981)	2.62
"Captopril is a potent hypotensive agent whose efficacy has hitherto been attributed to its ability to alter either angiotensin II formation or kinin degradation. "	( Captopril-induced changes in prostaglandin production: relationship to vascular responses in normal man. Dluhy, RG; Hollenberg, NK; Levine, L; Moore, TJ; Swartz, SL; Williams, GH, 1980)	3.15
"Captopril (SQ 14.225) is a competitive inhibitor of peptidyl dipeptide hydrolase, also known as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) or kininase II, which converts angiotensin I (A I) into angiotensin II (A II), hydrolyzes des-Asp-angiotensin I to angiotensin III (A III) and inactivates bradykinin (BK) (19)."	( Captopril in primary hypertension. Effects related to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and kallikrein-kinin systems. Karlberg, BE; Nilsson, OR; Ohman, KP; Wettre, S, 1981)	2.43
"Captopril is an orally active inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme."	( High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of captopril in plasma. Anderson, A; Hooper, R; Jarrott, B; Louis, WJ, 1981)	1.23
"Captopril (SQ 14225) is an orally active agent that inhibits the conversion of ang. "	( Effects of captopril (SQ 14225) on norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction in the isolated perfused mesentery and hindquarters of the rat. Gulati, N; Gulati, OP; Huggel, H, 1982)	2.1
"Captopril is a suitable alternative to bendrofluazide as an antihypertensive drug for elderly people with regard to ECG detected cardiac complications."	( Hypertensive Old People in Edinburgh (HOPE) Study: electrocardiographic changes after captopril or bendrofluazide treatment. Starr, JM; Whalley, LJ, 1993)	1.23
"Captopril is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor which has been used extensively in the treatment of patients with hypertension and congestive heart failure. "	( Captopril. A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy after myocardial infarction and in ischaemic heart disease. McTavish, D; Plosker, GL, 1995)	3.18
"Here captopril is shown to be an inhibitor of angiogenesis able to block neovascularization induced in the rat cornea."	( Captopril inhibits angiogenesis and slows the growth of experimental tumors in rats. Bouck, NP; Chesler, L; Johnson, MD; Lingen, MW; Molteni, A; Polverini, PJ; Solt, DB; Volpert, OV; Ward, WF, 1996)	2.19
"Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure and has demonstrated its cardiovascular effects in experimental animal models, healthy volunteers and patients. "	( No sex-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences of captopril. Barbanoj, MJ; Gich, I; Jané, F; Massana, E; Moros, C; Morte, A, 1997)	1.98
"Captopril is an orally active inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) which is widely used as an anti-hypertensive agent. "	( Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril prevents activation-induced apoptosis by interfering with T cell activation signals. Mizuochi, T; Odaka, C, 2000)	2.02
"Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and their cutaneous side-effects are documented, but little has been published concerning the usefulness of patch test when they occur."	( Dermatitis to captopril. Armentia, A; Fernández, A; Fuentes, MJ; Martínez, JC; Vega, JM, )	1.21
"Captopril (SQ 14,225) is an orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor."	( Blood pressure regulation by angiotensin in the spontaneously hypertensive rats. Kawashima, K; Sokabe, H; Watanabe, TX, 1979)	0.98
"Captopril is a promising new hypotensive agent and is efficacious in combination with beta-adrenergic blocking agents."	( Comparison of captopril with propranolol in the treatment of mild and moderate essential hypertension. Seedat, YK, 1979)	1.34
"Captopril is a suitable drug to treat high blood pressure in diabetic patients. "	( [Captopril + hydrochlorothiazide versus captopril + nifedipine in the treatment of arterial hypertension in diabetes mellitus type II]. Martínez Morillo, M; Souvirón Rodríguez, A, )	2.48
"Captopril renography is a promising diagnostic tool in the evaluation of the hypertensive patient."	( State-of-the-art review: captopril renography--pathophysiological considerations and clinical observations. Black, HR; Nally, JV, 1992)	1.31
"Captopril is a sulfhydryl-containing angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, that decreases PGI2 production in cultured human vascular endothelial cells."	( Effect of cyclic GMP and sulfhydryl on prostacyclin production by human vascular endothelial cells. Kameda, M; Katoh, K; Kobayashi, K; Sawada, S; Shirai, K; Takada, O; Toyoda, T; Uno, M; Yamagami, M; Yamamoto, K, 1991)	1
"Captopril renography is an excellent technique for investigating renovascular hypertension and other renal disturbances. "	( Captopril renography. Considerations in the selection of radiopharmaceuticals, provocative agents, and hypertensive subjects. Blaufox, MD, 1991)	3.17
"Captopril renography is a valuable test in the diagnosis of patients with renal artery stenosis. "	( Report of the Working Party Group for Patient Selection and Preparation. Black, HR; Bourgoignie, JJ; Pickering, T; Saddler, MC; Setaro, JF; Svetkey, L; Textor, SC, 1991)	1.72
"Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that has been reported to be effective in salvaging post-ischemic reperfused myocardium by its ability to function as a free radical-scavenging agent. "	( Captopril, an ACE inhibitor, for optimizing reperfusion after acute myocardial infarction. Das, DK; Engelman, RM; Iyengar, J; Rousou, JA, 1991)	3.17
"Captopril is an inhibitor of angiotensin I converting enzyme and is used for treating intractable chronic hypertension. "	( Captopril in severe preeclampsia. Gonzalez-Ruiz, A; Harbin, AR; Taslimi, MM, 1991)	3.17
"Captopril is an antihypertensive drug that works by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme and provokes increased levels of plasma quinine. "	( [Pityriasis rosea-like skin eruptions caused by captopril]. Ghersetich, I; Lotti, T; Palleschi, GM; Rindi, L; Teofoli, P; Tsampau, D, 1990)	1.98
"Captopril is an effective oral drug that helps break the cycle of CHF. "	( Captopril in the treatment of chronic CHF. Kennedy, GT, 1990)	3.16
"Captopril is an orally active inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme. "	( Simple measurement of captopril in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Colin, P; Klein, J; Koren, G; Levy, M; Scherer, E, 1990)	2.04
"Captopril is an important venodilator. "	( Acute and chronic arterial and venous effects of captopril in congestive cardiac failure. Capewell, S; Hannan, WJ; Muir, AL; Taverner, D, 1989)	1.97
"Captopril appears to be an effective and safe drug for lowering blood pressure in diabetic patients without affecting renal function."	( Captopril in treatment of hypertensive diabetic patients. Preliminary study. Christov, V; Nikolov, M; Nikolov, N; Popova, D; Suzuki, A, 1989)	2.44
"Captopril appears to be a promising monotherapy for the elderly with mild to moderate hypertension."	( A single-blind, randomized, cross-over study of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension in the elderly. Kin, T; Vallance-Owen, J; Woo, J; Woo, KS, 1987)	0.99
"Captopril acts as a reducing agent in this system, and is capable of reducing Fe3+ cytochrome c by itself."	( Captopril--a potential free radical scavenger: inhibition of PMN NADPH oxidase. Cooper, JD; Egan, TM; Minta, JO; Scrimgeour, KG, 1988)	2.44
"Captopril is an orally active inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and has been widely studied in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension, severe hypertension not responsive to conventional diuretic/beta-adrenoceptor blocker/vasodilator regimens, and patients with chronic congestive heart failure refractory to treatment with a diuretic and digitalis. "	( Captopril. An update of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic use in hypertension and congestive heart failure. Brogden, RN; Sorkin, EM; Todd, PA, 1988)	3.16
"Captopril proved to be an antihypertensive agent with a wide therapeutic spectrum."	( Monotherapy and combined treatment with captopril. Radó, J, 1988)	1.26
"Captopril is a valuable new drug for treating hypertension in insulin dependent diabetics with nephropathy."	( Protection of kidney function and decrease in albuminuria by captopril in insulin dependent diabetics with nephropathy. Hommel, E; Parving, HH; Smidt, UM, 1988)	1.96
"Captopril acts as a vasodilator and reduces systemic arterial pressure."	( Effect of a converting-enzyme inhibitor on vasa recta blood flow in rat kidney. Hansell, P; Sjöquist, M; Ulfendahl, HR, 1988)	1
"Captopril is an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor used in the management of hypertension and ventricular failure; to our knowledge, this is the first case of an acute captopril overdose reported in the English-language literature."	( Captopril overdose resulting in hypotension. Augenstein, WL; Kulig, KW; Rumack, BH, 1988)	2.44
"Captopril appears to be an effective and safe drug for lowering blood pressure in diabetic patients, without affecting renal function, electrolyte balance and the metabolic control of diabetes."	( Captopril in the treatment of hypertension in type I and type II diabetic patients. Benetollo, P; Crepaldi, G; D'Angelo, A; Gambaro, G; Giannini, S; Lavagnini, T; Malvasi, L; Sartori, L, 1986)	2.44
"Captopril (CP) is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor whose metabolism involves endogenous thiols which may be depleted at high doses of CP. "	( Hepatic necrosis and glutathione depletion in captopril-treated mice. Helliwell, TR; Park, BK; Yeung, JH, 1985)	1.97
"Captopril is a new orally active angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor that is useful for the treatment of hypertension. "	( The use of captopril to control hypertension in post-transplant renal artery stenosis. Butt, KM; Gordon, D; Tejani, A; Trachtman, H, 1985)	2.1
"Captopril is an orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that has been widely used in treating hypertension. "	( Cough associated with the use of captopril. Kaneko, Y; Sesoko, S, 1985)	1.99
"Captopril appears to be a safe and effective antihypertensive agent in mild and moderate hypertension when used in low doses in addition to a thiazide diuretic."	( Comparison of low-dose captopril and propranolol as second-line drugs in mild and moderate hypertension. Rosenfeld, JB; Traub, YM, 1985)	1.3

Effects

Captopril has a known hypotensive action derived from the inhibition of the converting enzyme (Kininase II) The degradation is accelerated by metallic ions (Cu, Fe) Captopril also has a favorable effect on the dysfunctioning myocardium after myocardial infarction.

Captopril has potent antihypertensive effects when used in human hypertension. Captopril treatment has been effective in normalizing blood pressure but induced a severe anemia.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Captopril has a favorable effect on the dysfunctioning myocardium after myocardial infarction inasmuch as the ischemic burden is reduced, the working capacity is increased, dilation of the left ventricle is prevented, and systolic function is improved."	( Effects of captopril on ischemia and dysfunction of the left ventricle after myocardial infarction. Gøtzsche, CO; Ravkilde, J; Søgaard, P; Thygesen, K, 1993)	2.12
"Captopril has a better stability in solutions below pH 4, the degradation is accelerated by metallic ions (Cu, Fe)."	( [Pharmaceutical technology of Tensiomin]. Fekete, P, 1997)	1.02
"Captopril has a sulphydryl group in its molecular structure."	( Captopril: a free radical scavenger. Belch, JJ; Bridges, A; Chopra, M; McLay, J; McMurray, J; Scott, N; Smith, WE, 1989)	2.44
"Captopril has a known hypotensive action derived from the inhibition of the converting enzyme (Kininase II). "	( Effect of captopril on Na-K ATPase and Mg ATPase activities of erythrocyte ghost membranes. de la Riva, IJ; Santoro, FM, 1985)	2.11
"Captopril has no absorption in the visible range, but due to its thiol group could interact with gold nanoparticles (GNPs)."	( Laser induced thermal lens microscopy for highly sensitive determination of captopril. Abbasi-Ahd, A; Kargosha, K; Shokoufi, N, 2017)	1.41
"As captopril has already been extensively used clinically, such a strategy has great therapeutic potential."	( Captopril improves tumor nanomedicine delivery by increasing tumor blood perfusion and enlarging endothelial gaps in tumor blood vessels. Hu, Y; Jiang, T; Jiang, X; Jin, K; Luo, Z; Mei, H; Pang, Z; Shi, W; Tuo, Y; Zhang, B, 2017)	2.41
"Captopril has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects."	( The effect of captopril on lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation. Abareshi, A; Boskabadi, J; Boskabady, MH; Emami, B; Hosseini, M; Khazdair, MR; Mohammadian Roshan, N; Mokhtari-Zaer, A, )	1.21
"Captopril has the potential to mitigate the severity of lung injury by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme."	( Effects of intratracheal captopril on severely meconium-injured piglet lungs. Chen, Y; Jeng, MJ; Lin, CH, 2019)	1.54
"Captopril has beneficial effects in burn injury and should be assessed as a therapeutic agent in the management of this condition."	( The effect of captopril on brain apoptosis after burn injury in rats. Demiralay, E; Ozdamar, EN; Saglam, E; Saglam, IY; Sehirli, AO; Sener, G, 2013)	2.19
"L-Captopril, which has been shown to exhibit very promising inhibitory activity in vitro against DapE and has attractive drug-like properties, nevertheless does not target DapE in bacteria effectively."	( Zinc-selective inhibition of the promiscuous bacterial amide-hydrolase DapE: implications of metal heterogeneity for evolution and antibiotic drug design. Angelici, G; Creus, M; Nicolet, S; Schmidt, T; Schwede, T; Uda, NR; Upert, G, 2014)	0.96
"Captopril has detrimental effects on trabecular bone as demonstrated by the loss of cancellous bone mass and network connections as well as changes to the chondrocytes zone."	( Involvement of Renin-Angiotensin System in Damage of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Captopril on Bone of Normal Mice. Liu, JX; Wang, L; Zhang, Y, 2015)	1.36
"Captopril has effects against myocardial mitochondrial structure damage and function decline, ameliorate myocardial energy metabolism."	( [Effects of captopril on myocardial energy metabolism in mice with viral myocarditis]. Cao, YD; Chang, J; Chen, JB; Liao, XG; Rao, BF, 2003)	1.42
"Captopril has been reported to inhibit angiogenesis, and by this way, to reduce tumor growth."	( HHV-8 positive Kaposi sarcoma in a patient with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis: no regressive effect of captopril. Aydingöz, IE; Göktay, F; Mansur, AT; Yaşar, S, )	1.06
"Captopril has now been demonstrated to be effective in the hypertension of scleroderma and has reversed scleroderma renal crisis."	( Monotherapy of hypertension with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Materson, BJ, 1984)	0.99
"Captopril has been associated with renal failure in patients with preexisting renovascular hypertension, and with acute interstitial nephritis in one case."	( Acute renal failure, skin rash, and eosinophilia associated with captopril therapy. Silva, P; Steinman, TI, 1983)	1.23
"As captopril has no direct effect on smooth muscle, these effects are likely to have been due to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition."	( Immediate regional blood flow distribution following angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in patients with essential hypertension. Frohlich, ED; Kardon, MB; Kobrin, I; Messerli, FH; Ventura, HO, 1984)	0.78
"Captopril has been used in 23 patients with this condition."	( Captopril in the treatment of scleroderma renal crisis. Alexander, JC; Thurm, RH, 1984)	2.43
"Captopril has potential value in the treatment of moderate essential hypertension."	( Comparison of antihypertensive effects of captopril and propranolol in essential hypertension. del Greco, F; Huang, CM; Molteni, A; Quintanilla, A, 1981)	1.25
"Captopril has potent antihypertensive effects when used in human hypertension (review, 3) especially when the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is activated."	( Captopril in primary hypertension. Effects related to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and kallikrein-kinin systems. Karlberg, BE; Nilsson, OR; Ohman, KP; Wettre, S, 1981)	2.43
"Captopril renography has been used for a number of years as a method of detecting RAS mainly in native kidneys, with only a few studies concerning the transplant situation."	( The importance of the perfusion index in the evaluation of captopril renography for transplant renal artery stenosis. Abdalla, A; al-Khader, A; al-Sulaiman, M; Hamilton, D; Miola, UJ; Mousa, D; Rassoul, Z; Rehman, MA, 1994)	1.25
"Captopril treatment has been effective in normalizing blood pressure but induced a severe anemia necessitating frequent transfusions."	( [Aggravation of anemia in a hypertensive hemodialysis patient by captopril treatment]. Cordonnier, DJ; Forêt, M; Hachache, T; Kuentz, F; Meftahi, H; Milongo, R, 1995)	1.25
"Captopril has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity in insulin resistant hypertensive individuals and enalapril has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity in a small group of healthy volunteers, but there has been no direct comparison of the effects of the different angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) on insulin sensitivity in either insulin sensitive or insulin insensitive populations."	( A comparison between enalapril and captopril on insulin sensitivity in normotensive healthy volunteers. Lewis-Barned, NJ; Pratt, MC; Walker, RJ, 1993)	2.01
"Captopril has a favorable effect on the dysfunctioning myocardium after myocardial infarction inasmuch as the ischemic burden is reduced, the working capacity is increased, dilation of the left ventricle is prevented, and systolic function is improved."	( Effects of captopril on ischemia and dysfunction of the left ventricle after myocardial infarction. Gøtzsche, CO; Ravkilde, J; Søgaard, P; Thygesen, K, 1993)	2.12
"Captopril renography has been used for a number of years as a method of detecting RAS but controversy still exists as to the diagnostic accuracy of this test and as to the most appropriate interpretation criteria with which to establish a positive result."	( Interpretation of captopril transplant renography using a feed forward neural network. Hamilton, D; Miola, UJ; Mousa, D, 1996)	1.35
"1. Captopril has been reported to possess hydroxyl radical (OH.) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) scavenging effects, which could contribute to its therapeutic activity in the clinical setting. "	( Captopril has no significant scavenging antioxidant activity in human plasma in vitro or in vivo. Ciofani, G; Cuccurullo, F; Daniele, F; De Gioia, S; Lapenna, D, 1996)	2.36
"Captopril has two polimorphic crystal modifications, the form I."	( [Pharmaceutical technology of Tensiomin]. Fekete, P, 1997)	1.02
"Captopril has also been shown to be markedly effective in the treatment of left ventricular dysfunction as well as congestive heart failure."	( The Captopril Prevention Project (CAPPP) in hypertension--baseline data and current status. Björck, JE; Dahlöf, B; de Faire, U; Hansson, L; Hedner, T; Karlberg, BE; Lanke, J; Lindholm, L; Luomanmäki, K; Mörlin, C; Niklason, A; Niskanen, L; Wester, PO, 1997)	1.58
"The captopril renogram test has been shown to be a sensitive test for the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis in native and transplanted kidneys. "	( The diagnosis of segmental transplant renal artery stenosis by captopril renography. Al-Hawas, F; Al-Khader, A; Al-Sulaiman, M; Hamilton, D; Hassan, A; Mousa, D, 1999)	1.1
"Captopril and enalapril have been reported to influence cognitive functions and quality of life in hypertensive patients."	( Effects of captopril and enalapril on electroencephalogram and cognitive performance in healthy volunteers. Ebert, U; Kirch, W, 1999)	2.14
"Captopril has been shown to be protective in models of ischemia-reperfusion injury in other organs by acting as a free radical scavenger."	( Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme by captopril: a novel approach to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury after lung transplantation. Fischer, S; Kalirai, B; Keshavjee, S; Liu, M; Maclean, AA, 2000)	1.29
"Captopril has been reported to induce systemic lupus erythematosus syndrome, and our findings may be useful for elucidating the mechanism of captopril-induced autoimmunity."	( Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril prevents activation-induced apoptosis by interfering with T cell activation signals. Mizuochi, T; Odaka, C, 2000)	1.3
"Captopril and aspirin have been claimed to adversely affect renal function. "	( Combined effect of captopril and aspirin in renal hemodynamics in elderly patients with congestive heart failure. Averbuch, M; Finkelstein, A; Greenland, M; Kornowski, R; Lehrman, H; Levo, Y; Pines, A; Schwartz, D, 1992)	2.05
"Captopril has been administered to eight healthy male subjects by means of a pulsatile delivery system that was designed to release the drug in the colonic region of the intestine. "	( Gastrointestinal transit and systemic absorption of captopril from a pulsed-release formulation. Bakhshaee, M; Brennan, J; Davis, SS; Sparrow, RA; Stevens, HN; Wilding, IR, 1992)	1.98
"Captopril has been shown to prevent dilatation, but the effect on LV diastolic function is unknown."	( Effects of captopril on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function after acute myocardial infarction. Gøtzsche, CO; Ravkilde, J; Søgaard, P; Thygesen, K, 1992)	1.39
"Captopril has marked effects on progression of disease and reduces the likelihood of progressive heart failure in patients with mild symptoms. "	( [Prognosis of mild chronic heart failure: effects of the ACE inhibitor captopril]. Doering, W; Kleber, FX, 1991)	1.96
"Captopril has attained widespread use as an effective agent in the treatment of heart failure and hypertension. "	( Cholestatic jaundice associated with captopril therapy. Crantock, L; Powell, L; Prentice, R, )	1.85
"The captopril test has been suggested as a sensitive and specific noninvasive tool for the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension. "	( Limitations of the captopril test in the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension. Ben-Ishay, D; Kobrin, I; Yeshurun, D; Zahger, D, 1991)	1.17
"Captopril has two possible mechanisms for the inhibitory action on the water flow, one is its stimulative effect on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) biosynthesis by inhibition of kininase II activity, the other, is a direct effect on water flow independent of PGE2."	( Mechanisms for the inhibition of vasopressin-stimulated water flow by captopril in the toad bladder. Marumo, F; Nara, Y, 1987)	1.23
"Captopril has not yet been included in the list of drugs causing hypersensitivity lung disease. "	( Captopril-induced hypersensitivity lung disease. An immune-complex-mediated phenomenon. Hyun, J; Lahiri, B; Mesologites, D; Schatz, PL; Smith, GJ, 1989)	3.16
"Captopril has been reported to inhibit ouabain-sensitive Na+/K+-ATPase activity in erythrocyte membrane fragments. "	( Captopril inhibits ouabain-sensitive Na+/K+-ATPase. Accetto, R; Rinaldi, G; Weder, AB, 1989)	3.16
"Captopril has diuretic effects which may vary in potency with aldosterone concentrations and uricosuric properties unrelated to aldosterone status."	( Effects of captopril, hydrochlorothiazide, and their combination on timed urinary excretions of water and solutes. Acosta-Barrios, TN; Leary, WP; Reyes, AJ; van der Byl, KV, 1985)	1.38
"Captopril has a sulphydryl group in its molecular structure."	( Captopril: a free radical scavenger. Belch, JJ; Bridges, A; Chopra, M; McLay, J; McMurray, J; Scott, N; Smith, WE, 1989)	2.44
"Captopril has been given by this route to 20 hypertensive patients while these had an ongoing hypertensive crisis (defined as a systolic arterial pressure above 200 mmHg associated with a diastolic arterial pressure above 115 mmHg)."	( [Usefulness of sublingual captopril in hypertensive emergencies. Preliminary results]. Capaldi, L; Cardillo, C; Folli, G; Guerrera, G; Mauro, R; Melina, D; Musumeci, V; Savi, L; Tatulli, C, 1989)	1.3
"captopril has no direct postsynaptic effect in the isolated tail artery preparation."	( Chronic treatment of the spontaneously hypertensive rat with captopril attenuates responses to noradrenaline in vivo but not in vitro. Atkinson, J; Fouda, AK; Sautel, M; Sonnay, M, 1987)	1.24
"Captopril has been used with success in some patients with idiopathic edema."	( Special uses for captopril. Materson, BJ, 1987)	1.33
"Captopril has a known hypotensive action derived from the inhibition of the converting enzyme (Kininase II). "	( Effect of captopril on Na-K ATPase and Mg ATPase activities of erythrocyte ghost membranes. de la Riva, IJ; Santoro, FM, 1985)	2.11
"Captopril has also been shown to be effective in improving survival."	( Survival in patients with heart failure: focus on captopril. DiBianco, R, 1988)	1.25
"Captopril has been administered in doses of up to 3.5 mg/kg/day (mean 2.47 mg/kg/day)."	( Captopril in treatment of infant heart failure: a preliminary report. Arnold, R; Scammell, AM; Wilkinson, JL, 1987)	2.44
"Captopril in low doses has been used recently with success in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. "	( Comparison of low-dose captopril and propranolol as second-line drugs in mild and moderate hypertension. Rosenfeld, JB; Traub, YM, 1985)	2.02

Actions

Captopril did not cause any significant change in mean hemispheric blood flow, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), or end-expiratory CO2 fraction (FECO2) Captopril blunted the increase in norepinephrine levels usually seen with increasing severity of congestive heart failure.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Captopril prevented the increase in blood pressure, which was associated with lower plasma Ang II and increased COX-2-derived 6-Keto-PGF(1α) at day 2 and plasma Ang (1-7) at day 19."	( Early co-expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and renin in the rat kidney cortex contributes to the development of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester induced hypertension. Del Valle-Mondragón, L; Guzmán-Hernández, EA; Ibarra-Barajas, M; Pastelín-Hernández, G; Sánchez-Mendoza, MA; Villalobos-Molina, R, 2015)	1.14
"Captopril plays an important role in the treatment of very high blood pressure episodes and may be used postpartum."	( Clonidine versus Captopril for Severe Postpartum Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Amorim, MM; Coutinho, IC; Katz, L; Maia, SS; Noronha Neto C, C; Souza, AR, 2017)	1.52
"Captopril did not cause statistically significant changes in plasma copper concentration in calves."	( Effect of converting enzyme inhibitor on copper and iron concentrations of blood plasma in calves during the neonatal period. Dratwa-Chałupnik, A; Hejza, K; Lepczyński, A; Michałek, K; Ozgo, M; Siwa, J; Skrzypczak, W, 2010)	1.08
"Captopril was used to inhibit the renin-angiotensin system (RAS)."	( Adverse cardiac remodelling in spontaneously hypertensive rats: acceleration by high aerobic exercise intensity. da Costa Rebelo, RM; Schlüter, KD; Schreckenberg, R, 2012)	1.1
"Captopril decreased the lower limit of CBF autoregulation (61+/-6 in SHR-6C and 51+/-2 in SHR-15C vs 52+/-6 in WKY-6 and 62+/-7 in WKY-15 and 83+/-14 mmHg in SHR-6 and 120+/-19 mmHg in SHR-15; P<0.05) and CSA (510+/-21 in SHR-6C and 585+/-25 in SHR-15C vs 529+/-12 in WKY-6 and 549+/-20 in WKY-15 and 644+/-38 mmHg in SHR-6 and 704+/-38 mmHg in SHR-15; P<0.05)."	( Captopril improves cerebrovascular structure and function in old hypertensive rats. Atkinson, J; Chillon, JM; Dupuis, F; Limiñana, P, 2005)	2.49
"Captopril can inhibit the protein and mRNA expressions of ACE, Ang II and type I collagen and alleviate lung fibrosis in neonatal rats with hyperoxia-induced lung injury/CLD. "	( [Protection of captopril against chronic lung disease induced by hyperoxia in neonatal rats]. Li, JJ; Xue, XD, 2007)	2.14
"Captopril patients had lower s-creatinine values than controls in the immediate phase after rejection."	( Angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibition after renal transplantation. Ahonen, J; Fyhrquist, F; Grönhagen-Riska, C; Häyry, P; von Willebrand, E, 1984)	0.99
"Captopril prevented the increase in plasma angiotensin II during ACTH infusion and lowered its levels below those on the control day two hours after a new dose of the converting enzyme inhibitor was given."	( The effect of captopril on renin, angiotensin II, cortisol and aldosterone during ACTH-infusion in man. Baumann, J; Belkien, L; Meyland, M; Oelkers, W, 1982)	1.35
"Captopril inhibited the increase in total peripheral resistance and had no effect on the decrease in cardiac output or the hypoglycemia."	( Role of angiotensin I and glucagon in canine endotoxin shock: effect of converting enzyme inhibitor and prior immunization. Hess, ML; Manson, NH, 1984)	0.99
"The captopril-induced increase in GFR (29 +/- 8%) was partially reversed by the intravenous angiotensin II infusion to a level not significantly different from control."	( Renal hemodynamic effects of captopril in anesthetized sodium-restricted dogs. Relative contributions of prostaglandin stimulation and suppressed angiotensin activity. Carmines, PK; Navar, LG; Rosivall, L; Till, MF, 1983)	1.04
"Captopril caused an increase in renin activity and a decrease in plasma aldosterone concentrations."	( Role of the renin-angiotensin system in hypertension after coarctation of the aorta. Bailie, MD; Donoso, VS; Gonzalez, NC, 1984)	0.99
"Captopril caused no increase in PRA in the remaining 1 who had unilateral renal artery stenosis with contralateral renal aplasia."	( A screening test for renovascular hypertension by means of orally active angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril (SQ 14225). Abe, K; Imai, Y; Otsuka, Y; Sakurai, Y; Yoshinaga, K, 1980)	1.19
"3. Captopril caused an increase in sodium excretion on the normal (120 mmol/day) and low (10 mmol/day) sodium diet but not the high sodium diet."	( The renin--angiotensin--aldosterone system in the maintenance of blood pressure, aldosterone secretion and sodium balance in normotensive subjects. Jones, JC; MacGregor, GA; Markandu, ND; Morton, JJ; Roulston, JE, 1980)	0.78
"Captopril caused no increase in PRA in the remaining 1 who had unilateral renal artery stenosis with contralateral renin aplasia."	( Exaggerated response of renin secretion to captopril (SQ 14225) in renovascular hypertension. Abe, K; Haruyama, T; Hiwatari, M; Imai, Y; Ito, T; Omata, K; Otsuka, Y; Sakurai, Y; Sato, M; Yoshinaga, K, 1980)	1.25
"Captopril led to an increase in plasma renin activity, active and total plasma renin concentration and angiotensin I, a decrease in plasma kininase II activity, angiotensin II, aldosterone, prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha and no change in plasma (nor) adrenaline, dopamine and inactive renin concentration."	( Role of various vasodepressor systems in the acute hypotensive effect of captopril in man. Amery, A; Fagard, R; Lijnen, P; Staessen, J; Verschueren, LJ, 1981)	1.22
"Captopril alone did not cause drinking.4."	( The renin-angiotensin system in drinking and cardiovascular responses to isoprenaline in the rat. Evered, MD; Robinson, MM, 1981)	0.98
"Thus captopril appeared to lower blood pressure not by reduction in total exchangeable sodium but by some other mechanism, presumably inhibition of vasoconstriction."	( Effect of captopril on blood pressure, total body sodium and fluid consumption of genetically hypertensive (GH) and normotensive (N) rats. Ledingham, JM; Simpson, FO, 1981)	1.12
"Captopril induced an increase in peripheral plasma renin activity in the hypertensive group, but not in the normotensive patients."	( Evidence for a renovascular component in hypertensive patients with late radiation nephropathy. Arisz, L; Dewit, LG; Valdés Olmos, RA; Verheij, M, 1994)	1.01
"Captopril could suppress the Ang II effect."	( [Effect of angiotensin on salt intake behavior of rat]. Yang, ZF; Yao, SZ, 1994)	1.01
"Captopril at a lower dose of 50 micrograms/kg i.v."	( Kinins and thrombolysis. Chłopicki, S; Gryglewski, RJ; Swies, J, 1993)	1.01
"Captopril blunted the increase in mean arterial pressure during isometric handgrip exercise (placebo, from 81 +/- 4 to 112 +/- 2 mm Hg; captopril, from 78 +/- 3 to 101 +/- 2 mm Hg; p < 0.01). "	( Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and sympathetic activity in healthy subjects. He, HB; Lang, CC; Stein, CM; Wood, AJ, 1996)	1.74
"Captopril inhibits the increase in [Ca2+]i of thymocytes in SHR."	( Effect of captopril on intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) of thymocytes in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Chen, D; Wang, H; Wu, D; Xie, L, 1996)	1.42
"3. Captopril at a lower dose (1 microgram/kg, i.p.), when combined with naloxone (5 mg/kg, i.p.), significantly reduced cumulative ulcer length only in the ethanol-treated group (from 54.9 +/- 7.2 mm to 22.5 +/- 6.2 mm)."	( The effects of captopril and naloxone on restraint-cold-stress- and ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats. Bozkurt, S; Ercan, ZS; Güney, Z; Kilinç, M; Uluoğlu, C, 1998)	1.17
"Captopril failed to increase PRA before furosemide, but PRA increased to 15.3+/-8.4 ng/mL/h after furosemide."	( Renin-aldosterone system can respond to furosemide in patients with hyperkalemic hyporeninism. Chan, R; Devita, MV; Michelis, MF; Pfaffle, AE; Sealey, JE; Swan, A; Zabetakis, PM, 1998)	1.02
"The captopril-mediated increase of bradykinin-induced contraction was only seen in preparations with intact endothelium, while captopril did not affect arterial strips treated with Nomega-nitro-L-arginine."	( Nitric oxide modulates captopril-mediated angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in porcine iliac arteries. Andersson, RG; Persson, K, 1999)	1.09
"The captopril-induced increase in glutamate and alanine release at the start of reperfusion after cardioplegic storage may reflect a switch in metabolism of glucose-related amino acids."	( Captopril-induced glutamate release at the start of reperfusion after cold cardioplegic storage of pig hearts. Bjerre, T; Botker, HE; Kimose, HH; Moldrup, U; Nielsen, TT; Randsbaek, F, 2000)	2.23
"Captopril is known to inhibit the growth of renal cancer but the mechanism involved has been unclear. "	( Captopril restores transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor and sensitivity to transforming growth factor-beta in murine renal cell cancer cells. Asano, T; Hayakawa, M; Miyajima, A, 2001)	3.2
"Does captopril lower blood pressure in genetically hypertensive, normotensive and hypotensive mice under normal and salt-loaded conditions?"	( The action of salt and captopril on blood pressure in mice with genetic hypertension. Leckie, BJ, 2001)	1.14
"Captopril could inhibit this system partially."	( [The changes in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in acute myocardial infarction and the effects of converting enzyme inhibitor-captopril]. Jiang, M, 1991)	1.21
"Captopril did not cause a significant change in the physiological effects or the recovery of SP and NKA."	( Peptidase modulation of the pulmonary effects of tachykinins in tracheal superfused guinea pig lungs. Drazen, JM; Gerard, C; Gerard, NP; Martins, MA; Shore, SA, 1990)	1
"Captopril blunted the increase in norepinephrine levels usually seen with increasing severity of congestive heart failure."	( [Prognosis of mild chronic heart failure: effects of the ACE inhibitor captopril]. Doering, W; Kleber, FX, 1991)	1.24
"Captopril did not cause any significant change in mean hemispheric blood flow, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), or end-expiratory CO2 fraction (FECO2)."	( Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and regional cerebral blood flow in acute stroke. Andersen, AR; Paulson, OB; Pedersen, H; Vorstrup, S; Waldemar, G, 1989)	1
"Captopril induced an increase of the effective renal blood flow (ERB) and of the effective renal plasma flow along with a considerable lowering of the renal vascular resistance."	( [Neurohumoral mechanisms regulating renal blood circulation in patients with hypertension undergoing captopril block of angiotensin-converting enzyme]. Almazov, VA; Ametov, AS; Dolgova, IB; Pushkarev, AA; Shliakhto, EV, 1989)	1.21
"Captopril when dosed to lower diastolic blood pressure 5-7 mm Hg did not significantly affect GFR, RPF or RVR."	( Preliminary observations of the acute effects of selective serum thromboxane inhibition and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on blood pressure and renal hemodynamics in hypertensive humans. Douglas, FL; Hoover, N; Klassen, DK; Weir, MR, 1989)	1
"Captopril does increase the ratio of PRA in the venous blood from a kidney with RAS to that of the contralateral kidney."	( Special uses for captopril. Materson, BJ, 1987)	1.33
"the captopril test does not allow to screen the non selected hypertensive patients for an efficient radiological investigation by intravenous digitalized angiography but may help to select the patients with unilateral renal disease for the renal venous PRA evaluation."	( [The captopril test in nonselected hypertensive patients: absence of value for screening of renovascular patients and for unilateral small kidneys]. Boudailliez, B; el Esper, N; Fievet, P; Idrissi, A; Makdassi, R; Remond, A; Renaud, H; Westeel, PF, 1988)	1.35
"Captopril induced and increase in stroke volume index (p less than 0.01) and cardiac index (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.01 respectively) during both types of exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)"	( Isometric exercise for the evaluation of vasodilatory therapy in severe congestive heart failure. Hertrich, FF; Leinberger, H; Winkelmann, BR, 1988)	1
"Captopril was found to inhibit the renin-angiotensin system in a dose-dependent fashion."	( Pharmacodynamic and humoral effects of single intravenous doses of captopril in normal subjects. Bidiville, J; Brunner, HR; Nussberger, J; Waeber, B; Waeber, G, 1987)	1.23
"Captopril may inhibit the conversion of vascular ANG I into ANG II."	( Effect of captopril on angiotensin II release from vascular tissues in rats. Inagami, T; Kumahara, Y; Nakamaru, M; Ogihara, T, 1987)	1.4
"Captopril caused an increase in plasma renin activity (p less than 0.005) and a decrease in plasma aldosterone (p less than 0.025) from an elevated baseline, and a moderate drop in systolic (p less than 0.025) and diastolic (p less than 0.05) blood pressure."	( Effect of captopril on renin and blood pressure in cirrhosis. Renner, F; Sedlmayer, A; Silberbauer, K; Stanek, B, 1987)	1.4
"Captopril is known to inhibit kininase II, the principal enzyme involved in degradation of kinins; this potentiating effect may be counteracted by a reduction in renal kallikrein release and hence in kinin generation."	( Urinary kallikrein excretion in chronic renal failure: relationship to blood pressure and the acute effect of captopril. Cumming, AD; Lambie, AT, )	1.06
"Captopril causes an increase in serum digoxin by reducing renal clearance of the drug."	( The effects of captopril on serum digoxin and urinary urea and digoxin clearances in patients with congestive heart failure. Cleland, JG; Dargie, HJ; Gillen, G; Pettigrew, A; Robertson, JI, 1986)	1.35

Treatment

Captopril treatment reduced populations of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and increased PD-1 expression on infiltrating hepatic tissue-resident memory (TRM)-like CD8+ and double-negative T cells. RASi reduced CRLM growth in the regenerating liver and altered immune cell composition by reducing populations of immunosuppressive MDSCs. Captopril pretreatment alone did not affect vasoconstriction but the addition of propofol markedly attenuated the vasomotor response to phenylephrine.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Captopril treatment reduced populations of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) (CD11b+Ly6CHi p < 0.05, CD11b+Ly6CLo p < 0.01) and increased PD-1 expression on infiltrating hepatic tissue-resident memory (TRM)-like CD8+ (p < 0.001) and double-negative (CD4-CD8-; p < 0.001) T cells; (4) RASi reduced CRLM growth in the regenerating liver and altered immune cell composition by reducing populations of immunosuppressive MDSCs and boosting populations of PD-1+ hepatic TRMs."	( Captopril, a Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitor, Attenuates Tumour Progression in the Regenerating Liver Following Partial Hepatectomy. Christophi, C; Fifis, T; Gordon, CL; Kastrappis, G; Muralidharan, V; Perini, MV; Riddiough, GE; Tran, BM; Vincan, E; Walsh, KA, 2022)	2.89
"Captopril pretreatment alone did not affect vasoconstriction, but the addition of propofol markedly attenuated the vasomotor response to phenylephrine."	( Blockade of endothelial Mas receptor restores the vasomotor response to phenylephrine in human resistance arterioles pretreated with captopril and exposed to propofol. Freed, JK; Hockenberry, JC; Katunaric, B; Pagel, PS; Schulz, ME, 2022)	1.65
"Captopril treatment also improves lymphatic function and immune cell trafficking by increasing collecting lymphatic pumping."	( Topical captopril: a promising treatment for secondary lymphedema. Aras, O; Brown, S; Campbell, A; Gardenier, J; Hespe, GE; Kataru, RP; Kuonqui, K; Li, C; Ly, C; Mehrara, BJ; Nores, GDG; Park, HJ; Sarker, A; Shin, J, 2023)	2.07
"Captopril treatment modulates the immune response by increasing the infiltration and altering the phenotypical composition of T lymphocytes and may be a contributing mechanism for tumor control."	( Immunomodulatory effects of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors on T lymphocytes in mice with colorectal liver metastases. Christophi, C; Fifis, T; Kastrappis, G; Paolini, R; Perini, MV; Vallejo Ardila, DL; Walsh, KA, 2020)	2
"Captopril treatment increased survival from thoracic irradiation to 75% at 150 days compared with 0% survival in vehicle-treated animals."	( Captopril reduces lung inflammation and accelerated senescence in response to thoracic radiation in mice. Bolduc, DL; Bouten, RM; Day, RM; George, J; Mattapallil, JJ; McCart, EA; Mog, SR; Mungunsukh, O; Panganiban, RAM; Rittase, WB; Snow, AL, 2021)	2.79
"Captopril treatment reduced lung apoptosis, as demonstrated by lower TUNEL‑positive cells, higher Bcl‑2, and lower cleaved caspase‑3 protein levels in the lung."	( Association between ACE2/ACE balance and pneumocyte apoptosis in a porcine model of acute pulmonary thromboembolism with cardiac arrest. An, L; Li, CS; Liu, QT; Tong, N; Xiao, HL; Xie, MR; Yang, J; Zhao, LX, 2018)	1.2
"Captopril treatment showed a protective and comparable effect with MP treatment in AP rat model."	( Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Captopril Compared to Methylprednisolone in L-Arginine-Induced Acute Pancreatitis. El-Ashmawy, NE; El-Bahrawy, HA; Hamada, OB; Khedr, NF, 2018)	2.18
"Captopril treatment equally attenuated cerebral herniation and hematoma expansion but was less effective in stopping albumin extravasation and allowed cerebrum volume to increase to post-stroke levels after 60 days of treatment."	( Post-stroke losartan and captopril treatments arrest hemorrhagic expansion in SHRsp without lowering blood pressure. Negandhi, A; Smeda, JS; Stuckless, J; Watson, D, 2018)	1.51
"Captopril treatment could lower blood pressure, improve renal injury, and suppress renal inflammation and NF-κB activation in SHR rats."	( Captopril alleviates hypertension-induced renal damage, inflammation, and NF-κB activation. Gan, Z; Huang, D; Jiang, J; Ke, Y; Li, H; Li, Y, 2018)	2.64
"Captopril treatment was administered via gavage (50 mg/kg/d), while rhTIMP-1 treatment was administered via the tail vein (60 μg/kg/36 h)."	( Renin-angiotensin system activation and imbalance of matrix metalloproteinase-9/tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in cold-induced stroke. Deng, YT; Li, CG; Li, HM; Li, MC; Liu, SQ; Su, YY; Wei, JP; Xie, HF; Yan, ZX; Zheng, WX, 2019)	1.24
"Captopril and rhTIMP-1 treatment inhibited MMP-9 expression and activation and decreased stroke incidence in response to cold exposure."	( Renin-angiotensin system activation and imbalance of matrix metalloproteinase-9/tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in cold-induced stroke. Deng, YT; Li, CG; Li, HM; Li, MC; Liu, SQ; Su, YY; Wei, JP; Xie, HF; Yan, ZX; Zheng, WX, 2019)	1.24
"In captopril-treated rats, propofol further increased arterial relaxation through a non-NO-dependent vasodilating pathway (e.g., endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor), which may account for enhanced vasodilation during propofol exposure in patients treated with ACE inhibitors."	( Propofol increases vascular relaxation in aging rats chronically treated with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril. Bourque, SL; Davidge, ST; Gragasin, FS, 2013)	1.11
"Captopril treatment significantly reduced protein abundance of ACE, ANG II, AT1R and TGF-β."	( Renin angiotensin system blockade ameliorates lead nephropathy. Chiou, TT; Hsu, CY; Huang, PC; Lee, CT; Lee, YT; Ng, HY; Tain, YL, 2013)	1.11
"Captopril-treated embryos were hypotensive by 19% with baroreflex slopes ∼40% steeper and normalized gains ∼50% higher than controls, and differences across treatments were similar using either analytical method."	( ANG II and baroreflex control of heart rate in embryonic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Burggren, WW; Crossley, DA; Mueller, CA, 2013)	1.11
"Captopril treatment significantly elevated the reduced glutathione level and Na+, K+-ATPase activity, and decreased cytokine and malondialdehyde levels and myeloperoxidase and caspase-3 activities."	( Captopril protects against burn-induced cardiopulmonary injury in rats. Cetinel, S; Contuk, G; Ozdamar, EN; Ozsavcı, D; Sağlam, E; Sehirli, AO; Sener, G; Süleymanoğlu, S, 2014)	2.57
"Captopril pretreatment significantly attenuated LPS-induced pathophysiological changes in the lung, inhibited secretion of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6, reduced the ratio of Ang II to Ang-1-7, and reversed the increased ratio of ACE to ACE2, which was remarkably decreased from 7.07 (LPS only) to 1.71 (LPS + Cap)."	( Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury by regulating the balance between angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Huang, W; Jiang, W; Li, Y; Zeng, Z; Zhang, X; Zhou, M, 2015)	1.14
"The captopril-treated mice showed a decreased level of testosterone (p<0.05) and procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (p<0.05) in serum as compared to those in the control group."	( Involvement of Renin-Angiotensin System in Damage of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Captopril on Bone of Normal Mice. Liu, JX; Wang, L; Zhang, Y, 2015)	1.12
"Captopril treatment also promoted IL-10 & TGF-β production while decreasing that of IL-6 & IL-12 in splenic DCs."	( Captopril inhibits maturation of dendritic cells and maintains their tolerogenic property in atherosclerotic rats. Chen, L; Chen, P; Hu, LQ; Li, HQ; Li, TT; Rong, R; Tang, J; Yin, CS; Zhang, Q, 2015)	2.58
"Captopril treatment also did not counteract the negative alterations in hematology, splenocytes or bone marrow cellularity after either radiation injury or radiation combined skin-burn injury."	( Captopril Increases Survival after Whole-Body Ionizing Irradiation but Decreases Survival when Combined with Skin-Burn Trauma in Mice. Bolduc, DL; Islam, A; Kiang, JG; Swift, JM; Zhai, M, 2015)	2.58
"Captopril treatment and reducing acn-1 activity caused similar effects in a wide range of genetic backgrounds, consistent with the model that they act by the same mechanism."	( Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor Extends Caenorhabditis elegans Life Span. Dietrich, N; Kornfeld, K; Kumar, S, 2016)	1.16
"Captopril treatment had resulted in elevated urinary Ac-SDKP levels, an effect that was eliminated by the co-administration with S17092."	( N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline mediates the anti-fibrotic properties of captopril in unilateral ureteric obstructed BALB/C mice. Chan, GCW; Chan, KW; Huang, XR; Lai, KN; Lan, HY; Tang, SCW; Wu, HJ; Yiu, WH; Zou, A, 2018)	1.43
"Captopril treatment not only decreased vascular intima thickening and serum ADMA concentration but also preserved vascular DDAH activity and endothelium-dependent relaxation in hyperlipidemic rabbits without influence on serum lipid profiles."	( Preservation of vascular DDAH activity contributes to the protection of captopril against endothelial dysfunction in hyperlipidemic rabbits. Feng, M; He, ZM; Lei, YP; Lin, Y; Lu, CW; Xiong, Y, 2017)	1.41
"Post-captopril treatment, UENOm 2316.30 +/- 1392 and after APL was 1514.49 +/- 685 nmol\\mL\\minute (ns)."	( [Increase glomerular filtration rate and urinary excretion of nitric oxide metabolites in diabetes. Modification with low captopril doses treatment]. Osorio-Bretón, Mdel P, )	0.79
"Captopril treatment resulted in indirect myocardial effects of reduced afterload and direct effects of increased contractility."	( Contrasting effects of steroids and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors in a mouse model of dystrophin-deficient cardiomyopathy. Bauer, R; Blain, A; Bushby, K; MacGowan, GA; Straub, V, 2009)	1.07
"Captopril treatment decreased body weight in the first 2 weeks of treatment."	( Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition lowers body weight and improves glucose tolerance in C57BL/6J mice maintained on a high fat diet. Begg, DP; Jois, M; Spark, KJ; Stanley, TK; Weisinger, HS; Weisinger, RS, 2009)	1.07
"The captopril group was treated with oral captopril (0.2 mg/kg/day) for 12 months."	( Effect of captopril on pulmonary artery pressure following corrective surgery for tetralogy of fallot. Dong, MF; Ma, SJ; Ma, ZS; Wang, JT; Wang, LX, )	1.01
"Captopril treatment prevents postsurgical increases in systolic PAP and circulating ET-1."	( Effect of captopril on pulmonary artery pressure following corrective surgery for tetralogy of fallot. Dong, MF; Ma, SJ; Ma, ZS; Wang, JT; Wang, LX, )	1.26
"Captopril treatment for 7 days prior to irradiation resulted in radiosensitization with 100% lethality and a rapid decline in mature blood cells."	( Timing of captopril administration determines radiation protection or radiation sensitization in a murine model of total body irradiation. Amare, MF; Barshishat-Kupper, M; Davis, TA; Day, RM; Landauer, MR; Mog, SR; Zins, SR, 2010)	1.48
"Captopril treatment was started in the pre-hypertensive state."	( Kinetics of cardiac and vascular remodeling by spontaneously hypertensive rats after discontinuation of long-term captopril treatment. Baldo, MP; Dantas, EM; Lunz, W; Mill, JG; Pimentel, EB; Rocha, WA; Rodrigues, SL, 2010)	1.29
"Captopril treatment (50 mg kg(-1) d(-1)) initiated at the first signs of stroke (seizures) increased the lifespan of SHRsp from 10 +/- 3 to 124 +/- 18 days without lowering blood pressure and restored CBF autoregulation within 10 days."	( Captopril treatment temporarily restores cerebral blood flow autoregulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats after hemorrhagic stroke. Davis, LA; Smeda, JS, 2010)	2.52
"Captopril treatment alone prevented further deterioration but did not improve myocardial function; relatively few transcripts were differentially expressed relative to untreated SHR-F."	( Transcriptional changes associated with recovery from heart failure in the SHR. Bing, OH; Brooks, WW; Conrad, CH; Deng, LL; Goldstein, RH; Shen, S, 2010)	1.08
"Captopril treatment does not alleviated but even worsened the above alterations."	( Mitochondrial function in heart and kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rats: influence of captopril treatment. Ferko, M; Mujkosová, J; Polák, S; Ulicná, O; Vancová, O; Vlkovicová, J; Waczulíková, I; Ziegelhöffer, A, 2010)	1.3
"Both captopril and losartan treatments reduced the inflammatory, vasoconstrictor, and profibrotic effects present at 48 hours (p<0.001)."	( Mitigating effects of captopril and losartan on lung histopathology in a rat model of fat embolism. Adler, F; Herndon, B; Lankachandra, K; McIff, TE; Molteni, A; Poisner, AM, 2011)	1.14
"Captopril treatment slightly decreased mean arterial pressure but not heart rate in all groups."	( High sugar intake via the renin-angiotensin system blunts the baroreceptor reflex in adult rats that were perinatally depleted of taurine. Jirakulsomchok, D; Roysommuti, S; Thaeomor, A; Wyss, JM, 2010)	1.08
"Captopril treatment postirradiation suppressed radiation-induced HIF activation and EPO expression."	( Captopril modulates hypoxia-inducible factors and erythropoietin responses in a murine model of total body irradiation. Barshishat-Kupper, M; Davis, TA; Day, RM; Landauer, MR; McCart, EA; Mungunsukh, O; Panganiban, RA; Tipton, AJ, 2011)	2.53
"Captopril treatment decreased the hepatic content of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10."	( Effect of captopril on TNF-α and IL-10 in the livers of bile duct ligated rats. Amirshahrokhi, K; Ghazi-khansari, M; Karimian, G; Mohammadi-Farani, A, 2010)	2.21
"Captopril and ramipril treated groups showed a significantly smaller increase in systolic BP (25.47 ± 3.685, 20.21 ± 3.306) and greater serum SOD (27.33 ± 2.338, 28.95 ± 1.143) and catalase (181.7 ± 8.407, 187.9 ± 8.497) activity, respectively, than the hypertensive rats."	( Modulation of hemodynamics, endogenous antioxidant enzymes, and pathophysiological changes by Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in pressure-overload rats. Inamdar, MN; Kulkarni, C; Kulkarni, KS; Moinuddin, G, )	0.85
"Captopril treatment caused reduction in MABP, regression of LVWT and alterations in bradykinin (BK)-forming components."	( The effects of captopril on cardiac regression, blood pressure and bradykinin components in diabetic Wistar Kyoto rats. Kesavarao, U; Sharma, JN, )	1.21
"Captopril treatment of burn and smoke animals improved PaO2/FiO2 ratio and pulmonary shunt fraction and reduced the degree of lung edema."	( The Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril inhibits poly(adp-ribose) polymerase activation and exerts beneficial effects in an ovine model of burn and smoke injury. Asmussen, S; Bartha, E; Cox, RA; Enkhbaatar, P; Hawkins, HK; Ito, H; Olah, G; Rehberg, SW; Sbrana, E; Szabo, C; Traber, DL; Traber, LD; Yamamoto, Y, 2011)	1.35
"Captopril treatment reversed ANG II effects on IK and IK1 in a PI3-K-independent manner."	( Regulation of the instantaneous inward rectifier and the delayed outward rectifier potassium channels by Captopril and Angiotensin II via the Phosphoinositide-3 kinase pathway in volume-overload-induced hypertrophied cardiac myocytes. Alvin, ZV; Coleman, BR; Haddad, GE; Hajj-Moussa, M; Laurence, GG; Zhao, A, 2011)	1.3
"Captopril treatment improved macular edema in 55.45% eyes, which was significantly higher than the 37.39% improvement in placebo group (P = 0.002)."	( Treatment effects of captopril on non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Jin, HY; Wang, N; Xu, X; Zheng, Z, 2012)	1.42
"In captopril-treated SHRs performing exercise, expression of mRNA for decorin, a natural inhibitor of TGF-β(1), was up-regulated."	( Adverse cardiac remodelling in spontaneously hypertensive rats: acceleration by high aerobic exercise intensity. da Costa Rebelo, RM; Schlüter, KD; Schreckenberg, R, 2012)	0.89
"Captopril treatment significantly increased plasma insulin in all groups except CG (the greatest increase was in TDG)."	( Perinatal taurine imbalance alters the interplay of renin-angiotensin system and estrogen on glucose-insulin regulation in adult female rats. Khimsuksri, S; Lerdweeraphon, W; Roysommuti, S; Thaeomor, A; Wyss, JM, 2013)	1.11
"Captopril pretreatment for 28 days decreased the infarct area by 25%."	( Protection against ischemia and improvement of cerebral blood flow in genetically hypertensive rats by chronic pretreatment with an angiotensin II AT1 antagonist. Bregonzio, C; Falcón-Neri, A; Ito, T; Saavedra, JM; Terrón, JA; Yamakawa, H, 2002)	1.04
"Captopril treatment returned both the blood pressure and erectile response to control levels."	( Captopril treatment reverses erectile dysfunction in male stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Dorrance, AM; Lewis, RW; Mills, TM, 2002)	2.48
"Captopril treatment for 10 weeks after MI did not decrease the 11C-DAG radioactivity in the infarcted area further."	( Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on myocardial phosphoinositide metabolism visualised with 1-[1-11C]-butyryl-2-palmitoyl-rac-glycerol in myocardial infarction in the rat. Chida, M; Fujii, R; Fukuchi, M; Ido, T; Imahori, Y; Kagaya, Y; Namiuchi, S; Otani, H; Shirato, K; Takeda, M; Tezuka, F; Watanabe, J; Yamane, Y, 2002)	1.04
"Captopril-treated, OVA-immunized mice also exhibited a decrease in OVA DTH."	( Captopril prevents experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Engman, DM; Fornek, JL; Godsel, LM; Leon, JS; Molteni, A; Wang, K, 2003)	2.48
"Captopril treatment of confluent monolayers (2-8 weeks) followed by slow starvation (2-4 weeks) increased EC viability by approximately 200%."	( ACE inhibition actively promotes cell survival by altering gene expression. Castellon, R; Hamdi, HK, 2003)	1.04
"Captopril plus OIR treated animals had higher levels of retinal VEGF mRNA and protein at P12 (p < 0.05) and lower levels at P17 (p < 0.05) than OIR animals. "	( Captopril and vascular endothelial growth factor in a mouse model of retinopathy. Barr, SM; Geng, Y; Higgins, RD; Sharma, J; Yan, Y, 2003)	3.2
"Captopril treatment during oxygen exposure is associated with a reduction in the angiogenic response at day 17 as manifested by decreased VEGF and VEGF-R2 expression in retinal tissue."	( Captopril and vascular endothelial growth factor in a mouse model of retinopathy. Barr, SM; Geng, Y; Higgins, RD; Sharma, J; Yan, Y, 2003)	2.48
"Captopril-treatment (4 mg/kg) of AhR-null mice from 2 to 5 months of age significantly decreased MAP and plasma Ang II, but did not affect ET-1."	( Cardiac hypertrophy in aryl hydrocarbon receptor null mice is correlated with elevated angiotensin II, endothelin-1, and mean arterial blood pressure. Goens, MB; Kanagy, NL; Lund, AK; Walker, MK, 2003)	1.04
"Captopril treatment delayed the onset of proteinuria when administered to prenephritic mice, whereas verapamil did not. "	( An ACE inhibitor reduces Th2 cytokines and TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 isoforms in murine lupus nephritis. Adams, DE; Boivin, GP; Brunner, HI; De Albuquerque, DA; Saxena, V; Singh, RR; Witte, DP, 2004)	1.77
"Captopril treatment markedly increased the BK hypotensive effect and significantly decreased angiotensin I conversion."	( Angiotensin-(1-7) antagonist A-779 attenuates the potentiation of bradykinin by captopril in rats. Campagnole-Santos, MJ; de Carvalho, MH; Fernandes, L; Maia, LG; Ramos, MC; Souza dos Santos, RA, 2004)	1.27
"Captopril or losartan treatment showed profound protective effects under these conditions, significantly blunting the increase in all these parameters caused by ischemia and reperfusion."	( Role of the renin-angiotensin system in hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. Arteel, GE; Doll, MA; Guo, L; Hein, DW; Richardson, KS; Tucker, LM, 2004)	1.04
"The captopril-treated group had reduced plasma platelet-activating factor and coronary media revealed earlier upregulation of thrombospondin-1 secretion, diminished vascular endothelial growth factor and no angiogenic activity. "	( Captopril suppresses post-transplantation angiogenic activity in rat allograft coronary vessels. Backer, CL; Crawford, SE; Huang, L; Huang, X; Mavroudis, C; Mu, Y; Pahl, E; Stellmach, V; Volpert, OV, 2004)	2.32
"Captopril treatment (3 mg/kg/day, i.v.) was taken in some rats after homocysteine administration."	( A reduction of endogenous asymmetric dimethylarginine contributes to the effect of captopril on endothelial dysfunction induced by homocysteine in rats. Fu, YF; Guo, Z; Xiong, Y, 2005)	1.27
"Captopril treatment significantly reduced cardiac mass (3.5 vs."	( Inhibition of NF-kappaB induces regression of cardiac hypertrophy, independent of blood pressure control, in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Gupta, S; Sen, S; Young, D, 2005)	1.05
"The captopril-treated diabetic rats showed a strong trend towards reduced albumin excretion (0.12 +/- 0.04 mg/24 hours; P = 0.06 vs untreated diabetic rats)."	( Inhibition of both neutral endopeptidase and endothelin-converting enzyme by SLV306 reduces proteinuria and urinary albumin excretion in diabetic rats. Godes, M; Hocher, B; Neumayer, HH; Richter, CM; Simon, K; Thöne-Reinke, C; Thormählen, D, 2004)	0.8
"Captopril treatment reduced MBP without affecting either NOx level or NOS-3 expression in aortas of diabetic SHR."	( Effect of diabetes on aortic nitric oxide synthesis in spontaneously hypertensive rats; does captopril modulate this effect? Ibrahim, MA; Kanzaki, T; Satoh, N; Ueda, S; Yamagata, S, 2005)	1.27
"Captopril treatment was found to be beneficial in all parameters, except colonic glutathione content."	( The effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on experimental colitis in rats. Alican, I; Ercan, F; Gedik, N; Jahovic, N; Sener, G; Yüksel, M, 2005)	1.05
"In captopril-treated HS-2 rats, glomerular filtration rate decline and mortality were significantly blunted as compared with all other groups (50% mortality after week 12)."	( Control of hypertension with captopril affords better renal protection as compared with irbesartan in salt-loaded uremic rats. Aladjem, M; Averbukh, Z; Berman, S; Cohn, M; Efrati, S; Galperin, E; Modai, D; Rapoport, M; Weissgarten, J, 2005)	1.13
"The captopril treatment (16 and 32 ug/kg, i.v.) resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) increase in survival time of SHR as compared with saline-treated control SHR."	( A bradykinin antagonist abolishes beneficial effect of captopril on duration of survival after acute coronary artery ligation in hypertensive rats. Abbas, SA; Sharma, JN, 2005)	1.06
"Captopril treatment in spontaneously hypertensive rats lowered mean arterial pressure, angiotensin II, oxidative stress, and endothelin, and increased plasma renin activity."	( Effects of captopril on the renin angiotensin system, oxidative stress, and endothelin in normal and hypertensive rats. Bolterman, RJ; Juncos, LA; Manriquez, MC; Ortiz Ruiz, MC; Romero, JC, 2005)	1.44
"Captopril treatment reversed the increments in pressure back to normal values by the fourth week."	( Effects of captopril on cardiac and renal damage, and metabolic alterations in the nitric oxide-deficient hypertensive rat. Al-Shabanah, O; Khattab, MM; Mostafa, A, 2005)	1.44
"Captopril treatment normalized NOSIII expression in vessels and the myocardium, reduced superoxide levels, and prevented NOSIII uncoupling."	( Mechanisms of increased vascular superoxide production in an experimental model of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. August, M; Baldus, S; Daiber, A; Fleming, I; Hink, U; Kleschyov, AL; Materne, A; Mollnau, H; Münzel, T; Nickenig, G; Oelze, M; Schulz, E; Wendt, M; Wenzel, P, 2005)	1.05
"Captopril treatment doubled the life expectancy when compared with vehicle-treated rats. "	( Low-dose lithium combined with captopril prevents stroke and improves survival in salt-loaded, stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Blume, A; Culman, J; Gohlke, P; Kreutz, R; Rösch, N; Scholz, A; Unger, T; Xu, J, 2005)	2.06
"Captopril plus usual treatment, improved serum creatinine and decreased proteinuria in parallel with prostaglandin E2 reduction. "	( Captopril effect on prostaglandin E2, thromboxane B2 and proteinuria in lupus nephritis patients. Daza, L; Flores, J; Kornhauser, C; Zamora, L, 2005)	3.21
"Captopril treatment accentuated the functional (BUN 119.0 +/- 4.0 mg/dL; p <0.01 vs."	( Mitigation of radiation nephropathy after internal alpha-particle irradiation of kidneys. Hyjek, E; Jaggi, JS; McDevitt, MR; Scheinberg, DA; Seshan, SV; Sgouros, G, 2006)	1.06
"Captopril treatment significantly reduced the lung coefficient and the protein contents, the total number of cells and the percentage of neutrophils and eosinophils in BALF."	( [Protective effects of captopril on hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal rats]. Li, JJ; Xue, XD; Yu, ZL, 2006)	1.37
"Captopril pretreatment also decreased meconium-induced cell death and angiotensinogen expression."	( Inhibition of meconium-induced cytokine expression and cell apoptosis by pretreatment with captopril. Bhat, R; Chari, G; Navale, S; Vidyasagar, D; Zagariya, A, 2006)	1.28
"Captopril treatment significantly decreased the inflammatory cells infiltration, the level of protein, concentrations of TNF-alpha, PGE2, NO and MCP-1 in the aqueous humor."	( Captopril suppresses inflammation in endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats. Ilieva, I; Jin, XH; Kase, S; Ohgami, K; Ohno, S; Shiratori, K; Suzuki, Y; Yoshida, K, 2006)	2.5
"The captopril treatment (16 and 32 microg/kg; i.v.) resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) increase in survival time of SHR when compared with that of saline-treated control SHR."	( Effect of captopril in the presence of kinin B2 receptor antagonist on duration of survival after prolonged coronary artery ligation in hypertensive rats. Abbas, SA; Sharma, JN, 2006)	1.22
"Captopril treatment attenuated the fall in LVF."	( Captopril prevents myosin light chain phosphatase isoform switching to preserve normal cGMP-mediated vasodilatation. Brozovich, FV; Chen, FC; Hoit, BD; Ogut, O; Rhee, AY, 2006)	2.5
"Captopril-treated mice immunized with AdLacZ or AdGFP vectors did not generate or generated decreased numbers of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, respectively."	( Captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, promotes growth of immunogenic tumors in mice. Kazimierczak, U; Kowalczyk, DW; Kwiatkowska, EP; Mackiewicz, A; Suchorska, W; Wysocki, PJ, 2006)	2.5
"Captopril treatment normalized the sympathetic BP component and significantly reduced residual BP (measured at full NP-induced vasodilation)."	( Antihypertensive mechanisms of chronic captopril or N-acetylcysteine treatment in L-NAME hypertensive rats. Dobesová, Z; Kunes, J; Zicha, J, 2006)	1.32
"Captopril treatment restored middle cerebral artery constriction to pressure, NOS inhibition, and bradykinin vasodilation temporarily after 7 to 18 days of treatment, after which function deteriorated to a level observed in SHRsp at stroke."	( Effects of poststroke losartan versus captopril treatment on myogenic and endothelial function in the cerebrovasculature of SHRsp. McGuire, JJ; Smeda, JS, 2007)	1.33
"Both captopril-treated groups improved EF% similarly."	( Cellular cardiomyoplasty in large myocardial infarction: can the beneficial effect be enhanced by ACE-inhibitor therapy? Campos de Carvalho, AC; Costa-E-Sousa, RH; Goldenberg, RC; Masuda, MO; Mattos, EC; Olivares, EL; Pinho-Ribeiro, V; Ribeiro, KC; Silva, MG; Werneck-de-Castro, JP, )	0.59
"The captopril-treated group received captopril daily (30 mg/kg) by intragastric administration between the 7th and 21st days of hyperoxia exposure."	( [Protection of captopril against chronic lung disease induced by hyperoxia in neonatal rats]. Li, JJ; Xue, XD, 2007)	1.17
"Captopril treatment reduced significantly the protein and mRNA expressions of ACE, Ang II and type I collagen compared the model and normal saline groups on the 14th and 21st days, although the values were significantly higher than the air group (P < 0.05 )."	( [Protection of captopril against chronic lung disease induced by hyperoxia in neonatal rats]. Li, JJ; Xue, XD, 2007)	1.41
"Captopril treatment reducd hydrogen peroxide and 8-isoprostane concentrations."	( Vascular Angiotensin type 1 receptor expression is associated with vascular dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation in fructose-fed rats. Abedi, K; Eslami, P; Nyby, MD; Smutko, V; Tuck, ML, 2007)	1.06
"Both captopril-treated mice and losartan-treated mice showed a decrease in myosin-specific autoantibody production."	( Comparison of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II receptor blockade for the prevention of experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Bahk, TJ; Daniels, MD; Engman, DM; Leon, JS; Wang, K, 2008)	0.8
"Captopril treatment did not correct the hyperinsulinemia or impaired glucose tolerance in ob/ob mice."	( Captopril normalizes insulin signaling and insulin-regulated substrate metabolism in obese (ob/ob) mouse hearts. Abel, ED; Buchanan, J; Cooksey, RC; Tabbi-Anneni, I, 2008)	2.51
"Captopril treatment was given to 30 children aged 8 months to 16 years (mean age 10.1 years) with renal hypertension when combinations of one or more of betablockers, diuretics, clonidine and hydralazine had failed to reduce blood pressure in the majority of the children. "	( Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor treatment of hypertension in infancy and childhood. Aurell, M; Jodal, U; Sigström, L, 1984)	1.71
"Captopril and enalapril treatment of hypertensive patients increased total serum ACE, the increase being evident after removal of the active drug from the serum by prolonged storage or chloramine T treatment (captopril) or by dialysis (enalapril)."	( Regulation of angiotensin converting enzyme. Forslund, T; Fyhrquist, F; Grönhagen-Riska, C; Hortling, L; Tikkanen, I, 1983)	0.99
"Thus captopril-treated patients had blunted reflex tachycardia, commensurate with blunted baroreflex function at baseline, and physiologic and pharmacologic evidence of diminished sympathetic activity was obtained with captopril therapy."	( Autonomic and baroreflex function after captopril in hypertension. Cohen, IM; O'Connor, DT; Warren, SE, 1983)	0.99
"Captopril is effective treatment for severe heart failure and improves some of the peripheral haemodynamic and respiratory abnormalities."	( Effects of captopril on abnormalities of the peripheral circulation and respiratory function in patients with severe heart failure. Cowley, AJ; Hampton, JR; Rowley, JM; Stainer, K, 1984)	1.38
"Captopril treatment of uncomplicated hypertension may be initiated with 37.5 mg/day--half the currently recommended dose."	( Low-dose captopril for the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. I. Results of a 14-week trial. Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents. , 1984)	2.13
"In captopril-treated animals, PRA increased 3- to 4-fold after each dose of the drug was given, reaching a maximum at 3 to 6 hr, a time corresponding to the maximal blood pressure decrease."	( Antihypertensive activity of captopril (SQ 14,225), an orally active inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme in conscious two-kidney perinephritic hypertensive dogs. Boccagno, JA; Horovitz, ZP; Murthy, VS; Steinbacher, TE; Vollmer, RR, 1981)	1.07
"Captopril treatment did not affect the size of these lesions."	( Alteration of the granulomatous response in murine schistosomiasis by the chronic administration of captopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Boros, DL; Weinstock, JV, 1981)	1.2
"Captopril pretreatment did not influence the results."	( The renin-angiotensin system in aminoglycoside-induced acute renal failure. Aronoff, GR; Connors, BA; Evan, AP; Kleit, SA; Luft, FC; Weinberger, MH, 1982)	0.99
"Captopril treatment was effective in the rats with established hypertension and decreased the blood pressures to nearly normal values."	( Dissociation of the effect of captopril on blood pressure and angiotensin converting enzyme in serum and lungs of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Forslund, T; Fyhrquist, F; Grönhagen-Riska, C; Tikkanen, I, 1981)	1.27
"Captopril pretreatment sensitized the animals to the analgesic effects of morphine while angiotensin II exerted an attenuating influence."	( Adrenal involvement in captopril-induced potentiation of morphine analgesia. Chatterjee, TK; Das, S; Ghosh, JJ, 1982)	1.3
"Captopril treatment resulted in a rapid decrease of ACE in pulmonary and kidney plasma membranes and a simultaneously increase of serum ACE activity during the first day of treatment."	( Effect of time and dose on angiotensin converting enzyme during captopril treatment in the rat. Forslund, T, 1983)	1.23
"When captopril treatment was given for six days to rats maintained on long-term sodium restriction (at least four weeks) urinary sodium increased, although transiently; at the end of the study, renal vasodilatation together with a redistribution of glomerular blood flow to nonsuperficial glomeruli was observed."	( Renal adaptation to sodium deprivation. Effect of captopril in the rat. Casellas, D; Jover, B; Mimran, A, 1984)	0.98
"Captopril treatment in five rats (10 mg/kg orally) improved GBF to blocked nephrons to 252 +/- 31 nl/min."	( Angiotensin in the hemodynamic response to chronic nephron obstruction. Carmines, PK; Tanner, GA, 1983)	0.99
"Captopril-treated sodium-deprived rats failed to reduce urinary sodium excretion sufficiently and entered a period of marked and sustained negative sodium balance."	( Influence of captopril on fluid and electrolyte balances and adrenocortical responses during sodium deprivation in the rat. Henderson, IW; McKeever, A; Mosley, W; Oliver, JA, 1983)	1.36
"Captopril treatment, over ten days, significantly lowered blood pressure in the group drinking water only but failed to significantly alter the blood pressure of SHR drinking a choice of water and 0.9% saline."	( Failure of captopril to lower blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats offered water and saline to drink. DiNicolantonio, R, )	1.24
"In captopril-treated male rats, angiotensin II (AII) was continuously infused by osmotic minipumps at a rate of 5 micrograms/h."	( Papillary plasma flow in rats. II. Hormonal control. Bankir, L; Bayle, F; Eloy, L; Grünfeld, JP; Ramos-Frendo, B; Trinh-Trang-Tan, MM, 1983)	0.78
"Captopril treatment also strongly increased the mesenteric vessels compliance, vessel stiffness being decreased by 16%, and reduced their contractility (-15%) and their W/L ratio (-30%)."	( Compared myocardial and vascular effects of captopril and dihydralazine during hypertension development in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Freslon, JL; Giudicelli, JF, 1983)	1.25
"Captopril treatment always resulted in a dramatic decrease in renal function; in two patients complete anuria developed."	( Captopril-induced deterioration of graft function in patients with a transplant renal artery stenosis. Donker, AJ; Hoorntje, SJ; Slooff, MJ; Tegzess, AM; van der Slikke, LB; van der Woude, FJ; van Son, WJ, 1983)	2.43
"captopril pretreatment or high salt intake), prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors have no effect on the pressor response to exogenous angiotensin II."	( Indomethacin and angiotensin II pressor responsiveness: importance of dietary sodium. Fung, HY; Smyth, DD, 1984)	0.99
"The captopril is then treated with N-ethylmaleimide, purified on XAD-2 resin, eluted with ethyl acetate, and methylated prior to its determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring."	( Determination of total captopril in human plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring after reduction of disulfides. Cohen, AI; Ivashkiv, E; McKinstry, DN, 1984)	1.06
"Captopril-treated pigs experienced a significant increase in %Rd at 60 min, which was followed in 20 min by a significant increase in pancreatic insulin secretion."	( Hepatosplanchnic insulin kinetics in awake endotoxemic Yucatan minipigs: the "misinformed B-cell" hypothesis revisited. Chandrasena, LG; Cleek, JL; Fettman, MJ; Hand, MS; Mason, RA; Phillips, RW, 1984)	0.99
"Captopril treatment increased renal function in 64% of patients on long-term therapy."	( Captopril treatment of hypertension and renal failure in systemic lupus erythematosus. Aurell, M; Edenö, C; Herlitz, H; Mulec, H; Westberg, G, 1984)	2.43
"Captopril was used for treatment resistant arterial hypertension in 17 dialysis patients. "	( Captopril treatment in hypertensive dialysis patients. Aurell, M; Delin, K; Herlitz, H; Mulec, H, 1982)	3.15
"Captopril was given for treatment of hypertension alone or in combination with diuretics to 32 patients for 1- to 4-mo periods. "	( Long-term effects of captopril in hypertension. Hata, T; Iwanaga, K; Kumahara, Y; Maruyama, A; Mikami, H; Naka, T; Nakamaru, M; Ogihara, T, 1980)	2.02
"Captopril-treated rats also preferred 5% glucose solution to distilled water, as did untreated controls."	( Effect of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, on NaCl appetite of rats. Fregly, MJ, 1980)	1.23
"Captopril treatment was started at the age of 20 months."	( Successful acute and long-term treatment of renin-induced hypertension in two infants with captopril. Hayduk, K; Rosendahl, W, 1980)	1.2
"When captopril treatment was later withdrawn in three patients, angiotensin II and aldosterone levels increased in parallel, while plasma potassium remained steady."	( Angiotensin II is more potent than potassium in regulating aldosterone in cardiac failure: evidence during captopril therapy. Espiner, EA; Ikram, H; Lun, S; Maslowski, AH; Nicholls, MG; Scandrett, MS, 1981)	0.93
"2. Captopril treatment did not cause any significant fall in supine blood pressure in salt-replete normal subjects or patients with untreated essential hypertension but was associated with a fall in mean blood pressure from 85 +/- 2 to 75 +/- 2 mmHg in salt-depleted normal subjects and from 131 +/- 7 to 117 +/- 5 mmHg in patients with essential hypertension treated with diuretics."	( Acute effects of captopril on blood pressure and circulating hormone levels in salt-replete and depleted normal subjects and essential hypertensive patients. Johnston, CI; Matthews, PG; McGrath, BP; Millar, JA, 1981)	1.12
"Captopril treatment changed the diurnal excretion pattern for UNaV and UV characteristically."	( Influence of captopril on 24-hour balances and the diurnal patterns of urinary output, blood pressure, aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide in conscious dogs. Boemke, W; Corea, M; Mohnhaupt, R; Palm, U; Reinhardt, HW; Seeliger, E, )	1.22
"Captopril-treated patients reported a positive change in well being compared with placebo, although there was no overall difference between the drugs in any of the ten quality of life measurements."	( Comparison of verapamil and captopril in elderly hypertensive subjects: results of a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Ben-Ishay, D; Bursztyn, M; Fidel, J; Ghanem, J; Kobrin, I, 1993)	1.3
"Captopril pretreatment [50 mg every 8 h for 3 days plus 0.5 mg/kg intravenously (i.v.) at induction of anesthesia] attenuated development of acute heart failure associated with RRVP, maintaining normal cardiac output (CO) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures (PCWP)."	( Captopril attenuates pacing-induced acute heart failure by increasing total vascular capacitance. Ogilvie, RI; Zborowska-Sluis, D, 1993)	2.45
"In captopril-treated rabbits, liver and glomerular AT1R mRNA levels increased 242 +/- 125 and 141 +/- 60%, respectively (n = 6-7; P < 0.05), as determined by quantitative PCR."	( Angiotensin II upregulates type-1 angiotensin II receptors in renal proximal tubule. Becker, BN; Burns, KD; Cheng, HF; Harris, RC, 1995)	0.81
"Captopril treatment has been effective in normalizing blood pressure but induced a severe anemia necessitating frequent transfusions."	( [Aggravation of anemia in a hypertensive hemodialysis patient by captopril treatment]. Cordonnier, DJ; Forêt, M; Hachache, T; Kuentz, F; Meftahi, H; Milongo, R, 1995)	1.25
"Captopril treatment effectively blunted both the norepinephrine increase and cardiac dilation in the DD-genotype group."	( Deletion-type allele of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene is associated with progressive ventricular dilation after anterior myocardial infarction. Captopril and Thrombolysis Study Investigators. Kingma, JH; Pinto, YM; Schunkert, H; van Gilst, WH, 1995)	1.21
"Both captopril treatment and losartan treatment completely blocked the development of hypertension in diabetic SHR."	( Antihypertensive and renal-protective effects of losartan in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Abe, K; Fu, LP; Kanazawa, M; Kohzuki, M; Obara, K; Saito, T; Yasujima, M; Yoshida, K, 1995)	0.75
"Captopril-treated (n = 8, captopril 12.5 mg.kg-1/d) group which received captopril 7 days before to 4 wk after angioplasty were examined by dot blot hybridization."	( [Effects of captopril on platelet-derived growth factor ligand and receptor gene expression of vascular wall after balloon angioplasty]. Fang, NY; Lu, HH; Zheng, DS, 1995)	1.39
"Captopril treatment for 6 weeks in adult, 24-week-old SHR did not reduce blood pressure to the level of rats treated from 4 weeks of age."	( Blood pressure after captopril withdrawal from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Jackson, EK; Kost, CK; Li, P, 1995)	1.33
"Captopril pretreatment attenuated the rise in GFR following arginine infusion in normal subjects."	( Amino acid-induced hyperfiltration--mediators and effect of captopril. Fushimi, T; Hasegawa, A; Hayashi, I; Kobayashi, M; Mizuiri, S; Nagasaki, N; Nakanishi, T; Sakai, K; Tanaka, T, 1994)	1.25
"The captopril treatment had no effect on bone marrow ablation by TBI."	( Prophylaxis of bone marrow transplant nephropathy with captopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Cohen, EP; Fish, BL; Hill, P; Moulder, JE, 1993)	1.01
"Captopril treatment significantly increased the urinary excretion of PGE2 (P = 0.038)."	( Effect of low-dose aspirin on thromboxane production and the antihypertensive effect of captopril. Coffman, TM; Smith, SR; Svetkey, LP, 1993)	1.23
"Captopril-pretreated rats with cirrhosis had a significantly higher RBF (+26%) and 24-hour urinary sodium excretion (+52%) but no significant differences in GFR and SNGFR compared to cirrhotic rats without captopril pretreatment."	( Renal effects of atrial natriuretic peptide in cirrhotic rats with and without captopril pretreatment. Brabant, G; Brunkhorst, R; Koch, KM; Malcharzik, C; Wrenger, E, 1993)	1.23
"Captopril-treated rats exposed to 60 Gy/10 fractions did not exhibit this transient increase in right lung density."	( Radiation pneumonitis in rats and its modification by the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril evaluated by high-resolution computed tomography. Behnia, R; Jalali, N; Lin, PJ; Ward, WF; Wong, PS, 1993)	1.22
"Some captopril-treated rats were taken off treatment at 2 months of age, and then some of these rats were mated at 3 months of age."	( Prevention of genetic hypertension by early treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats with the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril. Berecek, KH; Wu, JN, 1993)	0.94
"Captopril treatment or its combination with hitherto used antihypertensive treatment was associated after two months with a significant drop of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure from 150/95 (120/70-195/110) to 130/90 (110/65-180/115) mmHg, (p < 0.005 < 0.05)."	( [Changes in blood pressure, proteinuria and renal hemodynamics in type I diabetes with manifestations of diabetic nephropathy after 2 months of captopril therapy]. Komers, R; Malý, J; Simková, R, 1993)	1.21
"Captopril treatment was associated with a 50 percent reduction in the risk of the combined end points of death, dialysis, and transplantation that was independent of the small disparity in blood pressure between the groups."	( The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy. The Collaborative Study Group. Bain, RP; Hunsicker, LG; Lewis, EJ; Rohde, RD, 1993)	1.01
"In captopril-treated control dogs, 30 min of ischemia induced a 25% fall in renal blood flow (RBF)."	( Interaction between thromboxane A2 and angiotensin II in postischemic renal vasoconstriction in dogs. Abels, BC; Branch, RA; Sabra, R, 1993)	0.8
"Captopril pretreatment was found to reduce ADM-induced micronuclei in polychromatic cells and increase the quantity of protein, RNA and DNA in hepatic cells."	( Effect of captopril on the cytological and biochemical changes induced by adriamycin. al-Harbi, MM, 1993)	1.41
"Captopril-treated SHRs had a collagen type I:III ratio of 6.75 +/- 0.37, which did not differ significantly from that in normotensive WKY."	( Alteration of cardiac collagen phenotypes in hypertensive hypertrophy: role of blood pressure. Mukherjee, D; Sen, S, 1993)	1.01
"Captopril treatment decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (p < 0.05), and increased cardiac index (CI) and stroke volume index (SVI) (p < 0.05)."	( Beneficial effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 in experimental heart failure in rats treated with chronic ACE inhibition. Clark, RG; Gillett, N; Jin, H; Ko, A; Paoni, NF; Yang, R, 1995)	1.01
"Captopril (Tenziomin) treated rats after subtotal (5/6) nephrectomy showed conspicuously better function of kidney tissue remnants than untreated animals. "	( [The effect of Tenziomin on function, morphology and lectin binding in rat kidney remnants after experimental subtotal nephrectomy]. Cervenka, L; Heller, J; Jelínek, F, 1995)	1.73
"Captopril treatment produced a significant reduction in plasma content of lipoprotein(a) ( < 0.05) and at day 30 the plasma content of lipoprotein(a) was also significantly lower than that in the placebo group (p < 0.05)."	( Lipoprotein(a) and oxygen free radicals in survivors of acute myocardial infarction: effects of captopril. Faergeman, O; Klausen, IC; Rungby, J; Søgaard, P; Thygesen, K, )	1.07
"In captopril-treated rats, the induction of PAI-1 expression by balloon injury was significantly suppressed by 44% (P<.05) in the 7 day group but was not altered in the 3-hour group."	( Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition suppresses plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in the neointima of balloon-injured rat aorta. Feener, EP; Gagne, JB; Hamdan, AD; Quist, WC, 1996)	0.81
"The captopril treatment failed to alter the body weight of SHRs and WKY."	( The effect of long-term oral captopril treatment on mesenteric blood flow in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Rozsa, Z; Sonkodi, S, )	0.9
"Captopril treatment is expected to increase survival at certain costs. "	( Economic aspects of treatment with captopril for patients with asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction in The Netherlands. Al, MJ; Kingma, JH; Kragten, JA; Michel, BC; Remme, WJ; van Hout, BA; van Nieuwenhuizen, R, 1996)	2.01
"Captopril treatment significantly increased total glucose uptake (from 19.0 +/- 9.0 to 26.8 +/- 10.1 mmol.kg-1.min-1, P < 0.05) and reduced baseline plasma NE (P < 0.001) and E (P < 0.05) levels."	( Circulating catecholamines and metabolic effects of captopril in NIDDM patients. Cassone-Faldetta, M; De Mattia, G; Ferri, C; Laurenti, O; Piccoli, A; Santucci, A, 1996)	1.27
"In captopril-treated MI rats, BKI decreased (p < 0.05) GFR 22% and RBF 25% and increased (p < 0.05) RVR 32%, UNa 43%, and FENa 28%, whereas indomethacin decreased (p < 0.05) GFR 24% and increased (p < 0.05) UNa 86% and FENa 112%."	( Relative contribution of angiotensin II, bradykinin, and prostaglandins to the renal effects of converting enzyme inhibition in rats after chronic myocardial infarction. Deck, CC; Gaballa, MA; Raya, TE, 1996)	0.81
"Captopril treatment before pregnancy has a prolonged protective effect on maternal renal functions during pregnancy and results in a favourable maternal-fetal outcome."	( Diabetic nephropathy and pregnancy: the effect of ACE inhibitors prior to pregnancy on fetomaternal outcome. Bar, J; Boner, G; Erman, A; Hod, M; Karp, M; Ovadia, J; Peled, Y; Rabinerson, D; van Dijk, DJ; Weintraub, N, 1995)	1.73
"Captopril treatment (3-8 weeks post myocardial infarction), which reversed hypertrophy without affecting the flow capacity of the coronary vascular bed, restored maximal cardiac perfusion."	( Sensitivity to ischemia of chronically infarcted rat hearts; effects of long-term captopril treatment. Kalkman, EA; Saxena, PR; Schoemaker, RG, 1996)	1.24
"Captopril (CAP) treatment significantly lowered [Ca2+]i in thymocytes derived from SHR at 24 weeks."	( Effect of captopril on intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) of thymocytes in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Chen, D; Wang, H; Wu, D; Xie, L, 1996)	1.42
"Captopril treatment had no long-term effect on maternal blood pressure."	( Comparison of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in pregnant sheep during late gestation. Broughton Pipkin, F; Forhead, AJ; Fowden, AL; Hughes, P; Sutherland, M; Whybrew, K, 1996)	1.02
"Captopril-treated hypertensive rats did not differ significantly from control rats with regard to either cognitive performance or brain blood flow."	( Effects of captopril and propranolol on cognitive function and cerebral blood flow in aged hypertensive rats. Grossmann, M; Mahurin, RK; Pyne, MT; Skinner, MH; Tan, DX, 1996)	1.41
"The captopril treated patients exhibited favorable changes in several aspects of quality of life: sleep-related, gastrointestinal, and physical activity-related symptoms improved from baseline to end of follow-up."	( The effects of replacing beta-blockers with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor on the quality of life of hypertensive patients. Anson, O; Neumann, L; Paran, E, 1996)	0.77
"Captopril pretreatment augmented the antitumor action of cyclophosphamide expressed as the survival time and the number of cured mice."	( Captopril augments antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide in mice. Herman, ZS; Kowalski, J, )	2.3
"Captopril treatment without altering blood pressure in RRM rats prevents the increase in AT1 mRNA in the aorta but not the heart."	( Distinct mechanisms of modulation of angiotensin II type I receptor gene expression in heart and aorta. DiPette, DJ; Wang, DH; Yao, A; Zhao, H, 1997)	1.02
"Captopril treatment did not alter either the natriuretic response or the increase in GFR seen in untreated WKY after BilCAT, and the maneuver produced equivalent degrees of vasodepression as in controls."	( Long-term captopril treatment restores natriuresis after carotid baroreceptor activation in the SHR. Humphreys, MH; Mazbar, SA; Valentin, JP, 1997)	1.42
"Captopril treatment inhibits the early phases of atherosclerosis at level of the coronary artery but has no influence upon the lesion development in the aortic valve."	( The effect of ACE inhibitors on atheroma formation is potentiated by association with a calcium channel blocker. A biochemical and ultrastructural study. Pojoga, L; Raicu, M; Simionescu, M; Simionescu, N, 1997)	1.02
"Captopril treatment from 6 weeks of age did not lower the BP but increased survival past 35 weeks of age."	( The role of blood pressure and aldosterone in the production of hemorrhagic stroke in captopril-treated hypertensive rats. MacLeod, AB; Smeda, JS; Vasdev, S, 1997)	1.24
"Captopril treatment begun after cardiac function was impaired reduced left ventricular hypertrophy but did not restore intrinsic contractile function or reduce fibrosis or passive stiffness."	( Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on myocardial fibrosis and function in hypertrophied and failing myocardium from the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Bing, OH; Brooks, WW; Chaletsky, DM; Conrad, CH; Robinson, KG; Slawsky, MT, 1997)	1.02
"Captopril treatment completely prevented the NTG-induced hypersensitivity to angiotensin II and phenylephrine (-33 +/- 3% and -35 +/- 3%, respectively) but had no significant effect on blood flow responses in patients without NTG treatment (-34 +/- 2% and -37 +/- 3%, respectively)."	( Long-term nitroglycerin treatment is associated with supersensitivity to vasoconstrictors in men with stable coronary artery disease: prevention by concomitant treatment with captopril. Brockhoff, C; Heitzer, T; Just, H; Meinertz, T; Münzel, T; Olschewski, M, 1998)	1.21
"Captopril treatment reduced levels of UEA in DNDI who had high UEA. "	( [The effects of long-term captopril treatment on the evolution of urinary albumin excretion in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. Arrojo Arias, E; Cordero Guevara, J; del Saz Moreno, V; González Castro, ML; Sáez Fernández, A; Sagredo Pérez, J, 1997)	2.04
"Captopril and losartan treatments were equally efficient to attenuate these parameters in both ventricles."	( [Activation of the cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme after myocardial infarction and its role in ventricular remodeling]. Busatto, VC; de Moraes, AC; Gomes, Mda G; Milanez, Mda C; Mill, JG, 1997)	1.02
"Captopril-treated animals showed a statistically significant decrease in urinary protein excretion but no significant changes in BP."	( Age-related increase in expression of TGF-beta1 in the rat kidney: relationship to morphologic changes. Bosch, RJ; Del Moral, RG; Iglesias, MC; Masseroli, M; O'Valle, F; Pérez-Caballero, C; Ramírez, C; Rodríguez-Puyol, D; Rodríguez-Puyol, M; Ruiz-Torres, MP, 1998)	1.02
"Captopril treated group with a heart rate (HR) > or = 60/min at entry showed significantly lower mortality than placebo group (9.2% vs 10.7%; P = 0.01)."	( Oral captopril versus placebo among 14,962 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial. Chinese Cardiac Study (CCS-1) Collaborative Group. , 1997)	1.53
"Captopril treatment (group Cap A and B, 20 and 100 mg.kg-1.d-1) was given to SHR rats during pregnancy, weaning, and up to 16 wk of age. "	( Disparate effects of captopril on hypertension and blood vessel. Chen, DG; Chen, SC; Jin, XQ; Wang, HJ, 1996)	2.06
"Captopril treatment decreased SBP and reduced LVM/BW at 16 and 40 wk of age, and persistently inhibited LV myocardium A II, aortic peptidyl-dipeptidase A activity, and AGT gene expression in kidney even after the treatment was removed. "	( Effect of chronic captopril treatment on circulating and tissue renin-angiotensin system in SHR rats. Chen, DG; Chen, SC; Hu, WY; Jin, XQ; Wang, HJ, 1996)	2.07
"The captopril-treated patients showed significantly reduced PAI activity (P < 0.01), and a concomitant decrease in ACE activity."	( Relationship between serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor activity in patients with recent myocardial infarction. Arai, H; Hirai, N; Misumi, K; Moriyama, Y; Nishiyama, K; Ogawa, H; Oshima, S; Shimomura, H; Soejima, H; Suefuji, H; Takazoe, K; Yasue, H, 1998)	0.78
"Captopril treatment reduced plasma aldosterone levels concomitant with marked reductions in proteinuria and the absence of histologic lesions of malignant nephrosclerosis."	( Role of aldosterone in renal vascular injury in stroke-prone hypertensive rats. Chander, PN; Rocha, R; Stier, CT; Zuckerman, A, 1999)	1.02
"Captopril treatment protected rats receiving L-NAME and none of the captopril-treated rats died. "	( Renoprotective effects of captopril in hypertension induced by nitric oxide synthase inhibition in experimental nephritis. Eriksson, A; Fyhrquist, F; Holthöfer, H; Miettinen, A; Tikkanen, I; Tikkanen, T; Törnroth, T; Uhlenius, N, 1999)	2.05
"The captopril-treated samples showed higher GSH:GSSG ratios in the liver, brain and kidneys, as well as slightly decreased malondialdehyde concentrations."	( Captopril as an antioxidant in lead-exposed Fischer 344 rats. Ercal, N; Gurer, H; Neal, R; Oztezcan, S; Yang, P, 1999)	2.23
"In captopril-treated SHR preparations, PNS evoked significantly larger CGRP-like immunoreactive release than in non-treated SHR."	( Long-term treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor restores reduced calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing vasodilator nerve function in mesenteric artery of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Araki, H; Gomita, Y; Kawasaki, H; Mimaki, Y; Nakatsuma, A; Okazaki, M, 1999)	0.82
"Captopril treatment increased HRV expressed as total power and low-frequency power in the frequency domain. "	( The effects of metoprolol and captopril on heart rate variability in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Dahlström, U; Hagerman, I; Jansson, K; Karlberg, KE; Nylander, E; Nyquist, O; Ostlund, R, 1999)	2.03
"Captopril treatment enhanced in vitro insulin-stimulated (2 mU/ml) 2-deoxyglucose uptake in the epitrochlearis muscle by 22% (251 +/- 7 vs."	( ACE inhibition and glucose transport in insulinresistant muscle: roles of bradykinin and nitric oxide. Dietze, GJ; Henriksen, EJ; Jacob, S; Kinnick, TR; Schmit, MB; Youngblood, EB, 1999)	1.02
"Captopril or losartan treatment reduced the extent of LV cavity dilatation."	( Ventricular remodeling and transforming growth factor-beta 1 mRNA expression after nontransmural myocardial infarction in rats: effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade. Kim, HS; Oh, BH; Youn, TJ, 1999)	1.02
"Captopril treatment, started 2 weeks before or at the initiation of stroke, suppressed plasma aldosterone and equally prevented mortality to a mean age of >27 weeks."	( Effect of poststroke captopril treatment on mortality associated with hemorrhagic stroke in stroke-prone rats. King, SR; Smeda, J; Vasdev, S, 1999)	1.34
"In captopril treatment the survival rate among rats with ischemia of the brain increased."	( [The effect of captopril on cerebral blood flow in hypertensive rats before and after cerebral ischemia]. Adzhienko, LM, )	1
"In captopril-treated rabbits, 1 microM (+/-)-isoproterenol increased I(Ca,L) by 110 +/- 11% (n = 17)."	( Effects of captopril treatment of renovascular hypertension on beta-adrenergic modulation of L-type Ca(2+) current. Kowey, PR; Liu, T; Marinchak, RA; Rials, SJ; Wu, Y; Xu, X, 2000)	1.21
"Captopril treatment partially reversed low insulin sensitivity in LSD rats, whereas losartan did not change it, which indicates that the effect of LSD on insulin sensitivity is angiotensin independent."	( High- or low-salt diet from weaning to adulthood: effect on insulin sensitivity in Wistar rats. Dolnikoff, MS; Furukawa, LN; Heimann, JC; Machado, UF; Okamoto, MM; Prada, P, 2000)	1.03
"Captopril treatment early after an AMI reduces the incidence of LPs recorded on Days 6-30 and may thus favorably affect the arrhythmogenic substrate."	( Effects of early captopril therapy after myocardial infarction on the incidence of late potentials. Agelopoulos, G; Alexopoulos, D; Chiladakis, JA; Karapanos, G; Manolis, AS, 2000)	2.09
"Captopril treatment significantly suppressed [3H]PDBu binding in the infarcted area 3 weeks after MI, but not 1 week after MI nor in the noninfarcted areas."	( Regional and temporal profiles of phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding after myocardial infarction in rats: effects of captopril treatment. Chida, M; Fukuchi, M; Ido, T; Kagaya, Y; Namiuchi, S; Shirato, K; Takahashi, C; Tezuka, F; Watanabe, J; Yamane, Y, 2000)	1.24
"Captopril treatment caused total regression of hypertension and LV hypertrophy and decreased both content and concentration of DNA and RNA, as well as the contents of MP, CP and SCP v the L -NAME group."	( Regression of chronic L -NAME-treatment-induced left ventricular hypertrophy: effect of captopril. Bernátová, I; Pechánová, O; Pelouch, V; Simko, F, 2000)	1.25
"Captopril treatment was associated with a decrease in vasoconstrictor responses in the hypertensive group compared with its non-treated control."	( Effect of captopril on neurally induced contraction and relaxation of mesenteric arteries of renal hypertensive rats. Coelho, EB; Salgado, MC; Santos, CF, 2000)	1.43
"Captopril treatment, which reduces maternal blood pressure, during pregnancy and lactation, is reported to have a beneficial effect postnatally, normalizing the blood pressure of offspring in the SHR."	( Effects of maternal captopril treatment on growth, blood glucose and plasma insulin in the fetal spontaneously hypertensive rat. Bassett, NS; Batchelor, DC; Johnston, BM; Lewis, RM; Skinner, SJ; Vickers, MH, 1999)	1.35
"Captopril treatment reduced blood pressure (163+/-3 mmHg versus diabetic 201+/-3 mmHg), but not albumin excretion rate (43.8x//1.3 mg/day versus diabetic 46.8x//1.4 mg/day)."	( Additive hypotensive and anti-albuminuric effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin receptor antagonism in diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats. Allen, TJ; Bonnet, F; Cao, Z; Cooper, ME; Davis, B, 2001)	1.03
"Captopril treatment significantly reduced hepatic hydroxyproline levels, mean fibrosis score, steady state messenger RNA levels of TGF-beta1 and procollagen alpha1(I), and matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 activity."	( Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition attenuates the progression of rat hepatic fibrosis. Adamson, MD; Ando, Y; Clouston, AD; Horn, MJ; Jonsson, JR; Kelemen, LI; Powell, EE; Purdie, DM, 2001)	1.75
"Captopril treatment, which was started immediately after induction of diabetes, prevented the development of this relative hypertrophy in both the left and right ventricles."	( Non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging assessment of myocardial changes and the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in diabetic rats. Al-Shafei, AI; Bronns, G; Carpenter, TA; Gresham, GA; Hall, LD; Huang, CL; Wise, RG, 2002)	1.04
"Captopril treatment led to a statistically significant (p<0.01) reduction in ET1 levels compared with untreated animals, but the reduction was only about half that seen with AT1-receptor blockade."	( Effect of valsartan and captopril in rabbit carotid injury. Possible involvement of bradykinin in the antiproliferative action of the renin-angiotensin blockade. de Gasparo, M; Feng, TC; Hua, RJ; Ji, YY; Ying, WY, 2001)	1.34
"Captopril treatment caused a significant reduction in the arterial blood pressure of both nondiabetic and diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats."	( Effect of captopril on urinary kallikrein, blood pressure and myocardial hypertrophy in diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats. Kesavarao, U; Sharma, JN, 2002)	1.44
"Captopril treatment, on the other hand, elicited no discernible effect on systolic blood pressure, cardiac baroreceptor reflex sensitivity or basal expression of Fos protein at the nucleus tractus solitarii of normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats."	( Down-regulation of basal Fos expression at nucleus tractus solitarii underlies restoration of baroreflex response after antihypertensive treatment in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Chan, JY; Chan, SH; Chao, YM; Tseng, CJ, 2002)	1.04
"Captopril treatment further enhanced pulse pressure by decreasing diastolic blood pressure."	( Captopril fails to reverse hypertrophy of the left ventricle induced by aortic insufficiency in rabbits. Kyselovic, J; Pelouch, V; Simko, F, 2002)	2.48
"Captopril or losartan treatment decreased MAP and returned LVEDP to sham-operated control values."	( Chronic captopril and losartan (DuP 753) administration in rats with high-output heart failure. Garcia, R; Qing, G, 1992)	1.44
"Captopril treatment was also assessed by applying the Quality of Life Clinical Questionnaire during Run-in and on Days 7 and 14."	( General well-being during treatment with different ACE-inhibitors: two double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over studies in healthy volunteers. Dahlöf, C; Dimenäs, E, 1992)	1
"Captopril treatment should be introduced carefully since not all those patients at risk of hypotension can be identified in advance."	( First dose hypotension after captopril; can it be predicted? A study of 240 patients. de Boo, T; Dennesen, PJ; Postma, CT; Thien, T, 1992)	1.3
"Captopril-treated male (130 +/- 7 mmHg) and female (123 +/- 4 mmHg) rats had significantly lower MAP than untreated rats (174 +/- 4 and 173 +/- 8 mmHg, respectively) and enhanced bradycardia in response to increases in MAP."	( Central administration of a specific angiotensin II receptor antagonist on baroreflex function in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Berecek, KH; Robertson, JD; Thorstad, MH, 1991)	1
"Captopril pre-treatment reduced basal plasma NPY-LI levels by 38% and delta NPY-LI by 46% in response to PNS 1."	( Effect of captopril on plasma levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity in the pithed guinea pig. Dahlöf, C; Dahlöf, P; Lundberg, JM, 1991)	1.41
"One captopril-treated group (CH) and the third, untreated group (H) received SNP to induce hypotension."	( The effects of captopril on the renin-angiotensin system and the sympathetic nervous system during sodium nitroprusside-induced hypotension in the halothane-anesthetized rabbit. Bloor, BC; Stead, SW, 1990)	1.11
"Captopril pretreatment did not impair the increase in any parameter by 5-HTP, with the exception of the aldosterone response which was significantly attenuated, though not completely."	( Serotoninergic stimulation of aldosterone secretion in the rat in vivo: role of the renin-angiotensin system. Davies, E; Edwards, CR; Rossiter, S; Williams, BC, 1991)	1
"captopril-treated 1.1 +/- 0.2 X 10(-6) mol/L; p less than 0.005) although the maximal response was significantly reduced (control 1.6 +/- 0.3 g vs."	( Chronic ACE inhibition reduces intimal hyperplasia in experimental vein grafts. Hagen, PO; McCann, RL; Mikat, EM; O'Donohoe, MK; Radic, ZS; Schwartz, LB, 1991)	1
"Captopril treatment also selectively decreased the number of brightly labeled cell bodies in the SON and PVN and reduced VP-like labeling in the axons of the neurons in these nuclei."	( Alterations in vasopressin mechanisms in captopril-treated spontaneously hypertensive rats. Berecek, KH; Swords, BH; Wyss, JM, 1991)	1.27
"Captopril treatment reduced systolic blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy in SHR. "	( Neither ventricles nor afterload relief influence the raised plasma atrial natriuretic factor induced by volume expansion in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Garcia, R; Lachance, D, 1991)	1.72
"Captopril treatment prevented increases in urinary protein excretion (14 +/- 2 v 63 +/- 16 mg/day at 11.7 weeks of age, P less than .01) and the severe brain, renal, and cardiac vascular lesions observed in untreated SHRSP."	( Therapeutic benefit of captopril in salt-loaded stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats is independent of hypotensive effect. Chander, P; Gutstein, WH; Itskovitz, HD; Levine, S; Stier, CT, 1991)	1.31
"Captopril-treated SHR animals demonstrated a similar significant increase."	( Changes in aortic levels of tropoelastin mRNA following treatment of rats with the antihypertensive drugs captopril and hydralazine. Alden, SM; Boyd, CD; Deak, SB; Mackenzie, JW; Pierce, RA; Tozzi, CA, 1991)	1.22
"Captopril treatment had no effect on the exercise response of blood pressure, heart rate, maximum VO2, and maximum work loads."	( Effects of captopril on opioid peptides during exercise and quality of life in normal subjects. Arakawa, K; Handa, K; Kiyonaga, A; Matsunaga, A; Sasaki, J; Shindo, M; Tanaka, H, 1991)	1.39
"Captopril treatment markedly increased plasma renin activity and the level of kidney renin mRNA by 4.7-fold and 6.3-fold, respectively."	( The effect of the renin inhibitor ES-1005 on the expression of the kidney renin gene in sodium-depleted marmosets. Hiwada, K; Kitami, Y; Kokubu, T; Muneta, S; Murakami, E, 1990)	1
"Captopril treatment resulted in a more suppressed hepatic glucose production (2.7 +/- 0.4 vs 4.94 +/- 0.55 mumol.kg-1.min-1), and a lower plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentration (0.143 +/- 0.05 vs 0.200 +/- 0.05 mmol/l) (captopril vs placebo, p less than 0.05) at the end of the first step of insulin infusion (estimated portal plasma insulin concentration 305 +/- 28 pmol/l); and in a greater glucose utilization (36.5 +/- 5.1 vs 28 +/- 3.6 mumol.kg-1.min-1, p less than 0.001) at the end of the second step of insulin infusion (arterial plasma insulin concentration of 604 +/- 33 pmol/l).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)"	( ACE-inhibition increases hepatic and extrahepatic sensitivity to insulin in patients with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension. Bolli, GB; Botta, G; Brunetti, P; Perriello, G; Rambotti, AM; Santeusanio, F; Torlone, E, 1991)	1
"Captopril treatment decreased aortic pulse pressure and LV systolic pressure."	( Captopril reduces left ventricular enlargement induced by chronic volume overload. Gay, RG, 1990)	2.44
"Captopril treatment of angiotensin II-infused rats caused a slight decrease in angiotensin II/III immunoreactivity which did not reach statistical significance."	( Effects of angiotensin II, ACTH, and KCl on the adrenal renin-angiotensin system in the rat. Kato, R; Saruta, T; Sasamura, H; Suzuki, H, 1990)	1
"Captopril treatment significantly reduced ANG II release from the mesenteric arteries in both controls and nephrectomized rats, but did not influence ANG II output in DOCA/salt rats or in glucocorticoid treated rats."	( Angiotensin II generation in mesenteric arteries in rats: effects of nephrectomy, deoxycorticosterone and dexamethasone. Koshida, H; Matsubara, T; Miyamori, I; Soma, R; Takeda, R; Takeda, Y, 1990)	1
"Captopril treatment improved hemodynamic function after myocardial infarction in rats examined after either 21 days or 4 months of treatment."	( Early and late effects of captopril treatment after large myocardial infarction in rats. Gay, RG, 1990)	1.3
"Captopril treatment improved 3-month probability of survival (93%) as compared with placebo (74%) (P less than .05)."	( Effects of long-term coenzyme Q10 and captopril treatment on survival and functional capacity in rats with experimentally induced heart infarction. Bech, OM; Diamant, B; Jensen, MK; Steiness, E; Sørensen, JD, 1990)	1.27
"Captopril treatment is significantly more effective than placebo and is an alternative to digoxin therapy in patients with mild to moderate heart failure who are receiving diuretic maintenance therapy."	( Comparative effects of therapy with captopril and digoxin in patients with mild to moderate heart failure. The Captopril-Digoxin Multicenter Research Group. , )	1.13
"Captopril-treated rats, studied 1 day after SAD (89 +/- 1.2 mm Hg), also exhibited rise in pressure during SS (+12.3 +/- 0.6 mm Hg) and fall during DS (-12.8 +/- 1.7 mm Hg)."	( Alteration in baroreceptor function in rats produces typical pressure changes during sleep. Krieger, EM; Padilha, JU, 1987)	0.99
"Captopril treatment increased basal plasma renin activity and lowered plasma aldosterone while leaving basal ACTH and cortisol unchanged."	( Effects of angiotensin II blockade on the responses of the pituitary-adrenal axis to corticotropin-releasing factor in humans. Ambrosi, B; Bochicchio, D; Cianci, L; Morganti, A; Sala, C; Turolo, L; Zanchetti, A, 1987)	0.99
"In captopril-treated hypertensives, naloxone did not blunt the hypotensive effect of captopril, but rather enhanced it, without changing the heart rate, adrenaline, and noradrenaline."	( Naloxone does not antagonize the antihypertensive effect of chronic captopril therapy in hypertensive patients. Bernini, GP; Del Corso, C; Lenzi, M; Lucarini, AR; Salvetti, A; Vivaldi, MS, 1989)	1.03
"Captopril treatment alone improved hemodynamics."	( Captopril restores hemodynamic responsiveness to atrial natriuretic peptide in rats with heart failure. Goldman, S; Lee, RW; Raya, TE; Westhoff, T, 1989)	2.44
"The captopril-treated rats displayed persistently higher levels of both MB and BB than the controls."	( Changes in ventricular creatine-kinase with progression and regression of cardiac hypertrophy in hypertensive rats. Dal Palù, C; Nascimben, L; Pauletto, P; Pessina, AC; Piccolo, D; Scannapieco, G; Vescovo, G, 1989)	0.76
"Captopril treatment decreased the high plasma ANP levels in rats with the largest infarcts, probably by unloading the failing heart."	( Effects of captopril and NaCl loading on plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in rat with chronic heart failure. Tikkanen, T, 1989)	1.39
"Captopril treatment led to an up-regulation of cardiac beta 1- but not mononuclear leukocyte beta 2-adrenergic receptors and an increase in isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the heart."	( Regulation of cardiac beta-adrenergic receptors by captopril. Implications for congestive heart failure. Carter, SM; Maisel, AS; Michel, MC; Phillips, C; Ziegler, MG, 1989)	1.25
"Captopril-treated patients with the same baseline distortion of LV shape did not manifest these shape-dependent objective and subjective measures of reduced functional capacity."	( Effects of left ventricular shape and captopril therapy on exercise capacity after anterior wall acute myocardial infarction. Lamas, GA; Parisi, AF; Pfeffer, MA; Vaughan, DE, 1989)	1.27
"In captopril-treated SHR, mean arterial pressure was 109 +/- 3 mm Hg."	( Renorenal reflexes present in young and captopril-treated adult spontaneously hypertensive rats. Kopp, UC; Smith, LA, 1989)	1.06
"Captopril treatment given in combination with the single acute injection of TMT reversed the deficits in spatial memory tasks in 8 out of 25 trials."	( Effects of captopril on locomotor activity, passive avoidance behaviour and spatial memory tasks in the trimethyltin-treated rat. Burke, M; Earley, B; Leonard, BE, 1989)	1.39
"Captopril treatment had no effects on the renal handling of salts or water during exercise."	( Hormonal and renal responses to converting enzyme inhibition during maximal exercise. Hunt, MM; Ramee, SR; Wade, CE; White, CJ, 1987)	0.99
"Captopril treatment also resulted in a small reduction of pulse rate, and, although pulse rates rose with nifedipine, these changes were not significant."	( Comparison of nifedipine and captopril as third-line agents in hypertensive patients uncontrolled with beta-blocker and diuretic therapy. Beevers, DG; Potter, JF, )	1.14
"Captopril-treated SHR-SP showed blood pressure lower than that of untreated SHR-SP, similar to SHR-SR."	( Prevention of nephrosclerosis and cardiac hypertrophy by captopril treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hara, A; Kawai, C; Matsunaga, M; Nagai, H; Ohashi, H; Pak, CH; Yoshida, H, 1986)	1.24
"Captopril treatment did not alter the diuretic and natriuretic action of a single, intravenous bolus injection of ANP (1000 ng of the 8-33 ANP)."	( Captopril attenuates diuretic and natriuretic actions of furosemide but not atrial natriuretic peptide. Di Nicolantonio, R; Morgan, TO, 1987)	2.44
"Captopril treatment always resulted in a dramatic decrease in renal function."	( Effect of captopril on blood pressure and renal function in patients with transplant renal artery stenosis. Donker, AJ; Hoorntje, SJ; Slooff, MJ; Tegzess, AM; van der Slikke, LB; van der Woude, FJ; van Son, WJ, 1985)	1.39
"Captopril treatment was then started and both placebo and hypoglycaemic tests were repeated 15 days thereafter."	( Blunted adrenocorticotrophic hormone release during captopril treatment. Alagna, S; Dessì-Fulgheri, P; Glorioso, N; Leoni, C; Madeddu, P; Masala, A; Rappelli, A; Rovasio, PP, 1985)	1.24
"Captopril treatment, however, increased kinin levels which peaked at 20 min and decreased rapidly thereafter."	( Time course analyses of kinins and other mediators in plasma exudation of rat kaolin-induced pleurisy. Hirose, K; Hori, Y; Jyoyama, H; Katori, M; Takagi, M; Yamada, K, 1988)	1
"Captopril treatment had to be discontinued for the appearance of side-effects (severe skin symptoms) only in a single case."	( Combined captopril treatment in severe and moderately severe hypertension resistant to therapy. Sallai, G, 1988)	1.41
"The captopril-treated rats had a significant elevation in serum renin activity at 12 weeks of age indicating the presence of chronic converting enzyme inhibition, and the 6-OHDA-treatment resulted in a depletion of hypothalamic (86%) and brainstem (76%) norepinephrine content."	( Abnormalities in hypothalamic and neurohypophysial vasopressin content are not a consequence of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Aravich, PF; Blair, ML; Devine, MA; Felten, SY; Sladek, CD, 1988)	0.76
"Captopril-treated adrenalectomized rats, however, did develop a significant lymphopenia, suggesting that hypotension can result in lymphopenia even in adrenalectomized rats."	( The contributions of adrenal hormones, hemodynamic factors, and the endotoxin-related stress reaction to stable prostaglandin analog-induced peripheral lymphopenia and neutrophilia. Dakay, EB; del Castillo, J; Keys, M; Ni, RX; Ulich, TR, 1988)	1
"Captopril treatment increased Qrbc by 40 +/- 4% (n = 9, P less than 0.001) and decreased blood pressure by 9% (P less than 0.001)."	( Effect of a converting-enzyme inhibitor on vasa recta blood flow in rat kidney. Hansell, P; Sjöquist, M; Ulfendahl, HR, 1988)	1
"Captopril treatment also markedly reduced the incidence and magnitude of proteinuria and prevented death in mice showing significant (3+ or greater) proteinuria."	( Effect of captopril treatment on proteinuria in NZB/NZW F1 hybrid mice. Fukami, M; Kitamura, K; Kurakata, S, 1988)	1.4
"Captopril treatment was maintained and systolic blood pressure was monitored 3 times weekly."	( A possible explanation of genetic hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Jackson, EK; Li, P, 1987)	0.99
"Captopril pretreatment also increased the chemotactic activity of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)."	( Modulation of endotoxin-induced neutrophil alveolitis by captopril and by hyperoxia. Dauber, JH; Rinaldo, JE, 1985)	1.24
"In captopril-treated patients, the supine aldosterone levels exceeded the normal range and were as high as in placebo-treated patients."	( Aldosterone and prolactin responsiveness after prolonged treatment of congestive heart failure with captopril. Althoff, PH; Bussmann, WD; Fassbinder, W; Hadler, D; Jungmann, E; Kaltenbach, M; Schöffling, K; Störger, H, 1985)	1
"Captopril treatment did not affect the electrolyte responses to seawater adaptation."	( Control of renal and adrenocortical function by the renin-angiotensin system in two euryhaline teleost fishes. Henderson, IW; Kenyon, CJ; McKeever, A; Oliver, JA, 1985)	0.99
"Captopril treatment during potassium loading inhibited the potassium-induced increase in aldosterone."	( A role for the adrenal renin-angiotensin system in the regulation of potassium-stimulated aldosterone production. Inagami, T; Misono, KS; Nakamaru, M; Naruse, M; Workman, RJ, 1985)	0.99
"Treatment with captopril resulted in an approximate 32 mmHg reduction in systolic blood pressure (162.57 vs."	( Hypotensive effect of captopril on deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced hypertensive rat is associated with gut microbiota alteration. Chiou, J; Lam, TYC; Shum, TF; Tsai, TY; Wu, H, 2022)	1.38
"The treatment of captopril or enalapril increased the immunoreactivity of SP and BK significantly in glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cultured astrocytes. "	( Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme increases PKCβI isoform expression via activation of substance P and bradykinin receptors in cultured astrocytes of mice. Choi, JG; Choi, SR; Hwang, J; Kang, DW; Kim, HW; Lee, M; Shin, HJ, 2023)	1.25
"Treatment with captopril and bempedoic acid started 14 days post-surgy and lasted two weeks."	( Targeting the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signalling pathway by bempedoic acid attenuates Angiotensin II-induced cardiac remodelling in renovascular hypertension in rats. Ahmed, AA; Ahmed, AAE; El Morsy, EM; Mohamed, SK; Nofal, S, 2023)	1.25
"Rats treated with captopril showed no correlations between hemorheological and hemodynamic parameters."	( [EFFECT OF CAPTOPRIL ON THE ARTERIAL PRESSURE AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BLOOD, THE VASODILATOR ACTIVITY OF ENDOTHELIUM, AND RELATIONSHIP OF THESE INDICES IN SHR RATS.] Aliev, OI; Anishchenko, AM; Plotnikov, MB; Shamanaev, AY; Sidekhmenova, AV, )	0.84
"Treatment with captopril increased trabecular bone area at distal metaphysis of femur, proximal metaphysis of tibia and LV-4, moreover, high dose of captopril significantly elevated trabecular BMD of LV-2 and LV-5. "	( Inhibition on angiotensin-converting enzyme exerts beneficial effects on trabecular bone in orchidectomized mice. Chen, XF; Li, XL; Liu, JX; Xu, J; Yang, M; Zhang, Y; Zhao, YY, 2018)	0.83
"Treatment with captopril increased both LC3-II (microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3-II) and p62 protein levels, indicating autophagy flux inhibition."	( Inhibition of Autophagy by Captopril Attenuates Prion Peptide-Mediated Neuronal Apoptosis via AMPK Activation. Hong, JM; Jeong, JK; Moon, JH; Park, SY; Seol, JW, 2019)	1.15
"Treatment with captopril and ANG II increased the number of AT1R-expressing KCs, although total KC numbers were not affected by ANG II."	( The renin angiotensin system regulates Kupffer cells in colorectal liver metastases. Ager, EI; Christophi, C; Neo, J; Wen, SW, 2013)	0.73
"Treatment with captopril reduced blood pressure, AII, A, PRA, and ET, though not quite to normal values."	( Effect of Cydonia oblonga Mill. leaf extracts or captopril on blood pressure and related biomarkers in renal hypertensive rats. Abdurahman, A; Abdusalam, E; Abliz, P; Aji, Q; Iskandar, G; Issak, M; Moore, N; Umar, A; Yiming, W; Zhou, WT, 2014)	1
"Treatment with captopril at a dose of 40 mg/kg/d in drinking water and EUK-207 given by subcutaneous injection (8 mg/kg daily) was started 1 week after irradiation (PI) and continuing until 14 weeks PI."	( Targeting the Renin-angiotensin system combined with an antioxidant is highly effective in mitigating radiation-induced lung damage. Doctrow, SR; Hill, RP; Jelveh, S; Mahmood, J; Medhora, M; Zaidi, A, 2014)	0.74
"Treatment with captopril did not inhibit the dRib‑induced increase in production of dicarbonyl and advanced glycation end products."	( Intracellular glutathione production, but not protein glycation, underlies the protective effects of captopril against 2-deoxy-D-ribose-induced β-cell damage. Hyun, J; Kim, JY; Koh, G; Lee, SA; Yang, EJ; Yoo, S, 2015)	0.97
"Pretreatment with captopril or telmisartan produced a significant hepatic protection manifested as a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in serum levels of alanine transferase (ALT) and aspartate transferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes; hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and total nitrites and nitrates (NOx) levels; as well as a significant increase in hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity."	( Effect of captopril and telmisartan on methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: impact of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Abdelrahman, AM; Ibrahim, SA; Kelleni, MT, 2016)	1.16
"Pre-treatment with captopril augmented the ACh-induced contractions at each concentration significantly."	( Captopril augments acetylcholine-induced bronchial smooth muscle contractions in vitro via kinin-dependent mechanisms. Agrawal, N; Akella, A; Deshpande, SB, 2016)	2.2
"Treatment with captopril as well as E2 led to a significant improvement in bone markers levels with a significant increase in OPG/RANKL ratio."	( A comparative study between the effect of 17-β estradiol and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. Alaam, MM; Hussien, NI, 2016)	0.77
"Treatment with captopril induced a decrease in bone mineral density and deterioration of trabecular bone at proximal metaphysis of tibia in db/db mice, as shown in the histological and reconstructed 3-dimensional images."	( Differential response of bone and kidney to ACEI in db/db mice: A potential effect of captopril on accelerating bone loss. Li, XL; Sha, NN; Shi, Q; Shu, B; Wang, XL; Wang, YJ; Wong, MS; Xiao, HH; Zhang, Y; Zhao, YJ, 2017)	1.02
"Thus treatment with captopril and ACE-inhibitory sardine peptides ameliorated the glucose tolerance of this rat strain."	( Sardine peptide with angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity improves glucose tolerance in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Kato, H; Murakami, M; Murakami, T; Ninomiya, T; Osajima, K; Otani, L, 2009)	0.67
"Pretreatment with captopril or candesartan significantly inhibited the ischemic injury of the inner retina."	( Neuroprotection against retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury by blocking the angiotensin II type 1 receptor. Fukuda, K; Hirooka, K; Itano, T; Mizote, M; Nakamura, T; Shiraga, F, 2010)	0.68
"Treatment with captopril was also performed in SHR in order to compare the antioxidant and antihypertensive effects of LC and captopril."	( Systemic antioxidant properties of L-carnitine in two different models of arterial hypertension. Mate, A; Miguel-Carrasco, JL; Monserrat, MT; Vázquez, CM, 2010)	0.7
"Treatment with captopril, selective aminopeptidase A (APA) inhibitor (EC33), or selective aminopeptidase N inhibitor (PC18) had no effect on these outcomes."	( Effects of angiotensin III on protein, DNA, and collagen synthesis of neonatal cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts in vitro. Tang, CS; Wang, HX; Wang, W; Zeng, XJ; Zhang, LK; Zhang, QF, 2010)	0.7
"Pretreatment with captopril decreased the cysteamine-induced duodenal damage and plasma level of MDA and increased the activities of SOD and GSH-PX in duodenal tissue compared with cysteamine pretreated animal."	( Effects of captopril on the cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer in the rat. Jouyban, A; Karimi, I; Saghaei, F; Samini, M, 2012)	1.09
"Treatment with captopril alleviated this difference seen between sham and shunt cardiomyocytes."	( Regulation of the instantaneous inward rectifier and the delayed outward rectifier potassium channels by Captopril and Angiotensin II via the Phosphoinositide-3 kinase pathway in volume-overload-induced hypertrophied cardiac myocytes. Alvin, ZV; Coleman, BR; Haddad, GE; Hajj-Moussa, M; Laurence, GG; Zhao, A, 2011)	0.92
"Treatment with captopril (145-207 mg/m(2)/day) or enalapril (19-28 mg/m(2)/day), but not fosinopril (19-28 mg/m(2)/day), decreased morbidity from acute pneumonitis."	( Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors mitigate collagen synthesis induced by a single dose of radiation to the whole thorax. Fish, BL; Gao, F; Jacobs, ER; Kma, L; Medhora, M; Moulder, JE, 2012)	0.72
"Treatment with captopril during late pregnancy caused a significant decrease in ACE activity in P0 rats."	( Effects of maternal captopril treatment during late pregnancy on neonatal lung development in rats. Capelari, DN; Ciuffo, GM; Fuentes, LB; Ortega, HH; Sánchez, SI, 2012)	1.04
"Treatment with captopril, PTX, and C."	( Therapeutic effect of captopril, pentoxifylline, and cordyceps sinensis in pre-hepatic portal hypertensive rats. Abdel Ghaney, RH; Ahmed, AF; El-Maraghy, NN; Elshazly, SM, )	0.79
"Pretreatment with captopril or phosphoramidon potentiated PE induced by SP in the dura mater and cerebellum, respectively."	( Effect of quercetin on plasma extravasation in rat CNS and dura mater by ACE and NEP inhibition. Cardoso, RC; Cyrino, LA; Hackl, LP; Nicolau, M, 2002)	0.64
"Treatment with captopril produced a more pronounced and earlier fall in exercise-induced GFR than in untreated controls, while verapamil treatment completely blunted the decline in GFR, with a concomitant increase in plasma ANP."	( Effect of light exercise on renal hemodynamics in patients with hypertension and chronic renal disease. Iversen, BM; Myking, O; Ofstad, J; Svarstad, E, 2002)	0.65
"Pretreatment with captopril (intraperitoneally, 50 mg/kg) on isoproterenol-induced thirst was also studied."	( Thirst changes in offspring of hyperreninemic rat dams. Arguelles, J; Costales, M; Diaz, F; Perillan, C; Vijande, M, 2004)	0.65
"Treatment with captopril, evaluated with the artificial lipid emulsion method, does not cause deleterious changes in the metabolism of chylomicrons and their remnants."	( Lack of effect of captopril on the metabolism of an artificial lipid emulsion similar to chylomicrons in hypertensive hypercholesterolemic patients. Alves, RJ; Amâncio, RF; Diament, J; Forti, N; Maranhão, RC, 2004)	1.01
"Rats treated with Captopril and 6-hydroxydopamine showed significantly less reduction in the number of dopaminergic neurons (i.e., immunoreactive to tyrosine hydroxylase) in the substantia nigra and in the density of striatal dopaminergic terminals than 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats not treated with Captopril."	( Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition reduces oxidative stress and protects dopaminergic neurons in a 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinsonism. Labandeira-Garcia, JL; Lopez-Real, A; Mendez-Alvarez, E; Rey, P; Soto-Otero, R, 2005)	0.65
"Pre-treatment with captopril induced a significant reduction in the MPTP-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and a significant reduction in the loss of dopaminergic terminals in the striatum."	( Reduction of dopaminergic degeneration and oxidative stress by inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme in a MPTP model of parkinsonism. Guerra, MJ; Labandeira-Garcia, JL; Mendez-Alvarez, E; Muñoz, A; Rey, P; Soto-Otero, R, 2006)	0.65
"Treatment with captopril slightly modified the media cross-sectional area and wall-to-lumen of myocardial arterioles from OVX spontaneously hypertensive rats, whereas coadministration of captopril and estradiol significantly reduced the media cross-sectional area, wall-to-lumen ratio, and perivascular fibrosis in OVX spontaneously hypertensive rats."	( Effect of estrogen and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on vascular remodeling in ovariectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats. Bonacasa, B; Carbonell, LF; García, MP; Giménez, J; Hernández, I; Quesada, T; Salom, MG; Serna, M, )	0.47
"Pretreatment with captopril or concomitant infusion with losartan or PD123319 in the high-volume group attenuated the lung injury and inflammation (n=6 for each group)."	( Role of the renin-angiotensin system in ventilator-induced lung injury: an in vivo study in a rat model. Hsu, YC; Jerng, JS; Pan, HZ; Shun, CT; Wang, HC; Wu, HD; Yang, PC; Yu, CJ, 2007)	0.66
"Treatment with captopril, an inhibitor of Ang II biosynthesis, prevented development of the hypertension condition, vascular remodeling, and heart and kidney fibrosis."	( A mouse model for Costello syndrome reveals an Ang II-mediated hypertensive condition. Barbacid, M; Bustelo, XR; Cañamero, M; Guerra, C; Sauzeau, V; Schuhmacher, AJ, 2008)	0.69
"Treatment with captopril (group SQ) or enalapril (group MK) before and during a 6-day period of sodium free diet was associated with sodium wasting; on the sixth day of sodium restriction, sodium excretion was 164 +/- 17 and 144 +/- 10 mumol/24 h in SQ and MK group respectively."	( [Renal adaptation to a restriction of sodium intake in the rat: effects of inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system]. Casellas, D; Dupont, M; Jover, B; Mimran, A, 1984)	0.61
"Treatment with captopril resulted in decreases in blood pressure (25-30 mm Hg) that were maximal at 3 to 6 hr with no associated changes in heart rate."	( Antihypertensive activity of captopril (SQ 14,225), an orally active inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme in conscious two-kidney perinephritic hypertensive dogs. Boccagno, JA; Horovitz, ZP; Murthy, VS; Steinbacher, TE; Vollmer, RR, 1981)	0.89
"Pretreatment with captopril caused a lag in the subsequent degradation of Hip-His-Leu, presumably reflecting dissociation of inhibitor from the cell-associated enzyme."	( Properties of angiotensin-converting enzyme in intact cerebral microvessels. Brecher, P; Chobanian, AV; Tercyak, A, )	0.45
"Oral treatment with captopril (50 mg/kg/day) for 1 week inhibited angiotensin I pressor responses more (84 percent) than plasma-converting enzyme activity (23 percent)."	( Dissociation between in vivo and in vitro measurements of converting enzyme activity after chronic oral treatment with captopril in rats. Ganten, D; Hübner, D; Lang, RE; Rascher, W; Schüll, B; Unger, T; Yukimura, T, 1982)	0.79
"Treatment with captopril tended to diminish dose-related release of prostaglandins in response to NE."	( Captopril decreases vascular reactivity independently of changes in converting enzyme activity and prostaglandin release in the rat isolated kidney. Chiba, S; McGiff, JC; Quilley, CP; Quilley, J, 1982)	2.05
"As treatment with captopril makes pressure control volume-dependent, the addition of a saluretic is considered the best choice if an additional hypotensive agent is needed."	( Saluretics and converting-enzyme blockade in the treatment of resistant hypertension. Aurell, M; Delin, K; Herlitz, H, 1984)	0.59
"Treatment with captopril, before and during a six-day period after suppression of dietary sodium, was associated with sodium wasting (urinary sodium always exceeded sodium intake during the observation period); in addition, the normal increase in urinary aldosterone was blunted by about 80 percent."	( Renal adaptation to sodium deprivation. Effect of captopril in the rat. Casellas, D; Jover, B; Mimran, A, 1984)	0.86
"Treatment with captopril in resistant normotensive congestive heart failure is associated with a pronounced reduction in blood pressure, particularly after the first dose. "	( Transient renal dysfunction during initial inhibition of converting enzyme in congestive heart failure. Bravo, EL; Fouad, FM; Gifford, RW; Hart, N; Mujais, SK; Tarazi, RC; Textor, SC, 1984)	0.62
"Pretreatment with captopril, an inhibitor of the angiotensin-converting enzyme, attenuated the PGE2 pressor effect."	( Mechanisms of central prostaglandin E2 hypertension in conscious dogs, sheep, and calves. Chimoskey, JE; Hull, SS, 1984)	0.59
"Treatment with captopril decreased the incidence of vascular disease in the young and the severity in the adult rats, respectively."	( Effects of long-term treatments with captopril on blood pressure and renin activity in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Kawashima, K; Saito, K; Sokabe, H; Watanabe, TX, 1980)	0.87
"Treatment with captopril has proved effective in some patients with resistant heart failure. "	( Haemodynamic effects of dobutamine in patients with congestive heart failure receiving captopril. Ikram, H; Maslowski, AH; Nicholls, MG, 1981)	0.84
"Pretreatment with captopril (10 mg/kg/day) had no effect."	( Release of prostaglandin I2-like activity from the rat aorta: effect of captopril, furosemide, and sodium. Patrick, DR; Sullivan, JM, 1981)	0.82
"Treatment with captopril elicited relative decreases in left ventricular (LV) wet weight, LV calcium concentration and integrated backscatter (IB) in treated as compared with untreated cardiomyopathic hearts without affecting LV collagen concentration."	( Ultrasonic tissue characterization of end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy. Davison, G; Hall, CS; Miller, JG; Scott, M; Wickline, SA, 1995)	0.63
"Treatment with captopril did not alter urine, sodium, or ANP excretion in any of the models."	( Dual inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase in rats with hypertension. Anderson, BA; Dage, RC; Downs, TR; French, JF, 1995)	0.63
"Pretreatment with captopril (a sulfhydryl angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor), but not with M-1 (a metabolite of delapril and a nonsulfhydryl angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) restored acetylcholine-induced relaxation."	( Effect of captopril on acetylcholine-induced relaxation in the presence of nitroglycerin tolerance in isolated rabbit aorta. Aikawa, J; Akatsuka, N; Fukazawa, M; Ishikawa, M; Moroi, M; Namiki, A; Yamaguchi, T, )	0.86
"Rats treated with captopril (CAP, 10mg/kg i.p.) naltrexone (Nalx 0.1 mg/kg i.p) and saralasine (100 micrograms/kg i.p) displayed significantly less novelty-induced rearing (NIR) compared to saline injected animals. "	( Possible evidence of angiotensin II and endogenous opioid modulation of novelty-induced rearing in the rat. Ajayi, AA; Ukponmwan, OE, 1994)	0.62
"Treatment with captopril, nitrendipine, or both reduced Gi alpha and increased guanylylimidodiphosphate-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in SHR."	( Treatment in hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy, II. Postreceptor events. Böhm, M; Erdmann, E; Flesch, M; Gräbel, C; Knorr, A, 1995)	0.63
"Treatment with captopril increased pump currents at near-physiological levels of intracellular Na+ but had no effect at near-saturating levels of Na+."	( Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition, intracellular Na+, and Na(+)-K+ pumping in cardiac myocytes. Doohan, MM; Hool, LC; Rasmussen, HH; Whalley, DW, 1995)	0.63
"Pretreatment with captopril reduced the pressor responses to cirazoline and displaced the dose-response curve for this agonist to the right, significantly increasing the ED50 without altering the maximum response."	( Pressor responses to the alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist cirazoline: effects of captopril, phenoxybenzamine and nifedipine. Tabrizchi, R; Triggle, CR, 1994)	0.84
"Pretreatment with captopril that potentiates the depressor effects of bradykinin did not potentiate the hypotension to alpha-MD."	( Lack of involvement of the kallikrein-kinin system in the depressor effect of alpha-methyldopa in normotensive rats. Corrêa, FM; Lebrun, FL; Lebrun, I, 1994)	0.61
"Treatment with captopril also reduced the development of glomerular sclerosis."	( Effects of captopril and hydralazine on progression of adriamycin nephropathy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Bogdanovic, G; Djukanovic, L; Jovanovic, D; Kartaljevic, G; Starcevic, A; Susic, D; Varagic, J, 1994)	1.02
"Pretreatment with captopril attenuated the rise of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels in DPSPX-treated animals."	( Modulatory effects of endogenous adenosine on epinephrine secretion from the adrenal medulla of the rat. Ho, WY; Kuan, CJ; Lin, HC; Tseng, CJ; Tung, CS, 1994)	0.61
"Treatment with captopril after uncomplicated myocardial infarction is associated with a significant decrease in elevated levels of t-PA antigen and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 activity. "	( Effects of captopril therapy on endogenous fibrinolysis in men with recent, uncomplicated myocardial infarction. Alberti, KG; Flapan, AD; Fox, KA; Ludlam, CA; Wright, RA, 1994)	1.03
"Treatment with captopril reduced left ventricular mass, calcium concentration, and IB in CM hearts without affecting myofiber size or collagen concentration."	( Cellular mechanisms of captopril-induced matrix remodeling in Syrian hamster cardiomyopathy. Davison, G; Hall, CS; Miller, JG; Scott, M; Wickline, SA, 1994)	0.94
"Treatment with captopril significantly reduced the incidence of VT/Vf although hydralazine failed to reduce the incidence."	( [Effect of chronic antihypertensive treatment on ischemia-induced lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmias and electrophysiological property in hypertrophied rat hearts]. Yokoshiki, H, 1993)	0.63
"Treatment with captopril was associated with a more significant improvement in functional class and exercise duration compared to placebo."	( One-year clinical and echocardiographic follow-up of patients with congestive cardiomyopathy treated with captopril compared to placebo. Eschar, Y; Geleranter, I; Keren, G; Koifman, B; Laniado, S; Pardes, A; Scherez, J, 1994)	0.84
"Pretreatment with captopril did not alter the pressor response."	( Angiotensin II-mediated pressor effect of rat joining peptide. Hamakubo, T; Inagami, T; Yoshida, M, 1994)	0.61
"Pretreatment with captopril abolished the increase in creatine clearance after furosemide."	( Acute effects of captopril on the renal actions of furosemide in patients with chronic heart failure. Bridges, AB; Fraser, CG; McLay, JS; McMurray, JJ; Struthers, AD, 1993)	0.95
"does treatment by captopril influence sweat electrolytes in EH patients."	( [Hormones regulating volume and electrolytes of sweat in patients with essential hypertension. Effect of thermal dehydration and treatment with captopril]. Grzeszczak, W; Kokot, F; Wiecek, A; Woch, W; Zukowska-Szczechowska, E, 1993)	0.81
"Pretreatment with captopril (100 mg/kg i.p.) inhibited the production of Fos in cells of the SFO and OVLT but did not reduce the concentration of Fos-positive cell nuclei in the PVN and SON."	( Haemorrhage-induced production of Fos in neurons of the lamina terminalis: role of endogenous angiotensin II. Badoer, E; McKinley, MJ; Oldfield, BJ, 1993)	0.61
"Pretreatment with captopril or losartan blocked the effect of EPO."	( Erythropoietin-induced antinatriuresis mediated by angiotensin II in perfused kidneys. Aronoff, GR; Brier, ME; Bunke, CM; Lathon, PV, 1993)	0.61
"Treatment with captopril (1.5 mg/kg + 0.5 mg/kg/h) did not significantly alter any of the responses to endothelin."	( Intrarenal infusions of endothelin in conscious dogs: interactions with prostanoids and angiotensin II. Anderson, WP; Heguilen, RM; Woods, RL, 1995)	0.63
"The treatment with captopril after acute myocardial infarction is not only a clinically efficacious treatment, but also cost-effective in patients after acute myocardial infarction."	( [Cost effectiveness of captopril after myocardial infarct; comment]. Berger, K; Kleber, FX; Schulte-Hillen, J; Szucs, T, 1996)	0.93
"Treatment with captopril resulted in an absolute direct cost savings or benefit of $32,550 per patient with IDDM over the course of a lifetime compared to treatment with placebo. "	( An economic analysis of captopril in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. The Collaborative Study Group. Firth, LM; Lewis, EJ; Rodby, RA, 1996)	0.95
"Treatment with captopril produced a rapid regression of LVH in the SHR. "	( Wall stress-induced arrhythmias in the working rat heart as left ventricular hypertrophy regresses during captopril treatment. Dalton, GR; Evans, SJ; Jones, JV; Levi, AJ, 1997)	0.86
"Treatment with captopril also reduced the development of glomerular sclerosis."	( [The effect of captopril on the development of adriamycin nephropathy in rats with spontaneous arterial hypertension]. Bogdanović, G; Djukanović, Lj; Dragojlović, Z; Funduk, G; Jovanović, D; Jovanović, Z; Starcević-Bozović, Z; Susić, D, 1996)	0.99
"Pretreatment with captopril (1 mg/kg, i.v.) losartan (1 mg/kg, i.v.) or captopril + losartan attenuated the pressor response to Cd by 62%, 42% and 100% respectively in separate groups."	( Involvement of renin-angiotensin system in hypertensive effect of cadmium in rats. Das, N; Gulati, K; Khattar, S; Lall, SB; Peshin, SS; Seth, SD, 1997)	0.62
"Treatment with captopril (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) or centhaquin (centrally acting antihypertensive agent) led to significant reduction of left ventricular hypertrophy and a marked recovery in the brain NOS activity (to 92% and 135% of the control, respectively)."	( Attenuation in rat brain nitric oxide synthase activity in the coarctation model of hypertension. Dikshit, M; Hegde, LG; Shukla, R; Srimal, RC, 1997)	0.64
"Treatment with captopril might delay the progression of these lesions."	( Age-related increase in expression of TGF-beta1 in the rat kidney: relationship to morphologic changes. Bosch, RJ; Del Moral, RG; Iglesias, MC; Masseroli, M; O'Valle, F; Pérez-Caballero, C; Ramírez, C; Rodríguez-Puyol, D; Rodríguez-Puyol, M; Ruiz-Torres, MP, 1998)	0.64
"Pretreatment with captopril to block endogenous production of angiotensin II significantly augmented the renal vascular response to exogenous angiotensin II in the SHRs but not in the WKY rats."	( Renal vascular responses to angiotensin II in conscious spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats. Jackson, EK; Kost, CK; Li, P; Williams, DS, 1998)	0.62
"Treatment with captopril affected only plasma renin activity (increase) and aldosterone (decrease)."	( Two-year time course and significance of neurohumoral activation in the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement (SAVE) Study. Bichet, D; Ciampi, A; de Champlain, J; Harel, F; Moyé, LA; Pfeffer, M; Rouleau, JL; Vantrimpont, P, 1998)	0.64
"Pretreatment with captopril (2.5 mg kg(-1), i.v.), a selective inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), either alone or in combination with phosphoramidon (2.5 mg kg(-1), i.v.), a selective inhibitor of neutral endopeptidase (NEP), increased baseline leakage of Evans blue in the absence of any exogenous inflammatory mediator."	( Neurogenic plasma leakage in mouse airways. Baluk, P; Bunnett, NW; McDonald, DM; Murphy, TJ; Thurston, G, 1999)	0.63
"Treatment with captopril and metoprolol increases HRV in patients with DCM. "	( The effects of metoprolol and captopril on heart rate variability in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Dahlström, U; Hagerman, I; Jansson, K; Karlberg, KE; Nylander, E; Nyquist, O; Ostlund, R, 1999)	0.94
"Treatment with captopril had no effect on the voltage dependence of Ip."	( Angiotensin regulates the selectivity of the Na+-K+ pump for intracellular Na+. Buhagiar, KA; Gray, DF; Hansen, PS; Mihailidou, AS; Rasmussen, HH, 1999)	0.64
"Treatment with captopril induced LVH regression and decreased the number of alpha1-adrenoceptors without any change in beta-adrenoceptors."	( Modulation of adrenergic receptors during left ventricular hypertrophy development and after regression by captopril. Colado, MI; Delgado, C; Fernández-Tomé, P; López-Miranda, V; Martínez, ML, 1999)	0.86
"Treatment with captopril (10(-6) mol/l) increased the neointimal proliferation by approximately 200% after angioplasty."	( Angiotensin II receptor antagonists prevent neointimal proliferation in a porcine coronary artery organ culture model. Cheung, PK; Saward, L; Wilson, DP; Zahradka, P, 1999)	0.64
"Treatment with captopril improved the recovery of LVDP as well as SR Ca2+-pump ATPase and Ca2+-uptake activities in the postischemic hearts but had no effect on changes in Ca2+-release activity due to ischemic-reperfusion."	( Role of cardiac renin-angiotensin system in sarcoplasmic reticulum function and gene expression in the ischemic-reperfused heart. Dhalla, NS; Hayashi, H; Nasa, Y; Takeo, S; Tanonaka, K; Yabe, K; Yamaguchi, F, 2000)	0.65
"The treatment of captopril significantly reduced lethal arrhythmias (P<0.01 vs."	( Angiotensin II provokes cesium-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Gondo, N; Kumagai, K; Nakashima, H; Saku, K, 2001)	0.64
"Pups treated with captopril during hyperoxia had a lower median retinopathy score of 4.5 (25th, 75th quartile: 3, 6.4) compared with animals exposed to hyperoxia alone with median score 9.5 (25th, 75th quartile: 7.1, 10.4; P < 0.001). "	( Captopril improves retinal neovascularization via endothelin-1. Higgins, RD; Tadesse, M; Yan, Y; Yossuck, P, 2001)	2.09
"Pre-treatment with captopril prevented (i) loss of myocardial haemodynamic function, (ii) rise in TBARS and (iii) depletion of myocardial HEP compounds."	( Captopril and its time of administration in myocardial ischaemic-reperfusion injury. Gupta, SK; Kumari, R; Manchanda, SC; Maulik, M; Maulik, SK, 2001)	2.07
"Treatment with captopril for 5 weeks, beginning 1 week after infarction (n = 14), resulted in reduction of left ventricular filling pressures and partial normalization of myocardial contractility and Ca2+i handling."	( Captopril enhances intracellular calcium handling and beta-adrenergic responsiveness of myocardium from rats with postinfarction failure. Litwin, SE; Morgan, JP, 1992)	2.07
"Treatment with captopril was found to attenuate pressor responses produced by the administration of either alpha 1- or alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists, resulting in the displacement to the right of the agonist dose-response curves and significantly increasing the calculated ED50 values."	( The interrelationship between the effects of captopril and nifedipine on pressor responses elicited by selective alpha-adrenoceptor agonists in the pithed rat preparation. Tabrizchi, R; Triggle, CR, 1992)	0.88
"Treatment with captopril did not improve the natriuretic and diuretic effect of exogenous atrial natriuretic peptide, but resulted in an increase in filtration fraction after administration of atrial natriuretic peptide not present before captopril.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)"	( Attenuated renal excretory response to atrial natriuretic peptide in congestive heart failure in man. Bagger, JP; Danielsen, H; Eiskjaer, H; Jensen, JD; Jespersen, B; Pedersen, EB; Thomsen, K, 1991)	0.62
"Treatment with captopril significantly increased PRA and PIR compared with the control day as well as increasing kidney renin content and the number of renin granules with crystalline content in juxtaglomerular cells compared with the control group."	( Effect of renin inhibitor, ES-8891, on renal renin secretion and storage in the marmoset: comparison with captopril. Hiwada, K; Ii, Y; Murakami, E, 1991)	0.83
"Pretreatment with captopril, a kininase II inhibitor, at 10 mg/kg i.p. "	( Evidence for a role of bradykinin in experimental pain models. Carlson, RP; Chau, TT; Lewin, AC; Walter, TL; Weichman, BM, 1991)	0.62
"Treatment with captopril (25 mg/kg) did not modify the open-field behaviour, but significantly reduced the immobility in the forced swim test (20 mg/kg) Dopaminergic link was suggested to be involved in the CNS effect of captopril."	( [An experimental study of the antidepressive properties of captopril]. Narkevich, VB; Prikhozhan, AV; Raevskiĭ, KS, 1991)	0.86
"Treatment with captopril attenuated the prolongation in time to peak tension in the myocardial infarction rats; however, developed tension, +dT/dt, and muscle stiffness remained abnormal."	( Contractility and stiffness of noninfarcted myocardium after coronary ligation in rats. Effects of chronic angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition. Goldman, S; Litwin, CM; Litwin, SE; Raya, TE; Warner, AL, 1991)	0.62
"Treatment with captopril and SQ29,852 antagonised the behavioural consequences of withdrawal from treatment with diazepam and nicotine and SQ29,852 also blocked the consequences of withdrawal from ethanol and cocaine."	( Effects of captopril and SQ29,852 on anxiety-related behaviours in rodent and marmoset. Costall, B; Domeney, AM; Gerrard, PA; Horovitz, ZP; Kelly, ME; Naylor, RJ; Tomkins, DM, 1990)	1.01
"The treatment with captopril induced an early and persistent decrease in proteinuria (41%), and a significant increase in serum albumin."	( Antiproteinuric effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors in patients with primary glomerular disease and normal renal function. Cocchi, R; Degli Esposti, E; Fabbri, A; Fusaroli, M; Lucatello, A; Sturani, A; Tampieri, G, 1990)	0.6
"3. Treatment with captopril for 1 week suppressed the isoproterenol-stimulated increase in AII release, but had little effect on the baseline release."	( Effects of chronic converting enzyme inhibition on the vascular renin-angiotensin system. Inagami, T; Mikami, H; Nakamaru, M; Ogihara, T; Rakugi, H; Saito, H, 1990)	0.6
"Treatment with captopril of rats with pheochromocytoma did not modify contraction of isolated rings of thoracic aorta exposed in vitro to either phenylephrine or angiotensin II."	( Captopril improves hypertension and cardiomyopathy in rats with pheochromocytoma. Billingham, M; Hoffman, BB; Hu, ZW; Tuck, M, 1990)	2.06
"Treatment with captopril attenuates brain injury in survivors."	( The angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitors, captopril and Wy-44,655 attenuate the consequences of cerebral ischemia in renovascular hypertensive rats. Atkinson, J; Boulu, RG; Capdeville, C; el Bouhtoury, F; Guillou, J; Parache, RM, 1990)	0.87
"Rats treated with captopril or TA 3090 demonstrated a significant and equivalent decrease in systolic blood pressure compared with untreated rats at 2, 3, and 5 weeks after five sixths nephrectomy; however, only captopril reduced proteinuria."	( Comparison of converting enzyme inhibitor and calcium channel blocker in hypertensive glomerular injury. Raij, L; Tolins, JP, 1990)	0.6
"Treatment with captopril for 4 months produced changes that were similar to those in rats treated for 21 days."	( Early and late effects of captopril treatment after large myocardial infarction in rats. Gay, RG, 1990)	0.92
"Treatment with captopril may improve the abnormal renal hemodynamics of cyclosporine-treated patients."	( Long-term effects of cyclosporine on renal function in organ transplant recipients. Bantle, JP; Boudreau, RJ; Ferris, TF; Olivari, MT; Paller, MS, 1990)	0.62
"Treatment with captopril augmented the rise in mean arterial blood pressure and maximal time derivative of pressure (dP/dt) caused by static contraction from 21 +/- 3 to 39 +/- 7 mmHg and 1,405 +/- 362 to 2,285 +/- 564 mmHg/s, respectively."	( Bradykinin in reflex cardiovascular responses to static muscular contraction. Longhurst, JC; Stebbins, CL, 1986)	0.61
"Pre-treatment with captopril significantly increased LDF output following intradermal bradykinin at t1 but not at t2."	( Effect of captopril on skin blood flow following intradermal bradykinin measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. Almond, NE; Cooke, ED; Li Kam Wa, TC; Turner, P, 1989)	1
"Pretreatment with captopril in a dose of 25 mg."	( Captopril--nifedipine interaction in hypertension. Dadkar, VN; Dhar, HL; Khokhani, RC; Moulick, ND, 1989)	2.04
"Pretreatment with captopril enhanced the paw swelling as well as pleural fluid accumulation in normal strain but no enhancement was observed in the deficient strain."	( Role of high molecular weight (HMW)-kininogen in inflammatory exudation: evidence with the studies of the HMW-kininogen deficient rat. Hayashi, I; Hayashi, M; Nakano, T; Oh-ishi, S; Utsunomiya, I; Yamaki, K; Yamasu, A, 1989)	0.6
"Pretreatment with captopril and phentolamine did not abolish the vasoconstrictive property which was also present in a reserpine pretreated dog."	( Cardiovascular effect of sparteine in anaesthetized dogs with and without blockade of cardiac autonomic nerves. Beck, L; Padeken, D; Schmidt, HD, 1986)	0.59
"Pretreatment with captopril did intensify the abnormal curves of hippuran and of DTPA renograms in 6 patients with URAS who did respond favorably to PTA."	( Renography: prediction of blood pressure after dilatation of renal artery stenosis. Faber, JA; Geyskes, GG; Oei, HY, 1986)	0.59
"Treatment with captopril i.p."	( Central angiotensin converting enzyme blockade and salt preference in renovascular hypertensive rats. Chan, JY; Hutchinson, JS, 1985)	0.61
"Treatment with captopril, 37.5 to 75 mg/day for 1 to 48 weeks, further reduced the glomerular filtration rate only in stenotic kidneys, and effective renal plasma flow increased in both kidney types."	( Effects of converting enzyme inhibition on split renal function in renovascular hypertension. Aburano, T; Ikeda, M; Koshida, H; Miyamori, I; Morise, T; Nagai, K; Okamoto, H; Takeda, R; Takeda, Y; Yasuhara, S, 1986)	0.61
"Treatment with captopril caused a reduction in total cholesterol (-18%) and triglycerides (-26%) and an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (+27%)."	( Use of captopril to reduce serum lipids in hypertensive patients with hyperlipidemia. Ambrosioni, E; Borghi, C; Costa, FV; Mussi, A, 1988)	1.07
"Treatment with captopril from 14 to 24 months of age maintained forward output and prevented ventricular dilatation so that ejection fraction remained normal; left ventricular hypertrophy regressed to levels observed in six-month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats."	( Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and ventricular remodeling in heart failure. Pfeffer, JM; Pfeffer, MA, 1988)	0.61
"Treatment with captopril caused an increase in erythrocyte water and a decrease in ion content and concentration."	( Hypertension and diabetes mellitus: erythrocyte electrolytes and the effect of captopril treatment. Alberti, KG; Mbanya, JC; Taylor, R; Thomas, TH; Wilkinson, R, 1988)	0.84
"Treatment with captopril was associated with a significant volume dependence of blood pressure and a blunting of the exaggerated natriuresis of hypertension (71 +/- 16 on placebo and 47 +/- 12 mmol/3 h on captopril; P less than 0.01)."	( Effects of captopril and nitrendipine on the response to acute volume expansion in essential hypertension. Codis, P; duCailar, G; Mimran, A; Ribstein, J, 1988)	1
"Pretreatment with captopril prevents the rebound and reduces the dosage of vasodilator required and, therefore, may be considered an alternative to the well-documented beta-adrenergic blockers."	( [Rebound hypertension after controlled hypotension and its prevention by captopril]. Götz, H; Kleierl-Lindner, C; Pasch, T; Pichl, J, 1986)	0.83
"Treatment with captopril improved considerably physical stress tolerance, its combinations with a diuretic agent being particularly effective."	( [Effect of captopril on hemodynamics and physical exertion tolerance in patients with arterial hypertension]. Bakhshaliev, AB; Ibragimov, MA; Savenkov, PM, 1988)	1
"Pretreatment with captopril (50 mg/kg/day) for 3 days or addition of captopril (2 X 10(-6) M) to the perfusate induced increase in ANG I release and decrease in ANG II release."	( Effect of captopril on angiotensin II release from vascular tissues in rats. Inagami, T; Kumahara, Y; Nakamaru, M; Ogihara, T, 1987)	1
"Treatment with captopril (30 mg/kg per d) raised glomerular filtration rate (GFR; LP + capt, 1.6 +/- 0.2 ml/min) and renal plasma flow (RPF; LP + capt, 6.7 +/- 0.7 ml/min), and reduced renal vascular resistance (LP + capt, 9.2 +/- 0.5 dyn/s per cm5) in low protein-fed animals."	( Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on altered renal hemodynamics induced by low protein diet in the rat. Fernández-Repollet, E; Martínez-Maldonado, M; Tapia, E, 1987)	0.61
"Pretreatment by captopril (C) reduced the diuretic and natriuretic effect of furosemide significantly (UNaV pre-C: +15, 1 +/- 2.1 ml/min vs."	( Diminution by captopril of the diuretic, natriuretic and kallikrein stimulating action of furosemide by reduction in its renal secretion. Bönner, G; Gentges, A; Kaufmann, W; Wambach, G, 1987)	0.97
"pretreatment with captopril nearly abolished drinking to peripheral isoproterenol, or the combination of s.c."	( Cerebral renin-angiotensin mediation of isoproterenol-induced thirst in the dog. Kucharczyk, J, 1986)	0.59
"Pretreatment with captopril had no significant effect on the mean arterial pressure, heart rate or plasma noradrenaline response to sodium nitroprusside, despite increasing plasma renin activity."	( Effect of captopril on changes in plasma noradrenaline induced by sodium nitroprusside. Becker, RH; Brown, MJ; Struthers, AD, 1986)	1
"Treatment with captopril induced a decrease in Nai, no change in Ke and an increase in Ki and Ki/Ke."	( Influence of captopril on intracellular ions--a possible mode of action. Ambrosioni, E; Borghi, C; Costa, FV; Mussi, A, 1986)	0.98
"WKY treated with captopril also showed lesser increases in MAP and renal and mesenteric vascular resistances in response to posterior hypothalamic stimulation, intravenous NE, and SNS."	( Sympathetic function in spontaneously hypertensive rats after chronic administration of captopril. Berecek, KH; Kirk, KA; Nagahama, S; Oparil, S, 1987)	0.82

Toxicity

Captopril exerted antihypertensive effects without adverse effects on glucose metabolism. This approach predicted renal failure as a side effect of captopril therapy in 2 patients, 1 with unilateral kidney infarcted and the other with bilateral renal ischemia from aortic thrombus.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Both biotin and sulfathiazole are shown to be promising candidates for use in the suppression of the adverse effects of cisplatin, and other sulfur-containing compounds currently in clinical use may have equivalent or superior properties in this respect."	( Control of the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin by clinically used sulfur-containing compounds. Basinger, MA; Holscher, MA; Jones, MM, 1992)	0.28
" A comparison of the double-blind studies demonstrated that quinapril has a lower incidence of adverse events and/or withdrawals than reported for captopril or enalapril."	( The safety and tolerability of quinapril. Frank, GJ; Knapp, LE; McLain, R; Posvar, E; Rieger, MM; Singer, R, 1990)	0.48
" No adverse clinical or biochemical events were reported during the course of zofenopril therapy."	( Early treatment of acute myocardial infarction with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition: safety considerations. SMILE pilot study working party. Ambrosioni, E; Borghi, C; Magnani, B, 1991)	0.28
"Data from the lisinopril-captopril comparison trial (6), as well as other data (1, 8, 14, 10) indicate that both long- and short-acting ACEI are effective and safe for the treatment of CHF."	( Comparison of lisinopril and captopril in the treatment of left ventricular congestive heart failure--influence of duration of action on efficacy and safety. Giles, TD, 1991)	0.88
" In vivo the administration of captopril prevented the toxic effects of mercury poisoning on membrane permeability, oxidative phosphorylation and Ca++ homeostasis."	( Protective behavior of captopril on Hg(++)-induced toxicity on kidney mitochondria. In vivo and in vitro experiments. Chávez, E; Holguín, JA; Miranda, ME; Osornio, A; Zazueta, C, 1991)	0.88
" Quinapril was well tolerated in all trials, with the incidence of adverse events and withdrawals tending to be lower with quinapril than with enalapril or captopril."	( The safety and efficacy of quinapril in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension. Frishman, WH, 1990)	0.48
"Hypertensive patients prescribed captopril while attending a hospital hypertension clinic were studied, to identify the benefits of the drug, its adverse effects and factors predisposing to them."	( Adverse effects of captopril in hospital outpatients with hypertension. Breckenridge, A; Grimmer, M; Orme, M; Roberts, D; Walley, T; Winstanley, P, 1990)	0.89
"6%), and a low rate of adverse effects."	( Aldactazine/captopril combination, safe and effective in mild to moderate systemic hypertension: report on a multicenter study of 967 patients. Capron, MH; Pelletier, B; Schohn, DC; Spiesser, R; Wehrlen, M, 1990)	0.66
"Successful long-term treatment of hypertension must include consideration of individual patients' life-style interfaced with the potential for adverse drug events."	( Efficacy, safety, and quality-of-life assessment of captopril antihypertensive therapy in clinical practice. Bannon, JA; Brennan, WK; Ross, AD; Schoenberger, JA; Testa, M, 1990)	0.53
" When we administered the combination of captopril (100 mg X kg-1 X day-1) and gentamicin in potassium-depleted rats, we observed a surprising and significant adverse effect of this combination on the clearances of inulin (CIn) and PAH (CPAH) and renal blood flow (RBF)."	( Captopril enhances aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity in potassium-depleted rats. Baker, JD; Boatman, JE; Klotman, PE; Volpp, BD; Yarger, WE, 1985)	1.98
"The results of more than 1600 patient years of experience with the new angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, quinapril, suggest that it is safe for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure."	( Does the duration of action of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors affect their safety and adverse effects? Frank, GJ, 1989)	0.28
" Our results demonstrate that dilevalol is as safe and effective as captopril and nifedipine for the treatment of essential hypertension."	( [Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of dilevalol in the treatment of essential arterial hypertension]. Bochicchio, T; Carrizosa, J; Herrera-Acosta, J; Pérez-Grovas, HA, )	0.37
"Several antihypertensive drugs have an adverse effect on glucose tolerance that may partially or completely negate the beneficial effects of reducing blood pressure as it relates to the incidence of coronary heart disease and its complications."	( Adverse effects of antihypertensive drug therapy on glucose intolerance. Houston, MC, 1986)	0.27
" Captopril was initiated in those patients in whom previous antihypertensive agents either failed to control high blood pressure or produced adverse reactions."	( Acute titration and chronic follow-up with captopril in hypertension. A one-year safety profile on combination therapy with captopril and a diuretic. Hunter, KW; Mahapatra, D; Mahapatra, RK; Yaden, S, 1986)	1.44
" It is concluded that captopril is safe and effective in the long-term treatment of hypertension, however, majority of the patients with severe forms of hypertension required double or multiple combinations."	( Effectiveness and safety of captopril (Tensiomin) in patients with hypertension. Bíró, V; Cseh, K; Kósa, E; Podmaniczky, M; Török, E; Wagner, M, 1988)	0.88
"Many of the adverse reactions produced by penicillamine and other compounds with an active sulfhydryl group form a distinctive pattern when viewed as a class."	( Adverse effects profile of sulfhydryl compounds in man. Jaffe, IA, 1986)	0.27
"Although converting-enzyme inhibition is of established value in the management of patients with severe chronic congestive heart failure, troublesome adverse reactions occur frequently during the course of treatment and may cause physicians to interrupt effective therapy."	( Adverse effects of converting-enzyme inhibition in patients with severe congestive heart failure: pathophysiology and management. Gottlieb, SS; Kessler, PD; Packer, M, 1986)	0.27
" Adverse effects are reviewed as those associated with sulfhydryl compounds and as those considered class-specific adverse effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors."	( Safety profiles of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors captopril and enalapril. Irvin, JD; Viau, JM, 1986)	0.51
" This approach predicted renal failure as a side effect of captopril therapy in 2 patients, 1 with unilateral (contralateral kidney infarcted) and the other with bilateral renal ischemia from aortic thrombus."	( Single-dose captopril scintigraphy in the neonate with renovascular hypertension: prediction of renal failure, a side effect of captopril therapy. Abitbol, C; Goldberg, RN; Paredes, A; Sfakianaki, E; Sfakianakis, GN; Strauss, J; Zilleruelo, G, 1988)	0.9
" The basis of this noncompliance is multifactorial, but a large component is related to the adverse symptoms produced by the commonly prescribed antihypertensive agents."	( Utility of behavioral science techniques in assessing adverse effects of antihypertensive agents. Williams, GH, 1987)	0.27
" Adverse reactions were reported in 49% of the 73 patients; 48% of patients had experienced adverse reactions to other antihypertensive agents prior to entering the study."	( Efficacy and safety of captopril in the treatment of severe childhood hypertension: report of the International Collaborative Study Group. Mirkin, BL; Newman, TJ, 1985)	0.58
" Enalapril has a good safety profile as measured by frequency of clinical and laboratory adverse experiences."	( The efficacy and safety of enalapril in moderate to severe essential hypertension. Kramsch, DM; Kulaga, SF; Walker, JF, 1984)	0.27
" The reported and observed incidence of adverse effects were as follows: maculopapular rash (one patient); urticaria and pruritus (three patients); loss of taste (one patient); tachycardia (four patients); increased frequency of trivial infections (three patients); severe myalgia (one patient); and deterioration in renal function (one patient)."	( Efficacy and adverse effects of captopril in severe refractory hypertension. Breckenridge, AM; MacIver, M; Maskill, MR; Orme, ML; Serlin, MJ, )	0.41
" In the 30 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg groups, all animals survived also throughout the entire dosage period without showing any toxic sign."	( [One month studies on the subacute toxicity of captopril in rats]. Hashimoto, K; Imai, K; Ohtaki, T; Yoshimura, S, 1981)	0.52
" No death was ascribed to the toxic effect of captopril."	( [Twelve month studies on the chronic toxicity of captopril in rats]. Hashimoto, K; Imai, K; Ohtaki, T; Yoshimura, S, 1981)	0.78
" The most frequent and the most serious adverse reactions such as skin rash, altered taste, pancytopenia, and pemphigus foliaceus seemed to be specifically drug related."	( Safety and efficacy of chronic therapy with captopril in hypertensive patients: an update. Brunner, HR; Gavras, H; Gavras, I; Waeber, B, )	0.39
" Withdrawals owing to adverse events were three from trandolapril and eight from the captopril group."	( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of trandolapril and captopril for 16 weeks in mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. Investigator Study Group. Pauly, NC; Safar, ME, 1994)	0.76
" Based on these preliminary studies in monkeys, we conclude that captopril exerted antihypertensive effects without adverse effects on glucose metabolism."	( Antihypertensive effects of captopril without adverse effects on glucose tolerance in hyperinsulinemic rhesus monkeys. Bodkin, NL; Hansen, BC, 1995)	0.82
" Distribution of adverse events was comparable in both groups; no significant changes in laboratory or electrocardiographic parameters occurred."	( Antihypertensive efficacy and safe use of once-daily sustained-release diltiazem in the elderly: a comparison with captopril. The Dilcacomp Study Group. Blondin, P; Neveux, E; Nicaise, J, )	0.34
" These toxic effects produced by Hg2+ in vitro with the addition of 15 microM of the inhibition of the angiotensin converting enzyme, captopril."	( [Captopril protection from the nephrotoxic effects of mercury]. Bravo, C; Chávez, E; Chávez, R; Pichardo, J; Reyes-Vivas, H; Zazueta, C, )	1.25
" Safety was monitored by a variety of laboratory tests, including renal and hepatic function, urinalysis, routine hematology testing, and the reporting of adverse events."	( Comparison of the safety and efficacy of delapril with captopril in outpatients with congestive heart failure. Fuchs, W, 1995)	0.54
" These results indicate that the no-effect dose of rentiapril in rats by three months oral administration is 30 mg/kg in female and 125 mg/kg in male, and suggest that, like other ACE-inhibitors, this compound also has a toxic potential to affect renal tissues."	( Toxicity study of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor rentiapril in rats. Aono, H; Ikuse, T; Okahara, A; Takase, K, 1995)	0.29
" Safety was assessed by recording spontaneously reported or observed adverse experiences and clinical laboratory measurements."	( A randomized, double-blind comparison of the antihypertensive efficacy and safety of once-daily losartan compared to twice-daily captopril in mild to moderate essential hypertension. Cifkova, R; Harron, DW; Karpov, YA; Lepe, L; Oigman, W; Roca-Cusachs, A, 1997)	0.5
" The percentage of patients reporting a clinical adverse experience considered drug-related by the investigator was 13% in the captopril group and 10% in the losartan group."	( A randomized, double-blind comparison of the antihypertensive efficacy and safety of once-daily losartan compared to twice-daily captopril in mild to moderate essential hypertension. Cifkova, R; Harron, DW; Karpov, YA; Lepe, L; Oigman, W; Roca-Cusachs, A, 1997)	0.71
" The number of patients with the side effect of cough was higher following captopril."	( A randomized, double-blind comparison of the antihypertensive efficacy and safety of once-daily losartan compared to twice-daily captopril in mild to moderate essential hypertension. Cifkova, R; Harron, DW; Karpov, YA; Lepe, L; Oigman, W; Roca-Cusachs, A, 1997)	0.73
"Concern based on the reported short-term adverse effects of antihypertensive agents on plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles (PLPPs) has complicated the therapy for hypertension."	( Diuretics and beta-blockers do not have adverse effects at 1 year on plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles in men with hypertension. Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents. Cushman, WC; Freis, ED; Lakshman, MR; Materson, BJ; Reda, DJ, 1999)	0.3
" Patients achieving positive DBP control using hydrochlorothiazide (responders) showed no adverse changes in PLPPs, whereas nonresponders exhibited increases in triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels."	( Diuretics and beta-blockers do not have adverse effects at 1 year on plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles in men with hypertension. Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents. Cushman, WC; Freis, ED; Lakshman, MR; Materson, BJ; Reda, DJ, 1999)	0.3
"None of these 6 antihypertensive drugs has any long-term adverse effects on PLPPs and, therefore, may be safely prescribed."	( Diuretics and beta-blockers do not have adverse effects at 1 year on plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles in men with hypertension. Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents. Cushman, WC; Freis, ED; Lakshman, MR; Materson, BJ; Reda, DJ, 1999)	0.3
" isoprenaline was selectively depressed by doxorubicin (no changes in chronotropic responses) and this adverse effect of doxorubicin was also prevented in zofenopril+doxorubicin pretreated rats."	( Cardioprotective effects of zofenopril, a new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in the rat. Bigioni, M; Evangelista, S; Goso, C; Maggi, CA; Manzini, S; Sacco, G, 2001)	0.31
" Adverse drug reactions were observed in 20."	( Efficacy and safety of imidapril in patients with essential hypertension: a double-blind comparison with captopril. Chen, MF; Chiang, FT; Chien, KL; Huang, PJ; Lai, LP, 2001)	0.52
" Serum chemistry and hematology tests performed in the subacute toxicity studies revealed no adverse effects of oral CapNO except for a significant decrease in cholesterol levels in hypertensive SHR rat."	( Acute and subacute toxicity and efficacy of S-nitrosylated captopril, an ACE inhibitor possessing nitric oxide activities. Jia, L; Lin, M; Pei, R; Yang, X, 2001)	0.55
"Paraquat (PQ) is a herbicide that is very toxic to all living organisms."	( Captopril inhibits the pulmonary toxicity of paraquat in rats. Alagözlü, H; Candan, F, 2001)	1.75
"5 million adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports for 8620 drugs/biologics that are listed for 1191 Coding Symbols for Thesaurus of Adverse Reaction (COSTAR) terms of adverse effects."	( Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling. Benz, RD; Contrera, JF; Kruhlak, NL; Matthews, EJ; Weaver, JL, 2004)	0.32
" The most common adverse hematologic reactions associated with captopril use include neutropenia and agranulocytosis."	( Hemolytic anemia: a rare but potentially serious adverse effect of captopril. Mehta, RH; Sketch, MH; Trimble, MA, 2007)	0.82
"Paraquat (PQ) is a highly toxic herbicide that is used in most of the countries without restriction."	( Hepatoprotective role of captopril on paraquat induced hepatotoxicity. Daraei, B; Elmi, A; Elmi, S; Ghazi-Khansari, M; Sadeghi, Zh, 2007)	0.64
"Clozapine is contraindicated in patients who experienced cardiac adverse effects during therapy."	( Beta-blocker and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor may limit certain cardiac adverse effects of clozapine. Di Norscia, G; Gensini, GF; Placidi, GF; Rostagno, C, )	0.13
" An understanding of structure-activity relationships (SARs) of chemicals can make a significant contribution to the identification of potential toxic effects early in the drug development process and aid in avoiding such problems."	( Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity. Fisk, L; Greene, N; Naven, RT; Note, RR; Patel, ML; Pelletier, DJ, 2010)	0.36
" We describe a unique adjunct to standard safety assessment wherein the metabolite profile of treated animals is compared with the MetaMap Tox metabolomics database in order to predict the potential for a wide variety of adverse events, including DIKI."	( Prediction of clinically relevant safety signals of nephrotoxicity through plasma metabolite profiling. Bush, ED; Fabian, E; Herold, M; Kamp, HG; Krennrich, G; Looser, R; Mattes, WB; Mellert, W; Moeller, N; Nadanaciva, S; Naraoka, H; Omura, K; Piccoli, SP; Prokoudine, A; Ruiz-Noppinger, P; Schuppe-Koistinen, I; Strauss, V; van Ravenzwaay, B; Walk, T, 2013)	0.39
" Its clinical utility is, however, largely limited by the adverse reactions, are known to be nephrotoxic."	( The restoration of kidney mitochondria function by inhibition of angiotensin-II production in rats with acute adriamycin-induced nephrotoxicity. Dursun, N; Kunduz Kindap, E; Ozdogan, K; Taskin, E, 2014)	0.4
"Many adverse drug reactions are caused by the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent activation of drugs into reactive metabolites."	( Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships. Jones, LH; Nadanaciva, S; Rana, P; Will, Y, 2016)	0.43
" Activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and associated inflammations may exacerbate the toxic effects of tacrolimus."	( Evaluation of the Effect of Captopril and Losartan on Tacrolimus-induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats. Abeyat, H; Behmanesh, MA; Poormoosavi, SM; Sangtarash, E, 2021)	0.92

Pharmacokinetics

The standard pharmacokinetic parameters for captopril in healthy anaesthetized piglets were found to be within the range reported for humans. S-nitrosylated CaptNO, a novel crystalline nitric oxide (NO) donor, readily permeates both in vitro and in vivo endothelial monolayers.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" did not significantly alter these responses relative to the concomitant double-blind administration of placebo, nor did it alter the pharmacokinetic characteristics of plasma digitoxin at steady state."	( Captopril does not interact with the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of digitoxin in healthy man. Belz, GG; Butzer, R; de Mey, C; Elich, D; Schroeter, V, 1992)	1.73
"This review compares the metabolism and pharmacokinetic profiles of captopril, the first orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, and 2 newer ACE inhibitors, enalapril and quinapril."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of captopril, enalapril, and quinapril. Haynie, R; Vertes, V, 1992)	0.8
"3 h; the terminal half-life (t1/2 alpha) was 10."	( The effect of captopril on pharmacokinetics of digoxin in patients with mild congestive heart failure. Ishii, M; Kobayashi, K; Miyakawa, T; Shionoiri, H; Takasaki, I, 1991)	0.64
"The use of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril in infants with congestive heart failure (CHF) has been empirical owing to a lack of relevant pharmacokinetic data."	( The pharmacokinetics of captopril in infants with congestive heart failure. Collins-Nakai, RL; Pereira, CM; Tam, YK, 1991)	0.84
" Mean pharmacokinetic parameters for unchanged captopril after sublingual administration were: Cmax, 234 ng."	( Sublingual captopril--a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation. al-Furaih, TA; Elborn, JS; McElnay, JC; McMahon, J; Nicholls, DP; Rusk, R; Scott, MG, 1991)	0.93
" Chronic treatment did not consistently change the kinetics except for a slight prolongation of terminal half-life of non-protein-bound captopril."	( Pharmacokinetics of captopril and its effects on blood pressure during acute and chronic administration and in relation to food intake. Kågedal, B; Karlberg, BE; Larsson, R; Ohman, KP, 1985)	0.8
"The effects of cimetidine (single or repeated administration) on free unchanged captopril plasma levels, pharmacokinetic parameters and plasma converting enzyme inhibitory effects have been investigated in normal healthy volunteers."	( Cimetidine does not alter free unchanged captopril pharmacokinetics and biological effects in healthy volunteer. Bah, M; Cadilhac, M; Giudicelli, JF; Richer, C; Thuillez, C, )	0.62
"The pharmacokinetic characteristics of intravenously-administered captopril were investigated in 7 healthy men 20 to 33 years old."	( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous captopril in healthy men. Creasey, WA; Morrison, RA; Singhvi, SM; Willard, DA, 1988)	0.8
" The elimination half-life of unchanged captopril was approximately 2 hours."	( Pharmacokinetics of captopril in healthy subjects and in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Cohen, AI; Duchin, KL; McKinstry, DN; Migdalof, BH, 1988)	0.87
"The pharmacokinetic parameters of unchanged plasma captopril and the kinetics of the drug effects on plasma converting enzyme activity (PCEA), plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone (PA) and mean blood pressure (MBP) were studied over 24 h after oral administration in three groups of hypertensive patients: with normal renal function (group 1, plasma creatinine less than 110 mumol/l, n = 10), with moderate chronic renal failure (group 2, 135 less than plasma creatinine less than 450 mumol/l, n = 10) and with severe chronic renal failure (group 3, plasma creatinine greater than 500 mumol/l, n = 10)."	( Influence of chronic renal failure on captopril pharmacokinetics and clinical and biological effects in hypertensive patients. Chaignon, M; Giroux, B; Giudicelli, JF; Guedon, J; Richer, C, 1984)	0.79
" Captopril pharmacokinetic parameters were not modified by RI, with the exception of elimination half-life which was lengthened, but relative bioavailability of the drug was not modified."	( [Effect of renal insufficiency on the pharmacokinetics of captopril and converting enzyme inhibition in the hypertensive patient]. Chaignon, M; Giroux, B; Giudicelli, JF; Guédon, J; Richer, C, 1984)	1.42
"The pharmacokinetic properties of captopril were studied in two groups of hypertensive patients; (1) those who had never taken captopril (acute group), and (2) those who had been taking captopril for at least 6 months (chronic group)."	( Pharmacokinetic properties of captopril after acute and chronic administration to hypertensive subjects. Anderson, AI; Drummer, O; Hooper, R; Jarrott, B; Louis, WJ; Miach, PJ, 1982)	0.83
" Pharmacokinetic evaluations were carried out exclusively on data obtained for unchanged captopril."	( Pharmacokinetics of captopril in dogs and monkeys. Keim, GR; Migdalof, BH; Peterson, AE; Ross, JJ; Shaw, JM; Singhvi, SM, 1981)	0.81
" We assessed pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of the ACE inhibitor cilazapril and the beta-blocker propranolol in healthy volunteers and patients with essential hypertension."	( Review of studies on the clinical pharmacodynamics of cilazapril. Belz, GG; Breithaupt, K; Erb, K, 1994)	0.29
" After 30 mg kg-1 oral dose, maximum plasma concentration, tmax and AUC of YM-21095 were 28."	( Pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular effects of YM-21095, a novel renin inhibitor, in dogs and monkeys. Asano, M; Inagaki, O; Shibasaki, M; Takenaka, T; Usui, T, 1994)	0.29
" Cmax was slightly greater after buffered sublingual than after peroral administration with mean values of 108."	( A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of buffered sublingual captopril in patients with congestive heart failure. al-Furaih, TA; Hughes, CM; McElnay, JC; Nicholls, DP; Scott, MG, 1996)	0.53
" The standard pharmacokinetic parameters for captopril in healthy anaesthetized piglets were found to be within the range reported for humans."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling for captopril in healthy anaesthetized piglets. Coe, JY; Collins-Nakai, RL; Olley, PM; Pereira, CM; Tam, YK, 1996)	0.81
"The pharmacokinetic interaction between cefdinir and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril or quinapril) was investigated in rats."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction between cefdinir and two angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in rats. Jacolot, A; Petitjean, O; Tod, M, 1996)	0.51
"The plasma concentration time profiles and the pharmacokinetic parameters estimated for these drugs were in the expected range, except for furosemide, whose bioavailability was lower than reported in the literature."	( Effect of the lipase inhibitor orlistat on the pharmacokinetics of four different antihypertensive drugs in healthy volunteers. Jonkmann, JH; Schmidtke-Schrezenmeier, G; Tam, YK; van Brummelen, P; Weber, C, 1996)	0.29
" This method has been demonstrated to be suitable for pharmacokinetic studies in humans."	( Determination of captopril in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography for pharmacokinetic studies. Arroyo, C; Barbanoj, M; Bonal, J; García-Capdevila, L; Gich, I; López-Calull, C, 1997)	0.64
"The authors of the present report reviewed the literature of various bioanalytical methods for the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of captopril and present their own results obtained in bioanalytical and pharmacokinetic studies."	( [Bioanalytic examination and pharmacokinetics of captopril. Bioequivalence studies of different captopril-containing Tensiomin preparations]. Benköné, MS; Klebovich, I, 1997)	0.75
" The aim of this study was to find out whether or not differences in the pharmacokinetic profile and the haemodynamic response of a 100-mg single oral dose of captopril appeared between subjects of both sexes."	( No sex-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences of captopril. Barbanoj, MJ; Gich, I; Jané, F; Massana, E; Moros, C; Morte, A, 1997)	0.73
" Analysis of captopril concentrations in plasma samples from 20 volunteers following oral administration of 100 mg of captopril provided the following pharmacokinetic data (mean+/-S."	( Improved analytical procedure for the measurement of captopril in human plasma by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry and its application to pharmacokinetic studies. Addison, RS; Baker, PV; Franklin, ME; Hooper, WD, 1998)	0.92
" Based upon this study performed on normal dogs given a single dose, no pharmacokinetic advantage or disadvantage is apparent for any ACEi except captopril, which, at the dosage used, decreased ACE levels to a much lesser degree and shorter time."	( Comparison of some pharmacokinetic parameters of 5 angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in normal beagles. Hamlin, RL; Nakayama, T, )	0.33
" The comparison of the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from both doses of the drug have been made."	( Captopril: determination in blood and pharmacokinetics after single oral dose. Jankowski, A; Krzyśko, K; Lamparczyk, H; Ochocka, RJ; Skorek, A; Zarzycki, PK, 1995)	1.73
" Simultaneous on-line analyses of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of CapNO in catheterized awake rats of spontaneous hypertension (SHR) showed acute decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP), concomitant with the corresponding increases in plasma levels of CapNO after po or iv administration."	( Physicochemistry, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of S-nitrosocaptopril crystals, a new nitric oxide donor. Guo, W; Jia, L; Young, X, 1999)	0.54
" The present studies were aimed at testing the hypothesis that S-nitrosylated captopril (CapNO), a novel crystalline nitric oxide (NO) donor, readily permeates both in vitro and in vivo endothelial monolayers, resulting in its pharmacodynamic effects."	( In vitro and in vivo assessment of cellular permeability and pharmacodynamics of S-nitrosylated captopril, a nitric oxide donor. Jia, L; Wong, H, 2001)	0.76
" Zofenopril exhibited a complete and a more rapid hydrolysis rate compared to enalapril, which is reflected by the higher metabolite to parent drug ratio of Cmax and AUCss, tau showed by this compound."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparative study of zofenopril and enalapril in healthy volunteers. Crivelli, F; Dal Bo, L; Giusti, A; Ismaili, S; Marzo, A; Mazzucchelli, P; Monti, NC; Uhr, MR, 2002)	0.31
"Human pharmacokinetic parameters are often predicted prior to clinical study from in vivo preclinical pharmacokinetic data."	( Extrapolation of human pharmacokinetic parameters from rat, dog, and monkey data: Molecular properties associated with extrapolative success or failure. Jolivette, LJ; Ward, KW, 2005)	0.33
"The dependence of the pharmacokinetic profiles (PhP) of captopril in the phase of adaptation reactions in the organism has been studied within the framework of randomized, comparative, double cross research of bioeqivalency of captopril (Aspharma Co, Anzhero-Sudzhensk) and capoten (Bristol Myers Squibb Co."	( [Dependence of the pharmacokinetics of captopril on the type of adaptation reactions in the organism]. Borodulina, EV; Gurto, RV; Khazanov, VA; Postnikova, IuE; Udut, VV, )	0.65
" pharmacokinetic data on 670 drugs representing, to our knowledge, the largest publicly available set of human clinical pharmacokinetic data."	( Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds. Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ, 2008)	0.35
" Thus the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the possible pharmacodynamic interaction of GH with CAP on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial damage in rat."	( Pharmacodynamic interaction of captopril with garlic in isoproterenol-induced myocardial damage in rat. Asdaq, SM; Inamdar, MN, 2010)	0.65
" Control group, hypertension group (HT) and TTS containing captopril hypertension group (HT-CAP) were assessed for the pharmacodynamic activity of the study."	( PHARMACODYNAMICAL EVALUATION OF MATRIX TYPE TRANSDERMAL THERAPEUTIC SYSTEMS CONTAINING CAPTOPRIL. Çetınel, Ş; Dortunç, B; Kerımoğlu, O; Ozdemır, ZN; Şahbaz, S; Şehırlı, Ö; Şener, G, )	0.6
"The advancement in the processing speeds of computing machines has facilitated the development of complex physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models."	( Development and evaluation of physiologically based pharmacokinetic drug-disease models for predicting captopril pharmacokinetics in chronic diseases. Alali, AS; AlAsmari, AF; Alasmari, F; Ali, M; Ali, N; Ali, S; Alqahtani, F; Asiri, AM; Imran, I; Khalid, R; Khalid, S; Majeed, A; Rasool, MF; Saeed, H; Usman, M, 2021)	0.84
" The physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is a well-established method that permits extrapolation from adult to juvenile populations."	( Application of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model in predicting captopril disposition in children with chronic kidney disease. Ahmad, T; Alqahtani, F; Alqahtani, NS; Alshammari, FA; Imran, I; Khalid, S; Masood, I; Rasool, MF; Saeed, H, 2023)	1.14

Compound-Compound Interactions

Metformin, a biguanide drug used in the treatment of type II diabetes, was evaluated alone and in combination with amifostine, captopril, MESNA or N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) The results provided a rationale for future clinical use of SNX combined with Captopril in antihypertensive and protecting renal functions in hypertension.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Changes in central haemodynamics, electrophysiological parameters, and induction of ventricular tachycardia during treatment with captopril, or hydralazine combined with nitrate, compared with a control period."	( Comparative electrophysiological effects of captopril or hydralazine combined with nitrate in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and inducible ventricular tachycardia. Bashir, Y; Camm, AJ; Gibson, S; O'Nunain, S; Paul, VE; Sneddon, JF; Ward, DE, 1992)	0.75
" Hydralazine combined with nitrate did not significantly alter any electrophysiological variable."	( Comparative electrophysiological effects of captopril or hydralazine combined with nitrate in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and inducible ventricular tachycardia. Bashir, Y; Camm, AJ; Gibson, S; O'Nunain, S; Paul, VE; Sneddon, JF; Ward, DE, 1992)	0.54
"Load manipulation by captopril but not hydralazine combined with nitrate prolonged ventricular refractoriness and repolarisation, possibly reflecting a combination of mechano-electrical effect with the restraining influence of ACE inhibitors on reflex sympathetic stimulation."	( Comparative electrophysiological effects of captopril or hydralazine combined with nitrate in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and inducible ventricular tachycardia. Bashir, Y; Camm, AJ; Gibson, S; O'Nunain, S; Paul, VE; Sneddon, JF; Ward, DE, 1992)	0.86
"The aim of this study was to determine the effects of captopril combined with oxygen therapy on pulmonary hemodynamics and gas exchange in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with pulmonary hypertension."	( Effects of captopril combined with oxygen therapy at rest and on exercise in patients with chronic bronchitis and pulmonary hypertension. Brambilla, CG; Dubois, F; Levy, PA; Paramelle, B; Pison, CM; Wolf, JE, 1991)	0.92
" L/HCTZ appears to be a well-tolerated combination with efficacy on once-daily dosing superior to that of C/HCTZ."	( Treating mild-to-moderate hypertension: a comparison of lisinopril-hydrochlorothiazide fixed combination with captopril and hydrochlorothiazide free combination. Graham, RD, 1991)	0.49
" After a 2-week single-blind placebo run-in period, patients received indapamide either alone (group I) or in combination with the previous therapy (groups II and III) for 4 months."	( Clinical efficacy and quality of life with indapamide alone or in combination with beta blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Athanassiadis, DI; Boutin, B; Cokkinos, DF; Dimopoulos, CG; Guez, D; Tourkantonis, AA; Toutouzas, PK; Tsakiris, AK, 1990)	0.28
"The antihypertensive efficacy of a combination of calcium-channel blockers and angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in severe primary hypertension is well known, but a synergistic action of this drug combination in mild to moderate primary hypertension is still not established."	( Calcium-channel blockade (nitrendipine) in combination with ACE inhibition (captopril) in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. Bianchini, C; Buracchi, P; Gennari, C; Gragnani, S; Nami, R; Pavese, G, 1989)	0.51
" The combination of captopril and isradipine was more effective than captopril given with a low dose of hydrochlorothiazide."	( Additive effect of isradipine in combination with captopril in hypertensive patients. Dahlöf, B; Eggertsen, R; Hansson, L; Svensson, A, 1989)	0.85
"The results of clinicoinstrumental investigations in 33 patients with coronary heart disease and coronary heart disease combined with essential hypertension complicated by stage I-II cardiac insufficiency showed that therapy with captopril at a daily dose of 25-75 mg resulted in the correction of cardiac insufficiency in 84% of the patients, with a hypotensive effect in 80%."	( [Captopril in the treatment of mild cardiac insufficiency in combination with arterial hypertension]. Morozova, TE; Ol'binskaia, LI, 1987)	1.37
"We studied the safety and efficacy of intravenous nicardipine alone and in combination with oral captopril."	( Antihypertensive effects of parenteral nicardipine alone and in combination with captopril. Conrad, KA; Davis, TP; Fagan, TC; Johnson, DG; Mayshar, P, 1987)	0.72
"14 patients with refractory hypertension did not respond either to captopril, an angiotensin II converting enzyme inhibitor, combined with a diuretic, a beta-blocker and hydralazine or minoxidil, a potent vasodilator, but they did respond to the combination of captopril, minoxidil, furosemide and a beta-blocker."	( Captopril combined with minoxidil, beta-blocker and furosemide in the treatment of refractory hypertension. Rawat, R; Seedat, YK, 1983)	1.94
"To examine the antihypertensive effects of captopril, when used in combination with diuretics, an oral dose of the agent (30 mg/kg) was given to spontaneously hypertensive rats pretreated for 1 week with trichlormethiazide (TCTZ), hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), furosemide, or water."	( Antihypertensive effects of captopril in combination with diuretics in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Koike, H; Miyamoto, M; Nishino, H, )	0.69
" These results indicate that isradipine is superior to methyldopa and, whether as monotherapy or in combination with captopril, highly effective and well tolerated in the treatment of mild-to-moderate hypertension."	( A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of isradipine and methyldopa as monotherapy or in combination with captopril in the treatment of hypertension. The LOMIR-MCT-IH Research Group. Cristal, N; Yodfat, Y, 1993)	0.7
" Good response was noted in corinfar-retard combination with Cordanum in patients with moderate hemodynamic changes, hypertonicity of sympathoadrenal system, tachycardia."	( [The clinical efficacy of Korinfar-retard in combination with Cordanum, triampur and Capoten in patients with arterial hypertension]. Chil'tsov, VV; Ignat'ev, VG; Kukes, VG; Pavlov, SS; Pavlova, LI; Privalov, AN; Rumiantsev, AS, 1996)	0.29
"The application of reversed-phase HPLC in combination with micro-electrospray mass spectrometry to study a substance P (SP)-hydrolysing endoprotease in human cerebrospinal fluid (hCSF) is reported."	( Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry in studies of a substance P-converting enzyme from human cerebrospinal fluid. Andrén, PE; Caprioli, RM; Eriksson, U; Nyberg, F, 1996)	0.29
"001) than patients treated with any of the monotherapies or with methyldopa in combination with captopril."	( Quality of life in normotensives compared to hypertensive men treated with isradipine or methyldopa as monotherapy or in combination with captopril: the LOMIR-MCT-IL study. Amir, M; Bar-On, D; Cristal, N; Yodfat, Y, 1996)	0.71
"The metabolic effects of verapamil alone and in combination with captopril were investigated in rats."	( Metabolic effects in rats of verapamil alone and in combination with captopril. Lopez, R; San Miguel, A; Taboada, C, 1997)	0.77
" We examined the effects on insulin sensitivity of captopril either alone or in combination with bendrofluazide in 11 hypertensive Type 2 diabetic patients."	( Comparison of effects of captopril used either alone or in combination with a thiazide diuretic on insulin action in hypertensive Type 2 diabetic patients: a double-blind crossover study. Atkinson, AB; Bell, PM; Ennis, CN; Hunter, SJ; Sheridan, B; Whitehead, HM; Wiggam, MI, 1999)	0.86
"Insulin action was assessed using an isoglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp in a double-blind, randomized, crossover study after a 6-week placebo run-in and following two 12-week treatment periods with captopril (C) (100 mg) alone or in combination with bendrofluazide (CB) (2."	( Comparison of effects of captopril used either alone or in combination with a thiazide diuretic on insulin action in hypertensive Type 2 diabetic patients: a double-blind crossover study. Atkinson, AB; Bell, PM; Ennis, CN; Hunter, SJ; Sheridan, B; Whitehead, HM; Wiggam, MI, 1999)	0.8
"To elucidate the effect on blood pressure and blood lipids of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril), and a beta-receptor blocking agent (atenolol), given alone or in combination with a cholesterol reducing drug, the beta-hydroxy-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor pravastatin, in patients who were also encouraged to improve their lifestyle."	( Treatment of hypertensive and hypercholesterolaemic patients in general practice. The effect of captopril, atenolol and pravastatin combined with life style intervention. Foss, OP; Graff-Iversen, S; Graving, B; Istad, H; Søyland, E; Tjeldflaat, L, 1999)	0.74
" II: Continued lifestyle intervention combined with captopril or atenolol."	( Treatment of hypertensive and hypercholesterolaemic patients in general practice. The effect of captopril, atenolol and pravastatin combined with life style intervention. Foss, OP; Graff-Iversen, S; Graving, B; Istad, H; Søyland, E; Tjeldflaat, L, 1999)	0.77
"Pravastatin can be used in combination with captopril or atenolol in the treatment of hypertensive and hypercholesterolaemic patients."	( Treatment of hypertensive and hypercholesterolaemic patients in general practice. The effect of captopril, atenolol and pravastatin combined with life style intervention. Foss, OP; Graff-Iversen, S; Graving, B; Istad, H; Søyland, E; Tjeldflaat, L, 1999)	0.78
"Melatonin, epiphysial neurohormone, and its combination with aceten have hypotensive and vasodilating effects but melatonin monotherapy normalizes circadian hemodynamic rhythms while the combination was uneffective in this respect."	( [Effects of melatonin alone and in combination with aceten on chronostructure of diurnal hemodynamic rhythms in patients with hypertension stage II]. Akhmetov, KZh; Komarov, FI; Shakirova, AN; Teĭblium, MM; Zaslavskaia, RM, 1999)	0.3
" An anaphylactoid reaction induced by an AN69 membrane during continuous, extracorporal treatment in combination with ACE inhibition has not been reported so far."	( Extracorporal therapy with AN69 membranes in combination with ACE inhibition causing severe anaphylactoid reactions: still a current problem? Kammerl, MC; Krämer, BK; Riegger, GA; Schaefer, RM; Schreiber, M; Schweda, F, 2000)	0.31
"To observe the therapeutic effect and mechanism of the treatment according to Syndrome Differentiation of TCM combined with captopril (CAP) on severe viral myocarditis (SVM) complicated heart failure (CHF)."	( [Clinical study on therapeutic effects of treatment according to syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine combined with captopril on severe viral myocarditis complicated heart failure]. Kong, QF; Song, SZ; Xie, XY, 2001)	0.72
"One hundred and nine patients of SVM complicated CHF were randomly divided into the treated group (n = 72) and the control group (n = 37), the former was treated with TCM combined with CAP, while the latter was treated with dexamethasone and interferon."	( [Clinical study on therapeutic effects of treatment according to syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine combined with captopril on severe viral myocarditis complicated heart failure]. Kong, QF; Song, SZ; Xie, XY, 2001)	0.51
"TCM treatment according to Syndrome Differentiation combined with CAP in treating SVM complicated CHF could elevate the clinical efficacy."	( [Clinical study on therapeutic effects of treatment according to syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine combined with captopril on severe viral myocarditis complicated heart failure]. Kong, QF; Song, SZ; Xie, XY, 2001)	0.51
"The present study investigates the effects of chronic administration of ACEIs (angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors; either zofenopril or enalapril) in combination with a diruetic (hydrochlorothiazide) on BP (blood pressure) increase and renal injury induced by L-NAME (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester), an inhibitor of NO (nitric oxide) synthesis."	( Effects of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors in combination with diuretics on blood pressure and renal injury in nitric oxide-deficiency-induced hypertension in rats. Alcaraz, A; Atucha, NM; Evangelista, S; García-Estañ, J; Navarro, EG; O'Valle, F; Ortiz, MC; Vargas, F, 2006)	0.33
"To investigate the therapeutic effect of milkvetch injection (MI) combined with Captopril on early diabetic nephropathy (EDN)."	( [Clinical observation on treatment of early diabetic nephropathy by milkvetch injection combined with captopril]. Liu, J; Liu, YH; Yang, L, 2005)	0.77
"MI combined with Captopril can not only decrease blood pressure, blood glucose and HbA1c, but also significantly decrease the UAER in treating EDN."	( [Clinical observation on treatment of early diabetic nephropathy by milkvetch injection combined with captopril]. Liu, J; Liu, YH; Yang, L, 2005)	0.88
"The hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) influence the pharmacokinetics of several drug classes and are involved in many clinical drug-drug interactions."	( Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions. Artursson, P; Haglund, U; Karlgren, M; Kimoto, E; Lai, Y; Norinder, U; Vildhede, A; Wisniewski, JR, 2012)	0.38
"To explore the effect of puerarin combined with felodipine on the mRNA and protein expression of apelin and APJ in renal tissue of renovascular hypertensive rat."	( [Effect of puerarin combined with felodipine on mRNA and protein expression of apelin and APJ in renovascular hypertensive rat]. Bai, S; Chen, L; Ding, BP; Huang, ZG; Wang, JT, 2013)	0.39
"We evaluated the effects of RU28318 (RU), a selective mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist, Captopril (Capt), an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, and Losartan (Los), an angiotensin receptor blocker, alone or in combination with ischemia/reperfusion- (I/R-) induced cardiac dysfunction in hearts obtained from normal and diabetic rats."	( RU28318, an aldosterone antagonist, in combination with an ACE inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker attenuates cardiac dysfunction in diabetes. Akhtar, S; Al-Rashdan, I; Babiker, F; Benter, IF; Yousif, M, 2013)	0.61
"Metformin, a biguanide drug used in the treatment of type II diabetes, was evaluated alone and in combination with amifostine, captopril, MESNA or N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) for its ability to protect when administered 24 h after irradiation."	( Metformin exhibits radiation countermeasures efficacy when used alone or in combination with sulfhydryl containing drugs. Grdina, DJ; Miller, RC; Murley, JS, 2014)	0.61
"To investigate the outcome of suppression of the renin angiotensin system using captopril combined with an antioxidant (Eukarion [EUK]-207) for mitigation of radiation-induced lung damage in rats."	( Targeting the Renin-angiotensin system combined with an antioxidant is highly effective in mitigating radiation-induced lung damage. Doctrow, SR; Hill, RP; Jelveh, S; Mahmood, J; Medhora, M; Zaidi, A, 2014)	0.63
" RCI) and that captopril dosing, when combined with topical and systemic antibiotic treatments, may not be a suitable countermeasure for RCI."	( Captopril Increases Survival after Whole-Body Ionizing Irradiation but Decreases Survival when Combined with Skin-Burn Trauma in Mice. Bolduc, DL; Islam, A; Kiang, JG; Swift, JM; Zhai, M, 2015)	2.21
" The third-generation liphophilic angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor zofenopril, administered alone or combined with a thiazide diuretic, has proved to be effective in lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients and to reduce the risk of fatal and non-fatal events in post-acute myocardial infarction and heart failure."	( Efficacy of Zofenopril Alone or in Combination with Hydrochlorothiazide in Patients with Kidney Dysfunction. Borghi, C; Omboni, S, 2019)	0.51
" Therefore, these results provided a rationale for future clinical use of SNX combined with captopril in antihypertensive and protecting renal functions in hypertension."	( Antihypertensive and renal protective effect of Shunaoxin pill combined with captopril on spontaneous hypertension rats. Gao, W; Liu, C; Lu, G; Man, S; Wang, Y; Xiang, H; Yang, L, 2020)	1.01
" Positive CT findings combined with a post-SIT PAC >17."	( Computed tomography combined with confirmatory tests for the diagnosis of aldosterone-producing adenoma. Chen, S; Liu, H; Luo, P; Yu, Y, 2021)	0.62
" This study provides a potential mechanism for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy with ZY combined with metformin."	( Effects of HuoxueJiangtang decoction alone or in combination with metformin on renal function and renal cortical mRNA expression in diabetic nephropathy rats. Chu, S; Li, H; Liu, D; Liu, X; Qu, X; Shuai, Y; Zhang, X; Zhao, H, 2020)	0.56

Bioavailability

Captopril is mainly eliminated by metabolism and its bioavailability is 65%. Absolute absorption of the radioactive oral dose was 71% and the absolute oral bioavailability of captopril was 62%. Renal impairment had no effect on plasma Captopril Cmax, CLtot and relative bioavailability (AUC)

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" This apparent tissue selectivity may stem from either differences in tissue bioavailability or from a different affinity for the enzyme."	( Differences in structure of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors might predict differences in action. Herman, AG, 1992)	0.28
" The oral absorption of 1 was almost complete and the oral bioavailability of 2 averaged approximately 70%."	( Disposition of zofenopril calcium in healthy subjects. Foley, JE; Morrison, RA; Singhvi, SM; Willard, DA, 1990)	0.28
" Parent drug absorption and diacid bioavailability in the rat were higher than for enalapril, and the inhibition of plasma ACE of longer duration."	( Biological properties of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor cilazapril. Brewster, M; Budd, J; Francis, RJ; Klevans, LR; Natoff, IL; Nixon, JS; Patel, AT; Wenger, J; Worth, E, )	0.13
" Enalapril is a prodrug that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with 60 to 70% of an oral dose being absorbed."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. A review. Cody, RJ; Kubo, SH, )	0.13
" Enalapril bioavailability is unaffected by food, whereas captopril availability is suppressed by food."	( Pharmacology of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. A review. Nelson, EB; Pool, JL; Taylor, AA, 1986)	0.52
" In healthy subjects, about 70 to 75% of an oral dose is absorbed and the bioavailability of captopril is approximately 65%."	( Pharmacokinetics of captopril in healthy subjects and in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Cohen, AI; Duchin, KL; McKinstry, DN; Migdalof, BH, 1988)	0.82
" Trinitrin and its derivatives occupy an intermediate position because of their relatively low bioavailability after oral administration: long-term administration is not always easy and may require special modes of administration (i."	( [Classification and principles of the use of vasodilators in the treatment of left ventricular insufficiency]. Cattan, S; Degeorges, M; Guérin, F; Pailleret, JJ; Weber, S, 1985)	0.27
" Renal impairment had no effect on plasma captopril Cmax, CLtot and relative bioavailability (AUC)."	( Influence of chronic renal failure on captopril pharmacokinetics and clinical and biological effects in hypertensive patients. Chaignon, M; Giroux, B; Giudicelli, JF; Guedon, J; Richer, C, 1984)	0.8
" Designed as a prodrug to improve the bioavailability Hoe 498 has to be deesterified to its active moiety Hoe 498-diacid to develop full inhibitory potency."	( Pharmacological properties of the new orally active angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor 2-[N-[(S)-1-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanyl] -(1S,3S,5S)-2-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane-3-carboxylic acid (Hoe 498). Becker, RH; Metzger, M; Schölkens, BA; Schulze, KJ, 1984)	0.27
" Captopril pharmacokinetic parameters were not modified by RI, with the exception of elimination half-life which was lengthened, but relative bioavailability of the drug was not modified."	( [Effect of renal insufficiency on the pharmacokinetics of captopril and converting enzyme inhibition in the hypertensive patient]. Chaignon, M; Giroux, B; Giudicelli, JF; Guédon, J; Richer, C, 1984)	1.42
" In rats, but not in dogs, the diacid inhibitor was poorly absorbed, whereas MK-421 was well absorbed in both species."	( Effect of N-[(S)-1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl]-L-Ala-L-Pro and its ethyl ester (MK-421) on angiotensin converting enzyme in vitro and angiotensin I pressor responses in vivo. Backlund, EP; Bohn, DL; Gross, DM; Morris, AA; Stone, CA; Sweet, CS; Ulm, EH; Vassil, TC; Weitz, D; Wenger, HC, 1981)	0.26
" The lack of correlation between the relative bioavailability of captopril and the induced reduction in DBP (evaluated by the corresponding AUCs) suggests that free unchanged captopril plasma monitoring is not an adequate indicator of hypertensive patients' potential responsiveness to captopril's blood pressure lowering effects."	( Captopril: pharmacokinetics, antihypertensive and biological effects in hypertensive patients. Giroux, B; Giudicelli, JF; Maarek, B; Plouin, PF; Richer, C, 1984)	1.95
" Captopril was rapidly and well absorbed in all species tested, including man."	( Captopril: pharmacology, metabolism and disposition. Antonaccio, MJ; Egli, P; Kripalani, KJ; Lan, SJ; McKinstry, DN; Migdalof, BH; Singhvi, SM, 1984)	2.62
"Analysis of urinary captopril was necessary for dosage form bioavailability and dose titration studies."	( Sequential electrochemical reduction, solvent partition, and automated thiol colorimetry for urinary captopril and its disulfides. Kadin, H; Poet, RB, 1982)	0.8
" The results of a pilot oral bioavailability study of four subjects receiving either 100 mg of captopril as a direct compression tablet or a solution concomitantly with a 100-mg solution of isotopomer is discussed."	( Determination of captopril in human blood and urine by GLC-selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry after oral coadministration with its isotopomer. Cohen, AI; Devlin, RG; Funke, PT; Ivashkiv, E; McCormick, T, 1982)	0.82
" These data suggest that bioavailability increases with chronic administration, and thus it may be possible to reduce the dosage of captopril and still maintain blood pressure control while reducing side effects."	( Pharmacokinetic properties of captopril after acute and chronic administration to hypertensive subjects. Anderson, AI; Drummer, O; Hooper, R; Jarrott, B; Louis, WJ; Miach, PJ, 1982)	0.76
" The bioavailability of I in 2-month-old mice averaged 48 and 39% (diet) and 44 and 59% (gavage) of the 50- and 1350-mg/kg doses, respectively."	( Absorption and bioavailability of captopril in mice and rats after administration by gavage and in the diet. Dean, AV; Keim, GR; Kripalani, KJ; Kulesza, JS; Meeker, FS; Migdalof, BH; Ross, JJ; Shaw, JM; Singhvi, SM, 1981)	0.54
" Absolute absorption of the radioactive oral dose was 71% and the absolute oral bioavailability of captopril was 62%."	( Captopril kinetics. Duchin, KL; McKinstry, DN; Migdalof, BH; Singhvi, SM; Willard, DA, 1982)	1.92
" Based on blood level and urinary excretion data, both the absorption of total radioactivity and the bioavailability of captopril were decreased approximately 35 to 40 per cent after a meal."	( Effect of food on the bioavailability of captopril in healthy subjects. McKinstry, DN; Migdalof, BH; Shaw, JM; Singhvi, SM; Willard, DA, )	0.61
" It is well absorbed orally."	( Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition by hydroxamic zinc-binding idrapril in humans. Brunner, HR; Capone, P; Criscuoli, M; Nussberger, J; Zanchi, A, 1994)	0.29
" Cpmas, AUC0-180 min and relative bioavailability did not differ between the buffered and unbuffered administration."	( The effect of pH on the buccal and sublingual absorption of captopril. al-Furaih, TA; Elborn, JS; Hughes, CM; McElnay, JC; Nicholls, DP; Scott, MG, 1995)	0.53
"To investigate the regional differences in small intestinal (SI) metabolism and permeability for several compounds and to ascertain the potential significance of these differences on the reported reductions in regional bioavailability in humans."	( Determination intestinal metabolism and permeability for several compounds in rats. Implications on regional bioavailability in humans. Hu, P; Sinko, PJ, 1996)	0.29
"It has been reported that captopril and ddI demonstrate regional intestinal bioavailability in several species including humans."	( Determination intestinal metabolism and permeability for several compounds in rats. Implications on regional bioavailability in humans. Hu, P; Sinko, PJ, 1996)	0.59
"We wished to determine whether enhanced bioavailability of bradykinin (BK) and vasodilatory prostaglandins contribute to renovascular and sodium-handling effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition after myocardial infarction (MI)."	( Relative contribution of angiotensin II, bradykinin, and prostaglandins to the renal effects of converting enzyme inhibition in rats after chronic myocardial infarction. Deck, CC; Gaballa, MA; Raya, TE, 1996)	0.29
" Membrane permeability to urea, glucose, and protein, actual net ultrafiltration rate (UFR), transcapillary ultrafiltration rate (TCUFR), and peritoneal net fluid absorption rate (PNFAR) were measured."	( Effects of vasodilators on peritoneal solute and fluid transport in rat peritoneal dialysis. Go, M; Kumano, K; Ning, H; Sakai, T, 1996)	0.29
" Captopril is mainly eliminated by metabolism and its bioavailability is 65%."	( Captopril methylation in human liver and kidney: interindividual variability. Ferroni, MA; Giulianotti, PC; Gomeni, R; Mosca, F; Pacifici, GM; Pietrabissa, A, 1996)	2.65
"The plasma concentration time profiles and the pharmacokinetic parameters estimated for these drugs were in the expected range, except for furosemide, whose bioavailability was lower than reported in the literature."	( Effect of the lipase inhibitor orlistat on the pharmacokinetics of four different antihypertensive drugs in healthy volunteers. Jonkmann, JH; Schmidtke-Schrezenmeier, G; Tam, YK; van Brummelen, P; Weber, C, 1996)	0.29
" In additional studies in dogs, a 12h controlled-release formulation of SQ-25868 provided sustained blood levels of captopril while maintaining acceptable bioavailability (> 80%)."	( Intestinal absorption of captopril and two thioester analogs in rats and dogs. Bathala, MS; Dean, AV; Jain, NB; Kripalani, KJ; Marino, AM; Migdalof, BH; Morrison, RA; Singhvi, SM; Weinstein, SH, 1997)	0.81
" Relative bioavailability and comparative pharmacokinetic parameters were determined in 24 and 25 healthy volunteers, respectively, in single-dose, randomised studies of three-way (50 mg) or two-way (100 mg) cross-over design."	( [Bioanalytic examination and pharmacokinetics of captopril. Bioequivalence studies of different captopril-containing Tensiomin preparations]. Benköné, MS; Klebovich, I, 1997)	0.55
", t(1/2), T(max), C(max), V(d), AUC, and oral bioavailability were analyzed to understand the dose-dependent potency and effective period of CapNO."	( Physicochemistry, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of S-nitrosocaptopril crystals, a new nitric oxide donor. Guo, W; Jia, L; Young, X, 1999)	0.54
"The quantitative structure-bioavailability relationship of 232 structurally diverse drugs was studied to evaluate the feasibility of constructing a predictive model for the human oral bioavailability of prospective new medicinal agents."	( QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability. Topliss, JG; Yoshida, F, 2000)	0.31
" Multiple factors influencing plasma concentration of digitalis including pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and drug interactions with glycosides were described."	( [Disturbances of rhythm and atrio-ventricular conduction in digitalis overdose. Case reports]. Bakowski, D; Brzyźkiewicz, H; Janion, M, 2001)	0.31
" Ang II receptor type 1 blocker candesartan or ACE inhibitor captopril markedly attenuated eNOS-derived O(2)(-) and hydrogen peroxide production while augmenting NO bioavailability in diabetic aortas, implicating recoupling of eNOS."	( Attenuation of angiotensin II signaling recouples eNOS and inhibits nonendothelial NOX activity in diabetic mice. Cai, H; Oak, JH, 2007)	0.58
"A gastro retentive floating drug delivery system with multiple-unit minitab's based on gas formation technique was developed in order to prolong the gastric residence time and to increase the overall bioavailability of the drug."	( Preparation of a matrix type multiple-unit gastro retentive floating drug delivery system for captopril based on gas formation technique: in vitro evaluation. Chinnala, KM; Kesavan, B; Meka, L; Vobalaboina, V; Yamsani, MR, 2008)	0.57
"Melatonin was shown to reduce blood pressure, oxidative load and to increase nitric oxide bioavailability predisposing melatonin to have antiremodelling potential."	( Effect of melatonin, captopril, spironolactone and simvastatin on blood pressure and left ventricular remodelling in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Adamcova, M; Bednarova, K; Krajcirovicova, K; Mullerova, M; Paulis, L; Pechanova, O; Pelouch, V; Simko, F, 2009)	0.67
"Oral bioavailability (F) is a product of fraction absorbed (Fa), fraction escaping gut-wall elimination (Fg), and fraction escaping hepatic elimination (Fh)."	( Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination. Chang, G; El-Kattan, A; Miller, HR; Obach, RS; Rotter, C; Steyn, SJ; Troutman, MD; Varma, MV, 2010)	0.36
" This agent is a prodrug to improve intestinal absorption of TBPM, an active form, and an absorption rate of TBPM-PI is higher than those of other prodrug-type β-lactam antibiotics."	( Intestinal absorption mechanism of tebipenem pivoxil, a novel oral carbapenem: involvement of human OATP family in apical membrane transport. Iguchi, M; Kato, K; Kikuchi, A; Kuraoka, E; Kurosawa, T; Shibasaki, S; Shirasaka, Y; Suzuki, H; Tamai, I, 2010)	0.36
" Concurrently, ACE inhibition exacerbated intrarenal hypoxia and accelerated oxidative stress, indicating that renal adaptation to some consequences of ischemia does require bioavailability of RAS components."	( Effect of captopril treatment on recuperation from ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute renal injury. Berman, S; Efrati, S; Hamad, RA; Ilgiyaev, E; Maslyakov, I; Siman-Tov, Y; Weissgarten, J, 2012)	0.78
" By decreasing particle sizes nanosuspensions enhance dissolution rate and bioavailability of the active pharmaceutical ingredient."	( Controlled delivery of nanosuspensions from osmotic pumps: zero order and non-zero order kinetics. Geissler, S; Hill, A; Mäder, K; Weigandt, M, 2012)	0.38
" Zofenopril is a unique ACEI that has been shown to increase hydrogen sulfide (H2S) bioavailability and nitric oxide (NO) levels via bradykinin-dependent signaling."	( Zofenopril Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Increasing Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Sulfide Bioavailability. Ali, MJ; Bradley, JM; Cirino, G; Donnarumma, E; Evangelista, S; Goodchild, TT; Islam, KN; Jenkins, JS; Lefer, DJ; Organ, CL; Patel, RA; Polhemus, DJ; Rushing, AM; Scarborough, AL, 2016)	0.43
" In vivo pharmacokinetic studies on rabbits showed significant increase in bioavailability and mean residence time (MRT)."	( Formulation of zein based compression coated floating tablets for enhanced gastric retention and tunable drug release. Chen, Y; Li, J; Raza, A; Shen, N; Wang, JY, 2019)	0.51
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
"The polymorphism is a characteristic of several active principles, and can affect the bioavailability of a drug."	( Raman spectroscopy of captopril crystals under low-temperature conditions. da Silva Filho, JG; de Sousa, FF; Façanha Filho, PF; Freire, PTC; Ribeiro, PRS; Teixeira, AMR; Vasconcelos, DLM, 2020)	0.87
" Diabetic vascular complications arise from increased vascular endothelial inflammation and oxidative stress as well as decreased nitric oxide bioavailability in the vessel walls due to poor glycemic control."	( Combination of Captopril with Gliclazide Decreases Vascular and Renal Complications and Improves Glycemic Control in Rats with Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetes Mellitus. Abo-Saif, AA; Kozman, MR; Messiha, BAS; Mizar, SMM, 2021)	0.97

Dosage Studied

Captopril alone or in combination with furosemide has an antihypertensive effect in patients with chronic renal failure and hypertension. Side effects seem to be dose dependant and a reduced dosage should be used in these patients.

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"The effects of hydralazine (3 mg/kg) and the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril (SQ 14,225) (100 mg/kg) on mean arterial blood pressure, plasma renin activity, urinary volume and urinary Na+,K+, and aldosterone concentrations were examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats of the Okamoto and Aoki strain (SHR) after oral daily dosing for 2 weeks, 3 or 6 months."	( Effects of chronic treatment with captopril (SQ 14,225), an orally active inhibitor of angiotensin I-converting enzyme, in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Antonaccio, MJ; Goldberg, ME; Harris, DN; High, JP; Horovitz, ZP; Laffan, RJ; Rubin, B; Zaidi, I, 1979)	0.76
" The maximum oral dose of captopril was 450 mg daily and the maximum oral dosage of propranolol was 360 mg daily."	( Comparison of captopril with propranolol in the treatment of mild and moderate essential hypertension. Seedat, YK, 1979)	0.92
" However, amlodipine reduced ambulatory systolic (SBP) and DBP almost every hour over the whole circadian cycle, whereas the antihypertensive effect of captopril was attenuated during the final 3 hours of each dosing interval."	( Comparison of the effects of amlodipine and captopril on clinic and ambulatory blood pressure. Lacourcière, Y; Poirier, L; Provencher, P, 1992)	0.74
" It remains to be documented whether the persistence and degree of ACE inhibition is a factor in this effect, and, thus, comparison of short- with long-acting ACE inhibitors and study of the dosage of ACE inhibitors are of importance."	( Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition, the sympathetic nervous system, and congestive heart failure. The Australian Zestril (Lisinopril) Study Group. Sloman, G, 1992)	0.28
" Diuretic and digitalis were maintained in the same dosage during all the treatment."	( [Treatment of mild and moderate cardiac failure with captopril. A multicenter study]. Armaganijan, D; Barretto, AC; Batlouni, M; Hatab, SA; Nascimento, LO; Simões, R; Spritzer, N; Vichi, FL, 1992)	0.53
"The dosage of captopril ranged from 12."	( [Treatment of mild and moderate cardiac failure with captopril. A multicenter study]. Armaganijan, D; Barretto, AC; Batlouni, M; Hatab, SA; Nascimento, LO; Simões, R; Spritzer, N; Vichi, FL, 1992)	0.89
" Treatment with captopril was found to attenuate pressor responses produced by the administration of either alpha 1- or alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists, resulting in the displacement to the right of the agonist dose-response curves and significantly increasing the calculated ED50 values."	( The interrelationship between the effects of captopril and nifedipine on pressor responses elicited by selective alpha-adrenoceptor agonists in the pithed rat preparation. Tabrizchi, R; Triggle, CR, 1992)	0.89
" At the end of the treatment period the hearts were perfused as described by Langendorff, and a cumulative dose-response curve of isoprenaline was obtained in each heart."	( Captopril modifies the response of infarcted rat hearts to isoprenaline stimulation. Bartels, H; de Graeff, PA; de Langen, CD; Monnink, SH; van Gilst, WH; van Wijngaarden, J; Wesseling, H, 1992)	1.73
" Dose-response curves for CP-80,794 (0."	( Synergistic effect on reduction in blood pressure with coadministration of the renin inhibitor, CP-80,794, and the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril. Barber, RL; Fossa, AA; Murphy, WR; Nocerini, MR; Rauch, AL; Swindell, AC; Weinberg, LJ, 1992)	0.48
" Given the relatively low dosage and the significant compromise of Gz-tolerance on both relaxed and straining GOR runs, caution is recommended in using captopril to treat hypertensive fighter aircrew."	( The effect of captopril on +Gz tolerance of normotensives. Gray, GW; Paul, MA, 1992)	0.84
") age 81 (6) years, entered a double-blind, randomised, crossover study of three treatments, a twice daily regimen of captopril (AA), at a dosage established by titration against serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity, the same dosage in the morning with placebo at night (AP), and twice daily placebo (PP)."	( Effect of captopril on functional, physiological and biochemical outcome criteria in aged heart failure patients. Bowes, SG; Charlett, A; Deshmukh, AA; Dobbs, RJ; Dobbs, SM; Milledge, JS; Nicholson, PW; O'Neill, CJ; Weller, C, 1992)	0.89
" A decrease in ACTH level and in 11-hydroxycorticosteroids of the rat blood plasma has been determined after single captopril injection in the dosage of 10 and 50 mg/kg of body weight."	( [Changes in the activity of the brain renin-angiotensin system and in the functional state of the pituitary-adrenal system of rats under the influence of captopril]. Kalyns'ka, LM; Kononenko, VIa; Tron'ko, MD; Zatovs'ka, TV, )	0.54
" This suggests that blood pressure is not the important factor mediating the divergent renal responses to furosemide of the two captopril dosage regimens."	( Furosemide-induced natriuresis is augmented by ultra-low-dose captopril but not by standard doses of captopril in chronic heart failure. Fenwick, MK; Morton, JJ; Motwani, JG; Struthers, AD, 1992)	0.73
" The method has been used to determine the stability of captopril in oral liquid dosage forms prepared from either commercially available tablets or powder."	( Stability of captopril in some aqueous systems. Bethea, C; Das Gupta, V; Pramar, Y, 1992)	0.9
" An increased dosage of loop diuretic potentiates the haemodynamic effects of captopril in patients with cardiac failure."	( The relationship between diuretic dose, and the haemodynamic response to captopril in patients with cardiac failure. Davies, E; Edwards, CR; Flapan, AD; Shaw, TR; Williams, BC, 1992)	0.74
" These studies indicate that inhalation of ozone can induce functional alterations in the lung endothelium, and that this effect occurs at a dosage of ozone that produces minimal ventilatory changes and no observable endothelial ultrastructural changes."	( The effect of ozone inhalation on metabolic functioning of vascular endothelium and on ventilatory function. Gross, KB; Sargent, NE; White, HJ, 1991)	0.28
" After a 2 week placebo, the examinees were administered either L in increasing dose of 10, 20, or 40 mg per day (amount necessary to achieve normotension), or C in a dosage of 25, 50, or 100 mg per day."	( [Comparison of captopril and lisinopril in the treatment of mild and moderate hypertension]. Janezic, A; Knezević, S; Lijić, J; Marinković, M; Rumboldt, Z; Simunić, M, )	0.48
" L/HCTZ appears to be a well-tolerated combination with efficacy on once-daily dosing superior to that of C/HCTZ."	( Treating mild-to-moderate hypertension: a comparison of lisinopril-hydrochlorothiazide fixed combination with captopril and hydrochlorothiazide free combination. Graham, RD, 1991)	0.49
" Examination of the dosing regimen used, however, suggests that insufficient daily dosage of captopril or the inadequate schedule of administration, or both, might be responsible for different degrees of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition between the enalapril and captopril groups and hence for the difference in mortality."	( Difference in mortality between patients treated with captopril or enalapril in the Xamoterol in Severe Heart Failure Study. Oakley, C; Pouleur, H; Rousseau, MF; Rydén, L, 1991)	0.75
"A study was performed to investigate if oral dosing of captopril could influence the development of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed cynomolgus monkeys."	( Effects of captopril on atherosclerosis in cynomolgus monkeys. Aberg, G; Ferrer, P, 1990)	0.92
" Phosphoramidon (10(-7) to 10(-5) M) potentiated the substance P-induced contraction in a dose-dependent fashion, and phosphoramidon shifted the dose-response curve to lower concentrations."	( Enkephalinase inhibitor potentiates substance P- and capsaicin-induced bronchial smooth muscle contractions in humans. Ando, M; Araki, S; Honda, I; Kohrogi, H; Yamaguchi, T, 1991)	0.28
" Thus, modification in the dosage regimen of digoxin may be unnecessary in the case of coadministration with captopril."	( The effect of captopril on pharmacokinetics of digoxin in patients with mild congestive heart failure. Ishii, M; Kobayashi, K; Miyakawa, T; Shionoiri, H; Takasaki, I, 1991)	0.85
" At a dosage not affecting systemic blood pressure (12."	( Effect of the prostacyclin analogue iloprost in sodium-depleted rats pretreated with captopril. Bernheim, J; Podjarny, E; Pomeranz, A; Rathaus, M, 1991)	0.51
" Similarly, increased plasma renin activity induced by chronic salt depletion (0% NaCl) in pithed rats provoked a shift to the right of the dose-response curves to Ang II and ET-1 but not to MTX."	( Cross-desensitization between angiotensin II and endothelin-1 in the pithed rat. Auguet, M; Braquet, P; Chabrier, PE; Etiemble, E; Guillon, JM; Roubert, P, 1991)	0.28
" In comparison to placebo captopril 25 mg and 50 mg dosage increased time to 1 mm ST depression from 188."	( The role of captopril as single therapy in hypertension and angina pectoris. Akhras, F; Jackson, G, 1991)	0.96
" For this reason we studied the influence of different dosing times on the antihypertensive effect over 24 h using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM)."	( Chronopharmacology of captopril plus hydrochlorothiazide in hypertension: morning versus evening dosing. Holzgreve, H; Klüglich, M; Middeke, M, 1991)	0.6
" The average daily dosage of captopril was 41 +/- 3 mg given in three divided doses (08:00, 12:00, and 17:00 h)."	( Circadian rhythm of blood pressure in congestive heart failure and effects of ACE inhibitors. Dietz, R; Lemmer, B; Osterziel, KJ, 1991)	0.57
" greater than 1 year), presence of digoxin treatment, or the dosing schedule employed."	( A large-scale trial of captopril for mild to moderate heart failure in the primary care setting. DiBianco, R, 1991)	0.59
" Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors cause an acute fall in creatinine clearance which may reduce the effects of loop diuretics and attention must be paid to diuretic dosage when initiating angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for the treatment of cardiac failure."	( Acute administration of captopril lowers the natriuretic and diuretic response to a loop diuretic in patients with chronic cardiac failure. Davies, E; Edwards, CR; Flapan, AD; Shaw, TR; Waugh, C; Williams, BC, 1991)	0.59
" A dose-response curve was carried out using this free radical-generating system and differing levels of captopril."	( Captopril, an ACE inhibitor, for optimizing reperfusion after acute myocardial infarction. Das, DK; Engelman, RM; Iyengar, J; Rousou, JA, 1991)	1.94
" Pretreatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril markedly enhanced the effect of BK, such that the dose-response curve shifted significantly to the left in all three strains."	( Interaction of bradykinin and angiotensin in the regulation of blood pressure in conscious rats. Kerkhoff, J; van den Buuse, M, 1991)	0.52
" Findings show that timing recommendations for dosing in relation to meals are not considered in these institutions when drug administration schedules are established."	( Drug administration in relation to meals in the institutional setting. Kinder, S; Lubischer, A; Strong, A; Wolff, H, 1991)	0.28
" The dose was titrated; 24 received hydralazine and 26 captopril up to a maximum daily dosage of 225 mg and 75 mg respectively."	( Which vasodilator drug in patients with chronic heart failure? A randomised comparison of captopril and hydralazine. Brooks, NH; Lawrence, GP; Schofield, PM; Testa, HJ; Ward, C, 1991)	0.75
" Each drug was given separately in a random fashion in fixed dosage for 4 weeks with a washout period of 2 weeks in between the drugs."	( The effects of antihypertensive agents on the quality of life in Indian hypertensives. Kumar, K; Rajan, AG; Somani, PN; Sundar, S, 1991)	0.28
"We study the modifications of sodium tubular resorption, measured by lithium clearance after a single dosage of sublingual captopril, administered to 24 patients afflicted with nonfiltration after captopril produced an increase of proximal resorption of sodium, compensated by minor distal resorption, keeping a constant natriuresis."	( [Differences in the renal handling of sodium according to the response to captopril]. Carneado de la Fuente, J; Lapetra Peralta, J; Martín Sanz, V; Miranda Guisado, M; Molina Miró, J; Muñiz Grijalvo, O; Villar Ortiz, J, 1990)	0.72
" Lisinopril seems to be at least as effective as captopril in congestive heart failure, and it has over the latter the advantage of a once a day dosage therapy."	( [The value of lysinopril in cardiac insufficiency]. Lambert, M; Luccioni, R, 1990)	0.53
" These side effects subsided when the dosage was reduced."	( The effect of captopril on thallium 201 myocardial perfusion in systemic sclerosis. Amor, B; Devaux, JY; Kahan, A; Menkès, CJ; Strauch, G; Venot, A; Weber, S, 1990)	0.64
" Blood pressure and heart rate were measured at rest and during bicycle exercise tests 4 ("peak") and 24 hours ("trough") after dosing in the dilevalol group and 4 ("peak") and 12 hours ("trough") after dosing in the captopril group."	( Antihypertensive activity and duration of action of dilevalol in hypertensive patients at rest and during exercise. A comparison with captopril. Cesana, B; Fogari, R; Poletti, L; Savonitto, S; Tettamanti, F, 1990)	0.67
" A total of 22 patients completed the study, 11 treated with enalapril (mean dosage 25 +/- 10 mg/day) and 11 treated with captopril (mean dosage 77 +/- 26 mg/day)."	( [Comparison of enalapril and captopril in the treatment of chronic heart failure]. Greminger, P; Hess, OM; Jenni, R; Krayenbuehl, HP; Maire, R; Tjon-A-Meeuw, L, 1990)	0.78
" On repeated daily oral dosing to SHR, both compounds had a cumulative antihypertensive effect."	( Biological properties of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor cilazapril. Brewster, M; Budd, J; Francis, RJ; Klevans, LR; Natoff, IL; Nixon, JS; Patel, AT; Wenger, J; Worth, E, )	0.13
"According to classic pharmacologic theory, agonist/antagonist competition can be used to quantify an antagonist's potency by measurement of agonist dose-response curves in the presence of varying doses of the antagonist."	( Hemodynamic responses to angiotensin I in normal volunteers and the antagonism by the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor cilazapril. Belz, GG; Essig, J; Wellstein, A, 1987)	0.27
" The dose of AII was obtained by dose-response infusion until a minimal increase in blood pressure occurred."	( Inhibition of captopril-induced renin release by angiotensin II. Ceballos, L; Mersey, JH; Swartz, S, 1987)	0.63
" The patients were re-examined monthly and their treatment was modified if their BP was insufficiently controlled (DAP greater than 90 mmHg): first, the dosage of the drug was doubled, then another antihypertensive agent was added, which was either a diuretic (studies with C or A) or a beta-blocker (studies with D)."	( [Perindopril: first-line treatment of arterial hypertension]. Desche, P; Zanchetti, A, 1989)	0.28
" In this study, the effects of cicletanine at two dosage levels (3."	( [Comparison of the effects of cicletanine and captopril on kidney and heart lesions in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-SP)]. Bakri, F; Bosquet, D; Droy, MT; Guillemain, J; Lhuintre, Y; Ruchoux, MM, 1989)	0.54
" Using an individualised dosage scheme, neither long-lasting hypotension nor deterioration of renal function occurred."	( Acute and chronic effects of ramipril and captopril in congestive heart failure. de Graeff, PA; Kingma, JH; Lie, KI; Viersma, JW; Wesseling, H, 1989)	0.54
" Angiotensin I dose-response curves were derived by continuous infusion of angiotensin I in increasing dose steps; steady state was reached within 3 min."	( The assessment of ACE activity in man following angiotensin I challenges: a comparison of cilazapril, captopril and enalapril. Belz, GG; Essig, J; Wellstein, A, 1989)	0.49
" Therefore, if captopril therapy has to be used in a single daily dose an attempt should be made using an increased dosage or by employing the drug in some retarded pharmaceutical form."	( [Comparison of the efficacy of captopril and enalapril in single doses in the treatment of arterial hypertension. Evaluation by means of non-invasive ambulatory monitoring]. Canini, F; Gambini, G; Marinelli, M; Pinchi, G; Rossi, S; Valori, C, 1989)	0.92
" In ex vivo dose-response and time-course studies, the inhibitory effects of the seven drugs on tissue ACEs and their relative distributions to SHR tissues were compared following oral administration."	( Comparisons in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo of the actions of seven structurally diverse inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Cushman, DW; DeForrest, JM; Fung, WC; Grover, GJ; Harvey, CM; Mitch, SL; Scalese, RJ; Wang, FL, 1989)	0.28
" A very flat dose-response curve in high dosages and the expectation of fewer side effects made us combine low-dose captopril with enhanced stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system."	( Captopril and hydrochlorothiazide in the fixed combination multicenter trial. Lederle, RM, 1985)	1.92
"Nifedipine, in a slow release preparation, was given at a mean daily dosage of 47 +/- 4 mg to 12 patients with severe hypertension in whom arterial pressure was not satisfactorily controlled (mean arterial pressure 132 +/- 4 4 mm Hg) by the combination of a converting enzyme inhibitor and a diuretic."	( Effect of chronic nifedipine in patients inadequately controlled by a converting enzyme inhibitor and a diuretic. Mimran, A; Ribstein, J, 1985)	0.27
" The relatively high dosage employed and the severity of diseases in the patient population initially led to a high frequency of side effects."	( Captopril in hypertension; seven years later. Dreslinski, GR; Fand, R; Groel, JT; Herczeg, SA; Jenkins, AC; Tadros, SS, 1985)	1.71
" The results obtained indicated that if anything, the once daily dosing produced marginally better blood pressure values."	( Is captopril effective in controlling blood pressure when administered once daily? An assessment using 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Buik, C; Frewin, DB; Rennie, G, 1989)	0.9
"25 mg normally precedes regular therapy in an attempt to avoid first-dose hypotension, which may also be prevented by reduction in diuretic dosage and by the avoidance of over-diuresis leading to volume depletion."	( Lower than conventional doses of captopril in the initiation of converting enzyme inhibition in patients with severe congestive heart failure. Barnett, DB; Scott, RA, 1989)	0.56
" Thus hydrochlorothiazide and zofenopril given once daily at low dosage both reduce office and ambulatory blood pressures and are well tolerated."	( Comparative effects of zofenopril and hydrochlorothiazide on office and ambulatory blood pressures in mild to moderate essential hypertension. Lacourcière, Y; Provencher, P, 1989)	0.28
"02) and this effect was sustained over the dosing interval."	( A double-blind evaluation of captopril in elderly hypertensives. Coakley, D; Cox, JP; Duggan, J; Mee, F; O'Boyle, CA; O'Brien, E; O'Malley, K; Walsh, JB, 1989)	0.57
" After six weeks therapy, captopril produced significant antihypertensive effects one to six hours after dosing but these did not persist at eleven to twelve hours."	( Twice-daily low-dose captopril in diuretic-treated hypertensives. Davies, DL; Gillen, GJ; Leckie, B; McInnes, GT; Morton, JJ; Murdoch, DL; Murray, GD, 1989)	0.9
" Captopril (10(-6) M) and SnoCap (10(-6) M) equally inhibited contraction to angiotensin I, inducing a 50-fold shift in the dose-response curve."	( S-nitrosocaptopril. II. Effects on vascular reactivity. Andon, N; Cooke, JP; Loscalzo, J, 1989)	1.6
" In all three patients in NYHA Class IV the diuretic dosage had to be increased to a dose close to, or the same as, the original dose of diuretics in order to keep them from congestive heart failure."	( Captopril and the diuretic requirements in moderate and severe chronic heart failure. Gilmartin, J; Hall, RJ; Kenny, D; Odemuyiwa, O, 1989)	1.72
" We conclude that low dose captopril with a variable frusemide dosage represents a simple and effective treatment for moderate to severe hypertension."	( Low dose, twice daily captopril and frusemide: a safe, effective and flexible third line treatment regimen for hypertension. Corrie, J; Flapan, AD; Lindsay, BA; Padfield, PL; Rademaker, M, 1989)	0.89
" Captopril improved functional class (Canadian Cardiovascular Society) and reduced requirements for increased diuretic dosage at both 1 and 3 months of maintenance treatment."	( Comparison of the immediate and long-term effects of captopril and isosorbide dinitrate as adjunctive treatment in mild heart failure. Barin, E; Hoschl, R; Nelson, GI; Stokes, GS; Wilkes, NP, 1989)	1.44
" Captopril when dosed to lower diastolic blood pressure 5-7 mm Hg did not significantly affect GFR, RPF or RVR."	( Preliminary observations of the acute effects of selective serum thromboxane inhibition and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on blood pressure and renal hemodynamics in hypertensive humans. Douglas, FL; Hoover, N; Klassen, DK; Weir, MR, 1989)	1.19
" A conversion rate of angiotensin I to angiotensin II calculated from the dose-response curves was 26."	( Presynaptic angiotensin II receptors and captopril-induced adrenergic transmission failure probably not via converting enzyme inhibition in guinea-pig pulmonary arteries. Kubo, T; Misu, Y; Shionoiri, H; Yasuda, G, 1987)	0.54
" The dose-response curves for hAI and sAI were similar and revealed that hAI and sAI were about one-tenth as potent as hAII in stimulating ACTH release."	( Stimulation by angiotensins I and II of ACTH release from goldfish pituitary cell columns. Fryer, JN; Weld, MM, 1987)	0.27
" Abundant data from controlled clinical trials and worldwide experience, particularly for captopril, indicate the safety and absence of subjective side effects when used alone in relatively low dosage or in combination with a diuretic."	( Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: are they all alike? Case, DB, 1987)	0.49
" The reported incidence of these side effects with the current recommended dosage of captopril is low."	( Lack of cross sensitivity between captopril and enalapril. Jackson, B; Johnston, CI; Maher, D; Matthews, PG; McGrath, BP, 1988)	0.78
" The dosage must be adjusted according to renal function, in order to prevent accumulation and toxicity."	( [Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition: side effects and risks]. Scheler, F; Schilling, H, 1988)	0.27
", captopril appeared in approximately 40% of MC-838 in serum, indicating that the amount of serum captopril during the equimolar concentration treatment with MC-838 corresponds to half of serum captopril after the dosing of captopril."	( Tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme blockade by MC-838 (altiopril calcium) infused intravenously to miniature pigs: comparison with captopril. Akima, M; Hinohara, Y; Ichihara, T; Imagawa, J; Koga, T; Sakai, K; Shiraki, Y; Tohira, Y, )	1.06
" Initial titration dosage was decided on the basis of initial blood pressure recordings."	( Acute titration and chronic follow-up with captopril in hypertension. A one-year safety profile on combination therapy with captopril and a diuretic. Hunter, KW; Mahapatra, D; Mahapatra, RK; Yaden, S, 1986)	0.53
" However, captopril significantly shifted the dose-response curve to capsaicin inhalation."	( Angiotensin-converting enzyme and the cough reflex. Brown, MJ; Higenbottam, T; Lowry, R; Morice, AH, 1987)	0.68
" Further increase in the dosage resulted in 63% of the captopril- and 81% of the nifedipine-treated patients achieving target blood pressure."	( Comparison of nifedipine and captopril as third-line agents in hypertensive patients uncontrolled with beta-blocker and diuretic therapy. Beevers, DG; Potter, JF, )	0.67
" Average captopril dosage was 265 mg/d (150-300 mg), average minoxidil dosage was 19."	( [Comparison of the effect of captopril and minoxidil on left ventricular mass. Results of a 6-month comparative double-blind test]. Chatellier, G; Corvol, P; Dufloux, MA; Ménard, D; Ménard, J; Plouin, PF; Prasquier, R, 1987)	0.98
"The chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage of enalapril maleate, a nonsulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, are reviewed."	( Enalapril, a nonsulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Conner, DP; Ferguson, RK; Larijani, GE; Vlasses, PH, )	0.13
" Mesenteric arterial perfusion pressure frequency-response curves to periarterial adrenergic nerve stimulation (PNS) and dose-response curves to exogenous norepinephrine (NE) were obtained in SHR and WKY."	( Enhanced in vivo responsiveness of presynaptic angiotensin II receptor-mediated facilitation of vascular adrenergic neurotransmission in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Cline, WH, 1985)	0.27
" Mouse PACE activity was determined with 14C-Hip-His-Leu as substrate one hour after oral dosing of 3 animals/group with 5 or 50 mumol ACE inhibitor per kg."	( Correlation between anti-hypertensive activity in rats and plasma angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition in mice following oral administration of ACE inhibitors. Brooks, RR; Huang, CT; Moore, AF; Pong, SF, 1985)	0.27
" These results suggest that in the hepatorenal syndrome, captopril in standard dosage is without benefit, and provide further evidence that the changes in the renin-angiotensin system are probably secondary to reduced renal perfusion from some other cause."	( Captopril in the hepatorenal syndrome. Cobden, I; Record, CO; Shore, A; Wilkinson, R, 1985)	1.96
" There were significant falls in systolic blood pressure during captopril dosing alone, but there was no fall in blood pressure during combination therapy."	( Effect of naloxone on the actions of captopril. Ajayi, AA; Campbell, BC; Reid, JL; Rubin, PC, 1985)	0.78
" Data obtained with captopril, the first orally active ACE inhibitor, affords an understanding of the rationale of their therapeutic use based on the knowledge of their mechanisms of action, efficacy, contraindications and precautions, dosage and frequency of administration, side-effects, interactions and advantages."	( Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in hypertension: a review. Abdel-Haq, B; Arzilli, F; Graziadei, L; Lucarini, A; Magagna, A; Nuccorini, A; Pedrinelli, R; Salvetti, A; Taddei, S, 1985)	0.59
"Nifedipine, in a slow release preparation, was given at a mean daily dosage of 47 +/- 4 mg to 12 patients with severe hypertension in whom arterial pressure was not satisfactorily controlled (mean blood pressure, 172 +/- 6/111 +/- 4 mmHg) by the association of a converting enzyme inhibitor and a diuretic."	( Effect of nifedipine in hypertension not controlled by converting enzyme inhibitor and diuretic. Mimran, A; Ribstein, J, 1986)	0.27
" Both drugs have a shallow dose-response curve and both produce comparable hormonal changes: an increase in plasma renin activity and a decrease in aldosterone levels."	( Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in congestive heart failure. Overview in comparison of captopril and enalapril. Cohn, JN; Levine, TB; Olivari, MT, 1986)	0.49
" Cimetidine affected neither captopril pharmacokinetic parameters nor its biological effects, suggesting that no change in captopril dosing is necessary when cimetidine is co-administered."	( Cimetidine does not alter free unchanged captopril pharmacokinetics and biological effects in healthy volunteer. Bah, M; Cadilhac, M; Giudicelli, JF; Richer, C; Thuillez, C, )	0.69
" At the end of the study, drug-induced azotemia resolved after a reduction in the dosage of diuretics, despite unaltered treatment with captopril and enalapril."	( Functional renal insufficiency during long-term therapy with captopril and enalapril in severe chronic heart failure. Kessler, PD; Lee, WH; Medina, N; Packer, M; Yushak, M, 1987)	0.72
"5 h) captopril dosing were similar to those of HCTZ after acute (6."	( Pharmacokinetics and biological effects of captopril and hydrochlorothiazide after acute and chronic administration either alone or in combination in hypertensive patients. Giudicelli, JF; Mattei, A; Richer, C, 1987)	1.05
" Dose-response relationships were determined before and during the inhibition of kininase II activity with captopril or antagonism of angiotensin receptor sites with [Ile7] angiotensin III."	( Enzymatic formation of angiotensins II and III in the hindlimb circulation of dogs. Britton, SL; Metting, PJ, 1987)	0.49
" The dose-response curves were similar to controls, although the Nottingham Long-Evans control strain drank significantly less in response to some doses of the peptides."	( Thirst in Brattleboro rats. Fitzsimons, JT; Fuller, LM, 1988)	0.27
" The dosage was adjusted at weekly intervals in order to obtain normalization of blood pressure without exceeding the maximum allowable dosage."	( Captopril in patients with type II diabetes and renal insufficiency: systemic and renal hemodynamic alterations. Antiga, L; Bedogna, V; Bommartini, F; Casagrande, P; Maschio, G; Oldrizzi, L; Rugiu, C; Valvo, E; Zamboni, M, 1988)	1.72
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated for unchanged captopril, and it was shown that the disposition of intravenously-administered drug was linear with respect to dose over the dosage range studied."	( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous captopril in healthy men. Creasey, WA; Morrison, RA; Singhvi, SM; Willard, DA, 1988)	0.8
" After a two-week wash-out period, a starting dosage of captopril--12."	( Captopril in elderly hypertensive patients. Results from a multicenter Italian trial. Ambrosio, GB; Botta, G; Zamboni, S, 1988)	1.96
"In 27 hypertensive patients already receiving antihypertensive treatment and with serum total cholesterol levels between 260 and 350 mg/dl, captopril in a dosage of 50 mg twice a day was substituted for one of the drugs they were taking."	( Hypolipidemic effects of long-term antihypertensive treatment with captopril. A prospective study. Ambrosioni, E; Borghi, C; Costa, FV; Mussi, A, 1988)	0.71
" The hypotensive effect peaked at the second hour and was still significant 24 h after dosing without any significant differences between the 50- and the 100-mg doses."	( Captopril at 50 mg as well as at 100 mg once a day reduces blood pressure for up to 24 h: a double-blind randomized crossover study in mild to moderate hypertensives. Botta, G; Cardillo, R; Circo, A; Gulizia, M; Miceli, S; Raciti, S; Salvetti, A, 1988)	1.72
" This study examined the effect of varying the frequency of administration (once, twice and three times daily) of a fixed daily dosage of 75 mg captopril on ambulatory BP in a double-blind cross-over study in 15 patients with mild to moderate hypertension."	( Is the antihypertensive effect of captopril influenced by the dosage frequency? A study with ambulatory monitoring. Boon, N; Conway, J; Somers, V; Way, B, 1988)	0.75
" A sufficient antihypertensive effect in them resulted from the use of drug therapy at higher dosage than in SSP."	( [Changes in the hemodynamics and cardiac function of hypertension patients on moderate limited consumption of table salt]. Bakhshaliev, AB; Gadzhiev, RF; Lan'shina, OE, 1988)	0.27
"The effectiveness of captopril, the dose-response relationships, the influence of diuretics on the effective dose of captopril, the possible combinations of captopril with other antihypertensive agents as well as the clinical value of monotherapy and combined treatment have been investigated in 48 patients with hypertension."	( Monotherapy and combined treatment with captopril. Radó, J, 1988)	0.86
" Pretreatment with captopril prevents the rebound and reduces the dosage of vasodilator required and, therefore, may be considered an alternative to the well-documented beta-adrenergic blockers."	( [Rebound hypertension after controlled hypotension and its prevention by captopril]. Götz, H; Kleierl-Lindner, C; Pasch, T; Pichl, J, 1986)	0.83
" A fixed once-daily dosage of an antihypertensive agent may, however, increase patient compliance and convenience."	( Analysis of well-being and 24-hour blood pressure recording in a comparative study between indapamide and captopril. Lacourciere, Y, 1988)	0.49
" Dosage was subsequently halved in all infants."	( Renal failure in sick hypertensive premature infants receiving captopril therapy. Perlman, JM; Tack, ED, 1988)	0.51
" All data were plotted as dose-response curves, and subjected to linear regression analysis."	( Radiation-induced pulmonary endothelial dysfunction in rats: modification by an inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme. Kim, YT; Molteni, A; Solliday, NH; Ward, WF, 1988)	0.27
" Two patients suffered hypotension after increments in captopril dosage and subsequently had a rise in plasma urea and creatinine values."	( Captopril in treatment of infant heart failure: a preliminary report. Arnold, R; Scammell, AM; Wilkinson, JL, 1987)	1.96
" Forced expiratory flow (FEV1) and a dose-response curve with methacholine (PD20) were measured before and after treatment ."	( Captopril and bronchial reactivity. Abad, J; Juanmiquel, L; Morera, J; Plans, C; Roig, J; Ruiz, J; Sala, H, 1986)	1.71
" Therefore, prior to initiating captopril, the diuretic dosage should be reduced, particularly in low serum sodium concentration states if intravascular volume is depleted."	( Captopril in the treatment of congestive heart failure. Di Bianco, R, 1987)	2
" The mean supine BP 24 hours post dosing were 177/110 mmHg (placebo), 173/109 mmHg (propranolol) and 164/100 mmHg (atenolol)."	( Atenolol or propranolol in hypertensive patients poorly controlled on captopril and frusemide. Lovell, HG; Petrie, JC; Robb, OJ; Webster, J; Witte, K, 1987)	0.51
" In three patients not achieving the diastolic BP goal during combination therapy with dosing every 8 hours, automatic 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring demonstrated lack of antihypertensive control for only the last 2 to 3 hours of the dosing interval."	( Effects of combination therapy with captopril and nifedipine in severe or resistant hypertension. Lane, TJ; Podesla, S; Viadero, JJ; White, WB, 1986)	0.55
" The side effects produced were only mild in nature and did not require any change in dosage schedule."	( Low-dose captopril alone and in combination with hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension. Mondal, S; Pandhi, P; Sharma, BK; Sharma, PL; Wahi, PL, 1986)	0.69
" However, in the presence of copper sulfate, captopril inhibited the NK activity in a dose-response fashion."	( Immunosuppression by captopril in vitro: inhibition of human natural killer activity by copper-dependent generation of hydrogen peroxide. Iwata, M; Maruyama, M; Sugiyama, E; Yamashita, N; Yano, S; Yoshikawa, T, 1986)	0.85
" The maximum effective dosage was 3 mg/kg/day."	( Long-term treatment with captopril in pediatric patients with severe hypertension and chronic renal failure. Callis, L; Catalá, J; Gras, X; Vila, A, 1986)	0.57
" In addition, these rats showed decreased vascular reactivity to all vasoactive agents tested as signified by a shift in the dose-response curves to the right with an increase in threshold (ED16) and ED50."	( Alterations in renal vascular reactivity induced by chronic central administration of captopril in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Berecek, KH; Shier, DN, 1986)	0.49
" Previous medication was stopped and following a run-in period of 2 weeks on placebo, the initial dosage was C (25 mg)/HCT (12."	( Captopril/hydrochlorothiazide combination in elderly patients with mild-moderate hypertension. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Baulac, L; Creisson, C; Lenfant, B, 1986)	1.71
"The feasibility and reliability of home blood pressure measurement in clinical research were determined as part of a study to document the safety and efficacy of two captopril dosage regimens."	( Home blood pressure readings in clinical hypertension research. Pitterle, ME; Schmidt, GR; Schuna, AA, 1986)	0.47
" After 4 weeks the captopril dosage was doubled, whereas the hydrochlorothiazide dose remained at 25 mg for an additional 4 weeks."	( Once-daily treatment of essential hypertension with captopril. Schoenberger, JA; Wilson, DJ, 1986)	0.85
" After a wash-out period of 1 week, captopril was given initially as 75 mg/day for 2 weeks; at the end of this period, the dosage was doubled to 150 mg/day and continued at this level for a further 2 weeks."	( Antihypertensive effect of indapamide given in conjunction with captopril in severe hypertension. Dimkovic, S; Kocijancic, M, 1986)	0.78
" Thus, a captopril prescription must comply with certain rules; decrease of the dosage in case of renal insufficiency, usual precautions in patients with collagene diseases."	( [Agranulocytosis caused by captopril]. Assyag, P; Brechenmacher, C; Fass, H; Koenig, A, 1987)	0.99
"A multicentre controlled trial was carried out to determine the optimal dosage of a 2/1 combination of captopril plus hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in mild hypertension at three doses against placebo in a 6 week double-blind trial."	( Determination of the optimal dosage regimen of captopril + hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of moderate arterial hypertension. Childs, M; Lancrenon, S; Languillat, JM; Mattei, A; Millet, B; Schwebig, A; Stephan, A; Steru, D, 1987)	0.74
" On a dosage regimen of 25-50 mg three times daily the morning predose plasma free captopril concentration and plasma renin activity were relatively low and suggested that maximal inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system was not maintained throughout the dosage interval."	( Plasma free captopril concentrations during short and long term treatment with oral captopril for heart failure. Crichton, E; Davis, JR; Duncan, FM; Edwards, CR; Rademaker, M; Shaw, TR; Thomson, SA; Williams, BC, 1985)	0.87
" Following ablation of approximately 70% of their renal mass, rats were divided into three treatment groups: group I received a placebo treatment; group II received daily po administrations of captopril; group III received captopril at the same dosage schedule as group II, but the drug was not given for 4 weeks in the middle of the treatment period."	( Captopril slows the progression of chronic renal disease in partially nephrectomized rats. Fettman, MJ; Hall, RL; Wilke, WL, 1985)	1.9
" The biologic t1/2 of free captopril after alacepril dosing was longer than in previous studies of captopril per se."	( Pharmacokinetics of a new angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor (alacepril) after oral dosing in fasting or fed states. Fujishima, M; Hayashi, K; Hirakata, H; Motomura, K; Ohchi, N; Omae, T; Onoyama, K; Tomooka, S; Tsuruda, H, 1985)	0.57
" The total daily dosage of captopril ranged from 32 to 100 mg, divided into doses taken every 6 to 8 hours."	( Use of captopril as early therapy for renal scleroderma: a prospective study. Beckett, VL; Brennan, LA; Chao, EY; Conn, DL; Donadio, JV; Holley, KE; Osmundson, PJ, 1985)	1.02
" A dose-response curve to NE, ANG II, and lysine vasopressin was also performed."	( Angiotensin II, vasopressin, and sympathetic activity in conscious rats with endotoxemia. Brunner, HR; Nussberger, J; Schaller, MD; Waeber, B, 1985)	0.27
" In the high salt group captopril produced a similar but smaller parallel shift of the dose-response curve to the left."	( Dietary and pharmacological alterations in endogenous angiotensin II: effect on noradrenaline pressor responsiveness in the rat. Jones, DR; Penner, SB; Smyth, DD, 1985)	0.58
" Each dosage of hydrochlorothiazide was given for four weeks, with a two-week placebo washout period intervening."	( Antihypertensive efficacy of two low dosages of hydrochlorothiazide in patients treated with captopril. Ambrosioni, E; Borghi, C; Costa, FV; Mussi, A, 1985)	0.49
" After chronic administration the hypotensive efficacy was maintained for 10-12 h after the last dose, suggesting that twice daily dosage may be sufficient."	( The effect of captopril on autonomic reflexes in human hypertension. Venkat Raman, G; Waller, DG; Warren, DJ, 1985)	0.63
" The mean dosage of captopril was 157 mg per day in 3 oral doses (range: 75 to 300 mg per day)."	( [Treatment of chronic refractory cardiac insufficiency with an inhibitor of converting enzyme. Long-term results]. Brochier, M; Charbonnier, B; Cosnay, P; Desveaux, B; Fauchier, JP; Monpère, C, )	0.45
" In WKY, 3 mg/kg captopril failed to significantly lower mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and also failed to have a significant effect on the frequency-response curve to sympathetic nerve stimulation or dose-response curve to norepinephrine (NE) in the mesentery of WKY."	( Effects of captopril on vascular noradrenergic transmission in SHR. Eikenburg, DC, )	0.86
"The absorption and metabolism of the disulfide dimer conjugate of captopril has been studied in the rat following both oral and intravenous dosing and compared with that of the active monomer, captopril."	( Captopril disulfide conjugates may act as prodrugs: disposition of the disulfide dimer of captopril in the rat. Drummer, OH; Jarrott, B, 1984)	1.95
" Mesenteric vasoconstrictor responses to nerve stimulation and norepinephrine in the three groups were minimally affected by captopril, with significant differences between control and captopril-treated responses occurring randomly at a point or two in a dose-response or frequency-response curve for a given group."	( Effects of captopril on vascular noradrenergic transmission during the development of two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertension in rats. Eikenburg, DC; Lokhandwala, MF, 1983)	0.86
" During long-term administration of enalapril, a similar relationship between the plasma enalaprilic acid level, ACE inhibition and the hypotensive effect was shown, although the dose-response curve for plasma enalaprilic acid to ACE inhibition was displaced to the right compared to the acute dose-response curve."	( Plasma enalapril levels and hormonal effects after short- and long-term administration in essential hypertension. Casley, D; Cubella, R; Jackson, BJ; Johnston, CI; Larmour, I, 1984)	0.27
"The preventative effects of betablockers and captopril on the development of genetic hypertension in genetically hypertensive rats, were studied after long-term daily dosage by forced feeding, from the 5th to the 20th week of age of the animals."	( [Comparison of the effects of betablockers and captopril on the development of genetic hypertension in the rat]. Decourt, S; Freslon, JL; Giudicelli, JF; Glasson, S; Richer, C, 1981)	0.78
" The dose-response regression lines for the antihypertensive effect of each inhibitor, unlike those for ACE inhibition, were flat."	( Relationship between angiotensin I blockade and antihypertensive properties of single doses of MK-421 and captopril in spontaneous and renal hypertensive rats. Arbegast, PT; Blaine, EH; Gaul, SL; Gross, DM; Sweet, CS, 1981)	0.48
" Due to tachyphylaxis second dose-response run was used for comparison."	( Kallikrein potentiation of angiotensin I-induced contraction on isolated mesenteric artery. Larsson-Backstrom, C, 1983)	0.27
"In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), after 1 day of dosing with an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (captopril or enalapril) plus a diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide), a synergistic antihypertensive effect was observed when a second dose of the combination or ACE inhibitor alone but not the diuretic alone was given the next day."	( Acute antihypertensive synergism of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and diuretics. Cervoni, P; Chan, PS; Ronsberg, MA, 1984)	0.48
" Captopril acts orally and the dosage used for the treatment of congestive heart failure ranges from 50 to 150 mg daily."	( [Captopril in congestive heart failure (author's transl)]. Liebau, G, 1982)	2.08
" The group with renal failure had many more side effects due to a relative dosage (corrected for weight and renal function) which was three times as great."	( [Side effects induced by captopril. Comparison of a series of hypertensive patients with renal failure and a series with cardiac failure]. Albagnac, N; Bounhoure, JP; Doat, P; Durand, D; Fauvel, JM; Grenet, B; Kayanakis, JG; Suc, JM, 1983)	0.57
" In nature, occurring mostly at higher dosage schedules and resolving at lower dosage levels."	( The captopril-induced eruption. A possible mechanism: cutaneous kinin potentiation. Hammond, JJ; Kirkendall, WM; Wilkin, JK, 1980)	0.82
" Captopril was given in biweekly, doubling doses starting with 25 mg 3 times a day until control of blood pressure was achieved or a total daily dosage of 600 mg was reached."	( Dose response in captopril therapy of hypertension. Amery, A; Fagard, R; Lijnen, P; Staessen, J; Verschueren, LJ, 1980)	1.51
" Particular attention has been paid to peripheral plasma concentrations of angiotensin II in different circumstances; angiotensin II infusion has been combined with radioimmunoassay to construct angiotensin II/blood pressure dose-response curves."	( Angiotensin II and renal hypertension in dog, rat and man: effect of converting enzyme inhibition. Atkinson, AB; Brown, JJ; Fraser, R; Lever, AF; Morton, JJ; Riegger, AJ; Robertson, JI, 1980)	0.26
" On the 15th day, rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital, and dose-response curves to angiotensin II, lysine-vasopressin, and norepinephrine were obtained before and after intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg of captopril or 1 ml of 5% glucose."	( The opposing effects of chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme blockade by captopril on the responses to exogenous angiotensin II and vasopressin vs. norepinephrine in rats. Brunner, HR; Gavras, H; Spertini, F; Waeber, B, 1981)	0.68
" The remainder of these groups exhibited polydipsia and polyuria during the dosage period."	( [One month studies on the subacute toxicity of captopril in rats]. Hashimoto, K; Imai, K; Ohtaki, T; Yoshimura, S, 1981)	0.52
" Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of juxtaglomerular cells with increased number of JG granules were shown in the highest dosage group even 4 weeks after suspension of captopril administration."	( [Three month subacute toxicity of captopril in beagle dogs]. Hashimoto, K; Imai, K; Ohtaki, T; Yoshimura, S, 1981)	0.74
" ACE inhibition was confirmed by increases in blood angiotensin I (AI) and plasma renin activity and a 20-fold decrease in sensitivity of the blood pressure and renal blood flow dose-response curves to AI."	( Renal hemodynamics and renal kinins after angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. Anderson, WP; Clappison, BH; Johnston, CI, 1981)	0.26
" Captopril (30 mg/kg by mouth) reduced blood pressure in conscious SHR over a 5-day dosing period."	( Hypotensive action of captopril in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats. Interference with neurogenic vasoconstriction. Clough, DP; Collis, MG; Hatton, R; Keddie, JR, )	1.36
" Dose-response curves to angiotensin I, angiotensin II, and norepinephrine were established prior to and during continuous short-term (2 to 3 hours' duration) and long-term (24 hours' duration) inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme activity by either captopril or enalapril."	( Modulation of angiotensin II pressor responsiveness by circulating levels of angiotensin II in pregnant sheep. Austin, JE; Clark, KE; Holroyd, JC; Siddiqi, TA, 1983)	0.45
"The antihypertensive effectiveness of twice-daily dosing with the converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, was examined in a multicenter study of 294 patients (181 white, 111 black, two oriental) with essential hypertension whose supine diastolic blood pressure (SDBP) was 95 mm Hg or higher after 4 to 6 weeks of preliminary placebo administration."	( Monotherapy of essential hypertension with a converting-enzyme inhibitor. Drayer, JI; Weber, MA, )	0.35
" Dose-response relationships were determined before and during the inhibition of kinase II activity with captopril (2-D-methyl-3-mercaptopropanoyl-L-proline) and antagonism of angiotensin receptor sites with [Ile7]angiotensin III [( Ile7]ANG III)."	( Kinase II-dependent formation of angiotensins II and III in the hepatic circulation. Britton, SL; Daniel, C; Ronau, TF; Thomas, G, 1983)	0.48
" In the sodium-replete SHR, 5 days of oral dosing with pivalopril, 100 mg/(kg ."	( Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory and antihypertensive activities of pivalopril (RHC 3659-(S)). Loev, B; Mann, WS; Smith, RD; Suh, JT; Wolf, PS, 1984)	0.27
" Dose-response curves were generated for the 25-, 50- and 100-mg doses."	( Captopril in primary pulmonary hypertension. Bambach, D; Hermiller, JB; Huss, P; Leier, CV; Magorien, RD; Nelson, S; Unverferth, DV, 1983)	1.71
" Pressor responsiveness was evaluated acutely on the basis of dose-response curves (0."	( Pressor responses of rats to vasopressin: effect of sodium, angiotensin, and catecholamines. Brunner, HR; Burnier, M, 1983)	0.27
" Combination of HCTZ with captopril reduced average standing blood pressure to 111/76 mm Hg at 3 months and 116/81 mm Hg at 1 year while allowing reductions in average captopril dosage to 100 mg/day and HCTZ dosage to 40 mg/day and reductions in supplemental potassium administration and in HCTZ-induced hyperglycemia."	( Synergistic effect of captopril with hydrochlorothiazide for the treatment of low-renin hypertensive black patients. Anderson, RJ; Campbell, WB; Holland, OB; von Kuhnert, L, )	0.75
" Full PH dose-response curves for standard antihypertensive drugs were explored and were compared to their hypotensive dose-response curves."	( Antihypertensive drugs: their postural hypotensive effect and their blood pressure lowering activity in conscious normotensive rats. Carver, LA; Lee, CH; Strosberg, AM, 1983)	0.27
" During a 2 week dosage titration period, one captopril-treated patient died of an intracerebral hemorrhage."	( A placebo-controlled trial of captopril in refractory chronic congestive heart failure. Captopril Multicenter Research Group. , 1983)	0.81
", there was continuing control of the blood pressure without significant increases in dosage or addition of other drugs."	( Long-term antihypertensive therapy with captopril. Dreslinski, GR; Groel, JT; Jenkins, AC; Tadros, SS, )	0.4
" Analysis of variance did not reveal differences between the four captopril dosing schedules (1st trial), or between the two captopril dosing schedules (2nd trial)."	( Low-dose captopril therapy in mild and moderate hypertension. Randomized comparison of twice daily vs three times daily doses. Bentivoglio, M; Corea, L; Verdecchia, P, )	0.79
" Three to eight weeks after D-penicillamine administration in a dosage of 20 to 50 mg per day, 73% of Brown Norway (BN) rats became ill."	( Effects of prolonged administration of D-penicillamine or captopril in various strains of rats. Brown Norway rats treated with D-penicillamine develop autoantibodies, circulating immune complexes, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Andres, GA; Brentjens, JR; Donker, AJ; Venuto, RC; Vladutiu, AO, 1984)	0.51
"Twenty patients with primary or secondary Raynaud's phenomenon were, after a 4-week treatment-free interval, given captopril ( Lopirin ) at a dosage of 25 mg three times daily for 84 days."	( [Treatment of Raynaud's syndrome with captopril]. Ludwig, M; Stumpe, KO; Trübestein, G; Trübestein, R; Wigger, E; Wilgalis, M, 1984)	0.75
" The fall in pressure after oral nifedipine was maximal within 1 hr or less and was generally accompanied by palpitation and increase in pulse rate; with a six hourly dosing regimen the tendency of blood pressure to recover after each dose was interrupted by the next dose, so that values remained significantly reduced throughout the 24 hr, although pressure fluctuations were evident."	( Calcium-channel blockade with nifedipine and angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibition with captopril in the therapy of patients with severe primary hypertension. Bartorelli, A; De Cesare, N; Galli, C; Guazzi, MD; Salvioni, A; Tamborini, G; Tramontana, C, 1984)	0.49
" The initial dosage of captopril was reduced according to the level of renal impairment."	( Captopril treatment of hypertension and renal failure in systemic lupus erythematosus. Aurell, M; Edenö, C; Herlitz, H; Mulec, H; Westberg, G, 1984)	2.02
" Indomethacin (10(-6)M), shifted to the left the dose-response curve for AII in preparations from ovariectomized animals; augmenting both, the efficacy and the potency of the agonist."	( Prostaglandins and the contractile effect of angiotensin I and II in the uterus isolated from ovariectomized rats. Influences of indomethacin and 17-beta estradiol. Chaud, M; Gimeno, AL; Gimeno, MF; Viggiano, M, 1984)	0.27
" Increasing the dosage of Captopril does not reinforce or prolong its action; moderate doses (25 mg) are as effective as high doses (100 mg)."	( [Determination of the optimal dose of captopril in the treatment of severe cardiac failure by hourly hemodynamic monitoring]. Allal, J; Barraine, R; Bordage, JP; Pornin, M; Poupet, JY; Rossi, F, 1984)	0.84
" However, ketone bodies were consistently present in urine and several lethalities occurred during multiple dosing of captopril in SHR."	( Effect of captopril on pre-existing and aminonucleoside-induced proteinuria in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Brown, AD; Chiu, PJ, 1981)	0.87
" 2 During reduction of captopril dosage to a minimum of 36 +/- 4 mg twice a day, the acute effect of the morning dose of captopril (last dose taken at least 12 hours before study) was assessed."	( Maintenance of the antihypertensive efficacy of captopril despite consistent reduction in daily dosage. Jover, B; Mimran, A, 1982)	0.83
"Analysis of urinary captopril was necessary for dosage form bioavailability and dose titration studies."	( Sequential electrochemical reduction, solvent partition, and automated thiol colorimetry for urinary captopril and its disulfides. Kadin, H; Poet, RB, 1982)	0.8
" Captopril was infused intravenously in graded dosage from 10 to 3,000 microgram/kg, and renal blood flow measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter."	( Specificity of renal vasodilation with captopril: saralasin prevents the response in the DOCA-treated, salt-loaded rabbit. Hollenberg, NK; Passan, DR, 1982)	1.44
" Dose-response effects of captopril in an acute model of renovascular hypertension in the anaesthetized rat and in normotensive anaesthetized rats were compared."	( A comparison of the dose-response effects of captopril in anesthetized normotensive and renovascular hypertensive rats. Baranes, J; Clostre, F; DeFeudis, FV; Delaflotte, S; Etienne, A; Le Hegarat, M; Thiévant, P, 1982)	0.82
" The dosage of captopril could be kept low with maintained antihypertensive and angiotensin converting enzyme blocking effects."	( Captopril treatment in hypertensive dialysis patients. Aurell, M; Delin, K; Herlitz, H; Mulec, H, 1982)	2.06
" Aortic strips from SHR previously dosed with captopril showed equivalent or greater contractile responses to potassium chloride (KCl) and NE, when compared with strips from untreated age-matched controls."	( Effects of captopril on vascular reactivity of SHR in vivo and in vitro. Antonaccio, MJ; Kotler, D; Rubin, B, )	0.78
" These data suggest that bioavailability increases with chronic administration, and thus it may be possible to reduce the dosage of captopril and still maintain blood pressure control while reducing side effects."	( Pharmacokinetic properties of captopril after acute and chronic administration to hypertensive subjects. Anderson, AI; Drummer, O; Hooper, R; Jarrott, B; Louis, WJ; Miach, PJ, 1982)	0.76
" We can look forward to newer agents that are efficacious as monotherapy and on a daily or twice daily dosage regimen for the treatment of the vast majority of hypertensive patients."	( Newer antihypertensive agents. Thind, GS, 1980)	0.26
" Plasma angiotensin II and arterial pressure both rose and were related in a dose-response curve."	( Evidence that the acute hypotensive effect of captopril in dogs is not wholly explained by a reduction of plasma angiotensin II and its direct vasoconstrictor effect. Morton, JJ; Tree, M, 1980)	0.52
"Spironolactone alone in full dosage failed to correct hypertension in a patient with Conn's syndrome and renal impairment, although the previously increased total exchangeable sodium fell to normal and the previously suppressed plasma angiotensin II did not rise above the normal range."	( Combined captopril and spironolactone treatment in Conn's syndrome with renal impairment and refractory hypertension. Atkinson, AB; Brown, JJ; Davies, DL; Lever, AF; Robertson, JI, 1981)	0.68
" Thus, in the dosage used, gentamicin elicits greater impairment in glomerular function than does tobramycin, and by mechanism(s) that are at least partially responsive to suppression of AII generation."	( Pathophysiology of altered glomerular function in aminoglycoside-treated rats. Brenner, BM; Ichikawa, I; Rennke, HG; Schor, N; Troy, JL, 1981)	0.26
" The dosage of captopril was changed stepwise 3-30 and 3-100 mg/kg, orally per day in the young and adult rats, respectively."	( Effects of long-term treatments with captopril on blood pressure and renin activity in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Kawashima, K; Saito, K; Sokabe, H; Watanabe, TX, 1980)	0.89
" In summary (i) Captopril alone or in combination with furosemide has an antihypertensive effect in patients with chronic renal failure and hypertension; (ii) side effects seem to be dose dependant and a reduced dosage should be used in these patients."	( Long term effect of captopril in hypertension with chronic renal failure. Degroc, F; Durand, D; Gassia, JP; Suc, JM; Ton That, H, 1980)	0.93
" After an 8-day treatment with captopril alone in increasing dosage (mean: 453 +/- 140 mg/day), the fall in MAP still was 20."	( [Effectiveness of captopril in severe hypertension (author's transl)]. Corvol, P; Elkik, F; Milliez, P; Monteiro, A, 1981)	0.88
" A significant dose-response curve between the dose of captopril (range 75 to 450 mg/day) and the antihypertensive effect was obtained with a maximum at 300 mg/day."	( [Effect of captopril in essential hypertension (author's transl)]. Laroche, B; Mimran, A; Targhetta, R, 1981)	0.9
" Dose-response curves for various vasoactive agents were obtained before and after exposure to captopril (2 x 10(-4) M) for 30 minutes."	( Effect of in vitro administration of captopril on vascular reactivity of rat aorta. Fregly, MJ; Kikta, DC, )	0.62
" Therefore, during chronic captopril therapy of CHF, a reduction of diuretic dosage may be necessary to prevent orthostatic hypotension."	( Postural hypotension during tilt with chronic captopril and diuretic therapy of severe congestive heart failure. Cody, RJ; Franklin, KW; Laragh, JH, 1982)	0.82
" Two new cases of a pityriasis rosea-like captopril-induced eruption support a pharmacologic mechanism for the eruption, since it resolved after the dosage of captopril was lowered in one patient and continued when the dosage of captopril remained unchanged in the other patient."	( Pityriasis rosea-like rash from captopril. Kirkendall, WM; Wilkin, JK, 1982)	0.81
" In another experiment angiotensin II was infused at 2, 6, 18 and 54 ng/kg/min into sodium-depleted dogs firstly without modification and secondly combined with captopril (6,000 micrograms/kg/hour) given for 1 hour before the angiotensin dose-response study and continued throughout."	( Effect of infused captopril on blood pressure and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in normal dogs subjected to varying sodium balance. Casals-Stenzel, J; Morton, JJ; Tree, M, 1982)	0.79
" Repeat measurements during captopril therapy showed a shift to the left of the BK/FBF, but not of the NP/FBF, dose-response curve, indicating effective vascular kininase II inhibition."	( Antihypertensive and renal effects of captopril in relation to renin activity and bradykinin-induced vasodilation. Amann, FW; Bühler, FR; Hulthén, L; Kiowski, W; van Brummelen, P, 1982)	0.83
" The dose-response curve for rats with gastric vagotomy was shifted to the right."	( Histamine-elicited drinking is dependent upon gastric vagal afferents and peripheral angiotensin II in the rat. Kraly, FS; Miller, LA, 1982)	0.26
" In contrast, however, the effects of captopril were no longer evident during the final 3 h of the dosing interval."	( Comparison of amlodipine and captopril in hypertension based on 24-hour ambulatory monitoring. Lacourcière, Y; Poirier, L; Provencher, P, 1993)	0.85
" The acetylcholine dose-response curve shifted to the right after the induction of nitroglycerin tolerance."	( Effect of captopril on acetylcholine-induced relaxation in the presence of nitroglycerin tolerance in isolated rabbit aorta. Aikawa, J; Akatsuka, N; Fukazawa, M; Ishikawa, M; Moroi, M; Namiki, A; Yamaguchi, T, )	0.53
" The peptides produced dose-related increases in perfusion pressure, and dose-response curves to all six peptides were parallel."	( Analysis of responses to angiotensin peptides in the hindquarters vascular bed of the cat. Garrison, EA; Kadowitz, PJ; Osei, SY; Santiago, JA, 1995)	0.29
" However preinjection flow of a second dose-response curve of ET-1 was significantly higher in captopril-treated as compared with control animals."	( Interference of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with vasoactive peptides in the coronary circulation of dogs. Bauer, B; Becker, HH; Dürr, R; Ertl, G; Neubauer, S; Spindler, M, 1995)	0.51
" The dose-response curves to angiotensin I (n = 6) were significantly displaced to the right by captopril in a concentration-dependent manner."	( Effects of captopril on the human foetal placental circulation: an interaction with bradykinin and angiotensin I. de Moura, R; Lopes, MA, 1995)	0.9
" All patients received three dosing regimens administered in random order: (a) intravenous frusemide: 40 mg bolus then 40 mg h-1 for 3 h, (b) captopril: two 12."	( The renin angiotensin aldosterone system and frusemide response in congestive heart failure. Cerimele, B; Greene, P; Reed, S; Ryan, T; Schwertschlag, U; Voelker, J; Weinberger, M, 1995)	0.49
" Analysis of the data obtained revealed that delapril and captopril exhibit equal efficacy over the dosage ranges studied."	( Comparison of the safety and efficacy of delapril with captopril in outpatients with congestive heart failure. Fuchs, W, 1995)	0.78
" The dosage of both drugs was individually adjusted in time according to the results of serum potassium and renal function."	( Combined therapy of captopril and spironolactone for refractory congestive heart failure. Han, YL; Hu, XL; Jing, QM; Liu, JQ; Tong, M, 1994)	0.61
" Cap was given in dosage of 37."	( Effects of captopril and nadolol on renal hemodynamics in patients with essential hypertension. An, R; Chen, H; Gong, PL; Zen, FD; Zhang, YX; Zhu, ZH, 1994)	0.68
" This paper reviews results of that trial and presents guidelines for effective captopril dosage after acute myocardial infarction."	( Postmyocardial infarction patients: experience from the SAVE trial. Connors, KF; Lamas, GA, 1995)	0.52
"75, 10, and 30 mg) of cilazapril reduced diastolic blood pressure dose-dependently and shifted the angiotensin I dose-response curves to the right."	( Review of studies on the clinical pharmacodynamics of cilazapril. Belz, GG; Breithaupt, K; Erb, K, 1994)	0.29
" Pretreatment with captopril reduced the pressor responses to cirazoline and displaced the dose-response curve for this agonist to the right, significantly increasing the ED50 without altering the maximum response."	( Pressor responses to the alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist cirazoline: effects of captopril, phenoxybenzamine and nifedipine. Tabrizchi, R; Triggle, CR, 1994)	0.85
" The differences were most marked 19-24 hours post dosage time when pressures (systolic/diastolic) during lisinopril therapy were lower than during captopril by 18."	( Once daily lisinopril and captopril in hypertension: a double blind comparison using ambulatory monitoring. Mann, S; O'Brien, KP, 1994)	0.79
"In this study, lisinopril proved a more effective once daily antihypertensive agent than captopril, especially in the last 6 hours of the 24-hour dosage interval."	( Once daily lisinopril and captopril in hypertension: a double blind comparison using ambulatory monitoring. Mann, S; O'Brien, KP, 1994)	0.81
"The AR described were classified by organs and systems, evaluating the age and the sex of the patient, the indication for the drug, dosage used, and the level of health care assistance received since notification."	( [Adverse reactions from angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor drugs reported by the yellow card]. Ferrer, JM; Morales-Olivas, FJ; Palop, V; Rubio, E, 1994)	0.29
" Preliminary studies indicated that only fosinopril (50 mg/kg) temporarily decreased mean arterial pressure, while after chronic dosing fosinopril and captopril (50 mg/kg) were ineffective."	( Inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme decrease early atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic hamsters. Fosinopril reduces plasma cholesterol and captopril inhibits macrophage-foam cell accumulation independently of blood pressure and plasma lipids. Aberg, G; Grove, RI; Kowala, MC, 1994)	0.69
"02) and effective renal plasma flow rose during the first (198 +/- 76 versus 231 +/- 49 mL/min) and second hours after dosing (185 +/- 69 versus 247 +/- 74 mL/min, P < ."	( Effect of intense angiotensin II suppression on the diuretic response to furosemide during chronic ACE inhibition. Brady, AJ; Cleland, JG; Good, JM; Noormohamed, FH; Oakley, CM, 1994)	0.29
" Nifedipine and captopril were administered as monotherapy in increasing dosage while a diuretic was added after 8 weeks in patients who failed to reach the target BP (24-h mean diastolic BP < 90 mm Hg) on monotherapy."	( Nifedipine versus captopril in the management of moderate hypertension in black patients. Davis, J; Eitzman, L; Sareli, P; Skoularigis, J; Strugo, V, 1994)	0.97
" First, in control hearts, dose-response curves were obtained for single ANP dosages of 1-100 nmol."	( Interrelation of coronary effects of atrial natriuretic peptide and the renin-angiotensin system in the isolated perfused rat heart. Bauer, WR; Ertl, G; Neubauer, S; Obitz, G, 1994)	0.29
"A direct semimicro conductometric method is described for the determination of five pharmaceutically-important thiol compounds, namely: N-acetylcysteine, captopril, D-penicillamine, 6-mercaptopurine and thioguanine, in bulk and in dosage forms."	( Conductometric determination of some pharmaceutically important thiol compounds in dosage forms. Belal, F; Eid, MM; Rizk, MS, 1993)	0.48
" In the first the effects of captopril on apomorphine-induced behaviour were compared with those of the classical neuroleptic haloperidol, and in the second dose-response curves for the effects of captopril and enalapril on apomorphine-induced behaviour were determined."	( The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors captopril and enalapril inhibit apomorphine-induced oral stereotypy in the rat. Banks, RJ; Dourish, CT; Mozley, L, 1994)	0.84
" More controlled trials with less aggressive dosing regimens and placebo controls need to be performed to assess the most appropriate treatment for HUs with the fewest adverse effects."	( Oral antihypertensives for hypertensive urgencies. Gales, MA, 1994)	0.29
" Since this dosage form is not commercially available, it has to be extemporaneously compounded."	( Quality control of extemporaneously prepared microdose captopril capsules: weight variation versus content uniformity. Auty, R; Colucci, RD; Glassner-Cohen, L; Scavone, JM, 1994)	0.54
" Plasma levels of YM-21095 after 3 mg kg-1 intravenous dosing to dogs declined biphasically and fitted a two-compartment model."	( Pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular effects of YM-21095, a novel renin inhibitor, in dogs and monkeys. Asano, M; Inagaki, O; Shibasaki, M; Takenaka, T; Usui, T, 1994)	0.29
" Intravenous captopril of a sufficient dosage (11 mg) to normalize blood pressure then was given to the hypertensive patients while measurements were repeated."	( Arterial hemodynamics in human hypertension. Effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition. Chang, MS; Chen, JW; Ting, CT; Yang, TM; Yin, FC, 1993)	0.66
" Evaluation criteria were efficacy, clinical experience, safety, dosage interval, hepatic bioactivation, interactions, dosage forms and cost."	( Decision analysis applied to the selection of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Atienza Fernández, M; Carvajal Gragera, E; Piña Vera, MJ; Santos Ramos, B, 1993)	0.29
" dosing schedule) oral treatment with isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN; 5 mg kg-1) indicative of the induction of tolerance to GTN but not to SIN-1."	( Release of nitric oxide from glyceryl trinitrate by captopril but not enalaprilat: in vitro and in vivo studies. Mollace, V; Pistelli, A; Salvemini, D, 1993)	0.54
" Increases in dosage caused very little increase in haemodynamic effect, suggesting that complete suppression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme may not be necessary for an optimal clinical response."	( Acute haemodynamic effects of lisinopril and captopril in patients with severe congestive heart failure. Byttebier, G; Van Hedent, T; Van Mieghem, W, 1993)	0.55
" Oral dosing with active drugs led to different temporal responses."	( Blood pressure response to the first dose of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in congestive heart failure. Lees, KR; MacFadyen, RJ; Reid, JL; Squire, IB, 1993)	0.29
"Although angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor therapy is an established approach in the treatment of chronic heart failure, the required dosage remains unclear."	( Clinical and neurohumoral response of patients with severe congestive heart failure treated with two different captopril dosages. Baumgartner, W; Bergler-Klein, J; Globits, S; Glogar, D; Ogris, E; Pacher, R; Teufelsbauer, H; Wutte, M, 1993)	0.5
") did not alter the dose-response curves."	( Role of angiotensin II and prostaglandins in the regulation of uteroplacental blood flow. Woods, LL, 1993)	0.29
" A dose-response curve was performed for EPO at 0, 10, 100, 1,000, and 10,000 mU/mL."	( Erythropoietin-induced antinatriuresis mediated by angiotensin II in perfused kidneys. Aronoff, GR; Brier, ME; Bunke, CM; Lathon, PV, 1993)	0.29
" After this period, patients with DBP > 90 mmHg had the dosage duplicated, while the others had the same dosage for 60 days more."	( [Efficacy and tolerability of the captopril and hydrochlorothiazide combination in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. Multicenter study]. Franco, RJ; Martin, LC; Velasco-Cornejo, IF, 1995)	0.57
" The complication of cough was not related significantly to age, sex, underlying disease, drug dosage or smoking status."	( High prevalence of persistent cough with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in Chinese. Nicholls, MG; Woo, KS, 1995)	0.29
" Differences exist between the dosage schedules of both ACE inhibitors."	( [Treatment of heart failure in dogs with ACe inhibitors: comparison of quinapril and captopril]. Kersten, U; Morisse, B, 1995)	0.52
" Captopril acted directly and specifically on capillary endothelial cells, inhibiting their chemotaxis with a biphasic dose-response curve showing an initial decrease at clinically achievable doses under 10 microM and a further slow decline in the millimolar range."	( Captopril inhibits angiogenesis and slows the growth of experimental tumors in rats. Bouck, NP; Chesler, L; Johnson, MD; Lingen, MW; Molteni, A; Polverini, PJ; Solt, DB; Volpert, OV; Ward, WF, 1996)	2.65
" The present study determined the time course and the dose-response relationship of radiation-induced hyperpermeability in cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial (BPAE) cells."	( Dose-response effects of radiation on the permeability of endothelial cells in culture. Molteni, A; Taylor, JM; Ward, WF; Waters, CM, 1996)	0.29
"To provide clinical support that conversion from captopril to lisinopril at a daily oral dosage ratio of 5:1 maintains comparable therapeutic efficacy, and to estimate retrospectively cost savings because of conversion from captopril to lisinopril therapy at the study site and with the associated overall drug conversion program instituted by Kaiser Permanente."	( Conversions from captopril to lisinopril at a dosage ratio of 5:1 result in comparable control of hypertension. Gill, TH; Hauter, F; Pelter, MA, 1996)	0.89
"The blood pressures of patients in whom captopril therapy was switched to lisinopril therapy were maintained throughout the entire study within the defined acceptable limits of control when the conversion was initiated at a daily oral dosage ratio of 5:1."	( Conversions from captopril to lisinopril at a dosage ratio of 5:1 result in comparable control of hypertension. Gill, TH; Hauter, F; Pelter, MA, 1996)	0.9
"The conversion from captopril (in equally divided daily doses) to lisinopril (once daily) at a dosage ratio of 5:1 maintained comparable control of mild-to-moderate hypertension with no increase in adverse effects."	( Conversions from captopril to lisinopril at a dosage ratio of 5:1 result in comparable control of hypertension. Gill, TH; Hauter, F; Pelter, MA, 1996)	0.96
"The stability of drugs commonly prescribed for use in oral liquid dosage forms but not commercially available as such was studied."	( Stability of baclofen, captopril, diltiazem hydrochloride, dipyridamole, and flecainide acetate in extemporaneously compounded oral liquids. Allen, LV; Erickson, MA, 1996)	0.6
" In pts with DBP > 90 mmHg after 4 weeks, the dosage of trial medication was doubled and continued for further 4 weeks."	( [Influence of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitors on selected parameters of zinc metabolism]. Peczkowska, M, 1996)	0.29
" A model was developed and validated in which specific sites within the GI tract of rats were surgically implanted with a cannula such that animals could be dosed while conscious and unrestrained."	( Intestinal absorption of captopril and two thioester analogs in rats and dogs. Bathala, MS; Dean, AV; Jain, NB; Kripalani, KJ; Marino, AM; Migdalof, BH; Morrison, RA; Singhvi, SM; Weinstein, SH, 1997)	0.6
" Two approaches were taken: (1) radioligand binding assays were performed on membrane preparations of purified renal microvessels and glomeruli, with displacement of 125I-[Sar-Ile8]-ANG II by specific non-peptide antagonists of AT (losartan) and AT2 (PD 123319): (2) dose-response curves to ANG II on the isolated perfused kidney were studied."	( Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme two-week inhibition on renal angiotensin II receptors and renal vascular reactivity in SHR. Garcia, R; Haddad, G, 1997)	0.3
" HRV was determined during 20-40 min supine rest at baseline and then at 2-weekly intervals during incremental dosing of oral captopril, 12."	( Low-dose but not high-dose captopril increases parasympathetic activity in patients with heart failure. Kamen, PW; Krum, H; Tonkin, AM, 1997)	0.8
") orally, starting 3 days before angioplasty and continuing for 4 weeks; 10 additional pigs were treated with the same dosing regimen of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril (3."	( Selective antagonism of the ET(A) receptor reduces neointimal hyperplasia after balloon-induced vascular injury in pigs. Burke, SE; Dayton, BD; Gagne, GD; Lubbers, NL; Opgenorth, TJ; Wegner, CD; Wessale, JL, 1997)	0.49
"5 mg combination is more effective during the last period of the dosing interval."	( [Comparison of antihypertensive and metabolic effects of lisinopril 20 mg/hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg fixed combination and captopril 50 mg/hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg fixed combination]. Baleydier, A; Milon, H, )	0.34
" Eleven asymptomatic patients with severe chronic aortic regurgitation in sinus rhythm, who had an ejection fraction greater than 50% and were not taking cardiovascular drugs, were orally administered captopril at the maximum tolerated dosage (127 +/- 13 mg/day)."	( [Long-term captopril therapy in asymptomatic patients with severe chronic aortic insufficiency]. Bisignani, G; Caporale, R; Guzzo, D; Plastina, F; Serafini, O, 1997)	0.88
" After 6 weeks of treatment, the daily dosage was doubled in patients whose sitting diastolic blood pressure (SiDBP) remained > or = 90 mm Hg."	( A randomized, double-blind comparison of the antihypertensive efficacy and safety of once-daily losartan compared to twice-daily captopril in mild to moderate essential hypertension. Cifkova, R; Harron, DW; Karpov, YA; Lepe, L; Oigman, W; Roca-Cusachs, A, 1997)	0.5
" Captopril significantly increased the number of writhes after dosing at 01:00 and 07:00 (during the active period)."	( Effect of captopril on the time-dependent variation of kaolin-induced writhing reaction. Fujimura, A; Sakamoto, K; Sugimoto, K, 1998)	1.61
" At presumed ICG steady state (t=45 min), subjects were dosed with oral nifedipine (20 mg), captopril (50 mg) or placebo."	( The influence of nifedipine and captopril on liver blood flow in healthy subjects. Burggraaf, J; Cohen, AF; Kroon, JM; Schoemaker, RC, 1998)	0.8
" S-nitrosocaptopril produced acute reductions in mean arterial pressure after both oral dosing (5, 10, 50 mg/kg) to chronically-catheterized awake rats and intravenous administrations (0."	( The effects of S-nitrosocaptopril on renal filtration and blood pressure in rats. Blantz, RC; Jia, L, 1998)	1.01
" Irbesartan and captopril significantly reduced systolic pressure and produced similar rightward shifts in the angiotensin I dose-response curve."	( Comparison of irbesartan with captopril effects on cardiac hypertrophy and gene expression in heart failure-prone male SHHF/Mcc-fa(cp) rats. Carraway, JW; Holycross, BJ; McCune, SA; Park, S; Radin, MJ, 1999)	0.94
"25 mg test dose of Captopril, the dosage was progressively increased to the target dose of 150 mg at the end of the first month."	( [The CAPITOL study (Captopril Post Infarction Tolerance). A trial of progressive titration of captopril after myocardial infarct with left ventricular dysfunction]. Bounhoure, JP; Dubourg, O; Guéret, P; Thuillez, C; Vahanian, A, 1999)	0.96
" As an active control, we used an equivalent antihypertensive dosage of captopril (10 mg/kg)."	( Impaired renal vascular response to a D1-like receptor agonist but not to an ACE inhibitor in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. de Jong, PE; de Vries, PA; de Zeeuw, D; Kluppel, CA; Navis, G, 1999)	0.54
" Fasting continued for additional 4 h after dosing and no other liquid intake was allowed from 1 h before to 2 h after administration."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of zofenopril in healthy volunteers. Crivelli, F; Dal Bo, L; Giusti, A; Ismaili, S; Marzo, A; Mazzucchelli, P; Monti, NC; Tettamanti, RA; Uhr, MR, 1999)	0.3
"The development of oral sustained or controlled release dosage form of captopril has been an interested topic of research for a long period of time."	( Recent progress in sustained/controlled oral delivery of captopril: an overview. Nur, AO; Zhang, JS, 2000)	0.79
" The percentage of correct dosing periods, ie, a period with only one correct recorded opening, was 94."	( Electronic pill-boxes in the evaluation of antihypertensive treatment compliance: comparison of once daily versus twice daily regimen. Andrejak, M; Carré, A; Clerson, P; Genes, N; Poncelet, P; Vaur, L, 2000)	0.31
"To be listed for heart transplantation (HTx), optimization of the dosage of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) -inhibitors is recommended worldwide even though this issue has not been thoroughly investigated in the pre-transplantation cohort."	( ACE inhibitor dosage at the time of listing predicts survival. Berger, R; Frey, B; Kozanly, I; Kuchling, G; Pacher, R; Stanek, B, 2000)	0.31
" The proposed procedures were applied successfully for the determination of the two investigated drugs in their tablets dosage form."	( Utilization of carbon disulphide for the analytical determination of betahistine hydrochloride and captopril in their pharmaceutical preparations. Bakry, RS; Belal, SF; El Walily, AF; Razak, OA, 1999)	0.52
" In the second experiment, furosemide injection was preceded by treatment with a higher dose of CAP; this dosage blocks the peripheral and central formation of angiotensin II."	( Activation of renal afferent pathways following furosemide treatment. II. Effect Of angiotensin blockade. Fitch, GK; Weiss, ML, 2000)	0.31
" Compared to conventional tablets, release of captopril from these floating tablets was apparently prolonged; as a result, a 24-hr controlled-release dosage form for captopril was achieved."	( Captopril floating and/or bioadhesive tablets: design and release kinetics. Nur, AO; Zhang, JS, 2000)	2.01
"We sought to describe the dosages of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor prescribed to elderly patients with heart failure at hospital discharge, the factors associated with dosing level, and the association of these dosages with 1-year outcomes."	( Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor dosages in elderly patients with heart failure. Chen, YT; Krumholz, HM; Radford, MJ; Wang, Y, 2001)	0.31
" We observed a dose-response relationship between higher doses and lower mortality."	( Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor dosages in elderly patients with heart failure. Chen, YT; Krumholz, HM; Radford, MJ; Wang, Y, 2001)	0.31
"The development and validation of a significantly cost effective and simpler anion-exchange high performance liquid chromatorgaphic (HPLC) procedure than the compendial methods for the analysis of captopril in tablet dosage forms using indirect photometric detection is described."	( Determination of captopril in pharmaceutical tablets by anion-exchange HPLC using indirect photometric detection; a study in systematic method development. Mirza, T; Tan, HS, 2001)	0.84
" The slope of the dose-response curve was used for comparisons between the groups."	( Bradykinin infusion in chronic cardiac failure and the effects of captopril. Johnston, GD; Maguire, SM; McAuley, D; McGurk, C; Nicholls, DP; Nugent, AG, 2001)	0.55
" In the CSA group, CSA was given at an initial dosage of 5 mg."	( Cyclosporin A treatment for idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Chen, H; Hu, W; Li, L; Liu, Z; Tang, Z; Wang, Q; Yao, X; Yin, G, 2001)	0.31
" One CR patient relapsed as the dosage of CSA was reduced, so 7 patients remained in CR at the end of the first 15-months."	( Cyclosporin A treatment for idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Chen, H; Hu, W; Li, L; Liu, Z; Tang, Z; Wang, Q; Yao, X; Yin, G, 2001)	0.31
"CSA therapy at a dosage of 5 mg."	( Cyclosporin A treatment for idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Chen, H; Hu, W; Li, L; Liu, Z; Tang, Z; Wang, Q; Yao, X; Yin, G, 2001)	0.31
" In this study, we examined the relative contribution of non-ACE pathways, by comparing the response to candesartan and to captopril at the top of the dose-response in normal humans when in balance on a low-salt, as well as a high-salt, diet."	( Salt intake and non-ACE pathways for intrarenal angiotensin II generation in man. Fisher, ND; Hollenberg, NK; Lansang, MC; Osei, SY; Price, DA, 2001)	0.52
" 6 h(-1) captopril) or an equimolar dosage of free captopril."	( Targeting of captopril to the kidney reduces renal angiotensin-converting enzyme activity without affecting systemic blood pressure. de Zeeuw, D; Grijpstra, F; Haverdings, RF; Koiter, J; Kok, RJ; Meijer, DK; Moolenaar, F, 2002)	1.1
" Then the influence of the combination of additives including antioxidants, anti-irritants and penetration enhancer on stability, skin irritation and penetration capacity of captopril in semisolid dosage form was investigated."	( Effect of antioxidants and anti-irritants on the stability, skin irritation and penetration capacity of captopril gel. Chang, JS; Huang, YB; Liu, JC; Tsai, MJ; Tsai, YH; Wu, PC, 2002)	0.72
" Additional prospective large studies are necessary to verify the relationship observed here between the optimal dosage as well as the duration of action of different ACEIs and their outcomes."	( Long-term survival of non-elderly patients with severe heart failure treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors assessment of treatment with captopril and enalapril survival study (ACESS). Huang, CM; Young, MS, 2002)	0.51
"There was a wide range of changes in RPF and GFR in response to the two agents, each administered at the top of its dose-response range."	( Glomerular hemodynamics and the renin-angiotensin system in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Fisher, ND; Gordon, MS; Hollenberg, NK; Laffel, LM; Lansang, MC; Perkins, B; Price, DA; Williams, GH, 2003)	0.32
" Dose-response data were curve-fitted, and the extraction of angiotensin II by the left kidney was calculated by comparing the doses of angiotensin II required to elicit equal increases in right renal vascular resistance during intravenous versus left intrarenal artery infusions."	( Renal extraction of angiotensin II. Herzer, WA; Jackson, EK, 2003)	0.32
" Matched doses of the NPP preparations produced dose-response curves very similar to those elicited by beta-FXIIa with respect to increments of SBP, DBP, and HR, whereas plasma catecholamine increments were generally comparable."	( Are cardiovascular and sympathoadrenal effects of human "new pressor protein" preparations attributable to human coagulation beta-FXIIa? Amfilochiadis, AA; Boomsma, F; Diamandis, EP; Osmond, DH; Papageorgiou, PC; Pourdjabbar, A, 2004)	0.32
"New methods of manufacture have enabled the creation of novel dosage forms with unique rapid-dispersion properties."	( Evaluation of critical formulation factors in the development of a rapidly dispersing captopril oral dosage form. Chetty, D; Delfino, JJ; Kang, A; Lee, KJ; Monkhouse, DC; West, TG; Yoo, J, 2003)	0.54
" The aim of the study was to investigate dosing of ACE inhibitors in patients discharged from the hospital after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and, furthermore, to compare these doses with the doses actually reached in clinical trials."	( The problem of underdosing of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors is markedly overrated: results from a study of patients discharged from hospital after an acute myocardial infarction. Kvan, E; Reikvam, A, 2004)	0.32
" Outcome variables, including deaths and drug utilization with dosing after 6 months, were collected."	( The problem of underdosing of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors is markedly overrated: results from a study of patients discharged from hospital after an acute myocardial infarction. Kvan, E; Reikvam, A, 2004)	0.32
" Sequential BK dose-response curves were made before, 10 minutes after captopril, and within 10 minutes of infusion of vehicle or A-779."	( Angiotensin-(1-7) antagonist A-779 attenuates the potentiation of bradykinin by captopril in rats. Campagnole-Santos, MJ; de Carvalho, MH; Fernandes, L; Maia, LG; Ramos, MC; Souza dos Santos, RA, 2004)	0.78
" The obtained three dissolution profiles from one dosage form are the whole formulation profile or "global profile" recommended by pharmacopoeias, and, at same time, are recorded two "individual" profiles from two drugs present in the formulation."	( Automated simultaneous triple dissolution profiles of two drugs, sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim and hydrochlorothiazide-captopril in solid oral dosage forms by a multicommutation flow-assembly and derivative spectrophotometry. Catalá Icardo, M; Martínez Calatayud, J; Tomsů, D, 2004)	0.53
"A total of 61 renal units in 32 patients with hypertension were studied in two groups based on the losartan dosage (50 mg in group A and 100 mg in group B)."	( Losartan renography for the detection of renal artery stenosis: comparison with captopril renography and evaluation of dose and timing. Altun, B; Caner, B; Cil, B; Ergün, EL; Günay, EC; Hekimoğlu, B; Oztürk, MH; Salanci, BV; Uğur, O, 2005)	0.56
"A simple and sensitive spectrophotometeric method has been developed for the determination of captopril in its dosage form."	( Spectrophotometric determination of captopril with DTNB reagent in pharmaceutical formulation. Amini, M; Ebrahimi, P; Hassani, N; Hosseinimehr, SJ; Mirzabeigi, P, )	0.63
" The proposed methods were successfully applied to the determination of captopril in dosage forms."	( Validation of simultaneous volumetric and spectrophotometric methods for the determination of captopril in pharmaceutical formulations. Hoda, N; Rahman, N; Singh, M, )	0.58
" In case of nondippers, the dosage of captopril or placebo was doubled after two weeks of treatment, while for dippers antihypertensive regimens were not changed."	( Captopril administered at night restores the diurnal blood pressure rhythm in adequately controlled, nondipping hypertensives. Chen, JZ; Hu, SJ; Qiu, YG; Tao, QM; Yao, XY; Zhang, FR; Zhao, LL; Zheng, LR; Zheng, P; Zhu, JH, 2005)	2.04
" Using propranolol as a model compound the effect of formulation and dosing variables was explored as a means to characterize the limiting parameters of this model."	( A rabbit model for sublingual drug delivery: comparison with human pharmacokinetic studies of propranolol, verapamil and captopril. Dali, MM; Heran, CL; Mathias, NR; Moench, PA; Smith, RL; Stetsko, PI, 2006)	0.54
" Further experimental and clinical evaluations are necessary to assess the direct cardioprotective effect of zofenopril, modifying the length of treatment and the dosage of the drug."	( The role of zofenopril in myocardial protection during cardioplegia arrest: an isolated rat heart model. Bruno, VD; Cattaneo, P; Ferrarese, S; Leva, C; Mariscalco, G; Orrù, A; Sala, A, )	0.13
" There was a drug dose-response effect of captopril in increasing the PCE/PCE+NCE ratio in bone marrow cells."	( Captopril protects mice bone marrow cells against genotoxicity induced by gamma irradiation. Akhlagpour, S; Hosseinimehr, SJ; Mahmoudzadeh, A, )	1.84
"The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate new collagen gastroretentive dosage forms (GRDFs) which expand in the stomach after contact with gastric fluids."	( Development and in vitro evaluation of expandable gastroretentive dosage forms based on compressed collagen sponges. Cloer, C; Gröning, R; Müller, RS, 2006)	0.33
"5 mg; n=22), captopril (50 mg twice daily; n=22) or a capsule containing each of the 4 above at one-quarter dosage (n=22) in a parallel group design for 4 weeks."	( Low-dose quadruple antihypertensive combination: more efficacious than individual agents--a preliminary report. Feely, J; Mahmud, A, 2007)	0.71
" In addition, combination therapy provided sustained and consistent BP control over the entire 24 hour dosing interval."	( Fixed combination of zofenopril plus hydrochlorothiazide in the management of hypertension: a review of available data. Borghi, C; Cicero, AF, 2006)	0.33
" This degree of inconsistency raises issues about optimal captopril dosing and potential toxicity, such that its use may influence paediatric cardiac surgical and interventional outcomes."	( Variations in captopril formulations used to treat children with heart failure: a survey in the United kingdom. Bu'Lock, F; Mulla, H; Pandya, HC; Samani, N; Tofeig, M, 2007)	0.94
"The aim of the present study was to design a proniosomal drug delivery system of captopril to overcome the limitations of conventional dosage form and to optimize encapsulation parameters to achieve a delivery system suitable for in vitro investigations."	( Proniosomal powder of captopril: formulation and evaluation. Balamurugan, M; Gupta, A; Prajapati, SK; Singh, M, )	0.67
" Mesenteric artery dose-response curves to acetylcholine were shifted to the right in FFR (p<0."	( Vascular Angiotensin type 1 receptor expression is associated with vascular dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation in fructose-fed rats. Abedi, K; Eslami, P; Nyby, MD; Smutko, V; Tuck, ML, 2007)	0.34
" Dose-response of Ang-I induced a similar contraction of MRA from NT and HT mice, which was increased after endothelium removal."	( Role of ACE/AT2R complex in the control of mesenteric resistance artery contraction induced by ACE/AT1R complex activation in response to Ang I. Boulares, H; Matrougui, K; Palen, DI; Su, J, 2008)	0.35
" Dosing 3 mg/kg/d cediranib for 4 days induced a marked hypertension of 35 to 50 mmHg."	( Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-a signaling induces hypertension: examining the effect of cediranib (recentin; AZD2171) treatment on blood pressure in rat and the use of concomitant antihypertensive therapy. Curwen, JO; Kendrew, J; Musgrove, HL; Ogilvie, DJ; Richmond, GH; Wedge, SR, 2008)	0.35
"Various methods are available to formulate water soluble drugs into sustained release dosage forms by retarding the dissolution rate."	( Effect of various surfactants and their concentration on controlled release of captopril from polymeric matrices. Hassan-Zadeh, D; Monajjem-Zadeh, F; Nokhodchi, A; Taghi-Zadeh, N, 2008)	0.57
" Non-responders after a 6-week treatment period had the dosage doubled for both study drugs until the end of study (week 12)."	( Antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of once daily losartan potassium compared with captopril in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Bradstreet, DC; Goldberg, AI; Halasz, S; Lim, NY; Madonna, O; Makris, L; Mallion, JM; Sweet, CS, 1995)	0.51
" Positive GAS-6 staining was detectable only in those mice receiving some form of chronic dosing with captopril, whether they were treated with captopril only or with captopril and L-NAME."	( Chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition up-regulates mouse kidney growth arrest specific-6 protein and the AXL subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases. Chua, WC; Eng, PC; Hambly, B; McLachlan, CS; Suk Peng Chew, V; Wong, PT; Yin, JL, 2008)	0.56
"Hemodynamic changes during CABG were observed to be directly proportional to the dosage of ACEIs prescribed preoperatively."	( The effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on hemodynamic instability in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass: results of a dose-comparison study. Azadani, AN; Azadani, PN; Frootaghe, AN; Froughi, M; Jafarimehr, E; Pourhoseingholi, MA; Shahzamani, M; Tofighi, F; Yousefi, Z, 2009)	0.35
" The proposed method has been applied to the determination of captopril in bulk and dosage forms."	( A sensitive kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of captopril in bulk and dosage forms. Anwar, N; Hoda, N; Kashif, M; Rahman, N, 2006)	0.81
"Three simple, accurate and sensitive methods (A-C) for the spectrophotometric assay of captopril (CPL) in bulk drug, in dosage forms and in the presence of its oxidative degradates have been described."	( Utilization of oxidation reactions for the spectrophotometric determination of captopril using brominating agents. El-Didamony, AM; Erfan, EA, 2010)	0.81
"Each subject was randomly assigned to one of six dosing sequences, and dosed with 25 mg captopril on each of three dosing visits separated by a washout of at least 14 days."	( Assessment of liquid captopril formulations used in children. Hussain, N; Lawson, G; Manktelow, BN; Mulla, H; Pandya, HC; Samani, NJ; Tanna, S; Tuleu, C, 2011)	0.91
" Captopril was given at the dosage regimen of 12."	( Olive (Olea europaea) leaf extract effective in patients with stage-1 hypertension: comparison with Captopril. Agus, N; Effendi, I; Nofiarny, D; Perrinjaquet-Moccetti, T; Susalit, E; Tjandrawinata, RR; Verbruggen, M, 2011)	1.5
" We proposed a systematic classification scheme using FDA-approved drug labeling to assess the DILI potential of drugs, which yielded a benchmark dataset with 287 drugs representing a wide range of therapeutic categories and daily dosage amounts."	( FDA-approved drug labeling for the study of drug-induced liver injury. Chen, M; Fang, H; Liu, Z; Shi, Q; Tong, W; Vijay, V, 2011)	0.37
" Ex-vivo incubation of femoral arteries from control rats with insulin induced dose-response vasorelaxation while insulin failed to induce vasorelaxation in the DH rat arteries."	( Protein kinase C inhibition ameliorates functional endothelial insulin resistance and vascular smooth muscle cell hypersensitivity to insulin in diabetic hypertensive rats. Bean, JS; Kassab, GS; Lu, X; Rekhter, MD, 2011)	0.37
" The change in the dose-response curve, the increased proportion of controlled patients, and improved efficacy on nighttime BP values by bedtime administration of zofenopril should be taken into account when prescribing this ACEI for treatment of essential hypertension."	( Comparing different treatment schedules of Zomen (zofenopril). Angelescu, G; Bălan, H; Popescu, E, 2011)	0.37
" The dosage was increased to 0·5 mg kg(-1) 8-hourly 1 week later, if a noticeable involution had not already occurred."	( Treatment of infantile haemangioma with captopril. Day, DJ; Itinteang, T; Leadbitter, P; Mathy, JA; O'Donnell, C; Tan, ST, 2012)	0.65
" The IHs in all patients responded to captopril at a dosage of 1·5 mg kg(-1) daily which led to a dramatic response in three, moderate response in two, and slow response in three patients."	( Treatment of infantile haemangioma with captopril. Day, DJ; Itinteang, T; Leadbitter, P; Mathy, JA; O'Donnell, C; Tan, ST, 2012)	0.92
"Two reversed phase liquid chromatographic (RP-LC) techniques are presented for the rapid, accurate, precise, simultaneous determination of olmesartan-hydrochlorothiazide and zofenopril-hydrochlorothiazide binary mixtures in their dosage forms."	( Simultaneous estimation and validation of some binary mixtures of antihypertensive drugs by RP-LC methods using two new generation silica columns. Gumustas, M; Kurbanoglu, S; Ozkan, SA, 2013)	0.39
"Administration of medications to pediatric patients is challenging because many drugs are not commercially available in appropriate dosage formulations and/or strengths."	( Stability of an alternative extemporaneous captopril fast-dispersing tablet formulation versus an extemporaneous oral liquid formulation. Barlow, J; McDermott, C; Pabari, RM; Ramtoola, Z, 2012)	0.64
" Patients who are unable to take tablets have led compounding pharmacies to seek alternative dosage forms including solutions and suspensions."	( Stability of captopril in SyrSpend SF. Geiger, CM; Sorenson, B; Whaley, PA, )	0.5
" Community and Hospital Pharmacists are often challenged to provide an oral liquid extemporaneous formulation for pediatric patients, because there are no appropriate dosage drugs to the specific needs of the child."	( Physicochemical stability of captopril and enalapril extemporaneous formulations for pediatric patients. Álvarez, J; Casas, M; Lucero, MJ, 2015)	0.71
"In this work, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) method was used to evaluate the uniformity of dosage units of three captopril 25 mg tablets commercial batches."	( The critical role of NIR spectroscopy and statistical process control (SPC) strategy towards captopril tablets (25 mg) manufacturing process understanding: a case study. Barbosa, SF; Bou-Chacra, NA; Curtivo, CP; Funghi, NB; Löbenberg, R; Tavares, GD, 2015)	0.85
" Effects of PIs on antinociception were evaluated by dose-response study (ME, 1-20 nmol; PIs, 1-20 nmol each), by comparison of differences among two combinations of PIs (amastatin and captopril; captopril and phosphoramidon; amastatin and phosphoramidon) and three PIs (amastatin, captopril, and phosphoramidon), and by using opioid receptor selective antagonists."	( Potentiation of [Met5]enkephalin-induced antinociception by mixture of three peptidase inhibitors in rat. Kawaguchi, M; Kobayashi, H; Murata, T; Suzuki, T; Takahashi, S; Watanabe, M; Yoshikawa, M, 2014)	0.59
" The effects of the PIs on antinociception and toxicity were evaluated by a dose-response study and a comparison of differences among various combinations of Dyn A (1-17) or Dyn A (1-13) and the three PIs and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate."	( Effect of three peptidase inhibitors on antinociceptive potential and toxicity with intracerebroventricular administration of dynorphin A (1-17) or (1-13) in the rat. Ajimi, J; Kawaguchi, M; Kobayashi, H; Miura, M; Suzuki, T; Takahashi, S; Tsukamoto, H; Yoshikawa, M, 2015)	0.42
"Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: sham group, model group (LAD coronary artery ligation), QSYQ group with high dosage, middle dosage and low dosage (LAD ligation and treated with QSYQ), and captopril group (LAD ligation and treated with captopril as the positive drug)."	( Qishenyiqi protects ligation-induced left ventricular remodeling by attenuating inflammation and fibrosis via STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathway. Chai, X; Han, J; Li, C; Qiu, Q; Shi, T; Wang, W; Wang, Y; Wu, Y, 2014)	0.59
" Both drugs equally reduced SBP in the last 6 h of the dosing interval and homogeneously reduced SBP throughout the 24 h."	( Zofenopril or irbesartan plus hydrochlorothiazide in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension untreated or uncontrolled by previous treatment: a double-blind, randomized study. Arca, M; Berra, S; Bucci, M; Calabrò, P; Fulgheri, PL; Ghione, S; Modesti, PA; Omboni, S; Pirvu, O; Popescu, E; Portaluppi, F; Pozzilli, P; Taddei, S; Velican, VG; Villani, GQ; Vladoianu, M; Volpe, M, 2016)	0.43
" Conclusions and relevance Alacepril 2-3 mg/kg q24h may be an appropriate dosage for clinical use in cats."	( Pharmacodynamics of alacepril in healthy cats. Aoki, T; Fujii, Y; Orito, K; Shiga, T; Sugimoto, K; Sunahara, H; Takubo, I, 2017)	0.46
" Compared with standard clinical practice or with a more prolonged protocol, rapid ACEI dose uptitration achieves a higher dosage in this population with no evident disadvantages."	( Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Initiation and Dose Uptitration in Children With Cardiovascular Disease: A Retrospective Review of Standard Clinical Practice and a Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial. Balasingam, M; George, K; Kantor, PF; Manlhiot, C; McCrindle, BW; Roche, SL; Timberlake, K; Wilson, J, 2016)	0.43
"Zofenopril (10 mg/kg PO) was administered for 1, 8, and 24 hours to establish optimal dosing in mice."	( Zofenopril Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Increasing Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Sulfide Bioavailability. Ali, MJ; Bradley, JM; Cirino, G; Donnarumma, E; Evangelista, S; Goodchild, TT; Islam, KN; Jenkins, JS; Lefer, DJ; Organ, CL; Patel, RA; Polhemus, DJ; Rushing, AM; Scarborough, AL, 2016)	0.43
" Isolated primary adipocytes were incubated with different RAS blockers (aliskiren, captopril and losartan) in vitro for 24 h and lipolysis, lipogenesis and glucose oxidation capacities were determined in dose-response assays to a β-adrenergic agonist and to insulin."	( Renin-angiotensin system blockers regulate the metabolism of isolated fat cells in vitro. Andreotti, S; Caminhotto, Rde O; Campaãa, AB; Lima, FB; Sertié, RA, 2016)	0.66
" The proposed methods have been successfully applied in captopril determination in spiked human serum and pharmaceutical dosage forms with acceptable recovery values."	( Electrochemically reduced graphene and iridium oxide nanoparticles for inhibition-based angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor detection. Kurbanoglu, S; Merkoçi, A; Ozkan, SA; Rivas, L, 2017)	0.7
"A fast and selective capillary electrophoresis method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of the antihypertensive drugs captopril and hydrochlorothiazide and their related impurities in a combined dosage form."	( Cyclodextrin- and solvent-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the determination of captopril, hydrochlorothiazide and their impurities: A Quality by Design approach. Brusotti, G; Caprini, C; Del Bubba, M; Furlanetto, S; Innocenti, M; Orlandini, S; Pasquini, B, 2016)	0.85
" By combining the advantages of thermally stable pharmaceutically approved polymers and fillers, this unique approach provides a low cost production method for on demand manufacturing of individualised dosage forms."	( Adaptation of pharmaceutical excipients to FDM 3D printing for the fabrication of patient-tailored immediate release tablets. Ahmed, W; Alhnan, MA; Arafat, B; Isreb, A; Kelarakis, A; Sadia, M; Sośnicka, A, 2016)	0.43
"Mini-tablets are a new tendency in solid dosage form design for overcoming therapeutic obstacles such as impaired swallowing and polypharmacy therapy."	( Carnauba wax as a promising excipient in melt granulation targeting the preparation of mini-tablets for sustained release of highly soluble drugs. Beringhs, AO; de Espíndola, B; França, MT; Nart, V; Pezzini, BR; Stulzer, HK, 2017)	0.46
"The contemporary work describes a rapid and cost effective reversed phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the quantification of Captopril, Lisinopril and Dexibuprofen (DXP) simultaneously in dosage formulations, active pharmaceutical ingredients and human serum."	( Simultaneous determination of ACE inhibitors and dexibuprofen in active pharmaceutical ingredient, formulations and human serum by RP-HPLC. Naveed, S; Qamar, F; Sana, A; Shakeel, S, 2017)	0.65
" The potential inhibitory rosmarinic acid effect on angiotensin-converting enzyme activity was compared with captopril actions by analyzing in vivo blood pressure dose-response curves to angiotensin I and bradykinin."	( Effect of rosmarinic acid on the arterial blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive rats: Role of ACE. Albuquerque, AA; Capellini, VK; Carvalho, MTM; Celotto, AC; Evora, PRB; Ferreira, LG; Gomes, RADS; Parolini, MT, 2018)	0.69
"(1) rosmarinic acid caused systolic blood pressure dose-dependent decrease in hypertensive rats; (2) The angiotensin I dose-response curves demonstrated that rosmarinic acid promotes minor changes in systolic blood pressure only in the hypertensive group; (3) The bradykinin dose-response curves showed that both rosmarinic acid and captopril promoted a systolic blood pressure reduction, but only the captopril effect was significant; (4) The angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in rat lung tissue was inhibited by the rosmarinic acid in a dose dependent manner; (5) The analysis of nitrite/nítrate plasma concentrations showed no significant difference among the experimental groups."	( Effect of rosmarinic acid on the arterial blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive rats: Role of ACE. Albuquerque, AA; Capellini, VK; Carvalho, MTM; Celotto, AC; Evora, PRB; Ferreira, LG; Gomes, RADS; Parolini, MT, 2018)	0.65
" After a four-week washout period, another dosage was administrated as a crossover study."	( Effects of high-dose alacepril on left atrial pressure and central aortic pressure in awake dogs with mitral valve regurgitation. Goya, S; Hirao, D; Shimada, K; Tanaka, R; Wada, T, 2019)	0.51
" Further studies with different disease severities and dosing strategies are required."	( Effects of intratracheal captopril on severely meconium-injured piglet lungs. Chen, Y; Jeng, MJ; Lin, CH, 2019)	0.82
"Using patient-derived glioblastoma stem cell (GSC) cultures from 15 GBM patients, we described stem cell properties of individual cultures, determined the dose-response relationships of the drugs in the CUSP9, and assessed the efficacy the CUSP9 combination with TMZ in concentrations clinically achievable."	( The efficacy of a coordinated pharmacological blockade in glioblastoma stem cells with nine repurposed drugs using the CUSP9 strategy. Grieg, Z; Langmoen, IA; Sandberg, CJ; Skaga, E; Skaga, IØ; Vik-Mo, EO, 2019)	0.51
" Quantification of lectin perfused blood vessels showed improved vascular density in the infarct border zone in captopril treated mice in comparison to vehicle dosed control mice."	( Effect of captopril on post-infarction remodelling visualized by light sheet microscopy and echocardiography. Christie, RM; Hansen, HH; Hecksher-Sørensen, J; Jelsing, J; MacKrell, JG; Pedersen, PJ; Rolin, B; Roostalu, U; Salinas, CG; Skytte, JL; Thisted, L; Vrang, N; Zois, NE, 2021)	1.23
" The oral managed release dosage forms have enormous curative benefits such as improved therapeutics and better patient compliance."	( The Role of Polymers and Excipients for Better Gastric Retention of Captopril. Das, U; Kalidindi, DV; Nagpal, K; Singh, PK; Wadhwa, P, 2022)	0.96

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Role	Description
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor	An EC 3.4.15.* (peptidyl-dipeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of peptidyl-dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1).
antihypertensive agent	Any drug used in the treatment of acute or chronic vascular hypertension regardless of pharmacological mechanism.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid
N-acylpyrrolidine
alkanethiol	An alkanethiol is a compound in which a sulfanyl group, -SH, is attached to an alkyl group.
L-proline derivative	A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-proline at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-proline by a heteroatom.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
Captopril Action Pathway	3	3

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, HADH2 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	0.0251	20.2376	39.8107	AID886
Chain B, HADH2 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	0.0251	20.2376	39.8107	AID886
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	11.2202	0.1778	14.3909	39.8107	AID2147
15-lipoxygenase, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	25.1189	0.0126	10.6917	88.5700	AID887
phosphopantetheinyl transferase	Bacillus subtilis	Potency	44.8455	0.1413	37.9142	100.0000	AID1490
Microtubule-associated protein tau	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	22.6020	0.1800	13.5574	39.8107	AID1460; AID1468
Thrombopoietin	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	12.5893	0.0251	7.3048	31.6228	AID917; AID918
AR protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	9.4392	0.0002	21.2231	8,912.5098	AID1259243
thioredoxin glutathione reductase	Schistosoma mansoni	Potency	11.2202	0.1000	22.9075	100.0000	AID485364
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	24.5454	0.0123	7.9835	43.2770	AID1645841
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	17.3699	0.0355	20.9770	89.1251	AID504332
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	84.9214	23.9341	23.9341	23.9341	AID1967
chromobox protein homolog 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	79.4328	0.0060	26.1688	89.1251	AID540317
M-phase phosphoprotein 8	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.0000	0.1778	24.7352	79.4328	AID488949
transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	5.0119	0.0912	0.0912	0.0912	AID488979
lamin isoform A-delta10	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	12.5893	0.8913	12.0676	28.1838	AID1487
TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	28.1838	1.7783	16.2081	35.4813	AID652104
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase	Trypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927	Potency	30.1313	0.0601	10.7453	37.9330	AID485367
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, angiotensin converting enzyme	Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)	Ki	0.0011	0.0011	0.0011	0.0011	AID977610
Chain A, angiotensin converting enzyme	Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)	Ki	0.0011	0.0011	0.0011	0.0011	AID977610
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	133.0000	0.6315	4.4531	9.3000	AID1473740
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	133.0000	0.2000	5.6774	10.0000	AID1473741
Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	133.0000	0.1100	7.1903	10.0000	AID1473738
Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0480	0.0000	0.7846	9.0000	AID211913
Renin	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0017	0.0000	1.8078	7.4000	AID198995
Neprilysin	Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)	Ki	3.0005	0.0019	0.0030	0.0040	AID147226; AID1798102
Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	830.0000	0.0002	0.5422	6.7000	AID254702
Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	8.8000	0.0005	1.2854	7.6500	AID1322069; AID362195
Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	3.7000	0.0030	1.3410	3.7000	AID1322070
EEF1AKMT4-ECE2 readthrough transcript protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	100.0000	0.0012	0.0981	0.1950	AID1799789
Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	9.3070	0.0001	0.5336	10.0000	AID1127284; AID1228660; AID1350116; AID1393305; AID1895844; AID254756; AID338980; AID340316; AID362193; AID38849; AID38850; AID38852; AID38853; AID38860; AID39018; AID39750; AID39752; AID39754; AID39755; AID39758; AID39767; AID433785; AID775844
Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0020	0.0000	0.8255	7.5000	AID1053270
Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0173	0.0000	1.6129	10.0000	AID37647; AID37652; AID37656; AID37657; AID37659; AID37660; AID37667; AID37668; AID37669; AID37928
Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)	Ki	0.0017	0.0004	2.0337	8.6606	AID37801
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	17.0000	0.0030	1.3770	4.0000	AID1053273
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	12.0000	0.0005	0.4186	1.5000	AID1053267
Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	5.2505	0.0020	0.0030	0.0040	AID1798102; AID67205
Succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase	Haemophilus influenzae Rd KW20	IC50 (µMol)	3.3000	3.3000	3.3000	3.3000	AID467024
Succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase	Haemophilus influenzae Rd KW20	Ki	1.8200	1.8200	1.8200	1.8200	AID467025
Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.1004	0.0009	0.3322	3.0300	AID1500970; AID37962; AID37963; AID38088; AID38089; AID38090; AID38091; AID38092
Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	2.7510	0.0001	1.9642	7.3000	AID1798102; AID38253
Beta-lactamase TEM	Escherichia coli	Ki	300.0000	0.0270	1.8234	7.3000	AID1576703
Beta-lactamase	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	IC50 (µMol)	5.0000	5.0000	5.0000	5.0000	AID682758
Beta-lactamase	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Ki	2.4000	0.1800	0.9200	2.4000	AID682758
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	133.0000	2.4100	6.3433	10.0000	AID1473739
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0110	0.0004	2.2079	10.0000	AID39752; AID39758
Beta-lactamase class B VIM-2	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	IC50 (µMol)	3.5000	1.6600	4.3867	8.0000	AID1254039
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	7.0300	0.0600	3.7356	8.4700	AID1322073; AID1322074; AID1322075
Mu-type opioid receptor	Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)	EC50 (µMol)	1,422.6600	0.0000	0.0493	0.9320	AID270070
Beta-lactamase class B VIM-2	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Kd	0.6000	0.6000	0.6000	0.6000	AID1254036
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)	Inhibition	0.0027	0.0027	0.0027	0.0027	AID37789
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
xenobiotic metabolic process	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transport	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transport	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronoside transport	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transport	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transport	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrier	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin secretion	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
cilium assembly	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet degranulation	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
urate transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
export across plasma membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrier	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transport	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid biosynthetic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stress	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid metabolic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
response to organic cyclic compound	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
protein ubiquitination	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid signaling pathway	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasis	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estrogen	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ethanol	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cell	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid homeostasis	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipid homeostasis	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bile acid secretion	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of bile acid metabolic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
acute-phase response	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
blood coagulation	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell shape	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
response to wounding	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of platelet activation	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet activation	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood coagulation	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of blood coagulation	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell growth	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of insulin secretion	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
fibrinolysis	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysis	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of astrocyte differentiation	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
cytolysis by host of symbiont cells	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of fibrinolysis	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
neutrophil-mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of lipid kinase activity	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated ion channel signaling pathway	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
kidney development	Renin	Homo sapiens (human)
mesonephros development	Renin	Homo sapiens (human)
angiotensin maturation	Renin	Homo sapiens (human)
renin-angiotensin regulation of aldosterone production	Renin	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis	Renin	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood pressure	Renin	Homo sapiens (human)
male gonad development	Renin	Homo sapiens (human)
hormone-mediated signaling pathway	Renin	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Renin	Homo sapiens (human)
response to immobilization stress	Renin	Homo sapiens (human)
drinking behavior	Renin	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of MAPK cascade	Renin	Homo sapiens (human)
cell maturation	Renin	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta metabolic process	Renin	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cAMP	Renin	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cGMP	Renin	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	Renin	Homo sapiens (human)
juxtaglomerular apparatus development	Renin	Homo sapiens (human)
kidney development	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
placenta development	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide metabolic process	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
learning or memory	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
substance P catabolic process	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
bradykinin catabolic process	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of pain	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
protein catabolic process	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
lung development	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
hormone catabolic process	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estrogen	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
creatinine metabolic process	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta metabolic process	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neurogenesis	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide processing	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cytokine stimulus	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-A	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-B	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
replicative senescence	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta clearance	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta clearance by cellular catabolic process	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
protein processing	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid metabolic process	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to zinc ion	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene biosynthetic process	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein metabolic process	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide catabolic process	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to peptide hormone	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens (human)
type I pneumocyte differentiation	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens (human)
brain development	EEF1AKMT4-ECE2 readthrough transcript protein	Homo sapiens (human)
heart development	EEF1AKMT4-ECE2 readthrough transcript protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cardioblast differentiation	EEF1AKMT4-ECE2 readthrough transcript protein	Homo sapiens (human)
methylation	EEF1AKMT4-ECE2 readthrough transcript protein	Homo sapiens (human)
protein processing	EEF1AKMT4-ECE2 readthrough transcript protein	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxia	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
kidney development	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
blood vessel remodeling	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
angiotensin maturation	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of renal output by angiotensin	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
neutrophil mediated immunity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
spermatogenesis	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
female pregnancy	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood pressure	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
male gonad development	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
substance P catabolic process	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
bradykinin catabolic process	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of smooth muscle cell migration	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of vasoconstriction	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
animal organ regeneration	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
response to nutrient levels	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
mononuclear cell proliferation	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
response to laminar fluid shear stress	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
angiotensin-activated signaling pathway	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
vasoconstriction	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
hormone metabolic process	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
hormone catabolic process	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
eating behavior	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic process	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide catabolic process	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstriction	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose import	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic plasticity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
lung alveolus development	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta metabolic process	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid secretion	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neurogenesis	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
heart contraction	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of angiotensin metabolic process	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic stem cell differentiation	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
angiogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesis	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose stimulus	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
response to dexamethasone	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
cell proliferation in bone marrow	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of calcium ion import	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
response to thyroid hormone	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
blood vessel diameter maintenance	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gap junction assembly	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to aldosterone	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial genome maintenance	Thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens (human)
angiogenesis	Thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens (human)
pyrimidine nucleobase metabolic process	Thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens (human)
pyrimidine nucleoside metabolic process	Thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens (human)
chemotaxis	Thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens (human)
cell differentiation	Thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of myelination	Thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens (human)
dTMP catabolic process	Thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transmission of nerve impulse	Thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of gastric motility	Thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin biosynthetic process	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stress	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood pressure	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclooxygenase pathway	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell population proliferation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular oxidant detoxification	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin biosynthetic process	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
angiogenesis	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stress	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
embryo implantation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
learning	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
memory	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood pressure	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to nematode	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to fructose	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to manganese ion	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclooxygenase pathway	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
bone mineralization	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fever generation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic plasticity	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin secretion	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estradiol	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to vitamin D	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to heat	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to tumor necrosis factor	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
maintenance of blood-brain barrier	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein import into nucleus	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
hair cycle	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic process	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell cycle	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstriction	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
decidualization	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of inflammatory response	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
brown fat cell differentiation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to glucocorticoid	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of calcium ion transport	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to fatty acid	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to mechanical stimulus	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lead ion	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ATP	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxia	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to non-ionic osmotic stress	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to fluid shear stress	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor production	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor production	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular oxidant detoxification	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of neuroinflammatory response	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to homocysteine	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to angiotensin	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of receptor recycling	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by endothelin	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
heart development	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
substance P catabolic process	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
bradykinin catabolic process	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
calcitonin catabolic process	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein processing	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide hormone processing	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of vasoconstriction	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endothelin maturation	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic heart tube development	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
hormone catabolic process	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic digit morphogenesis	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ear development	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
pharyngeal system development	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
axonogenesis involved in innervation	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
sympathetic neuron axon guidance	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in axon guidance	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein phosphorylation	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA processing	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA splicing	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein stability	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of insulin secretion	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
response to endoplasmic reticulum stress	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein import into nucleus	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of circadian rhythm	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic process	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation by host of viral transcription	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
rhythmic process	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
3'-UTR-mediated mRNA destabilization	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilization	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear inner membrane organization	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid fibril formation	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of gene expression	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transport	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transport	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
bilirubin transport	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
heme catabolic process	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cell	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
transepithelial transport	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transport	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transport	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrier	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrier	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of signaling receptor activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cell	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cytokine production	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
angiotensin maturation	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
angiotensin-mediated drinking behavior	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
tryptophan transport	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
viral life cycle	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor-mediated endocytosis of virus by host cell	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of vasoconstriction	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transmembrane transporter activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell population proliferation	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cell	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of inflammatory response	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of amino acid transport	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
maternal process involved in female pregnancy	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane fusion	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
blood vessel diameter maintenance	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
entry receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gap junction assembly	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cardiac conduction	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of L-proline import across plasma membrane	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
ATP binding	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronoside transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid transmembrane transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activity	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
urate transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
purine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
efflux transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activity	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid transmembrane transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transmembrane transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
lipopolysaccharide binding	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type endopeptidase activity	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor binding	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion binding	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
growth factor activity	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
heparin binding	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
thrombospondin receptor activity	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
aspartic-type endopeptidase activity	Renin	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor binding	Renin	Homo sapiens (human)
insulin-like growth factor receptor binding	Renin	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Renin	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidase activity	Renin	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylserine binding	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
endopeptidase activity	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
metalloendopeptidase activity	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
exopeptidase activity	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide binding	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
oligopeptidase activity	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiolipin binding	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA binding	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens (human)
aminopeptidase activity	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens (human)
epoxide hydrolase activity	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene-A4 hydrolase activity	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidase activity	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens (human)
tripeptide aminopeptidase activity	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens (human)
metalloaminopeptidase activity	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens (human)
methyltransferase activity	EEF1AKMT4-ECE2 readthrough transcript protein	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	EEF1AKMT4-ECE2 readthrough transcript protein	Homo sapiens (human)
metalloendopeptidase activity	EEF1AKMT4-ECE2 readthrough transcript protein	Homo sapiens (human)
endopeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
carboxypeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
metalloendopeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
calmodulin binding	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
metallopeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
exopeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
tripeptidyl-peptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-dipeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride ion binding	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
bradykinin receptor binding	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
mitogen-activated protein kinase binding	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
metallodipeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
heterocyclic compound binding	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
1,4-alpha-oligoglucan phosphorylase activity	Thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens (human)
growth factor activity	Thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens (human)
thymidine phosphorylase activity	Thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens (human)
peroxidase activity	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
heme binding	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
peroxidase activity	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
heme binding	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endopeptidase activity	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
metalloendopeptidase activity	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide hormone binding	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
double-stranded DNA binding	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA binding	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR binding	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid binding	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
pre-mRNA intronic binding	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
molecular condensate scaffold activity	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
bilirubin transmembrane transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activity	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
virus receptor activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endopeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
carboxypeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
metallocarboxypeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
metallopeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-dipeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
plasma membrane	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membrane	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolus	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet dense granule membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of apical plasma membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculus	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular canaliculus	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen-containing extracellular matrix	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumen	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi lumen	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
blood microparticle	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen-containing extracellular matrix	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Prothrombin	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Renin	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Renin	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Renin	Homo sapiens (human)
apical part of cell	Renin	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Renin	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
trans-Golgi network	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
brush border	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesion	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membrane	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection terminus	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raft	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
presynapse	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Neprilysin	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens (human)
tertiary granule lumen	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens (human)
ficolin-1-rich granule lumen	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membrane	EEF1AKMT4-ECE2 readthrough transcript protein	Homo sapiens (human)
transport vesicle membrane	EEF1AKMT4-ECE2 readthrough transcript protein	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	EEF1AKMT4-ECE2 readthrough transcript protein	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
lysosome	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membrane	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
brush border membrane	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
sperm midpiece	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Thymidine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens (human)
photoreceptor outer segment	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear inner membrane	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear outer membrane	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumen	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
caveola	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Homo sapiens (human)
lysosomal membrane	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome membrane	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
vesicle	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
Weibel-Palade body	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Endothelin-converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
perichromatin fibrils	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granule	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear speck	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
interchromatin granule	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	TAR DNA-binding protein 43	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculus	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumen	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cilium	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endocytic vesicle membrane	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
brush border membrane	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raft	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1578186	Cardioprotective activity in Sprague-Dawley rat model of LAD coronary artery ligation-induced ischemia/reperfusion assessed as infarct size of left ventricle size at 20 mg/kg, ig pretreated twice a day for 3 days and measured 24 hrs post-reperfusion by TT	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185	Synthesis and biological evaluation of panaxatriol derivatives against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat.
AID185641	Inhibition of angiotensin I induced blood pressure in normotensive anesthetized rats at 30 ug/kg (i.v.) for 10 min	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 31, Issue:3	Synthesis and biological activity of ketomethylene-containing nonapeptide analogues of snake venom angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
AID471316	Antioxidant activity against APPH-induced DNA damage assessed as inhibition time	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 44, Issue:12	Captopril and 6-mercaptopurine: whose SH possesses higher antioxidant ability?
AID186553	Base line of mean aortic blood pressure in the conscious Renal hypertensive rat was determined after oral administration of 30 mg/kg	1982	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 25, Issue:11	Derivatives of the potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor 5(S)-benzamido-4-oxo-6-phenylhexanoyl-L-proline: effect of changes at positions 2 and 5 of the hexanoic acid portion.
AID182123	Percent inhibition of angiotensin I pressor response 15 min after iv administration in SHR at 0.3 mg/kg	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: N-substituted monocyclic and bicyclic amino acid derivatives.
AID682759	Inhibition of Bacillus anthracis MBL Bla2 using nitrocefin as substrate preincubated for 20 mins by UV-spectrophotometric analysis	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 22, Issue:19	2-Substituted 4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acids are novel inhibitors of metallo-β-lactamases.
AID340316	Inhibition of human ACE	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	Identification of a potent, selective, and orally active leukotriene a4 hydrolase inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity.
AID540209	Volume of distribution at steady state in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID38092	In vitro inhibitory activity against Angiotensin I converting enzyme	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 26, Issue:3	(Mercaptopropanoyl)indoline-2-carboxylic acids and related compounds as potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and antihypertensive agents.
AID1474167	Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring verified drug-induced liver injury concern status	2016	Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4	DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID38266	Compound was evaluated for ACE inhibitory activity in conscious normotensive rats at a dose 0.03 mg/kg given intravenously by determining percent reduction in Angiotensin I converting enzyme response	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 29, Issue:3	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors as antihypertensive agents: 1-[(2-mercaptocycloalkyl)carbonyl]-L-prolines.
AID1676588	Binding affinity to Zinc ion assessed as performance ratio ratio by measuring product of accounting ratio and retention ratio at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID588214	FDA HLAED, liver enzyme composite activity	2004	Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4	Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID61877	Compound was evaluated for antihypertensive activity in conscious renal hypertensive dogs at a 30 mg/kg dose given orally	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 29, Issue:3	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors as antihypertensive agents: 1-[(2-mercaptocycloalkyl)carbonyl]-L-prolines.
AID695851	Resistance index, ratio of IC50 for human KB-3-1 cells to IC50 for drug-resistant human KBV1 cells expressing P-gp	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Collateral sensitivity of multidrug-resistant cells to the orphan drug tiopronin.
AID467028	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli at 1 mg by antibiotic plate assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 19, Issue:22	Inhibitors of bacterial N-succinyl-L,L-diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase (DapE) and demonstration of in vitro antimicrobial activity.
AID37636	Compound was evaluated for inhibition of porcine plasma Angiotensin I converting enzyme by using fluorometric assay	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 28, Issue:8	Synthesis and biological activity of pentapeptide analogues of the potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor 5(S)-benzamido-4-oxo-6-phenylhexanoyl-L-proline.
AID702933	Antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rat assessed as reduction in systolic arterial pressure at 40 mg/kg, po measured up to 24 hrs	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 22, Issue:20	Chiral separation, configurational identification and antihypertensive evaluation of (±)-7,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-isochromanone-4.
AID625284	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID185642	Inhibition of angiotensin I induced blood pressure in normotensive anesthetized rats at 30 ug/kg (i.v.) for 30 min	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 31, Issue:3	Synthesis and biological activity of ketomethylene-containing nonapeptide analogues of snake venom angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
AID176425	Oral dose of compound required to produce 50% inhibition of angiotensin I pressor response in rats	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: N-substituted monocyclic and bicyclic amino acid derivatives.
AID749002	Inhibition of NDM-1 (unknown origin) using nitrocefin as substrate preincubated 10 mins followed by substrate addition for 20 mins measured on day 1 by trans-absorbance endpoint assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 21, Issue:11	An altered zinc-binding site confers resistance to a covalent inactivator of New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) discovered by high-throughput screening.
AID1079943	Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID183223	Inhibition of blood pressure increase produced by iv injection of angiotensin I in conscious normotensive rats at a dose of 30 mg/kg	1982	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 25, Issue:11	Derivatives of the potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor 5(S)-benzamido-4-oxo-6-phenylhexanoyl-L-proline: effect of changes at positions 2 and 5 of the hexanoic acid portion.
AID186566	Maximum effect on blood pressure in the conscious Renal hypertensive rat after oral administration of 30 mg/kg	1982	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 25, Issue:11	Derivatives of the potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor 5(S)-benzamido-4-oxo-6-phenylhexanoyl-L-proline: effect of changes at positions 2 and 5 of the hexanoic acid portion.
AID702930	Antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rat assessed as reduction in diastolic arterial pressure at 40 mg/kg, po at 6 hrs	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 22, Issue:20	Chiral separation, configurational identification and antihypertensive evaluation of (±)-7,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-isochromanone-4.
AID186363	Baseline mean aortic blood pressure in conscious renal (1clip/2kidney) hypertensive rats at dose 3.0 mg/kg administered orally.	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 29, Issue:10	Synthesis of novel angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor quinapril and related compounds. A divergence of structure-activity relationships for non-sulfhydryl and sulfhydryl types.
AID1079948	Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID1576702	Inhibition of bacterial N-terminal His-tagged TEV protease site linked KPC-2 (29 to 289 amino acids) expressed in Escherichia coli Transetta (DE3) preincubated for 10 mins followed by FC5 fluorescent substrate addition by fluorescence assay
AID37925	Time during which Angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibition is greater than or equa to 30% in rabbit lung	1990	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 33, Issue:6	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. 10. Aryl sulfonamide substituted N-[1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanyl-L-proline derivatives as novel antihypertensives.
AID775831	Inhibition of HDAC2 (unknown origin)-mediated deacetylation at 10 uM preincubated for 5 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 30 mins by fluorescence assay	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-24, Volume: 56, Issue:20	Investigating the selectivity of metalloenzyme inhibitors.
AID91481	Binding constant against human serum albumin (HSA)	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-06, Volume: 44, Issue:25	Cheminformatic models to predict binding affinities to human serum albumin.
AID1576710	Inhibition of beta lactamase NDM1 in Klebsiella pneumoniae 13249 assessed as potentiation of meropenem-induced antibacterial activity by measuring meropenem MIC at 50 uM after 16 to 20 hrs by broth microdilution assay (Rvb = 64 ug/ml)
AID467029	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli at 5 mg by antibiotic plate assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 19, Issue:22	Inhibitors of bacterial N-succinyl-L,L-diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase (DapE) and demonstration of in vitro antimicrobial activity.
AID1576713	Inhibition of beta lactamase KPC-2 in Klebsiella pneumoniae BAA-1705 assessed as potentiation of meropenem-induced antibacterial activity by measuring meropenem MIC at 50 uM after 16 to 20 hrs by broth microdilution assay (Rvb = 16 ug/ml)
AID39758	Inhibition of guinea pig angiotensin I converting enzyme	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 29, Issue:10	Synthesis of novel angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor quinapril and related compounds. A divergence of structure-activity relationships for non-sulfhydryl and sulfhydryl types.
AID38708	Compound was tested for plasma inhibition of Angiotensin I converting enzyme activity in the conscious rat. Expressed as Inhibition of AI pressor response at 6 hr at a dose of 10 mg/kg po	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-02, Volume: 39, Issue:16	Mercaptoacyl dipeptides as orally active dual inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase.
AID270069	Inhibition of human ACE C domain	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 16, Issue:19	The molecular basis for the selection of captopril cis and trans conformations by angiotensin I converting enzyme.
AID182121	Percent inhibition of angiotensin I pressor response 15 min after iv administration in SHR at 0.03 mg/kg	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: N-substituted monocyclic and bicyclic amino acid derivatives.
AID597695	Competitive inhibition of metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) using penicillin G as substrate by cuvette assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 21, Issue:11	The identification of new metallo-β-lactamase inhibitor leads from fragment-based screening.
AID588971	Substrates of transporters of clinical importance in the absorption and disposition of drugs, PEPT2	2010	Nature reviews. Drug discovery, Mar, Volume: 9, Issue:3	Membrane transporters in drug development.
AID1079934	Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID625287	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID444051	Total clearance in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID588215	FDA HLAED, alkaline phosphatase increase	2004	Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4	Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID1079949	Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
AID38116	Evaluation of plasma inhibition of Angiotensin I converting enzyme activity in conscious rat 2 hours after ia administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-22, Volume: 38, Issue:26	New alpha-thiol dipeptide dual inhibitors of angiotensin-I converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase EC 3.4.24.11.
AID174889	Hypotensive activity in renal hypertensive rats by using tail-cuff method measured as change in BP	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 26, Issue:10	2,3-dihydro-3-(1-pyrryl)spiro[benzofuran-2,4'-piperidine]s and 2,3-dihydro-3-(1-pyrryl)spiro[benzofuran-2,3'-pyrrolidine]s: novel antihypertensive agents.
AID540220	Clearance in human after iv administration	2005	Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, Jul, Volume: 94, Issue:7	Extrapolation of human pharmacokinetic parameters from rat, dog, and monkey data: Molecular properties associated with extrapolative success or failure.
AID681028	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of PAH uptake (PAH: 20 uM, Captopril: 1000 uM) in OAT-expressing COS-7 cells	1999	The Journal of biological chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 274, Issue:3	Heterologous expression and functional characterization of a mouse renal organic anion transporter in mammalian cells.
AID444054	Oral bioavailability in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID38424	Compound was tested for plasma inhibition of Angiotensin I converting enzyme activity in the conscious rat. Expressed as Inhibition of AI pressor response at 2 hr at a dose of 10 mg/kg po	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-02, Volume: 39, Issue:16	Mercaptoacyl dipeptides as orally active dual inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase.
AID1576704	Inhibition of bacterial N-terminal His-tagged TEV protease site linked AmpC (20 to 377 amino acids) expressed in Escherichia coli Transetta (DE3) preincubated for 10 mins followed by FC5 fluorescent substrate addition by fluorescence assay
AID185648	Inhibition of angiotensin I induced blood pressure in normotensive anesthetized rats at 3 ug/kg (i.v.) for 5 min	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 31, Issue:3	Synthesis and biological activity of ketomethylene-containing nonapeptide analogues of snake venom angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
AID1847357	Inhibition of wildtype full length NDM-1 (Gly47-Arg270 residues) (unknown origin) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) using imipenem as substrate by spectrophotometric assay	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-05, Volume: 223	Recent research and development of NDM-1 inhibitors.
AID185643	Inhibition of angiotensin I induced blood pressure in normotensive anesthetized rats at 30 ug/kg (i.v.) for 5 min	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 31, Issue:3	Synthesis and biological activity of ketomethylene-containing nonapeptide analogues of snake venom angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
AID540211	Fraction unbound in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1684110	Inhibition of NDM-1 (unknown origin) expressed in Escherichia coli	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 29	Structure-guided optimization of D-captopril for discovery of potent NDM-1 inhibitors.
AID37646	In vitro inhibition of angiotensin I converting enzyme in rabbit lung with hippuryl-histidyl-leucine as substrate	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 31, Issue:1	(Phosphinyloxy)acyl amino acid inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). 1. Discovery of (S)-1-[6-amino-2-[[hydroxy(4-phenylbutyl)phosphinyl]oxy]-1-oxohexyl]-L -proline a novel orally active inhibitor of ACE.
AID638651	Uncompetitive inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa beta-lactamase IMP-1 assessed as formation of 4-nitrothiophenolate at pH 7 using CENTA as chromogenic substrate	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1	3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles and N-acylated thiosemicarbazides as metallo-β-lactamase inhibitors.
AID1576699	Inhibition of bacterial N-terminal His-tagged TEV protease site linked NDM-1 (1 to 270 amino acids) expressed in Escherichia coli Transetta (DE3) preincubated for 10 mins followed by FC5 fluorescent substrate addition by fluorescence assay
AID717844	Inhibition of mouse Ido2 transfected in HEK293T cells using L-tryptophan as substrate assessed as kynurenine formation at 20 uM after 45 mins by spectrophotometric analysis relative to control	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 22, Issue:24	Identification of selective inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2.
AID1374862	Inhibition of bacterial N-terminal His6-tagged VIM2 (27 to 266 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 DE3 pLysS cells using FC-5 as substrate pretreated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition by fluorescence assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 28, Issue:6	Virtual target screening reveals rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid A inhibiting metallo- and serine-β-lactamases.
AID182328	% Inhibition of angiotensin-I induced pressor response in normotensive rats after peroral dosing of 15 umol/kg	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 31, Issue:6	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Mercaptan, carboxyalkyl dipeptide, and phosphinic acid inhibitors incorporating 4-substituted prolines.
AID38852	In vitro inhibitory activity against Angiotensin I converting enzyme	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 28, Issue:4	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: synthesis and biological activity of acyl tripeptide analogues of enalapril.
AID1676595	Binding affinity to Ferric ion assessed as performance ratio ratio by measuring product of accounting ratio and retention ratio at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID185647	Inhibition of angiotensin I induced blood pressure in normotensive anesthetized rats at 3 ug/kg (i.v.) for 10 min	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 31, Issue:3	Synthesis and biological activity of ketomethylene-containing nonapeptide analogues of snake venom angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
AID1676602	Binding affinity to ferric ion assessed as accounting ratio by measuring total compound detected/total compound adsorbed at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID1079936	Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
AID588210	Human drug-induced liver injury (DILI) modelling dataset from Ekins et al	2010	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 38, Issue:12	A predictive ligand-based Bayesian model for human drug-induced liver injury.
AID37668	In vitro inhibitory activity against rabbit lung Angiotensin I converting enzyme	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 28, Issue:1	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. New orally active antihypertensive (mercaptoalkanoyl)- and [(acylthio)alkanoyl]glycine derivatives.
AID496829	Antimicrobial activity against Leishmania infantum	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID198995	Antihypertensive activity against human renin	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 24, Issue:4	Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system. A new approach to the therapy of hypertension.
AID169782	Time required after administration of 0.3 mg/kg of compound po, for the AI response to return to 70% of the pretreatment control response	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8	Novel synthesis of (S)-1-[5-(benzoylamino)-1,4-dioxo-6-phenylhexyl]-L-proline and analogues: potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
AID194475	Maximal change in blood pressure recorded during the 4-day test period in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR)at 10mg/kg, po dose	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: 1-glutarylindoline-2-carboxylic acids derivatives.
AID588219	FDA HLAED, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) increase	2004	Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4	Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID1676592	Binding affinity to Gallium ion assessed as performance ratio ratio by measuring product of accounting ratio and retention ratio at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID39615	In vitro inhibitory activity against rat serum angiotensin I converting enzyme using hippuryl-glycyl-glycine as substrate	1993	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-19, Volume: 36, Issue:6	1,2-Cyclomethylenecarboxylic monoamide hydroxamic derivatives. A novel class of non-amino acid angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
AID319059	Inhibition of ACE	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 18, Issue:10	Identification of ACE pharmacophore in the phosphonopeptide metabolite K-26.
AID775827	Binding affinity to human holo-transferrin assessed as pseudo-first-order rate constant measured as removal of ferric ion at 1 mM measured for 1 hr by UV-vis spectrophotometric analysis	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-24, Volume: 56, Issue:20	Investigating the selectivity of metalloenzyme inhibitors.
AID1451170	Inhibition of bacterial GST-tagged NDM1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) using imipenem as substrate by spectrophotometric method	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-14, Volume: 60, Issue:17	Dipicolinic Acid Derivatives as Inhibitors of New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase-1.
AID182323	% Inhibition of angiotensin-I induced pressor response in normotensive rats after intravenous dosing of 1.5 umol/kg	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 31, Issue:6	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Mercaptan, carboxyalkyl dipeptide, and phosphinic acid inhibitors incorporating 4-substituted prolines.
AID38115	Evaluation of plasma inhibition of Angiotensin I converting enzyme activity in conscious rat 2 hour after oral administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-22, Volume: 38, Issue:26	New alpha-thiol dipeptide dual inhibitors of angiotensin-I converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase EC 3.4.24.11.
AID588970	Substrates of transporters of clinical importance in the absorption and disposition of drugs, PEPT1	2010	Nature reviews. Drug discovery, Mar, Volume: 9, Issue:3	Membrane transporters in drug development.
AID26304	Partition coefficient (logD6.5)	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13	QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
AID717092	Antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rat assessed as reduction of diastolic arterial pressure at 40 mg/kg, po after 6 to 12 hrs	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 20, Issue:23	Novel nitric oxide-releasing isochroman-4-one derivatives: Synthesis and evaluation of antihypertensive activity.
AID540213	Half life in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID471314	Antioxidant activity assessed as galvinoxyl radical scavenging activity	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 44, Issue:12	Captopril and 6-mercaptopurine: whose SH possesses higher antioxidant ability?
AID1676598	Binding affinity to cupric ion assessed as retention ratio by measuring compound detected in elution fraction/total compound detected at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID169779	Angiotensin I(AI) response to return to 70% of the pretreatment control response was determined at a dose of 3 mg/kg, po	1982	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 25, Issue:11	Derivatives of the potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor 5(S)-benzamido-4-oxo-6-phenylhexanoyl-L-proline: effect of changes at positions 2 and 5 of the hexanoic acid portion.
AID625285	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID588217	FDA HLAED, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) increase	2004	Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4	Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID467024	Inhibition of Haemophilus influenzae recombinant DapE	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 19, Issue:22	Inhibitors of bacterial N-succinyl-L,L-diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase (DapE) and demonstration of in vitro antimicrobial activity.
AID1895844	Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (unknown origin)	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 226	Zinc enzymes in medicinal chemistry.
AID1500970	Inhibition of Wistar rat plasma angiotensin 1-converting enzyme using H-hippuryl-His-Leu-OH as substrate after 20 mins by fluorescence assay
AID186359	Baseline mean aortic blood pressure in conscious renal (1clip/2kidney) hypertensive rats at dose 0.3 mg/kg administered orally.	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 29, Issue:10	Synthesis of novel angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor quinapril and related compounds. A divergence of structure-activity relationships for non-sulfhydryl and sulfhydryl types.
AID1079938	Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID185627	Inhibition of angiotensin I induced blood pressure in normotensive anesthetized rats at 100 ug/kg (i.v.) for 60 min	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 31, Issue:3	Synthesis and biological activity of ketomethylene-containing nonapeptide analogues of snake venom angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
AID38089	Inhibition of rat Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE), using Hip-Gly-Gly as synthetic substrate.	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 30, Issue:6	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of potent new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors containing saturated bicyclic amino acids.
AID471317	Antioxidant activity against APPH-induced hemolysis of erythrocytes assessed as lag time of inhibition	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 44, Issue:12	Captopril and 6-mercaptopurine: whose SH possesses higher antioxidant ability?
AID775834	Inhibition of human recombinant MMP-2 using Mca-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Dpa-Ala-Arg-NH2.AcOH as substrate at 10 uM preincubated for 30 mins prior to substrate addition measured for 30 mins by fluorescence assay relative to control	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-24, Volume: 56, Issue:20	Investigating the selectivity of metalloenzyme inhibitors.
AID1451130	Binding affinity to bacterial NDM-1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as Zn2+ stripping up to 128 uM after 30 mins by equilibrium dialysis method	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-14, Volume: 60, Issue:17	Dipicolinic Acid Derivatives as Inhibitors of New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase-1.
AID766253	Inhibition of NDM-1 (unknown origin) using imipenem as substrate	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 56, Issue:17	Assay platform for clinically relevant metallo-β-lactamases.
AID1576698	Inhibition of bacterial N-terminal His-tagged TEV protease site linked VIM-2 (27 to 266 amino acids) expressed in Escherichia coli Transetta (DE3) preincubated for 10 mins followed by FC5 fluorescent substrate addition by fluorescence assay
AID37656	Evaluation of in vitro inhibitory activity against Angiotensin I converting enzyme	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-22, Volume: 38, Issue:26	New alpha-thiol dipeptide dual inhibitors of angiotensin-I converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase EC 3.4.24.11.
AID39763	Time to inhibit maximum Angiotensin I converting enzyme in Hog plasma	1990	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 33, Issue:6	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. 10. Aryl sulfonamide substituted N-[1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanyl-L-proline derivatives as novel antihypertensives.
AID186555	Compound was evaluated for change in blood pressure in hypertensive rats by peroral administration at a dose of 3.0 mg/kg at 1 hr	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 28, Issue:8	Synthesis and biological activity of pentapeptide analogues of the potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor 5(S)-benzamido-4-oxo-6-phenylhexanoyl-L-proline.
AID1254036	Reversible binding affinity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa 301-5473 metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-2 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) measured for 15 secs by SPR analysis	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 58, Issue:21	Discovery of Novel Inhibitor Scaffolds against the Metallo-β-lactamase VIM-2 by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Based Fragment Screening.
AID194988	Maximum change in mean aortic blood pressure in conscious renal 2-kidney/1-clip goldblatt hypertensive rat at a dose 3 mg/kg administered orally at 6 h; 4 animals tested	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 30, Issue:6	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of potent new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors containing saturated bicyclic amino acids.
AID1409614	Overall antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 (isolate France/IDF0372/2020) in the Vero E6 cell line at 48 h based on three assays 1) detection of viral RNA by qRT-PCR (targeting the N-gene), 2) plaque assay using lysate 3 days after addition of compound	2020	Nature, 07, Volume: 583, Issue:7816	A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing.
AID471315	Antioxidant activity assessed as ABTS radical scavenging activity	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 44, Issue:12	Captopril and 6-mercaptopurine: whose SH possesses higher antioxidant ability?
AID1473739	Inhibition of human MRP2 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay	2013	Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1	A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID476929	Human intestinal absorption in po dosed human	2010	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 45, Issue:3	Neural computational prediction of oral drug absorption based on CODES 2D descriptors.
AID1676599	Binding affinity to cupric ion assessed as accounting ratio by measuring total compound detected/total compound adsorbed at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID38120	Evaluation of plasma inhibition of Angiotensin I converting enzyme activity in conscious rat 4 hours after ia administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-22, Volume: 38, Issue:26	New alpha-thiol dipeptide dual inhibitors of angiotensin-I converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase EC 3.4.24.11.
AID1291426	Binding affinity to His-tagged Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM-1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21-AI cells by surface plasmon resonance assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 26, Issue:8	Fragment-based discovery of inhibitor scaffolds targeting the metallo-β-lactamases NDM-1 and VIM-2.
AID1352271	Inhibition of N-terminal his-tagged bacterial NDM1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) pLyS cells	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 145	((S)-3-Mercapto-2-methylpropanamido)acetic acid derivatives as metallo-β-lactamase inhibitors: Synthesis, kinetic and crystallographic studies.
AID1576714	Inhibition of beta lactamase KPC-2 in Klebsiella pneumoniae 5846 assessed as potentiation of meropenem-induced antibacterial activity by measuring meropenem MIC at 50 uM after 16 to 20 hrs by broth microdilution assay (Rvb = 16 ug/ml)
AID417982	Inhibition of pig lung ACE at 1 pmol/L assessed as enzyme restrain rate	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6	Total synthesis and antihypertensive activity of (+/-)7,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-isochromanone-4.
AID1079941	Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID182321	% Inhibition of angiotensin-I induced pressor response in normotensive rats after intravenous dosing of 0.15 umol/kg	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 31, Issue:6	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Mercaptan, carboxyalkyl dipeptide, and phosphinic acid inhibitors incorporating 4-substituted prolines.
AID567091	Drug absorption in human assessed as human intestinal absorption rate	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 46, Issue:1	Prediction of drug intestinal absorption by new linear and non-linear QSPR.
AID625283	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID183141	Peroral dose required to inhibit angiotensin I induced vasopressor response in normotensive conscious rats	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 28, Issue:1	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. New orally active antihypertensive (mercaptoalkanoyl)- and [(acylthio)alkanoyl]glycine derivatives.
AID775829	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase assessed as L-DOPA conversion to melanin at 10 uM preincubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 10 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-24, Volume: 56, Issue:20	Investigating the selectivity of metalloenzyme inhibitors.
AID29359	Ionization constant (pKa)	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13	QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
AID625280	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID171835	Hypotensive activity in renal hypertensive rats by using tail-cuff method measured as BP on (2/0) day/h postdrug	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 26, Issue:10	2,3-dihydro-3-(1-pyrryl)spiro[benzofuran-2,4'-piperidine]s and 2,3-dihydro-3-(1-pyrryl)spiro[benzofuran-2,3'-pyrrolidine]s: novel antihypertensive agents.
AID417978	Inhibition of pig lung ACE at 100 nmol/L assessed as enzyme restrain rate	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6	Total synthesis and antihypertensive activity of (+/-)7,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-isochromanone-4.
AID766252	Inhibition of NDM-1 (unknown origin) using FC4 as substrate	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 56, Issue:17	Assay platform for clinically relevant metallo-β-lactamases.
AID194500	Maximum effect of 3 mg/kg of compound administered orally on mean aortic blood pressure in the conscious renal hypertensive rat	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8	Novel synthesis of (S)-1-[5-(benzoylamino)-1,4-dioxo-6-phenylhexyl]-L-proline and analogues: potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
AID1079946	Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
AID695877	Cytotoxicity against human KB-3-1 cells incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Collateral sensitivity of multidrug-resistant cells to the orphan drug tiopronin.
AID496821	Antimicrobial activity against Leishmania	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID496819	Antimicrobial activity against Plasmodium falciparum	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID193331	Change in mean aortic blood pressure in the conscious renal hypertensive rat after oral administration of 0.3 mg/kg	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8	Novel synthesis of (S)-1-[5-(benzoylamino)-1,4-dioxo-6-phenylhexyl]-L-proline and analogues: potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
AID39627	In vitro inhibitory activity against Angiotensin I converting enzyme in dog	1990	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 33, Issue:6	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. 9. Novel [[N-(1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl)amino]acyl]glycine derivatives with diuretic activity.
AID1676601	Binding affinity to Zinc ion assessed as retention ratio by measuring compound detected in elution fraction/total compound detected at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID1291430	Ratio of IC50 for inhibition of His-tagged Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM-1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21-AI cells using imipinem as substrate to Kd for Binding affinity to His-tagged Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM-1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21-AI cells	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 26, Issue:8	Fragment-based discovery of inhibitor scaffolds targeting the metallo-β-lactamases NDM-1 and VIM-2.
AID383260	Antihypertensive effect in anesthetized Wistar rat assessed as reduction of systolic arterial pressure at 1 mg/kg administered through femoral vein	2008	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 43, Issue:3	Synthesis and antihypertensive effects of new methylthiomorpholinphenol derivatives.
AID194970	Maximum change in mean aortic blood pressure in conscious renal 2-kidney/1-clip goldblatt hypertensive rat at a dose 0.3 mg/kg administered orally at 2 hr; 4 animals tested	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 30, Issue:6	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of potent new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors containing saturated bicyclic amino acids.
AID977599	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID37931	In vitro inhibition of Angiotensin I converting enzyme in rabbit lung	1990	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 33, Issue:6	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. 10. Aryl sulfonamide substituted N-[1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanyl-L-proline derivatives as novel antihypertensives.
AID38850	Inhibition of Angiotensin I converting enzyme	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 28, Issue:3	Conformational analysis and active site modelling of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.
AID1662232	Inhibition of recombinant bacteria NDM-1 (I31 to K268 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells incubated for 20 mins using meropenem as substrate	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-01, Volume: 28, Issue:9	A novel potent metal-binding NDM-1 inhibitor was identified by fragment virtual, SPR and NMR screening.
AID1676594	Binding affinity to gallium ion assessed as accounting ratio by measuring total compound detected/total compound adsorbed at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID425198	Antihypertensive activity in anesthetized normotensive cat assessed as mean reduction of diastolic blood pressure at 0.00246 mmol/kg relative to control	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 17, Issue:10	ACE inhibitors hypothesis generation for selective design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-mercapto-2-methyl-propanoyl-pyrrolidine-3-imine derivatives as antihypertensive agents.
AID1853383	Inhibition of recombinant Escherichia coli IMP-1	2021	RSC medicinal chemistry, Oct-20, Volume: 12, Issue:10
AID433785	Inhibition of human recombinant ACE by fluorimetry	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 19, Issue:16	Synthesis and enzymatic evaluation of novel partially fluorinated thiol dual ACE/NEP inhibitors.
AID588216	FDA HLAED, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) increase	2004	Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4	Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID1322076	Binding affinity to human C-terminal His6-tagged/N-terminal T7 gene leader sequence-tagged LTA4H assessed as change in melting temperature at 1 mM by circular dichroism spectroscopic analysis	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-01, Volume: 24, Issue:21	Thermodynamic properties of leukotriene A
AID67205	Inhibition of Endothelin-converting enzyme 1 (ECE)	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-28, Volume: 45, Issue:7	Toward an optimal joint recognition of the S1' subsites of endothelin converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), and neutral endopeptidase (NEP).
AID185626	Inhibition of angiotensin I induced blood pressure in normotensive anesthetized rats at 100 ug/kg (i.v.) for 5 min	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 31, Issue:3	Synthesis and biological activity of ketomethylene-containing nonapeptide analogues of snake venom angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
AID717089	Antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rat assessed as reduction of diastolic arterial pressure at 40 mg/kg, po up to 24 hrs	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 20, Issue:23	Novel nitric oxide-releasing isochroman-4-one derivatives: Synthesis and evaluation of antihypertensive activity.
AID38245	Evaluation of plasma inhibition of Angiotensin I converting enzyme activity in conscious rat 6 hours after ia administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-22, Volume: 38, Issue:26	New alpha-thiol dipeptide dual inhibitors of angiotensin-I converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase EC 3.4.24.11.
AID185628	Inhibition of angiotensin I induced blood pressure in normotensive anesthetized rats at 100 ug/kg (i.v.) for 75 min	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 31, Issue:3	Synthesis and biological activity of ketomethylene-containing nonapeptide analogues of snake venom angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
AID748996	Inhibition of Enterobacteriaceae NDM-1	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 21, Issue:11	An altered zinc-binding site confers resistance to a covalent inactivator of New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) discovered by high-throughput screening.
AID977602	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID270071	Inhibition of human ACE K1087A mutant	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 16, Issue:19	The molecular basis for the selection of captopril cis and trans conformations by angiotensin I converting enzyme.
AID497005	Antimicrobial activity against Pneumocystis carinii	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID193333	Change in mean aortic blood pressure in the conscious renal hypertensive rat after oral administration of 3 mg/kg	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8	Novel synthesis of (S)-1-[5-(benzoylamino)-1,4-dioxo-6-phenylhexyl]-L-proline and analogues: potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
AID174951	Time taken by the compound to change arterial pressure outside the control area at a dose of 30mg/kg, po	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 29, Issue:5	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: new orally active 1,4-thiazepine-2,5-diones, 1,4-thiazine-2,5-diones, and 1,4-benzothiazepine-2,5-diones possessing antihypertensive activity.
AID775828	Inhibition of TPCK-treated trypsin (unknown origin) at 10 uM preincubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition measured for 30 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-24, Volume: 56, Issue:20	Investigating the selectivity of metalloenzyme inhibitors.
AID417976	Inhibition of pig lung ACE at 10 umol/L assessed as enzyme restrain rate	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6	Total synthesis and antihypertensive activity of (+/-)7,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-isochromanone-4.
AID515314	Octanol-water partition coefficient, log P of the compound	2010	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 45, Issue:10	Antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic properties of a para-hydroxy[bis(ortho-morpholinylmethyl)]phenyl-1,4-DHP compound: comparison with other compounds of the same kind and relationship with logP values.
AID1770060	Zinc chelation-dependent inhibition of VIM-2 (unknown origin) expressed in Escherichia coli DH5 alpha using nitrocefin as substrate preincubated with enzyme for 5 mins followed by substrate addition in presence of zinc sulfate
AID749004	Inhibition of NDM-1 (unknown origin) using nitrocefin as substrate preincubated 10 mins followed by substrate addition for 20 mins measured on day 3 by trans-absorbance endpoint assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 21, Issue:11	An altered zinc-binding site confers resistance to a covalent inactivator of New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) discovered by high-throughput screening.
AID1576701	Inhibition of bacterial N-terminal His-tagged TEV protease site linked GOB-18 (1 to 290 amino acids) expressed in Escherichia coli Transetta (DE3) preincubated for 10 mins followed by FC5 fluorescent substrate addition by fluorescence assay
AID766238	Inhibition of NDM-1 (unknown origin) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells using imipenem as substrate by spectrophotometric analysis	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 56, Issue:17	Assay platform for clinically relevant metallo-β-lactamases.
AID38108	In vivo inhibition of Angiotensin I converting enzyme in anaesthetized rats	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 31, Issue:4	Synthesis and pharmacological activity of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: N-(mercaptoacyl)-4-substituted-(S)-prolines.
AID625286	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079935	Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
AID186682	Maximum change aortic blood pressure in conscious renal (1clip/2kidney) hypertensive rats at dose 30 mg/kg administered orally at 6 hr.	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 29, Issue:10	Synthesis of novel angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor quinapril and related compounds. A divergence of structure-activity relationships for non-sulfhydryl and sulfhydryl types.
AID679590	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Digoxin transepithelial transport (basal to apical)(Digoxin: 0.1 uM, Captopril: 50 uM) in MDR1-expressing LLC-PK1 cells	2002	Life sciences, Feb-15, Volume: 70, Issue:13	Interaction of digoxin with antihypertensive drugs via MDR1.
AID38253	Inhibition of Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE)	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-28, Volume: 45, Issue:7	Toward an optimal joint recognition of the S1' subsites of endothelin converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), and neutral endopeptidase (NEP).
AID171834	Hypotensive activity in renal hypertensive rats by using tail-cuff method measured as BP on (1/2) day/h postdrug	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 26, Issue:10	2,3-dihydro-3-(1-pyrryl)spiro[benzofuran-2,4'-piperidine]s and 2,3-dihydro-3-(1-pyrryl)spiro[benzofuran-2,3'-pyrrolidine]s: novel antihypertensive agents.
AID39752	Inhibition of guinea pig serum Angiotensin I converting enzyme	1982	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 25, Issue:11	Derivatives of the potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor 5(S)-benzamido-4-oxo-6-phenylhexanoyl-L-proline: effect of changes at positions 2 and 5 of the hexanoic acid portion.
AID588218	FDA HLAED, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increase	2004	Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4	Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID169784	Time required after administration of 3 mg/kg of compound po, for the AI response to return to 70% of the pretreatment control response	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8	Novel synthesis of (S)-1-[5-(benzoylamino)-1,4-dioxo-6-phenylhexyl]-L-proline and analogues: potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
AID182330	% Inhibition of angiotensin-I induced pressor response in normotensive rats after peroral dosing of 5 umol/kg	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 31, Issue:6	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Mercaptan, carboxyalkyl dipeptide, and phosphinic acid inhibitors incorporating 4-substituted prolines.
AID1322069	Inhibition of human C-terminal his6-tagged/N-terminal T7 gene leader sequence-tagged LTA4H using L-arginine-7-amino-4-Methylcoumarine as substrate preincubated for 30 mins followed by substrate addition measured for 30 mins by fluorescence assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-01, Volume: 24, Issue:21	Thermodynamic properties of leukotriene A
AID625279	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1352275	Reversible inhibition of bacterial VIM2 (27 to 266 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli Transetta (DE3) cells at 7.5 uM using FC-5 as substrate up to 500 secs by jump dilution assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 145	((S)-3-Mercapto-2-methylpropanamido)acetic acid derivatives as metallo-β-lactamase inhibitors: Synthesis, kinetic and crystallographic studies.
AID37667	In vitro inhibitory activity against Angiotensin I converting enzyme	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 28, Issue:3	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. (Mercaptoaroyl)amino acids.
AID37657	In vitro 50% inhibition of Angiotensin I converting enzyme	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 31, Issue:4	Synthesis and pharmacological activity of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: N-(mercaptoacyl)-4-substituted-(S)-prolines.
AID38090	In vitro antihypertensive activity determined by inhibition of angiotensin I converting enzyme	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 26, Issue:3	Antihypertensive agents: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. 1-[3-(Acylthio)-3-aroylpropionyl]-L-prolines.
AID749001	Inhibition of NDM-1 (unknown origin) using nitrocefin as substrate preincubated 10 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 20 mins by epi-absorbance endpoint assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 21, Issue:11	An altered zinc-binding site confers resistance to a covalent inactivator of New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) discovered by high-throughput screening.
AID186257	Maximum inhibition of the angiotensin I challenge at 0.03 mg/kg, po, in conscious, normotensive rats	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8	Novel synthesis of (S)-1-[5-(benzoylamino)-1,4-dioxo-6-phenylhexyl]-L-proline and analogues: potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
AID1291427	Inhibition of His-tagged Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM-1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21-AI cells using imipinem as substrate	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 26, Issue:8	Fragment-based discovery of inhibitor scaffolds targeting the metallo-β-lactamases NDM-1 and VIM-2.
AID335374	Antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rat assessed as inhibition of angiotensin 1-induced vasopressive response at 0.04 mg/kg, iv after 10 mins	1992	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 55, Issue:5	Inhibition of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme by tetrahydroxyxanthones isolated from Tripterospermum lanceolatum.
AID182119	Percent inhibition of angiotensin I (AI) pressor response after intravenous administration (dose of 0.05 mg/kg)to conscious normotensive rats	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 28, Issue:10	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: 1,5-benzothiazepine derivatives.
AID471318	Antioxidant activity assessed as protection against hemin-induced erythrocytes hemolysis at 0.6 uM	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 44, Issue:12	Captopril and 6-mercaptopurine: whose SH possesses higher antioxidant ability?
AID625289	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1473741	Inhibition of human MRP4 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay	2013	Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1	A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID1474166	Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring severity class index	2016	Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4	DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID193332	Change in mean aortic blood pressure in the conscious renal hypertensive rat after oral administration of 30 mg/kg	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8	Novel synthesis of (S)-1-[5-(benzoylamino)-1,4-dioxo-6-phenylhexyl]-L-proline and analogues: potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
AID37652	Compound was tested for its inhibitory activity against Angiotensin I converting enzyme	1998	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-18, Volume: 8, Issue:16	Probing the importance of spacial and conformational domains in captopril analogs for angiotensin converting enzyme activity.
AID335380	Antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rat assessed as inhibition of angiotensin 1-induced vasopressive response at 0.4 mg/kg, iv after 20 mins	1992	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 55, Issue:5	Inhibition of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme by tetrahydroxyxanthones isolated from Tripterospermum lanceolatum.
AID444057	Fraction escaping hepatic elimination in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID417980	Inhibition of pig lung ACE at 100 pmol/L assessed as enzyme restrain rate	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6	Total synthesis and antihypertensive activity of (+/-)7,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-isochromanone-4.
AID1127284	Inhibition of human ACE-mediated amyloid beta hydrolysis	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-22, Volume: 79	Imidazole-derived 2-[N-carbamoylmethyl-alkylamino]acetic acids, substrate-dependent modulators of insulin-degrading enzyme in amyloid-β hydrolysis.
AID425196	Antihypertensive activity in anesthetized normotensive cat assessed as mean reduction of systolic blood pressure at 0.00246 mmol/kg relative to control	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 17, Issue:10	ACE inhibitors hypothesis generation for selective design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-mercapto-2-methyl-propanoyl-pyrrolidine-3-imine derivatives as antihypertensive agents.
AID1374867	Reversible inhibition of bacterial N-terminal His6-tagged VIM2 (27 to 266 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 DE3 pLysS cells at 11 uM using FC-5 as substrate pretreated for 30 mins followed by substrate addition by jump-dilution method	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 28, Issue:6	Virtual target screening reveals rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid A inhibiting metallo- and serine-β-lactamases.
AID1576712	Inhibition of beta lactamase KPC-2 in Escherichia coli 11119 assessed as potentiation of meropenem-induced antibacterial activity by measuring meropenem MIC at 50 uM after 16 to 20 hrs by broth microdilution assay (Rvb = 16 ug/ml)
AID194499	Maximum effect of 30 mg/kg administered orally on mean aortic blood pressure in the conscious renal hypertensive rat	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8	Novel synthesis of (S)-1-[5-(benzoylamino)-1,4-dioxo-6-phenylhexyl]-L-proline and analogues: potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
AID38402	Compound was tested for plasma inhibition of Angiotensin I converting enzyme activity in the conscious rat. Expressed as Inhibition of AI pressor response at 1 hr at a dose of 10 mg/kg po	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-02, Volume: 39, Issue:16	Mercaptoacyl dipeptides as orally active dual inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase.
AID38113	Evaluation of plasma inhibition of Angiotensin I converting enzyme activity in conscious rat 1 hour after oral administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-22, Volume: 38, Issue:26	New alpha-thiol dipeptide dual inhibitors of angiotensin-I converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase EC 3.4.24.11.
AID1576705	Inhibition of bacterial N-terminal His-tagged TEV protease site linked OXA-48 (1 to 265 amino acids) expressed in Escherichia coli Transetta (DE3) preincubated for 10 mins followed by FC5 fluorescent substrate addition by fluorescence assay
AID1676591	Binding affinity to Nickel cation assessed as accounting ratio by measuring total compound detected/total compound adsorbed at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID1079939	Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID57348	Diuretic activity (ip) was tested in dogs	1990	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 33, Issue:6	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. 9. Novel [[N-(1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl)amino]acyl]glycine derivatives with diuretic activity.
AID444058	Volume of distribution at steady state in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID39767	Inhibitory activity against angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE)	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 43, Issue:3	Protease inhibitors: current status and future prospects.
AID409954	Inhibition of mouse brain MAOA	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-13, Volume: 51, Issue:21	Quantitative structure-activity relationship and complex network approach to monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitors.
AID1770059	Zinc chelation-dependent inhibition of IMP-1 (unknown origin) expressed in Escherichia coli DH5 alpha using imipenem as substrate preincubated with enzyme for 5 mins followed by substrate addition in the presence of zinc sulfate
AID38091	Inhibition of Angiotensin I converting enzyme in rat	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 28, Issue:10	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: 1,5-benzothiazepine derivatives.
AID194476	Maximal change in blood pressure recorded during the 4-day test period in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR)at 30 mg/kg, po dose	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: 1-glutarylindoline-2-carboxylic acids derivatives.
AID186365	Baseline mean aortic blood pressure in conscious renal (1clip/2kidney) hypertensive rats at dose 30 mg/kg administered orally.	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 29, Issue:10	Synthesis of novel angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor quinapril and related compounds. A divergence of structure-activity relationships for non-sulfhydryl and sulfhydryl types.
AID171838	Hypotensive activity in renal hypertensive rats by using tail-cuff method measured as BP on (3/2)day/h postdrug	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 26, Issue:10	2,3-dihydro-3-(1-pyrryl)spiro[benzofuran-2,4'-piperidine]s and 2,3-dihydro-3-(1-pyrryl)spiro[benzofuran-2,3'-pyrrolidine]s: novel antihypertensive agents.
AID1662231	Binding affinity to recombinant bacteria NDM-1 (I31 to K268 residues)expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells by SPR assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-01, Volume: 28, Issue:9	A novel potent metal-binding NDM-1 inhibitor was identified by fragment virtual, SPR and NMR screening.
AID335379	Antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rat assessed as inhibition of angiotensin 1-induced vasopressive response at 0.04 mg/kg, iv after 20 mins	1992	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 55, Issue:5	Inhibition of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme by tetrahydroxyxanthones isolated from Tripterospermum lanceolatum.
AID625281	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID186678	Maximum change aortic blood pressure in conscious renal (1clip/2kidney) hypertensive rats at dose 3.0 mg/kg administered orally at 6 hr.	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 29, Issue:10	Synthesis of novel angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor quinapril and related compounds. A divergence of structure-activity relationships for non-sulfhydryl and sulfhydryl types.
AID425652	Total body clearance in human	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15	Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID37812	In vitro stability of compound toward enzymatic degradation by rabbit lung Angiotensin I converting enzyme after 30 minutes incubation	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-21, Volume: 40, Issue:24	NAcSDKP analogues resistant to angiotensin-converting enzyme.
AID182326	% Inhibition of angiotensin-I induced pressor response in normotensive rats after peroral dosing of 0.5 umol/kg	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 31, Issue:6	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Mercaptan, carboxyalkyl dipeptide, and phosphinic acid inhibitors incorporating 4-substituted prolines.
AID78673	Compound is evaluated for the inhibition of guinea pig ileum contraction caused by 25 ng/mL angiotensin I	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 23, Issue:12	Synthesis and biological activity of a ketomethylene analogue of a tripeptide inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme.
AID186258	Maximum inhibition of the angiotensin I challenge at 0.3 mg/kg, po, in conscious, normotensive rats	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8	Novel synthesis of (S)-1-[5-(benzoylamino)-1,4-dioxo-6-phenylhexyl]-L-proline and analogues: potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
AID444052	Hepatic clearance in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID37801	Inhibitory activity against rabbit lung angiotensin-1 converting enzyme	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 31, Issue:6	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Mercaptan, carboxyalkyl dipeptide, and phosphinic acid inhibitors incorporating 4-substituted prolines.
AID625282	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1079937	Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID1720323	Cardioprotective activity in C57BL/6 mouse model of LAD coronary artery ligation-induced myocardial infarction assessed as reduction in scar length at 0.3 mg/kg, po and measured after 28 days relative to control
AID254756	Inhibitory concentration against angiotensin I converting enzyme	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-20, Volume: 48, Issue:21	Designed multiple ligands. An emerging drug discovery paradigm.
AID1576715	Inhibition of beta lactamase AmpC in Klebsiella pneumoniae C660 assessed as potentiation of meropenem-induced antibacterial activity by measuring meropenem MIC at 50 uM after 16 to 20 hrs by broth microdilution assay (Rvb = 32 ug/ml)
AID39754	Concentration required to inhibit the activity of Angiotensin I converting enzyme by 50%	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8	Novel synthesis of (S)-1-[5-(benzoylamino)-1,4-dioxo-6-phenylhexyl]-L-proline and analogues: potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
AID194984	Maximum change in mean aortic blood pressure in conscious renal 2-kidney/1-clip goldblatt hypertensive rat at a dose 30 mg/kg administered orally at 6 h; 4 animals tested	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 30, Issue:6	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of potent new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors containing saturated bicyclic amino acids.
AID182120	Percent inhibition of angiotensin I (AI) pressor response after oral administration (dose of 1.0 mg/kg) to conscious normotensive rats	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 28, Issue:10	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: 1,5-benzothiazepine derivatives.
AID680834	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Sulpiride uptake (Sulpiride: 100 uM, Captopril: 1000 uM) in Caco-2 cells	2002	Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin, Jul, Volume: 25, Issue:7	Studies on intestinal absorption of sulpiride (1): carrier-mediated uptake of sulpiride in the human intestinal cell line Caco-2.
AID1770020	Zinc chelation-dependent inhibition of NDM-1 (unknown origin) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) using meropenem as substrate preincubated with enzyme for 5 to 10 mins followed by substrate addition
AID1352270	Inhibition of N-terminal his-tagged bacterial VIM2 (27 to 266 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) pLyS cells	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 145	((S)-3-Mercapto-2-methylpropanamido)acetic acid derivatives as metallo-β-lactamase inhibitors: Synthesis, kinetic and crystallographic studies.
AID383261	Antihypertensive effect in anesthetized Wistar rat assessed as reduction of diastolic arterial pressure at 1 mg/kg administered through femoral vein	2008	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 43, Issue:3	Synthesis and antihypertensive effects of new methylthiomorpholinphenol derivatives.
AID186554	Compound was evaluated for base line value in hypertensive rats by peroral administration at a dose of 3.0 mg/kg	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 28, Issue:8	Synthesis and biological activity of pentapeptide analogues of the potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor 5(S)-benzamido-4-oxo-6-phenylhexanoyl-L-proline.
AID1322075	Binding affinity to human C-terminal his6-tagged/N-terminal T7 gene leader sequence-tagged LTA4H at 35 degC by ITC method	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-01, Volume: 24, Issue:21	Thermodynamic properties of leukotriene A
AID38267	Compound was evaluated for ACE inhibitory activity in conscious normotensive rats at a dose 0.13 mg/kg given intravenously by determining percent reduction in Angiotensin I converting enzyme response	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 29, Issue:3	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors as antihypertensive agents: 1-[(2-mercaptocycloalkyl)carbonyl]-L-prolines.
AID402583	Inhibition of ACE at 0.01 mg/ml	2004	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 67, Issue:6	Three cyclooctapeptides and one glycoside from Microtoena prainiana.
AID775844	Inhibition of human recombinant ACE/CD143 somatic form using Mca-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Dpa-Ala-Arg-NH2.AcOH as substrate preincubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition measured for 30 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-24, Volume: 56, Issue:20	Investigating the selectivity of metalloenzyme inhibitors.
AID471313	Antioxidant activity assessed as DPPH radical scavenging activity	2009	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 44, Issue:12	Captopril and 6-mercaptopurine: whose SH possesses higher antioxidant ability?
AID679952	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of D-Phe-L-Gln uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes	1998	Biochimica et biophysica acta, Aug-14, Volume: 1373, Issue:1	Proton-coupled oligopeptide transport by rat renal cortical brush border membrane vesicles: a functional analysis using ACE inhibitors to determine the isoform of the transporter.
AID386623	Inhibition of 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium uptake at human OCT1 expressed in HEK293 cells at 100 uM by confocal microscopy	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 51, Issue:19	Structural requirements for drug inhibition of the liver specific human organic cation transport protein 1.
AID197570	Maximum percent change in mean arterial pressure by the compound over control after po administration at 30 mg/kg dosage	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 29, Issue:5	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: new orally active 1,4-thiazepine-2,5-diones, 1,4-thiazine-2,5-diones, and 1,4-benzothiazepine-2,5-diones possessing antihypertensive activity.
AID270070	Inhibition of human ACE Y1096F mutant	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 16, Issue:19	The molecular basis for the selection of captopril cis and trans conformations by angiotensin I converting enzyme.
AID194492	Maximal change in blood pressure recorded during the 4-day test period in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) at 10 mg/kg, po dose	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: N-substituted monocyclic and bicyclic amino acid derivatives.
AID39755	Concentration required for 50% inhibition of Angiotensin I converting enzyme	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 24, Issue:1	Synthesis and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity of 3-(Mercaptomethyl)-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetic acids and 3-(Mercaptomethyl)-2-oxo-1-piperidineacetic acids.
AID1060454	Inhibition of NDM-1 (unknown origin)	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 24, Issue:1	Simplified captopril analogues as NDM-1 inhibitors.
AID425195	Antihypertensive activity in anesthetized normotensive cat assessed as mean reduction of systolic blood pressure at 0.00246 mmol/kg	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 17, Issue:10	ACE inhibitors hypothesis generation for selective design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-mercapto-2-methyl-propanoyl-pyrrolidine-3-imine derivatives as antihypertensive agents.
AID540218	Clearance in monkey after iv administration	2005	Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, Jul, Volume: 94, Issue:7	Extrapolation of human pharmacokinetic parameters from rat, dog, and monkey data: Molecular properties associated with extrapolative success or failure.
AID540215	Volume of distribution at steady state in rat after iv administration	2005	Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, Jul, Volume: 94, Issue:7	Extrapolation of human pharmacokinetic parameters from rat, dog, and monkey data: Molecular properties associated with extrapolative success or failure.
AID1053270	Inhibition of ACE (unknown origin) assessed as 3-Hydroxybutyril-glycil-glycil-glycine conversion to 3-hydroxybutyric acid after 60 mins by WST assay	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-14, Volume: 56, Issue:21	Experimental confirmation of new drug-target interactions predicted by Drug Profile Matching.
AID1322074	Binding affinity to human C-terminal his6-tagged/N-terminal T7 gene leader sequence-tagged LTA4H at 25 degC by ITC method	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-01, Volume: 24, Issue:21	Thermodynamic properties of leukotriene A
AID1393305	Inhibition of human ACE using Hip-His-Leu-OH as substrate after 1 hr by fluorimetric method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-10, Volume: 61, Issue:9	Quest for Novel Chemical Entities through Incorporation of Silicon in Drug Scaffolds.
AID695876	Cytotoxicity against drug-resistant human KBV1 cells expressing P-gp incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-28, Volume: 54, Issue:14	Collateral sensitivity of multidrug-resistant cells to the orphan drug tiopronin.
AID61876	Compound was evaluated for antihypertensive activity in conscious renal hypertensive dogs at a 10 mg/kg dose given orally	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 29, Issue:3	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors as antihypertensive agents: 1-[(2-mercaptocycloalkyl)carbonyl]-L-prolines.
AID699541	Inhibition of human liver OATP2B1 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in [3H]E3S uptake at 20 uM incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counting	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 55, Issue:10	Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
AID39484	Percentage inactivation of the angiotensin I induced vasopressor response in normotensive conscious rats after po administration at dose 0.15 mg/kg; 65-68	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 29, Issue:5	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: new orally active 1,4-thiazepine-2,5-diones, 1,4-thiazine-2,5-diones, and 1,4-benzothiazepine-2,5-diones possessing antihypertensive activity.
AID177500	In vivo inhibition of angiotensin I induced pressor effect after iv administration in rats	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 31, Issue:1	(Phosphinyloxy)acyl amino acid inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). 1. Discovery of (S)-1-[6-amino-2-[[hydroxy(4-phenylbutyl)phosphinyl]oxy]-1-oxohexyl]-L -proline a novel orally active inhibitor of ACE.
AID1676593	Binding affinity to Gallium ion assessed as retention ratio by measuring compound detected in elution fraction/total compound detected at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID496832	Antimicrobial activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID192548	Mean aortic base line blood pressure in conscious renal 2-kidney/1-clip goldblatt hypertensive rat at a dose 30 mg/kg administered orally	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 30, Issue:6	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of potent new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors containing saturated bicyclic amino acids.
AID38101	Compound tested in vivo for inhibition of Angiotensin I converting enzyme in rat	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 32, Issue:7	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: spirapril and related compounds.
AID37928	Ability to inhibit Angiotensin I converting enzyme was determined	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 27, Issue:6	Bicyclic lactam inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme.
AID1576711	Inhibition of beta lactamase KPC-2 in Escherichia coli BAA-2340 assessed as potentiation of meropenem-induced antibacterial activity by measuring meropenem MIC at 50 uM after 16 to 20 hrs by broth microdilution assay (Rvb = 4 ug/ml)
AID1537627	Antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive Wistar kyoto rat assessed as reduction in diastolic arterial pressure at 10 mg/kg, ip administered for 6 hrs and measured every 30 mins post treatment by tail-cuff method	2019	MedChemComm, May-01, Volume: 10, Issue:5	Toxicities and beneficial protection of H
AID211913	Inhibitory activity against thrombin	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-16, Volume: 14, Issue:14	Oxyguanidines. Part 2: Discovery of a novel orally active thrombin inhibitor through structure-based drug design and parallel synthesis.
AID767774	Inhibition of NDM-1 (unknown origin) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 using meropenem as substrate compound preincubated for 15 min by spectrophotometry	2013	Journal of natural products, Sep-27, Volume: 76, Issue:9	Polyketides with New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 inhibitory activity from Penicillium sp.
AID496823	Antimicrobial activity against Trichomonas vaginalis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID38111	Evaluation of plasma inhibition of Angiotensin I converting enzyme activity in conscious rat 1 hour after ia administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-22, Volume: 38, Issue:26	New alpha-thiol dipeptide dual inhibitors of angiotensin-I converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase EC 3.4.24.11.
AID147226	Inhibition of neutral endopeptidase (NEP)	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-28, Volume: 45, Issue:7	Toward an optimal joint recognition of the S1' subsites of endothelin converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), and neutral endopeptidase (NEP).
AID521220	Inhibition of neurosphere proliferation of mouse neural precursor cells by MTT assay	2007	Nature chemical biology, May, Volume: 3, Issue:5	Chemical genetics reveals a complex functional ground state of neural stem cells.
AID1079945	Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
AID185646	Inhibition of angiotensin I induced blood pressure in normotensive anesthetized rats at 3 ug/kg (i.v.) for 1.5 min	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 31, Issue:3	Synthesis and biological activity of ketomethylene-containing nonapeptide analogues of snake venom angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
AID38860	In vitro inhibitory activity against Angiotensin I converting enzyme	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 28, Issue:11	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: structure-activity profile of 1-benzazepin-2-one derivatives.
AID540221	Volume of distribution at steady state in human after iv administration	2005	Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, Jul, Volume: 94, Issue:7	Extrapolation of human pharmacokinetic parameters from rat, dog, and monkey data: Molecular properties associated with extrapolative success or failure.
AID1254039	Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 301-5473 metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-2 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) using nitrocefin as substrate preincubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition measured every 17 secs for 20 mins by microplate reader	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 58, Issue:21	Discovery of Novel Inhibitor Scaffolds against the Metallo-β-lactamase VIM-2 by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Based Fragment Screening.
AID171886	Change in mean aortic blood pressure expressed in hours after an oral administration of 3 mg/kg in conscious normotensive rats	1982	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 25, Issue:11	Derivatives of the potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor 5(S)-benzamido-4-oxo-6-phenylhexanoyl-L-proline: effect of changes at positions 2 and 5 of the hexanoic acid portion.
AID625292	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1576703	Inhibition of bacterial N-terminal His-tagged TEV protease site linked TEM-1 (24 to 286 amino acids) expressed in Escherichia coli Transetta (DE3) preincubated for 10 mins followed by FC5 fluorescent substrate addition by fluorescence assay
AID37659	In vitro inhibition of Angiotensin I converting enzyme	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: N-substituted monocyclic and bicyclic amino acid derivatives.
AID39762	In vivo inhibition of Angiotensin I converting enzyme in hog plasma after (po) administration of a dose of 0.3(mg/kg)	1990	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 33, Issue:6	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. 10. Aryl sulfonamide substituted N-[1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanyl-L-proline derivatives as novel antihypertensives.
AID1576700	Inhibition of bacterial N-terminal His-tagged TEV protease site linked SFH1 (3 to 234 amino acids) expressed in Escherichia coli Transetta (DE3) preincubated for 10 mins followed by FC5 fluorescent substrate addition by fluorescence assay
AID1662235	Inhibition of bacteria NMD-1	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-01, Volume: 28, Issue:9	A novel potent metal-binding NDM-1 inhibitor was identified by fragment virtual, SPR and NMR screening.
AID177501	In vivo inhibition of angiotensin I induced pressor effect after po administration in rats	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 31, Issue:1	(Phosphinyloxy)acyl amino acid inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). 1. Discovery of (S)-1-[6-amino-2-[[hydroxy(4-phenylbutyl)phosphinyl]oxy]-1-oxohexyl]-L -proline a novel orally active inhibitor of ACE.
AID1853385	Inhibition of recombinant Escherichia coli VIM-2	2021	RSC medicinal chemistry, Oct-20, Volume: 12, Issue:10
AID1409608	AUC (viral infection %) for SARS-CoV-2 in the Vero E6 cell line at 48 h by immunofluorescence-based assay (detecting the viral NP protein in the nucleus of the Vero E6 cells).	2020	Nature, 07, Volume: 583, Issue:7816	A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing.
AID417981	Inhibition of pig lung ACE at 10 pmol/L assessed as enzyme restrain rate	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6	Total synthesis and antihypertensive activity of (+/-)7,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-isochromanone-4.
AID338980	Inhibition of ACE by fluorometric assay
AID496831	Antimicrobial activity against Cryptosporidium parvum	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID1684111	Inhibition of recombinant N-terminal GST-tagged NDM-1 (unknown origin) (47 to 270 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) measured immediately by spectrophotometry	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 29	Structure-guided optimization of D-captopril for discovery of potent NDM-1 inhibitors.
AID540212	Mean residence time in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID417975	Inhibition of pig lung ACE at 100 umol/L assessed as enzyme restrain rate	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6	Total synthesis and antihypertensive activity of (+/-)7,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-isochromanone-4.
AID37640	In vitro inhibition of Angiotensin I converting enzyme activity at pH 8.5 in rabbit lung	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 29, Issue:5	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: new orally active 1,4-thiazepine-2,5-diones, 1,4-thiazine-2,5-diones, and 1,4-benzothiazepine-2,5-diones possessing antihypertensive activity.
AID540217	Volume of distribution at steady state in dog after iv administration	2005	Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, Jul, Volume: 94, Issue:7	Extrapolation of human pharmacokinetic parameters from rat, dog, and monkey data: Molecular properties associated with extrapolative success or failure.
AID417973	Acute antihypertensive activity in two-kidney one-clip renal hypertensive rat assessed as reduction in systolic arterial pressure at 25 mg/kg/day	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6	Total synthesis and antihypertensive activity of (+/-)7,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-isochromanone-4.
AID171840	Hypotensive activity in renal hypertensive rats by using tail-cuff method measured as initial BP	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 26, Issue:10	2,3-dihydro-3-(1-pyrryl)spiro[benzofuran-2,4'-piperidine]s and 2,3-dihydro-3-(1-pyrryl)spiro[benzofuran-2,3'-pyrrolidine]s: novel antihypertensive agents.
AID37647	In vitro inhibitory activity against Angiotensin I converting enzyme in rabbit lung, using hippuryl-histidyl-leucine as substrate	1982	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 25, Issue:3	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: importance of the amide carbonyl of mercaptoacyl amino acids for hydrogen bonding to the enzyme.
AID335385	Antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rat assessed as inhibition of angiotensin 1-induced vasopressive response at 0.4 mg/kg, iv after 30 mins	1992	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 55, Issue:5	Inhibition of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme by tetrahydroxyxanthones isolated from Tripterospermum lanceolatum.
AID625288	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID39761	In vitro inhibition of Angiotensin I converting enzyme in Hog plasma	1990	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 33, Issue:6	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. 10. Aryl sulfonamide substituted N-[1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanyl-L-proline derivatives as novel antihypertensives.
AID383259	Antihypertensive effect in anesthetized Wistar rat	2008	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 43, Issue:3	Synthesis and antihypertensive effects of new methylthiomorpholinphenol derivatives.
AID38088	Inhibitory activity against Angiotensin I converting enzyme	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 29, Issue:3	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors as antihypertensive agents: 1-[(2-mercaptocycloalkyl)carbonyl]-L-prolines.
AID1409609	Cytotoxicity of compound against Vero E6 cells by MTT assay.	2020	Nature, 07, Volume: 583, Issue:7816	A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing.
AID1053269	Inhibition of COX-1 (unknown origin) using arachidonic acid as substrate assessed as formation of prostanoid products at 500 uM preincubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 2 mins by Ellman's method relative to control	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-14, Volume: 56, Issue:21	Experimental confirmation of new drug-target interactions predicted by Drug Profile Matching.
AID185623	Inhibition of angiotensin I induced blood pressure in normotensive anesthetized rats at 100 ug/kg (i.v.) for 1.5 min	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 31, Issue:3	Synthesis and biological activity of ketomethylene-containing nonapeptide analogues of snake venom angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
AID1409613	Selectivity ratio: ratio of AUC (viral infection %) of SARS-CoV-2 in the Vero E6 cell line compared to AUC (cytotoxicity %) of compound against Vero E6 cells by MTT assay.	2020	Nature, 07, Volume: 583, Issue:7816	A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing.
AID37948	Time to inhibit maximum Angiotensin I converting enzyme in rabbit lung	1990	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 33, Issue:6	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. 10. Aryl sulfonamide substituted N-[1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanyl-L-proline derivatives as novel antihypertensives.
AID1079933	Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID1451127	Binding affinity to bacterial CoCoNDM-1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as CoCoNDM-1-compound ternary complex formation at 1 equiv by 1H EPR spectroscopic method	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-14, Volume: 60, Issue:17	Dipicolinic Acid Derivatives as Inhibitors of New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase-1.
AID540214	Clearance in rat after iv administration	2005	Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, Jul, Volume: 94, Issue:7	Extrapolation of human pharmacokinetic parameters from rat, dog, and monkey data: Molecular properties associated with extrapolative success or failure.
AID1053267	Inhibition of COX-2 (unknown origin) using arachidonic acid as substrate assessed as formation of prostanoid products preincubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 2 mins by Ellman's method	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-14, Volume: 56, Issue:21	Experimental confirmation of new drug-target interactions predicted by Drug Profile Matching.
AID39750	In vitro inhibitory activity against Angiotensin I converting enzyme from unpurified guinea pig serum	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 28, Issue:9	Synthesis and biological activity of modified peptide inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme.
AID467025	Inhibition of Haemophilus influenzae recombinant DapE by competitive binding assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 19, Issue:22	Inhibitors of bacterial N-succinyl-L,L-diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase (DapE) and demonstration of in vitro antimicrobial activity.
AID1079944	Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID173975	Dose required to lower blood pressure of SHR by 25 mmHg at 4-h post dose p.o.	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 26, Issue:3	(Mercaptopropanoyl)indoline-2-carboxylic acids and related compounds as potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and antihypertensive agents.
AID38853	Compound tested in vitro for inhibition of Angiotensin I converting enzyme	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 32, Issue:7	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: spirapril and related compounds.
AID38243	Evaluation of plasma inhibition of Angiotensin I converting enzyme activity in conscious rat 4 hr after oral administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-22, Volume: 38, Issue:26	New alpha-thiol dipeptide dual inhibitors of angiotensin-I converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase EC 3.4.24.11.
AID182327	% Inhibition of angiotensin-I induced pressor response in normotensive rats after peroral dosing of 1.5 umol/kg	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 31, Issue:6	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Mercaptan, carboxyalkyl dipeptide, and phosphinic acid inhibitors incorporating 4-substituted prolines.
AID39018	Inhibitory activity against angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)	1993	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-06, Volume: 36, Issue:16	Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship of angiotesin-converting enzyme and thermolysin inhibitors. II. A comparison of CoMFA models incorporating molecular orbital fields and desolvation free energies based on active-analog and com
AID1451136	Fluorescence quenching activity assessed as reduction in tryptophan fluorescence up to 32 uM after 30 mins by luminescence spectrometric method	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-14, Volume: 60, Issue:17	Dipicolinic Acid Derivatives as Inhibitors of New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase-1.
AID1676589	Binding affinity to Nickel cation assessed as performance ratio ratio by measuring product of accounting ratio and retention ratio at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID496825	Antimicrobial activity against Leishmania mexicana	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID38849	Inhibition of angiotensin I converting enzyme in silico	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-26, Volume: 40, Issue:20	Validation of EGSITE2, a mixed integer program for deducing objective site models for experimental binding data.
AID540210	Clearance in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1720320	Cardioprotective activity in C57BL/6 mouse model of LAD coronary artery ligation-induced myocardial infarction assessed as reduction in LV chamber area at 100 mg/kg, po and measured after 28 days
AID496817	Antimicrobial activity against Trypanosoma cruzi	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID540219	Volume of distribution at steady state in monkey after iv administration	2005	Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, Jul, Volume: 94, Issue:7	Extrapolation of human pharmacokinetic parameters from rat, dog, and monkey data: Molecular properties associated with extrapolative success or failure.
AID171837	Hypotensive activity in renal hypertensive rats by using tail-cuff method measured as BP on (3/0) day/h postdrug	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 26, Issue:10	2,3-dihydro-3-(1-pyrryl)spiro[benzofuran-2,4'-piperidine]s and 2,3-dihydro-3-(1-pyrryl)spiro[benzofuran-2,3'-pyrrolidine]s: novel antihypertensive agents.
AID597640	Un-competitive inhibition of metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) using benzylpenicillin as substrate by 96-well plate assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 21, Issue:11	The identification of new metallo-β-lactamase inhibitor leads from fragment-based screening.
AID171836	Hypotensive activity in renal hypertensive rats by using tail-cuff method measured as BP on (2/2) day/h postdrug	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 26, Issue:10	2,3-dihydro-3-(1-pyrryl)spiro[benzofuran-2,4'-piperidine]s and 2,3-dihydro-3-(1-pyrryl)spiro[benzofuran-2,3'-pyrrolidine]s: novel antihypertensive agents.
AID37789	Inhibitory activity towards purified rabbit lung Angiotensin I converting enzyme	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-02, Volume: 35, Issue:20	(R)-2-(3-mercapto-2(S)-methyl-1-oxo-propoxy)-3-(methylthio)propanoic acid, the first ultra-short-acting angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor.
AID425197	Antihypertensive activity in anesthetized normotensive cat assessed as mean reduction of diastolic blood pressure at 0.00246 mmol/kg	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 17, Issue:10	ACE inhibitors hypothesis generation for selective design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-mercapto-2-methyl-propanoyl-pyrrolidine-3-imine derivatives as antihypertensive agents.
AID775833	Inhibition of human recombinant MMP-12 using Mca-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Dpa-Ala-Arg-NH2.AcOH as substrate at 10 uM preincubated for 30 mins prior to substrate addition measured for 30 mins by fluorescence assay relative to control	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-24, Volume: 56, Issue:20	Investigating the selectivity of metalloenzyme inhibitors.
AID37963	In vivo inhibitory activity against Angiotensin I converting enzyme was evaluated in renal hypertensive rats	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 28, Issue:8	Synthesis and biological activity of pentapeptide analogues of the potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor 5(S)-benzamido-4-oxo-6-phenylhexanoyl-L-proline.
AID588212	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in rodents	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID362193	Inhibition of ACE	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 18, Issue:16	Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-mercaptoacylproline and N-mercaptoacylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid derivatives as leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitors.
AID29811	Oral bioavailability in human	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13	QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
AID228126	Enzyme kinetic inhibition constant against tripeptide, Hip-His-Leu as substrate	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 23, Issue:12	Synthesis and biological activity of a ketomethylene analogue of a tripeptide inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme.
AID625290	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1254037	Reversible binding affinity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa 301-5473 metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-2 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as association constant measured for 30 secs by SPR analysis	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 58, Issue:21	Discovery of Novel Inhibitor Scaffolds against the Metallo-β-lactamase VIM-2 by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Based Fragment Screening.
AID467030	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli at 20 mg by antibiotic plate assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 19, Issue:22	Inhibitors of bacterial N-succinyl-L,L-diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase (DapE) and demonstration of in vitro antimicrobial activity.
AID362195	Inhibition of human recombinant leukotriene A4 hydrolase	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 18, Issue:16	Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-mercaptoacylproline and N-mercaptoacylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid derivatives as leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitors.
AID1636440	Drug activation in human Hep3B cells assessed as human CYP2D6-mediated drug metabolism-induced cytotoxicity measured as decrease in cell viability at 300 uM pre-incubated with BSO for 18 hrs followed by incubation with compound for 3 hrs in presence of NA	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16	Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
AID1770021	Zinc chelation-dependent inhibition of VIM-2 (unknown origin) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) using nitrocefin as substrate preincubated with enzyme for 5 to 10 mins followed by substrate addition
AID1079942	Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID1770058	Zinc chelation-dependent inhibition of NDM-1 (unknown origin) expressed in Escherichia coli DH5 alpha using meropenem as substrate preincubated with enzyme for 5 mins followed by substrate addition in the presence of zinc sulfate
AID444055	Fraction absorbed in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID184226	In vivo percent inhibition of angiotensin I pressor response 15 min after 1 mg/kg, iv administration in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR)	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: 1-glutarylindoline-2-carboxylic acids derivatives.
AID749003	Inhibition of NDM-1 (unknown origin) using nitrocefin as substrate preincubated 10 mins followed by substrate addition for 20 mins measured on day 2 by trans-absorbance endpoint assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 21, Issue:11	An altered zinc-binding site confers resistance to a covalent inactivator of New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) discovered by high-throughput screening.
AID425653	Renal clearance in human	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15	Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID682758	Inhibition of recombinant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MBL IMP-1 using nitrocefin as substrate preincubated for 20 mins by UV-spectrophotometric analysis	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 22, Issue:19	2-Substituted 4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acids are novel inhibitors of metallo-β-lactamases.
AID383275	Antihypertensive effect in spontaneous hypertensive Wistar rat model assessed as maximum decrease in heart rate per min at 1.0 mg/kg, po after 70 mins	2008	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 43, Issue:3	Synthesis and antihypertensive effects of new methylthiomorpholinphenol derivatives.
AID625277	FDA Liver Toxicity Knowledge Base Benchmark Dataset (LTKB-BD) drugs of less concern for DILI	2011	Drug discovery today, Aug, Volume: 16, Issue:15-16	FDA-approved drug labeling for the study of drug-induced liver injury.
AID383266	Antihypertensive effect in spontaneous hypertensive Wistar rat model assessed as maximum decrease in systolic arterial pressure at 1.0 mg/kg, po after 50 mins	2008	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 43, Issue:3	Synthesis and antihypertensive effects of new methylthiomorpholinphenol derivatives.
AID194994	Mean aortic base line blood pressure in conscious renal 2-kidney/1-clip goldblatt hypertensive rat at a dose 3.0 mg/kg administered orally	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 30, Issue:6	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of potent new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors containing saturated bicyclic amino acids.
AID182331	% Inhibition of angiotensin-I induced pressor response in normotensive rats after peroral dosing of 50 umol/kg	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 31, Issue:6	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Mercaptan, carboxyalkyl dipeptide, and phosphinic acid inhibitors incorporating 4-substituted prolines.
AID37788	In vitro inhibition of Angiotensin I converting enzyme relative to captopril(=1)	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 31, Issue:4	Synthesis and pharmacological activity of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: N-(mercaptoacyl)-4-substituted-(S)-prolines.
AID1576709	Inhibition of beta lactamase NDM1 in Escherichia coli BAA-2452 assessed as potentiation of meropenem-induced antibacterial activity by measuring meropenem MIC at 50 uM after 16 to 20 hrs by broth microdilution assay (Rvb = 32 ug/ml)
AID1228660	Inhibition of ACE (unknown origin) using 3-Hydroxybutylyl-Gly-Gly-Gly substrate assessed as reduction in 3-Hyroxybutylic acid generation incubated for 1 hr by colorimetric assay	2015	Journal of natural products, May-22, Volume: 78, Issue:5	Top-down Targeted Metabolomics Reveals a Sulfur-Containing Metabolite with Inhibitory Activity against Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in Asparagus officinalis.
AID444050	Fraction unbound in human plasma	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID263159	Antihypertrophic activity in Wistar rat at 21.3 mg/kg, ip	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-20, Volume: 49, Issue:8	New NO-releasing pharmacodynamic hybrids of losartan and its active metabolite: design, synthesis, and biopharmacological properties.
AID1350116	Inhibition of ACE (unknown origin) using hippuryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine as substrate preincubated with substrate for 30 mins followed by enzyme addition measured after 30 mins by LC/MS analysis	2018	Journal of natural products, 02-23, Volume: 81, Issue:2	Metabolomics-Guided Discovery of Microginin Peptides from Cultures of the Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa.
AID404304	Effect on human MRP2-mediated estradiol-17-beta-glucuronide transport in Sf9 cells inverted membrane vesicles relative to control	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Prediction and identification of drug interactions with the human ATP-binding cassette transporter multidrug-resistance associated protein 2 (MRP2; ABCC2).
AID496824	Antimicrobial activity against Toxoplasma gondii	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID37669	In vitro inhibitory activity against rabbit lung Angiotensin I converting enzyme at pH 8.3	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 28, Issue:1	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. New orally active antihypertensive (mercaptoalkanoyl)- and [(acylthio)alkanoyl]glycine derivatives.
AID588213	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in non-rodents	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1451129	Binding affinity to bacterial CoCoNDM-1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as CoCoNDM-1-compound ternary complex formation at 1 to 2 equiv after 30 mins by UV-Visible spectroscopic method	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-14, Volume: 60, Issue:17	Dipicolinic Acid Derivatives as Inhibitors of New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase-1.
AID59373	Peroral dose required to inhibit angiotensin I induced vasopressor response in normotensive conscious dogs	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 28, Issue:1	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. New orally active antihypertensive (mercaptoalkanoyl)- and [(acylthio)alkanoyl]glycine derivatives.
AID39759	Time during which Angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibition is greater than or equal to 30% in Hog plasma	1990	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 33, Issue:6	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. 10. Aryl sulfonamide substituted N-[1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanyl-L-proline derivatives as novel antihypertensives.
AID588209	Literature-mined public compounds from Greene et al multi-species hepatotoxicity modelling dataset	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jul-19, Volume: 23, Issue:7	Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity.
AID39461	The time to 50% recovery of the angiotensin I response was measured after po administration at 0.15 mg/kg	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 29, Issue:5	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: new orally active 1,4-thiazepine-2,5-diones, 1,4-thiazine-2,5-diones, and 1,4-benzothiazepine-2,5-diones possessing antihypertensive activity.
AID1636356	Drug activation in human Hep3B cells assessed as human CYP2C9-mediated drug metabolism-induced cytotoxicity measured as decrease in cell viability at 300 uM pre-incubated with BSO for 18 hrs followed by incubation with compound for 3 hrs in presence of NA	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16	Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
AID625291	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1676597	Binding affinity to cupric ion assessed as performance ratio ratio by measuring product of accounting ratio and retention ratio at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID699539	Inhibition of human liver OATP1B1 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in E17-betaG uptake at 20 uM by scintillation counting	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 55, Issue:10	Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
AID1079940	Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID1473738	Inhibition of human BSEP overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-taurocholate in presence of ATP measured after 15 to 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay	2013	Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1	A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID37964	Inhibition of Angiotensin I converting enzyme in normotensive rat	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 31, Issue:3	Synthesis and biological activity of ketomethylene-containing nonapeptide analogues of snake venom angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
AID186564	Compound was evaluated for maximum effect in hypertensive rats by peroral administration at a dose of 3.0 mg/kg	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 28, Issue:8	Synthesis and biological activity of pentapeptide analogues of the potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor 5(S)-benzamido-4-oxo-6-phenylhexanoyl-L-proline.
AID682115	TP_TRANSPORTER: trans-stimulation of Sulpiride uptake (Sulpiride: 100 uM, Captopril: 1000 uM) in Caco-2 cells	2002	Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin, Jul, Volume: 25, Issue:7	Studies on intestinal absorption of sulpiride (1): carrier-mediated uptake of sulpiride in the human intestinal cell line Caco-2.
AID169781	Time required after administration of 0.03 mg/kg of compound po, for the AI response to return to 70% of the pretreatment control response	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8	Novel synthesis of (S)-1-[5-(benzoylamino)-1,4-dioxo-6-phenylhexyl]-L-proline and analogues: potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
AID488217	Antihypertensive activity in SHR rat assessed as moderate decrease in systolic blood pressure at 30 mg/kg, po after 6 hrs	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 18, Issue:11	Synthesis, vasorelaxant activity and antihypertensive effect of benzo[d]imidazole derivatives.
AID335375	Antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rat assessed as inhibition of angiotensin 1-induced vasopressive response at 0.4 mg/kg, iv after 10 mins	1992	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 55, Issue:5	Inhibition of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme by tetrahydroxyxanthones isolated from Tripterospermum lanceolatum.
AID496820	Antimicrobial activity against Trypanosoma brucei	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID194991	Mean aortic base line blood pressure in conscious renal 2-kidney/1-clip goldblatt hypertensive rat at a dose 0.3 mg/kg administered orally	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 30, Issue:6	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of potent new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors containing saturated bicyclic amino acids.
AID1451122	Binding affinity to bacterial CoCoNDM-1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as CoCoNDM-1-compound ternary complex formation at 3 to 5 equiv by 1H NMR spectroscopic method	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-14, Volume: 60, Issue:17	Dipicolinic Acid Derivatives as Inhibitors of New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase-1.
AID496826	Antimicrobial activity against Entamoeba histolytica	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID1537623	Antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive Wistar kyoto rat assessed as reduction in systolic arterial pressure at 10 mg/kg, ip administered for 6 hrs and measured every 30 mins post treatment by tail-cuff method	2019	MedChemComm, May-01, Volume: 10, Issue:5	Toxicities and beneficial protection of H
AID37939	In vivo inhibition of Angiotensin I converting enzyme in rabbit lung after (po) administration of a dose of 10(mg/kg)	1990	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 33, Issue:6	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. 10. Aryl sulfonamide substituted N-[1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanyl-L-proline derivatives as novel antihypertensives.
AID362194	Selectivity for guinea pig lung leukotriene A4 hydrolase over ACE	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 18, Issue:16	Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-mercaptoacylproline and N-mercaptoacylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid derivatives as leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitors.
AID383268	Antihypertensive effect in spontaneous hypertensive Wistar rat model assessed as maximum decrease in diastolic arterial pressure at 1.0 mg/kg, po after 100 mins	2008	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 43, Issue:3	Synthesis and antihypertensive effects of new methylthiomorpholinphenol derivatives.
AID540216	Clearance in dog after iv administration	2005	Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, Jul, Volume: 94, Issue:7	Extrapolation of human pharmacokinetic parameters from rat, dog, and monkey data: Molecular properties associated with extrapolative success or failure.
AID1409611	AUC (cytotoxicity %) of compound against Vero E6 cells by MTT assay.	2020	Nature, 07, Volume: 583, Issue:7816	A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing.
AID588211	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in humans	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1488474	Inhibition of recombinant human ACE at 1 uM using Mca-R-P-PG-F-S-A-F-K(Dnp)-OH as substrate measured every 2 mins for 8 mins by fluorescence assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 27, Issue:16	Discovery of a potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor via virtual screening.
AID335384	Antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rat assessed as inhibition of angiotensin 1-induced vasopressive response at 0.04 mg/kg, iv after 30 mins	1992	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 55, Issue:5	Inhibition of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme by tetrahydroxyxanthones isolated from Tripterospermum lanceolatum.
AID417977	Inhibition of pig lung ACE at 1 umol/L assessed as enzyme restrain rate	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6	Total synthesis and antihypertensive activity of (+/-)7,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-isochromanone-4.
AID775832	Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase 2 assessed as p-nitrophenyl acetate conversion to p-nitrophenolate anion at 10 uM preincubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition measured for 20 mins by spectrophotometric analysis relative to control	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-24, Volume: 56, Issue:20	Investigating the selectivity of metalloenzyme inhibitors.
AID194384	Change in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) after 20 mg/kg (po) dosage in Aorta-Coated renal hypertensive rat at 2.0 h	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 26, Issue:3	Antihypertensive agents: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. 1-[3-(Acylthio)-3-aroylpropionyl]-L-prolines.
AID194383	Change in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) after 20 mg/kg (po) dosage in Aorta-Coated renal hypertensive rat at 0.5 h	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 26, Issue:3	Antihypertensive agents: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. 1-[3-(Acylthio)-3-aroylpropionyl]-L-prolines.
AID197734	% Inhibition of angiotensin-I induced pressor response in normotensive rats after intravenous dosing of 5 umol/kg	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 31, Issue:6	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Mercaptan, carboxyalkyl dipeptide, and phosphinic acid inhibitors incorporating 4-substituted prolines.
AID1676600	Binding affinity to zinc ion assessed as accounting ratio by measuring total compound detected/total compound adsorbed at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID1676590	Binding affinity to Nickel cation assessed as retention ratio by measuring compound detected in elution fraction/total compound detected at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID444053	Renal clearance in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID496827	Antimicrobial activity against Leishmania amazonensis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID1636357	Drug activation in human Hep3B cells assessed as human CYP3A4-mediated drug metabolism-induced cytotoxicity measured as decrease in cell viability at 300 uM pre-incubated with BSO for 18 hrs followed by incubation with compound for 3 hrs in presence of NA	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16	Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
AID1322073	Binding affinity to human C-terminal his6-tagged/N-terminal T7 gene leader sequence-tagged LTA4H at 15 degC by ITC method	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-01, Volume: 24, Issue:21	Thermodynamic properties of leukotriene A
AID1770022	Zinc chelation-dependent inhibition of IMP-4 (unknown origin) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) using imipenem as substrate preincubated with enzyme for 5 to 10 mins followed by substrate addition
AID37660	In vitro inhibition of angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE)	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: 1-glutarylindoline-2-carboxylic acids derivatives.
AID1473740	Inhibition of human MRP3 overexpressed in Sf9 insect cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 10 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay	2013	Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1	A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID182322	% Inhibition of angiotensin-I induced pressor response in normotensive rats after intravenous dosing of 0.5 umol/kg	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 31, Issue:6	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Mercaptan, carboxyalkyl dipeptide, and phosphinic acid inhibitors incorporating 4-substituted prolines.
AID37962	In vitro inhibitory activity against angiotensin I converting enzyme of rats.	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 31, Issue:6	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Mercaptan, carboxyalkyl dipeptide, and phosphinic acid inhibitors incorporating 4-substituted prolines.
AID37635	Compound is evaluated for the inhibition of porcine plasma Angiotensin I converting enzyme	1980	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 23, Issue:12	Synthesis and biological activity of a ketomethylene analogue of a tripeptide inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme.
AID1322071	Binding affinity to human C-terminal His6-tagged/N-terminal T7 gene leader sequence-tagged LTA4H assessed as change in melting temperature at 500 uM by sypro orange dye based differential scanning fluorimetric analysis	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-01, Volume: 24, Issue:21	Thermodynamic properties of leukotriene A
AID254702	Inhibitory concentration against neutral endopeptidase	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-20, Volume: 48, Issue:21	Designed multiple ligands. An emerging drug discovery paradigm.
AID496818	Antimicrobial activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID597696	Competitive inhibition of metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) using penicillin G as substrate by 96-well plate assay	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 21, Issue:11	The identification of new metallo-β-lactamase inhibitor leads from fragment-based screening.
AID186261	Maximum inhibition of the angiotensin I challenge at 3 mg/kg, po, in conscious, normotensive rats	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8	Novel synthesis of (S)-1-[5-(benzoylamino)-1,4-dioxo-6-phenylhexyl]-L-proline and analogues: potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
AID185640	Inhibition of angiotensin I induced blood pressure in normotensive anesthetized rats at 30 ug/kg (i.v.) for 1.5 min	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 31, Issue:3	Synthesis and biological activity of ketomethylene-containing nonapeptide analogues of snake venom angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
AID1322070	Competitive inhibition of human C-terminal his6-tagged/N-terminal T7 gene leader sequence-tagged LTA4H using varying levels of L-arginine-7-amino-4-Methylcoumarine as substrate preincubated for 30 mins followed by substrate addition measured for 30 mins b	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 11-01, Volume: 24, Issue:21	Thermodynamic properties of leukotriene A
AID38569	Compound was tested for plasma inhibition of Angiotensin I converting enzyme activity in the conscious rat. Expressed as Inhibition of AI pressor response at 4 hr at a dose of 10 mg/kg po	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-02, Volume: 39, Issue:16	Mercaptoacyl dipeptides as orally active dual inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase.
AID496828	Antimicrobial activity against Leishmania donovani	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID1451135	Binding affinity to bacterial NDM-1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as increase in intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence up to 32 uM after 30 mins by luminescence spectrometric method relative to control	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-14, Volume: 60, Issue:17	Dipicolinic Acid Derivatives as Inhibitors of New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase-1.
AID22293	Delta logD (logD6.5 - logD7.4)	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13	QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
AID174398	% decrease in mean arterial pressure in conscious renal hypertensive rats at a dose of 3 mg/Kg, administered perorally at MAP 190 mm Hg	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 28, Issue:9	Synthesis and biological activity of modified peptide inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme.
AID444056	Fraction escaping gut-wall elimination in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID185625	Inhibition of angiotensin I induced blood pressure in normotensive anesthetized rats at 100 ug/kg (i.v.) for 30 min	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 31, Issue:3	Synthesis and biological activity of ketomethylene-containing nonapeptide analogues of snake venom angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
AID1676596	Binding affinity to Ferric ion assessed as retention ratio by measuring compound detected in elution fraction/total compound detected at 2.55 umol by immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20	Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography as a Drug Discovery Platform for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors.
AID1053273	Inhibition of COX-1 (unknown origin) using arachidonic acid as substrate assessed as formation of prostanoid products preincubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 2 mins by Ellman's method	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-14, Volume: 56, Issue:21	Experimental confirmation of new drug-target interactions predicted by Drug Profile Matching.
AID186537	Maximum change aortic blood pressure in conscious renal (1clip/2kidney) hypertensive rats at dose 0.3 mg/kg administered orally at 2 hr.	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 29, Issue:10	Synthesis of novel angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor quinapril and related compounds. A divergence of structure-activity relationships for non-sulfhydryl and sulfhydryl types.
AID1853384	Inhibition of recombinant Escherichia coli NDM-1	2021	RSC medicinal chemistry, Oct-20, Volume: 12, Issue:10
AID185624	Inhibition of angiotensin I induced blood pressure in normotensive anesthetized rats at 100 ug/kg (i.v.) for 10 min	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 31, Issue:3	Synthesis and biological activity of ketomethylene-containing nonapeptide analogues of snake venom angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
AID1079947	Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID22550	Half-life (hydrolysis) in human blood	1992	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-02, Volume: 35, Issue:20	(R)-2-(3-mercapto-2(S)-methyl-1-oxo-propoxy)-3-(methylthio)propanoic acid, the first ultra-short-acting angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor.
AID194491	Maximal change in blood pressure recorded during the 4-day test period in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR)	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: N-substituted monocyclic and bicyclic amino acid derivatives.
AID362191	Inhibition of guinea pig lung leukotriene A4 hydrolase at 1 mM	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 18, Issue:16	Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-mercaptoacylproline and N-mercaptoacylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid derivatives as leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitors.
AID1079932	Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID1720322	Cardioprotective activity in C57BL/6 mouse model of LAD coronary artery ligation-induced myocardial infarction assessed as reduction in heart weight at 100 mg/kg, po and measured after 28 days
AID182320	% Inhibition of angiotensin-I induced pressor response in normotensive rats after intravenous dosing of 0.05 umol/kg	1988	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 31, Issue:6	Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Mercaptan, carboxyalkyl dipeptide, and phosphinic acid inhibitors incorporating 4-substituted prolines.
AID182804	Dose required to inhibit 50% of the angiotensin I induced vasopressor response p.o.	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 26, Issue:3	(Mercaptopropanoyl)indoline-2-carboxylic acids and related compounds as potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and antihypertensive agents.
AID38244	Evaluation of plasma inhibition of Angiotensin I converting enzyme activity in conscious rat 6 hour after oral administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-22, Volume: 38, Issue:26	New alpha-thiol dipeptide dual inhibitors of angiotensin-I converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase EC 3.4.24.11.
AID1079931	Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID194498	Maximum effect of 0.3 mg/kg of compound administered orally on mean aortic blood pressure in the conscious renal hypertensive rat	1981	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 24, Issue:8	Novel synthesis of (S)-1-[5-(benzoylamino)-1,4-dioxo-6-phenylhexyl]-L-proline and analogues: potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
AID1053268	Inhibition of COX-2 (unknown origin) using arachidonic acid as substrate assessed as formation of prostanoid products at 500 uM preincubated for 10 mins prior to substrate addition measured after 2 mins by Ellman's method relative to control	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-14, Volume: 56, Issue:21	Experimental confirmation of new drug-target interactions predicted by Drug Profile Matching.
AID417974	Acute antihypertensive activity in two-kidney one-clip renal hypertensive rat assessed as reduction in diastolic arterial pressure at 25 mg/kg/day	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6	Total synthesis and antihypertensive activity of (+/-)7,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-isochromanone-4.
AID362192	Inhibition of guinea pig lung leukotriene A4 hydrolase	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 18, Issue:16	Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-mercaptoacylproline and N-mercaptoacylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid derivatives as leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitors.
AID183224	Inhibition of blood pressure increase produced by iv injection of angiotensin I in conscious normotensive rats at a dose of 3 mg/kg	1982	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 25, Issue:11	Derivatives of the potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor 5(S)-benzamido-4-oxo-6-phenylhexanoyl-L-proline: effect of changes at positions 2 and 5 of the hexanoic acid portion.
AID496830	Antimicrobial activity against Leishmania major	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID169774	Angiotensin I(AI) response to return to 70% of the pretreatment control response was determined at a dose of 0.3mg/kg, po	1982	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 25, Issue:11	Derivatives of the potent angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor 5(S)-benzamido-4-oxo-6-phenylhexanoyl-L-proline: effect of changes at positions 2 and 5 of the hexanoic acid portion.
AID1409607	IC50 for antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in the Vero E6 cell line at 48 h by immunofluorescence-based assay (detecting the viral NP protein in the nucleus of the Vero E6 cells).	2020	Nature, 07, Volume: 583, Issue:7816	A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing.
AID417979	Inhibition of pig lung ACE at 10 nmol/L assessed as enzyme restrain rate	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6	Total synthesis and antihypertensive activity of (+/-)7,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-isochromanone-4.
AID192517	Percent inhibition of angiotensin I pressor response 15 min after 0.3 mg/kg, iv administration in SHR	1983	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: 1-glutarylindoline-2-carboxylic acids derivatives.
AID699540	Inhibition of human liver OATP1B3 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in [3H]E17-betaG uptake at 20 uM incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counting	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 55, Issue:10	Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1159607	Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction	2016	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID540299	A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21	Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID588519	A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities	2011	Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3	High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.
AID504812	Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588461	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, Validation compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588461	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, Validation compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588461	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, Validation compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588460	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, Validation Compound Set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588460	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, Validation Compound Set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588460	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, Validation Compound Set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588459	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, Validation compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588459	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, Validation compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588459	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, Validation compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504810	Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1347057	CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - LANCE assay qHTS validation	2019	PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7	Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347049	Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot screen	2019	Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500	Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1347405	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS LOPAC collection	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347058	CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - HTRF assay qHTS validation	2019	PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7	Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347045	Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot counterscreen GloSensor control cell line	2019	Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500	Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID588378	qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation
AID504836	Inducers of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response (ERSR) in human glioma: Validation	2002	The Journal of biological chemistry, Apr-19, Volume: 277, Issue:16	Sustained ER Ca2+ depletion suppresses protein synthesis and induces activation-enhanced cell death in mast cells.
AID1347059	CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - Alpha assay qHTS validation	2019	PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7	Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	3785 (39.04)	18.7374
1990's	3396 (35.03)	18.2507
2000's	1500 (15.47)	29.6817
2010's	808 (8.33)	24.3611
2020's	206 (2.12)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	1,514 (14.67%)	5.53%
Reviews	543 (5.26%)	6.00%
Case Studies	878 (8.51%)	4.05%
Observational	5 (0.05%)	0.25%
Other	7,380 (71.51%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Phase II Randomized Trial With Captopril In Patients Who Have Received Radiation Therapy +/- Chemotherapy For Stage II-IIIB Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Stage I Central Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Or Limited-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer [NCT00077064]	Phase 2	81 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-06-30	Terminated(stopped due to Due to unmet accrual/randomization goals)
Prevention of Chemotherapy Induced Cardiotoxicity in Children With Bone Tumors and Acute Myeloid Leukemia [NCT03389724]	Phase 3	245 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-11-14	Completed
Effect of Telmisartan and Captopril on Systemic Inflammation of Patients on Hemodialysis [NCT01271478]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-08-31	Completed
Contribution of Angiotensin II to Supine Hypertension in Autonomic Failure [NCT01292694]	Phase 1	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-03-31	Terminated(stopped due to Could not enroll enough participants, and lost funding.)
Efficacy and Safety of Roselle in Patients With Grade 1 Essential Hypertension: A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Active-Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT06141200]	Phase 3	286 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-03-31	Not yet recruiting
LC-MS/MS-specific Cutoffs for Screening and Confirmatory Testing of Primary Aldosteronism: A Multi-center Study [NCT05959863]		300 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2023-08-30	Recruiting
Prediction and Prevention of Asymptomatic Cardiovascular Insult in Type 1 Diabetic Children: Comparative Effectiveness of Cardio-protective Drugs [NCT03660293]		150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-04-01	Completed
Matão Controlling Hypertension (MatCH Study): Rationale and Design. Project to Reduce Incidence of Arterial Hypertension in City of Matão, Brazil. [NCT03147092]	Early Phase 1	15,000 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-02-01	Not yet recruiting
EARLY Risk Stratification in CardioMYOpathies With Unknown Etiology for Heart Failure [NCT02941315]	Phase 1	150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-12-01	Completed
Case Detection and Confirmation, Subtype Classification of Patients With Primary Aldosteronism [NCT03500120]		200 participants (Actual)	Observational	2017-09-01	Completed
Open-label, Multicenter, Multinational, Interventional Clinical Trial to Assess Effectiveness and SAfety of the Extemporaneous Combination of Nebivolol and Zofenopril Calcium in Grade 1 to 2 Hypertensive patIents Versus Each mOnotherapy [NCT05257148]	Phase 4	296 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-04-28	Completed
Phase III Study of Captopril in Patients Undergoing Autologous Bone Marrow/Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT00004230]	Phase 3	35 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1999-10-31	Completed
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Captopril Versus Propranolol and Timolol as a Treatment of Infantile Capillary Hemangioma [NCT04288700]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-10-01	Recruiting
A Randomised, Single Blind, Multicentre, 9-month, Phase IV Study, Comparing Treatment Guided by Clinical Symptoms and Signs and NT-proBNP vs Treatment Guided by Clinical Symptoms and Signs Alone, in Patients With Heart Failure (HF) and Left Ventricular Sy [NCT00391846]	Phase 4	252 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-10-31	Completed
Randomized, Embedded, Multifactorial Adaptive Platform Trial for Community- Acquired Pneumonia [NCT02735707]	Phase 3	10,000 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-04-11	Recruiting
Association Between Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor or Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Use and COVID-19 Severity and Mortality Among US Veterans [NCT04467931]		22,213 participants (Actual)	Observational	2020-01-19	Completed
An Open-label, Randomized, Parallel-group Study to Evaluate the Acute and Steady-state Renal Hemodynamic Responses to Aliskiren in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT00660309]	Phase 4	45 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-04-30	Completed
NT-proBNP Selected PreventiOn of Cardiac eveNts in a populaTion of dIabetic Patients Without A History of Cardiac Disease: a Prospective Randomized Trial [NCT02817360]	Phase 4	2,400 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-02-29	Recruiting
Rapid Versus Prolonged Inpatient Up-Titration of Captopril: A Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT00742040]	Phase 2	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2008-08-31	Recruiting
Captopril Versus Atenolol to Prevent Expansion Rate of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms [NCT04224675]		424 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-03-07	Not yet recruiting
[NCT00917345]		150 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2008-01-31	Recruiting
Efficacy of Aerosol Combination Therapy of 13 Cis Retinoic Acid and Captopril for Treating Covid-19 Patients Via Indirect Inhibition of Transmembrane Protease, Serine 2 (TMPRSS2) [NCT04578236]	Phase 2	360 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-11-30	Not yet recruiting
A Randomized, Open-label, Positive Drug Controlled Clinical Trials to Compare the Efficacy of Nitrendipine and Hydrochlorothiazide , Captopril Plus Hydrochlorothiazide and Beijing Hypotensive No.0 in Tibetan Hypertension [NCT02217852]	Phase 4	800 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-08-31	Not yet recruiting
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A STAGED MANAGEMENT PROGRAM AIMED AT CONTROLLING BLOOD PRESSURE AND BLOOD GLUCOSE OF TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS USING EXCLUSIVELY THE RESOURCES AVAILABLE IN A PRIMARY CARE SETTING IN BRAZIL [NCT00935805]		124 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2006-07-31	Active, not recruiting
Phase 2 Trial of Effect of Combine Pentoxifylline and Captopril on Proteinuria in Diabetic Nephropathy [NCT00663949]	Phase 2/Phase 3	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-02-28	Completed
A Proof-of-concept Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety of the Coordinated Undermining of Survival Paths by 9 Repurposed Drugs Combined With Metronomic Temozolomide (CUSP9v3 Treatment Protocol) for Recurrent Glioblastoma [NCT02770378]	Phase 1/Phase 2	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-11-30	Completed
Rationale and Design of a Simple Randomized Trial Evaluating Comparative Effects of Perindopril and Zofenopril in Blacks Hypertensive Patients: Short Term Effects on Cardiac and Oxidative Status With Perindopril or Zofenopril (PEZO-HP) Trial [NCT04254042]	Phase 4	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-10-01	Completed
Phase I/II Prospective Trial Investigating the Safety and Efficacy of Captopril Use on the Degree of Marrow Fibrosis in Patients With Primary or Secondary Bone Marrow Fibrosis/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms [NCT04629651]	Phase 1/Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2024-04-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to PI discretion)
[NCT00155064]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2002-07-31	Completed
Renal Oxygen Content is Increased in Healthy Subjects After Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition [NCT01545479]	Phase 4	5 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-01-31	Completed
The Pathophysiology and Treatment of Supine Hypertension in Patients With Autonomic Failure [NCT00223717]	Phase 1	152 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-01-31	Completed
Chronic Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Intermediate Risk Surgery: A Randomized, Single-Blinded Study [NCT01669434]	Phase 4	291 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-06-01	Completed
Official Title: Spironolactone Combined With Captopril and Carvedilol for the Treatment of Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated With Congenital Heart Disease-Focus on Pulmonary Artery Remodeling [NCT00240656]	Phase 1	0 participants	Interventional	2005-10-31	Completed
Acute Haemodynamic Effects of Treatment With ACE-Inhibitors in Patients With Symptomatic Aortic Stenosis (ACCESS) [NCT00252317]	Phase 4	64 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2005-11-30	Recruiting
Eye Blood Flow and the Kidney [NCT01626469]	Phase 1/Phase 2	24 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-05-31	Recruiting
Randomized Clinical Trial for Effectiveness of Clonidine Versus Captopril for Treatment of Postpartum Very High Blood Pressure [NCT01761916]	Phase 4	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-01-31	Completed
A Multicentric Open-label Randomized Controlled Study for Evaluating the Improvement of Endothelial Function in Stage II Peripheral Arterial Obstructive Disease Patients Treated With Sulodexide + Conventional Treatment {CT] Vs CT Alone [NCT03370705]	Phase 3	156 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-01-31	Active, not recruiting
Is There a Benefit to Optimize HF (Heart Failure) Treatment in Aged Over 80 Year's Old Patients? [NCT01437371]	Phase 3	35 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-08-31	Completed
A Prospective Controlled Study for the Treatment Effect of Different Intervention Strategies for Pediatric Mitral Regurgitation--A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study of Innovative Drug Therapy in Improving Left Ventricular Function After Mitral Repair [NCT06039592]		164 participants (Anticipated)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2022-04-01	Recruiting
A Comprehensive Research of Pediatric Heart Failure--A Prospective Cohort Study of Drug Therapy for Pediatric Heart Failure [NCT06039540]		200 participants (Anticipated)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2022-01-01	Recruiting
A Prospective Controlled Study for the Treatment Effect of Different Intervention Strategies for Pediatric Mitral Regurgitation--A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study of Innovative Drug Therapy for Pediatric Mitral Regurgitation [NCT06037434]		122 participants (Anticipated)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2022-04-01	Recruiting
The CORONAvirus Disease 2019 Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor/Angiotensin Receptor Blocker InvestigatiON (CORONACION) Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT04330300]	Phase 4	2,414 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-04-30	Suspended(stopped due to Challenges with funding and very low incidence of COVID-19 at Irish study site)
Hormone Therapy and Angiotensin-Dependent Arterial and Renal [NCT05442463]		200 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2020-11-30	Recruiting
The Role of TGF-β in Abdominal Radiation Injury and Taking Medicine to Block TGF-β for Protecting Normal Organization [NCT03613506]	Phase 2	226 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-10-25	Recruiting
Phase I/II Trial of In Vivo Angiostatin Generation With Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) and Captopril in Patients With Progressive, Metastatic Cancer [NCT00086723]	Phase 1/Phase 2	0 participants	Interventional	2003-07-31	Completed
Efficacy of Captopril Nebulization in Covid-19 Patients Suffering of SARS CoV-2 Pneumonia. A Randomized Phase II Study [NCT04355429]	Phase 2	230 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-05-05	Not yet recruiting
The Effectiveness of Autologous Mono Nuclear Cells in the Treatment of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Children [NCT04893629]		22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-05-20	Completed
Comparative Effecacy of Metformin and Vildagliptin on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Metabolic Syndrome, and Diabetic Nephropathy Progression [NCT04485845]	Phase 4	39 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-11-01	Recruiting
Radiofrequency Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation in Advanced Chronic Heart Failure [NCT00292162]		41 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-01-31	Completed
An Open-label, Randomized Three Period, Three Sequence, Partially Replicated Crossover Bioequivalence Study of Two Oral Formulations of Captopril 50 mg Film Coated Tablets in Healthy Adult Participants Under Fasting Conditions [NCT04878315]	Phase 1	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-02-13	Withdrawn(stopped due to Internal sponsor decision to terminate project prematurely based on a waiver granted by Egypt EDA (Egyptian drug authority). No subjects were enrolled.)
The Standardized and Economical Mode for the Prevention and Management of Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases: Matrix System From Rural Shaanxi ( MATRIX ) Ⅰ [NCT04371874]		1,210 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-01-31	Completed
Randomized Trial of ACEIs in Treatment of COVID-19 [NCT04345406]	Phase 3	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-04-15	Not yet recruiting
Peripheral Vascular Effects of Sulfhydryl-containing Antihypertensive Pharmacotherapy on Microvascular Function and Vessel Remodeling in Hypertensive Humans [NCT03179163]	Phase 1/Phase 2	46 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-07-20	Terminated(stopped due to COVID shut down human subjects research and then the grant funding expired)
Comparison of Saline Infusion Test, Captopril Challenge Test, and Oral Sodium Loading Test in the Diagnosis of Primary Aldosteronism [NCT04193137]		200 participants (Actual)	Observational	2019-11-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial	Outcome
NCT00077064 (3) [back to overview]	Correlation of Quality of Life With Late Effects as Measured by European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) C-30 or EORTC Lung Cancer Module (LC-13)
NCT00077064 (3) [back to overview]	Incidence of Therapy-induced Lung Toxicity
NCT00077064 (3) [back to overview]	Persistence of Pulmonary Toxicity at 2 Years After Completion of Study Treatment
NCT00292162 (6) [back to overview]	Baseline Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
NCT00292162 (6) [back to overview]	Change in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)%
NCT00292162 (6) [back to overview]	Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)at 6 Months
NCT00292162 (6) [back to overview]	Plasma B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
NCT00292162 (6) [back to overview]	Plasma B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) at 6 Months
NCT00292162 (6) [back to overview]	Plasma B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) at Baseline
NCT00391846 (8) [back to overview]	Changes in Health-related Quality of Life
NCT00391846 (8) [back to overview]	Changes in Heart Failure Symptoms
NCT00391846 (8) [back to overview]	Changes in NT-proBNP Values Over Time in All Patients
NCT00391846 (8) [back to overview]	Composite Value of 3 Variables After 9 Months: Cardiovascular Death (Days Alive), Cardiovascular Hospitalization (Days Out of Hospital), Heart Failure Symptoms (Symptom Score Subset of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire - Questions 3,5,7,9)
NCT00391846 (8) [back to overview]	Discontinuations
NCT00391846 (8) [back to overview]	Number of CV Deaths
NCT00391846 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Days in Hospital for CV Reason
NCT00391846 (8) [back to overview]	Total Number of Titration Steps in Prescribed Heart Failure Treatment
NCT00660309 (17) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) After a Single Dose of Aliskiren or Irbesartan
NCT00660309 (17) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) After a Single Dose of Captopril
NCT00660309 (17) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Renal Plasma Flow (RPF) After a Single Dose of Aliskiren or Irbesartan
NCT00660309 (17) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Renal Plasma Flow (RPF) After a Single Dose of Captopril
NCT00660309 (17) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Steady State Peak in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) After Aliskiren or Irbesartan
NCT00660309 (17) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Steady State Peak in Renal Plasma Flow (RPF) After Aliskiren or Irbesartan
NCT00660309 (17) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Steady State Trough in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) After Aliskiren or Irbesartan
NCT00660309 (17) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Steady State Trough in Renal Plasma Flow (RPF) After Aliskiren or Irbesartan
NCT00660309 (17) [back to overview]	Change From Single Dose Peak to Steady State Peak in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) After Aliskiren or Irbesartan
NCT00660309 (17) [back to overview]	Change in Plasma Renin Concentration (PRC) After Captopril, Aliskiren or Irbesartan
NCT00660309 (17) [back to overview]	Change in Serum Aldosterone After Captopril, Aliskiren or Irbesartan
NCT00660309 (17) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Retinal Blood Flow After Aliskiren or Irbesartan
NCT00660309 (17) [back to overview]	Change in Plasma Angiotensin I After Captopril, Aliskiren or Irbesartan
NCT00660309 (17) [back to overview]	Change in Plasma Angiotensin II After Captopril, Aliskiren or Irbesartan
NCT00660309 (17) [back to overview]	Change in Plasma Pro-renin Concentration After Captopril, Aliskiren or Irbesartan
NCT00660309 (17) [back to overview]	Change in Plasma Renin Activity (PRA) After Captopril, Aliskiren or Irbesartan
NCT00660309 (17) [back to overview]	Change From Single Dose Peak to Steady State Peak in Renal Plasma Flow (RPF) After Aliskiren or Irbesartan
NCT01669434 (6) [back to overview]	Acute Renal Failure
NCT01669434 (6) [back to overview]	Low Blood Pressure Subgroup
NCT01669434 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Interoperative Hypotension
NCT01669434 (6) [back to overview]	Older Age Subgroup
NCT01669434 (6) [back to overview]	Postoperative Hypertension
NCT01669434 (6) [back to overview]	Postoperative Hypotension

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Clinical Observation	NA

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Observation	23
Captopril	14

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Clinical Observation	0
Captopril	0

Intervention	percentage of blood ejected in one beat (Mean)
Medical Therapy	43
Radiofrequency Ablation	36

Intervention	percentage of blood ejected in one beat (Mean)
Medical Therapy	2.8
Radiofrequency Ablation	4.5

Intervention	percentage of blood ejected in one beat (Mean)
Medical Therapy	46
Radiofrequency Ablation	41

Intervention	picograms per millilitre (Mean)
Medical Therapy	85
Radiofrequency Ablation	-196

Intervention	picograms per millilitre (Mean)
Medical Therapy	1931
Radiofrequency Ablation	2354

Intervention	picograms per millilitre (Mean)
Medical Therapy	1846
Radiofrequency Ablation	2550

Intervention	KCCQ overall score (Mean)
Guided by NT-proBNP	1.739
Not Guided by NT-proBNP	3.172

Intervention	Categorial scale (Mean)
Guided by NT-proBNP	3.67
Not Guided by NT-proBNP	6.11

Intervention	ng/L (Geometric Mean)
Guided by NT-proBNP	2332.1
Not Guided by NT-proBNP	2063

Intervention	Scores on a scale (Mean)
Guided by NT-proBNP	118.6
Not Guided by NT-proBNP	128.4

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Guided by NT-proBNP	8
Not Guided by NT-proBNP	6

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Guided by NT-proBNP	4
Not Guided by NT-proBNP	5

Intervention	Days in hospital (Mean)
Guided by NT-proBNP	5.79
Not Guided by NT-proBNP	5.94

Intervention	Titration steps (Number)
Guided by NT-proBNP	517
Not Guided by NT-proBNP	485

Intervention	mL/min/1.73m^2 (Mean)
Aliskiren	10.52
Irbesartan	10.16

Intervention	mL/min/1.73m^2 (Mean)
Aliskiren	11.29
Irbesartan	7.41

Intervention	mL/min/1.73m^2 (Mean)
Aliskiren	37.18
Irbesartan	35.88

Intervention	mL/min/1.73m^2 (Mean)
Aliskiren	43.32
Irbesartan	40.13

Intervention	mL/min/1.73m^2 (Mean)
Aliskiren	8.69
Irbesartan	2.96

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
ethylene dichloride ethylene dichloride: RN given refers to 1,2-isomer; structure given in first source. 1,2-dichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes substituted by two chloro groups at positions 1 and 2.	2.46	2	0	chloroethanes	hepatotoxic agent; mutagen; non-polar solvent
2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. dihydroxybenzoic acid : Any member of the class of hydroxybenzoic acids carrying two phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring and its derivatives.. 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It occurs naturally in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta.	2.04	1	0	dihydroxybenzoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
alpha-ketoglutaric acid 2-oxoglutaric acid : An oxo dicarboxylic acid that consists of glutaric acid bearing an oxo substituent at position 2. It is an intermediate metabolite in Krebs cycle.	2	1	0	oxo dicarboxylic acid	fundamental metabolite
2,3-diphosphoglycerate 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate: A highly anionic organic phosphate which is present in human red blood cells at about the same molar ratio as hemoglobin. It binds to deoxyhemoglobin but not the oxygenated form, therefore diminishing the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. This is essential in enabling hemoglobin to unload oxygen in tissue capillaries. It is also an intermediate in the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.1). (From Stryer Biochemistry, 4th ed, p160; Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p508). 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid : A bisphosphoglyceric acid that is glyceric acid carrying two phospho substituents at positions 2 and 3.	1.97	1	0	bisphosphoglyceric acid; tetronic acid derivative	human metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	3.71	10	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.	4.07	4	0	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid	antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan 5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.	3.07	5	0	hydroxytryptophan	human metabolite; neurotransmitter
ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.	2.46	2	0	ethanediol; glycol	metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.	7.41	2	0	aldehyde	carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent
acetamide acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.	2.45	2	0	acetamides; carboximidic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia
adenine [no description available]	7.41	2	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
9-xylosyladenine 9-xylosyladenine: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure in first source	2.13	1	0	purine nucleoside
agmatine Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.	2.04	1	0	guanidines; primary amino compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
allantoin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; ureas	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; vulnerary
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	2.07	1	0	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	3.62	9	0	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
beta-alanine [no description available]	1.97	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.	4.1	4	0	amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative	fundamental metabolite
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	7.4	2	0	halide anion; monoatomic bromine
1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.	2.13	1	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
cadaverine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.	2.6	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent
aminooxyacetic acid Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.. (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.	2.05	1	0	amino acid; hydroxylamines; monocarboxylic acid	anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
carnitine [no description available]	5.87	8	1	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
catechol [no description available]	2.41	2	0	catechols	allelochemical; genotoxin; plant metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	2.5	2	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
chlordecone [no description available]	2.04	1	0	cyclic ketone; organochlorine compound	insecticide; persistent organic pollutant
choline [no description available]	7.68	3	0	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	5.56	9	2	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	6.94	40	2	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	2.42	2	0	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative	3.16	5	0	coumarins	fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	8.61	9	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	2.01	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	9.75	8	0	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
4-aminophenol 4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.	2.05	1	0	aminophenol	allergen; metabolite
3-hydroxybutyric acid 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.	2.03	1	0	(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid; 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	human metabolite
bupropion Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	4.76	9	0	aromatic ketone; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
hippuric acid hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.	3.38	7	0	N-acylglycine	human blood serum metabolite; uremic toxin
taxifolin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroflavonols; pentahydroxyflavanone; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone
methylmalonic acid Methylmalonic Acid: A malonic acid derivative which is a vital intermediate in the metabolism of fat and protein. Abnormalities in methylmalonic acid metabolism lead to methylmalonic aciduria. This metabolic disease is attributed to a block in the enzymatic conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA.. methylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.	2.05	1	0	C4-dicarboxylic acid	human metabolite
n(g),n(g')-dimethyl-l-arginine N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine	4.54	5	1	alpha-amino acid
malic acid malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.	2.13	1	0	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid consisting of cyclopropane having amino and carboxy substituents both at the 1-position.	2.02	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; monocarboxylic acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	ethylene releasers; plant metabolite
phosphonoacetic acid Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.. phosphonoacetic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.	2.47	2	0	monocarboxylic acid; phosphonic acids	antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.	2.41	2	0	catechols; dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	human metabolite
aminocaproic acid Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.	4.76	9	0	amino acid zwitterion; epsilon-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid	antifibrinolytic drug; hematologic agent; metabolite
fosmidomycin fosmidomycin: from Streptomyces lavendulae; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in second source. fosmidomycin : Propylphosphonic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a formyl(hydroxy)amino group. An antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lavendulae, it specifically inhibits DXP reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.267), a key enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis.	2.46	2	0	hydroxamic acid; phosphonic acids	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 1.1.1.267 (1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase) inhibitor
creatine [no description available]	5.45	8	2	glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	6.07	16	2	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
diacetyl butane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation.	2.03	1	0	alpha-diketone	Escherichia coli metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole : A dimethylbenzimidazole carrying methyl substituents at positions 5 and 6.	2.04	1	0	dimethylbenzimidazole	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	3.39	7	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
ethanolamine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	ethanolamines; primary alcohol; primary amine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	8.1	5	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hexachlorocyclohexane Lindane: An organochlorine insecticide made up of greater than 99% gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane. It has been used as a pediculicide and scabicide, and shown to cause cancer.. beta-hexachlorocyclohexane : The beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane.	2.74	3	0	chlorocyclohexane
glycine [no description available]	3.61	9	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	8.6	9	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.	3.38	7	0	carbon oxoanion	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dalteparin Dalteparin: A low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	4.09	3	1
histamine [no description available]	7.06	31	3	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	2.72	3	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
hydroquinone [no description available]	2.45	2	0	benzenediol; hydroquinones	antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent
imidazole imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.	2.65	3	0	imidazole
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	7.91	4	0	diatomic iodine	nutrient
thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.	4.12	4	0	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid	fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
pyruvaldehyde Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.	3.41	1	0	2-oxo aldehyde; propanals	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	2.45	2	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	3.12	5	0	cyclitol; hexol
melatonin [no description available]	6.19	17	2	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
croton oil [no description available]	2.01	1	0	N-acyl-hexosamine
n-acetylserotonin N-acetylserotonin : An N-acylserotonin resulting from the formal condensation of the primary amino group of serotonin with the carboxy group of acetic acid.	2.03	1	0	acetamides; N-acylserotonin; phenols	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist
naringenin [no description available]	2.13	1	0	4'-hydroxyflavanones; trihydroxyflavanone
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	2.96	4	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	2.95	4	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.	9.78	9	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3	antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	10.38	35	6	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitric acid Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nitric acid : A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.	1.98	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid	protic solvent; reagent
nitroxyl nitroxyl: hydroxamic acid oxidized to nitroxyl free radical. nitroxyl : A nitrogen oxoacid consisting of an oxygen atom double-bonded to an NH group.	2.1	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	6.45	23	2	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
1-octanol 1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1.	3.37	1	1	octanol; primary alcohol	antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite; fuel additive; kairomone; plant metabolite
hydroxide ion [no description available]	2.46	2	0	oxygen hydride	mouse metabolite
orotic acid Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.	2.05	1	0	pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	2.92	4	0	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	2.03	1	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
parathion [no description available]	2.04	1	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
pentachlorophenol PENTA: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorophenol; organochlorine pesticide; pentachlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite
phenol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenylacetic acid phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.	2.05	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid; phenylacetic acids	allergen; Aspergillus metabolite; auxin; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; toxin
picolinic acid picolinic acid: iron-chelating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; may interfere with iron-dependent production of stable free organic radical which is essential for ribonucleotide reductase formation of deoxyribonucleotides; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7206. picolinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan.	2.6	1	0	pyridinemonocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; MALDI matrix material
1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.36	1	1	propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	metabolite; protic solvent
pyrazinamide pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.	4.87	10	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia; pyrazines	antitubercular agent; prodrug
pyrazinoic acid pyrazinoic acid: active metabolite of pyrazinamide; structure. pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid : The parent compound of the class of pyrazinecarboxylic acids, that is pyrazine bearing a single carboxy substituent. The active metabolite of the antitubercular drug pyrazinamide.	2.13	1	0	pyrazinecarboxylic acid	antitubercular agent; drug metabolite
pyridoxal [no description available]	1.98	1	0	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.	2.41	2	0	methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate	coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).	4.74	5	0	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyrogallol benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring.	2.38	2	0	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	plant metabolite
quinolinic acid Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan.	2.03	1	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).	2.49	2	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
spermine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	polyazaalkane; tetramine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	2.93	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
sulfuric acid sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.	2.42	2	0	sulfur oxoacid	catalyst
taurine [no description available]	8.41	7	0	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiophane [no description available]	2.01	1	0	saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; tetrahydrothiophenes
thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.	4.41	6	0	primary alcohol; vitamin B1	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	7.41	1	0	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder	2.05	1	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	8.26	16	8	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	11.8	18	4	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vanillin Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).	2.15	1	0	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antioxidant; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
xanthine 7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.. 9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.	2.38	2	0	xanthine	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
catechin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydroxyflavan
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.	2.4	2	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	NMDA receptor antagonist
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin: A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.. 8-OH-DPAT : A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively	2.93	4	0	phenols; tertiary amino compound; tetralins	serotonergic antagonist
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.	2.05	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine [no description available]	2.03	1	0
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid: structure given in first source; NMDA receptor antagonist	2.03	1	0
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine 4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd without isomeric designation; a serotonin agonist. 2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-methylethylamine : An organoiodine compound that is amphetamine bearing two methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 5 as well as an iodo substituent at position 4.	2.4	2	0	amphetamines; dimethoxybenzene; organoiodine compound
1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-pyrrolidone 1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-pyrrolidone: a CNS depressant; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
ibotenic acid Ibotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist.	2.43	2	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	neurotoxin
gallopamil Gallopamil: Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring.	2.45	2	0	benzenes; organic amino compound
normetanephrine Normetanephrine: A methylated metabolite of norepinephrine that is excreted in the urine and found in certain tissues. It is a marker for tumors.	2.04	1	0	catecholamine
n(8)-bromoacetyl-n(1)-3'-(4-indolyloxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl-1,8-diamino-4-menthane N(8)-bromoacetyl-N(1)-3'-(4-indolyloxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl-1,8-diamino-4-menthane: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
sk&f-38393 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine: A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.. 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1 and two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 8.. SKF 38393 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-SKF 38393	2.68	3	0	benzazepine; catechols; secondary amino compound
vanilmandelic acid Vanilmandelic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. It is an end-stage metabolite of CATECHOLAMINES; EPINEPHRINE; and NOREPINEPHRINE.. vanillylmandelic acid : An aromatic ether that is the 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid.	2.42	2	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; aromatic ether; phenols	human metabolite
menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.	2.78	3	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol	volatile oil component
1,10-diaminodecane [no description available]	2.03	1	0
1,10-phenanthroline 1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases	3.78	11	0	phenanthroline	EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor
1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine 1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine: structure given in first source	2.39	2	0
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.	2.75	3	0	oxopurine	adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine 1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist	2.92	4	0
1,5-dihydroxyisoquinoline 1,5-dihydroxyisoquinoline: structure in first source. isoquinoline-1,5-diol : An isoquinolinol that is isoquinoline in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by hydroxy groups.	2.03	1	0	isoquinolinol	EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
1-(1-naphthyl)piperazine 1-(1-naphthyl)piperazine: serotonin agonist; structure given in first source	3.12	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
pk 11195 PK-11195 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of sec-butylmethylamine	2.03	1	0	aromatic amide; isoquinolines; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes	antineoplastic agent
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.	2.46	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-arylpiperazine	drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; serotonergic agonist; xenobiotic
1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole 1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole: an inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in mouse	2.03	1	0	imidazoles
1-aminobenzotriazole [no description available]	2.03	1	0
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	2.46	2	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
1-palmityl-2-acetylglycerol 1-palmityl-2-acetylglycerol: RN given refers to (+-)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 5/88; platelet activating factor precursor	1.97	1	0
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4.	3.49	2	0	methylpyridines; phenylpyridine; tetrahydropyridine	neurotoxin
1-methylimidazole 1-methyl-1H-imidazole : A 1H-imidazole having a methyl substituent at the N-1 position.	2.03	1	0	imidazoles
edelfosine edelfosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. edelfosine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-edelfosine.. 1-octadecyl-2-methylglycero-3-phosphocholine : A glycerophosphocholine that is glycero-3-phosphocholine substituted at positions 1 and 2 by octadecyl and methyl groups respectively.	2.03	1	0	glycerophosphocholine
n-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine N-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine: structure in first source. N-[3-(aminomethyl)benzyl]acetamidine : An aralkylamine that is Nbenzylacetamidine substituted at position 3 on the benzene ring by an aminomethyl group. An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase.	2.1	1	0	aralkylamine; carboxamidine; primary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector
1h-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one: structure given in first source; inhibits guanylyl cyclase. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one : A member of the class of oxadiazoloquinoxalines that is 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline substituted at position 1 by an oxo group.	2.43	2	0	oxadiazoloquinoxaline	EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor
hoe 33342 BXI-72: structure in first source	2.46	2	0	bibenzimidazole; N-methylpiperazine	fluorochrome
2,2'-dipyridyl 2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'.	2.76	3	0	bipyridine	chelator; ferroptosis inhibitor
beta-resorcylic acid beta-resorcylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.08	1	0
2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.	2.46	2	0	dinitrophenol	allergen; antiseptic drug; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; geroprotector; oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
2-hydroxysaclofen 2-hydroxysaclofen: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	organochlorine compound
mercaptoethanol Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.	2.9	4	0	alkanethiol; primary alcohol	geroprotector
3,4-dichloroisocoumarin 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin : A member of the class of isocoumarins that is isocoumarin substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 4. It is a serine protease inhibitor.	2.44	2	0	isocoumarins; organochlorine compound	geroprotector; serine protease inhibitor
3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine: An amphetamine derivative that inhibits uptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters. It is a hallucinogen. It is less toxic than its methylated derivative but in sufficient doses may still destroy serotonergic neurons and has been used for that purpose experimentally.	2	1	0	benzodioxoles
amitrole Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.	2.04	1	0	aromatic amine; triazoles	carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor; herbicide
phaclofen phaclofen: peripheral & central baclofen & GABA antagonist; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	organophosphate oxoanion; zwitterion
3-aminobenzamide [no description available]	2.52	2	0	benzamides; substituted aniline	EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
3-bromo-7-nitroindazole [no description available]	2.03	1	0
3-methylcholanthrene Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.	2.05	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent
enprofylline enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.	2.73	3	0	oxopurine	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
3-nitropropionic acid 3-nitropropionic acid: succinate dehydrogenase inactivator; biosynthesized by FABACEAE plants from ASPARAGINE. 3-nitropropanoic acid : A C-nitro compound that is propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a nitro group.	2.03	1	0	C-nitro compound	antimycobacterial drug; EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; mycotoxin; neurotoxin
beta-phosphonopropionic acid beta-phosphonopropionic acid: structure	2.05	1	0
pleconaril WIN 63843: structure given in first source	2.6	1	0
ro 5-4864 4'-chlorodiazepam: selectively binds peripheral benzodiazepine receptor	2.13	1	0
4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonylfluoride [no description available]	2.6	1	0
4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide: inhibits ADP-ribosylation; sometimes abreviated as 4-AN;	2.46	2	0	benzoisoquinoline; dicarboximide
4-aminopyridine [no description available]	2.47	2	0	aminopyridine; aromatic amine	avicide; orphan drug; potassium channel blocker
homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.	2.03	1	0	guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide 4-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide: metabolite of nifuroxazide. 4-hydroxybenzohydrazide : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with hydrazine.	2.03	1	0	carbohydrazide; phenols
4-nonylphenol 4-nonylphenol: structure in first source; see also record for nonylphenol. 4-nonylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol which is para-substituted with a nonyl group.	2.04	1	0	phenols	environmental contaminant
4-phenyl-3-furoxancarbonitrile 4-phenyl-3-furoxancarbonitrile: structure given in first source. 4-phenyl-3-furoxancarbonitrile : A 1,2,5-oxadiazole substituted by an oxido, cyano and phenyl groups at positions 2, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation.	2.03	1	0	1,2,5-oxadiazole; benzenes; N-oxide; nitrile	geroprotector; nitric oxide donor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; soluble guanylate cyclase activator; vasodilator agent
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide: do not confuse with DMPO (4',5'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4-phenyl-5,2'-oxidocoumarin). 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide : A member of the class of 1-pyrroline nitrones (1-pyrroline N-oxides) resulting from the formal N-oxidation of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline. Used as a spin trap for the study of radicals formed by enzymatic acetaldehyde oxidation.	2.91	4	0	1-pyrroline nitrones	neuroprotective agent; spin trapping reagent
phenytoin [no description available]	6.57	26	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid 5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid: potent antagonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-associated glycine binding site	2.03	1	0	quinolines
5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid: A 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acid containing 4 alkyne bonds. It inhibits the enzymatic conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins E(2) and F(2a).	2.41	2	0	long-chain fatty acid
5-(n,n-hexamethylene)amiloride 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride: inhibitor of Na+-H+ exchange; has anti-HIV-1 activity. 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the two amino hydrogens at position N-5 are replaced by a hexamethylene moiety, resulting in the formation of an azepane ring.	2.03	1	0	aromatic amine; azepanes; guanidines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; odorant receptor antagonist; sodium channel blocker
ethylisopropylamiloride ethylisopropylamiloride: structure in first source. ethylisopropylamiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the amino substitutent of the pyrazine ring that is adjacent to the chloro substituent has been substituted by an ethyl group and by an isopropyl group.	2.03	1	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyrazines; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; neuroprotective agent; sodium channel blocker
5-fluoroindole-2-carboxylic acid 5-fluoroindole-2-carboxylic acid: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist	2.47	2	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.	2.71	3	0	indole-3-acetic acids	drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenanthridone phenanthridone: coal tar derivative; structure given in first source. phenanthridone : A member of the class of phenanthridines that is phenanthridine with an oxo substituent at position 6. A poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, it has been shown to exhibit immunosuppressive activity.	2.03	1	0	lactam; phenanthridines	EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; mutagen
6-chloromelatonin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	acetamides
6-hydroxymelatonin 6-hydroxymelatonin : A member of the class of tryptamines that is melatonin with a hydroxy group substituent at position 6.	2.03	1	0	acetamides; tryptamines	metabolite; mouse metabolite
6-methoxytryptoline 6-methoxytryptoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.03	1	0
6-nitroso-1,2-benzopyrone [no description available]	2.03	1	0
7-chlorokynurenic acid 7-chlorokynurenic acid: selective antagonist at the glycine modulatory site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex; structure given in first source. 7-chlorokynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinaldic acid which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and by a chlorine at position 7. It is a potent NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist which antagonizes the strychnine-insensitive glycine site of the NMDA receptor. It also prevents neurodegeneration produced by quinolinic acid.	2.03	1	0	organochlorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
etofylline etofylline: etophyllin appeared once in PubMed: Wien Med Wochenschr. 1986 May 15;136(9):213-8 as a combination drug with theophylline (spelt without e, theophllin)	2.13	1	0	oxopurine
7-nitroindazole 7-nitroindazole: an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; exhibits anti-nociceptive activity without increasing blood pressure	2.94	4	0
8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline 8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline: adenosine antagonist	2.03	1	0
8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine: prolongs epileptic seizures in rats	2.03	1	0	oxopurine
8-phenyltheophylline 8-phenyltheophylline: purinergic P1 receptor antagonist	2.4	2	0
tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	3.64	9	0	acridines; aromatic amine	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
aa 861 2,3,5-trimethyl-6-(12-hydroxy-5,10-dodecadiynyl)-1,4-benzoquinone: structure given in first source. docebenone : A member of the class of benzoquinones that is p-benzoquinone in which the hydrogens are substituted by three methyl groups and a 12-hydroxydodeca-5,10-diyn-1-yl group.	2.5	2	0	1,4-benzoquinones; acetylenic compound; primary alcohol	EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor
acebutolol Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.	8.53	23	6	aromatic amide; ethanolamines; ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	10.58	22	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
acetarsol [no description available]	2.13	1	0	acetamides; anilide
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	5.27	16	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohexamide Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group.	3.14	5	0	acetophenones; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
acetohydroxamic acid acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	4.25	5	0	acetohydroxamic acids; carbohydroximic acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
ag 127 tyrphostin AG 126: inhibits development of postoperative ileus induced by surgical manipulation of murine colon	2.03	1	0	nitrophenol
rtki cpd [no description available]	2.03	1	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; quinazolines	antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist; geroprotector
tyrphostin a23 tyrphostin A23: inhibits EGF-stimulated thymidine incorporation as well as EGF-stimulated receptor autophosphorylation & tyrosine phosphorylation & cell proliferation; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	catechols
tyrphostin 25 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	benzenetriol
tyrphostin a1 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	methoxybenzenes	geroprotector
1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid 1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
alaproclate alaproclate: specific 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitors; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer	3.59	2	0	alpha-amino acid ester
albendazole [no description available]	4.42	6	0	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	anthelminthic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	5.88	18	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
alendronate alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.	4.26	5	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); primary amino compound	bone density conservation agent; EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
alfuzosin alfuzosin: structure given in first source	4.08	4	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; quinazolines; tetrahydrofuranol	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent
alminoprofen alminoprofen: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. alminoprofen : A substituted aniline that is ibuprofen in which the isobutyl group is replaced by a (2-methylprop-2-en-1-yl)amino group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used for treatment of inflammatory and rheumatic disorders.	1.97	1	0	amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
alosetron alosetron : A pyrido[4,3-b]indole compound having a 5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl group at the 2-position.	3.58	2	0	imidazoles; pyridoindole	antiemetic; gastrointestinal drug; serotonergic antagonist
alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.39	2	0
alprazolam Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.	11.38	12	1	organochlorine compound; triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant; sedative; xenobiotic
alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.	3.97	13	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
altretamine Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine.	4.41	6	0	triamino-1,3,5-triazine
amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source	5.68	14	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic
ambenonium ambenonium : A symmetrical oxalamide-based bis-quaternary ammonium ion having ethyl and 2-chlorobenzyl groups attached to the nitrogens.	3.23	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
ambroxol Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amine
ametantrone ametantrone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0
amfonelic acid amfonelic acid: CNS-stimulant	2.03	1	0
diatrizoic acid Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.	3.87	3	0	acetamides; benzoic acids; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
amifostine anhydrous Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.	4.4	6	0	diamine; organic thiophosphate	antioxidant; prodrug; radiation protective agent
aminoglutethimide Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.	3.43	7	0	dicarboximide; piperidones; substituted aniline	adrenergic agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.	4.09	3	1	guanidines; one-carbon compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.	8.47	25	3	N-acylglycine	Daphnia magna metabolite
theophylline [no description available]	10.82	29	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
2-aminothiazole 2-aminothiazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,3-thiazol-2-amine : A primary amino compound that is 1,3-thiazole substituted by an amino group at position 2.	2.52	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; primary amino compound
amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.	14.89	29	3	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiovascular drug
dan 2163 [no description available]	2.75	3	0	aromatic amide; aromatic amine; benzamides; pyrrolidines; sulfone	environmental contaminant; second generation antipsychotic; xenobiotic
amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.	5.08	13	0	carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic
amlexanox amlexanox: SRA-A antagonist;structure given in first source. amlexanox : A pyridochromene-derived monocarboxylic acid having an amino substituent at the 2-position, an oxo substituent at the 5-position and an isopropyl substituent at the 7-position.	2.45	2	0	monocarboxylic acid; pyridochromene	anti-allergic agent; anti-ulcer drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.	10.72	42	13	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
amobarbital Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.	2.43	2	0	barbiturates
amodiaquine Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.	2.6	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; phenols; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
amoxapine Amoxapine: The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression.. amoxapine : A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position.	4.55	7	0	dibenzooxazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; dopaminergic antagonist; geroprotector; serotonin uptake inhibitor
amsacrine Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.	2.97	4	0	acridines; aromatic ether; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
anastrozole [no description available]	4.08	4	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
anethole trithione Anethole Trithione: Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers.	2.05	1	0	methoxybenzenes
aniracetam [no description available]	2.47	2	0	N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidin-2-ones
anisindione anisindione: structure. anisindione : A cyclic beta-diketone consisting of indane-1,3-dione having a 4-methoxyphenyl substituent at the 4-position.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone	anticoagulant; vitamin K antagonist
anthralin Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.	2.47	2	0	anthracenes	antipsoriatic
antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.	3.75	10	0	pyrazolone	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid: glutamate antagonist in locust muscle; structure; do not confuse with L-AP4, which is the propionic acid version	2.03	1	0
acetovanillone apocynin : An aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.	3.17	5	0	acetophenones; aromatic ketone; methyl ketone	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug; plant metabolite
apraclonidine apraclonidine: relieves postoperative intraocular pressure following trabeculoplasty; RN given refers to parent cpd. apraclonidine : An imidazoline that is 2-amino 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazoline in which one of the exocyclic amino hydrogens has been replaced by a 4-amino-2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	2.02	1	0	dichlorobenzene; guanidines; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antiglaucoma drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; diagnostic agent; ophthalmology drug
aprindine Aprindine: A class Ib anti-arrhythmia agent used to manage ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.	2.05	1	0	indanes
arcaine arcaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,4-diguanidinobutane : A guanidine derivative consisting of butane having guanidino groups at the 1- and 4-positions.	2.04	1	0	guanidines
arecoline Arecoline: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.. arecoline : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine.	1.98	1	0	enoate ester; methyl ester; pyridine alkaloid; tetrahydropyridine	metabolite; muscarinic agonist
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	11.87	71	16	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
astemizole Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.	5.16	10	0	benzimidazoles; piperidines	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; H1-receptor antagonist
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	16.83	130	72	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-4-isoxazolepropionate alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-4-isoxazolepropionate: a glutamate agonist	2.03	1	0	alpha-amino acid
aurintricarboxylic acid Aurintricarboxylic Acid: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.. aurintricarboxylic acid : A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'.	2.03	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid; quinomethanes; tricarboxylic acid	fluorochrome; histological dye; insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist
azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.	6.7	17	1	aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
azelaic acid nonanedioic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups.	2.74	3	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; plant metabolite
azelastine azelastine: azeptin is azelastine hydrochloride; structure; eye drop formulation effective in relieving symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis; do not confuse with 5-loxin which is an extract of Boswellia. azelastine : A phthalazine compound having an oxo substituent at the 1-position, a 1-methylazepan-4-yl group at the 2-position and a 4-chlorobenzyl substituent at the 4-position.	2.73	3	0	monochlorobenzenes; phthalazines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
azinphosmethyl Azinphosmethyl: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It has been used as an acaricide and as an insecticide.. azinphos-methyl : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,3-benzotriazine substituted by an oxo group at position 4 and a [(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at position 3.	2.04	1	0	benzotriazines; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
azosemide azosemide : A sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide which is substituted at positions 2, 4, and 5 by chlorine, (2-thienylmethyl)amino and 1H-tetrazol-5-yl groups, respectively. It is a diuretic that has been used in the management of oedema and hypertension.	2.05	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; sulfonamide; tetrazoles; thiophenes	loop diuretic
baclofen [no description available]	9.86	10	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant
barbital 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid).	2.05	1	0	barbiturates	drug allergen
bay-k-8644 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester: A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.. Bay-K-8644 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-Bay-K-8644. methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A pentasubstituted dihydropyridine carrying methoxycarbonyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and nitro substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively as well as two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6.	3.1	5	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
bendazac bendazac : A monocarboxylic acid that is glycolic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the 2-hydroxy group is replaced by a 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl group. Although it has anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties and has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders, its principal effect is to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Its lysine salt is used in the management of cataracts.	3.87	3	0	indazoles; monocarboxylic acid	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger
bendroflumethiazide Bendroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810). bendroflumethiazide : A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group.	9.46	23	16	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
benserazide Benserazide: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.. benserazide : A carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.	2.06	1	0	carbohydrazide; catechols; primary alcohol; primary amino compound	antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
benzamide benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.	2.52	2	0	benzamides
benzbromarone Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.	5.04	12	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone	uricosuric drug
benzocaine Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.	2.08	1	0	benzoate ester; substituted aniline	allergen; antipruritic drug; sensitiser; topical anaesthetic
benzothiazide benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.	2.13	1	0	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
benzyl benzoate benzyl benzoate: structure; acarosan, a moist powder composed of wetted cellulose and benzyl benzoate, is used on carpets as an acaricide. benzyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of benzoic acid with benzyl alcohol. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Polyalthia.	2.08	1	0	benzoate ester; benzyl ester	acaricide; plant metabolite; scabicide
bepridil Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.	2.94	4	0	pyrrolidines; tertiary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
berberine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; berberine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite; potassium channel blocker
betahistine Betahistine: A histamine analog and H1 receptor agonist that serves as a vasodilator. It is used in MENIERE DISEASE and in vascular headaches but may exacerbate bronchial asthma and peptic ulcers.. betahistine : An aminoalkylpyridine that is pyridine substituted by a 2-(methylamino)ethyl group at position 2. It acts as a histamine agonist and a vasodilator, and is thought to improve the microcirculation of the labyrinth, resulting in reduced endolymphatic pressure. It is used (generally as the hydrochloride or mesylate salt) to reduce the symptoms of vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss associated with Meniere's disease.	7	1	0	aminoalkylpyridine; secondary amino compound	H1-receptor agonist; vasodilator agent
betaxolol [no description available]	4.75	9	0	propanolamine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bethanechol Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.	3.8	3	0	carbamate ester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscarinic agonist
bevantolol bevantolol: structure given in first source. bevantolol : A propanolamine that is 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by 3-methylphenyl and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl. A beta1 adrenoceptor antagonist, it has been shown to be as effective as other beta-blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.	2.72	3	0	propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; calcium channel blocker
bicalutamide bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.	4.67	8	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; sulfone; tertiary alcohol
bay h 4502 bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1.	3	4	0	biphenyls; imidazoles
biperiden Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.	4.27	5	0	piperidines; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antidote to sarin poisoning; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
bisacodyl Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)	4.06	4	0	diarylmethane
bisindolylmaleimide i bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide	2.13	1	0
bisoprolol Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.	7.27	17	2	secondary alcohol; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bithionol Bithionol: Halogenated anti-infective agent that is used against trematode and cestode infestations.. bithionol : An aryl sulfide that is diphenyl sulfide in which each phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by hydroxy and at positions 3 and 5 by chlorine. A fungicide and anthelmintic, it was used in various topical drug products for the treatment of liver flukes, but withdrawn after being shown to be a potent photosensitizer with the potential to cause serious skin disorders.	2.46	2	0	aryl sulfide; bridged diphenyl antifungal drug; bridged diphenyl fungicide; dichlorobenzene; organochlorine pesticide; polyphenol	antifungal agrochemical; antiplatyhelmintic drug
bml 190 indomethacin morpholinylamide: an inverse agonist of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor	2.03	1	0	N-acylindole
bretylium bretylium: RN given refers to parent cpd. bretylium : A quaternary ammonium cation having 2-bromobenzyl, ethyl and two methyl groups attached to the nitrogen. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.	2.9	4	0	quaternary ammonium ion	adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent
brimonidine [no description available]	2.74	3	0	imidazoles; quinoxaline derivative; secondary amine	adrenergic agonist; alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent
bromazepam Bromazepam: One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.	2.96	4	0	organic molecular entity
bromhexine Bromhexine: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744). bromhexine : A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum).	2.74	3	0	organobromine compound; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	mucolytic
bromopride bromopride: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.75	3	0	benzamides
bromisovalum Bromisovalum: A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.. bromisoval : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-bromisoval. It was previously used for its hypnotic and sedative properties but the use of bromides is now deprecated due to the possibility of the toxic accumulation of bromine in the body.. 2-bromo-N-carbamoyl-3-methylbutanamide : An N-acylurea that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 2-bromo-3-methybutanoyl group.	2.05	1	0	N-acylurea; organobromine compound
bronopol [no description available]	2.08	1	0	nitro compound
brotizolam brotizolam: structure	2.72	3	0	organic molecular entity
bufexamac Bufexamac: A benzeneacetamide with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic action. It is administered topically, orally, or rectally.. bufexamac : A hydroxamic acid derived from phenylacetamide in which the benzene moiety is substituted at C-4 by a butoxy group. It has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; hydroxamic acid	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
buflomedil buflomedil: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym LL 1656 refers to HCl; structure	2.74	3	0	aromatic ketone
bumetanide [no description available]	7.28	18	1	amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide	diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
bunazosin bunazosin: structure	8.08	5	0	quinazolines
bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.	3.53	8	0	aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound
buspirone Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.	4.77	9	0	azaspiro compound; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organic heteropolycyclic compound; piperidones; pyrimidines	anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist
busulfan [no description available]	10.14	14	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; insect sterilant; teratogenic agent
secbutabarbital secbutabarbital: Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital) should be distinguished from Butobarbital	3.23	1	0	barbiturates
butacaine butacaine: was MH 1965-92; BUTAPROBENZ & BUTOCAIN were see BUTACAINE 1978-92; use 4-AMINOBENZOIC ACID to search BUTACAINE 1966-92	2.13	1	0	benzoate ester
butalbital butalbital: management of butalbital withdrawal can be simplified by using a phenobarbital-loading protocol; RN given refers to parent cpd. butalbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by an allyl group and an isobutyl group. Frequently combined with other medicines, such as aspirin, paracetamol and codeine, it is used for treatment of pain and headache.	2.05	1	0	barbiturates	analgesic; sedative
butamben butamben: structure. butamben : An amino acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol. Its local anaesthetic properties have been used for surface anaesthesia of the skin and mucous membranes, and for relief of pain and itching associated with some anorectal disorders.	2.13	1	0	amino acid ester; benzoate ester; primary amino compound; substituted aniline	local anaesthetic
butenafine butenafine: studied on experimental dermatophytosis. butenafine : Trimethylamine in which hydrogen atoms attached to different methyl groups are substituted by 1-naphthyl and 4-tert-butylphenyl groups. It is an inhibitor of squalene epoxidase, an enzyme responsible for the creation of sterols needed in fungal cell membranes, and is used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of dermatological fungal infections.	2.02	1	0	naphthalenes; tertiary amine	antifungal drug; EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor
cadralazine cadralazine: structure given in first source	6.97	1	0	organic molecular entity
caffeine [no description available]	5.39	18	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	13.33	86	17	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
metrizoate Metrizoic Acid: A diagnostic radiopaque that usually occurs as the sodium salt.	2.45	2	0	monocarboxylic acid	radioopaque medium
camostat camostat : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-guanidinobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate. It is a potent inhibitor of the human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and its mesylate salt is currently under investigation for its effectiveness in COVID-19 patients.	5.91	5	1	benzoate ester; carboxylic ester; diester; guanidines; tertiary carboxamide	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifibrinolytic drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; serine protease inhibitor
camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available]	2.53	2	0	bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone	plant metabolite
candesartan cilexetil candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects	7	16	0	biphenyls
candesartan candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.	10.77	55	3	benzimidazolecarboxylic acid; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	5.34	17	0	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
carbetapentane carbetapentane: RN given refers to parent cpd	4.2	3	0	benzenes
carbinoxamine carbinoxamine: Note: tradenames that start with Histex refer to more than one drug. carbinoxamine : An organochlorine compound that is 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyridine in which one of the benzylic hydrogens is substituted by 2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy group. It is an ethanolamine-type antihistamine, used as its maleate salt for treating hay fever, as well as mild cases of Parkinson's disease.	3.59	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
carbazilquinone Carbazilquinone: An alkylating agent structurally similar to MITOMYCIN and found to be effective in the treatment of leukemia and various other neoplasms in mice. It causes leukemia and thrombocytopenia in almost all human patients.	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
carisoprodol Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm.	4.26	5	0	carbamate ester	muscle relaxant
carmofur [no description available]	2.04	1	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	3.55	8	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
carprofen carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs.	2.73	3	0	carbazoles; organochlorine compound	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; photosensitizing agent
carteolol Carteolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.	8.25	6	0	quinolone; secondary alcohol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
carvedilol [no description available]	7.91	23	3	carbazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
celecoxib [no description available]	11.4	16	0	organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
celiprolol Celiprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. It is used in the management of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.	7.41	2	0	aromatic ketone
cetirizine Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.	5.38	7	0	ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; piperazines	anti-allergic agent; environmental contaminant; H1-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
cetyltrimethylammonium ion Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.	2.42	2	0	quaternary ammonium ion
cetylpyridinium Cetylpyridinium: Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.	2.6	1	0	pyridinium ion
cgs 12066 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline : A pyrroloquinoxaline that is pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline bearing additional 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 4 and 7 respectively. A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B (5-HT1B) full agonist, 10-fold selective over 5-HT1A and 1000-fold selective over 5-HT2C receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration.	2.03	1	0	N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; pyrroloquinoxaline	serotonergic agonist
cgs 15943 9-chloro-2-(2-furyl)-(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-c)quinazolin-5-imine: non-xanthine triazoloquinazoline adenosine antagonist. CGS 15943 : A member of the class of triazoloquinazolines that is [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline substited at positions 2, 5 and 9 by furan-2-yl, amino and chloro groups respectively. A potent antagonist at adenosine A1 and adenosine A2A receptors.	2.03	1	0	aromatic amine; biaryl; furans; organochlorine compound; primary amino compound; quinazolines; triazoloquinazoline	adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; antineoplastic agent; central nervous system stimulant
chelerythrine chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.	2.72	3	0	benzophenanthridine alkaloid; organic cation	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
chloral hydrate [no description available]	2.73	3	0	aldehyde hydrate; ethanediol; organochlorine compound	general anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; sedative; xenobiotic
chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	4.93	11	0	aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
chlorcyclizine chlorcyclizine: was heading 1964-94 (Prov 1964-73); CHLOROCYCLIZINE & HISTACHLORAZINE were see CHLORCYCLIZINE 1977-94; use PIPERAZINES to search CHLORCYCLIZINE 1966-94; histamine H1-blocker used both orally and topically in allergies and also for the prevention of motion sickness	3.23	1	0	diarylmethane
chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.	4.65	8	0	benzodiazepine
chlormezanone Chlormezanone: A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.. chlormezanone : A 1,3-thiazine that is 1,3-thiazinan-4-one S,S-dioxide in which a hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by methyl. A non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxant, it was used in the management of anxiety and in the treatment of muscle spasms until being discontinued worldwide by its manufacturer in 1996, due to rare but serious cutaneous reactions.	4.25	5	0	1,3-thiazine; lactam; monochlorobenzenes; sulfone	antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; muscle relaxant
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	8.74	19	1	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chlorothiazide Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.	5.41	11	0	benzothiadiazine	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
chloroxylenol chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.	2.54	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; molluscicide
chlorphenesin carbamate [no description available]	2.08	1	0	carbamate ester; monochlorobenzenes; secondary alcohol	muscle relaxant
chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.	4.74	9	0	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	11.03	21	0	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.	5.34	17	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
chlorthalidone Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.	9.25	30	10	isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes; sulfonamide
chlorzoxazone Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.	4.95	11	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; heteroaryl hydroxy compound; organochlorine compound	muscle relaxant; sedative
ci 994 tacedinaline: oral cytostatic drug with impressive differential activity against leukemic cells & normal stem-cells. tacedinaline : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid with one of the amino groups of 1,2-phenylenediamine. An oral cytostatic drug with impressive differential activity against leukemic cells and normal stem-cells. Also used in combination therapy for selected tumors including non-smoll cell lung, pancreatic, breast, and colorectal cancers.	2.25	1	0	acetamides; benzamides; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
cifenline [no description available]	3.14	5	0	diarylmethane
ciclopirox [no description available]	2.96	4	0	cyclic hydroxamic acid; hydroxypyridone antifungal drug; pyridone	antibacterial agent; antiseborrheic
ciglitazone ciglitazone: structure given in second source; PPAR agonist used for type II diabetes. ciglitazone : An aromatic ether that consists of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione with position 5 substituted by a 4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]benzyl group. A selective PPARgamma agonist.	2.76	3	0	aromatic ether; thiazolidinone	antineoplastic agent; insulin-sensitizing drug
cilostamide cilostamide: selective inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase & platelet aggregation; structure	2.03	1	0	quinolines
cilostazol [no description available]	4.1	4	0	lactam; tetrazoles	anticoagulant; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; fibrin modulating drug; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	11.61	27	0	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
cinoxacin Cinoxacin: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.. cinoxacin : A member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections.	2.96	4	0	cinnolines; oxacycle; oxo carboxylic acid	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent
ciprofibrate [no description available]	3.33	6	0	cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	antilipemic drug
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	5.6	13	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
cirazoline cirazoline: posseses agonist properties at alpha-adrenoreceptor sites; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.89	4	0	aromatic ether
cisapride Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere.	3.29	6	0	benzamides
citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.	5.15	14	0	2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound
clenbuterol Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.73	3	0	amino alcohol; dichlorobenzene; ethanolamines; primary arylamine; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent
clioquinol Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	3.17	5	0	monohydroxyquinoline; organochlorine compound; organoiodine compound	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; chelator; copper chelator
clobazam Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics.	2.73	3	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
clofazimine Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.	2.74	3	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenazines	dye; leprostatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate	5.21	15	0	aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist
clomiphene [no description available]	4.09	4	0	tertiary amine	estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.	4.95	11	0	dibenzoazepine	anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonazepam Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.	4.39	6	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; monochlorobenzenes	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	13.63	78	10	clonidine; imidazoline
4-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide [no description available]	2.51	2	0	sulfonamide
cloperastine cloperastine: RN given refers to parent cpd	4.04	2	0	diarylmethane
chlorazepate clorazepic acid : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone in which the oxo group is at position 2, and which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by carboxy, phenyl and chloro groups, respectively.	4.06	4	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; prodrug
clotiazepam clotiazepam: was heading 1975-94 (see under AZEPINES 1978-90; was Y 6047 see under AZEPINES 1975-77); Y 6047 was see CLOTIAZEPAM 1978-94; use AZEPINES to search CLOTIAZEPAM 1975-94; thienodiazepine derivative with actions similar to those of benzodiazepines	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
clotrimazole [no description available]	5.02	12	0	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes	antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cromolyn cromoglycic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is the bis-chromone derivative of glycerol. It is effective as a mast cell stabilizer.	2.96	4	0	chromones; dicarboxylic acid	anti-asthmatic drug; calcium channel blocker
phenylalanyl-cyclo(cysteinyltyrosyl-tryptophyl-ornithyl-threonyl-penicillamine)threoninamide phenylalanyl-cyclo(cysteinyltyrosyl-tryptophyl-ornithyl-threonyl-penicillamine)threoninamide: cyclic somatostatin octapeptide analog with high affinity & selectivity toward mu opioid receptors	2.15	1	0
cx546 1-(1,4-benzodioxan-6-ylcarbonyl)piperidine: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
cyclandelate Cyclandelate: A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS.. cyclandelate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-tricyclohexanol. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels.	2.05	1	0	carboxylic ester; secondary alcohol	vasodilator agent
cyclobenzaprine cyclobenzaprine: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lisseril is synonymous for HCl; structure. cyclobenzaprine : 5-Methylidene-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene in which one of the hydrogens of the methylidene group is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.	3.85	3	0	carbotricyclic compound	antidepressant; muscle relaxant; tranquilizing drug
cyclofenil Cyclofenil: A gonadal stimulant and inducer of ovulation. It is used in the treatment of infertility and amenorrhea, but is thought to be less effective than CLOMIPHENE.	3.59	2	0	organic molecular entity
cycloleucine Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.	2.04	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	EC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
cyclothiazide cyclothiazide: inhibits the desensitization of AMPA-type receptors; structure. cyclothiazide : 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted at positions 3, 5 and 6 by a 2-norbornen-5-yl group, chlorine, and a sulfonamide group, respectively. A thiazide diuretic, it has been used in the management of hypertension and oedema.	2.03	1	0	benzothiadiazine	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
cyproheptadine Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.	4.89	6	0	piperidines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; gastrointestinal drug; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
cystamine [no description available]	2.42	2	0	organic disulfide; primary amino compound	EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor
danthron danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.	2.54	2	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
dapsone [no description available]	5.53	12	0	substituted aniline; sulfone	anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug
debrisoquin Debrisoquin: An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.	2.45	2	0	carboxamidine; isoquinolines	adrenergic agent; antihypertensive agent; human metabolite; sympatholytic agent
deferiprone Deferiprone: A pyridone derivative and iron chelator that is used in the treatment of IRON OVERLOAD in patients with THALASSEMIA.. deferiprone : A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is pyridin-4(1H)-one substituted at positions 1 and 2 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxy group. A lipid-soluble iron-chelator used for treatment of thalassaemia.	2.85	3	0	4-pyridones	iron chelator; protective agent
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.	4.46	6	0	acyclic desferrioxamine	bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore
dephostatin dephostatin: from Streptomyces sp. MJ742-NF5; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.	5.43	19	0	dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
nordazepam Nordazepam: An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.. nordazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety.	2.95	4	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; human metabolite; sedative
nonivamide nonivamide: has effect on sensory neurons. nonivamide : A capsaicinoid that is the carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylamine with the carboxy group of nonanoic acid. It is the active ingredient in many pepper sprays.	2.4	2	0	capsaicinoid; phenols	lachrymator
amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.	3.86	3	0	primary amine
eflornithine Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.	2.97	4	0	alpha-amino acid; fluoroamino acid	trypanocidal drug
r 59022 R 59022: diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor; structure given in first source; platelet activator factor antagonist	2.03	1	0	diarylmethane
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	7.78	20	3	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazinon Diazinon: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an organothiophosphorus insecticide.. diazinon : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine carrying an isopropyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 6 and a (diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.	7.17	1	0	organic thiophosphate; pyrimidines	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; nematicide; xenobiotic
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	8.97	31	1	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
dibucaine Dibucaine: A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006). cinchocaine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the 2-(diethylamino)ethyl amide of 2-butoxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid. One of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, its parenteral use was restricted to spinal anesthesia. It is now generally only used (usually as the hydrochloride) in creams and ointments and in suppositories for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with skin and anorectal conditions.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	topical anaesthetic
dicamba Dicamba: A chlorinated organic herbicide.. dicamba : A methoxybenzoic acid that is O-methylsalicylic acid substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 6.	2.04	1	0	dichlorobenzene; methoxybenzoic acid	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; synthetic auxin; xenobiotic
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	5.95	19	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source	2.73	3	0	benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant
dichlorophen Dichlorophen: Nontoxic laxative vermicide effective for taenia infestation. It tends to produce colic and nausea. It is also used as a veterinary fungicide, anthelmintic, and antiprotozoan. (From Merck, 11th ed.)	2.13	1	0	bridged diphenyl fungicide; diarylmethane
dichlorphenamide Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma.	3.58	2	0	dichlorobenzene; sulfonamide	antiglaucoma drug; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor; ophthalmology drug
dicyclomine Dicyclomine: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.. dicyclomine : The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.	3.58	2	0	carboxylic ester; tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
3,4-dihydroxybenzohydroxamic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzoic acids
diethyl pyrocarbonate Diethyl Pyrocarbonate: Preservative for wines, soft drinks, and fruit juices and a gentle esterifying agent.. diethyl pyrocarbonate : The diethyl ester of dicarbonic acid.	2	1	0	acyclic carboxylic anhydride
diethylcarbamazine Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.	3.1	5	0	N-carbamoylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine
pentetic acid Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.	8.17	46	2	pentacarboxylic acid	copper chelator
diflunisal Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.	4.85	10	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid; organofluorine compound	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dimercaprol Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.	4.53	7	0	dithiol; primary alcohol	chelator
dinitolmide Dinitolmide: A coccidiostat for poultry.	2.04	1	0	dinitrotoluene
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	4.82	10	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
diphenyleneiodonium diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine.	2.75	3	0	organic cation
dipivefrin dipivefrin: used in treatment of both primary & open angle glaucoma; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer. dipivefrin : The dipivalate ester of (+-)-epinephrine (racepinephrine). A pro-drug of epinephrine, the hydrochloride is used topically as eye drops to reduce intra-ocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.	2.02	1	0	ethanolamines; pivalate ester	adrenergic agonist; antiglaucoma drug; ophthalmology drug; prodrug; sympathomimetic agent
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	7.48	21	2	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
dipyrone metamizole : A pyrazole that is antiipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfomethyl)amino group, the sodium salt of which, metamizole sodium, was widely used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic, but withdrawn from many markets from the 1970s due to a risk of causing risk of causing agranulocytosis.	2.04	1	0	amino sulfonic acid; pyrazoles	anti-inflammatory agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug; prodrug
disopyramide Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.	5.67	14	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
disulfiram [no description available]	6.61	20	0	organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	7.03	23	0	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid: (D)-isomer active as an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate excitation of central neurons; (L)-isomer inactive; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.03	1	0
p-chloroamphetamine p-Chloroamphetamine: Chlorinated analog of AMPHETAMINE. Potent neurotoxin that causes release and eventually depletion of serotonin in the CNS. It is used as a research tool.	1.97	1	0
thiorphan Thiorphan: A potent inhibitor of membrane metalloendopeptidase (ENKEPHALINASE). Thiorphan potentiates morphine-induced ANALGESIA and attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms.	7.09	82	1	N-acyl-amino acid
2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone 2,3-dimethoxynaphthalene-1,4-dione : A naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone bearing two methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 3. Redox-cycling agent that induces intracellular superoxide anion formation and, depending on the concentration, induces cell proliferation, apoptosis or necrosis. Used to study the role of ROS in cell toxicity, apoptosis, and necrosis.	2.03	1	0	1,4-naphthoquinones
domperidone Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.	8.83	11	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist
donepezil Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.	4.09	4	0	aromatic ether; indanones; piperidines; racemate	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
doxapram Doxapram: A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225). doxapram : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering.	3.86	3	0	morpholines; pyrrolidin-2-ones	central nervous system stimulant
doxazosin Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.	8.18	19	5	aromatic amine; benzodioxine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; vasodilator agent
doxepin Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug.	4.53	7	0	dibenzooxepine; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant
doxylamine Doxylamine: Histamine H1 antagonist with pronounced sedative properties. It is used in allergies and as an antitussive, antiemetic, and hypnotic. Doxylamine has also been administered in veterinary applications and was formerly used in PARKINSONISM.	3.23	1	0	pyridines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antitussive; cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; sedative
droperidol Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon.	4.4	6	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound	anaesthesia adjuvant; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
dipropizine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	piperazines
dyphylline Dyphylline: A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.. dyphylline : An oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs.	4.09	4	0	oxopurine; propane-1,2-diols	bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
ebastine [no description available]	2.08	1	0	organic molecular entity
ebselen ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.	3.19	5	0	benzoselenazole	anti-inflammatory drug; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor; enzyme mimic; ferroptosis inhibitor; genotoxin; hepatoprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger
econazole Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.	2.74	3	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes
edrophonium Edrophonium: A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.. edrophonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.	4.89	2	1	phenols; quaternary ammonium ion	antidote; diagnostic agent; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
ellipticine ellipticine : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole carrying two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 11.	2.77	3	0	indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; polycyclic heteroarene	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
embelin embelin: from Embelia fruit (Myrsinaceae). embelin : A member of the class of dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone which is substituted by an undecyl group at position 3. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antimicrobial, antineoplastic and inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease.	3.41	1	0	dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; plant metabolite
emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.	2.03	1	0	trihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
enflurane Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.	8.08	5	0	ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	anaesthetic
enoxacin Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.	2.96	4	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; amino acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
epinastine epinastine: RN given refers parent cpd. epinastine : A benzazepine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,e]azepine in which the azepine ring is fused to the e side of 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine.	2.08	1	0	benzazepine; guanidines	anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; ophthalmology drug
epirizole Epirizole: 4-Methoxy-2-(5-methoxy-3-methylpyrazol-1-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine. A pyrimidinyl pyrazole with antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	5.18	6	2
estazolam Estazolam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.. estazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a phenyl group at position 6 and a chloro substituent at position 8. A short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to diazepam, it is given by mouth as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia.	3.85	3	0	triazoles; triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
ethacrynic acid Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.	4.85	10	0	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic
myambutol [no description available]	2.13	1	0	amino alcohol
ethinamate ethinamate: short duration hypnotic with fast onset & relatively low toxicity; may cause dependence; minor descriptor (76-85); on-line & Index Medicus search CARBAMATES (76-85). ethinamate : A carbamate ester that is the 1-vinylcyclohexyl ester of carbamic acid. A short-acting sedative-hypnotic, it was formerly used to treat insomnia.	2.04	1	0	carbamate ester; terminal acetylenic compound	sedative
ethosuximide Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.	4.75	9	0	dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector; T-type calcium channel blocker
ethotoin ethotoin: was heading 1966-94 (see under HYDANTOINS 1966-90); use HYDANTOINS to search ETHOTOIN 1966-94. ethotoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted by ethyl and phenyl at positions 3 and 5, respectively. An antiepileptic, it is less toxic than phenytoin but also less effective.	3.23	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant
ethoxzolamide Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic.	2.49	2	0	aromatic ether; benzothiazoles; sulfonamide	antiglaucoma drug; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
ethyl loflazepate ethyl loflazepate: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
etidronate Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.	4.1	4	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; chelator
etilefrine Etilefrine: A phenylephrine-related beta-1 adrenergic and alpha adrenergic agonist used as a cardiotonic and antihypotensive agent.	2.95	4	0	phenols
etodolac Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.	4.86	10	0	monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
2-hexyloxybenzamide 2-hexyloxybenzamide: structure	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; benzamides	antifungal agent
brl 42810 [no description available]	4.56	7	0	2-aminopurines; acetate ester	antiviral drug; prodrug
famotidine Famotidine: A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.	2.03	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide	anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group.	2.46	2	0	aromatic ether; hydrazone; nitrile; organofluorine compound	ATP synthase inhibitor; geroprotector; ionophore
felbamate Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy.	4.86	10	0	carbamate ester	anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent
4-biphenylylacetic acid biphenyl-4-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is substituted by a biphenyl-4-yl group. An active metabolite of fenbufen, it is used as a topical medicine to treat muscle inflammation and arthritis.	2.51	2	0	biphenyls; monocarboxylic acid	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
felodipine Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.	8.25	28	2	dichlorobenzene; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
fenbufen fenbufen: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.13	1	0	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; biphenyls	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fendiline Fendiline: Coronary vasodilator; inhibits calcium function in muscle cells in excitation-contraction coupling; proposed as antiarrhythmic and antianginal agents.	2.46	2	0	diarylmethane
fenfluramine Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.	2.93	4	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; secondary amino compound	appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
fenofibrate Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE	5.18	14	0	aromatic ether; chlorobenzophenone; isopropyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
fenoldopam Fenoldopam: A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.	4.21	5	0	benzazepine	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; dopamine agonist; dopaminergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
fenoprofen Fenoprofen: A propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.. fenoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 3-phenoxyphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the dihydrate form of the calcium salt is used for the management of mild to moderate pain and for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with disorders such as arthritis. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding.	3.89	3	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
berotek Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.	3.29	6	0	resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
fenspiride fenspiride: was heading 1975-94 (see under SPIRO COMPOUNDS 1975-90); use SPIRO COMPOUNDS to search FENSPIRIDE 1975-94; bronchodilator agent used in asthma	2.45	2	0	azaspiro compound
fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	4.85	10	0	anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
fexofenadine fexofenadine: a second generation antihistamine; metabolite of the antihistaminic drug terfenadine; structure in first source; RN refers to HCl. fexofenadine : A piperidine-based anti-histamine compound.	5.05	7	0	piperidines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist
fipexide fipexide: regulates dopaminergic systems at macromolecular level	4.28	5	0	benzodioxoles
flavoxate Flavoxate: A drug that has been used in various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic. Its therapeutic usefulness and its mechanism of action are not clear. It may have local anesthetic activity and direct relaxing effects on smooth muscle as well as some activity as a muscarinic antagonist.. flavoxate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid with 2-(1-piperidinyl)ethanol.	3.59	2	0	carboxylic ester; flavones; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
flecainide Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).	9.93	11	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; organofluorine compound; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug
fleroxacin Fleroxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.. fleroxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 by 2-fluoroethyl, carboxy, fluoro, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.	3.14	5	0	difluorobenzene; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-alkylpiperazine; quinolines	antibacterial drug; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	5.16	14	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
flucytosine Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.	5.09	13	0	aminopyrimidine; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine antifungal drug; pyrimidone	prodrug
flufenamic acid Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.	3.31	6	0	aromatic amino acid; organofluorine compound	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluphenazine [no description available]	4.42	6	0	N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	anticoronaviral agent; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.	5.02	12	0	ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound	antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist
flumequine flumequine: structure. flumequine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-flumequine. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, formerly used in veterinary medicine for stock breeding and treatment of aquacultures.. 9-fluoro-5-methyl-1-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-2-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyridoquinolines that is 1-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline carrying additional carboxy, methyl and fluoro substituents at positions 2, 5 and 9 respectively.	2.13	1	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; pyridoquinoline; quinolone antibiotic
flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.	2.72	3	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound; monofluorobenzenes	anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative
fluorescite fluorescein (acid form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent and commonly used as a fluorescent tracer.	4.08	4	0	benzoic acids; cyclic ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; phenols; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	5.23	15	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	5.53	12	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
fluphenazine depot fluphenazine decanoate : The prodrug of fluphenazine, an antipsychotic drug used for the symptomatic management of psychosis in patients with schizophrenia.	2.02	1	0	decanoate ester; N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; prodrug
fluphenazine enanthate [no description available]	2.02	1	0	phenothiazines
flurazepam Flurazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.. flurazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group and chloro group at positions 1, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a partial agonist of GABAA receptors and used for the treatment of insomnia.	3.23	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative
flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.	5.01	12	0	fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluspirilene Fluspirilene: A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia.	2.74	3	0	diarylmethane
flutamide Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.	5.3	16	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
fomepizole Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4.	3.59	2	0	pyrazoles	antidote; EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor; protective agent
formoterol fumarate N-[2-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-{[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenyl]formamide : A phenylethanoloamine having 4-hydroxy and 3-formamido substituents on the phenyl ring and an N-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl substituent.	2.03	1	0	formamides; phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
foscarnet Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.	4.76	9	0	carboxylic acid; one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
fpl 64176 FPL 64176: an activator of L-type calcium channels; structure given in first source. FPL 64176 : 1H-Pyrrole substituted at C-2 and -5 by methyl groups, at C-3 by methoxycarbonyl and at C-4 by a 2-benzylbenzoyl group.	2.03	1	0	carboxylic ester; pyrroles	calcium channel agonist
furafylline [no description available]	2.46	2	0	oxopurine
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	16.68	306	48	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
fusaric acid Fusaric Acid: A picolinic acid derivative isolated from various Fusarium species. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic applications but is primarily used as a research tool. Its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. It probably inhibits DOPAMINE BETA-HYDROXYLASE, the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine. It may also have other actions, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis.	3.99	4	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.	5.02	12	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
gabexate Gabexate: A serine proteinase inhibitor used therapeutically in the treatment of pancreatitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and as a regional anticoagulant for hemodialysis. The drug inhibits the hydrolytic effects of thrombin, plasmin, and kallikrein, but not of chymotrypsin and aprotinin.	4.46	5	1	benzoate ester
4-amino-5-hexynoic acid 4-amino-5-hexynoic acid: structure	2.03	1	0
vanoxerine vanoxerine: structure given in first source. vanoxerine : An N-alkylpiperazine that consists of piperazine bearing 2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl and 3-phenylpropyl groups at positions 1 and 4 respectively. Potent, competitive inhibitor of dopamine uptake (Ki = 1 nM for inhibition of striatal dopamine uptake). Has > 100-fold lower affinity for the noradrenalin and 5-HT uptake carriers. Also a potent sigma ligand (IC50 = 48 nM). Centrally active following systemic administration.	2.04	1	0	ether; N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound	dopamine uptake inhibitor
gemfibrozil [no description available]	5.02	12	0	aromatic ether	antilipemic drug
guanidinoethylmercaptosuccinic acid [no description available]	3.49	2	0
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	3.87	12	0
glafenine Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market.	4.26	5	0	aminoquinoline; carboxylic ester; glycol; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gliclazide Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.	9.94	8	1	N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; radical scavenger
glimepiride glimepiride: structure given in first source	4.95	11	0	sulfonamide
glipizide Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	5.1	13	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-sulfonylurea; pyrazines	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.	2.6	1	0	dialdehyde	cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative
glutethimide Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.	3.15	5	0	piperidines
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	6.32	28	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid (1,1-dimethyl-3-pyrrolidin-1-iumyl) ester [no description available]	3.23	1	0	benzenes
gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.	2.4	2	0
granisetron [no description available]	4.4	6	0	aromatic amide; indazoles
fluorometholone [no description available]	2.13	1	0
guaiazulene guaiazulene: structure	2.05	1	0	sesquiterpene
guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.	4.91	2	1	methoxybenzenes
guanethidine Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.	5.95	14	0	azocanes; guanidines	adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; sympatholytic agent
guanfacine Guanfacine: A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.	4.8	10	0	acetamides
guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.	3.23	1	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.	2.5	2	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)piperazine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	isoquinolines
fasudil fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.	2.8	3	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonyldiazepane	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; nootropic agent; vasodilator agent
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	6.99	23	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
halothane [no description available]	4.98	9	1	haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
harmaline Harmaline: A beta-carboline alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM.. harmaline : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond.	2.13	1	0	harmala alkaloid	oneirogen
hemicholinium 3 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	morpholines
hexachlorophene Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.	2.98	4	0	bridged diphenyl fungicide; polyphenol; trichlorobenzene	acaricide; antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug
miltefosine miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.	2.54	2	0	phosphocholines; phospholipid	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; apoptosis inducer; immunomodulator; protein kinase inhibitor
4-fluorohexahydrosiladifenidol [no description available]	2.03	1	0
hexamethonium Hexamethonium: A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool.	5.33	18	0	quaternary ammonium salt
hexestrol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
hexetidine Hexetidine: A bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)	2.05	1	0	organic heteromonocyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.	2.95	4	0	barbiturates
hexylresorcinol [no description available]	2.6	1	0	resorcinols
beta-thujaplicin beta-thujaplicin: structure. beta-thujaplicin : A monoterpenoid that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and an isopropyl group at position 4. Isolated from Thuja plicata and Chamaecyparis obtusa, it exhibits antimicrobial activities.	2.6	1	0	cyclic ketone; enol; monoterpenoid	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiplasmodial drug; plant metabolite
hexamethylene bisacetamide N,N'-diacetyl-1,6-diaminohexane: chemical name obtained from Acta Biol Hung 1990;41(1-3):199-208	2.13	1	0	acetamides
hycanthone Hycanthone: Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.. hycanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel.	3.02	4	0	thioxanthenes	mutagen; schistosomicide drug
hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.	15.53	177	15	azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines	antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	18.6	323	158	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
hydroflumethiazide Hydroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822). hydroflumethiazide : A benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide.	4.39	6	0	benzothiadiazine; thiazide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.	7.91	8	1	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea [no description available]	5.82	16	0	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.	4.42	6	0	hydroxyether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine	anticoronaviral agent; antipruritic drug; anxiolytic drug; dermatologic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
hypericin [no description available]	2.04	1	0
ibudilast [no description available]	2.03	1	0	pyrazolopyridine
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	5.92	32	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
ic 261 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	indoles
phenelzine Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.	4.54	7	0	primary amine
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	5.27	16	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
alverine alverine : A tertiary amine having one ethyl and two 3-phenylprop-1-yl groups attached to the nitrogen. An antispasmodic that acts directly on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle, it is used (particularly as the citrate salt) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.	2.05	1	0	tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug
idebenone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; primary alcohol	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor
ifenprodil ifenprodil: NMDA receptor antagonist	4.2	3	0	piperidines
ifosfamide [no description available]	4.95	11	0	ifosfamides	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	5.32	17	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.	11.55	20	0	bipyridines	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
incadronate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)
indapamide Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.	10.78	27	12	indoles; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
indirubin-3'-monoxime indirubin-3'-monoxime: has antiangiogenic activity. indirubin-3'-monoxime : A member of the class of biindoles that is indirubin in which the keto group at position 3' has undergone condensation with hydroxylamine to form the corresponding oxime.	2.03	1	0
indole-3-carbinol indole-3-carbinol: occurs in edible cruciferous vegetables. indole-3-methanol : An indolyl alcohol carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It is a constituent of the cruciferous vegetables and had anticancer activity.	2.05	1	0	indolyl alcohol	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	13.22	224	11	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
indoprofen Indoprofen: A drug that has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Following reports of adverse reactions including reports of carcinogenicity in animal studies it was withdrawn from the market worldwide. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p21). indoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(1-oxo-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)phenyl group. Initially used as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic, it was withdrawn from the market due to causing severe gastrointestinal bleeding. It has been subsequently found to increase production of the survival motor neuron protein.	2.13	1	0	gamma-lactam; isoindoles; monocarboxylic acid	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
iodixanol iodixanol: dimeric contrast media; structure given in first source. iodixanol : A dimeric, non-ionic, water-soluble, radiographic contrast agent, used particularly in coronary angiography.	2.02	1	0	organoiodine compound	radioopaque medium
iodoacetamide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
iohexol Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.	3.15	5	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iopromide iopromide: structure given in first source. iopromide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration.	2.73	3	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; nephrotoxic agent; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iothalamic acid Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.	2.46	2	0	organic molecular entity
iodipamide Iodipamide: A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.. adipiodone : An organoiodine compound that is 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl group. It is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.	2.05	1	0	benzoic acids; organoiodine compound; secondary carboxamide	radioopaque medium
iotroxic acid iotroxic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.06	1	0	organic molecular entity
ioversol [no description available]	3.56	2	0	amidobenzoic acid
ipriflavone ipriflavone : A member of the class of isoflavones that is isoflavone in which the hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by an isopropoxy group. A synthetic isoflavone, it was formerly used for the treatment of osteoporosis, although a randomised controlled study failed to show any benefit. It is still used to prevent osteoporosis in post-menopausal women.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; isoflavones	bone density conservation agent
iproniazid [no description available]	4.67	8	0	carbohydrazide; pyridines
avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.	12.37	40	7	azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.	2.9	4	0	3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isocarboxazid Isocarboxazid: An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)	4.27	5	0	benzenes
isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.	9.32	4	1	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	5.29	16	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
4-piperidinecarboxylic acid 4-piperidinecarboxylic acid: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2.91	4	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	10.23	84	1	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
isoxsuprine Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor.	3.59	2	0	alkylbenzene
isradipine Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.	9.1	21	7	benzoxadiazole; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester
itraconazole [no description available]	4.95	11	0	piperazines
4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline WHI P131: a quinazoline derivative, inhibitor of glioblastoma cell adhesion and migration	2.03	1	0
jl 18 JL 18: a pyridobenzodiazepine derivative bioisoster of clozapine	2.03	1	0
staurosporine aglycone staurosporine aglycone: metabolite from culture broth of Nocardiopsis sp.; a neurotrophin antag; inhibits BDNF TrkB receptor	2.17	1	0
nsc 664704 kenpaullone: inhibits CDK1/cyclin B; structure in first source. kenpaullone : An indolobenzazepine that is paullone in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by a bromo substituent. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta).	2.45	2	0	indolobenzazepine; lactam; organobromine compound	cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	4.54	7	0	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.	8.05	16	3	aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	5.9	18	0	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	11.87	20	1	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ketorolac Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.	4.94	11	0	amino acid; aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrrolizines; racemate	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ketotifen Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect.	2.75	3	0	cyclic ketone; olefinic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	anti-asthmatic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
khellin Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.	3	4	0	furanochromone; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle	anti-asthmatic agent; bronchodilator agent; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
kojic acid [no description available]	2.6	1	0	4-pyranones; enol; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor; NF-kappaB inhibitor; skin lightening agent
kynurenic acid Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.	2.43	2	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid 2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid: metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist; do not confuse AP-3 used as an abbreviation for this with enhancer-binding protein AP-3 (a trans-activator) or clathrin assembly protein AP-3. 2-amino-3-phosphonopropanoic acid : A non-proteinogenc alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by a dihydroxy(oxido)-lambda(5)-phosphanyl group.	2.03	1	0	alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; phosphonic acids	human metabolite; metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
benzylsuccinic acid benzylsuccinic acid: inhibitor of carboxypeptidase A. 2-benzylsuccinic acid : A dicarboxylic acid consisting of succinic acid carrying a 2-benzyl substituent.	1.96	1	0	dicarboxylic acid	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
labetalol Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.	10.77	53	7	benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
lamotrigine [no description available]	4.94	11	0	1,2,4-triazines; dichlorobenzene; primary arylamine	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; antimanic drug; calcium channel blocker; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; excitatory amino acid antagonist; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; xenobiotic
lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.	5.29	16	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
lapachol lapachol : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone substituted by hydroxy and 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl groups at positions 2 and 3, respectively. It is a natural compound that exhibits antibacterial and anticancer properties, first isolated in 1882 from the bark of Tabebuia avellanedae.	2.6	1	0
beta-lapachone beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.	2.45	2	0	benzochromenone; orthoquinones	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
leflunomide Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.	4.78	9	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
letrozole [no description available]	4.26	5	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
linopirdine linopirdine: acetylcholine releasing drug	2.03	1	0	indoles
lofepramine Lofepramine: A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE.	2.96	4	0	aromatic ketone; dibenzoazepine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant
lomefloxacin lomefloxacin: structure given in first source. lomefloxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery.	3.56	2	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; photosensitizing agent
lomustine [no description available]	4.26	5	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
loperamide Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.	5.07	7	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist
loratadine Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.	6.95	12	0	benzocycloheptapyridine; ethyl ester; N-acylpiperidine; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist
lorazepam Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.	4.4	6	0	benzodiazepine
lorglumide lorglumide: RN given refers to (+-)-isomer. lorglumide : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-lorglumide.. N(2)-(3,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-N,N-dipentyl-alpha-glutamine : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of N-(3,4-dichlorobenzoyl)glutamic acid with the amino group of dipentylamine.	2.43	2	0	benzamides; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; dichlorobenzene; glutamic acid derivative
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position	18.15	402	43	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
loxapine Loxapine: An antipsychotic agent used in SCHIZOPHRENIA.	3.56	2	0	dibenzooxazepine	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
loxoprofen loxoprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source. loxoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-[(2-oxocyclopentyl)methyl]phenyl group. A prodrug that is rapidly converted into its active trans-alcohol metabolite following oral administration.	2.03	1	0	cyclopentanones; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
ly 171883 LY 171883: structure in first source; leukotriene receptor antagonist. tomelukast : A member of the class of acetophenones that is 1-phenylethanone substituted at position 2 by a hydroxy group, a propyl group at position 3 and a 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy group at position 4. A leukotriene antagonist, it exhibits anti-asthmatic activity.	2.13	1	0	acetophenones; aromatic ether; phenols; tetrazoles	anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source	2.03	1	0	chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound	autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
4-(dimethylamino)-n-(7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl)benzamide 4-(dimethylamino)-N-(7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl)benzamide: structure in first source. 4-(dimethylamino)-N-[7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl]benzamide : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid with the amino group of 7-amino-N-hydroxyheptanamide. It is a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylases and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in several human cancer cell lines.	2.6	1	0	benzamides; hydroxamic acid; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
mabuterol mabuterol: structure given in first source	2	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
mafenide Mafenide: A sulfonamide that inhibits the enzyme CARBONIC ANHYDRASE and is used as a topical anti-bacterial agent, especially in burn therapy.	2.6	1	0	aromatic amine
malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.	2.05	1	0	diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	isopropyl ester
maprotiline Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.	4.94	11	0	anthracenes
mazindol Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter.	2.46	2	0	organic molecular entity
edaravone [no description available]	2.13	1	0	pyrazolone	antioxidant; radical scavenger
mebendazole Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.	5.02	12	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
mecamylamine Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.	4.19	5	0	primary aliphatic amine
mechlorethamine nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.	3.86	3	0	nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent
meclizine Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.	4.08	4	0	diarylmethane
meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	5.38	19	0	aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
meclofenamate sodium anhydrous [no description available]	2.98	4	0	organic sodium salt
meclofenoxate Meclofenoxate: An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid
mefenamic acid Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	4.55	7	0	aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound	analgesic; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
mefloquine hydrochloride [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol : An organofluorine compound that consists of quinoline bearing trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 2 and 8 as well as a (2-piperidinyl)hydroxymethyl substituent at position 4.	2.44	2	0	organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinolines; secondary alcohol
memantine [no description available]	4.08	4	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.	2.98	4	0	1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical
mepenzolate mepenzolic acid: anticholinergic, antispasmodic agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.23	1	0	diarylmethane
meperidine Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.	4.52	7	0	ethyl ester; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
mephenytoin Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.	4.26	5	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant
mepivacaine Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.	4.07	4	0	piperidinecarboxamide	drug allergen; local anaesthetic
meprobamate Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)	4.41	6	0	organic molecular entity
mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.	4.41	6	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mesoridazine Mesoridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to CHLORPROMAZINE.. mesoridazine : A phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group.	3.23	1	0	phenothiazines; sulfoxide; tertiary amino compound	dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
metaproterenol Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself.	4.54	7	0	aralkylamino compound; phenylethanolamines; resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	14.28	23	1	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
methacrylic acid methacrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methacrylic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a methyl group.	1.96	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid
methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.	4.53	7	0	benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound
methapyrilene Methapyrilene: Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.. methapyrilene : A member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group.	2.74	3	0	ethylenediamine derivative	anti-allergic agent; carcinogenic agent; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative
methazolamide Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.	4.08	4	0	sulfonamide; thiadiazoles
methiothepin Methiothepin: A serotonin receptor antagonist in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM used as an antipsychotic.. methiothepin : A dibenzothiepine that is 10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepine bearing additional methylthio and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 8 and 10 respectively. Potent 5-HT2 antagonist, also active as 5-HT1 antagonist. Differentiates 5-HT1D sub-types. Also displays affinity for rodent 5-HT5B, 5-HT5A, 5-HT7 and 5-HT6 receptors (pK1 values are 6.6, 7.0, 8.4 and 8.7 respectively).	2.41	2	0	aryl sulfide; dibenzothiepine; N-alkylpiperazine; tertiary amino compound	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist
methocarbamol Methocarbamol: A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206). methocarbamol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.. 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate : A carbamate ester that is glycerol in which one of the primary alcohol groups has been converted to its 2-methoxyphenyl ether while the other has been converted to the corresponding carbamate ester.	3.98	3	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester; secondary alcohol
methoctramine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	aromatic ether; tetramine	muscarinic antagonist
methoxyamine methoxyamine: analytical reagent for aldehydes and ketones; strong irritant, can probably produce methemoglobinemia; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.05	1	0	organooxygen compound
methoxsalen Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.	4.05	4	0	aromatic ether; psoralens	antineoplastic agent; cross-linking reagent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
methoxyflurane Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.	2.74	3	0	ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	hepatotoxic agent; inhalation anaesthetic; nephrotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic
methyclothiazide Methyclothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825)	3.58	2	0	benzothiadiazine
nocodazole [no description available]	2.74	3	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; thiophenes	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
methyl salicylate methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.	2.45	2	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; salicylates	flavouring agent; insect attractant; metabolite
3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid
methylphenidate Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.	4.66	8	0	beta-amino acid ester; methyl ester; piperidines
methyprylon methyprylon: was heading 1973-94 (see under HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES 1963-72); use PIPERIDONES to search METHYPRYLON 1973-94	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.	11.79	19	1	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic
metolazone Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.	9.93	11	0	organochlorine compound; quinazolines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; ion transport inhibitor
metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.	11.75	69	23	aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	10.85	17	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
metyrapone Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.	3.87	3	0	aromatic ketone	antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mexiletine Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.	4.94	11	0	aromatic ether; primary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.	3.53	8	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist
miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.	2.97	4	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.	4.75	9	0	imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
midodrine Midodrine: An ethanolamine derivative that is an adrenergic alpha-1 agonist. It is used as a vasoconstrictor agent in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. midodrine : An aromatic ether that is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene which is substituted at position 2 by a 2-(glycylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with selective alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, it is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a peripheral vasoconstrictor in the treatment of certain hypotensive states. The main active moiety is its major metabolite, deglymidodrine.	3.56	2	0	amino acid amide; aromatic ether; secondary alcohol	alpha-adrenergic agonist; prodrug; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
milrinone [no description available]	7.12	15	2	bipyridines; nitrile; pyridone	cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
minoxidil Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.	12.75	64	5	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
mirtazapine Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.	4.65	8	0	benzazepine; tetracyclic antidepressant	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; oneirogen; serotonergic antagonist
mitotane Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.	4.07	4	0	diarylmethane
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	5.62	13	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
ml 7 ML-7 : An N-sulfonyldiazepane resullting from the formal condensation of 5-iodo-1-naphthylsulfonic acid with one of the nitrogens of 1,4-diazepane. It is a selective inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.18).	2.03	1	0	N-sulfonyldiazepane; organoiodine compound	EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor
moclobemide Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression.	3.55	8	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; morpholines	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
modafinil Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group.	3.59	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfoxide
molsidomine Molsidomine: A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.. molsidomine : A member of the class of oxadiazoles that is 1,2,3-oxadiazole substituted by morpholin-4-yl and (ethoxycarbonyl)azanidyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is used as a vasodilator drug for the treatment of myocardial ischemic syndrome and congestive heart failure.	3.99	4	0	ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion	antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
monodansylcadaverine monodansylcadaverine: inhibits cross linkage of fibrin. monodansylcadaverine : A sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid with one of the amino groups of cadaverine.	1.98	1	0	aminonaphthalene; primary amino compound; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; protective agent
moxisylyte Moxisylyte: An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312)	4.24	5	0	monoterpenoid
entinostat [no description available]	2.76	2	0	benzamides; carbamate ester; primary amino compound; pyridines; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
muscimol Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.	3.29	6	0	alkaloid; isoxazoles; primary amino compound	fungal metabolite; GABA agonist; oneirogen; psychotropic drug
deet N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide.	2.05	1	0	benzamides; monocarboxylic acid amide	environmental contaminant; insect repellent; xenobiotic
n-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide: calmodulin antagonist; structure given in first source. N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloronaphthalene-2-sulfonamide : A sulfonamide that is 5-chloronaphthalene-2-sulfonamide in which one of the hydrogens of the nitrogen atom is substituted by a 4-aminobutyl group.	2.03	1	0	naphthalenes; organochlorine compound; primary amino compound; sulfonamide
fidexaban Fidexaban: structure in first source	3.1	1	0
acecainide Acecainide: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.. N-acetylprocainamide : A benzamide obtained via formal condensation of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine.	3.16	5	0	acetamides; benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug
n-bromoacetamide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.	3.78	11	0	maleimides	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
fg 7142 FG 7142: benzodiazepine receptor agonist	2.03	1	0	beta-carbolines
clorgyline Clorgyline: An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE.. clorgyline : An aromatic ether that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ether of 3-aminopropan-1-ol in which the nitrogen is substituted by a methyl group and a prop-1-yn-3-yl group. A monoamine oxidase inhibitor, it was formerly used as an antidepressant.	2.44	2	0	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
deoxyepinephrine Deoxyepinephrine: Sympathomimetic, vasoconstrictor agent.	6.72	11	6	catecholamine
fenamic acid fenamic acid: has chloride and potassium channel-blocking activity; RN given refers to parent cpd. fenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is the N-phenyl derivative of anthranilic acid. It acts as a parent skeleton for the synthesis of several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.	2.03	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound	membrane transport modulator
n 0840 N(6)-cyclopentyl-9-methyladenine: selective, orally active A(1) adenosine receptor antagonist	2.03	1	0
nabumetone Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.	4.55	7	0	methoxynaphthalene; methyl ketone	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
nadolol [no description available]	3.61	2	0	tetralins
nafamostat nafamostat: inhibitor of trypsin, plasmin, pancreatic kallikrein, plasma kallikrein & thrombin; strongly inhibits esterolytic activities of C1r & C1 esterase complement-mediated hemolysis; antineoplastic	7.28	7	1	benzoic acids; guanidines
nalidixic acid [no description available]	4.67	8	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
naratriptan naratriptan: structure given in first source	4.08	4	0	heteroarylpiperidine; sulfonamide; tryptamines	serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
nefazodone nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct	5.18	14	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazoles	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; analgesic; antidepressant; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
nefopam Nefopam: Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26). nefopam : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.. 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine : A member of the class of benzoxazocines that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine substituted by phenyl and methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 respectively.	2.46	2	0	benzoxazocine; tertiary amino compound
neostigmine Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.	2.42	2	0	quaternary ammonium ion	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nevirapine Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.	5.11	13	0	cyclopropanes; dipyridodiazepine	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nialamide Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.	4.27	5	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
nicardipine Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.	10.38	43	13	benzenes; C-nitro compound; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound
niceritrol Niceritrol: An ester of nicotinic acid that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides in total plasma and in the VLD- and LD-lipoprotein fractions.	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
niclosamide Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.	2.03	1	0	benzamides; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; salicylanilides; secondary carboxamide	anthelminthic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antiparasitic agent; apoptosis inducer; molluscicide; piscicide; STAT3 inhibitor
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	17.79	256	93	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
niflumic acid Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.	2.76	3	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
nilutamide [no description available]	4.25	5	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; imidazolidinone	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
nilvadipine [no description available]	9.06	3	1	dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester; nitrile
nimesulide nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.	4.78	9	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	10.28	16	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
nipecotic acid nipecotic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. nipecotic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is piperidine in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group.	2.03	1	0	beta-amino acid; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
nisoldipine Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.	7.56	16	3	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
nitrazepam Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome).	3.29	6	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound	anticonvulsant; antispasmodic drug; drug metabolite; GABA modulator; sedative
nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.	9.09	43	18	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.	12.87	87	19	nitroglycerol	explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
nitromide nitromide: antibacterial agent for prevention & treatment of Salmonella pullorum infections in chickens & turkeys & for fowl typhoid & paratyphoid; used in feed; structure	2.06	1	0
nizatidine [no description available]	4.85	10	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound; carboxamidine; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound	anti-ulcer drug; cholinergic drug; H2-receptor antagonist
nomifensine Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.	4.77	9	0	isoquinolines	dopamine uptake inhibitor
masoprocol nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)	2.73	3	0	catechols; lignan; tetrol	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; plant metabolite
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	4.66	8	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cm 7116 norflutoprazepam: structure	2.13	1	0	benzodiazepine
nortriptyline Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.	5.01	12	0	organic tricyclic compound; secondary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite
5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid: structure given in first source; chloride channel antagonist	2.03	1	0	nitrobenzoic acid
ns 2028 NS 2028: structure in first source	2.44	2	0
ns 1619 NS 1619: structure given in first source. NS 1619 : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced are replaced by 2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. It is an opener/activator of the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (Bkca).	2.03	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; benzimidazoles; phenols	potassium channel opener
n-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide: structure given in first source. NS-398 : A C-nitro compound that is N-methylsulfonyl-4-nitroaniline bearing an additional cyclohexyloxy substituent at position 2.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
nylidrin Nylidrin: A beta-adrenergic agonist. Nylidrin causes peripheral vasodilation, a positive inotropic effect, and increased gastric volume of gastric juice. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disorders and premature labor.	2.04	1	0	alkylbenzene
o(6)-benzylguanine O(6)-benzylguanine: a suicide inhibitor of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity	2.03	1	0
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	5.09	13	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
olomoucine olomoucine: inhibits protein P34CDC2. olomoucine : A 9H-purine that is substituted by a (2-hydroxyethyl)nitrilo, benzylnitrilo and a methyl group at positions 2,6 and 9, respectively. It is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor.	2.45	2	0	2,6-diaminopurines; ethanolamines	EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	5.1	13	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.	5.01	12	0	carbazoles
orphenadrine Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.	3.86	3	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; NMDA receptor antagonist; parasympatholytic
osalmide osalmide: structure	2.6	1	0	organic molecular entity
oxamniquine Oxamniquine: An anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine causes worms to shift from the mesenteric veins to the liver where the male worms are retained; the female worms return to the mesentery, but can no longer release eggs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p121). oxamniquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxamniquine. An anthelmintic, it is administered orally for the treatment of schistomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (but not by other Schistosoma species); intramuscular administration is no longer used as it causes severe pain at the injection site.. {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol : A member of the class of quinolines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 2, 6, and 7 by (isopropylamino)methyl, hydroxymethyl, and nitro groups, respectively.	2.05	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; C-nitro compound; quinolines; secondary amino compound
oxaprozin Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	4.65	8	0	1,3-oxazoles; monocarboxylic acid	analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
oxatomide oxatomide: structure; an anti-allergic & an anti-asthmatic. oxatomide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one substituted by a 3-[4-(diphenylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at position 1. It is an anti-allergic drug.	2.74	3	0	benzimidazoles; diarylmethane; N-alkylpiperazine	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
oxazepam Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.	7.29	12	3	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
oxethazaine [no description available]	2.54	2	0	amino acid amide
oxibendazole oxibendazole: structure	2.46	2	0	benzimidazoles; carbamate ester
oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).	3.24	6	0	benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound	drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin
oxiracetam oxiracetam: structure in first source	3.11	5	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
oxolinic acid quinolone antibiotic : An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton.	2.03	1	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; enzyme inhibitor
oxotremorine Oxotremorine: A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool.	1.99	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine
oxprenolol Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.	7.94	15	5	aromatic ether
oxybenzone oxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.	2.05	1	0	hydroxybenzophenone; monomethoxybenzene	dermatologic drug; environmental contaminant; protective agent; ultraviolet filter; xenobiotic
oxybutynin oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.	4.56	7	0	acetylenic compound; carboxylic ester; racemate; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; calcium channel blocker; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; parasympatholytic
oxyphenbutazone Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.	3.1	5	0	phenols; pyrazolidines	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; drug metabolite; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite
aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.	4.89	10	0	aminobenzoic acid; phenols	antitubercular agent
quinone benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).	2.03	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones	cofactor; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
fenclonine Fenclonine: A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin.	2.41	2	0	phenylalanine derivative
palmidrol palmidrol: a cannabinoid receptor-inactive eCB-related molecule used as prophylactic in helping to prevent respiratory viral infection. palmitoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid.	2.52	2	0	endocannabinoid; N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine; N-(saturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine	anti-inflammatory drug; anticonvulsant; antihypertensive agent; neuroprotective agent
pamidronate [no description available]	4.54	7	0	phosphonoacetic acid
pantoprazole Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.	4.66	8	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	5.3	17	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
4-dichlorobenzene dichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.. 1,4-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1 and 4.	2.74	3	0	dichlorobenzene	insecticide
1,7-dimethylxanthine 1,7-dimethylxanthine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 1 and 7. It is a metabolite of caffeine and theobromine in animals.	2.03	1	0	dimethylxanthine	central nervous system stimulant; human blood serum metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
pargyline Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.	7.91	4	0	aromatic amine
pd 153035 4-((3-bromophenyl)amino)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline: structure given in first source. PD-153035 : A member of the class of quinazolines carrying a 3-bromophenylamino substituent at position 4 and two methoxy substituents at positions 6 and 7.	2.04	1	0	aromatic amine; aromatic ether; bromobenzenes; quinazolines; secondary amino compound	EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.	2.96	4	0	aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone	EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
pemoline Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity.	4.54	7	0	1,3-oxazoles	central nervous system stimulant
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.	4.75	9	0	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	5.09	14	0	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline [no description available]	8.96	21	4	oxopurine
perazine Perazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. Extrapyramidal symptoms may be more common than other side effects.. perazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazinecarries a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl substituent at the N-10 position.	2.05	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; phenothiazines	dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
perhexiline Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis.	4.45	6	0	piperidines	cardiovascular drug
perphenazine Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.	4.94	11	0	N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacemide phenacemide: anti-epileptic drug; structure	2.04	1	0	acetamides
phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione	3.66	9	0	acetamides; aromatic ether	cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
phenazopyridine Phenazopyridine: A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.. phenazopyridine : A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.	2.8	3	0	diaminopyridine; monoazo compound	anticoronaviral agent; carcinogenic agent; local anaesthetic; non-narcotic analgesic
phenindione Phenindione: An indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to WARFARIN, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p234)	2.49	2	0	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone	anticoagulant
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	5.07	13	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
phenolphthalein Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.	2.74	3	0	phenols
phenoxybenzamine Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.	5.23	16	0	aromatic amine
phentermine Phentermine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity.	4.08	4	0	primary amine	adrenergic agent; appetite depressant; central nervous system drug; central nervous system stimulant; dopaminergic agent; sympathomimetic agent
4-phenylbutyric acid 4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.	3.98	3	0	monocarboxylic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; prodrug
phenyl biguanide phenyl biguanide: RN given refers to parent cpd. phenyl biguanide : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a phenyl group.	2.42	2	0	guanidines	central nervous system drug
phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.	3.75	10	0	pyrazolidines	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.	2.6	1	0	acyl fluoride	serine proteinase inhibitor
phloretin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	dihydrochalcones	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
phthalylsulfathiazole phthalylsulfathiazole: minor descriptor (63-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search SULFATHIAZOLES (66-86); RN given refers to parent cpd. phthalylsulfathiazole : A sulfonamide incorporating 2-carboxybenzamido and 1,3-thiazol-2-yl moieties that is a broad-spectrum antibiotic indicated in the treatment of dysentery, colitis, gastroenteritis and intestinal surgery.	2.06	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide
o-phthalaldehyde o-Phthalaldehyde: A reagent that forms fluorescent conjugation products with primary amines. It is used for the detection of many biogenic amines, peptides, and proteins in nanogram quantities in body fluids.. phthalaldehyde : A dialdehyde in which two formyl groups are attached to adjacent carbon centres on a benzene ring.	2.74	3	0	benzaldehydes; dialdehyde	epitope
moxonidine moxonidine: structure given in first source	7.39	19	2	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
picotamide picotamide: has anticoagulant & fibrinolytic properties; structure	2.03	1	0	benzamides
pilsicainide pilsicainide: structure given in first source. pilsicainide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline with the carboxy group of (tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-7a(5H)-yl)acetic acid. It is a sodium channel blocker which is used as an antiarrhythmic drug for the management of atrial tachyarrhythmias in Japan.	3.57	2	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary carboxamide	anti-arrhythmia drug; sodium channel blocker
pimobendan pimobendan: produces arterial & venous dilatation in dogs; structure given in first source	5.21	6	2	benzimidazoles; pyridazinone	cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
pinacidil Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)	9.8	7	1	pyridines
pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.	9.7	25	4	indoles; secondary amine	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
pioglitazone Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	6.43	12	0	aromatic ether; pyridines; thiazolidinediones	antidepressant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; insulin-sensitizing drug; PPARgamma agonist; xenobiotic
pipemidic acid Pipemidic Acid: Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.. pipemidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.	2.49	2	0	amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; pyridopyrimidine; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
piperazine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	anthelminthic drug
piperidine-4-sulfonic acid piperidine-4-sulfonic acid: specific GABA agonist	2.03	1	0
pipobroman Pipobroman: An antineoplastic agent that acts by alkylation.. pipobroman : An N-acylpiperazine that is piperazine in which each of the nitrogens has been acylated by a 3-bromopropionoyl group. An anti-cancer drug.	2.04	1	0	N-acylpiperazine; organobromine compound; tertiary carboxamide	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
piracetam Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.	2.95	4	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
pirbuterol pirbuterol: structure	2.73	3	0	pyridines
pirenperone [no description available]	2.47	2	0	aromatic ketone
pirenzepine Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.	2.42	2	0	pyridobenzodiazepine	anti-ulcer drug; antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
piretanide piretanide: potent inhibitor of chloride transport; structure	4.09	3	1	aromatic ether
piribedil Piribedil: A dopamine D2 agonist. It is used in the treatment of parkinson disease, particularly for alleviation of tremor. It has also been used for circulatory disorders and in other applications as a D2 agonist.	2.08	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
pj-34 PJ34 : A member of the class of phenanthridines that is 5,6-dihydrophenanthridine substituted at positions 2 and 6 by (N,N-dimethylglycyl)amino and oxo groups, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 of 110 nM and 86 nM, respectively) and exhibits anti-cancer, cardioprotective and neuroprotective properties.	2.6	1	0	phenanthridines; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antiatherosclerotic agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
polythiazide [no description available]	3.58	2	0	benzothiadiazine
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	4.06	15	0	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
4-aminobenzoic acid para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid.	2.38	2	0	aminobenzoate; aromatic amino-acid anion	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
practolol Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.. practolol : N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	4.48	7	0	acetamides; ethanolamines; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist
duodote duodote: consists of atropine and pralidoxime chloride; for treating those exposed to organophosphorus-containing nerve agents	3.23	1	0	pyridinium ion	antidote to organophosphate poisoning; antidote to sarin poisoning; cholinergic drug; cholinesterase reactivator
pramoxine pramoxine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pramocaine : A member of the class of morpholines that is morpholine substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 3-(4-butoxyphenoxy)propyl group.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; morpholines	local anaesthetic
ono 1078 pranlukast: SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	2.08	1	0	chromones
pyranoprofen pyranoprofen: RN given refers to unlabled parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.08	1	0	pyridochromene
prazepam Prazepam: A benzodiazepine that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.	2.02	1	0	benzodiazepine
praziquantel azinox: Russian drug	9.94	11	0	isoquinolines
szl 49 SZL 49: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.	14.38	161	27	aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
prilocaine Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.. prilocaine : An amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.	2.44	2	0	amino acid amide; monocarboxylic acid amide	anticonvulsant; local anaesthetic
primaquine Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.	4.76	9	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; N-substituted diamine	antimalarial
primidone Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.	5.02	12	0	pyrimidone	anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.	6.08	22	0	benzoic acids; sulfonamide	uricosuric drug
probucol Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.	3.45	7	0	dithioketal; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory drug; anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug
procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	5.66	14	0	benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker
procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.	2.96	4	0	benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug
procarbazine Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.	4.25	5	0	benzamides; hydrazines	antineoplastic agent
procaterol Procaterol: A long-acting beta-2-adrenergic receptor agonist.	2.38	2	0	quinolines
prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.	4.54	7	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antiemetic; cholinergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic
procyclidine Procyclidine: A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.. procyclidine : A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3.	4.53	7	0	pyrrolidines; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist
proglumide Proglumide: A drug that exerts an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and reduces gastrointestinal motility. It is used clinically in the drug therapy of gastrointestinal ulcers.. proglumide : A racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-proglumide. A non-selective CCK antagonist that was used primarily for treatment of stomach ulcers, but has been replaced by newer drugs.. N(2)-benzoyl-N,N-dipropyl-alpha-glutamine : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of N-benzoylglutamic acid with dippropylamine.	2.42	2	0	benzamides; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; glutamine derivative; racemate	anti-ulcer drug; cholecystokinin antagonist; cholinergic antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; drug metabolite; gastrointestinal drug; opioid analgesic; xenobiotic metabolite
promazine Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.	2.97	4	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist
promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.	4.94	11	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative
propafenone Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.	9.65	8	0	aromatic ketone; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
propantheline Propantheline: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking.	3.23	1	0	xanthenes
propentofylline [no description available]	2.03	1	0	oxopurine
propiverine propiverine: anticholinergic used for overactive bladder syndrome	2.05	1	0	diarylmethane
propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.	4.86	10	0	phenols	anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	14.03	193	39	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
protriptyline Protriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation.	3.83	3	0	carbotricyclic compound	antidepressant
proxyphylline [no description available]	2.13	1	0	oxopurine
pyridinolcarbamate Pyridinolcarbamate: A drug that has been given by mouth in the treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular disorders, hyperlipidemias, and thrombo-embolic disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1408)	2.05	1	0	pyridines
pyridostigmine [no description available]	4.08	4	0	pyridinium ion
pyrilamine Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.	3.23	6	0	aromatic ether; ethylenediamine derivative	H1-receptor antagonist
pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds	4.66	8	0	aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
sch 16134 quazepam: structure given in first source	3.56	2	0	benzodiazepine
quetiapine [no description available]	3.59	2	0	dibenzothiazepine; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
rabeprazole Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.	4.26	5	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
raloxifene raloxifene : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl, p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively.	4.25	5	0	1-benzothiophenes; aromatic ketone; N-oxyethylpiperidine; phenols	bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
ranitidine [no description available]	5.34	17	0	aralkylamine
opc 12759 rebamipide: structure in first source; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; inhibits gastric xanthine oxidase	2.05	1	0	secondary carboxamide
resorcinol resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7951. resorcinol : A benzenediol that is benzene dihydroxylated at positions 1 and 3.	2.04	1	0	benzenediol; phenolic donor; resorcinols	erythropoietin inhibitor; sensitiser
pf 5901 alpha-pentyl-3-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)benzenemethanol: structure given in first source; platelet activating factor antagonist	2.47	2	0	quinolines
riluzole Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.	4.76	9	0	benzothiazoles
rimantadine Rimantadine: An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.	4.11	4	0	alkylamine
risperidone Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.	5.09	13	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
ritanserin Ritanserin: A selective and potent serotonin-2 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of a variety of syndromes related to anxiety and depression. The drug also improves the subjective quality of sleep and decreases portal pressure.. ritanserin : A thiazolopyrimidine that is 5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one which is substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 2-{4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl group. A potent and long-acting seratonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) antagonist of the subtype 5-HT2 (Ki = 0.39 nM), it is used in the treatment of a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. It has little sedative action.	2.75	3	0	organofluorine compound; piperidines; thiazolopyrimidine	antidepressant; antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
rizatriptan rizatriptan: structure given in first source; RN given refers to benzoate	3.85	3	0	tryptamines	anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone 4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone: Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.	2.03	1	0	methoxybenzenes
rofecoxib [no description available]	2.47	2	0	butenolide; sulfone	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
rolipram [no description available]	3.01	4	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	antidepressant; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
ronidazole Ronidazole: Antiprotozoal and antimicrobial agent used mainly in veterinary practice.. ronidazole : A carbamate ester that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by methyl and (carbamoyloxy)methyl groups, respectively. An antiprotozoal agent, it is used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of histomoniasis and swine dysentery.	2.13	1	0	C-nitro compound; carbamate ester; imidazoles	antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
ropinirole [no description available]	3.23	1	0	indolones; tertiary amine	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; dopamine agonist
roxatidine acetate roxatidine acetate: structure given in first source	3.51	2	0	piperidines
saccharin Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.	2.46	2	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
salicylamide salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source	2.8	3	0	phenols; salicylamides	antirheumatic drug; non-narcotic analgesic
salmeterol xinafoate salmeterol : A racemate consisting of equal parts of (R)- and (S)-salmeterol. It is a potent and selective beta2-adrenoceptor agonist (EC50 = 5.3 nM). Unlike other beta2 agonists, it binds to the exo-site domain of beta2 receptors, producing a slow onset of action and prolonged activation.. 2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl)phenol : A phenol having a hydroxymethyl group at C-2 and a 1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl group at C-4; derivative of phenylethanolamine.	2.43	2	0	ether; phenols; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
sanguinarine benzophenanthridine alkaloid : A specific group of isoquinoline alkaloids that occur only in higher plants and are constituents mainly of the Papaveraceae family.	2.07	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; benzophenanthridine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent
salicylsalicylic acid salicylsalicylic acid: structure. salsalate : A dimeric benzoate ester obtained by intermolecular condensation between the carboxy of one molecule of salicylic acid with the phenol group of a second. It is a prodrug for salycylic acid that is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and also shows activity against type II diabetes.	3.23	1	0	benzoate ester; benzoic acids; phenols; salicylates	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
sb 202190 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole: structure given in first source; inhibits p38 MAP kinase	2.45	2	0	imidazoles; organofluorine compound; phenols; pyridines	apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
scriptaid scriptide: provokes translocation of GLUT4 to increase glucose uptake; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	isoquinolines
sebacic acid sebacic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,8-dicarboxy derivative of octane.	2.6	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	human metabolite; plant metabolite
secobarbital Secobarbital: A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity.. secobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by prop-2-en-1-yl and pentan-2-yl groups.	3.23	1	0	barbiturates	anaesthesia adjuvant; GABA modulator; sedative
semustine Semustine: 4-Methyl derivative of LOMUSTINE; (CCNU). An antineoplastic agent which functions as an alkylating agent.. semustine : An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-methylcyclohexyl group.	4	4	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent
sevoflurane Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.	2.44	2	0	ether; organofluorine compound	central nervous system depressant; inhalation anaesthetic; platelet aggregation inhibitor
sibutramine sibutramine: serotonin and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; Meridia is tradename for sibutramine hydrochloride	3.59	2	0	organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-obesity agent; serotonin uptake inhibitor
sulfadiazine Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.	4.83	10	0	pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; coccidiostat; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
linsidomine linsidomine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2	1	0	morpholines
sobuzoxane sobuzoxane: used in treatment of leukemia L1210	2.03	1	0	organic molecular entity
sodium fluoride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	fluoride salt	mutagen
risedronic acid Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.	4.41	6	0	pyridines
sotalol Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.	11.54	14	1	ethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound; sulfonamide	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
4-phenylbutyric acid, sodium salt sodium phenylbutyrate : The organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; orphan drug; prodrug
spiperone Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively.	2.4	2	0	aromatic ketone; azaspiro compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
aldactazide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	steroid lactone
spiroxatrine spiroxatrine: structure	2.03	1	0	imidazolidines
fenofibrate [no description available]	2.6	1	0	benzochromenone; delta-lactone; naphtho-alpha-pyrone	platelet aggregation inhibitor; Sir2 inhibitor
sq 22536 9-(tetrahydrofuryl)adenine : A nucleoside analogue that is adenine in which the nitrogen at position 9 has been substituted by a tetrahydrofuran-2-yl group. It is an adenylate cyclase inhibitor.	2.44	2	0	nucleoside analogue; oxolanes	EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
imatinib [no description available]	5.4	7	0	aromatic amine; benzamides; N-methylpiperazine; pyridines; pyrimidines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
streptonigrin [no description available]	2.48	2	0	pyridines; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).	5.09	7	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
succinylcholine Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.	3.59	2	0	quaternary ammonium ion; succinate ester	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent
succinylsulfathiazole succinylsulfathiazole: intestinal antimicrobial agent; structure	2.06	1	0	1,3-thiazoles
sulconazole sulconazole: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure given in first source. sulconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-sulconazole. An antifungal agent with activity against Candida species, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-[(4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanyl]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}-1H-imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-ethyl-1H-imidazole in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a (4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanediyl group while a second is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorophenyl group.	2.44	2	0	dichlorobenzene; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes; organic sulfide
sulfabenzamide sulfabenzamide : A sulfonamide containing a benzamido substituent on nitrogen. An antibacterial/antimicrobial, it is often used in conjunction with sulfathiazole and sulfacetamide as a topical, intravaginal antibacterial preparation.	2.77	3	0	benzenes; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial drug
sulfacetamide Sulfacetamide: An anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.. sulfacetamide : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen.	2.48	2	0	N-sulfonylcarboxamide; substituted aniline	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfadimethoxine Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.	2.49	2	0	aromatic ether; pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfaguanidine Sulfaguanidine: A sulfanilamide antimicrobial agent that is used to treat enteric infections.. sulfaguanidine : A sulfonamide incorporating a guanidine moiety used to block the synthesis of folic acid; mostly used in veterinary medicine	2.04	1	0	sulfonamide antibiotic	antiinfective agent
sulfamerazine [no description available]	2.49	2	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen
sulfameter Sulfameter: Long acting sulfonamide used in leprosy, urinary, and respiratory tract infections.. sulfamethoxydiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having a methoxy substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.05	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; leprostatic drug; renal agent
sulfamethazine Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.76	3	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ligand; xenobiotic
sulfamethizole Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2.	4.27	5	0	sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.	3.76	10	0	isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
sulfamethoxypyridazine Sulfamethoxypyridazine: A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent.. sulfamethoxypyridazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridazine having a methoxy substituent at the 6-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.	2.48	2	0	pyridazines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfanilamide [no description available]	2.97	4	0	substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; drug allergen; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulfanitran [no description available]	2.46	2	0	sulfonamide
sulfaphenazole Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent.	2.95	4	0	primary amino compound; pyrazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
sulfapyridine Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.45	2	0	pyridines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; dermatologic drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.	7.22	17	1
sulfathiazole Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	3.86	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfinpyrazone Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.	3.65	9	0	pyrazolidines; sulfoxide	uricosuric drug
sulfisoxazole Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.	3.29	6	0	isoxazoles; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
sulfobromophthalein Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.	2.4	2	0	2-benzofurans; organobromine compound; organosulfonic acid; phenols	dye
sulforaphane sulforaphane: from Cardaria draba L.. sulforaphane : An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen.	2.05	1	0	isothiocyanate; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
sulfoxone sulfoxone: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0	sulfonamide
2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol [no description available]	3.87	3	0	alkylbenzene
sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.	3.63	9	0	benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide	antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
sultopride [no description available]	2.46	2	0	salicylamides
sumatriptan Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.	4.93	11	0	sulfonamide; tryptamines	serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
suprofen Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.	3.31	6	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	antirheumatic drug; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	2.96	4	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
t0156 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	naphthyridine derivative
talipexole talipexole: dopamine receptor agonist; structure given in first source	2.38	2	0	azepine
gatifloxacin Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.	3.44	7	0	N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
tazarotene tazarotene: a topical acetylenic retinoid; a topical kerytolytic. tazarotene : The ethyl ester of tazarotenic acid. A prodrug for tazarotenic acid, it is used for the treatment of psoriasis, acne, and sun-damaged skin.	2.45	2	0	acetylenic compound; ethyl ester; pyridines; retinoid; thiochromane	keratolytic drug; prodrug; teratogenic agent
1,4-bis(2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy))benzene 1,4-bis(2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy))benzene: potent phenobarbital-like inducer of microsomal monooxygenase activity; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
tegafur [no description available]	2.76	3	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
telenzepine telenzepine: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	benzodiazepine
temazepam Temazepam: A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent.	4.05	4	0	benzodiazepine
temozolomide [no description available]	5.31	9	0	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
terazosin Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia	5.15	14	0	furans; piperazines; primary amino compound; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent
terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	10.14	14	0	phenylethanolamines; resorcinols	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
terfenadine Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.	3.92	12	0	diarylmethane
tetracaine Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.	2.72	3	0	benzoate ester; tertiary amino compound	local anaesthetic
tetraethylammonium Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)	4.39	6	0	quaternary ammonium ion
tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide Tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide: N,N',N'',N'''-Tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide. A specific inhibitor of pseudocholinesterases. It is commonly used experimentally to determine whether pseudo- or acetylcholinesterases are involved in an enzymatic process.	2.03	1	0	phosphoramide
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	4.42	6	0	phthalimides; piperidones
theobromine Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.	2.03	1	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; bronchodilator agent; food component; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
thiabendazole Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate	4.09	4	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug
2,2'-thiodiethanol 2,2'-thiodiethanol: product of yperite hydrolysis; a hydrolysis product opf mustard gas; strongly stimulates differentiation of chick embryo myogenic cells. thiodiglycol : A diol that is pentane-1,5-diol in which the methylene group at position 3 is replaced by a sulfur atom	2.04	1	0	aliphatic sulfide; diol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite; solvent
thioridazine Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.	4.53	7	0	phenothiazines; piperidines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
thiotepa Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).	4.54	7	0	aziridines
thiram Thiram: A dithiocarbamate chemical, used commercially in the rubber processing industry and as a fungicide. In vivo studies indicate that it inactivates the enzyme GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE. It has mutagenic activity and may induce chromosomal aberrations.. thiram : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. It is widely used as a fungicidal seed treatment.	2.05	1	0	organic disulfide	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug
tiapride [no description available]	2.08	1	0	benzamides
tiaprofenic acid tiaprofenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tiaprofenic acid : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by benzoyl and at C-4 by a 1-carboxyethyl group.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	drug allergen; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.	12.04	14	1	monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
tilorone Tilorone: An antiviral agent used as its hydrochloride. It is the first recognized synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, and is also reported to have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory actions.. tilorone : A member of the class of fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluoren-9-one which is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethoxy group at positions 2 and 7. It is an interferon inducer and a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist. Its hydrochloride salt is used as an antiviral drug.	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether; diether; fluoren-9-ones; tertiary amino compound	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; interferon inducer; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
tinidazole Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.	9.77	9	0	imidazoles	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
tioconazole tioconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tioconazole.. 1-{2-[(2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that comprises 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethylimidazole carrying an additional (2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy substituent at position 2.	2.44	2	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles; thiophenes
tiopronin Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.	14.24	54	1	N-acyl-amino acid
tizanidine tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.	4.65	8	0	benzothiadiazole; imidazoles	alpha-adrenergic agonist; muscle relaxant
8-(n,n-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate: intracellular calcium antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid
nikethamide Nikethamide: A central nervous system stimulant. It was formerly used in the treatment of barbiturate overdose but is now considered to be of no value for such purposes and may be dangerous. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1229)	2.08	1	0	pyridinecarboxamide
tolazamide Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	4.65	8	0	N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; potassium channel blocker
tolazoline Tolazoline: A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.. tolazoline : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole substituted by a benzyl group.	1.96	1	0	imidazoles	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	5.45	19	0	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
tolmetin Tolmetin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.. tolmetin : A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.	4.06	4	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrroles	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tolnaftate [no description available]	2.51	2	0	monothiocarbamic ester	antifungal drug
tolperisone Tolperisone: A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211)	2.05	1	0	aromatic ketone
n,n,n',n'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine: a zinc ion chelating agent; structure given in first source. N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine : An N-substituted diamine that is ethylenediamine in which the four amino hydrogens are replaced by 2-pyridylmethyl groups.	3.41	1	0	N-substituted diamine; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	apoptosis inducer; chelator; copper chelator
(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid (1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid: a GABA-C receptor antagonist; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
ici 136,753 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	pyrazolopyridine
ultram 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.	4.84	10	0	aromatic ether; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
tranexamic acid Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.	4.52	7	0	amino acid
trapidil Trapidil: A coronary vasodilator agent.	7.96	4	0	triazolopyrimidines
trazodone Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.	4.76	9	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazolopyridine	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
trequinsin trequinsin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	pyridopyrimidine
triamterene Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.	12.61	17	3	pteridines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
triazolam Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.	4.65	8	0	triazolobenzodiazepine	sedative
trichlormethiazide Trichlormethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830). trichlormethiazide : A benzothiadiazine, hydrogenated at positions 2, 3 and 4 and substituted with an aminosulfonyl group at C-7, a chloro substituent at C-6 and a dichloromethyl group at C-3 and with S-1 as an S,S-dioxide. A sulfonamide antibiotic, it is used as a diuretic to treat oedema (including that associated with heart failure) and hypertension.	10.8	12	2	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide antibiotic	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
2,2',2''-trichlorotriethylamine 2,2',2''-trichlorotriethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0
triclosan [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic
trientine Trientine: An ethylenediamine derivative used as stabilizer for EPOXY RESINS, as ampholyte for ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING and as chelating agent for copper in HEPATOLENTICULAR DEGENERATION.. TETA : An azamacrocyle in which four nitrogen atoms at positions 1, 4, 8 and 11 of a fouteen-membered ring are each substituted with a carboxymethyl group.. 2,2,2-tetramine : A polyazaalkane that is decane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 are replaced by nitrogens.	3.78	3	0	polyazaalkane; tetramine	copper chelator
trifluoperazine [no description available]	4.82	10	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
triflupromazine Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.	2.76	3	0	organofluorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
trigonelline trigonelline: in hydra among other organisms; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure. N-methylnicotinic acid : A pyridinium ion consisting of nicotinic acid having a methyl substituent on the pyridine nitrogen.. N-methylnicotinate : An iminium betaine that is the conjugate base of N-methylnicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.	2.6	1	0	alkaloid; iminium betaine	food component; human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite
trihexyphenidyl Trihexyphenidyl: One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.	3.58	2	0	amine
trimethadione Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.	5.33	10	0	oxazolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector
trimethobenzamide trimethobenzamide: major descriptor (64-84); on-line search BENZAMIDES (64-84); Index Medicus search TRIMETHOBENZAMIDE (64-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. trimethobenzamide : The amide obtained by formal condensation of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]benzylamine. It is used to prevent nausea and vomitting in humans.	3.73	2	0	benzamides; tertiary amino compound	antiemetic
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.	5.58	22	0	aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
trimetrexate Trimetrexate: A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.	4.24	5	0
trimipramine Trimipramine: Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.. trimipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant.	4.06	4	0	dibenzoazepine; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
tripelennamine Tripelennamine: A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat ASTHMA; HAY FEVER; URTICARIA; and RHINITIS; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically.	1.96	1	0	aromatic amine
troglitazone Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.	5.93	12	0	chromanes; thiazolidinone	anticoagulant; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
tropicamide Tropicamide: One of the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS with pharmacologic action similar to ATROPINE and used mainly as an ophthalmic parasympatholytic or mydriatic.	2.03	1	0	acetamides
thenoyltrifluoroacetone Thenoyltrifluoroacetone: Chelating agent and inhibitor of cellular respiration.	2.08	1	0
tyramine [no description available]	4.36	6	0	monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
tyrphostin a9 [no description available]	2.52	2	0	alkylbenzene	geroprotector
delavirdine Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	4.44	3	0	aminopyridine; indolecarboxamide; N-acylpiperazine; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
undecylenic acid undecylenic acid: a fatty acid with a terminal double bond. 10-undecenoic acid : An undecenoic acid having its double bond in the 10-position. It is derived from castor oil and is used for the treatment of skin problems.. undecenoic acid : A C11, straight-chain fatty acid carrying a C=C double bond at any position.	2.08	1	0	undecenoic acid	antifungal drug; plant metabolite
urapidil [no description available]	8.78	18	10	piperazines
urethane [no description available]	2.9	4	0	carbamate ester	fungal metabolite; mutagen
venlafaxine venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group.	5.45	11	0	cyclohexanols; monomethoxybenzene; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; serotonin uptake inhibitor; xenobiotic
vesamicol vesamicol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.48	2	0	piperidines
vesnarinone [no description available]	2.54	2	0	organic molecular entity
vigabatrin [no description available]	4.26	5	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
viloxazine Viloxazine: A morpholine derivative used as an antidepressant. It is similar in action to IMIPRAMINE.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether
w 7 W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist	1.97	1	0
pirinixic acid pirinixic acid: structure	2.47	2	0	aryl sulfide; organochlorine compound; pyrimidines
8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine 8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist	2.03	1	0
xylazine Xylazine: An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE.. xylazine : A methyl benzene that is 1,3-dimethylbenzene which is substituted by a 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-ylnitrilo group at position 2. It is an alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist and frequently used in veterinary medicine as an emetic and sedative with analgesic and muscle relaxant properties.	2.13	1	0	1,3-thiazine; methylbenzene; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; emetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole: antineoplastic; activates platelet guanylate cyclase; a radiosensitizing agent and guanylate cyclase activator; structure in first source. lificiguat : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole which is substituted by a benzyl group at position 1 and a 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furyl group at position 3. It is an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase and inhibits platelet aggregation.	2.03	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; furans; indazoles	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; platelet aggregation inhibitor; soluble guanylate cyclase activator; vasodilator agent
ici 204,219 zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	4.67	8	0	carbamate ester; indoles; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	anti-asthmatic agent; leukotriene antagonist
zaleplon zaleplon: an azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; a hypnotic with less marked effect on psychomotor functions compared to lorazepam. zaleplon : A pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position.	4.26	5	0	nitrile; pyrazolopyrimidine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; central nervous system depressant; sedative
zardaverine zardaverine: structure given in first source. zardaverine : A pyridazinone derivative in which pyridazin-3(2H)-one is substituted at C-6 with a 4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl group. It is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, selective for PDE3 and 4.	2.03	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyridazinone	anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; peripheral nervous system drug
zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.	2	1	0	inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity	astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid
zolpidem Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.	4.65	8	0	imidazopyridine	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; sedative
zomepirac zomepirac: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.73	3	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; pyrroles	cardiovascular drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
zonisamide Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.	3.61	2	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; sulfonamide	anticonvulsant; antioxidant; central nervous system drug; protective agent; T-type calcium channel blocker
zopiclone zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.	3.32	6	0	monochloropyridine; pyrrolopyrazine	central nervous system depressant; sedative
guanidine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0	one-carbon compound; organic chloride salt	protein denaturant
hydrocortisone acetate hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.49	2	0	cortisol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
cortisone acetate Cortisone Acetate: The acetate ester of cortisone that is used mainly for replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency and in the treatment of many allergic and inflammatory disorders.	3.85	3	0	corticosteroid hormone
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	4.75	5	0	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
oxyphenonium bromide [no description available]	2.13	1	0
oxyphenonium Oxyphenonium: A quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent with peripheral side effects similar to those of ATROPINE. It is used as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer, and to relieve visceral spasms. The drug has also been used in the form of eye drops for mydriatic effect.	2.46	2	0	acylcholine
corticosterone [no description available]	4.84	34	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	12.19	28	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.	2.42	2	0	16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	15.13	32	1	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
cephaloridine Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.	2.97	4	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.	12.9	49	0	imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	4.08	4	0	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
alloxan Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups.	2.98	3	0	pyrimidone	hyperglycemic agent; metabolite
thymidine [no description available]	8.48	8	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
floxuridine Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.	3.3	6	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent
piperonyl butoxide [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzodioxoles	pesticide synergist
procaine hydrochloride Gerovital H3: Contains mainly procaine & small amounts of benzoic acid, potassium metabisulfite & disodium phosphate	2.03	1	0	organic molecular entity
triethylenemelamine Triethylenemelamine: Toxic alkylating agent used in industry; also as antineoplastic and research tool to produce chromosome aberrations and cancers.	2.04	1	0	1,3,5-triazines	alkylating agent; insect sterilant
bromouracil Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen.	2.05	1	0	nucleobase analogue; pyrimidines	mutagen
3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid tiratricol : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome.	2.05	1	0
isoproterenol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.74	3	0	catechols
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	4.74	30	0	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
histamine dihydrochloride Ceplene: Tradename for histamine dihydrochloride.	2.45	2	0
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	4.73	9	0	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
neostigmine methylsulfate [no description available]	2.13	1	0	arylammonium sulfate salt	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.	3.86	3	0	1-phenylpropan-2-amine	adrenergic agent; adrenergic uptake inhibitor; dopamine uptake inhibitor; dopaminergic agent; neurotoxin; sympathomimetic agent
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	8.78	11	0	ammonium salt; carbamate ester	cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic
norethindrone acetate norethisterone acetate : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester.	2.05	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; terminal acetylenic compound	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.	13.92	75	10	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
prednisolone acetate prednisolone acetate: RN given refers to cpd with locant for acetate group in position 21 & (11 beta)-isomer	2.13	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
cyclobarbital cyclobarbital: was heading 1977-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1977-90); CYCLOBARBITONE, HEXEMAL, & TETRAHYDROPHENOBARBITAL were see CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; use BARBITURATES to search CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; short to intermediate duration barbiturate used as hypnotic and sedative	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
aldosterone [no description available]	20.1	531	76	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
allobarbital allobarbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ALLOBARBITONE, DIALLYLBARBITAL, DIALLYLBARBITURIC ACID, & DIALLYLMAL were see ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; a barbiturate derivative with effects of intermediate duration; at lower doses, it is used as a sedative; at higher doses, it displays hypnotic effects	2.45	2	0	barbiturates
pentolinium tartrate Pentolinium Tartrate: A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocking agent in hypertension.. pentolinium tartrate : The bitartrate salt of pentolinium.	4.61	27	0	tartrate salt	antihypertensive agent
penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.	11.88	79	5	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine	antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen
trichlorfon Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.49	2	0	organic phosphonate; organochlorine compound; phosphonic ester	agrochemical; anthelminthic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
cysteine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	cysteine zwitterion; cysteine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flour treatment agent; human metabolite
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	6.98	25	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.	5.16	8	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
paramethasone Paramethasone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of corticosteroids. It has been used by mouth in the treatment of all conditions in which corticosteroid therapy is indicated except adrenal-deficiency states for which its lack of sodium-retaining properties makes it less suitable than HYDROCORTISONE with supplementary FLUDROCORTISONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p737)	2.45	2	0	fluorinated steroid
oxandrolone Oxandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties.	3.87	3	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; oxa-steroid	anabolic agent; androgen
androsterone [no description available]	2.72	3	0	17-oxo steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid; C19-steroid	androgen; anticonvulsant; human blood serum metabolite; human metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; pheromone
dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.	2.05	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
promazine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.98	4	0	hydrochloride
nad [no description available]	2.05	1	0	NAD	geroprotector
2-acetylaminofluorene 2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.	2.05	1	0	2-acetamidofluorenes	antimitotic; carcinogenic agent; epitope; mutagen
adrenochrome Adrenochrome: Pigment obtained by the oxidation of epinephrine.	1.97	1	0	indoles
azauridine Azauridine: A triazine nucleoside used as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis thereby preventing formation of cellular nucleic acids. As the triacetate, it is also effective as an antipsoriatic.	2.48	2	0	N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	5.49	12	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
idoxuridine [no description available]	3	4	0	organoiodine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
metaraminol Metaraminol: A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. metaraminol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-amino-1-phenylethanol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a phenolic hydroxy group at position 1. A sympathomimetic agent , it is used in the treatment of hypotension.	1.98	1	0	phenylethanolamines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
pilocarpine hydrochloride pilocarpine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of (+)-pilocarpine, a medication used to treat increased pressure inside the eye and dry mouth.	2.47	2	0	hydrochloride
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.	4.51	7	0	pilocarpine	antiglaucoma drug
dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide: A selective nicotinic cholinergic agonist used as a research tool. DMPP activates nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia but has little effect at the neuromuscular junction.	2.7	3	0	N-arylpiperazine; organic iodide salt; piperazinium salt; quaternary ammonium salt	nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	2.03	1	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	4.63	8	0	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
isonicotinic acid isonicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is at position 4 of the pyridine ring.	2.05	1	0	pyridinemonocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite
racepinephrine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
(4-(m-chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium chloride (4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride: A drug that selectively activates certain subclasses of muscarinic receptors and also activates postganglionic nicotinic receptors. It is commonly used experimentally to distinguish muscarinic receptor subtypes.	2.39	2	0
isoflurophate Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.	2.37	2	0	dialkyl phosphate
hexamethonium bromide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
biguanides Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.	7.38	2	0	guanidines
cystamine dihydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	3.12	5	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
cantharidin Cantharidin: A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.. cantharidin : A monoterpenoid with an epoxy-bridged cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride structure secreted by many species of blister beetle, and most notably by the Spanish fly, Lytta vesicatoria. Natural toxin inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A.	2.03	1	0	cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; monoterpenoid	EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; herbicide
tetraethylammonium chloride tetraethylammonium chloride : A quarternary ammonium chloride salt in which the cation has four ethyl substituents around the central nitrogen.	2.03	1	0	organic chloride salt; quaternary ammonium salt	potassium channel blocker
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	5.57	17	1	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	2.42	2	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone acetate Desoxycorticosterone Acetate: The 21-acetate derivative of desoxycorticosterone.	3.24	5	0	corticosteroid hormone
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	6.67	16	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	2.73	3	0	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.	3.85	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	4.49	5	1	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
benzyltrimethylammonium chloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
allyl isothiocyanate allyl isothiocyanate: used in the manufacture of flavors, war gases; medical use as a counterirritant; structure. allyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate with the formula CH2=CHCH2N=C=S. A colorless oil with boiling point 152degreeC, it is responsible for the pungent taste of mustard, horseradish, and wasabi.	2.21	1	0	alkenyl isothiocyanate; isothiocyanate	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; lachrymator; metabolite
cetrimonium bromide cetyltrimethylammonium bromide : The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide.	2.46	2	0	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	detergent; surfactant
cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.	3.77	2	1	pseudohalide anion	EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
vincristine [no description available]	4.75	9	0	acetate ester; formamides; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	4.73	9	0	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	7.92	4	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.	3.98	13	0	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
testosterone propionate Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.. androgen : A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.	2.44	2	0	steroid ester
tubocurarine Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.	2.42	2	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	9.63	8	0	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.	2.46	2	0	pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound	antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
methyltestosterone Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.	3.59	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; enone	anabolic agent; androgen; antineoplastic agent
dromostanolone dromostanolone: synthetic anabolic androgenic steroid used to lower plasma cholesterol & as antineoplastic agent in advanced breast neoplasms; major descriptor (66-86); on-line search ANDROSTANOLS (80-86); ANDROSTANES (68-86); INDEX MEDICUS search DROMOSTANOLONE (66-86); RN given refers to (2alpha,5alpha,17beta)-isomer	2.04	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid	anabolic agent; antineoplastic agent
promethazine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.98	4	0	hydrochloride	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative
tetrabenazine 9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.	3.59	2	0	benzoquinolizine; cyclic ketone; tertiary amino compound
puromycin aminonucleoside 3'-amino-3'-deoxy-N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenosine: structure in first source. 3'-amino-3'-deoxy-N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenosine : Puromycin derivative that lacks the methoxyphenylalanyl group on the amine of the sugar ring.	3.47	8	0	3'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	3.38	7	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
cephalothin Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.	2.74	3	0	azabicycloalkene; beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative; thiophenes	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
uridine [no description available]	2.49	2	0	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	4.56	7	0	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	2.44	2	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	2.11	1	0	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.9	4	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	13.55	46	3	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
thiamine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	organic chloride salt; vitamin B1
levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease	4.04	14	0	amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug
tolazoline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	benzenes
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	7.98	39	1	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.	2.6	1	0	benzenes; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	4.98	12	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
cysteamine Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.	9.36	6	0	amine; thiol	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent
acetylcholine chloride acetylcholine chloride : The chloride salt of acetylcholine, and a parasympatomimetic drug.	4.1	4	0	quaternary ammonium salt
mepazine mepazine: major descriptor (66-85); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (66-85); Index Medicus search MEPAZINE (66-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. pacatal : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazine has an N-methylpiperidin-4-ylmethyl substituent at the N-10 position.	3.59	2	0	phenothiazines
methoxamine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.98	4	0	dimethoxybenzene
methoxamine Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine .	3.37	7	0	amphetamines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypotensive agent
adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.	1.96	1	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
papaverine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.47	2	0
methicillin Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.	2.73	3	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
niridazole Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete.	2.45	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound
cloxacillin Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.	3.86	3	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	3.69	10	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
bretylium tosylate Bretylium Tosylate: An agent that blocks the release of adrenergic transmitters and may have other actions. It was formerly used as an antihypertensive agent, but is now proposed as an anti-arrhythmic.. bretylium tosylate : The tosylate salt of bretylium. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.	2.96	4	0	organosulfonate salt; quaternary ammonium salt	adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent
zoxazolamine Zoxazolamine: A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood.	2.52	2	0	benzoxazole
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	5.27	53	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
berlition berlition: antioxidant preparation containing alpha-lipoic acid, used in the neuroprotective therapy of chronic brain ischemia for correction of free-radical processes. (R)-lipoic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of lipoic acid. A vitamin-like, C8 thia fatty acid with anti-oxidant properties.. lipoic acid : A heterocyclic thia fatty acid comprising pentanoic acid with a 1,2-dithiolan-3-yl group at the 5-position.	2.46	2	0	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; lipoic acid; thia fatty acid	cofactor; nutraceutical; prosthetic group
methacholine chloride Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)	4.89	8	1	quaternary ammonium salt
aniline [no description available]	2.04	1	0	anilines; primary arylamine
calcium acetate calcium acetate: a principal compound used as phosphate binders in patients with chronic renal failure; used like sevelamer. calcium acetate : The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces.	3.23	1	0	calcium salt	chelator
dimethylnitrosamine Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.	2.46	2	0	nitrosamine	geroprotector; mutagen
androstenedione Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.	3.12	5	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbaryl Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; naphthalenes	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant growth retardant
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	3.3	6	0	lactose
primaquine phosphate [no description available]	2.46	2	0
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	9.9	11	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	3.58	9	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
Mebutamate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE	11.4	55	0	20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	7.55	17	1	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
yohimbine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
gallamine triethiodide Gallamine Triethiodide: A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)	2.93	4	0
cytidine triphosphate Cytidine Triphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.41	1	0	cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
mebanazine mebanazine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure	3.59	2	0	benzenes
uracil mustard Uracil Mustard: Nitrogen mustard derivative of URACIL. It is a alkylating antineoplastic agent that is used in lymphatic malignancies, and causes mainly gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage.	2.74	3	0	aminouracil; nitrogen mustard
oxacillin Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.	4.39	6	0	penicillin	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	3.1	5	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
ficusin Ficusin: A naturally occurring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.. psoralen : The simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia.	2.6	1	0	psoralens	plant metabolite
egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.	2.41	2	0	diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	2.75	3	0	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
fluocinolone acetonide Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders.	2.76	3	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug
triamcinolone diacetate triamcinolone diacetate: lysyl oxidase antagonist; Polcortolon may also refers to triamcinolone	2.08	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
sodium citrate, anhydrous Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.	2.07	1	0	organic sodium salt	anticoagulant; flavouring agent
dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.	2.48	2	0	formamides; volatile organic compound	geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent
norethindrone Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.	2.95	4	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
norethynodrel Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.	2.49	2	0	oxo steroid
cycloserine Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).	4.08	4	0	4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; zwitterion	antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antitubercular agent; metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
triaziquone Triaziquone: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used mainly for ovarian tumors. It is toxic to skin, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and kidneys.. triaziquone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which three of the ring hydrogens are replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; aziridines	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
benziodarone benziodarone: minor descriptor (75-89); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZOFURANS (68-89) & IODOBENZOATES (74)	4.1	4	0	aromatic ketone
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone.	2.72	3	0	17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; progestin
quinacrine monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
chlorpromazine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.47	2	0	hydrochloride; phenothiazines	anticoronaviral agent; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorisondamine Chlorisondamine: A nicotinic antagonist used primarily as a ganglionic blocker in animal research. It has been used as an antihypertensive agent but has been supplanted by more specific drugs in most clinical applications.	3.23	6	0	isoindoles
tubercidin Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.. tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.	2.6	1	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; ribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	5.47	11	0	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
mannitol [no description available]	5.41	19	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
cytarabine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.47	2	0
cytarabine [no description available]	4.65	8	0	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
dithionitrobenzoic acid Dithionitrobenzoic Acid: A standard reagent for the determination of reactive sulfhydryl groups by absorbance measurements. It is used primarily for the determination of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in proteins. The color produced is due to the formation of a thio anion, 3-carboxyl-4-nitrothiophenolate.. dithionitrobenzoic acid : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid. An indicator used to quantify the number or concentration of thiol groups.	2.67	3	0	nitrobenzoic acid; organic disulfide	indicator
trifluridine Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.	3	4	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
ornithine Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.	2.46	2	0	non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; ornithine	algal metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; mouse metabolite
dinitrofluorobenzene Dinitrofluorobenzene: Irritants and reagents for labeling terminal amino acid groups.. 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : The organofluorine compound that is benzene with a fluoro substituent at the 1-position and two nitro substituents in the 2- and 4-positions.	2.01	1	0	C-nitro compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; allergen; chromatographic reagent; EC 2.7.3.2 (creatine kinase) inhibitor; protein-sequencing agent; spectrophotometric reagent
asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.	2	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-hydroxypropiophenone [no description available]	2.13	1	0	acetophenones
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	3.24	6	0	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
medroxyprogesterone acetate [no description available]	3.31	6	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; steroid ester	adjuvant; androgen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; female contraceptive drug; inhibitor; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
veratridine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	steroid	sodium channel modulator
sulfobromophthalein sodium bromosulfophthalein sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of bromosulfophthalein.. bromosulfophthalein : An organosulfonic acid that consists of phthalide bearing four bromo substituents at positions 4, 5, 6 and 7 as well as two 4-hydroxy-3-sulfophenyl groups both located at position 1.	4.25	5	0	organic sodium salt	dye
isopropamide iodide isopropamide iodide: was heading 1965-94; use AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS to search ISOPROPAMIDE IODIDE 1966-94	2.13	1	0	diarylmethane
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	14.45	69	25	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mestranol [no description available]	8.28	6	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; aromatic ether; terminal acetylenic compound	prodrug; xenoestrogen
methaqualone Methaqualone: A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methaqualone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2 and 3 by methyl and o-tolyl groups respectively. A depressant that increases the activity of the GABA receptors in the brain and nervous system, it is used as a sedative and hypnotic medication. It became popular as a recreational drug and club drug in the late 1960s and 1970s.	2.05	1	0	quinazolines	GABA agonist; sedative
dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane: An organochlorine insecticide that is slightly irritating to the skin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed, p482)	2.31	1	0	chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	xenobiotic metabolite
trypan blue VisionBlue: A trypan blue ophthalmic solution.	2.05	1	0
cordycepin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	3'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines	antimetabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
etozolin etozolin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	6.97	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	3.28	6	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucine Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.	2.4	2	0	aspartate family amino acid; isoleucine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lidocaine hydrochloride lidocaine hydrochloride : The anhydrous form of the hydrochloride salt of lidocaine.	2.47	2	0	hydrochloride	anti-arrhythmia drug; local anaesthetic
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	9.15	64	4	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.52	2	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
carbon disulfide Carbon Disulfide: A colorless, flammable, poisonous liquid, CS2. It is used as a solvent, and is a counterirritant and has local anesthetic properties but is not used as such. It is highly toxic with pronounced CNS, hematologic, and dermatologic effects.	2	1	0	one-carbon compound; organosulfur compound
tert-butyl alcohol tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.	3.27	1	0	tertiary alcohol	human xenobiotic metabolite
tert-amyl alcohol 2-methylbutan-2-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is propan-1-ol in which both of the hydrogens at position 1 have been replaced by methyl groups.	3.27	1	0	aliphatic alcohol; tertiary alcohol	protic solvent
tert-butylhydroperoxide tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.	2.91	1	0	alkyl hydroperoxide	antibacterial agent; oxidising agent
dalapon dalapon: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	carboxylic acid; organohalogen compound
trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite
perflutren Definity: a fluorocarbon-filled ultrasonic contrast agent; Definity is tradename. octafluoropropane : A fluorocarbon that is propane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines.	3.23	1	0	fluoroalkane; fluorocarbon
triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.	2.99	4	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
fluoxymesterone Fluoxymesterone: An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male HYPOGONADISM, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women.	3.23	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; fluorinated steroid	anabolic agent; antineoplastic agent
mepenzolate bromide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	diarylmethane
allylpropymal allylpropymal: RN given refers to parent cpd. aprobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by an isopropyl and a prop-1-en-3-yl group at position 5.	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	2.96	4	0	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
butobarbital butobarbital: Butobarbital should be distinguished from Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital)	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
methsuximide methsuximide: anticonvulsant effective in petit mal & psychomotor epilepsy; has a number of unpleasant & toxic side effects; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search SUCCINIMIDES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	3.23	1	0	organic molecular entity
methylpentynol methylpentynol: structure	2.04	1	0	ynone
tromethamine Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)	4.06	4	0	primary amino compound; triol	buffer
3-mercaptopropionic acid 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid: An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase. It decreases the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID concentration in the brain, thereby causing convulsions.. 3-mercaptopropanoic acid : A mercaptopropanoic acid that is propanoic acid carrying a sulfanyl group at position 3.	4.77	32	0	mercaptopropanoic acid	algal metabolite
isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.	2.05	1	0	alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound	plant metabolite
trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.	2.75	3	0	chloroethenes	inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite
propionamide [no description available]	2.21	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; primary fatty amide
acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.	2	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
dichloroacetic acid [no description available]	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	astringent; marine metabolite
pantothenic acid Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration.	2	1	0	pantothenic acid; vitamin B5	antidote to curare poisoning; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite
dehydrocholic acid Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton.	2.49	2	0	12-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-5beta-steroid; 7-oxo steroid; oxo-5beta-cholanic acid	gastrointestinal drug
taurocholic acid Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.	4.24	5	0	amino sulfonic acid; bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite
rhodamine b rhodamine B: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7973; TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE was see RHODAMINES 1975-93; use RHODAMINES to search TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE 1975-93. rhodamine B : An organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome.	6.98	1	0	organic chloride salt; xanthene dye	fluorescent probe; fluorochrome; histological dye
cyclizine Cyclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935). cyclizine : An N-alkylpiperazine in which one nitrogen of the piperazine ring is substituted by a methyl group, while the other is substituted by a diphenylmethyl group.	2.46	2	0	N-alkylpiperazine	antiemetic; central nervous system depressant; cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic
bis(p-chlorophenyl)acetic acid bis(p-chlorophenyl)acetic acid: a metabolite of DDT; RN given refers to parent cpd.. bis(4-chlorophenyl)acetic acid : A organochlorine compound comprising acetic acid having two 4-chlorophenyl substituents attached at the 2-position.	1.99	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	10.46	20	0	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
lawsone lawsone: a molluscacide from leaves of Lawsonia inermis L. topical sunscreening agent; structure; powdered leaves of Lawsonia inermis(Lythraceae) used as brown hair dye. lawsone : 1,4-Naphthoquinone carrying a hydroxy function at C-2. It is obtained from the leaves of Lawsonia inermis.	2.04	1	0
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	3.15	5	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
9,10-phenanthrenequinone 9,10-phenanthrenequinone: structure	2.13	1	0	phenanthrenes
dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone: request from searcher	1.98	1	0
9,10-anthraquinone 9,10-anthraquinone : An anthraquinone that is anthracene in which positions 9 and 10 have been oxidised to carbonyls.	2.6	1	0	anthraquinone
diquat Diquat: A contact herbicide used also to produce desiccation and defoliation. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). diquat : The organic cation formed formally by addition of an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen atoms of 2,2'-bipyridine. Most often available as the dibromide.	7.41	2	0	organic cation	defoliant; herbicide
benzoic anhydride 2-benzoylbenzoic acid: structure in first source	2.11	1	0
brompheniramine Brompheniramine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.. brompheniramine : Pheniramine in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is substituted by bromine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, brompheniramine is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.	3.63	2	0	organobromine compound; pyridines	anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist
penicillin v Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.	4.64	8	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin
salicylanilide salicylanilide: RN given refers to parent cpd. salicylanilide : An amide of salicylic acid and of aniline; it is therefore both a salicylamide and an anilide.	2.6	1	0	benzanilide fungicide; salicylamides; salicylanilides
isosorbide dinitrate Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.	13.85	66	33	glucitol derivative; nitrate ester	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
gramine gramine : An aminoalkylindole that is indole carrying a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at postion 3.	2.6	1	0	aminoalkylindole; indole alkaloid; tertiary amino compound	antibacterial agent; antiviral agent; plant metabolite; serotonergic antagonist
hexachlorobutadiene hexachlorobutadiene: a potent nephrotoxicant in rats; structure	2.05	1	0	organochlorine compound
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	2.95	4	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
aminacrine Aminacrine: A highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, due to its interaction with DNA. It is also used as an intracellular pH indicator.. 9-aminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by an amino group. A fluorescent dyd and topical antiseptic agent, it is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) in eye drops for the treatment of superficial eye infections.	2.6	1	0	aminoacridines; primary amino compound	acid-base indicator; antiinfective agent; antiseptic drug; fluorescent dye; MALDI matrix material; mutagen
pseudoephedrine Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.	3.86	3	0	phenylethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; central nervous system drug; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
diethylpropion Diethylpropion: A appetite depressant considered to produce less central nervous system disturbance than most drugs in this therapeutic category. It is also considered to be among the safest for patients with hypertension. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2290). diethylpropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone in which one of the hydrogens alpha- to the carbonyl is substituted by a diethylamino group. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, it is an appetite depressant and is used as the hydrochloride as an anoretic in the short term management of obesity.	3.23	1	0	aromatic ketone; tertiary amine	appetite depressant
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	2.91	4	0	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
phenidone phenidone: photographic developer; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.98	1	0
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	2	1	0	xanthene
phenothiazine 10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.	2.77	3	0	phenothiazine	ferroptosis inhibitor; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
mecoprop mecoprop: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is lactic acid in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl group.. mecoprop : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mecoprop.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes
fenoprop fenoprop: RN given is for parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	phenoxy herbicide
synephrine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	ethanolamines; phenethylamine alkaloid; phenols	alpha-adrenergic agonist; plant metabolite
propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)	1.99	1	0	benzoate ester; paraben; phenols	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
benzoyl peroxide Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.	2.05	1	0	carbonyl compound
2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid: A powerful herbicide used as a selective weed killer.. (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2.	2.48	2	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; monochlorobenzenes	environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
2-bromophenol bromophenol : A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded bromine atoms.	2.46	2	0	bromophenol	marine metabolite
thioglycerol thioglycerol: potentiates action of bradykinin in guinea-pig ileum; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. monothioglycerol : A thiol that is glycerol in which one of the primary hydroxy groups is replaced by a thiol group.	2	1	0	propane-1,2-diols; thiol	reducing agent; vulnerary
arsanilic acid Arsanilic Acid: An arsenical which has been used as a feed additive for enteric conditions in pigs and poultry. It causes blindness and is ototoxic and nephrotoxic in animals.	2.13	1	0	organoarsonic acid
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.	2.66	3	0	5-oxoproline; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	algal metabolite
3-aminobenzoic acid 3-aminobenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid carrying an amino group at position 3.	2.13	1	0	aminobenzoic acid
methyl gallate methyl gallate: has both immunosuppressive and phytogenic antineoplastic activities; isolated from Acer saccharinum. methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with methanol. It exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties.	2.6	1	0	gallate ester	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
dicloran 2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline : A nitroaniline that is 4-nitroaniline in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide, it is not approved for use in the European Union.	2.04	1	0	aromatic fungicide; dichlorobenzene; nitroaniline	antifungal agrochemical
3-dinitrobenzene dinitrobenzene : Any member of the class of nitrobenzenes that consists of a benzene ring substituted by two nitro groups. A closed class.. 1,3-dinitrobenzene : A dinitrobenzene that is benzene disubstituted at positions 1 and 3 with nitro groups.	2.05	1	0	dinitrobenzene	neurotoxin
4-bromophenacyl bromide 4-bromophenacyl bromide: phospholipidase A(2) inhibitor; structure	1.97	1	0
methylparaben methylparaben: used as a preservative in cosmetics but potentiates UV-induced damage of skin; RN given refers to parent cpd. methylparaben : A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries.	1.99	1	0	paraben	antifungal agent; antimicrobial food preservative; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
phenylhydrazine [no description available]	2.4	2	0	phenylhydrazines	xenobiotic
quinuclidines Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.	2.91	4	0	quinuclidines; saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
dyrene dyrene: structure. anilazine : A member of the class of triazenes that is dichlorotriazene in which the hydrogen is replaced by an o-chloroanilino group. A fungicide formerly used to control leaf spots and downy mildew, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.	2.04	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine pesticide; secondary amino compound; triazines	antifungal agrochemical
pyridostigmine bromide Pyridostigmine Bromide: A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants.	2.98	4	0	pyridinium salt
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane : An aromatic amine that is diphenylmethane substituted at the 4-position of each benzene ring by an amino group.	2.46	2	0	aromatic amine	allergen; carcinogenic agent
monobenzone monobenzone: structure. monobenzone : The monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone. It is used as a topical drug for medical depigmentation.	2.58	2	0	benzyl ether	allergen; dermatologic drug; melanin synthesis inhibitor
phenylisothiocyanate phenylisothiocyanate: structure. phenyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenyl group attached to the nitrogen; used for amino acid sequencing in the Edman degradation.	2.46	2	0	isothiocyanate	allergen; reagent
benzonatate benzonatate: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1107. benzonatate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of 4-butylaminobenzoic acid with nonaethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Structurally related to procaine and benzocaine, it has an anaesthetic effect on the stretch sensors in the lungs, and is used as a non-narcotic cough suppressant.	3.59	2	0	benzoate ester; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	anaesthetic; antitussive
caprolactam Caprolactam: Cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. Can cause local irritation.. epsilon-caprolactam : A member of the class of caprolactams that is azepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.13	1	0	caprolactams	human blood serum metabolite
4-bromophenol 4-bromophenol : A bromophenol containing only hydroxy and bromo substituents that are para to one another.	2.46	2	0	bromophenol	human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; marine metabolite; mouse metabolite; persistent organic pollutant; rat metabolite
acrolein [no description available]	2.04	1	0	enal	herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin
2-bromoethylamine [no description available]	2.46	2	0
acrylonitrile [no description available]	3.08	5	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	antifungal agent; carcinogenic agent; fungal metabolite; mutagen; polar aprotic solvent
allyl alcohol allyl alcohol: structure. allylic alcohol : An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.).. allyl alcohol : A propenol in which the C=C bond connects C-2 and C-3. It is has been found in garlic (Allium sativum). Formerly used as a herbicide for the control of various grass and weed seeds.	2.46	2	0	primary allylic alcohol; propenol	antibacterial agent; fungicide; herbicide; insecticide; plant metabolite
melamine melamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. melamine : A trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton.	2.01	1	0	triamino-1,3,5-triazine	xenobiotic metabolite
bromobenzene [no description available]	2.46	2	0	bromoarene; bromobenzenes; volatile organic compound	hepatotoxic agent; mouse metabolite; non-polar solvent
thiophenol thiophenol : A thiol in which the sulfanyl group is attached to a phenyl group.	2.05	1	0	aryl thiol
n-pentanoic acid n-pentanoic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. valeric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing five carbon atoms.	2.05	1	0	short-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	plant metabolite
pentane Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms.	2.39	2	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent; refrigerant
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	3.93	13	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
furan furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.	2.05	1	0	furans; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; Maillard reaction product
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	6.39	15	1	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
thiodipropionic acid thiodipropionic acid: structure	2.13	1	0	dicarboxylic acid
tetraethylenepentamine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	polyazaalkane	copper chelator
ergotamine Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.	8.25	6	0	peptide ergot alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; mycotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; oxytocic; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
estradiol dipropionate estradiol dipropionate: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemline 7/83	2.02	1	0	steroid ester
methylergonovine Methylergonovine: A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)	3.23	1	0	ergoline alkaloid
imipramine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.98	4	0	hydrochloride	antidepressant
neostigmine bromide neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine.	3.44	7	0	bromide salt
phenformin Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.	3.16	5	0	biguanides	antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
3-hydroxy-3-methylbutene 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutene: narcotic, sleep-producing principle from hops; RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-ene : A tertiary alcohol that is 3-methylbut-1-ene carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 3.	3.27	1	0	olefinic compound; tertiary alcohol	animal metabolite; fragrance; pheromone; plant metabolite
mephobarbital Mephobarbital: A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL.. mephobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	2.75	3	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant
edrophonium chloride edrophonium chloride : The chloride salt of edrophonium. A reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes), it is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.	2.98	4	0	chloride salt; quaternary ammonium salt	antidote; diagnostic agent; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
maltol maltol: found in bark of young larch trees; isolated from Passiflora incarnata; possesses depressant properties in mice; potentiates hexobarbital-induced narcosis & inhibits spontaneous motor activity; structure	2.13	1	0	4-pyranones	metabolite
hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.	2.05	1	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorobenzenes	antifungal agrochemical; carcinogenic agent; persistent organic pollutant
chloranil Chloranil: A quinone fungicide used for treatment of seeds and foliage.. tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquiones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which all four hydrogens are substituted by chlorines.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; organochlorine compound	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; metabolite
trinitrotoluene Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.	2.05	1	0	trinitrotoluene	explosive
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	4.56	7	0	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
dianisidine Dianisidine: Highly toxic compound which can cause skin irritation and sensitization. It is used in manufacture of azo dyes.	1.98	1	0	biphenyls
vanillic acid Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.	1.97	1	0	methoxybenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid	plant metabolite
suramin sodium suramin sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the hexasodium salt of suramin. It is an FDA approved drug for African sleeping sickness and river blindness.	2.03	1	0	organic sodium salt	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
pyrazolanthrone pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.	2.45	2	0	anthrapyrazole; aromatic ketone; cyclic ketone	antineoplastic agent; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; geroprotector
di-n-pentyl phthalate dipentyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the dipentyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	2.46	2	0	diester; phthalate ester	plasticiser
meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.	2.42	2	0	hexosamine; secondary amino compound
cinchophen cinchophen: was heading 1963-94; ACIPHENOCHINOLIUM was see CHINOPHEN 1978-94; use QUINOLINES to search CINCHOPHEN 1966-94	4.56	7	0	quinolines
iodohippuric acid Iodohippuric Acid: An iodine-containing compound used in pyelography as a radiopaque medium. If labeled with radioiodine, it can be used for studies of renal function.. 2-iodohippuric acid : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-iodobenzoic acid with the amino group of glycine.	9.19	38	3	benzamides; N-acylglycine; organoiodine compound
indolebutyric acid indolebutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. indole-3-butyric acid : A indol-3-yl carboxylic acid that is butanoic acid carrying a 1H-indol-3-yl substituent at position 1.	2.52	2	0	indol-3-yl carboxylic acid	auxin; plant hormone; plant metabolite
amiben Amiben: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0	chlorobenzoic acid
1-naphthylamine 1-Naphthylamine: A suspected industrial carcinogen (and listed as such by OSHA). Its N-hydroxy metabolite is strongly carcinogenic and mutagenic.. naphthylamine : A primary arylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at unspecified position.. 1-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at position 1.	1.99	1	0	naphthylamine	human xenobiotic metabolite
methapyrilene hydrochloride methapyrilene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of methapyrilene.	2.47	2	0	hydrochloride	anti-allergic agent; carcinogenic agent; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative
phenazopyridine hydrochloride phenazopyridine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining phenazopyridine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.	3	4	0	hydrochloride	carcinogenic agent; local anaesthetic; non-narcotic analgesic
tetrracaine hydrochloride leocaine: a crystal beta-modification of the beta-dimethylaminoethyl ether of n-butylaminobenzoic acid hydrochloride	2.98	4	0	benzoate ester
chelidamic acid [no description available]	2.03	1	0
protocatechualdehyde protocatechualdehyde: found in wheat grains, wheat seedlings, & other plants; RN given refers to parent cpd; see also rancinamycins; structure	2.13	1	0	dihydroxybenzaldehyde
monuron monuron: minor descriptor (72-83); on-line & Index Medicus search UREA/AA (72-74) & HERBICIDES (72-74) & HERBICIDES UREA (75-83); RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. monuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a p-chlorophenyl group while the other is substituted by two methyl groups.	2.04	1	0	3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; monochlorobenzenes	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
sterogenol hexadecylpyridinium bromide: structure in first source. cetylpyridinium bromide : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and bromide as the anion.	2.05	1	0	bromide salt; pyridinium salt	antiseptic drug; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; surfactant
iminodiacetic acid iminodiacetic acid: used as hepatobiliary imaging agent when labeled with Tc; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. iminodiacetic acid : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a carboxymethyl group.	2.04	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; glycine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	chelator
pregnenolone [no description available]	1.99	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; C21-steroid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
20-alpha-dihydroprogesterone 20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone: A biologically active 20-alpha-reduced metabolite of PROGESTERONE. It is converted from progesterone to 20-alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one by the 20-ALPHA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE in the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA.	2.13	1	0	20-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.	3.59	9	0	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
2-chloroadenosine 5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first source	2.47	2	0	purine nucleoside
copper phthalocyanine copper phthalocyanine: structure. copper(II) phthalocyanine : A metallophthalocyanine that is copper(2+) forming a coordination complex with phthalocyanine. It is a synthetic blue pigment which is used as a colorant in paints and dyes.	2.67	3	0
diphenhydramine hydrochloride Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine.	3.41	7	0	hydrochloride; organoammonium salt	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; sedative
nafcillin Nafcillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.. nafcillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2-ethoxy-1-naphthoyl)amino group.	4.23	5	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
ditiocarb Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.	2.76	2	0	dithiocarbamic acids	chelator; copper chelator
mequinol mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols	metabolite
potassium cyanide [no description available]	1.97	1	0	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; potassium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; neurotoxin
methohexital Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.	4.03	4	0	acetylenic compound; barbiturates	drug allergen; intravenous anaesthetic
quinestrol Quinestrol: The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. After gastrointestinal absorption, it is stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE, slowly released, and metabolized principally to the parent compound. It has been used in ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1011)	2.49	2	0	17-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
cycloguanil cycloguanil: the active metabolite of proguanil; antifolate drug; structure in first source. cycloguanil : A triazine in which a 1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine ring is substituted at N-1 by a 4-chlorophenyl group, at C-2 and -4 by amino groups and at C-6 by gem-dimethyl groups. A dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, it is a metabolite of the antimalarial drug proguanil.	2.05	1	0	triazines	antifolate; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
dydrogesterone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid	progestin
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	3.34	6	0	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
tripelennamine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.77	3	0
phenetidine Phenetidine: Used in the manufacture of acetophenetidin.. 4-ethoxyaniline : An aromatic ether that is aniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by an ethoxy group. It is a hydrolysis metabolite of phenacetin.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; primary amino compound; substituted aniline	drug metabolite
cysteamine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
diazooxonorleucine Diazooxonorleucine: An amino acid that inhibits phosphate-activated glutaminase and interferes with glutamine metabolism. It is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by an unidentified species of Streptomyces from Peruvian soil. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-norleucine which is substituted at position 5 by an oxo group and at position 6 by a diazo group. It is as inhibitor of various glutamine-utilising enzymes.	2.04	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; diazo compound; ketone; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	analgesic; antibacterial agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.4.2.14 (amidophosphoribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.2 (glutaminase) inhibitor; EC 6.3.4.2 [CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolyzing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.1 [NAD(+) synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.2 [GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.3 (phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase) inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.4 [asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.5 [carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; glutamine antagonist
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	7.83	17	4	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.	1.98	1	0	acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	genotoxin
indazoles Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.	2.41	2	0	indazole
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	3.75	3	0	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	5.81	6	4	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	4.61	10	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	3.59	3	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
ethynodiol diacetate Ethynodiol Diacetate: A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).	2.46	2	0	steroid ester; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; estrogen receptor modulator; synthetic oral contraceptive
propantheline bromide [no description available]	2.47	2	0	xanthenes
nitroblue tetrazolium Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.	2.67	3	0	organic cation
ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.	3.59	2	0	phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines	bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
muscarine Muscarine: A toxic alkaloid found in Amanita muscaria (fly fungus) and other fungi of the Inocybe species. It is the first parasympathomimetic substance ever studied and causes profound parasympathetic activation that may end in convulsions and death. The specific antidote is atropine.	2.08	1	0	monosaccharide
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	4.36	6	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
thiocyanate thiocyanate: RN given refers to parent cpd. thiocyanate : A pseudohalide anion obtained by deprotonation of the thiol group of thiocyanic acid.	2.4	2	0	pseudohalide anion; sulfur molecular entity	human metabolite
chlormadinone acetate Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).	2.49	2	0	corticosteroid hormone
pirinitramide Pirinitramide: A diphenylpropylamine with intense narcotic analgesic activity of long duration. It is a derivative of MEPERIDINE with similar activity and usage.	2.45	2	0	nitrile
methylpentynol carbamate [no description available]	2.04	1	0
mechlorethamine n-oxide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	nitrogen mustard
edrophonium bromide [no description available]	2.46	2	0
hydralazine hydrochloride hydralazine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of hydralazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0
ethamivan ethamivan: minor descriptor (65-72); major descriptor (73-86); on-line search BENZAMIDES (66-86); INDEX MEDICUS search BENZAMIDES (65-72); ETHAMIVAN (73-86). etamivan : Phenol substituted at C-2 and C-4 by a methoxy group and an N,N-diethylaminocarbonyl group respectively. A respiratory stimulant drug related to nikethamide, it has now fallen largely into disuse.	2.47	2	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols
pargyline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.47	2	0
estradiol 17 beta-cypionate [no description available]	2.02	1	0	steroid ester
evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.	3.5	8	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
monocrotaline Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.	3.53	8	0	pyrrolizidine alkaloid
testosterone enanthate [no description available]	2.44	2	0	heptanoate ester; sterol ester	androgen
aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.	4.08	4	0	mixture	bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.	4.67	8	0	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
phenyramidol phenyramidol: considered as a drug that possibly causes hepatotoxicity	2.05	1	0	aminopyridine
linuron Linuron: A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). linuron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is N-methyl urea substituted by a methoxy group at position 1 and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at position 3.	2.04	1	0	dichlorobenzene; phenylureas	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
carbutamide Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)	2.45	2	0	benzenes; sulfonamide
orphenadrine hydrochloride orphenadrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride comprising equimolar amounts of ophenadrine and hydrogen chloride.	2.47	2	0	hydrochloride	antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; NMDA receptor antagonist; parasympatholytic
pseudoephedrine hydrochloride pseudoephedrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of pseudoephedrine.	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride	plant metabolite
fluocinonide Fluocinonide: A topical glucocorticoid used in the treatment of ECZEMA.	2.13	1	0	organic molecular entity
galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.	4.08	4	0	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
nandrolone decanoate Nandrolone Decanoate: Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.	3.85	3	0	steroid ester
methysergide Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches.	3.93	13	0	ergoline alkaloid
bucladesine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; butanamides; butyrate ester	agonist; cardiotonic drug; vasodilator agent
phenylbenzoquinone phenylbenzoquinone: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0
procarbazine hydrochloride procarbazine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining procarbazine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.	2.76	3	0	hydrochloride	antineoplastic agent
citrulline citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.	2.41	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; citrulline	Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; protective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)	3.9	12	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(n,n-dimethyl-n-2-propenyl-), dibromide Benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-), Dibromide: Proposed cholinesterase inhibitor.	2.03	1	0
cyanamide Cyanamide: A cyanide compound which has been used as a fertilizer, defoliant and in many manufacturing processes. It often occurs as the calcium salt, sometimes also referred to as cyanamide. The citrated calcium salt is used in the treatment of alcoholism.. cyanamide : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by an amino group.	2.03	1	0	nitrile; one-carbon compound	EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor
perflubron perflubron: potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs. perflubron : A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine.	2.05	1	0	haloalkane; organobromine compound; perfluorinated compound	blood substitute; radioopaque medium
fluorometholone Fluorometholone: A glucocorticoid employed, usually as eye drops, in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions of the eye. It has also been used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluorometholone : A member of the class of glucocorticoids that is Delta(1)-progesterone substituted at positions 11beta and 17 by hydroxy groups, at position 6alpha by a methyl group and at position 9 by a fluoro group. Used for the treatment of corticosteroid-responsive inflammation of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea and anterior segment of the globe.	2.13	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug
cyproterone acetate [no description available]	2.96	4	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; chlorinated steroid; steroid ester	androgen antagonist; geroprotector; progestin
lithocholic acid Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.	2.46	2	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
nandrolone Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.	2.94	4	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid	human metabolite
xanthinol niacinate Xanthinol Niacinate: A vasodilator used in peripheral vascular disorders and insufficiency. It may cause gastric discomfort and hypotension.	2.13	1	0
hydantoins Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.	2.04	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
fluorobenzenes Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.	1.97	1	0	monofluorobenzenes	NMR chemical shift reference compound
n-pentyl nitrite Amyl Nitrite: A vasodilator that is administered by inhalation. It is also used recreationally due to its supposed ability to induce euphoria and act as an aphrodisiac.. n-pentyl nitrite : A nitrite ester having n-pentyl as the alkyl group.	1.96	1	0	nitrite esters	vasodilator agent
dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.	4.24	5	0	1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoate	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
ketobemidone ketobemidone: structure	2.04	1	0	piperidines
glycyrrhetinic acid [no description available]	2.49	2	0	cyclic terpene ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	immunomodulator; plant metabolite
chenodeoxycholic acid Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	4.4	6	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
glycocholic acid Glycocholic Acid: The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.. glycocholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component.. glycocholate : A cholanic acid conjugate anion that is the conjugate base of glycocholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	2.07	1	0	bile acid glycine conjugate	human metabolite
lucanthone Lucanthone: One of the SCHISTOSOMICIDES, it has been replaced largely by HYCANTHONE and more recently PRAZIQUANTEL. (From Martindale The Extrapharmacopoeia, 30th ed., p46). lucanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. Formerly used for the treatment of schistosomiasis. It is a prodrug, being metabolised to hycanthone.	2.6	1	0	thioxanthenes	adjuvant; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; mutagen; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; schistosomicide drug
plumbagin plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.	2.04	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; phenols	anticoagulant; antineoplastic agent; immunological adjuvant; metabolite
cepharanthine cepharanthine: isoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of STEPHANIA; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation. cepharanthine : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation.	2.6	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
aloe emodin aloe emodin: structure distinct from emodin; this does not mean emodin from aloe. Aloe emodin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe.	2.6	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; dihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
chrysophanic acid chrysophanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #2260. chrysophanol : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity.	2.6	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antiviral agent; plant metabolite
emetine Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.	3.01	4	0	isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline	antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
osthol osthol: from Cnidium monnieri and Angelica pubescens (both Apiaceae); structure given in first source	2.6	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; coumarins	metabolite
dihydralazine Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)	12.38	15	1	phthalazines
cytisine [no description available]	2	1	0	alkaloid; bridged compound; lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound	nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; phytotoxin; plant metabolite
bicuculline Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.	2.93	4	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines	agrochemical; central nervous system stimulant; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; GABAA receptor antagonist; neurotoxin
flavanone flavanone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure in first source. flavanone : The simplest member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavan bearing an oxo substituent at position 4.	2.6	1	0	flavanones
kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.	2.71	3	0	dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist
thymoquinone thymoquinone: constituent of cedarwood; can cause dermatitis; structure. thymoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-bezoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. It is a natural compound isolated from Nigella sativa which has demonstrated promising chemotherapeutic activity.	2.15	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones	adjuvant; anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite
pamaquine pamaquine: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0	aminoquinoline
phenylpropanolamine Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid.	2.05	1	0	amphetamines; phenethylamine alkaloid	plant metabolite
benzohydroxamic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0
dipicolinic acid dipicolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying two carboxy groups at positions 2 and 6.	2.15	1	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid	bacterial metabolite
phloretic acid phloretic acid: structure. N-hydroxysuccinimide ester : An ester of N-hydroxysuccinimide.. phloretic acid : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of propionic acid having a 4-hydroxyphenyl group at the 3-position.	2.6	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	plant metabolite
4-hydroxybutyric acid 4-hydroxybutyric acid: was an entry term to Sodium Oxybate (74-98). 4-hydroxybutyric acid : A 4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.23	1	0	4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	general anaesthetic; GHB receptor agonist; neurotoxin; sedative
alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.	5.16	6	0
thiazolidines Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.	4.46	23	0	thiazolidine
mustard gas Mustard Gas: Severe irritant and vesicant of skin, eyes, and lungs. It may cause blindness and lethal lung edema and was formerly used as a war gas. The substance has been proposed as a cytostatic and for treatment of psoriasis. It has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985) (Merck, 11th ed).. bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide : An ethyl sulfide that is diethyl sulfide in which a hydrogen from each of the terminal methyl groups is replaced by a chlorine. It is a powerful vesicant regulated under the Chemical Weapons Convention.	2.04	1	0	ethyl sulfide; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; vesicant
cyanogen bromide Cyanogen Bromide: Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.	2.38	2	0
oleanolic acid [no description available]	2.8	3	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
dihydroergotamine Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.	4.23	5	0	ergot alkaloid; semisynthetic derivative	dopamine agonist; non-narcotic analgesic; serotonergic agonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.	2.96	4	0	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	4.11	4	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside	mutagen
medroxyprogesterone [no description available]	10.79	6	1	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
androstenediol Androstenediol: An intermediate in TESTOSTERONE biosynthesis, found in the TESTIS or the ADRENAL GLANDS. Androstenediol, derived from DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE by the reduction of the 17-keto group (17-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES), is converted to TESTOSTERONE by the oxidation of the 3-beta hydroxyl group to a 3-keto group (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES).. androst-5-ene-3beta,17beta-diol : A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-ene carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 17beta.	1.99	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent
dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.	1.99	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid: a nonpermeable electron acceptor. 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is 1,2-naphthoquinone substituted at position 4 with a sulfonic acid group. Used principally as a reagent in colorimetric determinations.	7.04	1	0	arenesulfonic acid; naphthalenone	colorimetric reagent
luminol Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.	3.12	5	0
tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of tetryzoline. It is used as a nasal decongestant.	2.47	2	0	hydrochloride	nasal decongestant; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
dequalinium chloride dequalinium chloride : An organic chloride salt that is the dichloride salt of dequalinium.	2.03	1	0	organic chloride salt	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiseptic drug; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor
angelicin angelicin: used as tranquillizer; sedative; or anticonvulsant; structure	2.6	1	0	furanocoumarin
dimenhydrinate gravinol: has antioxidant and ant-inflammatory activities; structure in first source	3.61	2	0	diarylmethane
1,2-naphthoquinone naphthalene-1,2-dione: structure given in first source. 1,2-naphthoquinone : The parent structure of the family of 1,2-naphthoquinones, in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 2 of the naphthalene ring. It is a metabolite of naphthalene and is found in diesel exhaust particles.	2.13	1	0	1,2-naphthoquinones	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent
copper gluconate Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.	3.18	1	0	organic molecular entity
apronalide apronalide: structure	2.04	1	0	N-acylurea
chlormethiazole Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.	2.95	4	0	thiazoles
tropolone Tropolone: A seven-membered aromatic ring compound. It is structurally related to a number of naturally occurring antifungal compounds (ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS).. tropolone : A cyclic ketone that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is a toxin produced by the agricultural pathogen Burkholderia plantarii.	2.54	2	0	alpha-hydroxy ketone; cyclic ketone; enol	bacterial metabolite; fungicide; toxin
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol : A hydroxytoluene that is o-cresol carrying nitro substituents at positions 4 and 6.	2.04	1	0	dinitrophenol acaricide; hydroxytoluene; nitrotoluene	dinitrophenol insecticide; fungicide; herbicide
diperodon diperodon: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester
methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.	4.04	4	0	amphetamines; secondary amine	central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic
levocarnitine (R)-carnitine : The (R)-enantiomer of carnitine.	3.85	3	0	carnitine	antilipemic drug; nootropic agent; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; water-soluble vitamin (role)
decamethonium dibromide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	12.06	43	2	dialdehyde	biomarker
cadmium acetate cadmium acetate: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0
sulfanilylurea sulfanilylurea: antimicrobial agent; structure	3.59	2	0	benzenes; sulfonamide
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.02	1	0	arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound	epitope; explosive; reagent
gentian violet Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.	2.05	1	0	organic chloride salt	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antiseptic drug; histological dye
amitriptyline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.98	4	0	organic tricyclic compound
naphazoline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.47	2	0	organic molecular entity
1-naphthylisothiocyanate 1-Naphthylisothiocyanate: A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage.	2.76	3	0	isothiocyanate	insecticide
hematoporphyrin Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.	2.05	1	0
4,4'-bipyridyl 4,4'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-4 and C-4'.	2.13	1	0	bipyridine
lithium carbonate Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.	2.4	2	0	carbonate salt; lithium salt	antimanic drug
glycylglycine [no description available]	2.02	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	human metabolite
18-hydroxycorticosterone [no description available]	2.88	4	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo steroid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
doxylamine succinate [no description available]	2.47	2	0	organic molecular entity
carbamylhydrazine monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	organic molecular entity
monoacetyldapsone monoacetyldapsone: used in leprosy chemotherapy. monoacetyldapsone : A secondary carboxamide resulting from acetylation of one of the amino groups of dapsone.	2.13	1	0	acetamides; anilide; secondary carboxamide; sulfone
metahexamide metahexamide: major descriptor (64-83); on-line search SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS (64-83); Index Medicus search METAHEXAMIDE (64-83); RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	benzenes; sulfonamide
formestane [no description available]	2.47	2	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; enol; hydroxy steroid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
chlorotrianisene Chlorotrianisene: A powerful synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen.	2.13	1	0	chloroalkene	antineoplastic agent; estrogen receptor modulator; xenoestrogen
lactulose [no description available]	4.27	5	0	glycosylfructose	gastrointestinal drug; laxative
3-hydroxyflavone 3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.	2.05	1	0	flavonols; monohydroxyflavone
aminacrine [no description available]	2.13	1	0
isoxsuprine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.77	3	0	alkylbenzene
debrisoquin sulfate [no description available]	2.03	1	0	organic sulfate salt
betaine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.74	3	0
bethanechol chloride bethanechol chloride : The chloride salt of bethanechol. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.	2.47	2	0	carbamate ester; chloride salt; quaternary ammonium salt	muscarinic agonist
megestrol acetate [no description available]	3.46	7	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; steroid ester	antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
algestone Algestone: A synthetic progestational dihydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE. Its acetonide possesses anti-inflammatory properties.. algestone : A C21-steroid that is pregn-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at position 3 and 20 and hydroxy groups at positions 16 and 17.	1.99	1	0	16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	progestin
glycopyrrolate Glycopyrrolate: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in some disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and to reduce salivation with some anesthetics.. glycopyrronium bromide : A quaternary ammonium salt composed of 3-{[cyclopentyl(hydroxy)phenylacetyl]oxy}-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium and bromide ions in a 1:1 ratio.	8.37	1	1	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt
pamabrom [no description available]	3.23	1	0
Methyl 2-benzoylbenzoate methyl 2-benzoylbenzoate: a photoinitiator; structure in first source	2.11	1	0	benzophenones
toyocamycin Toyocamycin: 4-Amino-5-cyano-7-(D-ribofuranosyl)-7H- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from Streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry.. toyocamycin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the pyrrolopyrimidine moiety has been replaced by a cyano group.	2.04	1	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; nitrile; ribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite
2-hydroxyacetanilide 2-acetamidophenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 2-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group. A positional isomer of paracetamol which possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic and anti-platelet aggregation properties.	2.13	1	0	acetamides; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; apoptosis inducer; platelet aggregation inhibitor; xenobiotic metabolite
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	6.8	47	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
2-phenyl-2-propanol 2-phenylpropan-2-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is isopropanol in which the hydrogen attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group has been replaced by a phenyl group.	3.27	1	0	benzyl alcohols; tertiary alcohol	human xenobiotic metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
3-hydroxyacetanilide metacetamol : A derivative of phenol which has an acetamido substituent located meta to the phenolic -OH group. It is a non-toxic regioisomer of paracetamol with analgesic properties, but has never been marketed as a drug.	2.46	2	0	acetamides; phenols	non-narcotic analgesic
ethyl propiolate ethyl propiolate : The ethyl ester of prop-2-ynoic acid.	2.46	2	0	ethyl ester; terminal acetylenic compound; ynoate ester
methoxyacetic acid methoxyacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methoxyacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a methoxy group.	2.46	2	0	ether; monocarboxylic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; human xenobiotic metabolite; mutagen
Berberine chloride (TN) [no description available]	3.15	1	0	organic molecular entity
clopamide Clopamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide piperidine. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.	2.13	1	0	sulfonamide
glycochenodeoxycholic acid Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. glycochenodeoxycholate : A N-acylglycinate that is the conjugate base of glycochenodeoxycholic acid.. glycochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oyl as the bile acid component.	2.07	1	0	bile acid glycine conjugate	human metabolite
benzydamine Benzydamine: A benzyl-indazole having analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It is used to reduce post-surgical and post-traumatic pain and edema and to promote healing. It is also used topically in treatment of RHEUMATIC DISEASES and INFLAMMATION of the mouth and throat.. benzydamine : A member of the class of indazoles carrying benzyl and 3-(dimethylamino)propyl groups at positions 1 and 3 respectively. A locally-acting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that also exhibits local anaesthetic and analgesic properties.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; indazoles; tertiary amino compound	analgesic; central nervous system stimulant; hallucinogen; local anaesthetic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
erythromycin stearate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aminoglycoside
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	5.29	16	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone.	3.55	2	0	17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
isosorbide Isosorbide: 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro D-glucitol. Chemically inert osmotic diuretic used mainly to treat hydrocephalus; also used in glaucoma.	10.65	5	4	organic molecular entity
2-piperidone 2-piperidone: structure given in first source. piperidin-2-one : A delta-lactam that is piperidine which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	1.96	1	0	delta-lactam; piperidones	EC 1.2.1.88 (L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor
dibutyldichlorotin [no description available]	2.04	1	0
hadacidin hadacidin: inhibitor of AMP synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hadacidin : A monocarboxylic acid that is N-hydroxyglycine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a formyl group. It was originally isolated from cultures of Penicillium frequentans.	2.04	1	0	aldehyde; monocarboxylic acid; N-hydroxy-alpha-amino-acid	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; Penicillium metabolite; teratogenic agent
phosmet Phosmet: An organothiophosphorus insecticide that has been used to control pig mange.	2.13	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phthalimides	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
hydroxychloroquine sulfate [no description available]	2.58	2	0
carbophenothion carbophenothion: structure	2.04	1	0	organic sulfide
levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.	4.55	7	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
porfiromycin Porfiromycin: Toxic antibiotic of the mitomycin group, obtained from MITOMYCIN and also from Streptomyces ardus and other species. It is proposed as an antineoplastic agent, with some antibiotic properties.	2.04	1	0
calcium citrate Calcium Citrate: A colorless crystalline or white powdery organic, tricarboxylic acid occurring in plants, especially citrus fruits, and used as a flavoring agent, as an antioxidant in foods, and as a sequestrating agent. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed). calcium citrate : An organic calcium salt composed of calcium cations and citrate anions in a 3:2 ratio.	2.02	1	0	organic calcium salt	flavouring agent; food additive; food preservative; nutraceutical
Mecamylamine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	monoterpenoid
lormetazepam lormetazepam: RN given refers to cpd with specified locant for methyl group; structure given in first source. lormetazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position, a 2-chlorophenyl group at the 5-position and a chloro substituent at the 7-position.	2.96	4	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	sedative
vinblastine [no description available]	4.93	11	0
potassium citrate Potassium Citrate: A powder that dissolves in water, which is administered orally, and is used as a diuretic, expectorant, systemic alkalizer, and electrolyte replenisher.. potassium citrate (anhydrous) : The anhydrous form of the tripotassium salt of citric acid.	3.37	1	1	potassium salt	diuretic
malononitrile dimer Malononitrile dimer: has antithyroid activity; inhibits conversion of monoiodotyrosine to diiodotyrosine	2.13	1	0
diphenyl disulfide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	benzenes
diphenoxylate Diphenoxylate: A MEPERIDINE congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with ATROPINE. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity.. diphenoxylate : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of difenoxin.	3.23	1	0	ethyl ester; nitrile; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amine	antidiarrhoeal drug
1-methylpyridinium 1-methylpyridinium: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.57	2	0	methylpyridines
deoxyuridine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
testolactone Testolactone: An antineoplastic agent that is a derivative of progesterone and used to treat advanced breast cancer.	2.04	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; seco-androstane
cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous) cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous) : The hydrochloride salt of cyproheptadine. Note that the drug named cyproheptadine hydrochloride generally refers to cyproheptadine hydrochloride sesquihydrate.	2.98	4	0	hydrochloride
benzohexonium benzohexonium: RN given refers to dibenzenesulfonate salt; see also hexamethonium: 60-26-4	1.99	1	0
estradiol valerate [no description available]	2.75	3	0	steroid ester
rhodamine 6g rhodamine 6G: RN given refers to HCl	6.99	1	0
ethambutol hydrochloride ethambutol dihydrochloride : The dihydrchloride salt of ethambutol. A bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, it is effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol dihydrochloride is used alone.	2.08	1	0	hydrochloride	antitubercular agent
ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.	4.95	11	0	ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative	antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
pyrithioxin Pyrithioxin: A neurotropic agent which reduces permeability of blood-brain barrier to phosphate. It has no vitamin B6 activity.	6.22	4	1	methylpyridines
metformin hydrochloride metformin hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of metformin with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride.	2.6	1	0	hydrochloride	environmental contaminant; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
tetramethylpyrazine tetramethylpyrazine: found in Ligusticum chuanxiong. tetramethylpyrazine : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum wallichii).	2.13	1	0	alkaloid; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
2,2'-dipyridylamine dipyridin-2-ylamine: structure in first source	2.13	1	0
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.	2.01	1	0	zinc molecular entity
antimycin a [no description available]	2.58	2	0	benzamides; formamides; macrodiolide; phenols	antifungal agent; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; piscicide
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	5.66	14	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
nsc 65346 sangivamycin: RN given refers to parent cpd. sangivamycin : A nucleoside analogue that is adenosine in which the nitrogen at position 7 is replaced by a carbamoyl-substituted carbon. It is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C.	2.04	1	0	nucleoside analogue	protein kinase inhibitor
glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.	2.46	2	0	enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin	EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	3.83	3	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
pregnenolone carbonitrile Pregnenolone Carbonitrile: A catatoxic steroid and microsomal enzyme inducer having significant effects on the induction of cytochrome P450. It has also demonstrated the potential for protective capability against acetaminophen-induced liver damage.	2.78	3	0	aliphatic nitrile
guanazole Guanazole: A cytostatic triazole derivative which is not to be confused with guanazolo, the generic name for 8-azaguanine.. guanazole : An aromatic amine that is 1,2,4-triazole substituted at positions 3 and 5 by amino groups.	2.04	1	0	aromatic amine; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor
flurandrenolone Flurandrenolone: A corticosteroid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream or an ointment, and is also used as a polyethylene tape with an adhesive. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p733)	2.13	1	0	21-hydroxy steroid
ibufenac ibufenac: used in the treatment of rheumatism; also possesses antipyretic properties; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search PHENYLACETATES (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. ibufenac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 4-isobutylphenyl group. Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, the clinical use of ibufenac was discontinued due to hepatotoxic side-effects.	4.08	4	0	monocarboxylic acid	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
metylperon metylperon: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.46	2	0	aromatic ketone
diethylcarbamazine citrate [no description available]	2.13	1	0	piperazinecarboxamide
meturedepa meturedepa: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6031	2.04	1	0	phosphoramide
metaxalone [no description available]	3.23	1	0	aromatic ether
digoxigenin Digoxigenin: 3 beta,12 beta,14-Trihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digoxin. Can be obtained by hydrolysis of digoxin or from Digitalis orientalis L. and Digitalis lanata Ehrh.. digoxigenin : A hydroxy steroid that consists of 5beta-cardanolide having a double bond at the 20(22)-position as well as hydroxy groups at the 3beta-, 12beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Digitalis.	1.98	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol	hapten; plant metabolite
ioxynil ioxynil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. ioxynil : A nitrile that is benzonitrile substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and iodo groups at positions 3 and 5.	2.04	1	0	iodophenol; nitrile	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
bromoxynil bromoxynil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile : A dibromobenzene that is 2,6-dibromophenol substituted by a cyano group at position 4.	2.04	1	0	dibromobenzene; hydroxynitrile; phenols	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
spectinomycin Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.	3.58	2	0	cyclic acetal; cyclic hemiketal; cyclic ketone; pyranobenzodioxin; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin: A mixture of isomers.	2.05	1	0	polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	bipyridines
dichlorobenzyl alcohol 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol : A member of the class of benzyl alcohols that is benzyl alcohol in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 4 are replaced by chlorines.	2.6	1	0	benzyl alcohols; dichlorobenzene	antiseptic drug
azacyclonol azacyclonol: major descriptor (65-84); on-line search PIPERIDINES (65-84); Index Medicus search AZACYCLONOL (65-84); RN given refers to parent cpd	2.13	1	0	diarylmethane
5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol : The 5alpha-stereoisomer of androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol.	2.47	2	0	androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol	Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite
guaiacoxyacetic acid guaiacoxyacetic acid: structure given in first source	2.13	1	0
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	3.28	6	0	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
picloram Picloram: A picolinic acid derivative that is used as a herbicide.. picloram : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a chloro group at positions 3,5 and 6, and by an amino group at position 4. It is a systemic herbicide used to control deeply rooted herbaceous weeds and woody plants in rights-of-way, forestry, range lands, pastures, and small grain crops.	2.04	1	0	aminopyridine; chloropyridine; organochlorine pesticide; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid	herbicide; synthetic auxin
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	2.74	3	0	tertiary amine
ethoglucid Ethoglucid: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used especially in bladder neoplasms. It is toxic to hair follicles, gastro-intestinal tract, and vasculature.	2.04	1	0	epoxide
dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.	4.23	5	0	benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide	cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic
methionine sulfoximine methionine sulfoximine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine .	1.97	1	0	methionine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide
methylene diphosphonate medronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) consisting of methane substituted by two phosphonic acid groups.	2.13	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)	bone density conservation agent; chelator
amiloride hydrochloride, anhydrous amiloride hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining amiloride with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	10.07	24	12	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
buthiazide buthiazide: 3-isobutyl analog of hydrochlorothiazide; structure	3.76	2	1	benzothiadiazine
pimozide Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.	6.34	11	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound	antidyskinesia agent; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
benperidol Benperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567)	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone
azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid: a proline analog (with 4-membered ring in place of 5); a toxic non-protein amino acid that is misincorporated into protein in place of proline; induces nonfunctional heat-shock proteins; inhibits acquired thermotolerance; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; found in beets and Liliaceae. (S)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid : The (S)-enantiomer of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.. azetidinecarboxylic acid : A member of the class of azetidines that is azetidine substituted by at least one carboxy group at unspecified position.	2.03	1	0	azetidine-2-carboxylic acid
flumethasone Flumethasone: An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in veterinary practice.	2.13	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug
betamethasone valerate Betamethasone Valerate: The 17-valerate derivative of BETAMETHASONE. It has substantial topical anti-inflammatory activity and relatively low systemic anti-inflammatory activity.. betamethasone valerate : A steroid ester that is betamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position has been converted to the corresponding pentanoate ester.	2.4	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid ester	anti-inflammatory drug
guanoxan guanoxan: was MH 1976-92 (see under GUANIDINES 1976-90); use GUANIDINES to search GUANOXAN 1976-92; antihypertensive agent similar in its mechanism of action to guanethidine; may cause liver damage	2.46	2	0	benzodioxine
azaribine azaribine: pyrimidine analogue; anti-metabolite used in psoriasis & mycosis fungoides;. azaribine : A N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine that is 6-azauridine acetylated at positions 2', 3' and 5' on the sugar ring. It is a prodrug for 6-azauridine and is used for treatment of psoriasis.	2.48	2	0	acetate ester; N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine	antipsoriatic; prodrug
hydrocortisone hemisuccinate hydrocortisone succinate : A derivative of succinic acid in which one of the carboxy groups is esterified by the C-21 hydroxy group of cortisol (hydrocortisone).	2.13	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; hemisuccinate; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
aminorex Aminorex: An amphetamine-like anorectic agent. It may cause pulmonary hypertension.	3.06	1	0	benzenes
1,2-dithiolane-4-carboxylic acid 1,2-dithiolane-4-carboxylic acid: structure	2.11	1	0	dithiolanecarboxylic acid; dithiolanes; sulfur-containing carboxylic acid
phenethyl isothiocyanate phenethyl isothiocyanate: a dietary liver aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor; promotes urinary bladder carcinoma. phenethyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenethyl group attached to the nitrogen. It is a naturally occurring compound found in some cruciferous vegetables (e.g. watercress) and is known to possess anticancer properties.	2.46	2	0	isothiocyanate	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; metabolite
muscarine [no description available]	2.03	1	0
fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.	5.19	6	2	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
methylprednisolone hemisuccinate Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate: A water-soluble ester of METHYLPREDNISOLONE used for cardiac, allergic, and hypoxic emergencies.	2.02	1	0	corticosteroid hormone; hemisuccinate
dexbrompheniramine dexbrompheniramine : The (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.	3.23	1	0	brompheniramine	anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist
sulfadoxine Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial.	2.46	2	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antimalarial
1,3,5-triglycidyl-s-triazinetrione [no description available]	2.04	1	0
antazoline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.47	2	0
ethamsylate Ethamsylate: Benzenesulfonate derivative used as a systemic hemostatic.	7.02	1	0	organosulfur compound; sulfonic acid derivative
acadesine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide; aminoimidazole; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor
acetophenazine acetophenazine: major descriptor (73-85); minor descriptor (64-72); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-85); Index Medicus search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-72); ACETOPHENAZINE (73-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. acetophenazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at the nitogen atom and an acetyl group at position 2.	2.45	2	0	N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; phenothiazines	phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
mebeverine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
chlordesmethyldiazepam [no description available]	2.04	1	0	benzodiazepine
stavudine Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	5.12	13	0	dihydrofuran; nucleoside analogue; organic molecular entity	antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
doxifluridine doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.	3.3	6	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
dicloxacillin Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.	4.53	7	0	dichlorobenzene; penicillin	antibacterial drug
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.	2.69	3	0	fluorescein isothiocyanate
improsan improsan: synonyms NSC-102627, alkylating agent 864 & yoshi 864 refer to HCl; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	organosulfonic ester
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	3.5	8	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
cyclacillin Cyclacillin: A cyclohexylamido analog of PENICILLANIC ACID.	2.02	1	0	penicillin	antibacterial drug
clidinium bromide clidinium bromide : The bromide salt of clinidium. It is used for the symptomatic treatment of peptic ulcer disease and also to help relieve abdominal or stomach spasms or cramps due to colicky abdominal pain, diverticulitis, and irritable bowel syndrome.	2.13	1	0
iproclozide iproclozide: structure	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether
megestrol Megestrol: A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.. megestrol : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.	3.23	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
meclofenoxate hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
tranylcypromine Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.	2.02	1	0	2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
diloxanide furoate diloxanide furoate: structure. diloxanide furoate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of furan-2-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of 2,2-dichloro-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylacetamide. It is a drug used for the treatment of asymptomatic amebiasis.	2.13	1	0	carboxylic ester; furans; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide	antiamoebic agent; prodrug
streptomycin [no description available]	4.85	10	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
piperacetazine piperacetazine: was MH 1975-91 (see under PHENOTHIAZINE TRANQUILIZERS 1975-90)	2.04	1	0	phenothiazines
nitroxoline nitroxoline: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6475; RN given refers to parent cpd. nitroxoline : A monohydroxyquinoline in which the hydroxy group is positioned at C-8 with a nitro group trans to it at C-5.	2.51	2	0	C-nitro compound; monohydroxyquinoline	antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; renal agent
4,6-diamino-2,2-dimethyl-1,2-dihydro-1-phenyl-s-triazine 4,6-diamino-2,2-dimethyl-1,2-dihydro-1-phenyl-s-triazine: structure in first source	1.99	1	0
dideoxyadenosine Dideoxyadenosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.	2.6	1	0	adenosines; purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
clonidine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.74	3	0	dichlorobenzene
cladribine [no description available]	4.77	9	0	organochlorine compound; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent
beclomethasone [no description available]	3.14	5	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; corticosteroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug
n-butylboronic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0
fructosamine Fructosamine: An amino sugar formed when glucose non-enzymatically reacts with the N-terminal amino group of proteins. The fructose moiety is derived from glucose by the classical Amadori rearrangement.	4.05	3	1
pyrodifenium bromide pyrodifenium bromide: was heading 1976-94 (see under PYRROLIDINES 1976-90); PRIFINIUM BROMIDE was see PYRODIFENIUM BROMIDE 1976-94: use PYRROLIDINES to search PYRODIFENIUM BROMIDE 1976-94; quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent more specific for the gastrointestinal tract than atropine	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
ethylene dimethanesulfonate ethylene dimethanesulfonate: antispermatogenic agent; structure	2.46	2	0
carbenicillin Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.	4.07	4	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
carbenicillin disodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt
dehydroemetine dehydroemetine: was MH 1991-94 (see under EMETINE 1976-90); use EMETINE to search DEHYDROEMETINE 1976-94; amebicide, derivative of emetine. dehydroemetine : A pyridoisoquinoline which was developed in response to the cardiovascular toxicity associated with emetine and results from the dehydrogenation of the heterotricylic ring of emetine. It is an antiprotozoal agent and displays antimalarial, antiamoebic, and antileishmanial properties.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; isoquinolines; pyridoisoquinoline	antileishmanial agent; antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug
estradiol enanthate [no description available]	2.02	1	0	steroid ester
benorilate benorilate: was heading 1980-94 (see under SALICYLATES 1980-90); was BENORYLATE see under SALICYLATES 1975-79; BENORYLATE was see BENORILATE 1980-94; use SALICYLATES to search BENORILATE 1980-90 & BENORYLATE 1975-79; an ester of aspirin and paracetamol with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activity used in the treatment of rheumatoid diseases; it has less severe side effects than aspirin	2.05	1	0	carbonyl compound
trimetazidine Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amine
buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.	2.4	2	0	diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide	EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer
metocurine metocurine: from Chinese herb Cyclea hainanensis Mrr	2.08	1	0	isoquinolines
floxacillin Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.	3.3	6	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
clomacran clomacran: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.59	2	0	acridines
diaveridine diaveridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. diaveridine : An aminopyrimidine in which the pyrimidine ring carries amino substituents at C-2 and C-4 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at C-5. A folic acid antagonist, it is used as a synergist with sulfonamides against the parasitic Eimeria species.	1.99	1	0	aminopyrimidine	antiparasitic agent; drug allergen
mexiletine hydrochloride mexiletine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride composed of equimolar amounts of mexiletine and hydrogen chloride.	2.74	3	0	hydrochloride	anti-arrhythmia drug
pentaquine pentaquine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0
beclomethasone dipropionate beclomethasone dipropionate : A steroid ester comprising beclomethasone having propionyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.	2.74	3	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; corticosteroid; enone; glucocorticoid; propanoate ester; steroid ester	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.	3	4	0	beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
alverine citrate [no description available]	2.13	1	0	citrate salt; organoammonium salt	antispasmodic drug; cholinergic antagonist
betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate [no description available]	2.02	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; propanoate ester; steroid ester	antipsoriatic
methenamine hippurate methenamine hippurate: both parts of molecule contribute to its antibacterial action	3.23	1	0	N-acylglycine
cyclogyl cyclopentolate hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of cyclopentolate. It is used to produce mydriasis (excessive dilation of the pupil) and cycloplegia (paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye) for opthalmic diagnostic procedures. It acts more quickly than atropine and has a shorter duration of action.	2.13	1	0
olsalazine olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.	4.4	6	0	azobenzenes; dicarboxylic acid	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
cyclophosphamide cyclophosphamide hydrate : The monohydrate of cyclophosphamide.	2.03	1	0	hydrate	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; immunosuppressive agent
suxamethonium chloride succinylcholine chloride (anhydrous) : A chloride salt in which the negative charge of the chloride ions is balanced by succinylcholine dications.	2.03	1	0	chloride salt	muscle relaxant
cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of cyclobenzaprine. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	antidepressant; muscle relaxant
n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.	2.03	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound	neurotransmitter agent
3-deazaadenosine 3-deazaadenosine: RN given refers to parent cpd.	2.52	2	0
tiadenol tiadenol: structure	2.05	1	0	aliphatic sulfide
terodiline [no description available]	2.74	3	0	diarylmethane
trimethaphan Trimethaphan: A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocker in hypertension, as an adjunct to anesthesia, and to induce hypotension during surgery.. trimethaphan : A complex heterocyclic sulfonium compound with an imidazolium core, used to treat hypertension.	1.96	1	0	sulfonium compound	anaesthesia adjuvant; antihypertensive agent; nicotinic antagonist; vasodilator agent
1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene 1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0
metoclopramide hydrochloride metoclopramide hydrochloride : A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of metoclopramide monohydrochloride.	2.98	4	0
isoetharine mesylate [no description available]	2.47	2	0
etidronate disodium etidronate disodium : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of two protons from etidronic acid (one from from each of the phosphonic acid groups) by sodium ions.	2.08	1	0	organic sodium salt	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; chelator
iridium Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.	2.15	1	0	cobalt group element atom; platinum group metal atom
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	7.93	4	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	4.8	10	0	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.	7.39	2	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	2	1	0	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	3.5	7	0	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.	4.53	25	0	manganese group element atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	2.49	2	0	titanium group element atom
actinium Actinium: A trivalent radioactive element and the prototypical member of the actinide family. It has the atomic symbol Ac, and atomic number 89. Its principal isotope is 227 and it decays primarily by beta-emission.	2.03	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom; scandium group element atom
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	3.61	9	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
cerium Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.	7.39	2	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	5.2	6	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	6.21	18	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
cupric chloride cupric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. copper(II) chloride : An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.	1.98	1	0	copper molecular entity; inorganic chloride	EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor
zalcitabine Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.	5.23	15	0	pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
magnesium sulfate Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.	12.34	10	4	magnesium salt; metal sulfate; organic magnesium salt	anaesthetic; analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; fertilizer; tocolytic agent
mercuric chloride Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.	1.97	1	0	mercury coordination entity	sensitiser
galactosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.	2.15	1	0	D-galactosamine; primary amino compound	toxin
6-nitroindazole [no description available]	2.13	1	0
metocurine iodide [no description available]	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether
hypochlorous acid Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.	2.9	4	0	chlorine oxoacid; reactive oxygen species	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite
propionylpromazine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.95	4	0	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
ferric chloride ferric chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-Cl3; used to induce experimental arterial thrombosis to evaluate antithrombotic agents	2.39	2	0	iron coordination entity	astringent; Lewis acid
nickel chloride nickel chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Cl2. nickel dichloride : A compound of nickel and chloride in which the ratio of nickel (in the +2 oxidation state) to chloride is 1:2.	2.03	1	0	nickel coordination entity	calcium channel blocker; hapten
ferrous sulfate ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.	3.38	1	1	iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	reducing agent
isopentenyladenosine Isopentenyladenosine: N(6)-[delta(3)-isopentenyl]adenosine. Isopentenyl derivative of adenosine which is a member of the cytokinin family of plant growth regulators.. N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine : A nucleoside analogue in which adenosine has been modified by substitution at the 6-amino nitrogen by a Delta(2)-isopentenyl group.	2.04	1	0	N-ribosyl-N(6)-isopentenyladenine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent; plant growth regulator; plant metabolite
bromine Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.	7.47	2	0	diatomic bromine
zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.	3.07	5	0	metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity	fertilizer
calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous: molecular formula CaHPO(4), DCPA=dicalcium phosphate anhydrous; don't confuse with dichloropropionanilide which also is called DCPA; MW=136.06; has greater surface area and lower pH than DCPD (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate); occurs in nature as monetite; an intermediate in preparing hydroxyapatite	1.99	1	0	calcium phosphate
calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, monobasic: MW 234.05	1.99	1	0	calcium phosphate	fertilizer
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	2.44	2	0	calcium phosphate
ferrous chloride ferrous chloride: induces convulsions; RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0	iron coordination entity
copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.	2.39	2	0	metal sulfate	emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser
metoprine metoprine: histamine methyltransferase antagonist	2.02	1	0
silver nitrate Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.	1.98	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt; silver salt	astringent
sodium thiosulfate sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.	3.23	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	antidote to cyanide poisoning; antifungal drug; nephroprotective agent
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	1.96	1	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
deuterium oxide Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes.	2.11	1	0	deuterated compound; water	NMR solvent
vasotocin Vasotocin: A nonapeptide that contains the ring of OXYTOCIN and the side chain of ARG-VASOPRESSIN with the latter determining the specific recognition of hormone receptors. Vasotocin is the non-mammalian vasopressin-like hormone or antidiuretic hormone regulating water and salt metabolism.. vasotocin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is homologous to oxytocin and vasopressin. It is a pituitary hormone that acts as an endocrine regulator for water balance, osmotic homoeostasis and is involved in social and sexual behavior in non-mammalian vertebrates.	1.96	1	0
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	2.39	2	0	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.	2.42	2	0	cadmium coordination entity
nsc-145,668 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
ancitabine Ancitabine: Congener of CYTARABINE that is metabolized to cytarabine and thereby maintains a more constant antineoplastic action.. ancitabine : An organic heterotricyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the oxo group of cytidine to the 2' position with loss of water to give the corresponding cyclic ether. A prodrug, it is metabolised to the antineoplastic agent cytarabine, so is used to maintain a more constant antineoplastic action.	2.52	2	0	diol; organic heterotricyclic compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
amopyroquine amopyroquine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.05	1	0
trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	3.79	3	0
stanozolol Stanozolol: A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194). stanozolol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes.	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	anabolic agent; androgen
chloropyramine chloropyramine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.6	1	0	aminopyridine
phenacid phenacid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0
clodronic acid Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.	2.73	3	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); one-carbon compound; organochlorine compound	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent
carbendazim carbendazim: carcinogen when combined with sodium nitrite; principle metabolite of thiophanate methyl & benomyl; structure. carbendazim : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.	2.46	2	0	benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug; metabolite; microtubule-destabilising agent
coformycin [no description available]	3.41	1	0	coformycins	EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
glucoheptonate glucoheptonic acid : A carbohydrate acid that is heptanoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at C-2, C-3, C-4, C-5, C-6, and C-7.	6.98	1	0	carbohydrate acid; monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
mafenide acetate [no description available]	2.08	1	0	carboxylic acid
reproterol reproterol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.46	2	0	oxopurine
ethionine L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.	2.46	2	0	S-ethylhomocysteine	antimetabolite; carcinogenic agent
apazone Apazone: An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric properties and has been used to treat gout.. apazone : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazine bearing a dimethylamino substitutent at position 3 and a methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the nitrogens at positions 1 and 2 are both acylated by a carboxy group of propylmalonic acid.	2.04	1	0	benzotriazines	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; uricosuric drug
hydrocortisone-17-butyrate cortisol 17-butyrate : Cortisol esterified with butyric acid at the 17-hydroxy group.	2.13	1	0	butyrate ester; cortisol ester; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	dermatologic drug; drug allergen
diacerein diacerein: chelates with bivalent metals; a quinone which possesses redox properties; metabolized to active rhein; proposed mechanisms include inhibiting IL1 and metalloproteinases; called a slow acting symptomatic drug in osteoarthritis; no effect of cyclooxygenase;	2.08	1	0	anthraquinone
xipamide Xipamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action.	2.74	3	0	benzamides
selegiline Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.	4.75	9	0	selegiline; terminal acetylenic compound	geroprotector
selegiline hydrochloride, (r)-isomer [no description available]	2.08	1	0	hydrochloride; terminal acetylenic compound	antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	8.29	6	0	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
benserazide hydrochloride benserazide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of benserazide. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide hydrochloride has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.	2.47	2	0	hydrochloride	antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
clemastine Clemastine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.. clemastine : 2-[(2R)-1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is substituted by a 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethyl group (R configuration). An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used as its fumarate salt for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.	5.95	7	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpyrrolidine	anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
thiamphenicol [no description available]	2.47	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfone	antimicrobial agent; immunosuppressive agent
pancuronium bromide pancuronium bromide : A bromide salt consisting of two bromide ions and one pancuronium dication.	2.46	2	0	bromide salt	cholinergic antagonist; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
pizotyline Pizotyline: Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches.. pizotifen : A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods.	2.05	1	0	benzocycloheptathiophene	histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
cephalexin Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.	5.51	12	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
cromolyn sodium Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.	2.71	3	0	organic sodium salt	anti-asthmatic drug; drug allergen
isosorbide-5-mononitrate isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug	8.21	17	7	glucitol derivative; nitrate ester	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
pentamethylmelamine pentamethylmelamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.48	2	0
eedq EEDQ: peptide coupling reagent	2.13	1	0
n'-nitrosonornicotine N'-nitrosonornicotine: structure; a potent carcinogen in laboratory animals	2.6	1	0	pyridines; pyrrolidines
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	4.79	12	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
ornidazole Ornidazole: A nitroimidazole antiprotozoal agent used in ameba and trichomonas infections. It is partially plasma-bound and also has radiation-sensitizing action.. ornidazole : A C-nitro compound that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl and methyl groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of susceptible protozoal infections and for the treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections.	2.51	2	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; organochlorine compound; secondary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antiprotozoal drug; antitrichomonal drug; epitope
gold tetrachloride, acid gold tetrachloride, acid: used in root canal therapy; RN given refers to (SP-4-1)	2.07	1	0
calusterone calusterone: was MH 1975-92 (see under METHYLTESTOSTERONE 1975-90); use METHYLTESTOSTERONE to search CALUSTERONE 1975-92	2.04	1	0	3-hydroxy steroid	androgen
danazol Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.	4.86	10	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	anti-estrogen; estrogen antagonist; geroprotector
tetridamin tetridamin: do not confuse with tetrodamine; structure	2.13	1	0
metergoline Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7.	2.71	3	0	carbamate ester; ergoline alkaloid	dopamine agonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist
fenclozic acid fenclozic acid: an analgesic & antipyretic with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZOLES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd	3.59	2	0
lisuride Lisuride: An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS).	2.93	4	0	monocarboxylic acid amide	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; serotonergic agonist
fentiazac [no description available]	2.07	1	0	thiazoles
etoprine etoprine: do not confuse with 3,5-dicarbethoxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-ethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine, also called DDEP	2.04	1	0
mecysteine mecysteine: RN given refers to parent cpd(L)-isomer. methyl L-cysteinate : An L-cysteinyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of L-cysteine with methanol. It is used (as the hydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough.	1.96	1	0	L-cysteinyl ester; primary amino compound; thiol	mucolytic
laxagetten 4,4'-diacetoxydiphenylpyridylemethane [no description available]	3.59	2	0
1-deoxynojirimycin 1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.	4.04	2	0	2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol; piperidine alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.	6.14	9	0	aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
razoxane Razoxane: An antimitotic agent with immunosuppressive properties.	2.04	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine
capobenic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0	benzamides
cephapirin Cephapirin: Cephalosporin antibiotic, partly plasma-bound, that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.. cephapirin : A cephalosporin with acetoxymethyl and 2(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used (as its sodium salt) as an antibiotic, being effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.	2.72	3	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
fludarabine phosphate fludarabine phosphate: structure given in first source. fludarabine phosphate : A purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate having 2-fluoroadenine as the nucleobase. A prodrug, it is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. Once incorporated into DNA, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP functions as a DNA chain terminator. It is used for the treatment of adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have not responded to, or whose disease has progressed during, treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimenas.	3.87	3	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
phosphotyrosine Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group.	2.41	2	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O(4)-phosphotyrosine	Escherichia coli metabolite; immunogen
disopyramide phosphate [no description available]	2.74	3	0	organoammonium phosphate
alclofenac alclofenac: was heading 1975-94 (was see under PHENYLACETATES 1975-90); use PHENYLACETATES to search ALCLOFENAC 1975-94; an anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; acts also as an analgesic and an antipyretic. alclofenac : An aromatic ether in which the ether oxygen links an allyl group to the 4-position of (3-chlorophenyl)acetic acid.A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the UK market in 1979 due to concerns with its association with vasculitis and rash.	3.59	2	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	drug allergen; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
carbimazole Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.	2.05	1	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones; carbamate ester	antithyroid drug; prodrug
bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.	11.5	14	1	indole alkaloid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist
ergocristine ergocristine: an ergot alkaloid; one of the three components of ergotoxine; has alpha blocking action, stimulates smooth muscles & antagonizes serotonin; used as oxytocic & in peripheral disorders; minor descriptor (77-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search EROLINES (77-86); RN given refers to ((5'alpha)-isomer). ergocristine : Ergotaman bearing benzyl, hydroxy, and isopropyl groups at the 5', 12' and 2' positions, respectively, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid.	2.44	2	0	ergot alkaloid
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.98	4	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat.	3.45	1	1	chloride salt; organic chloride salt	antiseptic drug; surfactant
triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.	4.26	5	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
oxyphenisatin [no description available]	3.87	3	0	indoles
thymolphthalein Thymolphthalein: Used as a pH indicator and as a reagent for blood after decolorizing the alkaline solution by boiling with zinc dust.	2.13	1	0	terpene lactone
azetepa [no description available]	2.04	1	0	phosphoramide
tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.	2.05	1	0	chlorocarbon; chloroethenes	nephrotoxic agent
fludrocortisone Fludrocortisone: A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.	5.4	5	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; fluorinated steroid; mineralocorticoid	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	4.25	5	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pregnanolone Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.	2.04	1	0	3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid	human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
butylated hydroxytoluene 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.	2.46	2	0	phenols	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; food additive; geroprotector
metipranolol Metipranolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist effective for both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. It is used as an antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, and antiglaucoma agent.. metipranolol : 3-(Propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by a 4-acetoxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy group. A non-cardioselective beta-blocker, it is used to lower intra-ocular pressure in the management of open-angle glaucoma.	2.02	1	0	acetate ester; aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
benzonidazole benzonidazole: used in treatment of Chagas' disease. benznidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease.	2.47	2	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antiprotozoal drug
halazepam halazepam: structure	2.44	2	0	organic molecular entity
butachlor butachlor : An aromatic amide that is 2-choro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide in which the amide nitrogen has been replaced by a butoxymethyl group.	2.05	1	0	aromatic amide; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
du-21220 Ritodrine: An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR.. 4-[2-[[1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl group.	2.94	4	0	benzyl alcohols; polyphenol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.	1.96	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; organobromine compound	antidepressant; protein kinase agonist
rose bengal b disodium salt [no description available]	2.05	1	0
clobetasol propionate Clobetasol Propionate: This is the form in trademark preparations.. clobetasol propionate : The 17-O-propionate ester of clobetasol. A potent corticosteroid, it is used to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.	2.13	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid	anti-inflammatory drug
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	3.52	8	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
dexchlorpheniramine dexchlorpheniramine: RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer	3.59	2	0	chlorphenamine
ribostamycin Ribostamycin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial isolated from Streptomyces ribosifidicus.. ribostamycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is 4,6-diaminocyclohexane-1,2,3-triol having a 2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 1 and a beta-D-ribosyl residue attached at position 2. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces ribosidificus (formerly S. thermoflavus).	2.04	1	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; metabolite
clometacin clometacin: structure	3.59	2	0	N-acylindole
azoxymethane Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.	2.06	1	0
cefazolin Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	4.74	9	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; tetrazoles; thiadiazoles	antibacterial drug
frentizole frentizole: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.13	1	0
ripazepam [no description available]	2.04	1	0	benzenes
torpedo Torpedo: A genus of the Torpedinidae family consisting of several species. Members of this family have powerful electric organs and are commonly called electric rays.	6.96	1	0
sodium azide Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).	2.71	3	0	inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; explosive; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mutagen
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	2.38	2	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
adenosine diphosphate ribose Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose: An ester formed between the aldehydic carbon of RIBOSE and the terminal phosphate of ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE. It is produced by the hydrolysis of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by a variety of enzymes, some of which transfer an ADP-ribosyl group to target proteins.	3.78	2	1	ADP-sugar	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	5.23	15	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.	7.36	20	1	timolol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
indoramin Indoramin: An alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist that is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent.	5.43	8	0	tryptamines
carfecillin Carfecillin: The phenyl ester of CARBENICILLIN that, upon oral administration, is broken down in the intestinal mucosa to the active antibacterial. It is used for urinary tract infections.	2.05	1	0	penicillin
tramadol Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.	8.62	2	0	2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antitussive; capsaicin receptor antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; muscarinic antagonist; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
almitrine Almitrine: A respiratory stimulant that enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. The drug increases arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It may also prove useful in the treatment of nocturnal oxygen desaturation without impairing the quality of sleep.. almitrine : A triamino-1,3,5-triazine compound having allylamino substituents at the 2- and 4-positions and a 4-(bis(p-fluorophenyl)methyl)-1-piperazinyl group at the 6-position.	2.39	2	0	piperazines; triamino-1,3,5-triazine	central nervous system stimulant
eterobarb [no description available]	2.13	1	0	barbiturates
nicergoline Nicergoline: An ergot derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. It may ameliorate cognitive deficits in CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS.	2.05	1	0	organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
oxcarbazepine Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy.	4.11	4	0	cyclic ketone; dibenzoazepine	anticonvulsant; drug allergen
carbidopa carbidopa (anhydrous) : 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used (commonly as its hydrate) in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.	3.9	3	0	catechols; hydrazines; monocarboxylic acid	antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
prednimustine Prednimustine: Ester of CHLORAMBUCIL and PREDNISOLONE used as a combination alkylating agent and synthetic steroid to treat various leukemias and other neoplasms. It causes gastrointestinal and bone marrow toxicity.	2.04	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
toloxatone toloxatone: oxazolidinone derivative; psychotropic drug; structure. toloxatone : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-toloxatone. It is a reversible monoamine oxidase A inhibitor and antidepressant.. 5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one substituted by a 3-methylphenyl group at position 3.	2.45	2	0	oxazolidinone; primary alcohol; toluenes
moricizine hydrochloride moricizine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained from equimola amounts of moricizine and hydrogen chloride.	2.77	3	0	hydrochloride	anti-arrhythmia drug
moricizine Moricizine: An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances.. moricizine : A phenothiazine substituted on the nitrogen by a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propanoyl group, and at position 2 by an (ethoxycarbonyl)amino group.	4.05	4	0	carbamate ester; morpholines; phenothiazines	anti-arrhythmia drug
amygdalin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	cyanogenic glycoside; disaccharide derivative; gentiobioside	plant metabolite
amineptin amineptin: used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure. amineptine : A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne.	4.42	6	0	amino acid; carbocyclic fatty acid; carbotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound	antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor
bitolterol bitolterol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bitolterol : The di-4-toluate ester of (+-)-N-tert-butylnoradrenaline (colterol). A pro-drug for colterol, a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist, bitolterol is used as its methanesulfonate salt for relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema.	2.02	1	0	carboxylic ester; diester; ethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; prodrug
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	6.18	24	0	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
feprazone Feprazone: A pyrazole that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It has been used in mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal and joint disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p15)	2.08	1	0	organic molecular entity
pirprofen pirprofen: anti-inflammatory agent used in therapy of rheumatoid arthritis; prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor; more potent than indomethacin; structure	4.26	5	0	pyrroline
medifoxamine medifoxamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2	1	0	aromatic ether
sisomicin Sisomicin: Antibiotic produced by Micromonospora inyoensis. It is closely related to gentamicin C1A, one of the components of the gentamicin complex (GENTAMICINS).	2.45	2	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic; beta-L-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative
serentil mesoridazine besylate : The benzenesulfonate salt of mesoridazine prepared using equimolar amounts of mesoridazine and benzenesulfonic acid.	2.46	2	0	organosulfonate salt	dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
amdinocillin Amdinocillin: An amidinopenicillanic acid derivative with broad spectrum antibacterial action.. mecillinam : A penicillin in which the 6beta substituent is [(azepan-1-yl)methylidene]amino; an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria.	2.04	1	0	penicillin	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.	3.73	10	0	amino cyclitol glycoside	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin
proroxan hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	5.68	14	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etomidate ethnor: an adsorbable haemostatic bone sealant	2.13	1	0	imidazoles
alinidine [no description available]	1.97	1	0
buspirone hydrochloride buspirone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of buspirone and hydrogen chloride.	2.47	2	0	hydrochloride	anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist
etoposide [no description available]	5.96	19	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p [no description available]	8.97	61	2	peptide	neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
propafenone hydrochloride propafenone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of propafenone. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.	2.98	4	0	hydrochloride	anti-arrhythmia drug
dobutamine Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.	8.13	25	1	catecholamine; secondary amine	beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
tertatolol tertatolol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	thiochromane
ticarcillin Ticarcillin: An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action.. ticarcillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[(2R)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino side-group.	2.96	4	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
trimazosin trimazosin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	4.28	3	0	N-arylpiperazine
etazolate hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
halofantrine halofantrine: used in treatment of mild to moderate acute malaria	2.05	1	0	phenanthrenes
imidazole-2-hydroxybenzoate imidazole-2-hydroxybenzoate: 2-hydroxybenzoic acid compounded with imidazole	1.97	1	0
butaclamol [no description available]	2.44	2	0	amino alcohol; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	dopaminergic antagonist
penbutolol Penbutolol: A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent.	4.25	5	0	ethanolamines
etidocaine Etidocaine: A local anesthetic with rapid onset and long action, similar to BUPIVACAINE.. etidocaine : An amino acid amide in which 2-[ethyl(propyl)amino]butanoic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. Used as a local anaesthetic (amide caine), it has rapid onset and long action properties, similar to bupivacaine, and is given by injection during surgical procedures and during labour and delivery.	2.04	1	0	amino acid amide	local anaesthetic
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	6.64	15	0	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
adinazolam adinazolam: structure in first source. adinazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a dimethylaminomethyl group at the 1-position, a phenyl group at the 6-position and a chloro substituent at the 8-position.	2.74	3	0	triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; sedative
amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.	4.08	4	0	alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.	7.39	2	0	butyrate ester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
tolamolol [no description available]	2.04	1	0
carbidopa [no description available]	2.97	4	0	catechols; hydrate; hydrazines; monocarboxylic acid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
cephradine Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.	11.23	10	1	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
hydroxymaprotilin hydroxymaprotilin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.05	1	0
ticrynafen Ticrynafen: A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.. tienilic acid : An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis.	5.91	7	1	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	antihypertensive agent; hepatotoxic agent; loop diuretic
guanadrel guanadrel: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. guanadrel : A spiroketal resulting from the formal condensation of the keto group of cyclohexanone with the hydroxy groups of 1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)guanidine. A postganglionic adrenergic blocking agent formerly used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the management of hypertension, it has been largely superseded by other drugs less likely to cause orthostatic hypotension (dizzy spells on standing up or stretching).	2.02	1	0	guanidines; spiroketal	adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent
methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	12.18	58	20	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent
pyridoxal phosphate [no description available]	2.6	1	0	pyridinecarbaldehyde
tocainide Tocainide: An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of SODIUM CHANNELS.. tocainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide in which 2,6-dimethylphenylaniline and isobutyric acid have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.	3.42	7	0	monocarboxylic acid amide	anti-arrhythmia drug; local anaesthetic; sodium channel blocker
sulbenicillin Sulbenicillin: Semisynthetic penicillin-type antibiotic.. sulbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-[phenyl(sulfo)acetamido] side-chain.	2.45	2	0	penicillin
bezafibrate [no description available]	8.66	9	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.	8.15	23	4
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	11.43	51	12	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
nimustine Nimustine: Antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors. The resistance which brain tumor cells acquire to the initial effectiveness of this drug can be partially overcome by the simultaneous use of membrane-modifying agents such as reserpine, calcium antagonists such as nicardipine or verapamil, or the calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine. The drug has also been used in combination with other antineoplastic agents or with radiotherapy for the treatment of various neoplasms.. nimustine : An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-ylmethyl] group. An antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors.	2.04	1	0	aminopyrimidine; N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
levobunolol Levobunolol: The L-Isomer of bunolol.. levobunolol : A cyclic ketone that is 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1-one substituted at position 5 by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group (the S-enantiomer). A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist used (as its hydrochloride salt) for treatment of glaucoma.	2.02	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclic ketone; propanolamine	antiglaucoma drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.	2.74	3	0	pyridinium ion	apoptosis inducer; herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; neurotoxin
nonachlazine Nonachlazine: Coronary vasodilator with a novel mechanism of action; proposed as antianginal agent.	3.49	2	0
lonidamine lonidamine: structure. lonidamine : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole that is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by 2,4-dichlorobenzyl and carboxy groups, respectively.	2.03	1	0	dichlorobenzene; indazoles; monocarboxylic acid	antineoplastic agent; antispermatogenic agent; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
vecuronium bromide Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.. vecuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.	2.73	3	0	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent; nicotinic antagonist
vecuronium vecuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.	3.23	1	0	acetate ester; androstane; quaternary ammonium ion	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent; nicotinic antagonist
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	5.8	87	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
dexibuprofen dexibuprofen: structure in first source	2.48	2	0	ibuprofen	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
benoxaprofen benoxaprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. benoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals.	4.43	6	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antipsoriatic; antipyretic; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; nephrotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; protein kinase C agonist
picobenzide [no description available]	2.13	1	0
permethrin hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141	2.96	4	0	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes	agrochemical; ectoparasiticide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide; scabicide
pinazepam pinazepam: structure	2.05	1	0	benzodiazepine
exifone [no description available]	3.59	2	0	benzophenones
quisqualic acid Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis.	2.03	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
pirfenidone pirfenidone : A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted at positions 1 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups respectively. An anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.	2.45	2	0	pyridone	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid [no description available]	3.61	2	0	chromanol; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger; Wnt signalling inhibitor
mefloquine (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.	3.61	2	0	[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol	antimalarial
oxfendazole [no description available]	2.07	1	0	benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; sulfoxide	antinematodal drug
desogestrel Desogestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED).	2.47	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
flecainide acetate flecainide acetate : An acetate salt obtained by combining flecainide with one molar equivalent of acetic acid. An antiarrhythmic agent used to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).	2.98	4	0	acetate salt	anti-arrhythmia drug
meptazinol Meptazinol: A narcotic antagonist with analgesic properties. It is used for the control of moderate to severe pain.	2.72	3	0	azepanes
nicardipine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.98	4	0	dihydropyridine	geroprotector
3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine T1023: radioprotective NO-Synthase Inhibitor	2.31	1	0
triadimenol triadimenol : A member of the class of triazoles that is 3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butane-1,2-diol substituted at position O1 by a 4-chlorophenyl group. A fungicide for cereals, beet and brassicas used to control a range of diseases including powdery mildew, rusts, bunts and smuts.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; conazole fungicide; hemiaminal ether; monochlorobenzenes; secondary alcohol; triazole fungicide	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; xenobiotic metabolite
muzolimine Muzolimine: A pyrazole diuretic with long duration and high capacity of action. It was proposed for kidney failure and hypertension but was withdrawn worldwide because of severe neurological effects.	4.62	3	2	dichlorobenzene
butibufen butibufen: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.45	2	0	monoterpenoid
nitazoxanide nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug	5.77	5	0	benzamides; carboxylic ester
sufentanil Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	4.25	5	0	anilide; ether; piperidines; thiophenes	anaesthesia adjuvant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
acarbose [no description available]	3.61	2	0	tetrasaccharide derivative	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
torsemide Torsemide: A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.. torasemide : An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure.	4.4	6	0	aminopyridine; N-sulfonylurea; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; loop diuretic
medroxalol medroxalol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.04	1	0	salicylamides
epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.	4.41	6	0	aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
spiromustine [no description available]	2.04	1	0
cefmetazole Cefmetazole: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.. cefmetazole : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl, {[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}amino and methoxy side-groups at positions 3, 7beta and 7alpha respectively of the parent cephem bicyclic structure.	2.72	3	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
desflurane Desflurane: A fluorinated ether that is used as a volatile anesthetic for maintenance of general anesthesia.	2.44	2	0	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
indacrinone indacrinone: polyvalent saluretic; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.46	2	0
prenalterol Prenalterol: A partial adrenergic agonist with functional beta 1-receptor specificity and inotropic effect. It is effective in the treatment of acute CARDIAC FAILURE, postmyocardial infarction low-output syndrome, SHOCK, and reducing ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION in the SHY-RAGER SYNDROME.	4.16	5	0	aromatic ether
diaziquone diaziquone: RN given refers to parent cpd. diaziquone : A 1,4-benzoquinone that is substituted at positions 2 and 5 have been replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups and at positions 3 and 6 by (ethoxycarbonyl)amino groups.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; aziridines; carbamate ester; enamine	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
enkephalin, methionine Enkephalin, Methionine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.	4.92	37	0
lorcainide [no description available]	3.14	5	0	acetamides
idarubicin Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.	4.53	7	0	anthracycline antibiotic; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative
ceforanide ceforanide: RN given refers to (6R-(trans))-isomer. ceforanide : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with {[1-(carboxymethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and 2-(aminomethyl)phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is effective against many coliforms, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus, and most strains of Salmonella, Shigella, Hemophilus, Citrobacter and Arizona species.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
cefonicid Cefonicid: A second-generation cephalosporin administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Its bactericidal action results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. It is used for urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and soft tissue and bone infections.. cefonicid : A cephalosporin bearing {[1-(sulfomethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and (R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	2.43	2	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
piperacillin Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	4.4	6	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.	5.09	13	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor
triciribine phosphate [no description available]	2.04	1	0
cefoperazone Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.	4.24	5	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
staurosporine [no description available]	2.75	3	0	indolocarbazole alkaloid; organic heterooctacyclic compound	apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; geroprotector
terazosin hydrochloride anhydrous [no description available]	2.47	2	0
foscarnet sodium trisodium phosphonoformate : The trisodium salt of phosphonoformic acid. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.	2.47	2	0	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antiviral drug
lodoxamide [no description available]	2.02	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
mezlocillin Kassinin: Dodecapeptide tachykinin found in the central nervous system of the amphibian Kassina senegalensis. It is similar in structure and action to other tachykinins, but is especially effective in contracting smooth muscle tissue and stimulating the micturition reflex.	2.37	2	0
oltipraz oltipraz : A 1,2-dithiole that is 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione substituted at positions 4 and 5 by methyl and pyrazin-2-yl groups respectively.	2.6	1	0	1,2-dithiole; pyrazines	angiogenesis modulating agent; antimutagen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; neurotoxin; protective agent; schistosomicide drug
atracurium Atracurium: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.. atracurium : A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.	4.07	4	0	diester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
atracurium besylate atracurium besylate : The bisbenzenesulfonate salt of atracurium.	2.08	1	0	organosulfonate salt; quaternary ammonium salt	muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
butoconazole nitrate butoconazole nitrate : An organic nitrate salt obtained by reaction of equimolar amounts of butaconazole and nitric acid. An antifungal agent, it is used in gynaecology for treatment of vulvovaginal infections caused by Candida species, particularly Candida albicans.	2.46	2	0	aryl sulfide; conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; organic nitrate salt
butoconazole butoconazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. butoconazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)sulfanyl]butyl group. An antifungal agent, it is used as its nitrate salt in gynaecology for treatment of vulvovaginal infections caused by Candida species, particularly Candida albicans.	2.02	1	0	aryl sulfide; conazole antifungal drug; dichlorobenzene; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes
moxalactam Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.	2.96	4	0	cephalosporin; oxacephem	antibacterial drug
nicorandil Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.	2.71	3	0	nitrate ester; pyridinecarboxamide	potassium channel opener; vasodilator agent
endralazine BQ 22-708: RN given refers to parent cpd	5.38	4	1	benzamides
naftifine naftifine: allylamine der; RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. naftifine : A tertiary amine in which the nitrogen is substituted by methyl, alpha-naphthylmethyl, and (1E)-cinnamyl groups. It is used (usually as its hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of fungal skin infections.	2.02	1	0	allylamine antifungal drug; naphthalenes; tertiary amine	EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
bw-755c 4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine: A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia.	2.41	2	0
pergolide Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.. pergolide : A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.	3.56	2	0	diamine; methyl sulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist
pergolide mesylate pergolide mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained from pergolide by mixing eqimolar amount of pergolide and methanesulfonic acid. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.	2.77	3	0	methanesulfonate salt	antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; geroprotector
ranitidine hydrochloride label : A role played by a part of a molecular entity distinguishable by the observer but not by the system and used to identify a tracer.	2.03	1	0
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	5.11	17	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
cefadroxil anhydrous Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	5.79	16	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
encainide Encainide: One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM.. encainide : 4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market.	3.28	6	0	benzamides; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug; sodium channel blocker
talniflumate talniflumate: an anti-inflammatory molecule for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma	2.08	1	0	benzofurans
fenoldopam mesylate [no description available]	2.08	1	0	benzazepine
cerm-1978 bepridil hydrochloride : The hydrochloride of bepridil.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride
nedocromil Nedocromil: A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including EOSINOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MACROPHAGES; MAST CELLS; MONOCYTES; AND PLATELETS.	2.44	2	0	dicarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fiacitabine fiacitabine: anti-herpes virus agent which also inhibits growth of certain human tumor cell lines in vitro.	2.6	1	0
fialuridine [no description available]	4.08	4	0
cefaclor anhydrous Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	5.05	7	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
bucindolol bucindolol: an indolyl-tert-butyl-phenoxypropanolamine benzonitrile derivative	2.04	1	0
pefloxacin Pefloxacin: A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.. pefloxacin : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.	3.15	5	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
mitoxantrone hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride	antineoplastic agent
alfentanil Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.	4.65	8	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	central nervous system depressant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
sulotroban sulotroban: thromboxane receptor antagonist	3.12	1	0
fomesafen fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.	9.47	62	6	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; phenols	agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
miglustat miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.	3.59	2	0	piperidines; tertiary amino compound	anti-HIV agent; EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor
swainsonine Swainsonine: An indolizidine alkaloid from the plant Swainsona canescens that is a potent alpha-mannosidase inhibitor. Swainsonine also exhibits antimetastatic, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activity.. swainsonine : An indolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant Swainsona canescens with three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 8.	7.41	2	0	indolizidine alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.2.1.114 (mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; plant metabolite
alo 2145 apraclonidine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of apraclonidine.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antiglaucoma drug
haloperidol decanoate [no description available]	3.23	1	0	organic molecular entity
dazoxiben hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
dazoxiben dazoxiben: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0
cefotetan Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.	4.65	8	0
recainam recainam: structure given in first source	3.3	6	0
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	6.79	18	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
flupirtine flupirtine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.97	4	0	aminopyridine
tolrestat tolrestat: RN & structure given in first source	4.09	4	0	naphthalenes	EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
rimcazole rimcazole: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source	4.04	2	0	carbazoles
dazmegrel [no description available]	1.98	1	0
enoximone Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.	6.64	12	5	aromatic ketone
stepronin [no description available]	2.48	2	0	N-acyl-amino acid
piritrexim piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.74	3	0
levocabastine levocabastine: for the temporary relief of the signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis	2.02	1	0	piperidines
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	8.73	20	3	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
idazoxan Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.	3.61	9	0	benzodioxine; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
remoxipride Remoxipride: An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia.	2.97	4	0	dimethoxybenzene
balsalazide balsalazide: a mesalamine 5-aminosalicylate prodrug; 99% of ingested drug remains intact through the stomach and is delivered to and activated in the colon; used for inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis and radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis but avoided in patients with known hypersensitivity reaction to salicylates or mesalamine; structure in first source. balsalazide : A monohydroxybenzoic acid consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) linked to 4-aminobenzoyl-beta-alanine via an azo bond.	3.23	1	0
pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.	8.93	24	5	3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic)	anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic
cabergoline Cabergoline: An ergoline derivative and dopamine D2-agonist that inhibits PROLACTIN secretion. It is used in the management of HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, and to suppress lactation following childbirth for medical reasons. Cabergoline is also used in the management of PARKINSON DISEASE.. cabergoline : An N-acylurea that is (8R)-ergoline-8-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is substituted by an allyl group and the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen are substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group and an N-ethylcarbamoyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, cabergoline is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and of disorders associated with hyperprolactinaemia.	3.85	3	0	N-acylurea	antineoplastic agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist
caracemide [no description available]	2.04	1	0
bambuterol bambuterol: selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase & acetylcholinesterase. bambuterol : A carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.	3.15	5	0	carbamate ester; phenylethanolamines	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; prodrug; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
atomoxetine hydrochloride Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.. atomoxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine.	2.47	2	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant
atomoxetine atomoxetine : A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents.	4.76	9	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound; toluenes	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
quinapril Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	13.26	58	15	dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
alpidem [no description available]	4.08	4	0	imidazoles
raloxifene hydrochloride Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
cicletanine [no description available]	2.89	4	0	organochlorine compound
gepirone gepirone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.	4.66	8	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive
piroximone piroximone: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
5-propynylarabinofuranosyluracil 5-propynylarabinofuranosyluracil: potent inhibitor of VZV	2.05	1	0
itraconazole Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.	7.54	2	0	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; N-arylpiperazine; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
pirmagrel pirmagrel: structure given in first source	3.77	2	1
quinpirole hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
dopexamine dopexamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	6.97	1	0	catecholamine
amifloxacin amifloxacin: structure in UD	2.02	1	0	quinolines
trospectomycin trospectomycin: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; RN refers to 2R-(2alpha,4abeta,5abeta,6beta,7beta,8beta,9beta,9alpha,9aalpha,10abeta)-(9CI)-isomer	2.04	1	0	dioxanes
imazodan imazodan: RN & structure given in first source;	2.03	1	0
cilazapril, anhydrous Cilazapril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors) used for hypertension. It is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed after absorption to its main metabolite cilazaprilat.. cilazapril : A pyridazinodiazepine resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of cilazaprilat with ethanol. It is a drug used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.	10.16	32	10	dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; pyridazinodiazepine	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
fosphenytoin fosphenytoin: structure given in first & second source	3.56	2	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
salmeterol xinafoate Salmeterol Xinafoate: A selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.	2.47	2	0	naphthoic acid
ranolazine Ranolazine: An acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS.. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. ranolazine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina.	3.94	3	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; monomethoxybenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; secondary alcohol
clentiazem clentiazem: structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
brequinar brequinar : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline substituted by 2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl, methyl, carboxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6, respectively. It is an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that is required for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The compound exhibits antineoplastic and antiviral properties.	2.6	1	0	biphenyls; monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; EC 1.3.5.2 [dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor
fura-2 Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.	2.38	2	0
finasteride Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.	4.52	7	0	3-oxo steroid; aza-steroid; delta-lactam	androgen antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
imiquimod Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.	2.58	2	0	imidazoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; interferon inducer
sematilide sematilide: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source	2.74	3	0
esmolol methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.	4.41	6	0	aromatic ether; ethanolamines; methyl ester; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
temafloxacin temafloxacin: structure given in first source. temafloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-temafloxacin. Both enantiomers both exhibit similar pharmacological profiles. Temafloxacin was briefly used (either as the free base or as the hydrochloride salt) as an antibacterial drug but was withdrawn worldwide in 1992 following reports of serious side effects, including severe hypoglycaemia, haemolytic anaemia, liver and kidney dysfunction, anaphylaxis, and death.. 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-6-fluoro-7-(3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 1, 6, and 7 by 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluorine, and 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.	2.46	2	0	amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound
clinafloxacin clinafloxacin: structure given in first source; RN given is for monoHCl	3.15	5	0	quinolines
sertindole sertindole : A phenylindole that is 1H-indole which is substituted on the nitrogen by a p-chlorophenyl group, at position 5 by chlorine, and at position 3 by a piperidin-4-yl group, which is itself substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)ethyl group.	2.08	1	0	heteroarylpiperidine; imidazolidinone; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; phenylindole	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
adapalene Adapalene: A naphthalene derivative that has specificity for RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS. It is used as a DERMATOLOGIC AGENT for the treatment of ACNE.. adapalene : A naphthoic acid that is CD437 in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been converted to its methyl ether.	2.45	2	0	adamantanes; monocarboxylic acid; naphthoic acid	dermatologic drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
adefovir adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	5.29	9	0	6-aminopurines; ether; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent
loxiglumide loxiglumide: cholecystokinin receptor antagonist; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; structure in first source	2.45	2	0	organic molecular entity
aromasil [no description available]	3.61	2	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sparfloxacin [no description available]	3.55	8	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone
zileuton [no description available]	4.87	10	0	1-benzothiophenes; ureas	anti-asthmatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tebufelone tebufelone: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
enalkiren [no description available]	4.29	4	1	peptide
clopidogrel Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.	3.85	3	0	methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
cidofovir anhydrous Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.	5.38	10	0	phosphonic acids; pyrimidone	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; photosensitizing agent
tiagabine Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.	4.26	5	0	beta-amino acid; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid; tertiary amino compound; thiophenes	anticonvulsant; GABA reuptake inhibitor
mibefradil dihydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
mibefradil Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.	3.29	6	0	tetralins	T-type calcium channel blocker
sch 37370 N-acetyldesloratadine: dual antagonist of platelet-activating factor and histamine	3.12	1	0
topotecan Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.	4.91	6	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
tenidap tenidap: structure given in first source; RN refers to (Z)-isomer	2.46	2	0
bromfenac bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure.	4.95	11	0	aromatic amino acid; benzophenones; organobromine compound; substituted aniline	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
celgosivir celgosivir: inhibits glycoprotein processing & the growth of HIVs	2.6	1	0
gemcitabine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.08	1	0	hydrochloride; organofluorine compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	4.27	5	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
ibutilide ibutilide: RN & structure in first source; RN refers to the fumarate salt	4.06	4	0	benzenes; organic amino compound
dup 532 DuP 532: angiotensin I receptor antagonist	2.9	4	0
technetium tc 99m mertiatide Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide: A technetium diagnostic aid used in renal function determination.	10.58	63	4
aripiprazole Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.	3.87	3	0	aromatic ether; delta-lactam; dichlorobenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone	drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic agonist
remifentanil Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.	4.06	4	0	alpha-amino acid ester; anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidinecarboxylate ester	intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; sedative
atorvastatin calcium anhydrous [no description available]	2.08	1	0	organic calcium salt
atorvastatin [no description available]	4.68	8	0	aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic)	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
lamivudine [no description available]	5.87	17	0	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol	allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
duloxetine hydrochloride Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration.	2.08	1	0	duloxetine hydrochloride	antidepressant
duloxetine [no description available]	4.36	3	0	duloxetine
irinotecan [no description available]	5.27	9	0	carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
aptiganel hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.	15.2	87	27	biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ibandronic acid Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.	3.86	3	0
ziprasidone ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.	5.05	7	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; indolones; organochlorine compound; piperazines	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
zanamivir Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.	3.17	5	0	guanidines	antiviral agent; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
zolmitriptan zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist. zolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.	4.26	5	0	oxazolidinone; tryptamines	anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
simendan Simendan: A hydrazone and pyridazine derivative; the levo-form is a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, calcium-sensitizing agent, and inotropic agent that is used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE.	8.37	1	1
adefovir dipivoxil bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	2.81	3	0	6-aminopurines; carbonate ester; ether; organic phosphonate	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent; prodrug
emtricitabine Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.	4.82	5	0	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidone	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
mifobate mifobate: has antiatherosclerotic properties	2.05	1	0	trialkyl phosphate
tasosartan tasosartan: angiotensin II antagonist; structure given in first source	4.28	5	0	biphenyls
saquinavir monomethanesulfonate [no description available]	2.46	2	0	organic molecular entity
tiludronic acid tiludronic acid: a bone resorption inhibitor; an antihypercalcemic agent; used in the tratment of Paget's disease; used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis; structure given in first source	3.56	2	0	organochlorine compound
tirofiban Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.	4.6	4	0	L-tyrosine derivative; piperidines; sulfonamide	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
capecitabine Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.	3.59	2	0	carbamate ester; cytidines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	7.74	20	1	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
phenelzine sulfate [no description available]	2.03	1	0	organic molecular entity
2,5-bis(1-aziridinyl)-3,6-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-4-benzoquinone 2,5-bis(1-aziridinyl)-3,6-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-4-benzoquinone: structure	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones
octyl gallate [no description available]	2.48	2	0	gallate ester	food antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
allyl formate [no description available]	2.46	2	0
gadolinium chloride gadolinium chloride: a macrophage inhibitor; reduces pulmonary injury and inflammatory mediator production induced by inhaled ozone	2.41	2	0	gadolinium coordination entity	TRP channel blocker
vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.	2.03	1	0	trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion	EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
tobramycin sulfate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
thiolactic acid thiolactic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.06	1	0	mercaptopropanoic acid
benzylaminopurine benzylaminopurine: a plant growth regulator. N-benzyladenine : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a benzyl group.	2.13	1	0	6-aminopurines	cytokinin; plant metabolite
morzid morzid: structure	2.04	1	0	morpholines
potassium phosphate potassium phosphate: used in dental materials and to treat hypophosphatemia; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF. tripotassium phosphate : An inorganic potassium salt that is the tripotassium salt of phosphoric acid.	3.37	1	1	inorganic phosphate salt; inorganic potassium salt
fluoxetine hydrochloride fluoxetine hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine hydrochloride. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.	2.47	2	0	hydrochloride; N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine
paroxetine hydrochloride paroxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of paroxetine. It is an antidepressant drug.	2.08	1	0	hydrochloride	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor
desferrioxamine b mesylate desferrioxamine B mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained by reaction of desferrioxamine B with one molar equivalent of methanesulfonic acid. It is an iron-chelating medicine used to remove excess iron from the body. It binds to iron in the blood, which is then passed out in the urine.	2.46	2	0	methanesulfonate salt	antidote; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator
propranolol hydrochloride Inderex: combination of above cpds; used in treatment of hypertension	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride
bupropion hydrochloride [no description available]	2.97	4	0	aromatic ketone
cisatracurium cisatracurium: RN refers to (1R-(1alpha,2alpha(1'R,2'R)))-isomer. cisatracurium : A diester that is the (1R,1'R,2R,2'R)-diastereoisomer of atracurium, a quaternary ammonium ion consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxy functions bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups. The active species in the skeletal muscle relaxant cisatracurium besylate.	2.04	1	0	diester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
halofuginone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	quinazolines
diltiazem hydrochloride Carex: fluoride (1.8%) containing varnish; no further information available 8/91. diltiazem hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of diltiazem and hydrogen chloride. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	2.76	3	0	hydrochloride	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.	3.16	5	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
hydrochlorothiazide-triamterene hydrochlorothiazide-triamterene: Russian drug; saluretic containing above 2 cpds; do not confuse with Triampur synonym for triamterene; Dyazide & Maxzide have different proportions	4.83	4	2
fosinoprilat fosinoprilat: active phosphinic acid metabolite of prodrug fosenopril, which is activated by esterases in vivo; structure given in first source; binds zinc with phosphinic acid group. fosinoprilat : A phosphinic acid-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. An inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), it is used as the phosphinate ester pro-drug fosinopril for treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure.	3.59	9	0	L-proline derivative; phosphinic acids	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
ortho-cept ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel combination: Ethinyl Estradiol and Desogestrell given in fixed proportions; has proved to be an effective & well-tolerated oral contraceptive, which improves cycle control & has a beneficial effect on acne	2.05	1	0
trovafloxacin trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure.	4.95	11	0
verapamil hydrochloride verapamil hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil hydrochloride and (S)-verapamil hydrochloride.	2.98	4	0
cefprozil [no description available]	4.06	4	0	cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
doxazosin mesylate Cardura: Trade name in United States.	2.77	3	0	methanesulfonate salt	geroprotector
ciprofloxacin hydrochloride anhydrous [no description available]	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
terfenadine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	diarylmethane
methylprednisolone aceponate methylprednisolone aceponate: RN given for (6alpha,11beta)-isomer	2.02	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
dexamethasone 17-valerate dexamethasone 17-valerate: RN given refers to (11beta,16alpha)-isomer; structure	2.02	1	0	21-hydroxy steroid
dexamethasone dipropionate [no description available]	2.02	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
febrifugine febrifugine: antimalarials; structure	2.04	1	0	quinazolines
efavirenz efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	5.2	8	0	acetylenic compound; benzoxazine; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.	10.88	9	0	aryl sulfide; benzamides; organic heterobicyclic compound; phenols; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; HIV protease inhibitor
amantadine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.98	4	0	hydrochloride	antiviral agent; dopamine agonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
doxapram hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydrochloride	central nervous system stimulant
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	3.1	5	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
mevastatin mevastatin: antifungal metabolite from Penicillium brevicopactum; potent inhibitory activity to sterol synthesis; structure. mevastatin : A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals.	2.46	2	0	2-pyranones; carboxylic ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	antifungal agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; Penicillium metabolite
bupivacaine hydrochloride bupivacaine hydrochloride (anhydrous) : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine hydrochloride and levobupivacaine hydrochloride. The monohydrate form is commonly used as a local anaesthetic.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.	2.08	1	0	hydrochloride; racemate	adrenergic antagonist; amphiphile; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; local anaesthetic
cilazaprilat cilazaprilat: InChIKey: UVAUYSRYXACKSC-ULQDDVLXSA-N	2.4	2	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
terlakiren terlakiren: RN given for (R-(R,S))-isomer	2.68	3	0	peptide
chloroquine diphosphate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
fenofibric acid fenofibric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylpropanoic acid substituted by a 4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug fenofibrate.	3.23	1	0	aromatic ketone; chlorobenzophenone; monocarboxylic acid	drug metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite
2',7'-dichlorofluorescein 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.01	1	0	2-benzofurans	fluorochrome
ursolic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
propamidine propamidine: structure given in first source. propamidine : A polyether that is the bis(4-guanidinophenyl) ether of propane-1,3-diol. Used (as its isethionate salt) for the treatment of minor eye or eyelid infections, such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; guanidines; polyether	antimicrobial agent; antiseptic drug
n-methylnicotinamide N-methylnicotinamide: structure. N-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the amide hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.	2.74	3	0	pyridinecarboxamide	metabolite
1,5-anhydroglucitol 1,5-anhydroglucitol: structure. 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol : An anhydro sugar of D-glucitol.	2.05	1	0	anhydro sugar	human metabolite
norharman norharman: RN given refers to parent cpd. beta-carboline : The parent compound of the beta-carbolines, a tricyclic structure comprising an indole ring system ortho- fused to C-3 and C-4 of a pyridine ring.	2.13	1	0	beta-carbolines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent	fungal metabolite; marine metabolite
3-methylhistidine 3-methylhistidine: marker for myofibrillar-protein breakdown; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. 3-methylhistidine : A methylhistidine in which the methyl group is located at N-3.. N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine : A L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine substituted by a methyl group at position 3 on the imidazole ring.	6.97	1	0	L-histidine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; zwitterion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone: structure given in first source	2.38	2	0	18-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid
betulinic acid [no description available]	2.54	2	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite
arctigenin arctigenin: precursor to catechols; in many plants	2.6	1	0	lignan
baicalin [no description available]	4.14	4	0	dihydroxyflavone; glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antiatherosclerotic agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite; prodrug
plerixafor plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.	3.95	3	0	azacycloalkane; azamacrocycle; benzenes; crown amine; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist; immunological adjuvant
amprenavir [no description available]	4.94	6	0	carbamate ester; sulfonamide; tetrahydrofuryl ester	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
oseltamivir Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.	4.15	4	0	acetamides; amino acid ester; cyclohexenecarboxylate ester; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; prodrug; xenobiotic
allicin [no description available]	7.95	4	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; sulfoxide	antibacterial agent
thymine arabinoside thymine arabinoside: selectively inhibits replication of herpes simplex virus	2.04	1	0	N-glycosyl compound
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	4.18	4	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
psicofuranine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	psicose derivative; purine nucleoside
10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium 10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium: chemoluminescent probe; RN given refers to dinitrate; Lucigenin refers to dinitrate	1.98	1	0
1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose pentagalloylglucose: pentahydroxy gallic acid ester of glucose; a phytogenic antineoplastic agent and antibacterial agent. 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose : A galloyl-beta-D-glucose compound having five galloyl groups in the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.6	1	0	gallate ester; galloyl beta-D-glucose	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite; radiation protective agent; radical scavenger
cephalotaxine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; cyclic acetal; enol ether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
dobutamine hydrochloride dobutamine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dobutamine. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.	2.74	3	0	hydrochloride	beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
desipramine hydrochloride desipramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of desipramine.	2.81	3	0	hydrochloride	drug allergen
mefloquine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.6	1	0	hydrochloride
ticlopidine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.51	2	0	hydrochloride
dopamine hydrochloride P 498: structure in first source; do not confuse with dopamine chloride, also known as P 498	2.47	2	0	catecholamine
proadifen hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
epirubicin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.08	1	0
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid: spelled pyrolidine in J Nutr 1979 reference; RN given refers to parent cpd. pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is the N-dithiocarboxy derivative of pyrrolidine.	2.02	1	0	dithiocarbamic acids; pyrrolidines	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; NF-kappaB inhibitor; radical scavenger
glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.	3.52	8	0	glutathione derivative; organic disulfide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
triciribine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	nucleoside analogue	EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine 4-nitrobenzylthioinosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport; acts on ENT1	2.03	1	0	purine nucleoside
sinefungin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	adenosines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
iopamidol Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.	2.96	4	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound; pentol	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
sulconazole, mononitrate, (+-)-isomer [no description available]	2.77	3	0	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; organic nitrate salt
5-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine [no description available]	2.04	1	0
histamine phosphate histamine phosphate : A phosphate salt that is the diphosphate salt of histamine.	3.23	1	0	phosphate salt	histamine agonist
4-aminomethylbenzoic acid [no description available]	1.97	1	0	benzoic acids
cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.	4.19	5	0	cephalosporin	fungal metabolite
acetylcholine bromide acetylcholine bromide : The bromide salt of acetylcholine.	2.13	1	0	bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt
imipramine n-oxide imipramine N-oxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	dibenzooxazepine
tilbroquinol [no description available]	3.59	2	0	organohalogen compound; quinolines
bendamustine [no description available]	3.86	3	0	benzimidazoles
erdosteine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
ritipenem ritipenem: carbapenem antibiotic; structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
aloxistatin aloxistatin: a membrane-permeable cysteine protease inhibitor. aloxistatin : An L-leucine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3S)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)oxirane-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of N-(3-methylbutyl)-L-leucinamide.	2.63	2	0	epoxide; ethyl ester; L-leucine derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide	anticoronaviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor
droxicam droxicam: structure given in first source. droxicam : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2H,5H-[1,3]oxazino[5,6-c][1,2]benzothiazine-2,4(3H)-dione 6,6-dioxide substituted at positions 3 and 5 by pyridin-2-yl and methyl groups respectively. A prodrug of piroxicam, it is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.	3.87	3	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; pyridines	cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prodrug
zabiciprilat zabiciprilat: potentiates bradykinin relaxation in isolated porcine resistance artery	1.98	1	0
trofosfamide trofosfamide: cyclophosphamide analog; structure	2.04	1	0	ifosfamides
propazole propazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.6	1	0	benzimidazoles
metrifudil [no description available]	2.03	1	0
rutecarpine rutacarpine: from Evodia rutaecarpa; an ingredient in zhuyu hewei zhitong capsules	2.03	1	0	beta-carbolines
4-aminobenzoic acid-n-xyloside 4-aminobenzoic acid-N-xyloside: K 247 refers to Na salt; RN given refers to (D)-isomer	2.04	1	0
tryptamide tryptamide: structure given in first source	2.13	1	0
etofibrate etofibrate: analog of clofibrate with nicotinic acid substituted on the 2-carbon of the ethyl ester group; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid
fotrin fotrin: ethyleneamine derivative; antineoplastic; Russian drug; structure	2.04	1	0
sufosfamide sufosfamide: stronger immunosuppressive activity than cyclophosphamide; structure	2.04	1	0
sertaconazole sertaconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-sertaconazole. A broad spectrum antifungal with added antipruritic and anti-inflammatory activity used (as its nitrate salt) for treatment of various skin infections.. 1-{2-[(7-chloro-1-benzothiophen-3-yl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that carries a 2-[(7-chloro-1-benzothiophen-3-yl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group at position 1.	2.07	1	0	1-benzothiophenes; dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles
flomoxef flomoxef: structure given in first source; RN given refers to sodium salt. flomoxef : A second-generation oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted at C-3 with a hydroxyethyl-substituted tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries 7alpha-methoxy and 7beta-{2-[(difluoromethyl)thiomethyl]acetamido} substituents.	2.02	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; oxacephem	antibacterial drug
ebrotidine ebrotidine: an H2-receptor antagonist and gastric mucosa protector	3.59	2	0	sulfonamide
web 2086 WEB 2086: structure given in first source; PAF antagonist	2	1	0	organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound
mizolastine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzimidazoles
dexloxiglumide dexloxiglumide: a CCK receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.74	3	0	glutamic acid derivative
goralatide goralatide: from fetal calf bone marrow; exerts a high inhibitory activity on the proliferation of hematopoietic pluripotent stem cells. goralatide : A tetrapeptide that is Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro in which the N-terminal amino group carries an acetyl group. It is selective inhibitor of primitive haematopoietic cell proliferation and exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and pro-angiogenic properties.	6.77	22	3	oligopeptide; tetrapeptide	anti-inflammatory agent; pro-angiogenic agent
prulifloxacin prulifloxacin: structure given in first source	2.6	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic
intoplicine intoplicine: structure in first source	2.45	2	0	pyridoindole
pazufloxacin [no description available]	2.08	1	0	quinolines
idrapril idrapril: structure given in first source	9.29	4	1
repaglinide [no description available]	5.17	8	0	piperidines
telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.	8.77	32	3	benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
inogatran inogatran: a direct low molecular weight thrombin inhibitor	3.51	2	0
trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride [no description available]	2.47	2	0	aralkylamine
oxyphencyclimine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	pyrimidines
thioridazine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.47	2	0	hydrochloride	first generation antipsychotic; geroprotector
diphenylpyraline hydrochloride diphenylpyraline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenylpyraline. A sedating antihistamine, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and hay fever, and in pruritic skin disorders.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist
bergenin bergenin: RN refers to (2R-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha,4aalpha,10bbeta))-isomer; structure	2.6	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	metabolite
procainamide hydrochloride procainamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride which has procainamide as the amino component.	2.47	2	0	hydrochloride	anti-arrhythmia drug
siquil [no description available]	2.47	2	0	hydrochloride	anticoronaviral agent
mepivacaine hydrochloride mepivacaine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of mepivacaine. It is used as a local anaesthetic.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride; piperidinecarboxamide	local anaesthetic
trimethylsilanol [no description available]	3.27	1	0
silver bromide [no description available]	2.08	1	0
sotalol hydrochloride sotalol hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is the monohydrochloride of sotalol. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist
oxymetazoline hydrochloride oxymetazoline hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar quantities of oxymetazoline and hydrogen chloride. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with marked alpha-adrenergic activity, it is a vasoconstrictor that is used to relieve nasal congestion.	2.47	2	0	hydrochloride	alpha-adrenergic agonist; nasal decongestant; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
propatyl nitrate propatyl nitrate: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	nitrate ester
dexfenfluramine Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects.	3.14	5	0	fenfluramine	appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
diphenidol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	diarylmethane
alprenolol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.47	2	0	hydrochloride
xenon radioisotopes Xenon Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of xenon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Xe atoms with atomic weights 121-123, 125, 127, 133, 135, 137-145 are radioactive xenon isotopes.	3.22	6	0
edoxudin [no description available]	2.13	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside
2-methoxyestradiol 2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.	2.97	4	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	angiogenesis modulating agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
6-ketoestradiol [no description available]	2.13	1	0
17 beta-estradiol hemisuccinate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
amizyl [no description available]	2.13	1	0
salicylhydroxamic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0	hydroxamic acid; phenols	antibacterial drug; EC 1.11.2.2 (myeloperoxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor; trypanocidal drug
benzeneboronic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	boronic acids
sulfamidochrysoidine sulfamidochrysoidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. prontosil : A diphenyldiazene compound having two amino substituents at the 2- and 4-positions and an aminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position. It was the first antibacterial drug, (introduced 1935) and the first of the sulfonamide antibiotics.	2.04	1	0
synthalin a synthalin A: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. synthalin : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of decamethylenediguanidine with 2 mol eq. of hydrogen chloride.. synthalin A : A member of the class of guanidines that is decane having guanidino groups at the 1- and 10-positions.	2.05	1	0	guanidines	hepatotoxic agent; hypoglycemic agent; nephrotoxin
ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate: RN given refers to the (17alpha)-isomer	2.04	1	0
fluphenazine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	phenothiazines	anticoronaviral agent
1,7-phenanthroline [no description available]	4.06	15	0	phenanthroline
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	2.44	2	0	1,2,3-triazole
tryptamine monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
cystine L-cystine : The L-enantiomer of the sulfur-containing amino acid cystine.	2.06	1	0	cystine zwitterion; cystine; L-cysteine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.2.1.11 (aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0
tangeretin tangeretin: structure given in first source; from citrus plants; inhibits invasion of MO4 mouse cells into embryonic chick heart in vitro. tangeretin : A pentamethoxyflavone flavone with methoxy groups at positions 4', 5, 6 , 7 and 8.. pentamethoxyflavone : A methoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by a five methoxy groups.	7.41	2	0	pentamethoxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
isocoumarins Isocoumarins: Compounds that differ from COUMARINS in having the positions of the ring and ketone oxygens reversed so the keto oxygen is at the 1-position of the molecule.. isocoumarin : The simplest member of the class of isocoumarins that is 1H-isochromene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 1.	1.99	1	0	isocoumarins
delphinidin Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart.	2.4	2	0	anthocyanidin chloride
dyclonine hydrochloride dyclonine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dyclonine.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	topical anaesthetic
trimethobenzamide monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0
clomipramine hydrochloride clomipramine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of clomipramine and hydrogen chloride. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.	2.47	2	0	hydrochloride	anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug
amiloride hydrochloride amiloride hydrochloride dihydrate : A hydrate that is the dihydrate of amiloride hydrochloride.	2.74	3	0	hydrate	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
prazosin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.47	2	0	hydrochloride
mianserin hydrochloride mianserin hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of mianserin, a tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects.	2.47	2	0	hydrochloride	geroprotector
miconazole nitrate miconazole nitrate : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole nitrate. An antifungal used for the treatment of athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.	2.51	2	0
ibopamine ibopamine: structure given in UD 31;67a & in 2nd source	6.88	13	6	benzoate ester; phenols
ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate: binds to albumin at 2 sites	2.04	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; steroid sulfate	antineoplastic agent; estrogen
econazole nitrate econazole nitrate : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole nitrate. Used to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.	2.77	3	0
medetomidine Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.	2.05	1	0	imidazoles
fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)	2.13	1	0	2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
sertraline Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.	10.37	10	0	dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins	antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor
lomefloxacin hydrochloride lomefloxacin hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of lomefloxacin. It is administered by mouth to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used topically as eye drops for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis, and as ear drops for the treatment of otitis externa and otitis media.	2.74	3	0	hydrochloride	antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; photosensitizing agent
fenspiride hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
nilverm [no description available]	2.03	1	0	organic molecular entity
sanguinarine chloride [no description available]	2.44	2	0
picosulfate sodium picosulfate sodium: contains two active ingredients, sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate, which are both laxatives; structure	2.05	1	0	aryl sulfate; pyridines
cefcanel cefcanel: RN given refers to (6R-(6 alpha,7 beta(R*)))-isomer; structure	2.45	2	0
pumitepa pumitepa: structure; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	2.04	1	0
arbekacin arbekacin: structure given in first source. arbekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B bearing an N-(2S)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group on the aminocyclitol ring.	2.06	1	0	aminoglycoside; kanamycins	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
rilmenidine Rilmenidine: Oxazole derivative that acts as an agonist for ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION.	5.94	7	4	isourea
ropinirole hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	indoles
zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.	4.44	6	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles	bone density conservation agent
epristeride epristeride: structure given in first source	2.74	3	0	steroid acid
talinolol [no description available]	2.94	4	0	ureas
pirlindole pirlindole: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym pyrazidol refers to mono-HCl; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #2812	2.05	1	0	carbazoles
elmustine elmustine: structure	2.04	1	0
artemisinin (+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	2.86	3	0	organic peroxide; sesquiterpene lactone	antimalarial; plant metabolite
plasmenylserine plasmenylserine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. O-phospho-L-serine : The L-enantiomer of O-phosphoserine.. O-phosphoserine : A serine derivative that is serine substituted at the oxygen atom by a phosphono group.	2.03	1	0	O-phosphoserine	EC 1.4.7.1 [glutamate synthase (ferredoxin)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.49 (O-acetylhomoserine aminocarboxypropyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
brinzolamide brinzolamide: an antiglaucoma agent	2.58	2	0	sulfonamide; thienothiazine	antiglaucoma drug; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
dienogest [no description available]	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; aliphatic nitrile; steroid hormone	progesterone receptor agonist; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
flunoxaprofen flunoxaprofen: structure given in first source. flunoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group (the S-enantiomer). Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, the clinical use of flunoxaprofen was discontinued due to possible hepatotoxic side-effects.	2.46	2	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound	antirheumatic drug; hepatotoxic agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; protein kinase C agonist
tianeptine tianeptine: structure given in first source. tianeptine : A racemate comprising of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tianeptine. It is an atypical antidepressant used in Europe to treat patients who respond poorly to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).. 7-[(3-chloro-6-methyl-5,5-dioxido-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepin-11-yl)amino]heptanoic acid : A member of the class of dibenzothiazepines that is 3-chloro-6-methyl-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepine 5,5-dioxide substituted by a (6-carboxyhexyl)amino group at position 11.. (S)-tianeptine : The S-enantiomer of tianeptine.	2.46	2	0	dibenzothiazepine; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound
drospirenone drospirenone: a progestational compound with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity; structure given in first source	2.08	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; steroid lactone	aldosterone antagonist; contraceptive drug; progestin
forphenicinol [no description available]	2.04	1	0
artemether Artemether: An artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA.. artemether : An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	2.47	2	0	artemisinin derivative; cyclic acetal; organic peroxide; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid	antimalarial
dihydroxydiphenyl-pyridyl methane [no description available]	1.97	1	0
2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde [no description available]	2.13	1	0
5-aminovaleric acid hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
morphazinamide morphazinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; RN in Chemline for mono-HCL: 1473-73-0; structure in Merck Index	2.05	1	0	morpholines; pyrazines; secondary carboxamide
n-acetyltryptamine N-acetyltryptamine: antagonizes the melatonin-induced inhibition of dopamine release from retina; RN given refers to parent cpd. N-acetyltryptamine : A tryptamine compound having an acetyl substituent attached to the side-chain amino function.	2.03	1	0	acetamides; indoles
tyrosyltyrosine tyrosyltyrosine: RN given refers to all-(L)-isomer. tyrosyltyrosine : A dipeptide comprising tyrosine with a tyrosyl residue attached to the alpha-nitrogen.. Tyr-Tyr : Tyrosyltyrosine in which each tyrosine residue has L-configuration.	1.96	1	0	tyrosyltyrosine	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
dansylglycine [no description available]	2	1	0
bromopyruvate 3-bromopyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pyruvic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine. Synthetic brominated derivative and structural analog of pyruvic acid. Highly reactive alkylating agent. Anti-cancer drug	3.41	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; organobromine compound; oxo carboxylic acid	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
D-serine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	D-alpha-amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
dipropylacetamide dipropylacetamide: structure. valpromide : A fatty amide derived from valproic acid.	2.52	2	0	fatty amide	geroprotector; metabolite; teratogenic agent
denaverine denaverine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0	diarylmethane
pafenolol pafenolol: structure given in first source	2.46	2	0
acamprosate Acamprosate: Structural analog of taurine that is used for the prevention of relapse in individuals with ALCOHOLISM.. acamprosate : An organosulfonic acid that is propane-1-sulfonic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3.	3.59	2	0	acetamides; organosulfonic acid	environmental contaminant; neurotransmitter agent; xenobiotic
isaxonine isaxonine: promotes nerve growth	3.59	2	0	aminopyrimidine
dihydroergotamine mesylate dihydroergotamine mesylate : The methanesulfonic acid salt of dihydroergotamine, a semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine. Both the mesylate and the tartrate salts are used for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.	2.03	1	0	methanesulfonate salt	non-narcotic analgesic; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
oxprenolol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.6	1	0
n-methylscopolamine N-Methylscopolamine: A muscarinic antagonist used to study binding characteristics of muscarinic cholinergic receptors.	2.38	2	0
enrofloxacin Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets.	2.13	1	0	cyclopropanes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
cromakalim Cromakalim: A potassium-channel opening vasodilator that has been investigated in the management of hypertension. It has also been tried in patients with asthma. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p352)	2.42	2	0
6-amino-1-hydroxyhexane-1,1-diphosphonate 6-amino-1-hydroxyhexane-1,1-diphosphonate: used for therapy of Paget's disease of bone & malignant hypercalcaemia	2.05	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)
rentiapril rentiapril: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	4.21	18	0
diprafenone diprafenone: structure given in first source	2.72	3	0	aromatic compound
erythromycin propionate erythromycin propionate: form in which erythromycin estolate is principally absorbed	2.02	1	0	erythromycin derivative
ranolazine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
nebivolol 2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] : A member of the class of chromanes that is 2,2'-iminodiethanol in which one hydrogen attached to each hydroxy-bearing carbon is replaced by a 6-fluorochroman-2-yl group.	3.58	2	0	chromanes; diol; organofluorine compound; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
libenzapril libenzapril: structure given in first source	1.96	1	0	dipeptide
uk 68798 [no description available]	4.54	7	0	aromatic ether; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; potassium channel blocker
ljc 10627 biapenem: structure given in first source. biapenem : A carbapenem antibiotic in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolium-6-ylthio substituents respectively.	2.73	3	0	carbapenems; organic sulfide; pyrazolotriazole	antibacterial drug
hp 873 iloperidone: an atypical, negative symptom antipsychotic agent. iloperidone : A member of the class of piperidines that is the 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenyl ether of 3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol which is substituted at position 4 of the piperidine ring by a 6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl group. A member of the group of second generation antipsychotics (also known as an atypical antipsychotics), it is used for the treatment of schizophrenia.	3.61	2	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; methyl ketone; monoamine; organofluorine compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	dopaminergic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
dexrazoxane Dexrazoxane: The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane.	4.25	5	0	razoxane	antineoplastic agent; cardiovascular drug; chelator; immunosuppressive agent
clobetasone butyrate [no description available]	2.13	1	0	organic molecular entity
masoprocol Masoprocol: A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils.. masoprocol : The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase.	2.67	3	0	nordihydroguaiaretic acid	antineoplastic agent; hypoglycemic agent; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite
loxapine succinate [no description available]	2.77	3	0	succinate salt	geroprotector
guanfacine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.47	2	0	acetamides	geroprotector
pirenzepine dihydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride
labetalol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.47	2	0	salicylamides
diflorasone diacetate diflorasone diacetate : The 17,21-diacetate derivative of diflorasone. It is used topically for its anti-inflammatory and antipruritic properties in the treatment of various skin disorders.	2.13	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; acetate ester; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid	anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug
acecainide hydrochloride [no description available]	2.47	2	0
loperamide hydrochloride loperamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining loperamide with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.	2.98	4	0	hydrochloride	anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist
fenoxypropazine [no description available]	3.59	2	0	aromatic ether
antebate betamethasone butyrate propionate: a topical corticosteroid	2.02	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
maprotiline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.47	2	0	anthracenes
protoporphyrin ix, disodium salt [no description available]	2.03	1	0
opipramol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.6	1	0
hydroxyzine dihydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
voriconazole Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.	4.08	4	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	P450 inhibitor
inproquone inproquone: major descriptor (78-80); replaced major descriptor Bayer E39 (63-77); on-line search AZIRINES (66-80); Index Medicus search Bayer E39 (63-77), INPROQUONE (78-80)	2.04	1	0
betamipron [no description available]	2.97	4	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
moroxydine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	biguanides
rexigen clobenzorex: RN given refers to (+)-isomer; structure	2.05	1	0
clobuzarit [no description available]	2.37	2	0	biphenyls; organochlorine compound
bufuralol bufuralol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	3.14	5	0	benzofurans
prifelone prifelone: structure given in first source	3.12	1	0	aromatic ketone
uroxatral [no description available]	2.08	1	0	hydrochloride
aceclofenac [no description available]	3.87	3	0	amino acid; carboxylic ester; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
secnidazole [no description available]	2.13	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; secondary alcohol	epitope
clociguanil clociguanil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.05	1	0
nitrefazole [no description available]	3.59	2	0	imidazoles
indenolol indenolol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure	3.36	1	1
tebuquine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
alacepril [no description available]	9.66	68	8	dipeptide; thioacetate ester	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
nipradilol [no description available]	1.99	1	0	organic molecular entity
epanolol epanolol: structure given in first source	2	1	0	acetamides
panipenem panipenem: synthetic cpd; structure given in first source	2.44	2	0	organic molecular entity
perindoprilat perindoprilat : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of N-[(1S)-1-carboxyethyl]-L-norvaline with the amino group of (2S,3aS,7aS)-octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid. The major active metabolite of perindopril.	10.45	8	2	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide; L-alanine derivative; organic heterobicyclic compound	antihypertensive agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cyclobutyrol cyclobutyrol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclobutyrol : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid in which the hydroxy group is geminal to a 1-carboxypropyl group on a cyclohexane ring.	2.05	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	bile therapy drug
thiocolchicoside [no description available]	2.08	1	0	glycoside
terlipressin terlivaz: first FDA approved injection to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) with rapid reduction in kidney function.	2.05	1	0	polypeptide
siguazodan [no description available]	2.03	1	0	pyridazinone
thioxolone tioxolone : A 1,3-benzoxathiole having a hydroxy substituent at the 6-position.	2.6	1	0	benzoxathiole	antiseborrheic
tolmesoxide tolmesoxide: structure	2.05	1	0
ubenimex ubenimex: growth inhibitor	6.37	53	0
3-octadecanamido-2-ethoxypropylphosphocholine 3-octadecanamido-2-ethoxypropylphosphocholine: anti-HIV agent; RN & structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
7-hydroxystaurosporine [no description available]	2.04	1	0
methotrimeprazine Methotrimeprazine: A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methotrimeprazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.	2.72	3	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; cholinergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist
magnolol [no description available]	3.41	1	0	biphenyls
honokiol [no description available]	2.6	1	0	biphenyls
isoflavone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	isoflavones
chelerythrine chloride [no description available]	2.44	2	0
clevudine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
nobiletin nobiletin : A methoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 8, 3' and 4' respectively.	7.73	3	0	methoxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
lycorine lycorine: from bulbs of LYCORIS & other plants; RN given refers to (1 alpha,2 beta)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5444. lycorine : An indolizidine alkaloid that is 3,12-didehydrogalanthan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions and 2 and a methylenedioxy group across positions 9 and 10. Isolated from Crinum asiaticum, it has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activity.	2.6	1	0	indolizidine alkaloid	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
9-aminocamptothecin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline
leupeptin [no description available]	3.25	6	0	aldehyde; tripeptide	bacterial metabolite; calpain inhibitor; cathepsin B inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.4 (trypsin) inhibitor; serine protease inhibitor
sch 34343 Sch 34343: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (5R-(5alpha,6alpha))-isomer	2.73	3	0
grepafloxacin grepafloxacin: structure in first source	2.46	2	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolines; quinolone antibiotic
squalamine squalamine: from dogfish shark Squalus acanthias; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	bile acid
neplanocin a neplanocin A: neplanocins are antitumor antibiotics & carbocyclic analogs of purine nucleosides from Ampullarilla regularis A11079; see also neplanocin B, neplanocin C, neplanocin D & neplanocin F; structure in first source; a potent inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase	2.04	1	0
palinavir [no description available]	3.1	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
tetrandrine tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity	2.72	3	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone [no description available]	2.03	1	0
doripenem Doripenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS.	3.9	3	0	carbapenems
5-(n-methyl-n-isobutyl)amiloride 5-(N-methyl-N-isobutyl)amiloride: inhibitor of the Na+-H+ antiporter	2.03	1	0
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from anileridine and two molar equivalents of hydrogen chloride.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
amperozide hydrochloride amperozide hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of amperozide.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	anxiolytic drug; dopamine uptake inhibitor; geroprotector; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid [no description available]	2.03	1	0
calpeptin [no description available]	3.84	3	0	amino acid amide
ergocornine ergocornine: a component of ergotoxine; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search ERGOLINES (75-86); RN given refers to ((5'alpha)-isomer). ergocornine : Ergotaman bearing a hydroxy group at the 12' position, isopropyl groups at the 2' and 5'alpha positions, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid.	2.13	1	0	ergot alkaloid
fangchinoline [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; macrocycle	anti-HIV-1 agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
agroclavine agroclavine: structure. agroclavine : An ergot alkaloid that is ergoline which contains a double bond between positions 8 and 9, and which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 6 and 8.	2.03	1	0	ergot alkaloid
panaxatriol panaxatriol: a protopanaxatriol with the side chain cyclized into a pyran which is an artifact of acidic hydrolysis	2.25	1	0	triterpenoid saponin
maslinic acid (2Alpha,3beta)-2,3-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid: from Luehea divaricata and Agrimonia eupatoria	2.6	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
pramoxine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether
8-hydroxy-2-quinolinecarboxylic acid [no description available]	2.15	1	0	quinolines
2-naphthylisothiocyanate [no description available]	2.46	2	0
pentafluorobenzyl bromide pentafluorobenzyl bromide : A member of the class benzyl bromides that is benzyl bromide in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the phenyl ring are replaced by fluoro groups. It is a versatile derivatization agent in chromatography and mass spectrometry.	1.97	1	0	benzyl bromides; fluorobenzenes
atovaquone Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.	4.66	8	0	hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
s-methylisothiourea sulfate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
p-Aminobenzamidine dihydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	organic molecular entity
butyrylcholine chloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
1-ethoxysilatrane [no description available]	2.04	1	0
1-benzylimidazole 1-benzylimidazole: inhibits human thromboxane synthetase	2.13	1	0
rivastigmine [no description available]	4.08	4	0	carbamate ester; tertiary amino compound	cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
frovatriptan [no description available]	4.08	4	0	carbazoles
eletriptan eletriptan: 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source. eletriptan : An N-alkylpyrrolidine, that is N-methylpyrrolidine in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a {5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methyl group.	3.86	3	0	indoles; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfone	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
rosiglitazone [no description available]	4.94	11	0	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
tamiflu [no description available]	2.08	1	0	phosphate salt
benzamidine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
chloropyramine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
6-aminoindazole 6-aminoindazole: depresses gastric acid secretion; structure given in first source	2.13	1	0	indazoles
2,4-diamino-5-benzylpyrimidine 2,4-diamino-5-benzylpyrimidine: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
cryptolepine cryptolepine: fused indole-quinoline; structure in first source; from CRYPTOLEPIS sanguinolenta. cryptolepine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 5H-indolo[3,2-b]quinoline in which the hydrogen at position N-5 is replaced by a methyl group.	2.05	1	0	indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound	anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; cysteine protease inhibitor; plant metabolite
bexarotene [no description available]	3.61	2	0	benzoic acids; naphthalenes; retinoid	antineoplastic agent
s20098 [no description available]	2.08	1	0	acetamides
flunisolide flunisolide: flunisolide HFA is a formulation of flunisolide using hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) as propellant in place of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) ones	2.73	3	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
4-nitrophenylglucuronide 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide : A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid having a 4-nitrophenyl substituent at the anomeric position.	2.04	1	0	beta-D-glucosiduronic acid; C-nitro compound	chromogenic compound
iridium oxide iridium oxide: RN given refers to Ir-O2	2.15	1	0
alanylproline alanylproline: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer	1.98	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
chloroquine diphosphate [no description available]	2.46	2	0
orphenadrine citrate orphenadrine citrate : A citrate salt which comprises equimolar amounts of orphenadrine and citric acid.	2.46	2	0	citrate salt	H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; NMDA receptor antagonist; parasympatholytic
acetaminophen glucuronide acetaminophen glucuronide: acetaminophen metabolite in rats. acetaminophen O-beta-D-glucosiduronic acid : A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid that is the O-glucuronide of paracetamol (acetaminophen).	2.04	1	0	beta-D-glucosiduronic acid	drug metabolite
albendazole sulfoxide albendazole sulfoxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	sulfoxide
ketorolac tromethamine Ketorolac Tromethamine: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity.. ketorolac tromethamine : An organoammonium salt resulting from the mixture of equimolar amounts of ketorolac and tromethamine (tris). It has potent non-sedating analgesic and moderate anti-inflammatory effects. It is used in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.	2.97	4	0	organoammonium salt	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.	4.76	9	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic
bromates Bromates: Negative ions or salts derived from bromic acid, HBrO3.	2.08	1	0	bromine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
loganin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; cyclopentapyran; enoate ester; iridoid monoterpenoid; methyl ester; monosaccharide derivative; secondary alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
5-aminoindazole [no description available]	2.13	1	0
2,4-diamino-5,6-dihydro-6,6-dimethyl-5-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-s-triazine 2,4-diamino-5,6-dihydro-6,6-dimethyl-5-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-s-triazine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
methionine sulfoximine L-methionine sulfoximine : A methionine sulfoximine in which the amino group has S-stereochemistry.	2.03	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-methionine derivative; methionine sulfoximine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 6.3.1.2 (glutamate--ammonia ligase) inhibitor; geroprotector
tretazicar tretazicar: minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search AZIRIDINES (75-84)	2.44	2	0
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	9.04	14	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
nsc-172755 butocin: S-substituted analog of mercaptopurine which functions as a cytostatic agent; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line search 6-MERCAPTOPURINE/AA (75-84); Index Medicus search MERCAPTOPURINE/analogs (75-84)	2.04	1	0
carbetapentane citrate [no description available]	2.03	1	0	carbonyl compound
n-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide: nephrotoxic; post-treatment enhanced induction of renal cell tumors in rats by dimethylnitrosamine, pre-treatment inhibited induction of tumors, & alone caused interstitial nephritis but no tumors	2.46	2	0	pyrrolidines
cinchonine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	(8xi)-cinchonan-9-ol; cinchona alkaloid	metabolite
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	9.31	4	1	iditol	fungal metabolite
moexipril [no description available]	11.86	8	1	peptide
phentolamine mesylate [no description available]	2.98	4	0
17-alpha-hydroxypregnenolone 17-alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone: A 21-carbon steroid that is converted from PREGNENOLONE by STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE. It is an intermediate in the delta-5 pathway of biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and the adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.. 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone : A hydroxypregnenolone carrying an alpha-hydroxy group at position 17.	1.99	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; hydroxypregnenolone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
aucubin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	organic molecular entity	metabolite
streptovitacin a streptovitacin A: structure	2.04	1	0
7-ketocholesterol 7-ketocholesterol: inhibits uptake of cholesterol in rabbit aorta. 7-ketocholesterol : A cholestanoid that consists of cholesterol bearing an oxo substituent at position 7.	2.02	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; 7-oxo steroid; cholestanoid	neuroprotective agent
mephentermine sphinganine : A 2-aminooctadecane-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.	2.03	1	0	2-aminooctadecane-1,3-diol	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
oxybutynin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.98	4	0	hydrochloride
catalpol [no description available]	2.6	1	0	organic molecular entity	metabolite
homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.	4.9	8	1	amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid	fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate: do not confuse with beta,gamma-methylene ATP; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.01	1	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene [no description available]	2.05	1	0	secondary alcohol
gliquidone gliquidone: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.08	1	0	isoquinolines
2-methylhippuric acid 2-methylhippuric acid: urinary metabolite of o-xylene. o-methylhippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the ortho-methyl derivative of hippuric acid.	2.13	1	0	N-acylglycine	metabolite
nimustine nimustine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining nimustine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	antineoplastic agent
cordium bepridil hydrochloride monohydrate : The hydrochloride monohydrate of bepridril.	2.74	3	0	hydrate; hydrochloride
L-2-aminoadipic acid L-2-aminoadipic acid : The L-enantiomer of 2-aminoadipic acid.	2.03	1	0	2-aminoadipic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
prilocaine hydrochloride prilocaine hydrochloride : The monohydrochloride salt of prilocaine.	2.47	2	0	hydrochloride	local anaesthetic
n-hexadecyl-n,n-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate [no description available]	2.05	1	0
meclizine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
lekoptin (S)-verapamil : A 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile that has S configuration.	4.39	3	0	2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile
n-(3-pyrene)maleimide N-(3-pyrene)maleimide: structure in first source	1.99	1	0
cb 10375 trimelamol: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
mor-14 N-methyldeoxynojirimycin: glucosidase inhibitor	2.03	1	0	hydroxypiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary amino compound	anti-HIV agent; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
zofenopril zofenopril: structure given in first source; SQ 26900 refers to K salt & SQ 26991 to Ca salt. zofenopril : A proline derivative that is 4-(phenylsulfanyl)-L-proline in which the amine proton is replaced by a (2S)-3-(benzoylsulfanyl)-2-methylpropanoyl group. A prodrug for zofenoprilat.	19.89	143	38	aryl sulfide; L-proline derivative; N-acyl-L-amino acid; thioester	anticonvulsant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug; vasodilator agent
mci 9038 [no description available]	4.34	3	0	peptide
lopinavir [no description available]	4.91	6	0	amphetamines; dicarboxylic acid diamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
11-hydroxyprogesterone, (11alpha)-isomer 11alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 11alpha-hydroxy steroid that is pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione substituted by a hydroxy group at position 11.	2.13	1	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid
brexanolone brexanolone: a mixture of allopregnanolone and sulfobutylether‐beta‐cyclodextrin for treatment of postpartum depression. brexanolone : A 3-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has alpha-configuration. It is a metabolite of the sex hormone progesterone and used for the treatment of postpartum depression in women.	2.03	1	0	3-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one	antidepressant; GABA modulator; human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
malic acid, (r)-isomer (R)-malic acid : An optically active form of malic acid having (R)-configuration.	2.13	1	0	malic acid
21-deoxycortisol 21-deoxycortisol: RN given refers to (11beta)-isomer; structure. 21-deoxycortisol : A deoxycortisol that is 17xi-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 11 and an alpha-hydroxy group at position 17. It is a marker of virilizing adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency.	2.13	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid; deoxycortisol; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite
estrone 3-methyl ether estrone 3-methyl ether: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure	2.13	1	0
e-250 [no description available]	2.13	1	0
rac-glycerol 1-monodecanoate rac-glycerol 1-monodecanoate: a monoglyceride of capric acid. 1-monodecanoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has decanoyl (capryl) as the acyl group.. rac-1-monodecanoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol composed of equal amounts of 3-decanoyl-sn-glycerol and 1-decanoyl-sn-glycerol.	2.13	1	0	rac-1-monoacylglycerol
glycyl-l-phenylalanine glycylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. Gly-Phe : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-phenylalanine residues.	1.98	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	human metabolite; metabolite
nipecotic acid amide nipecotic acid amide: RN & N1 form 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. nipecotamide : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of nipecotic acid with ammonia.	2.13	1	0	piperidinecarboxamide
glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.	2	1	0
glycylsarcosine glycylsarcosine : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of glycine with the amino group of sarcosine.	4.04	4	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide
carbenicillin indanyl carbenicillin indanyl: acid stable indanyl ester of carbenicillin for oral use; same side-effects as carbenicillin; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search CARBENICILLIN/AA (75-86); RN given refers to (mono-Na salt(2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer)	2.04	1	0	penicillin
phenylisopropyladenosine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	aromatic amine; benzenes; hydrocarbyladenosine; purine nucleoside; secondary amino compound	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; neuroprotective agent
levcromakalim [no description available]	2.13	1	0	1-benzopyran
hexamethonium chloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
tachistin tachistin: a synthetic analog of dihydrotachysterol	2.13	1	0
11-ketoprogesterone 11-ketoprogesterone: structure	1.99	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
leucylleucine leucylleucine: RN given refers to (DL-Leu-DL-Leu)-isomer	1.98	1	0	peptide
cortisol octanoate [no description available]	2.13	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
hippuryl-histidyl-leucine hippuryl-histidyl-leucine: synthetic substrate for angiotensin converting enzyme; used in affinity chromatography	4	14	0
diprotin a [no description available]	1.99	1	0	peptide
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	2.11	1	0	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
cb 1837 CB 1837: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.04	1	0
desethylchloroquine desethylchloroquine: metabolite of chloroquine	2.05	1	0	aminoquinoline
4-mercaptobenzoate 4-mercaptobenzoate: substrate for 4-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase	2.05	1	0
6-(4-nitrobenzylthio)guanosine 6-(4-nitrobenzylthio)guanosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport	2.03	1	0
hexaphosphamide hexaphosphamide: structure	2.04	1	0
dipin dipin: structure	2.04	1	0
phosphazine phosphazine: structure	2.04	1	0
hippuryl-glycyl-glycine hippuryl-glycyl-glycine: RN given refers to parent cpd; N1 from 9th CI Form Index	2.38	2	0
3-aminopropylphosphonic acid 3-aminopropylphosphonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. (3-aminopropyl)phosphonic acid : A phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorus of phosphonic acid is substituted by a 3-aminopropyl group. It is a partial agonist of GABAB receptors.	2.03	1	0	phosphonic acids; primary amino compound; zwitterion	GABAB receptor agonist
armepavine [no description available]	2.13	1	0
5'-n-methylcarboxamideadenosine 5'-N-methylcarboxamideadenosine: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer	2.03	1	0
diiodobenzotepa diiodobenzotepa: structure	2.04	1	0
cellulose sulfate cellulose sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; vaginal gel being developed as both a contraceptive and blockage to STD somewhat like nonoxynol-9	1.97	1	0	ether; flavonoids
3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine: potent & selective in vivo antagonist of adenosine analogs	2.03	1	0
zpck ZPCK: alkylates histidine residue at active center of bovine chymotrypsin	2.03	1	0
enkephalinamide-met, ala(2)- enkephalinamide-Met, Ala(2)-: synthetic enkephalin analog;	1.97	1	0
icig 1163 ICIG 1163: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
wr 159412 [no description available]	2.05	1	0
bimolane bimolane: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
thiodipin thiodipin: structure	2.04	1	0
n(6)-phenyladenosine [no description available]	2.47	2	0	purine nucleoside
fluoxydine fluoxydine: structure	2.04	1	0
moxifloxacin hydrochloride moxifloxacin hydrochloride : A hydrochloride comprising equimolar amounts of moxifloxacin and hydrogen chloride.	2.08	1	0	hydrochloride	antibacterial drug
2 alpha-methyl-9 alpha-fluorocortisol [no description available]	1.99	1	0
cinchonidine cinchonidine: has antimalarial activity; diastereoisomer of cinchonine with distinct physiochemical properties; RN given refers to parent cpd(8alpha,9R)-isomer. cinchonidine : 8-epi-Cinchonan in which a hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by hydroxy (R configuration). A diasteroisomer of cinchonine, it occurs in the bark of most varieties of Cinchona shrubs, and is frequently used for directing chirality in asymmetric synthesis.	2.05	1	0	(8xi)-cinchonan-9-ol; cinchona alkaloid	metabolite
tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5beta)-isomer	2.03	1	0	21-hydroxy steroid
imiphos imiphos: structure	2.04	1	0
n-methyladenosine N-methyladenosine: is a inhibitor of cell differentiation. N(6)-methyladenosine : A methyladenosine compound with one methyl group attached to N(6) of the adenine nucleobase.	2.52	2	0	methyladenosine
benzyloxyamine benzyloxyamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0
phenglutarimide phenglutarimide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.05	1	0	piperidines
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	3.23	6	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group.	3.23	6	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound	metabolite
fulvestrant Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.	3.61	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist
mizoribine [no description available]	2.77	3	0	imidazoles	anticoronaviral agent
1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane 1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer	2.03	1	0
desethylamiodarone desethylamiodarone: metabolite of amiodarone; structure given in first source	2	1	0	aromatic ketone
u 73122 1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: structure given in first source. U-73122 : An aza-steroid that is 3-O-methyl-17beta-estradiol in which the 17beta-hydroxy group is replaced by a 6-(maleimid-1-yl)hexylamino group. An inibitor of phospholipase C.	2.7	3	0	aromatic ether; aza-steroid; maleimides	EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system	2.05	1	0	oligopeptide
eudragit rl [no description available]	2.04	1	0
wr 1065 WR-1065 : An alkanethiol that is the N-3-aminopropyl derivative of cysteamine. Used as the S-phosphorylated prodrug, amifostine, for cytoprotection in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.	2.02	1	0	alkanethiol; diamine	antioxidant; drug metabolite; radiation protective agent
vitamin b 6 Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.	3.4	1	1
imipenem, anhydrous Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.	3.34	6	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carbapenems; zwitterion	antibacterial drug
alphaxalone alphaxalone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5alpha)-isomer; structure	2.47	2	0	corticosteroid hormone
sr141716 [no description available]	2.47	2	0	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles	anti-obesity agent; appetite depressant; CB1 receptor antagonist
s-nitrosoglutathione [no description available]	7.94	4	0	glutathione derivative; nitrosothio compound	bronchodilator agent; nitric oxide donor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; signalling molecule
bosentan anhydrous Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.	4.93	11	0	primary alcohol; pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
bicuculline methiodide [no description available]	2.13	1	0
cp-55,940 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
vanoxerine vanoxerine dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of vanoxerine with two equivalents of hydrogen chloride. Potent, competitive inhibitor of dopamine uptake (Ki = 1 nM for inhibition of striatal dopamine uptake). Has > 100-fold lower affinity for the noradrenalin and 5-HT uptake carriers. Also a potent sigma ligand (IC50 = 48 nM). Centrally active following systemic administration.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	dopamine uptake inhibitor
eudragit rs Eudragit RS: copolymer of acrylic & methacrylic acid esters & quaternary ammonium groups; used for microcapsules	2.41	2	0
u 74389f U 74389F: a 21-aminosteroid antioxidant (lazaroids); inhibitor of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation; structure in first source	2	1	0
cp 96345 CP 96345: structure given in first source; potent nonpeptide antagonist of the substance P (NK1) receptor; CP 96344 is enantiomer of CP 96345	2.67	3	0
1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1h-imidazole 1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1H-imidazole: inhibits platelet aggregation & Ca2+ entry into platelets. SKF-96365 free base : An ether that is 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been substituted by a 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl group.	2.05	1	0	ether; imidazoles; monomethoxybenzene	TRP channel blocker
sr 48968 SR 48968: structure given in first source; neurokinin A antagonist; tachykinin receptor antagonist; SR 48965 is the inactive R-enantiomer of SR 48968	2.91	4	0
fluo-3 Fluo-3: fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator; permits continuous monitoring of Ca without interference with use of UV-sensitive caged compounds	2.72	3	0	xanthene dye	fluorochrome
methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	beta-carbolines
fpl 55712 FPL 55712: inhibitor of SRS-A and LTC4 and LTD4 receptors	2.38	2	0	aromatic ketone
selenomethionine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; selenomethionine	plant metabolite
artesunic acid [no description available]	2.1	1	0
bradykinin, des-arg(9)- bradykinin, des-Arg(9)-: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.78	11	0	oligopeptide	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist
beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: isolated from brain tissue & urine; extremely potent displacer of diazepam from brain benzodiazepam receptors; structure in first source	2.13	1	0	beta-carbolines
u 69593 U 69593: selective ligand for opioid K-receptor. U69593 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of phenylacetic acid and the secodary amino group of (5R,7S,8S)-N-methyl-7-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-amine.	2.4	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-alkylpyrrolidine; organic heterobicyclic compound; oxaspiro compound	anti-inflammatory agent; diuretic; kappa-opioid receptor agonist
3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate 3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate: a surfactant; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate
cv 3988 CV 3988: platelet activating factor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.4	2	0
7,7-diphenyl-2-(1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)perhydroisoindol-4-one 7,7-diphenyl-2-(1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)perhydroisoindol-4-one: structure given in first source; RP 68651 is the inactive (3aS,7aS)-isomer; substance P antagonist	2.39	2	0
bremazocine bremazocine: potent, log-acting opiate kappa-agonist & centrally acting analgesic; RN given refers to (2R)-isomer; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	beta-carbolines
sivelestat sivelestat: inhibitor of neutrophil elastase; structure given in first source	3.57	2	0	N-acylglycine; pivalate ester
aldophosphamide aldophosphamide: metabolite of cyclophosphamide	2.04	1	0	nitrogen mustard
amiloride, hydrochlorothiazide drug combination amiloride, hydrochlorothiazide drug combination: amiloride hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide drug combination.	3.35	1	1
racecadotril racecadotril: parenterally active enkephalinase inhibitor	4.66	6	1	N-acyl-amino acid
methoctramine methoctramine: structure given in first source. methoctramine : A tetramine that is N,N'-bis(6-aminohexyl)octane-1,8-diamine where the primary amino groups both carry 2-methoxybenzyl substituents.. methoctramine tetrahydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining methoctramine with four molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid.	2.44	2	0	hydrochloride	muscarinic antagonist
pyronaridine [no description available]	2.54	2	0	aminoquinoline
saikosaponin d [no description available]	2.03	1	0
perindopril Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline	13.87	61	20	alpha-amino acid ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
hypotaurine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	aminosulfinic acid; zwitterion	human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
tryptoline tryptoline: neurotoxic factor that may be involved in development of Parkinson's disease; enzymatic prep from human brain converts tryptamine to tryptoline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.13	1	0	beta-carbolines
geniposide [no description available]	2.6	1	0	terpene glycoside
procyanidin Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.	2.42	2	0	proanthocyanidin
dihydrokainate [no description available]	2.03	1	0	dicarboxylic acid
gabazine [no description available]	2.03	1	0
asulacrine asulacrine: derivative of amsacrine; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	acridines
gamma-fagarine gamma-fagarine: active alkaloid of Chinese medicines from Dictamni radicis cortex (Rutaceae); structure given in first source	2.13	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle
cl 218872 CL 218872: shows specific action on benzodiazepine receptors; structure	2.03	1	0	pyridazines; ring assembly
betaxolol hydrochloride betaxolol hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of betaxolol.	2.47	2	0	hydrochloride	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
catechin (+)-catechin monohydrate : The monohydrate of (+)-catechin.	2.03	1	0	hydrate	geroprotector
hydroxycotinine hydroxycotinine: metabolite of nicotine; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure. trans-3-hydroxycotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is cotinine substituted at position C-3 by a hydroxy group (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).	2.04	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid
1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-(2-phthalimido)butyl)piperazine NAN 190 hydrobromide : A hydrobromide obtained by reaction of NAN 190 with one equivalent of hydrobromic acid.	2.03	1	0	hydrobromide	serotonergic antagonist
s-methylthiocitrulline S-methylthiocitrulline: a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; structure in first source. S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline : An L-arginine derivative in which the guanidino NH2 group of L-arginine is replaced by a methylsufanyl group.	2.7	3	0	imidothiocarbamic ester; L-arginine derivative; L-ornithine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
fingolimod fingolimod : An aminodiol that consists of propane-1,3-diol having amino and 2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl substituents at the 2-position. It is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prodrug, fingolimod is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to active metabolite fingolimod-phosphate, a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate.	2.05	1	0	aminodiol; primary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; CB1 receptor antagonist; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
daidzin daidzin: a potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic).	2.6	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; hydroxyisoflavone; monosaccharide derivative	plant metabolite
dihydrocapsaicin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	capsaicinoid
quinaprilat quinaprilat: metabolite of quinapril. quinaprilat : A dicarboxylic acid resulting from the hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group of quinapril to give the corresponding dicarboxylic acid. The active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) of the prodrug quinapril.	4.08	15	0	dicarboxylic acid; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
1h-indene-2-carboxylic acid, 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(2- (carboxymethoxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-5-propoxy-, (1s,2r,3s)- 1H-Indene-2-carboxylic acid, 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(2- (carboxymethoxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-5-propoxy-, (1S,2R,3S)-: an ET(A) and ET(B) endothelin receptor antagonist; structure in first source	1.99	1	0
Zearalanone [no description available]	2.13	1	0	macrolide; resorcinols
sepimostate mesilate sepimostate mesilate: used in therapy of pancreatitis; structure given in first source	3.1	1	0
ml 9 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
2-hydroxyimipramine 2-hydroxyimipramine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.45	2	0	dibenzoazepine
parthenolide [no description available]	2.03	1	0	germacranolide
rx 821002 2-methoxyidazoxan: 2-methoxy analog of idazoxan. 2-methoxyidazoxan : A benzodioxine that is idazoxan substituted at position 2 by a methoxy group.	2.44	2	0	benzodioxine; cyclic ketal; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
dynorphin (1-8) dynorphin (1-8): opioid octapeptide from porcine hypothalamus; comprises the N-terminal eight residues of dynorphin	3.08	5	0
senktide [no description available]	2	1	0
ecteinascidin 743 [no description available]	2.45	2	0	acetate ester; azaspiro compound; bridged compound; hemiaminal; isoquinoline alkaloid; lactone; organic heteropolycyclic compound; organic sulfide; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; marine metabolite
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.	3.59	9	0	2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent
sr 140333 SR 140333: SR-140603 is the (R)-antipode of SR-140333; a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist	2.69	3	0
exp3174 losartan carboxylic acid: structure given in first source. losartan carboxylic acid : A biphenylyltetrazole that is losartan with the hydroxymethyl group at position 5 on the imidazole ring replaced with a carboxylic acid.	3.87	12	0	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles; organochlorine compound	metabolite
deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.	2.67	3	0
tadalafil [no description available]	3.61	2	0	benzodioxoles; pyrazinopyridoindole	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
st 587 St 587: clonidine derivative which is selective alpha(1)-adrenoceptor stimulator with lipophilic properties; structure in first source	1.98	1	0
3,6-bis(5-chloro-2-piperidyl)-2,5-piperazinedione 3,6-bis(5-chloro-2-piperidyl)-2,5-piperazinedione: isolated from Streptomyces griseoluteus fermentation broth; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.04	1	0
3',4'-dichlorobenzamil 3',4'-dichlorobenzamil: inhibits Na-Ca exchange in membrane vesicle & papillary muscle preparations from guinea pig heart	2.03	1	0	guanidines; pyrazines
monobromobimane monobromobimane: fluorescent when reacted with thiol group; RN & N1 from CA Vol 91 Form Index; inhibits platelet calcium-dependent protease activity & the ability of dibucaine-stimulated platelets to support factor X activation; structure in first source. monobromobimane : A pyrazolopyrazole that consists of 1H,7H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazole-1,7-dione bearing three methyl substituents at positions 2, 5 and 6 as well as a bromomethyl substituent at the 3-position.	4.32	4	1	organobromine compound; pyrazolopyrazole	fluorochrome
oxymatrine oxysophoridine: an alkaloid isolated from Sophra alope; structure in first source	2.04	1	0	alkaloid; tertiary amine oxide
n-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine N-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
thromboxanes thromboxane : A class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.	6.27	6	2
pd 123177 PD 123177: nonpeptide angiotensin AII-2 inhibitor	3.09	5	0	diarylmethane
opc 21268 OPC 21268: structure given in first source; vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist	2.39	2	0
1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane 1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane: structure given in first source; alkylthio acetic acid, non-beta-oxidizable	2.03	1	0	straight-chain fatty acid
benzoylphenylalanyl-alanyl-proline benzoylphenylalanyl-alanyl-proline: synthetic angiotensin converting enzyme substrate	3.75	11	0
geraniin Geraniin: in various plants; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
fk 224 FK 224: tachykinin receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
paliperidone 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.. paliperidone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone. Paliperidone is the primary active metabolite of the older antipsychotic risperidone and is used for treatment of schizophrenia.	3.23	1	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine; secondary alcohol
sophocarpine [no description available]	2.6	1	0
2-iodomelatonin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	acetamides
nitisinone [no description available]	3.59	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; cyclohexanones; mesotrione	EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
tafenoquine tafenoquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tafenoquine.. N(4)-{2,6-dimethoxy-4-methyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]quinolin-8-yl}pentane-1,4-diamine : An aminoquinoline that is 8-aminoquinoline which is substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 6, a methyl group at position 4, and a m-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5, and in which the amino substituent at position 8 is itself substituted by a 5-aminopentan-2-yl group.	2.05	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; primary amino compound; secondary amino compound
plavix [no description available]	2.08	1	0	azaheterocycle sulfate salt; organoammonium sulfate salt	anticoagulant; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (304-313) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (304-313): from Bacillus stearothermophilus	2.01	1	0
chymosin Chymosin: The predominant milk-clotting enzyme from the true stomach or abomasum of the suckling calf. It is secreted as an inactive precursor called prorennin and converted in the acid environment of the stomach to the active enzyme. EC 3.4.23.4.	1.96	1	0
butethamate citrate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
arcaine, sulfate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
marimastat marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.	9.36	4	1	hydroxamic acid; secondary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
efonidipine efonidipine : A racemate comprising of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-efonidipine. It is a antihypertensive drug and a dual T-type and L-type calcium channel blocker.. 2-[benzyl(phenyl)amino]ethyl 5-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxido-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinan-2-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxido-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinan-2-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-[benzyl(phenyl)amino]ethanol.	6.99	1	0	C-nitro compound; carboxylic ester; dihydropyridine; tertiary amino compound
lithospermate b lithospermate B: major biologically active component of dan shen ; improves renal failure	6.97	1	0
clofarabine [no description available]	3.87	3	0	adenosines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
astilbin astilbin: dihydroflavonol from Kohki tea processed from Engelhardtia chrysolepis (huang-qui); astilbin is the (2R-trans)-isomer; neoisoastilbin is the (2S-cis)-isomer and is Sweetening Agents; isoastilbin is the (2R-cis)-isomer; structure in first source;. astilbin : A flavanone glycoside that is (+)-taxifolin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.05	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; alpha-L-rhamnoside; flavanone glycoside; monosaccharide derivative; tetrahydroxyflavanone	anti-inflammatory agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
4-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-piperidinyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-butanol 4-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-piperidinyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-butanol: structure in first source	2.13	1	0	piperidines
arg-3-hyp-7-phe-bradykinin NPC 567: bradykinin receptor antagonist. NPC-567 : A ten-membered oligopeptide comprising D-arginyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, (4R)-4-hydroxy-L-prolyl, glycyl, L-phenylalanyl, L-seryl, D-phenylalanyl, L-phenylalanyl and L-arginine residues joined in sequence.	2.93	4	0	oligopeptide	bradykinin receptor antagonist
elacridar Elacridar: inhibitor of MDR1 PROTEIN; structure given in first source	2.79	3	0
gr 113808 GR 113808: structure given in first source; a 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist: GR 125487 is the HCl salt. GR 113808 : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 1-methylindole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of N-{2-[4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}methanesulfonamide.	2.03	1	0	indolyl carboxylate ester; piperidines; sulfonamide	serotonergic antagonist
1,1,2-trichloroethanol 1,1,2-trichloroethanol: metabolite of 1,1,2-trichloroethylene	2.04	1	0
gallopamil hydrochloride [no description available]	2.47	2	0
argipressin, deaminopenicillamine(1)-o-methyl-tyr(2)- argipressin, deaminopenicillamine(1)-O-methyl-Tyr(2)-: vasopressin antagonist; RN refers to (L-Tyr-L-Arg)-isomer	2.38	2	0
gamma-glutamylaminomethylsulfonic acid [no description available]	2.03	1	0
buthionine sulfoximine L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine : A 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid which has S-configuration. It is a inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and is capable of enhancing the apoptotic effects of several chemotherapeutic agents.	2.45	2	0	2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid	EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer
pramipexole Pramipexole: A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. pramipexole : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.	4.39	3	0	benzothiazoles; diamine	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; radical scavenger
pentosidine pentosidine: structure given in first source. pentosidine : An imidazopyridine having norleucine and ornithine residues attached via their side-chains at the 4- and 2-positions respectively.	3.38	1	1	imidazopyridine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	biomarker; cross-linking reagent
valdecoxib [no description available]	3.61	2	0	isoxazoles; sulfonamide	antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
histamine dihydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
sch 39370 Sch 39370: RN given refers to (D)-hydroxy-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 9/89; structure given in first source; inhibits neutral metalloendopeptidase	2.68	3	0
sb 204070a SB 204070A: structure given in first source; a selective 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist	2.03	1	0
mitiglinide mitiglinide: a rapid and short-acting hypoglycemic agent; acts on sulfonylurea receptor closing KATP channels; considered one of the glinides-an imprecise grouping; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid
1-(2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl)-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine LY 165163: structure given in first source; a serotonin agonist. LY-165163 : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl and 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl groups at positions 1 and 4, respectively. It is a selective 5-HT1A serotonin receptor agonist and 5-HT1D serotonin receptor antagonist.	2.03	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; primary arylamine; substituted aniline	geroprotector; serotonergic agonist
l 658758 L 658758: structure & chemical name given in UD	3.1	1	0
enkephalin-leu, arg(6)- [no description available]	1.97	1	0
sri 63-675 SRI 63-675: structure given in first source; PAF antagonist	1.97	1	0
desethylamodiaquine desethylamodiaquine: metabolite of amodiaquine	2.05	1	0
l 655240 L 655240: thromboxane and prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; RN given is for parent cpd	2.03	1	0	methylindole
angiotensin ii, sar(1)-ile(5)- angiotensin II, Sar(1)-Ile(5)-: RN given refers to (5-L-Ile)-isomer	3.07	5	0
dx 9065 [no description available]	3.1	1	0
pd 142893 PD 142893: functional antagonist of endothelin-stimulated vasoconstriction	1.99	1	0
1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyridinium 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyridinium: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0
sch 34826 Sch 34826: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
san 58035 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
kallidin, des-arg(10)- kallidin, des-Arg(10)-: includes both L and D isomers of Phe(8)	2.43	2	0
acetylphenylalanyl-prolyl-boroarginine Ac-(D)Phe-Pro-boroArg-OH : A C-terminal boronic acid petide that is N-acetyl-D-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-arginine in which the C-termnal carboxy group has been replaced by a borono (-B(OH)2) group. A thrombin (Factor IIa) inhibitor, thereby acting as an anticoagulant.. DuP-714 : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of Ac-(D)Phe-Pro-boroArg-OH and hydrogen chloride. A thrombin (Factor IIa) inhibitor, thereby acting as an anticoagulant.	3.1	1	0	acetamides; C-terminal boronic acid peptide; guanidines	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
n-benzyloxycarbonylprolylprolinal N-benzyloxycarbonylprolylprolinal: inhibitor of prolyl endopeptidase	2.68	3	0
n,n-dideethylchloroquine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
celastrol [no description available]	2.6	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; metabolite
1,3-dimethylbenzimidazoline-2-thione 1,3-dimethylbenzimidazoline-2-thione: structure given in first source	2.13	1	0
peroxynitrous acid Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).	2.48	2	0	nitrogen oxoacid
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	2.73	3	0	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
almotriptan almotriptan : An indole compound having a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group at the 3-position and a (pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)methyl group at the 5-position.	4.08	4	0	indoles; sulfonamide; tertiary amine	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
mk 0663 [no description available]	2.46	2	0	bipyridines; organochlorine compound; sulfone	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gefitinib [no description available]	4.41	6	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
t-kinin T-kinin: from rat plasma	1.97	1	0	peptide
n-(n-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine N-(N-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine: inhibits calcium-activated neutral protease; see also record for E-64; RN given refers to (2-S-(2alpha,3beta)(R*)-isomer)	2.63	2	0	leucine derivative
5-(4-acetamidophenyl)pyrazin-2(1h)-one 5-(4-acetamidophenyl)pyrazin-2(1H)-one: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.	2.45	2	0	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organoiodine compound	adenosine A3 receptor agonist
1-(1-(2-benzo(b)thienyl)cyclohexyl)piperidine 1-(1-(2-benzo(b)thienyl)cyclohexyl)piperidine: structure given in first source. 1-[1-(1-benzothiophen-2-yl)cyclohexyl]piperidine : A tertiary amino compound that consists of cyclohexane having piperidin-1-yl and benzothiophen-2-yl groups attached at position 1. A potent dopamine re-uptake inhibitor with a behavioral profile different from that of phencyclidine (PCP) and similar to that of cocaine.	2.04	1	0	1-benzothiophenes; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	dopamine uptake inhibitor
met-enkephalinamide [no description available]	2.07	1	0
tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine: RN given refers to L-isomer; this may not be the same as IMREG-1. Tyr-Gly-Gly : A tripeptide composed of one L-tyrosine and two glycine residues joined in sequence.	2.66	3	0	tripeptide zwitterion; tripeptide	metabolite
2-mercaptomethyl-3-guanidinoethylthiopropionic acid 2-mercaptomethyl-3-guanidinoethylthiopropionic acid: RN given refers to (+-)-isomer; structure given in first source	3.92	13	0
nnc 711 NNC 711: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
1-(beta-mercapto-beta,beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid)-2-(o-ethyl-tyr)-4-val-arginine vasopressin 1-(beta-mercapto-beta,beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid)-2-(O-ethyl-Tyr)-4-Val-arginine vasopressin: RN refers to (L-Tyr-L-Val-L-Arg)-isomer ; vasopressin antagonist	2.38	2	0
sq 28603 SQ 28603: a selective neutral endopeptidase inhibitor	4.7	9	0
argipressin, beta-mercapto-beta,beta cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid(1)- [no description available]	4.59	10	0
enkephalin-met, arg(6)-phe(7)- [no description available]	3.68	10	0	organic molecular entity
enkephalin-met, arg(6)-gly(7)-leu(8)- enkephalin-Met, Arg(6)-Gly(7)-Leu(8)-: from bovine adrenal medulla; has 35% the opiate receptor binding activity of Met-enkephalin	1.99	1	0
cgp 42112a CGP 42112A: a hexapeptide analog of angiotensin II; activation of Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 results in vasodilation. CGP-42112A : A hexapeptide consisting of L-tyrosine, L-lysine, L-histidine, L-proline and L-isoleucine amino acid residues coupled in sequence and in which the amino group of the L-tyrosyl residue is substituted by a (pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)nitrilo group and in which the L-lysyl side chain amino group is substituted by a {N(2)-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-L-arginyl}nitrilo group. It is a potent angiotensin II receptor type 2 (AT2 receptor) agonist.	3.1	5	0	benzyl ester; oligopeptide; pyridinecarboxamide	angiotensin receptor agonist; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; neuroprotective agent; vasodilator agent
kyotorphin kyotorphin: morphine-like dipeptide from bovine brain; RN given refers to (L-Arg-L-Tyr)-isomer. Tyr-Arg : A dipeptide composed of L-tyrosine and L-arginine joined by a peptide linkage.	7.37	2	0	dipeptide
angiotensin ii, des-phe(8)- Ile(5)-angiotensin II (1-7) : An angiotensin compound consisting of the linear heptapeptide sequence L-Asp-L-Arg-L-Val-L-Tyr-L-Ile-L-His-L-Pro.	7.01	27	1	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin	vasodilator agent
angiotensin ii, des-asp(1)-des-arg(2)-ile(5)- angiotensin II, des-Asp(1)-des-Arg(2)-Ile(5)-: 3-8 hexapeptide fragment of angiotensin II; smallest potent angiotensin II antagonist	3.37	7	0	organic molecular entity
n,n-dimethylarginine N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.	4.54	5	1	dimethylarginine; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazine)propionate 3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazine)propionate: structural analog of gamma-butyrobetaine, also of carnitine; antianginal compound; MET-88 is dihydrate; structure given in first source. meldonium : An ammonium betaine that is beta-alaninate in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a trimethylamino group. A clinically used cardioprotective drug that is used for treatment of heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, atherosclerosis and diabetes.	2	1	0	ammonium betaine	cardioprotective agent; EC 1.14.11.1 (gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
benzoylarginine ethyl ester benzoylarginine ethyl ester: used as substrate for trypsin; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0
bradykinin, leu(8)-des-arg(9)- bradykinin, Leu(8)-des-Arg(9)-: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.02	1	0
glycylglutamine glycylglutamine: inhibitory neuropeptide derived from beta-endorphin; RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite; protective agent
7,8-dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline 7,8-dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline: potent reversible inhibitor of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase; structure. 7,8-dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline : A 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hacing chloro substituents at the 7- and 8-positions.	1.96	1	0	isoquinolines; organochlorine compound
4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-n,n-diethylbenzamide 4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-N,N-diethylbenzamide: a highly-selective, nonpeptide delta opioid receptor agonist; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	diarylmethane
pd 145065 PD 145065: a non-selective endothelin(A)/endothelin(B) antagonist	1.99	1	0
vadimezan vadimezan : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 5,6-dimethyl-9-oxoxanthen-4-yl group.	2.6	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; xanthones	antineoplastic agent
b 4162 B 4162: bradykinin inhibitor	3.23	6	0
peroxyoxalate [no description available]	2.05	1	0
kelatorphan kelatorphan: inhibitor of enkephalin metabolism; structure given in first source	2.4	2	0
e 64 E 64: cysteine protease inhibitor of microbial origin, which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.-)	4.05	4	0	dicarboxylic acid monoamide; epoxy monocarboxylic acid; guanidines; L-leucine derivative; zwitterion	antimalarial; antiparasitic agent; protease inhibitor
desloratadine desloratadine: major metabolite of loratadine. desloratadine : Loratadine in which the ethoxycarbonyl group attached to the piperidine ring is replaced by hydrogen. The major metabolite of loratidine, desloratadine is an antihistamine which is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It does not readily enter the central nervous system, so does not cause drowsiness.	3.9	3	0	benzocycloheptapyridine	anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist
1,4,7-triazacyclononane-n,n',n''-triacetic acid 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N',N''-triacetic acid: structure given in first source	3.41	1	0
azetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid azetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid: activates neuronal metabotropic receptors; RN given refers to (trans-isomer); RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 10/93	2.03	1	0
2-pyrazinoylguanidine 2-pyrazinoylguanidine: inhibits secretion of urea by kidney tubules	3.31	2	0
desvenlafaxine O-desmethylvenlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-hydroxyphenyl group. It is a metabolite of the drug venlafaxine.	3.23	1	0	cyclohexanols; phenols; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant; drug metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite
benzyloxycarbonylphenylalanylphenylalanine diazomethyl ketone benzyloxycarbonylphenylalanylphenylalanine diazomethyl ketone: inhibits cathepsins B and L	3.1	1	0	carboxylic ester; diazo compound; L-phenylalanine derivative; secondary carboxamide	cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.15) inhibitor
l 687384 L 687384: a high-affinity sigma receptor ligand	3.27	1	0
dermorphin, arg(2)- dermorphin, Arg(2)-: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.37	2	0
bd 1008 BD 1008: structure in first source	4.04	2	0	primary amine
pre 084 2-(4-morpholino)ethyl-1-phenylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	morpholines
iremycin iremycin: anthracycline antibiotic from Streptomyces violaceus subsp. iremyceticus; RN given refers to parent cpd(7R-trans)-isomer	2.04	1	0
lvv-hemorphin-7 LVV-hemorphin-7: a morphinomimetic peptide; amino acid sequence given in first source; isolated from ventricular cerebrospinal fluid of patients with cerebrovascular bleedings	1.99	1	0
3-(2-(4-azidobenzamidino)ethyl)-5-hydroxyindole 3-(2-(4-azidobenzamidino)ethyl)-5-hydroxyindole: structure given in first source	1.96	1	0
methotrexate [no description available]	11.25	26	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
3,6-diamino-9-(4-(methylsulfonyl)aminophenyl)aminoacridine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
1-(2-allylphenoxy)-3-((8-bromoacetylamino-4-menthane-1-yl)amino)-1-propanol 1-(2-allylphenoxy)-3-((8-bromoacetylamino-4-menthane-1-yl)amino)-1-propanol: irreversibly inactivates the dihydroalprenolol binding site; alprenolol analog; isopropylamino group of alprenolol replaced by 8-bromoacetylamino-1-amino-p-menthane moiety in the 1 position; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
enkephalin-met, arg(6)- enkephalin-Met, Arg(6)-: opioid hexapeptide found in adrenal medulla & brain	1.97	1	0
n-(3-hydroxyaminocarbonyl-2-benzyl-1-oxopropyl)glycine N-(3-hydroxyaminocarbonyl-2-benzyl-1-oxopropyl)glycine: structure given in first source; RN refers to tritium labeled cpd	1.96	1	0
n,n'-bis((2-chloroethyl)nitrosocarbamoyl)cystamine N,N'-bis((2-chloroethyl)nitrosocarbamoyl)cystamine: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
hainanensine hainanensine: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
sr 2640 SR 2640: leukotriene D4 and E4 antagonist	2.03	1	0	quinolines
arg-pro-hyp-gly-thi-ser-phe-thi-arg tfa B 4146: bradykinin inhibitor; RN given refers to (L-Pro-L-Ala-D-Phe-L-Ala)-isomer	2.37	2	0
hemorphin 4 hemorphin 4: opioid peptide derived from bovine hemoglobin	1.99	1	0	oligopeptide
ne 58051 NE 58051: inhibits tumor cell adhesion to extracellular matrices; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
substance p (5-11), asp(5,6)-mephe(8)- substance P (5-11), Asp(5,6)-MePhe(8)-: neurokinin B receptor agonist; inhibits salt appetite in rats	1.97	1	0
tamsulosin [no description available]	4.53	7	0	5-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antineoplastic agent
rufinamide rufinamide: for treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; structure in first source	3.23	1	0	aromatic amide; heteroarene
epidermal pentapeptide epidermal pentapeptide: consists of amino acids pGlu, Glu, Asp, Ser, Gly with pGlu at N-terminal end	1.99	1	0
ici 204448 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
s-nitrosocaptopril S-nitrosocaptopril: manifests nitrovasodilatory activity, inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme activity & inhibits platelet aggregation	5.98	34	0
sq 29072 SQ 29072: neutral endopeptidase inhibitor	1.97	1	0
antiprimod azaspirane: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
cgp 36742 (3-aminopropyl)(n-butyl)phosphinic acid: interacts preferably with GABA-B RECEPTORS (IC50=38 μM) and GABA-C receptors (IC50=62 μM) over GABA-A RECEPTORS (IC50=508 μM)	1.98	1	0
sulbactam [no description available]	2.97	4	0	penicillanic acids
olmesartan medoxomil Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION.	4.41	6	0	biphenyls
dexpanthenol dexpanthenol: The alcohol of pantothenic acid	3.23	1	0	amino alcohol; monocarboxylic acid amide	cholinergic drug; provitamin
flosequinoxan flosequinoxan: metabolite of BTS 49465	1.98	1	0
umifenovir umifenovir: an antiviral agent	2.6	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
fosamprenavir fosamprenavir: a prodrug of the protease inhibitor amprenavir. fosamprenavir : A sulfonamide with a structure based on that of sulfanilamide substituted on the sulfonamide nitrogen by a (2R,3S)-4-phenyl-2-(phosphonooxy)-3-({[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]carbonyl}amino)butyl group. It is a pro-drug of the HIV protease inhibitor and antiretroviral drug amprenavir.	3.23	1	0	sulfonamide	prodrug
safinamide safinamide: short-acting inhibitor of MOA-B; FCE 26743 is (S)-isomer, FCE 28073 is (R)-isomer; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	amino acid amide
4-amino-1-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)piperidine hydrochloride 4-amino-1-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)piperidine hydrochloride: has high affinity and selectivity for 5-HT3 receptors; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
sch 42495 [no description available]	2.69	3	0
n,n-di-n-hexyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)indole-3-acetamide N,N-di-n-hexyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)indole-3-acetamide: binds with high affinity to glial mitochondrial diazepam binding inhibitor receptors & increases mitochondrial steroidogenesis	2.03	1	0	phenylindole
ilomastat CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source. ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor	2.54	2	0	hydroxamic acid; L-tryptophan derivative; N-acyl-amino acid	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
bradykinin, hyp(3)-thi(5)-tic(7)-oic(8)-desarg(9)- bradykinin, Hyp(3)-Thi(5)-Tic(7)-Oic(8)-desArg(9)-: a bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist	1.99	1	0
ro 31-8472 Ro 31-8472: structure given in first source; an analog of cilazaprilat	1.99	1	0
l 703606 L 703606: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
forasartan forasartan: structure given in first source; an angiotensin AT(1) receptor antagonist; angiotensin II receptor antagonist; used in treatment of congestive heart failure. forasartan : A member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by o-(tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl and (3,5-dibutyl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl groups, respectively. It is a nonpeptide antagonist of angiotensin II, type 1 (AT1) receptors, used for the treatment of hypertension.	2.68	3	0	benzenes; pyridines; tetrazoles; triazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent
3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl n-acetyltryptophan 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl N-acetyltryptophan: structure given in first source; substance P and neurokinin receptor antagonist	2.03	1	0
up 269-6 UP 269-6: structure given in first source; angiotensin receptor antagonist	1.99	1	0
omega-n-methylarginine omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.	5.09	10	1	amino acid zwitterion; arginine derivative; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
hemorphin 7 hemorphin 7: opioid peptide fragment of hemoglobin; blood plasma levels of hemorphin-7 increases after long distance running; acts as neurotransmitter antagonist	1.99	1	0
abiraterone [no description available]	2.08	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; pyridines	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.99.9 (steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase) inhibitor
ivabradine Ivabradine: A benzazepine derivative and selective HYPERPOLARIZATION-ACTIVATED CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNELS inhibitor that lowers the heart rate. It is used in the treatment of CHRONIC STABLE ANGINA in patients unable to take BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS, and in the treatment of HEART FAILURE.. ivabradine : A member of the class of benzazepines that is 7,8-dimethoxy-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepin-2-one in which the amide hydrogen is replaced by a [{[(7S)-3,4-dimethoxybicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trien-7-yl]methyl}(methyl)amino]propyl} group. Used (as its hydrochloride salt) to treat patients with angina who have intolerance to beta blockers and/or heart failure.	7.13	1	0	aromatic ether; benzazepine; carbobicyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiotonic drug
embusartan [no description available]	1.99	1	0
8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-((4-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl)oxy)propyl)-1-propylxanthine 8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-((4-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl)oxy)propyl)-1-propylxanthine: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
rupatadine rupatadine: structure given in first source; RN given refers to trihydrochloride	3.12	1	0	benzocycloheptapyridine
ml-3000 [no description available]	3.58	2	0
mk 996 MK 996: an AT1-selective angiotensin II receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	3.13	1	0
5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate [no description available]	2.46	2	0
centa CENTA: structure; beta-lactamase chromogenic cephalosporin reagent	2.08	1	0
3-(mercaptomethyl)-2-oxo-1-piperidineacetic acid [no description available]	2.88	4	0
leucine thiorphan leucine thiorphan: enkephalinase inhibitor	1.97	1	0
substance p (4-11), pro(4)-trp(7,9)- substance P (4-11), Pro(4)-Trp(7,9)-: RN given refers to (D-Pro,D-Trp)-(L-Met,L-Gln,L-Phe,L-Leu)-isomers; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemline 7/85; substance P antagonist	1.96	1	0
l 741626 3-(4-(4-chlorophenyl-4-hydroxypiperidino)methyl)indole: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	piperidines
wr 242511 WR 242511: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0
h 77 H 77: angiotensinogen (6-13)-octapeptide in which the peptide bond -CO-NH- at the Leu(9)-Leu(11) linkage is replaced by a -CH2-NH- bond; RN given refers to (D)-isomer	2.4	2	0
retrothiorphan retrothiorphan: RETRO-THIORPHAN was an EN to THIORPHAN 1989-93	2.7	3	0
mdl 100173 MDL 100173: (S)-isomer is MDL 100173; (R)-isomer is MDL 101628; RN refers to (4S-(4alpha,7alpha(R*),12bbeta)-isomer; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
febuxostat Febuxostat: A thiazole derivative and inhibitor of XANTHINE OXIDASE that is used for the treatment of HYPERURICEMIA in patients with chronic GOUT.. febuxostat : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout.	3.9	3	0	1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid; aromatic ether; nitrile	EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
dilevalol (R,R)-labetalol : A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1R,2R-configuration.	2.45	2	0	2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide
carbapenems [no description available]	3.23	5	0
nisoxetine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
triiodothyronine L-homocysteine thiolactone : A thiolactone arising from formal condensation of the mercapto (sulfanyl) and carboxylic acid groups of L-homocysteine.	2.03	1	0	tetrahydrothiophenes; thiolactone	human metabolite
fudosteine fudosteine: fudosteine is the (R)-isomer; structure in first source	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
tilarginine acetate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
alpha-guanidinoglutaric acid alpha-guanidinoglutaric acid: identified in the convulsive period of cobalt-induced seizures from cat cerebral cortex; RN given for cpd with unspecified guanidino-locant	2.03	1	0	L-glutamic acid derivative
3,4-dichloro-n-methyl-n-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-(+-)-isomer [no description available]	2.47	2	0
a 58365a A 58365A: from Streptomyces chromofuscus; structure given in second source	1.99	1	0
ritrosulfan ritrosulfan: RN given refers to parent cpd(R,S)-isomer; structure	2.04	1	0
imidazole-4-acetic acid hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	20.1	1,373	119	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae: The gourd plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is sometimes placed in its own order, Cucurbitales. 'Melon' generally refers to CUCUMIS; CITRULLUS; or MOMORDICA.	2	1	0
escitalopram Escitalopram: S-enantiomer of CITALOPRAM. Belongs to a class of drugs known as SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS, used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder.. escitalopram : A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the active enantiomer of citalopram.	3.23	1	0	1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile	antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
lexapro Lexapro: Trade name of escitalopram, the active S-enantiomer of the racemic citalopram.	2.08	1	0
kinetensin kinetensin: nonapeptide with neurotensin-like immunoreactivity; isolated from pepsin-treated human plasma. kinetensin : An oligopeptide comprising of nine amino acids with sequence L-Ile-L-Ala-L-Arg-L-Arg-L-His-L-Pro-L-Tyr-L-Phe-L-Leu. It was originally isolated from pepsin-treated human plasma and shares some sequence homology with the C-terminal end of neurotensin. It is a potent histamine releaser and may serve as an inflammatory mediator.	1.98	1	0	oligopeptide	histamine releasing agent; human metabolite
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin 10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin: structure in first source. pralatrexate : A pteridine that is the N-4-[1-(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)pent-4-yn-2-yl]benzoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. Used for treatment of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, an aggressive form of non-Hodgkins lymphoma.	3.23	1	0	N-acyl-L-glutamic acid; pteridines; terminal acetylenic compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
docetaxel [no description available]	3.14	5	0	hydrate; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.61	2	0	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
irofulven irofulven: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	cyclohexenones
atazanavir atazanavir : A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).	4.78	5	0	carbohydrazide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
ym 872 YM 872: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
tariquidar [no description available]	3.56	2	0	benzamides
nsc-141549 [no description available]	2.74	3	0
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	5.45	11	0	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine (2R,3S)-EHNA : EHNA of absolute configuration 2R,3S. Selective inhibitor of cGMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase (PDE2) (IC50 = 0.8 - 4 mM). Also a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase.	2.04	1	0	EHNA	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine (2S,3R)-EHNA : EHNA of absolute configuration 2S,3R.	3.41	1	0	EHNA
ezetimibe Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).	4.1	4	0	azetidines; beta-lactam; organofluorine compound	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite
ertapenem Ertapenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.. ertapenem : Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract.	3.58	2	0	carbapenemcarboxylic acid; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial drug
dx 8951 [no description available]	2.04	1	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline
phenylalanylglutamate phenylalanylglutamate: RN given refers to all L-isomer. Phe-Glu : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-glutamic acid residues.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
cox 189 lumiracoxib: a COX-2 inhibitor. lumiracoxib : An amino acid that is phenylacetic acid which is substituted at position 2 by the nitrogen of 2-chloro-6-fluoroaniline and at position 5 by a methyl group. A highly selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was briefly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, but was withdrawn due to concersns of hepatotoxicity.	4.09	4	0	amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cilomilast [no description available]	4.09	4	0	methoxybenzenes
conivaptan conivaptan : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).	4.06	4	0	benzazepine	aquaretic; vasopressin receptor antagonist
cariporide cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
tezosentan tezosentan: structure in first source	2.45	2	0
mk 767 5-((2,4-dioxo-5-thiazolidinyl)methyl)-2-methoxy-N-((4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methyl)benzamide: an antihyperlipidemic agent that also functions as an insulin sensitizer, PPARalpha agonist, and PPARgamma agonist; structure in first source	3.12	1	0
dichloro-1,2-diaminocyclohexane platinum complex [no description available]	2.13	1	0
1,4-di(2'-thienyl)-1,4-butadione 1,4-di(2'-thienyl)-1,4-butadione: structure given in first source	2.13	1	0
sabarubicin sabarubicin: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
2-chloro-2-deoxyglucose [no description available]	2.03	1	0
damvar damvar: structure	2.04	1	0
n-(mercaptoacetyl)glycine [no description available]	1.98	1	0
3-mercapto-2-methylpropionic acid 3-mercapto-2-methylpropionic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.41	2	0
moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.	4.55	7	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug
vx 497 N-3-(3-(3-methoxy-4-oxazol-5-ylphenyl)ureido)benzylcarbamic acid tetrahydrofuran-3-yl ester: structure in first source	4.39	3	0
pralnacasan pralnacasan: NSAID, ICE inhibitor & metastasis inhibitor; RN & structure in first source	3.59	2	0
clevidipine clevidipine: a calcium channel blocker and antihypertensive agent; structure in first source	3.58	2	0	dihydropyridine
ruboxistaurin ruboxistaurin: inhibits protein kinase C beta; structure in first source	2.06	1	0
jtt 501 JTT 501: an insulin sensitizer; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
solifenacin [no description available]	4.08	4	0	isoquinolines
dexmethylphenidate dexmethylphenidate : A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate in which both stereocentres have R configuration. It is the active enantiomer in the racemic drug methylphenidate.	3.23	1	0	methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate	adrenergic agent
bcx 1812 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; acetamides; cyclopentanols; guanidines	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
idazoxan hydrochloride [no description available]	2.47	2	0
isoguvacine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
xamoterol Xamoterol: A phenoxypropanolamine derivative that is a selective beta-1-adrenergic agonist.	5.35	7	2	morpholines
8-methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine 8-methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine: inhibitor of phosphodiesterase I	2.03	1	0	oxopurine
compound 20 [no description available]	3.35	7	0
desacetyl-alacepril desacetyl-alacepril: alacepril metabolite	3.58	9	0
disopyramide, (s)-isomer [no description available]	2.04	1	0
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	5.86	17	0	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
cinacalcet cinacalcet : A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group.	3.23	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; naphthalenes; secondary amino compound	calcimimetic; P450 inhibitor
bms 207940 N-((2'-(((4,5-dimethyl-3-isoxazolyl)amino)sulfonyl)-4-(2-oxazolyl)(1,1'-biphenyl)-2-yl)methyl)-N,3,3-trimethylbutanamide: an ET(A) receptor antagonist; structure in first source	3.12	1	0
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	8.69	10	0	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
bila 2157 bs BILA 2157 BS: renin inhibitor; RN given for (1S-(1R(S),2S,3R))-isomer; structure in first source	3.78	3	0
lubiprostone [no description available]	3.23	1	0
methyl 5-aminolevulinate hydrochloride methyl 5-aminolevulinate hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of methyl 5-aminolevulinate. A prodrug, it is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photosensitizer, and is used in the photodynamic treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer (including basal cell carcinoma). Topical application results in an accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in the skin lesions to which the cream has been applied. Subsequent illumination with red light results in the generation of toxic singlet oxygen that destroys cell membranes and thereby kills the tumour cells.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; prodrug
olmesartan olmesartan: an active metabolite of CS 866	9.96	11	0	biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent
nps-568 N-(2-chlorophenylpropyl)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine: NPS-568 is the ((R), HCl salt)-isomer; calcimimetic compound and calcium-sensing receptor agonist	2.96	1	0
antazoline phosphate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
telbivudine [no description available]	3.95	3	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
celastrol methyl ester celastrol methyl ester: isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii; potent inhibitory activity on both Kir2.1 and ERG1 potassium channels, leading to LONG QT SYNDROME	2.6	1	0	carboxylic ester
atrasentan Atrasentan: A pyrrolidine and benzodioxole derivative that acts a RECEPTOR, ENDOTHELIN A antagonist. It has therapeutic potential as an antineoplastic agent and for the treatment of DIABETIC NEPHROPATHIES.	2.95	4	0	pyrrolidines
resiquimod S 28463: structure given in first source	2.6	1	0	imidazoquinoline
singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.	2.21	1	0	chalcogen; monoatomic oxygen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
fenton's reagent Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols	2.39	2	0
cyc 202 seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.	2.74	3	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
angiotensin ii, asp(1)-val(5)- angiotensin II, Asp(1)-Val(5)-: RN given refers to (L-Asp-L-Val)-isomer	1.96	1	0
Serotonin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	tryptamines
n-phthaloylglutamic acid N-phthaloyl-L-glutamic acid : A glutamic acid derivative that is L-glutamic acid in which the two hydrogens on the amino group are substituted by a phthaloyl group.	2.03	1	0	L-glutamic acid derivative; phthalimides
3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid: a cardiotonic thyroid hormone analog. 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)propanoic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group. An ionotropic analogue of L-thyroxine.	5.4	4	1	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; organoiodine compound; phenols
benzo-tepa benzo-tepa: structure	2.04	1	0
tevenel tevenel: sulfamoyl analog of D-threo-chloramphenicol; structure	2.04	1	0	sulfonamide
prostaglandins b Prostaglandins B: Physiologically active prostaglandins found in many tissues and organs. They are potent pressor substances and have many other physiological activities.	1.96	1	0
ampelopsin ampelopsin: hepatoprotective agent; isolated from Hovenia dulcis; RN given for (2R-trans)-isomer; structure in first source. (+)-dihydromyricetin : An optically active form of dihydromyricetin having (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.07	1	0	dihydromyricetin; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite
an-69 AN-69: copolymer of acrylonitrile & sodium methallylsulfonate used in hemodialysis	3.08	5	0
1,3-dipropyl-7-methylxanthine 1,3-dipropyl-7-methylxanthine: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
ag 3-5 icilin: a cooling compound that activates TRPM8	2.03	1	0	C-nitro compound
centhaquine centhaquine: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
tac 278 TAC 278: prodrug of 5-fluorouracil; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	2.04	1	0
neurokinin a (4-10), nle(10)- [no description available]	2	1	0
substance p, sar(9)-met(o2)(11)- substance P, Sar(9)-Met(O2)(11)-: a neurokinin-1 receptor agonist	2	1	0
sr 43845 SR 43845: RN given refers to (S-(R,R))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89	6.97	1	0
abanoquil [no description available]	2.04	1	0
bradykinin, sar-(d-phe(8))des-arg(9) [no description available]	2.42	2	0
monoisoamyl-2,3-dimercaptosuccinate monoisoamyl-2,3-dimercaptosuccinate: monoisoamyl ester of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid	2.05	1	0
tanshinone ii a tashinone IIA: a cardiovascular agent with antineoplastic activity; isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	abietane diterpenoid
calcium pyrophosphate [no description available]	1.99	1	0
pridinol mesylate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
paromomycin Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.	3.87	3	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
anidulafungin Anidulafungin: Echinocandin antifungal agent that is used in the treatment of CANDIDEMIA and CANDIDIASIS.. anidulafungin : A semisynthetic echinocandin anti-fungal drug. It is active against Aspergillus and Candida species and is used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis.	3.58	2	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; azamacrocycle; echinocandin; heterodetic cyclic peptide; semisynthetic derivative
avasimibe [no description available]	2.05	1	0	monoterpenoid
technetium tc 99m pentetate Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate: A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents.	10.7	93	3
anacardic acid anacardic acid: isolated from Anacardium occidentale; monophenol monooxygenase inhibitor. anacardic acid : A hydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by a pentadecyl group at position 6. It is a major component of cashew nut shell liquid and exhibits an extensive range of bioactivities.	2.6	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybenzoic acid	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
n-n-propylnorapomorphine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	aporphine alkaloid
urapidil monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
bradykinin, des-phe(8)-des-arg(9)- bradykinin, des-Phe(8)-des-Arg(9)-: RN given refers to parent cpd (L)-isomer	2.38	2	0	oligopeptide	human metabolite; rat metabolite
symmetric dimethylarginine N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups at the N(omega)- and N'(omega)-positions	2.05	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; dimethylarginine; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
aminopterin Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.	2.44	2	0	dicarboxylic acid	EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; mutagen
azepexole, dihydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate 17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate: Hydroxyprogesterone derivative that acts as a PROGESTIN and is used to reduce the risk of recurrent MISCARRIAGE and of PREMATURE BIRTH. It is also used in combination with ESTROGEN in the management of MENSTRUATION DISORDERS.	3.63	2	0	corticosteroid hormone
varenicline Varenicline: A benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION.. varenicline : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking.	4.38	3	0
2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	3.11	5	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
(4r)-3-((2s)-3-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl)-4- thiazolidinecarboxylic acid [no description available]	2.69	3	0
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	21.95	1,301	78	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
abt 980 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
fiduxosin fiduxosin: fiduxosin (ABT-980) is the (3aR,9bR)-isomer; structure in first source	3.59	2	0
sk&f 75670 SK&F 75670: RN refers to HBr; N-methyl derivative of SK&F 38393	2.03	1	0
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	7.53	41	1
esatenolol esatenolol : The (S)-enantiomer of atenolol.	2.03	1	0	atenolol	beta-adrenergic antagonist
lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.	2.08	1	0
ropivacaine Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond.	2.43	2	0	piperidinecarboxamide; ropivacaine	local anaesthetic
migalastat migalastat: a potent inhibitor of glycolipid biosynthesis	2.6	1	0	piperidines
sb 203580 [no description available]	2.08	1	0	imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfoxide	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
nbi 27914 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
sb 216763 [no description available]	2.46	2	0	indoles; maleimides
erlotinib [no description available]	4.12	4	0	aromatic ether; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; terminal acetylenic compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist; protein kinase inhibitor
limonin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	epoxide; furans; hexacyclic triterpenoid; lactone; limonoid; organic heterohexacyclic compound	inhibitor; metabolite; volatile oil component
nickel monoxide [no description available]	2.15	1	0
(R)-atenolol (R)-atenolol : The (R)-enantiomer of atenolol.	2.03	1	0	atenolol
memantine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
l 158809 L 158809: RN & structure given in first source; angiotensin receptor antagonist	3.87	12	0
melagatran [no description available]	4.23	5	0	azetidines; carboxamidine; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; secondary amino compound	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; serine protease inhibitor
scutellarin scutellarin: see scutellarein for aglycone. scutellarin : The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of scutellarein.	3.89	2	1	glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor
pefabloc [no description available]	2.03	1	0
aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	2.46	2	0	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite
pongidae [no description available]	2.03	1	0
ceronapril ceronapril: structure given in first source; RN given for (S)-isomer	4.11	16	0	N-acyl-amino acid
deflazacort deflazacort: structure	3.81	3	0	corticosteroid hormone
hexestrol diphosphate [no description available]	2.04	1	0
carbocysteine Carbocysteine: A compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used as an anti-infective nasal spray with mucolytic and expectorant action.. S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine thioether that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a carboxymethyl group.	2.04	1	0	L-cysteine thioether; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	mucolytic
etravirine [no description available]	3.73	2	0	aminopyrimidine; aromatic ether; dinitrile; organobromine compound	antiviral agent; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
succinylproline [no description available]	2.91	4	0	N-acyl-amino acid
sq 14,603 2-benzyl-3-mercaptopropanoic acid: structure; carboxypeptidase inhibitor	1.96	1	0
sq 24798 2-mercaptomethyl-5-guanidinopentanoic acid: structure	1.96	1	0
cp 71362 [no description available]	2.39	2	0
es 8891 ES 8891: structure given in first source	2.38	2	0
6-(n-(4-aminobutyl)-n-ethyl)amino-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione 6-(N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-ethyl)amino-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione: forms a conjugate with progesterone; conjugate used for immunoassay of plasma progesterone	2.06	1	0	phthalazines
sb 205384 SB 205384: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	thienopyridine
5-fluorotryptamine monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
chelidonine chelidonine: benzophenanthridine derived from scoulerine from Chelidonium majus; RN given refers to parent cpd (chelidonine, (5bR-(5balpha,6beta,12alpha))-isomer)	2.6	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; alkaloid fundamental parent; benzophenanthridine alkaloid
hydrastine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	isoquinolines	metabolite
piribedil mesylate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
gabaculine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
olpadronic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0
etiron monohydrobromide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
troleandomycin Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.	2.75	3	0	acetate ester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyketide; semisynthetic derivative	EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor; xenobiotic
serc [no description available]	2.13	1	0
4-n-butylresorcinol 4-n-butylresorcinol: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	resorcinols
procyclidine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride
dronedarone Dronedarone: A non-iodinated derivative of amiodarone that is used for the treatment of ARRHYTHMIA.. dronedarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	3.23	1	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
tesaglitazar tesaglitazar: structure in first source	2.74	3	0
ramelteon ramelteon: melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor agonist	3.61	2	0	indanes
lapatinib [no description available]	4.1	4	0	furans; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; quinazolines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
bmy 7378 [no description available]	2.71	3	0
vesamicol [no description available]	2.03	1	0
darunavir Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.	3.73	2	0	carbamate ester; furofuran; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
dapivirine Dapivirine: effectively prevented human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in cocultures of monocyte-derived dendritic cells and T cells, representing primary targets in sexual transmission	2.6	1	0
deferasirox Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.	4.09	4	0	benzoic acids; monocarboxylic acid; phenols; triazoles	iron chelator
bms204352 BMS204352: a calcium-sensitive opener of maxi-K potassium channels; structure in first source	2.46	2	0
fosfluconazole fosfluconazole: prodrug of fluconazole	2.04	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	prodrug
tbc-11251 sitaxsentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist; structure in first source	3.87	3	0	benzodioxoles
tolvaptan [no description available]	3.86	3	0	benzazepine; benzenedicarboxamide	aquaretic; vasopressin receptor antagonist
sorafenib [no description available]	8.6	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
(7R)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(14),15,17-trien-13-one [no description available]	2.13	1	0	macrolide
lenalidomide [no description available]	3.61	2	0	aromatic amine; dicarboximide; isoindoles; piperidones	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; immunomodulator
regadenoson [no description available]	3.23	1	0	purine nucleoside
lacosamide Lacosamide: An acetamide derivative that acts as a blocker of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, for adjunctive or monotherapy, in the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES.	3.61	2	0	N-acyl-amino acid
cp 101,606 traxoprodil mesylate: a selective NMDA antagonist; structure given in first source	2.45	2	0
demecolcine Demecolcine: An alkaloid isolated from Colchicum autumnale L. and used as an antineoplastic.. (-)-demecolcine : A secondary amino compound that is (S)-colchicine in which the N-acetyl group is replaced by an N-methyl group. Isolable from the autumn crocus, Colchicum autumnale, it is less toxic than colchicine and is used as an antineoplastic.	2.04	1	0	alkaloid; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent
cholic acid Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.	2.46	2	0	12alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; bile acid; C24-steroid; trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.	2.05	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C29-steroid; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol	anticholesteremic drug; antioxidant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; sterol methyltransferase inhibitor
deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.	1.97	1	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human blood serum metabolite
estradiol 3-benzoate 17beta-estradiol 3-benzoate : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol.	2.43	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; benzoate ester	estrogen receptor agonist; xenoestrogen
cortisone [no description available]	2.72	3	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
equilin Equilin: An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of four double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of euilin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares.	2.13	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid
adrenosterone adrenosterone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene carrying three oxo-substituents at positions 3, 11 and 17.	2.13	1	0	11-oxo steroid; 17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid	androgen; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; marine metabolite
fludrocortisone acetate fludrocortisone acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the primary hydroxy group of fludrocortisone with acetic acid. A synthetic corticosteroid, it has glucocorticoid actions about 10 times as potent as hydrocortisone, while its mineralocorticoid actions are over 100 times as potent. It is used in partial replacement therapy for primary and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency in Addison's disease and for the treatment of salt-losing adrenal hyperplasia.	3.84	3	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; fluorinated steroid; mineralocorticoid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
gossypol acetic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0
3-nitrotyrosine 3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	2.96	4	0	2-nitrophenols; C-nitro compound; nitrotyrosine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
epinastine dexamethasone acetate: RN given refers to (11beta,16alpha)-isomer	2.13	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
sodium sulfide sodium sulfide: see also record for sodium bisulfide; actisoufre is the sodium sulfide component of sulfur-containing thermal springs which is also found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae	2.11	1	0
benzatropine methanesulfonate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
vincaleukoblastine [no description available]	3.61	2	0	acetate ester; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite
5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol : An androstane-3,17-diol that is 5alpha-androstane substituted by beta-hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a metabolite of dihydrotestosterone.	1.99	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; androstane-3,17-diol	Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite
4',6-dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavone 4',6-dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavone : A dimethoxyflavone that is the 5,7-dimethyl ether derivative of scutellarein.	2.13	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; dimethoxyflavone
2-hydroxyestradiol 2-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen; RN given refers to (17 beta)-isomer. 2-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 2-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 2.	2.13	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 2-hydroxy steroid	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug
medrysone [no description available]	2.13	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
artisone acetate [no description available]	2.13	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
vincristine sulfate [no description available]	2.97	4	0	organic sulfate salt	antineoplastic agent; geroprotector
19-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione [no description available]	1.98	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 19-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo steroid; androstanoid	mouse metabolite
nsc 74859 NSC 74859: inhibits Stat3 binding activity; structure in first source. S3I-201 : An amidobenzoic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of [(4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonyl)oxy]acetic acid with the amino group of 4-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid.	2.6	1	0	amidobenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; tosylate ester	STAT3 inhibitor
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	4.63	6	1
chondocurine (1beta)-(+-)-isomer curine: structure in first source	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether
corticosterone acetate [no description available]	1.97	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
benzarone benzarone: antihemorrhagic agent; structure	4.28	5	0	1-benzofurans
nsc-89199 estramustine phosphate : A steroid phosphate which is the 17-O-phospho derivative of estramustine.	2.74	3	0	carbamate ester; organochlorine compound; steroid phosphate
estramustine Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.	4.25	5	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; carbamate ester; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; radiation protective agent
lupeol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol	anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite
n-methylserotonin oxalate salt [no description available]	2.03	1	0
nsc 95397 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	1,4-naphthoquinones
phenethicillin phenethicillin: minor descriptor (85); major descriptor (63-84); on-line search PENICILLIN, PHENOXYMETHYL/AA (66-85); Index Medicus search PHENETHICILLIN (63-84); RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer. phenethicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-phenoxypropanamido group.	2.44	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin
berbamine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
noscapine Noscapine: A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.. (-)-noscapine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which is substituted by a 4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl group at position 1, a methylenedioxy group at positions 6-7 and a methoxy group at position 8. Obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, it lacks significant painkilling properties and is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects.	2.73	3	0	aromatic ether; benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; cyclic acetal; isobenzofuranone; organic heterobicyclic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antitussive; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
indicine-n-oxide indicine-N-oxide: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,7(2R,3S),7abeta))-isomer; structure	2.04	1	0
homoharringtonine Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.	2.05	1	0	alkaloid ester; enol ether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; protein synthesis inhibitor
acivicin [no description available]	2.96	4	0	isoxazoles; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	antileishmanial agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; glutamine antagonist; metabolite
4-methoxyxanthone 4-methoxyxanthone: a vasodilator; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
u-104 SLC-0111: a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
wortmannin [no description available]	3.64	3	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent
2-methyl-N-[4-(propan-2-ylamino)phenyl]-2-propenamide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	amine
sorbinil sorbinil: aldose reductase inhibitor. sorbinil : An azaspiro compound having a monofluoro-substituted chromane skeleton spiro-linked to an imidazolidinedione ring.	1.97	1	0	azaspiro compound; chromanes; imidazolidinone; organofluorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
arphamenine b arphamenine B: from Chromobacterium violaceum; structure given in second source	1.98	1	0
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.	3.8	3	0
7-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-(2-oxopropyl)-8-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxanyl]-1-benzopyran-4-one [no description available]	2.6	1	0	glycoside
o-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol: Semisynthetic analog of fumagillin (a cyclohexane-sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS) that inhibits angiogenesis.. O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol : A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative.	2.05	1	0	carbamate ester; organochlorine compound; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid; spiro-epoxide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor; retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist
taurochenodeoxycholic acid Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurochenodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurochenodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. taurochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of chenodeoxycholic acid.	2.07	1	0	bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
bortezomib [no description available]	4.29	5	0	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
neocryptolepine neocryptolepine: isolated from the roots of the African plant Cryptolepis sanguinolenta; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	11.4	16	0	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas	antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
tizoxanide tizoxanide: major metabolite of nitazoxanide; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	salicylamides
bardoxolone methyl methyl 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oate: structure in first source	7.13	1	0	cyclohexenones
tryptoquivaline fumitremorgin C : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a mycotoxic indole alkaloid produced by several fungi. A potent and specific inhibitor of the breast cancer resistance protein multidrug transporter.	3.15	1	0	aromatic ether; indole alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	breast cancer resistance protein inhibitor; mycotoxin
1-hydroxypentane-1,1-bisphosphonate [no description available]	2.05	1	0
cimadronate cimadronate: increases serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in rats via stimulating renal 1-hydroxylase activity; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
1,1-hydroxyoctanodiphosphonate [no description available]	2.05	1	0
nexavar [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organosulfonate salt
dihydropyridines Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.	10.17	11	1
lanatosides Lanatosides: Glycosides from DIGITALIS lanata leaf. Lanatoside C has actions similar to DIGOXIN. Mixtures of lanatosides A, B, and C have also been used. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p670)	1.97	1	0
permanganate [no description available]	2.57	2	0	manganese oxoacid
leupeptins Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.	3.23	6	0
rimiterol rimiterol: was heading 1977-94 (see under CATECHOLS 1977-90); use CATECHOLS to search RIMITEROL 1977-94; predominantly a beta 2 stimulant, therefore affects the cardiovascular system less than isoproterenol, but its action is of shorter duration than that of albuterol	2.73	3	0	catechols
lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.	2.76	3	0	inorganic chloride; lithium salt	antimanic drug; geroprotector
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	7.01	1	0
dithiothreitol [no description available]	2.06	1	0	1,4-dithiothreitol
mannose-6-phosphate beta-D-mannose 6-phosphate : A D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	2.06	1	0	D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate
fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.	3.82	4	0	peptide
bradykinin [no description available]	16.03	395	20	oligopeptide	human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent
canavanine L-canavanine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-homoserine substituted at oxygen with a guanidino (carbamimidamido) group. Although structurally related to L-arginine, it is non-proteinogenic.	2.03	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite
glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.	2.97	4	0	D-glucosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite
elastin [no description available]	7.96	4	0	oligopeptide
carnosine polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth	7.03	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; dipeptide	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Daphnia magna metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent
raffinose Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.	2.06	1	0	raffinose family oligosaccharide; trisaccharide	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
naringenin (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.	2.46	2	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin	expectorant; plant metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan hydroxytryptophan : A hydroxy-amino acid that is tryptophan substituted by at least one hydroxy group at unspecified position.. 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan : The L-enantiomer of 5-hydroxytryptophan.	2.03	1	0	5-hydroxytryptophan; amino acid zwitterion; hydroxy-L-tryptophan; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
diaminopimelic acid Diaminopimelic Acid: A diamino derivative of heptanedioic acid with amino groups at C-2 and C-6 and the general formula (COOH)CH(NH2)CH2CH2CH2CH(NH2)(COOH).. LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid : A 2,6-diaminopimelic acid in which both chiral centres have S configuration. It is a component of bacterial cell wall.	2.52	2	0	2,6-diaminopimelic acid; amino acid zwitterion	Escherichia coli metabolite
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	4.48	7	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
dithioerythritol [no description available]	2	1	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol	reducing agent
cysteinylglycine cysteinylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemlne 7/13/83. L-cysteinylglycine : A dipeptide consisting of glycine having an L-cysteinyl attached to its alpha-amino group. It is an intermediate metabolite in glutathione metabolism.	2.06	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	11.68	17	1	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
amastatin amastatin: structure; inhibits aminopeptidase. amastatin : A tetrapeptide comprising (2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-5-methylhexanoyl, L-valyl, L-valyl and L-aspartic acid units joined in sequence	4.73	30	0	tetrapeptide	EC 3.4.11.* (aminopeptidase) inhibitor; protease inhibitor
puromycin [no description available]	3.76	11	0	puromycins	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor; nucleoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor
taxifolin (+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.04	1	0	taxifolin	metabolite
mandelic acid, (s)-isomer [no description available]	2.13	1	0	(2S)-2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; mandelic acid
tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of Serine Endopeptidases. Acts as alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.. N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone : The N-tosyl derivative of L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone.	2.47	2	0	alpha-chloroketone; sulfonamide	alkylating agent; serine proteinase inhibitor
pentostatin Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.	4.78	5	0	coformycins	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
monoiodotyrosine Monoiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of tyrosine. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE), tyrosine is first iodized to monoiodotyrosine.. iodotyrosine : A tyrosine derivative which has at least one iodo-substituent on the benzyl moiety.. monoiodotyrosine : An iodotyrosine carrying a single iodo substituent.. 3-iodo-L-tyrosine : The monoiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying an iodo-substituent at position C-3 of the benzyl group.	2.44	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-tyrosine derivative; monoiodotyrosine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
taurolithocholic acid Taurolithocholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from lithocholic acid conjugation with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It solubilizes fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurolithocholic acid : The bile acid taurine conjugate of lithocholic acid.	2.75	3	0	bile acid taurine conjugate; monocarboxylic acid amide	human metabolite
nitroarginine Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.	4.07	15	0	guanidines; L-arginine derivative; N-nitro compound; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
willardiine willardiine: isolated from seeds of Acacia willariana; structure. 3-(uracil-1-yl)-L-alanine : The 3-(uracil-1-yl) derivative of L-alanine.	2.03	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
inositol 3-phosphate inositol 3-phosphate: RN given refers to (myo)-isomer	2.02	1	0
cortodoxone Cortodoxone: 17,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid with glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory activities.. 11-deoxycortisol : A deoxycortisol that is cortisol in which the hydroxy group at position 11 has been replaced by a hydrogen.	2.72	3	0	deoxycortisol; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
(+)-limonene (4R)-limonene : An optically active form of limonene having (4R)-configuration.	2.46	2	0	limonene	plant metabolite
arbutin hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.6	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
strychnine Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.	7.38	2	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	avicide; cholinergic antagonist; glycine receptor antagonist; neurotransmitter agent; rodenticide
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	6.04	21	0	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
conessine conessine : A steroid alkaloid that is con-5-enine substituted by a N,N-dimethylamino group at position 3. It has been isolated from the plant species of the family Apocynaceae.	2.6	1	0	steroid alkaloid; tertiary amino compound	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; H3-receptor antagonist; plant metabolite
meropenem Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.	10.38	17	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; carbapenemcarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; drug allergen
griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.	5.15	8	0	1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite
cefoxitin Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.	4.52	7	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; cephamycin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.	12.47	15	3	cardenolide glycoside	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
moxalactam disodium [no description available]	2.73	3	0
saquinavir Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.	5.95	13	0	L-asparagine derivative; quinolines	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
pancuronium Pancuronium: A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.. pancuronium : A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant.	3.85	3	0	acetate ester; steroid ester	cholinergic antagonist; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
rocuronium Rocuronium: An androstanol non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. It has a mono-quaternary structure and is a weaker nicotinic antagonist than PANCURONIUM.. rocuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.	2.04	1	0	3alpha-hydroxy steroid; acetate ester; androstane; morpholines; quaternary ammonium ion; tertiary amino compound	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent
abacavir abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.	4.68	8	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; drug allergen; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
netilmicin Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.	3.29	6	0
acebutolol hydrochloride acebutolol hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of acebutolol, prepared using equimolar amounts of acebutolol and hydrogen chloride.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympathomimetic agent
trimethaphan camsylate trimethaphan camsylate : The (S)-camphorsulfonate salt of trimethaphan.	2.4	2	0
perindopril erbumine [no description available]	2.08	1	0	addition compound	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
miglitol [no description available]	4.26	5	0	piperidines
amiodarone hydrochloride [no description available]	2.47	2	0	aromatic ketone
mometasone furoate Mometasone Furoate: A pregnadienediol derivative ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT that is used in the management of ASTHMA and ALLERGIC RHINITIS. It is also used as a topical treatment for skin disorders.	2.46	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 2-furoate ester; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; organochlorine compound; steroid ester	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
dicyclomine hydrochloride dicyclomine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dicyclomine. An anticholinergic, it is used to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.	2.47	2	0	hydrochloride	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
metyrosine alpha-methyl-L-tyrosine : An L-tyrosine derivative that consists of L-tyrosine bearing an additional methyl substituent at position 2. An inhibitor of the enzyme tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with pheochromocytoma.	4.06	4	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor
rocuronium bromide rocuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.	2.45	2	0	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent
nortriptyline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.98	4	0	organic tricyclic compound	geroprotector
erythromycin estolate Erythromycin Estolate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It is the lauryl sulfate salt of the propionic ester of erythromycin. This erythromycin salt acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.	2.75	3	0	aminoglycoside sulfate salt; erythromycin derivative	enzyme inhibitor
kanamycin sulfate [no description available]	2.46	2	0	aminoglycoside sulfate salt	antibacterial drug; geroprotector
paromomycin sulfate paromomycin sulfate : An aminoglycoside sulfate salt resulting from the treatment of paromomycin with sulfuric acid. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.	2.74	3	0
terconazole terconazole: structure & RN for (cis)-isomer from first source. terconazole : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (2R,4S)- and (2S,4R)-terconazole. It has broad-spectrum antifungal activitiy and is used for the treatment of vaginal yeast infections (Candida).. (2R,4S)-terconazole : A 1-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-4-isopropylpiperazine in which positions 2 and 4 of the 1,3-dioxolane moiety have R and S configuration, respectively.	2.02	1	0	1-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-4-isopropylpiperazine
bacampicillin bacampicillin: ester prodrug that is hydrolyzed to ampicillin after its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bacampicillin : A penicillanic acid ester that is the 1-ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl ester of ampicillin. It is a semi-synthetic, microbiologically inactive prodrug of ampicillin.	2.43	2	0	penicillanic acid ester	prodrug
linezolid [no description available]	4.58	7	0	acetamides; morpholines; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone	antibacterial drug; protein synthesis inhibitor
canaline canaline: structure	2.05	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite
stevioside stevioside: Kaurene glucoside from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana; 300 times as sweet as sugar. stevioside : A diterpene glycoside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the allylic beta-D-glucoside has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. It is a natural herbal sweetener that is 250-300 times sweeter than sucrose (though with a bitter aftertaste), extracted from the Stevia rebaudiana plant native to South America.. diterpene glycoside : A terpene glycoside in which the terpene moiety is a diterpenoid.	2.21	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; bridged compound; diterpene glycoside; ent-kaurane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sweetening agent
angustibalin angustibalin: sesquiterpene lactone from Balduina angustifolia (Pursh) Robins; structure	2.04	1	0	sesquiterpene lactone
cephaelin cephaelin: do not confuse with cephalin of brain; after emetine this is the most important alkaloid of ipecac; protein synthesis inhibitor. cephaeline : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having a hydroxy group at the 6'-position and methoxy substituents at the 7'-, 10- and 11-positions.	2.6	1	0	pyridoisoquinoline
picrotoxinin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	epoxide; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid; tertiary alcohol	GABA antagonist; plant metabolite; serotonergic antagonist
patchouli alcohol patchouli alcohol: major component of the essential oil of patchouli; perfumery raw material. patchouli alcohol : A carbotricyclic compound and sesquiterpenoid tertiary alcohol that is tricyclo[5.3.1.0(3,8)]undecan-3-ol which is substituted at positions 2, 2, 6 and 8 by methyl groups (the 1R,3R,6S,7S,8S-diastereoisomer).	2.6	1	0
naringin [no description available]	3.57	2	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; neohesperidoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
(-)-usnic acid (-)-usnic acid : The (-)-enantiomer of usnic acid.	2.6	1	0	usnic acid	EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
Dubinidine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle
cyclopamine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	piperidines	glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	2.78	3	0
acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal: a proteasome inhibitor. acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal : A tripeptide composed of N-acetylleucyl, leucyl and norleucinal residues joined in sequence.	2.6	1	0	aldehyde; tripeptide	cysteine protease inhibitor
s-(4-azidophenacyl)glutathione S-(4-azidophenacyl)glutathione: photoaffinity label deriv of glutathione; inhibits glyoxalase I (EC 4.4.1.5)	2.03	1	0	peptide
temocaprilat temocaprilat: the diacid of temocapril; active metabolite of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (CS-622); RN refers to (2S-(2alpha,6beta(R*))) isomer; structure in first source	2.42	2	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
bq 123 cyclo(Trp-Asp-Pro-Val-Leu): derived from the modification of a natural lead of BE-18257B, an endothelin A receptor antagonist; has neuroprotective activity; amino acid sequence given in first source	3.16	5	0	cyclic peptide
e 3040 E 3040: a dual inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase and thromboxane A2 synthetase; structure given in first source	3.54	2	0	benzothiazoles; organic hydroxy compound; pyridines; secondary amino compound	anti-inflammatory drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; uricosuric drug
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.	3.09	5	0	tripeptide
hydroxylamine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	organic molecular entity
devazepide Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.	2.45	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; indolecarboxamide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cholecystokinin antagonist; gastrointestinal drug
teprotide Teprotide: A synthetic nonapeptide (Pyr-Trp-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln-Ile-Pro-Pro) which is identical to the peptide from the venom of the snake, Bothrops jararaca. It inhibits kininase II and ANGIOTENSIN I and has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.	11.95	96	3	peptide
candoxatrilat candoxatrilat: USAN lists candoxatrilat (UK-73,967) with RN 123122-54-3. candoxatrilat : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation between the amino group of cis-4-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid and the cyclopentanecarboxylic acid group of 1-[(2S)-2-carboxy-3-(2-methoxyethoxy)propyl]cyclopentanecarboxylic acid. A potent inhibitor of neutral endopeptidase (NEP, neprilysin, EC 3.4.24.11), it is used as its 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl ester prodrug in the treatment of chronic heart failure.	3.1	1	0
chloramphenicol palmitate chloramphenicol palmitate: RN given refers to ((R-(R,R))-isomer)	2.46	2	0	hexadecanoate ester
clindamycin phosphate [no description available]	3.23	1	0
sb 228357 SB 228357: a neuroleptic with equivalent or higher antagonist affinity for 5-HT2 than for dopamine D2 receptor	2.03	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
diprenorphine Diprenorphine: A narcotic antagonist similar in action to NALOXONE. It is used to remobilize animals after ETORPHINE neuroleptanalgesia and is considered a specific antagonist to etorphine.	1.97	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine : A glycine derivative that is L-alpha-phenylglycine substituted at positions 3 and 5 on the phenyl ring by hydroxy groups.	2.03	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; resorcinols
actinonin actinonin: natural hydroxamic acid, pseudopeptide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces species; structure	2.72	3	0
calcium pantothenate [no description available]	2.46	2	0	polymer
pemirolast potassium salt [no description available]	2.08	1	0
eplerenone Eplerenone: A spironolactone derivative and selective ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the management of HYPERTENSION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, post-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	4.36	3	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; epoxy steroid; gamma-lactone; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; steroid acid ester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent
temocapril hydrochloride temocapril hydrochloride: structure given in first source	3.09	5	0	dipeptide
temocapril [no description available]	2.01	1	0	dipeptide
tolterodine [no description available]	4.26	5	0	tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant
difluprednate difluprednate: RN given refers to (6alpha,11beta)-isomer	2.13	1	0	butyrate ester; corticosteroid hormone
doxorubicin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.75	3	0	anthracycline
metrizamide Metrizamide: A solute for density gradient centrifugation offering higher maximum solution density without the problems of increased viscosity. It is also used as a resorbable, non-ionic contrast medium.	2.04	1	0	amino sugar
medigoxin Medigoxin: A semisynthetic digitalis glycoside with the general properties of DIGOXIN but more rapid onset of action. Its cardiotonic action is prolonged by its demethylation to DIGOXIN in the liver. It has been used in the treatment of congestive heart failure (HEART FAILURE).	2.42	2	0	cardenolide glycoside
dironyl dironyl: pronounced antifertility agent in rats; lactation suppressor in other species; serotonin antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.44	2	0	organic molecular entity
erythromycin ethylsuccinate Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin ethylsuccinate : A erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydroxy group at position 3R is substituted by a (4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy group. It is used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections.	2.44	2	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin derivative; ethyl ester; succinate ester
vinpocetine vinpocetine: whole issue of Arzneim Forsch (23 articles) discuss this drug; Arzneim Forsch 26(10a);1976; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	2.47	2	0	alkaloid	geroprotector
amcinonide amcinonide: structure	2.46	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; spiroketal	anti-inflammatory drug
betamethasone acetate [no description available]	2.02	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; acetate ester; fluorinated steroid; steroid ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
flumethasone pivalate flumethasone pivalate: structure	2.13	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; pivalate ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug
ao 128 AO 128: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure given in first source	2.47	2	0	organic molecular entity
loteprednol etabonate Loteprednol Etabonate: An androstadiene derivative corticosteroid that is used as an ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT for the treatment of inflammatory and allergic eye conditions.	2.08	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; etabonate ester; organochlorine compound; steroid acid ester; steroid ester	anti-inflammatory drug
darifenacin darifenacin : 2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence.	3.58	2	0	1-benzofurans; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidines	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
dihydroergocristine monomesylate dihydroergocristine mesylate : The methanesulfonic acid salt of dihydroergocristine. It has been used as the for the symptomatic treatment of mental deterioration associated with cerebrovascular insufficiency and in peripheral vascular disease. It is also a component of ergoloid mesylate (codergocrine mesilate), a mixture of ergot alkaloid derivatives that is used as a vasodilator and has shown mild benefits in the treatment of vascular dementia.	2.47	2	0	methanesulfonate salt	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
fluticasone propionate fluticasone propionate : A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a propionyl substituent at position 17; has anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic activity.	2.46	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; propanoate ester; steroid ester; thioester	adrenergic agent; anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; dermatologic drug
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.69	3	0	cyclodextrin
acarbose [no description available]	3.55	8	0	amino cyclitol; glycoside
maleic acid maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.	2.96	4	0	butenedioic acid	algal metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
trichostatin a trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES	2.55	2	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; hydroxamic acid; trichostatin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	5.02	12	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	4.87	11	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
alpha-cyclodextrin alpha-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of six alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.	2.46	2	0	cyclodextrin
phosphoramidon phosphoramidon: a membrane metallo-endopeptidase & endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor; thermolysin inhibitor from culture filtrate of Streptomyces tanashiensis; structure. phosphoramidon : A dipeptide isolated from the cultures of Streptomyces tanashiensis.	8.08	88	3	deoxyaldohexose phosphate; dipeptide	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.4.24.11 (neprilysin) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.71 (endothelin-converting enzyme 1) inhibitor
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	3.18	5	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	9.06	4	0	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
cyanoginosin lr cyanoginosin LR: cyclic heptapeptide from cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. microcystin-LR : A microcystin consisting of D-alanyl, L-leucyl, (3S)-3-methyl-D-beta-aspartyl,L-arginyl, 2S,3S,4E,6E,8S,9S)-3-amino-4,5,6,7-tetradehydro-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldecanoyl, D-gamma-glutamyl, and 2,3-didehydro-N-methylalanyl residues joined into a 25-membered macrocycle. Produced by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, it is the most studied of the microcystins.	2.77	3	0	microcystin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.	2.05	1	0	D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
docosahexaenoate efalex: a mixture of fish oil and primrose oil; used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid fatty acid supplement. docosahexaenoic acid : Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.. docosahexaenoate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.. all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid : A docosahexaenoic acid having six cis-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19.	2.05	1	0	docosahexaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	algal metabolite; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	7.95	4	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	11.49	13	1	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	1.97	1	0	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
cerivastatin cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.	3.44	7	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pyridines; statin (synthetic)
rosuvastatin rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).	4.41	6	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrimidines; statin (synthetic); sulfonamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; cardioprotective agent; CETP inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	9.9	8	1	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.	4.01	4	0	icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.	2.44	2	0	butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	5.94	7	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
tetragastrin Tetragastrin: L-Tryptophyl-L-methionyl-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalaninamide. The C-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin. It is the smallest peptide fragment of gastrin which has the same physiological and pharmacological activity as gastrin.. tetragastrin : A tetrapeptide composed of L-tryptophan, L-methione, L-aspartic acid and L-phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence.	1.97	1	0	peptidyl amide; tetrapeptide	anxiogenic; human metabolite
mupirocin Mupirocin: A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.. mupirocin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.	2.45	2	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester; epoxide; monocarboxylic acid; oxanes; secondary alcohol; triol	antibacterial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.	4.54	7	0
brivudine brivudine: anti-herpes agent	4.41	4	0
5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene-2,8-diol 5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene-2,8-diol: estrogen receptor ligand; structure in first source. (R,R)-5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydro-2,8-chrysenediol : A carbotetracyclic compound that is 5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 8 and by ethyl groups at positions 5 and 11 (the 5R,11R-stereoisomer). It is an agonist of ER-alpha and antagonist of ER-beta receptors.	2.03	1	0	carbotetracyclic compound; polyphenol	estrogen receptor agonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent
lycopene [no description available]	2.6	1	0	acyclic carotene	antioxidant; plant metabolite
fosfomycin Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.	4.86	10	0	epoxide; phosphonic acids	antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	6.58	14	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
formycin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	formycin	antineoplastic agent
2-amino-3-(5-tert-butyl-3-(phosphonomethoxy)-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid 2-amino-3-(5-tert-butyl-3-(phosphonomethoxy)-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
drf 2725 ragaglitazar: a phenoxazine analogue of phenyl propanoic acid; Ragaglitazar is a coligand of PPARalpha and PPARgamma	2.75	3	0
adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide) Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.. N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group.	2.75	3	0	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; adenosine A2A receptor agonist; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
mln 4760 2-(1-carboxy-2-(3-(3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl)ethylamino)-4-methylpentanoic acid: MLN-4760 is the (S,S)-isomer; an ACE2 inhibitor; structure in first source. MLN-4760 : A L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine in which a hydrogen of the primary amino group is substituted by a (1S)-1-carboxy-3-methylbutyl group and the ring NH group is substituted by a 3,5-dichlorobenzyl group. It is a potent and selective human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibitor (IC50 = 0.44 nM) which was in clinical development for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.	2.81	3	0	dichlorobenzene; L-histidine derivative; L-leucine derivative	anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.4.17.23 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) inhibitor
cgp 38560a [no description available]	3.1	1	0
prostaglandin d2 Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer).	1.99	1	0	prostaglandins D	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.	3.13	5	0	olefinic compound; polyphenol	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen
bms 214662 7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-3-(phenylmethyl)-4-(2-thienylsulfonyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine: a farnesyltransferase inhibitor; structure in first source. BMS-214662 : A member of the class of benzodiazepines that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine substituted by (1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl, benzyl, (thiophen-2-yl)sulfonyl, and cyano groups at positions 1, 3R, 4 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of farnesyltransferase (IC50 = 1.35nM) which was under clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors.	3.61	2	0	benzenes; benzodiazepine; imidazoles; nitrile; sulfonamide; thiophenes	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor
octreotide [no description available]	3.23	1	0
eptifibatide [no description available]	3.58	2	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; macrocycle; organic disulfide	anticoagulant; platelet aggregation inhibitor
histidyl-proline diketopiperazine cyclo(L-His-L-Pro) : A homodetic cyclic peptide resulting from the formal condensation of both the amino and acid groups of L-histidine with the acid and amino groups of L-proline. It is a metabolite of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).	2.13	1	0	dipeptide; homodetic cyclic peptide; imidazoles; pyrrolopyrazine	anti-inflammatory agent; dopamine uptake inhibitor; human blood serum metabolite
alitretinoin Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.	2.05	1	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; metabolite; retinoid X receptor agonist
roflumilast [no description available]	3.92	2	0	aromatic ether; benzamides; chloropyridine; cyclopropanes; organofluorine compound	anti-asthmatic drug; phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
L-cycloserine L-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has S configuration. An antibiotic isolated from Erwinia uredovora.	2.52	2	0	4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one	anti-HIV agent; anticonvulsant; EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor
h 89 N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	4.39	3	0	N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
gs 4071 GS 4071: The acid form.. oseltamivir acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3, 4, and 5 by pentan-3-yloxy, acetamido, and amino groups, respectively (the 3R,4R,5S enantiomer). An antiviral drug, it is used as the corresponding ethyl ester prodrug, oseltamivir, to slow the spread of influenza.	2.74	3	0	acetate ester; amino acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; marine xenobiotic metabolite
afimoxifene afimoxifene : A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen.	2.13	1	0	phenols; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; estrogen receptor antagonist; metabolite
imidazolidines [no description available]	6.36	11	4	azacycloalkane; imidazolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
decitabine [no description available]	4.26	5	0	2'-deoxyribonucleoside
1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-arabinitol [no description available]	2.03	1	0
sm 8668 Sch 39304: Sch 42427 is the active entantiomer of the antifungal agent Sch 39304 which consists of Sch 42426 & Sch 42427; Sch 42426, the (S,S)-isomer, is inactive	2.45	2	0
teniposide [no description available]	4.54	7	0	aromatic ether; beta-D-glucoside; cyclic acetal; furonaphthodioxole; gamma-lactone; monosaccharide derivative; phenols; thiophenes	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
troxacitabine troxacitabine: shows good anti-HIV activity without cytotoxicity	2.04	1	0	carbohydrate derivative; nucleobase-containing molecular entity
valrubicin [no description available]	2.08	1	0	anthracycline; trifluoroacetamide
ketoconazole (2R,4S)-ketoconazole : A cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine which dioxolane moiety has (2R,4S)-configuration.	2.53	2	0	cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine
purvalanol a 6-((3-chloro)anilino)-2-(isopropyl-2-hydroxyethylamino)-9-isopropylpurine: purvalanol A is the (1R)-isomer;	2.45	2	0	purvalanol
cefamandole Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.	3.29	6	0	cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	4.25	5	0	actinomycin	mutagen
gamma-sitosterol clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.	2.42	2	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols	marine metabolite; plant metabolite
bevirimat bevirimat: an HIV inhibitor; disrupts late step in processing HIV Major Core Protein p24, preventing the capsid precursor p25 from being converted to mature capsid p24. bevirimat : A pentacyclic triterpenoid obtained by the formal condensation of 2,2-dimethylsuccinic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of betulinic acid. It is isolated from the Chinese herb Syzygium claviflorum. The first in the class of HIV-1 maturation inhibitors to be studied in humans, bevirimat was identified as a potent HIV drug candidate and several clinical trials were conducted, but development into a new drug was plagued by numerous resistance-related problems.	2.6	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	HIV-1 maturation inhibitor; metabolite
tiazofurin tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).	2.95	4	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-glycosyl compound; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; prodrug
aphidicolin Aphidicolin: An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.. aphidicolin : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that has an tetradecahydro-8,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene skeleton with two hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 4 and 9, two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 11b and two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. An antibiotic with antiviral and antimitotical properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication.	2.13	1	0	tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimicrobial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; apoptosis inducer; Aspergillus metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite
azaserine Azaserine: Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.. azaserine : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of diazoacetic acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of L-serine. An antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species.	2.98	4	0	carboxylic ester; diazo compound; L-serine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	antifungal agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; glutamine antagonist; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	4.85	10	0	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
sitafloxacin [no description available]	2.74	3	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolines; quinolone antibiotic
enkephalin, leucine Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.	4.96	39	0	pentapeptide; peptide zwitterion	analgesic; delta-opioid receptor agonist; human metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; rat metabolite
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.	3.57	2	0	amino aldehyde; carbamate ester; tripeptide	proteasome inhibitor
tenofovir tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.	5.19	8	0	nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
prinomastat prinomastat: a diazepine-based hydroxamic acid inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor; angiogenesis inhibitor;. prinomastat : A hydroxamic acid that is (3S)-N-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylthiomorpholine-3-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the thiomorpholine nitrogen has been replaced by a [4-(pyridin-4-yloxy)phenyl]sulfonyl group. It is a selective inhibitor with of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2, 3, 9, 13, and 14.	3.1	1	0	aromatic ether; hydroxamic acid; pyridines; sulfonamide; thiomorpholines	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.24.35 (gelatinase B) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
posaconazole [no description available]	3.95	3	0	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxolanes; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	trypanocidal drug
dibekacin Dibekacin: Analog of KANAMYCIN with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.. dibekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B lacking the 3- and 4-hydroxy groups on the 2,6-diaminosugar ring.	2.04	1	0	kanamycins	antibacterial agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
gw 257406x maribavir: has antiviral activity against human cytomegalovirus	2.6	1	0
rubitecan rubitecan: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; anti-HIV agent; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I inhibitor. rubitecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin.	2.47	2	0	C-nitro compound; delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; semisynthetic derivative; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
micafungin Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy.	3.86	3	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; echinocandin	antiinfective agent
shikonin shikonin: a naphthazarin; has antineoplastic and angiogenesis inhibiting activities	2.6	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
4,4-difluoro-N-[(1S)-3-[3-(3-methyl-5-propan-2-yl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]-1-phenylpropyl]-1-cyclohexanecarboxamide [no description available]	2.6	1	0	tropane alkaloid
cmx 001 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
amd 8664 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
bay 41-4109 BAY 41-4109: structure in first source	2.6	1	0
bay 57-1293 pritelivir: herpes simplex virus 1 helicase-primase inhibitor	2.6	1	0
riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).	4.05	4	0	flavin; vitamin B2	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
maltitol maltitol : An alpha-D-glucoside consisting of D-glucitol having an alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 4-position. Used as a sugar substitute.	2.13	1	0	alpha-D-glucoside; glycosyl alditol	laxative; metabolite; sweetening agent
2'-c-methylcytidine 2'-C-methylcytidine: structure in first source	2.6	1	0
isoxanthohumol isoxanthohumol: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	flavanones
sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.	6.2	10	1	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antacid; food anticaking agent
sodium acetate, anhydrous Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	NMR chemical shift reference compound
sodium benzoate Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
arsenic trioxide Tetraarsenic Oxide: A form of As2O3 that exists as As4O6 in the solid state. It dissociates to As2O3 upon heating to the vapor phase above 800 degrees Celsius.	3.86	3	0	arsenic oxide	antineoplastic agent; insecticide
dipyrone Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.	4.12	3	1	organic sodium salt	anti-inflammatory agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug; prodrug
ditiocarb sodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
bromochloroacetic acid Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.	1.97	1	0	2-bromocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound
4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-n-hydroxybutanamide 4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-N-hydroxybutanamide: a c-FLIP inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether
icd 1578 7-N-phenylcarbamoylamino-4-chloro-3-propyloxyisocoumarin: structure in first source	1.99	1	0
Tetrahydropiperine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzodioxoles
4-[[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methyl]-2,6-ditert-butylphenol [no description available]	2.04	1	0	alkylbenzene
mecarbinate [no description available]	2.6	1	0
idarubicin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0	anthracycline
aceglatone aceglatone: structure in Merck	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
sch 22219 alclometasone dipropionate : A prednisolone compound having an alpha-chloro substituent at the 7-position, an alpha-methyl substituent at the 16-position and O-propanoyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.	2.02	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; propanoate ester; steroid ester	anti-inflammatory drug
sr 90107 fondaparinux sodium : An organic sodium salt, being the decasodium salt of fondaparinux.	3.23	1	0
carbenoxolone sodium Carbenoxolone: An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity.	2.46	2	0	triterpenoid
carbenoxolone [no description available]	2.74	3	0
cefpiramide cefpiramide: antipseudomonal cephalosporin derivative. cefpiramide : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (R)-2-{[(4-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino}-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity.	2.02	1	0	carboxylic acid; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
meglumine iodipamide [no description available]	3.23	1	0	organoammonium salt	radioopaque medium
tenatoprazole Tenatoprazole: structure in first source	2.07	1	0	imidazopyridine
rhapontin rhapontin: constituent of rhubarb rhizome	2.15	1	0	rhaponticin	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
glycosides [no description available]	2.17	1	0
chalcone trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone.	2.52	2	0	chalcone	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	3.58	9	0	isomethyleugenol
retinaldehyde Retinaldehyde: A diterpene derived from the carotenoid VITAMIN A which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is the prosthetic group of RHODOPSIN (i.e., covalently bonded to ROD OPSIN as 11-cis-retinal). When stimulated by visible light, rhodopsin transforms this cis-isomer of retinal to the trans-isomer (11-trans-retinal). This transformation straightens-out the bend of the retinal molecule and causes a change in the shape of rhodopsin triggering the visual process. A series of energy-requiring enzyme-catalyzed reactions convert the 11-trans-retinal back to the cis-isomer.. all-trans-retinal : A retinal in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	1.97	1	0	retinal; vitamin A	gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
piperine piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.	2.05	1	0	benzodioxoles; N-acylpiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary carboxamide	food component; human blood serum metabolite; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	2.77	3	0	stilbene
thermospine thermospine: structure given in first source	2.13	1	0
isoliquiritigenin [no description available]	2.44	2	0	chalcones	antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; GABA modulator; geroprotector; metabolite; NMDA receptor antagonist
thyrotropin-releasing hormone PR 546: no other info available 9/89. protirelin : A tripeptide composed of L-pyroglutamyl, L-histidyl and L-prolinamide residues joined in sequence.	3.23	1	0	peptide hormone; tripeptide	human metabolite
dibenzylidene acetone dibenzylidene acetone: structure in first source	2.13	1	0
ilepcimide ilepcimide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to compound with no isomeric designation	2.05	1	0	benzodioxoles
rauwolscine Rauwolscine: A stereoisomer of yohimbine.	2.03	1	0	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate
discodermolide [no description available]	2.05	1	0	diterpenoid
cannabidiol Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.	2.05	1	0	olefinic compound; phytocannabinoid; resorcinols	antimicrobial agent; plant metabolite
malonyl coenzyme a Malonyl Coenzyme A: A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.. omega-carboxyacyl-CoA : An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid.	2.05	1	0	malonyl-CoAs	EC 2.3.1.21 (carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
lypressin Lypressin: The porcine antidiuretic hormone (VASOPRESSINS). It is a cyclic nonapeptide that differs from ARG-VASOPRESSIN by one amino acid, containing a LYSINE at residue 8 instead of an ARGININE. Lys-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.	2.66	3	0	cyclic peptide
arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.	15.86	88	4	vasopressin	cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen
gw9662 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide: pretreatment of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors with GW9662 results in the irreversible loss of ligand binding	2.03	1	0	benzamides
s 1033 [no description available]	3.23	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; imidazoles; pyridines; pyrimidines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
calmidazolium calmidazolium chloride : The organic choride salt of calmidazolium.	2.03	1	0	organic chloride salt	apoptosis inducer; calmodulin antagonist
acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal: a capase inhibitor. Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-H : A tetrapeptide consisting of two L-aspartic acid residues, an L-glutamyl residue and an L-valine residue with an acetyl group at the N-terminal and with the C-terminal carboxy group reduced to an aldehyde. It is an inhibitor of caspase-3/7.	2.6	1	0	tetrapeptide	protease inhibitor
4-methoxy-1,3-dimethyl-6-thiophen-2-yl-8-cyclohepta[c]furanone [no description available]	2.13	1	0	cycloheptafuran
5-[(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-3-furanyl)methoxy]-2-methyl-3-benzofurancarboxylic acid 2-methoxyethyl ester [no description available]	2.13	1	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; benzofurans
5,6,7-trimethoxy-1-methyl-2-indolecarboxylic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
haplamine haplamine: isolated from Haplophyllum acutifolium; structure in first source	2.13	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle
mezlocillin Mezlocillin: Semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin. It has been proposed for infections with certain anaerobes and may be useful in inner ear, bile, and CNS infections.. mezlocillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2R)-2-[3-(methanesulfonyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.96	4	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
amygdalin (R)-amygdalin : An amygdalin in which the stereocentre on the cyanohydrin function has R-configuration.	2.46	2	0	amygdalin	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
trilostane trilostane: inhibits conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone; adrenal blocking agent used in treatment of Cushing's syndrome. trilostane : An epoxy steroid that is 3,17beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-androst-2-ene-2-carbonitrile in which the oxygen of the epoxy group is joined to the 4alpha and 5 alpha positions.	2.08	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid; epoxy steroid; nitrile	abortifacient; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.210 [3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase] inhibitor
methylatropine methylatropine: RN given refers to endo-(+-)-isomer; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #3766	2.65	3	0
bucillamine [no description available]	3.54	2	0	organic molecular entity
canrenoic acid Canrenoic Acid: A synthetic pregnadiene derivative with anti-aldosterone activity.	6.78	10	7	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; monocarboxylic acid; steroid acid
omapatrilat omapatrilat: structure in first source	4.03	14	0	dipeptide
cholinophyllin [no description available]	2.02	1	0
mitobronitol Mitobronitol: Brominated analog of MANNITOL which is an antineoplastic agent appearing to act as an alkylating agent.	2.04	1	0	alcohol; organobromine compound
tropisetron hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
tropisetron Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.. tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.	3.53	2	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
benidipine benidipine: RN refers to (R,R)-(+-)-isomer	2.68	3	0
sodium metabisulfite sodium metabisulfite: request from searcher; RN given refers to disulfurous acid, di-Na salt. sodium disulfite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and disulfite ions in a 2:1 ratio.	2.15	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	food antioxidant
Reactive blue 2 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	anthraquinone
5,6-dichloro-1-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2h-benzimidazol-2-one 5,6-dichloro-1-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one: stimulates Cl- secretion in the mouse jejunum	2.03	1	0	dichlorobenzene
quinidine sulfate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
leuprolide acetate leuprolide acetate : An acetate salt obtained by combining the nonapeptide leuprolide with acetic acid. A long lasting GnRH analog, LH-Rh agonist. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.	2.08	1	0	acetate salt	antineoplastic agent; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
leuprolide Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.	2.97	4	0	oligopeptide	anti-estrogen; antineoplastic agent; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
octotropine methylbromide octotropine methylbromide: minor descriptor (65-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search TROPANES (69-86); RN given refers to endo-isomer. anisotropine methylbromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of anisotropine with methyl bromide.	3.02	4	0
diethylstilbestrol dipropionate diethylstilbestrol dipropionate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.13	1	0
fludarabine [no description available]	2.72	3	0	purine nucleoside
(1S,2R)-2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol [no description available]	2.13	1	0	alkylbenzene
glycerylphosphorylcholine choline alfoscerate : A member of the class of phosphocholines that is the choline ester of sn-glycero-3-phosphate. It is one of the major osmolyte in the renal medullary cells.. glycerophosphocholine : The glycerol phosphate ester of a phosphocholine. A nutrient with many different roles in human health.	2.13	1	0	phosphocholines; sn-glycerol 3-phosphates	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; parasympatholytic; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-methylscopolamine nitrate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.	5.22	15	0	pyrimidinethione	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist
phenytoin sodium [no description available]	2.13	1	0
nsc 4347 NSC 4347: structure in first source	2.13	1	0
ipratropium bromide anhydrous [no description available]	2.96	4	0
4-methoxy-N1,N3-bis(3-pyridinyl)benzene-1,3-dicarboxamide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	benzamides
methamilane methiodide [no description available]	2.47	2	0
physostigmine salicylate [no description available]	2.13	1	0	azaheterocycle salicylate salt; salicylates
pilocarpine nitrate [no description available]	2.47	2	0
r 59949 R 59949: diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor	2.03	1	0	diarylmethane
n(6)-cyclopentyladenosine [no description available]	2.47	2	0
methylatropine nitrate [no description available]	2.75	3	0
1-[1-oxo-2-[(4-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[c][1]benzopyran-7-yl)oxy]ethyl]-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0	coumarins
prothionamide Prothionamide: Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents.	2.49	2	0	pyridines
2-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazin-4-one [no description available]	2.13	1	0	benzoxazine
chlorprothixene Chlorprothixene: A thioxanthine with effects similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.. (Z)-chlorprothixene : A chlorprothixene in which the double bond adopts a (Z)-configuration.	2.74	3	0	chlorprothixene
dienestrol Dienestrol: A synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen structurally related to stilbestrol. It is used, usually as the cream, in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal symptoms.. dienestrol : An olefinic compound that is hexa-2,4-diene substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 4 respectively.	2.41	2	0
etomidate Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.	4.06	4	0	ethyl ester; imidazoles	intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.	10.29	16	0	aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
methylthiouracil Methylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.	2.13	1	0	pyrimidone
sb 366791 N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-chlorocinnamanilide: a TRPV1 antagonist; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
ag-213 tyrphostin 47: inhibits protein-tyrosine kinase activity of EGF-R both in vitro and in living cells;	2.03	1	0
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: demethyl derivative of isorhapontigenin; structure in first source; a Syk kinase inhibitor; found in heartwood of FABACEAE; inhibitor of photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts; may be inhibitor of plant growth; RN given refers to (E)-isomer. piceatannol : A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5.	2.03	1	0	catechols; polyphenol; resorcinols; stilbenol	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
bemesetron [no description available]	2.44	2	0
thioinosine Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)	2.45	2	0
jrf 12 N2,N4-dibenzylquinazoline-2,4-diamine: a selective, potent, reversible, and ATP-competitive p97 inhibitor	4.39	3	0
phenylthiourea Phenylthiourea: Phenylthiourea is a THIOUREA derivative containing a phenyl ring. Depending on their genetic makeup, humans can find it either bitter-tasting or tasteless.. N-phenylthiourea : A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a phenyl group. Depending on their genetic makeup, humans find it either very bitter-tasting or tasteless. This unusual property resulted in N-phenylthiourea being used in paternity testing prior to the advent of DNA testing.	2.05	1	0	thioureas	EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
4-methoxy-N-(3-pyridinylmethyl)benzamide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	benzamides
(S)-(-)-pindolol [no description available]	2.03	1	0	pindolol
levosulpiride (S)-(-)-sulpiride : An optically active form of sulpiride having (S)-configuration. The active enantiomer of the racemic drug sulpiride. Selective D2-like dopamine antagonist (Ki values are ~ 0.015. ~ 0.013, 1, ~ 45 and ~ 77 muM at D2, D3, D4, D1 and D5 receptors respectively).	2.46	2	0	sulpiride	antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
3,4'-dihydroxyflavone 3,4'-dihydroxyflavone: an antioxidant; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.	3.03	4	0	caffeic acid	geroprotector; mouse metabolite
5-methyl-4-[(2-oxo-1-benzopyran-7-yl)oxymethyl]-2-furancarboxylic acid methyl ester [no description available]	2.13	1	0	coumarins
pyrantel Pyrantel: A depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agent, that causes persistent nicotinic activation resulting in spastic paralysis of susceptible nematodes. It is a drug of second-choice after benzimidazoles for treatment of ascariasis, hookworm, and pinworm infections, being effective after a single dose. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p920). pyrantel : A carboxamidine that is 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine that is substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and at position 2 by an (E)-2-(2-thienyl)vinyl group. It is used, particularly as the embonate [4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate)] salt, as an anthelmintic that is effective against intestinal nematodes including threadworms, roundworms and hookworms, and is included in the WHO 'Model List of Essential Medicines'.	3.23	1	0	1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines; carboxamidine; thiophenes	antinematodal drug
2-(1,3-dioxo-2-isoindolyl)-N-(3-nitrophenyl)acetamide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	phthalimides
4-fluorophenyl-L-alanine 4-fluorophenyl-L-alanine : A L-phenylalanine derivative that is L-phenylalanine in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a fluoro group.	2.03	1	0	4-fluorophenylalanine; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propenoic acid 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propenoic acid: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd. 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid : A methoxycinnamic acid that is trans-cinnamic acid substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3' and 4' respectively.	2.6	1	0	methoxycinnamic acid
isoferulic acid isoferulic acid: isomer of ferulic acid; structure. isoferulic acid : A ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 4 and 3 respectively on the phenyl ring.	2.6	1	0	ferulic acids	antioxidant; biomarker; metabolite
urocanic acid Urocanic Acid: 4-Imidazoleacrylic acid.. urocanic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid substituted by a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. It is a metabolite of hidtidine.. trans-urocanic acid : A urocanic acid in which the double bond of the carboxyethene moiety has E configuration.	2.47	2	0	urocanic acid	human metabolite
n-benzamidothiourea N-benzamidothiourea: structure in first source	2.07	1	0	benzoic acids
2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)ethanone [no description available]	2.13	1	0	stilbenoid
cyclouridine cyclouridine: structure given in third source	2.6	1	0
cotinine Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.	2.73	3	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid	antidepressant; biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-phenylethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole [no description available]	2.13	1	0	oxadiazole; ring assembly
3-(3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyranyl)propanoic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0	psoralens
1,6-dimethyl-3-(2-pyridinyl)pyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine-5,7-dione [no description available]	2.13	1	0	pyrimidotriazine
flunarizine Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.	2.05	1	0	diarylmethane
thiothixene [no description available]	4.26	5	0	N-methylpiperazine	anticoronaviral agent
eszopiclone Eszopiclone: A pyridine, pyrazine, and piperazine derivative that is used as a HYPNOTIC AND SEDATIVE in the treatment of INSOMNIA.. eszopiclone : The (5S)- (active) enantiomer of zopiclone. Unlike almost all other hypnotic sedatives, which are approved only for the relief of short-term (6-8 weeks) insomnia, eszopiclone is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for long-term use.	3.61	2	0	zopiclone	central nervous system depressant; sedative
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	8.11	4	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
9-hydroxy-4-[1-oxo-2-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-b]pyridin-5-one [no description available]	2.13	1	0	pyridochromene
5-bromo-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid [3-(3-methylphenoxy)-4-oxo-1-benzopyran-7-yl] ester [no description available]	2.13	1	0	chromones
rhodanine 2-mercaptothiazolinone: metabolite in urine from persons exposed to CS2; structure	2.48	2	0	thiazolidinone
benztropine Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.. benzatropine : Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.	4.08	4	0	diarylmethane
nootkatone nootkatone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source. (+)-nootkatone : A sesquiterpenoid that is 4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2(3H)-one which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4 and 4a, and by an isopropenyl group at position 6 (the 4R,4aS,6R stereoisomer).	2.07	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; enone; sesquiterpenoid	fragrance; insect repellent; plant metabolite
thiouracil Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group.	2.04	1	0	nucleobase analogue; thiocarbonyl compound	antithyroid drug; metabolite
5-methyl-4-[(3-methyl-6-oxo-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[c][1]benzopyran-1-yl)oxymethyl]-2-furancarboxylic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0	coumarins
4-methyl-3-(phenylmethyl)-7-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methoxy]-1-benzopyran-2-one [no description available]	2.13	1	0	coumarins
[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4-quinolinyl]-(4-morpholinyl)methanone [no description available]	2.13	1	0	quinolines
5-(3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutoxy)-3,4,7-trimethyl-1-benzopyran-2-one [no description available]	2.13	1	0	coumarins
methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.	4.77	9	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones	antithyroid drug
N-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-5-(2-nitrophenyl)-2-furancarboxamide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aromatic amide; furans
2-(8-methoxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-1-quinolinyl)-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)acetamide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	quinolines
N-[(6-methoxy-2-oxo-1H-quinolin-3-yl)methyl]-N-propan-2-yl-2-furancarboxamide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	quinolines
cinnarizine Cinnarizine: A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS.	2.77	3	0	diarylmethane; N-alkylpiperazine; olefinic compound	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
sulindac Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.	5.22	15	0	monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	analgesic; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; tocolytic agent
zucapsaicin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	6.74	32	2	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
enclomiphene Enclomiphene: The trans or (E)-isomer of clomiphene.	2.02	1	0
terbinafine [no description available]	4.38	6	0	acetylenic compound; allylamine antifungal drug; enyne; naphthalenes; tertiary amine	EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
cysteine sulfinic acid 3-sulfino-L-alanine : The organosulfinic acid arising from oxidation of the sulfhydryl group of L-cysteine.	2.03	1	0	organosulfinic acid; S-substituted L-cysteine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; mouse metabolite
epalrestat epalrestat : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1,3-thiazolidine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a carboxymethyl group, at positions 2 and 4 by thioxo and oxo groups, respectively, and at position 5 by a 2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene group. It is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (which catalyses the conversion of glucose to sorbitol) and is used for the treatment of some diabetic complications, including neuropathy.	2.77	3	0	monocarboxylic acid; thiazolidines	EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
tosylarginine methyl ester Tosylarginine Methyl Ester: Arginine derivative which is a substrate for many proteolytic enzymes. As a substrate for the esterase from the first component of complement, it inhibits the action of C(l) on C(4).	2	1	0	guanidines; L-arginine ester; methyl ester; sulfonamide
nbd 556 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
d-ap7 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
drotaverin drotaverin: Hungarian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.97	4	0	isoquinolines
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.25	1	0	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
2-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone [no description available]	2.13	1	0	stilbenoid
1-cyclohexyl-3-(6-ethoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)urea [no description available]	2.13	1	0	benzothiazoles
N-[(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)methanamine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	dimethoxybenzene
2-[[5-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethoxy]-4-oxo-2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-7-yl]oxy]acetic acid tert-butyl ester [no description available]	2.13	1	0	flavones; tert-butyl ester
4E2RCat [no description available]	4.04	2	0	organic molecular entity
thioguanine anhydrous Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.	5.03	12	0	2-aminopurines	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
thiobarbituric acid thiobarbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-thiobarbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid in which the oxygen at C-2 is replaced by sulfur.	3.36	1	1	barbiturates	allergen; reagent
1,3-dimethylthiourea [no description available]	1.97	1	0
ethylenethiourea Ethylenethiourea: A degradation product of ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) fungicides. It has been found to be carcinogenic and to cause THYROID hyperplasia.	2.13	1	0	imidazolidines
(1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.	2.74	3	0	hydrochloride
tacrine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.76	3	0
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.	2.92	4	0	one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas	antioxidant; chromophore
sodium propionate sodium propionate: was term of propionic acid (1986-2006). sodium propionate : An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	antifungal drug; food preservative
indigo carmine Indigo Carmine: Indolesulfonic acid used as a dye in renal function testing for the detection of nitrates and chlorates, and in the testing of milk.. indigo carmine : An organic sodium salt resulting from the formal condensation of indigo carmine (acid form) with two equivalents of sodium hydroxide. It is an indicator at pH 11.5-14, changing from blue to yellow.	2.05	1	0
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	6.33	11	0	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
thioacetamide Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.	7.78	3	0	thiocarboxamide	hepatotoxic agent
4-bromotetramisole, oxalate (1:1), salt(s)-isomer [no description available]	2.03	1	0
unithiol Unithiol: A chelating agent used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning.	1.99	1	0
succimer Succimer: A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.. succimer : A sulfur-containing carboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing two mercapto substituents at positions 2 and 3. A lead chelator used as an antedote to lead poisoning.	4.96	12	0	dicarboxylic acid; dithiol; sulfur-containing carboxylic acid	chelator
p-aminosalicylic acid monosodium salt [no description available]	2.13	1	0	organic molecular entity
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.	12.83	79	22	cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope
6-thioguanosine 6-thioguanosine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.04	1	0	purine nucleoside
3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
buthionine buthionine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.97	1	0
4,5,6,7-tetrachloroindan-1,3-dione 4,5,6,7-tetrachloroindan-1,3-dione: inhibits ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1	2.6	1	0
1-(3-chlorophenyl)biguanide hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
mecysteine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester
4-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester, hydrochloride, (dl)-isomer [no description available]	2.03	1	0
streptozocin [no description available]	4.66	8	0
capsazepine capsazepine: modified capsaicin molecule; a capsaicin receptor antagonist. capsazepine : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8 and on the nitrogen atom by a 2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylaminothiocarbonyl group. A synthetic analogue of capsaicin, it was the first reported capsaicin receptor antagonist.	2.47	2	0	benzazepine; catechols; monochlorobenzenes; thioureas	capsaicin receptor antagonist
diphenyleneiodium chloride dibenziodolium chloride : An organic chloride salt having dibenziodolium as the counterion.	2.03	1	0	organic chloride salt	EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor; G-protein-coupled receptor agonist
azetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid, (cis)-isomer [no description available]	2.03	1	0
tamoxifen citrate [no description available]	2.03	1	0	citrate salt	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent
tamoxifen [no description available]	5.82	16	0	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
sodium taurodeoxycholate Taurodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier.. taurodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.. taurodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurodeoxycholic acid.	2.07	1	0	bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite
methyltrioxorhenium methyltrioxorhenium VII: reagent used as an oxidation catalyst for a wide range of materials	2.03	1	0
nadp [no description available]	8.78	3	0
pimagedine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	2.11	1	0
Betaine Aldehyde Chloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	quaternary ammonium salt
ethionamide Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.	4.41	6	0	pyridines; thiocarboxamide	antilipemic drug; antitubercular agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor; leprostatic drug; prodrug
srpin340 SRPIN340: Serine-Arginine-Rich Protein Kinase Inhibitor	2.6	1	0
pr-619 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
p5091 P5091: inhibits ubiquitin-specific protease 7; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
cancidas [no description available]	3.58	2	0
2-(2-furanyl)-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
dihydrosamidine [no description available]	2.13	1	0
N-(2-methoxycyclohexyl)-3,4-dimethylaniline [no description available]	2.13	1	0	methylbenzene
eskazine [no description available]	2.47	2	0
2-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-5-ethyl-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazolidine-3-thione [no description available]	2.13	1	0	methylbenzene
monastrol monastrol: stops mitosis by fostering formation of monopolar spindles; structure in first source. (S)-monastrol : An ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate that has S configuration.. monastrol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-monastrol.. ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate : A member of the class of thioureas that is 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1)-thione substituted by a 3-hydroxyphenyl group at position 4, an ethoxycarbonyl group at position 5, and a methyl group at position 6.	2.03	1	0	enoate ester; ethyl ester; phenols; racemate; thioureas	antileishmanial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
2-[3-oxo-1-[[[oxo(thiophen-2-yl)methyl]amino]-sulfanylidenemethyl]-2-piperazinyl]acetic acid propan-2-yl ester [no description available]	2.13	1	0	isopropyl ester; piperazines
zeranol Zeranol: A non-steroidal estrogen analog.	2.13	1	0	macrolide
fusidic acid Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.	2.96	4	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; steroid acid; steroid antibiotic; sterol ester	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
artemotil artemotil: structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.05	1	0	artemisinin derivative
lincomycin Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.	4.26	5	0	carbohydrate-containing antibiotic; L-proline derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; S-glycosyl compound	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
valinomycin Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.	2.08	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide; macrocycle	antimicrobial agent; antiviral agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore
thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	2.45	2	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic
trovirdine trovirdine: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor	2.6	1	0
estrone sulfate estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd	4.07	4	0	17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
ranitidine Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.	4.05	4	0	C-nitro compound; furans; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound	anti-ulcer drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; H2-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
aplaviroc aplaviroc: a spiro-diketo-piperazine; a potent noncompetitive allosteric antagonist of the CCR5 receptor with concomitantly potent antiviral effects for HIV-1; structure in first source	3.59	2	0
thiocarlide thiocarlide: major descriptor (68-85); on-line search PHENYLTHIOUREA/AA (68-85); Index Medicus search THIOCARLIDE (68-85); Antitubercular Agent	2.04	1	0	thioureas
hmr 3647 [no description available]	4.55	7	0
latoconazole latoconazole: RN refers to cpd without isomeric designation; latoconazole is (E)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.08	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug
maraviroc [no description available]	3.88	3	0	tropane alkaloid
fti 277 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
toremifene citrate [no description available]	2.08	1	0	stilbenoid	anticoronaviral agent
toremifene Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.	4.08	4	0	aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amine	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
u 0126 U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.84	3	0	aryl sulfide; dinitrile; enamine; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; osteogenesis regulator; vasoconstrictor agent
vicriviroc vicriviroc: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
telaprevir [no description available]	2.54	2	0	cyclopentapyrrole; cyclopropanes; oligopeptide; pyrazines	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; peptidomimetic
nelarabine nelarabine: prodrug of ara-G. nelarabine : A purine nucleoside in which O-methylguanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Inhibits DNA synthesis and causes cell death; a prodrug of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine (ara-G).	3.87	3	0	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; prodrug
laccase Laccase: A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products.	7.13	1	0
glycylproline Gly-Pro : A dipeptide consisting of L-proline having a glycyl residue attached to its alpha-amino group.	4.01	4	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
4-diphenylacetoxy-n-methylpiperidine methiodide 4-DAMP methiodide : A quaternary ammonium salt obtained by combining equimolar amounts of 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine and iodomethane.	2.44	2	0	iodide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
2-[(2-ethoxyphenoxy)-phenylmethyl]morpholine [no description available]	2.74	3	0	aromatic ether
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	12.97	15	3	alkali metal atom
cobaltous chloride cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.	2	1	0	cobalt salt; inorganic chloride	allergen; calcium channel blocker; sensitiser; two-colour indicator
dermatan sulfate Dermatan Sulfate: A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed). alpha-L-IdopA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc4S : An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside.. dermatan sulfate : Any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeating units consisting of variously sulfated beta1->4-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units.	3.55	2	0	amino disaccharide; glycosylgalactose derivative; iduronic acids; oligosaccharide sulfate
hydroxylysine Hydroxylysine: A hydroxylated derivative of the amino acid LYSINE that is present in certain collagens.. hydroxylysine : A hydroxy-amino acid in which the amino acid specified is lysine. A "closed" class.. erythro-5-hydroxy-L-lysine : A 5-hydroxylysine consisting of L-lysine having an (R)-hydroxy group at the 5-position.. 5-hydroxylysine : A hydroxylysine that is lysine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.	1.96	1	0	5-hydroxylysine; hydroxy-L-lysine	human metabolite
dezocine dezocine: potent analgesic; RN given refers to ((5R-(5alpha,11alpha,13S*)))-isomer (dezocin); structure. dezocine : (7S,8S)-7-Amino-8-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol in which the hydrogen at position 8 and one of the hydrogens at position 6 are substituted by each end of a tetramethylene bridge. A synthetic opioid analgesic, it has mixed opiod agonist and antagonist properties. Although it is used for pain management, it can produce opioid withdrawal syndrome in patients already dependent on other opioids, and its clinical application is limited by side effects such as dizziness.	2.02	1	0	phenols; primary amino compound	opioid analgesic
dapiprazole [no description available]	2.02	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; pyridines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antipsychotic agent; miotic; ophthalmology drug
nizatidine Nizatidine: A histamine H2 receptor antagonist with low toxicity that inhibits gastric acid secretion. The drug is used for the treatment of duodenal ulcers.. nizatidine : A member of the class of 1,3-thiazoles having a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at position 2 and an alkylthiomethyl moiety at position 4.	2.13	1	0
spiraprilat SCH 33861: RN given refers to (8S-(7(R(R)),8R*))-isomer. spiraprilat : An azaspiro compound that is spirapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid group. It is the active metabolite of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor spirapril.	2.66	3	0	azaspiro compound; dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide; dithioketal; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
droloxifene [no description available]	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
raclopride Raclopride: A substituted benzamide that has antipsychotic properties. It is a dopamine D2 receptor (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2) antagonist.	2	1	0	salicylamides
dolasetron [no description available]	3.58	2	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
or 1259 [no description available]	2.45	2	0	hydrazone; nitrile; pyridazinone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
mannomustine Mannomustine: Nitrogen mustard derivative alkylating agent used as antineoplastic. It causes severe bone marrow depression and is a powerful vesicant.	2.04	1	0	amino alcohol
monooctanoin monooctanoin: dissolution agent for retained cholesterol bile duct stones; RN in Chemline for octanoic acid, ester with 1,2,3-propanetriol, MF unknown: 11140-04-8; RN for octanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (1-monooctanoin): 502-54-5; RN in 9th CI Form Index for (+-)-1-monooctanoin: 19670-49-6. rac-1-monooctanoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol comprising equal amounts of 1-octanoyl-sn-glycerol and 3-octanoyl-sn-glycerol.. 1-monooctanoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has octanoyl as the acyl group.	2.13	1	0	1-monoglyceride; octanoate ester; rac-1-monoacylglycerol
gestodene Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer	3.15	5	0	steroid	estrogen
glucametacin glucametacin: indomethacin analog; structure	2.45	2	0
orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.	5.94	7	1	beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative	anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
idoxifene idoxifene: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
quinine [no description available]	5.72	15	0	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
zofenoprilate zofenoprilate: RN given refers to ((1(R*),2alpha,4alpha)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 9/90. zofenoprilat : A proline derivative that is 4-(phenylsulfanyl)-L-proline in which the amine proton is replaced by a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. The active metabolite of zofenopril.	5.6	17	1	aryl sulfide; L-proline derivative; N-acyl-L-amino acid; thiol	anticonvulsant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
glycodeoxycholic acid Glycodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. glycodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.	2.07	1	0	bile acid glycine conjugate	human metabolite
1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)imidazole-2-thiol 1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)imidazole-2-thiol: RN & structure given in first source; RN not in Chemline 3/87	2.03	1	0
1-(2-(2-(4-pyridyl)-2-imidazoline-1-yl)ethyl)-3-(4-carboxyphenyl)urea 1-(2-(2-(4-pyridyl)-2-imidazoline-1-yl)ethyl)-3-(4-carboxyphenyl)urea: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
2-chloro-n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-n-methyluronamide 2-chloro-N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
neurokinin a (3-10), lysyl(3)-glycyl(8)-r-lactam-leucine(9)- neurokinin A (3-10), lysyl(3)-glycyl(8)-R-lactam-leucine(9)-: neurokinin receptor agonist	2	1	0
cystine [no description available]	5	7	0
u-50488 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer: A non-peptide, kappa-opioid receptor agonist which has also been found to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropin (ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE) via the release of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin (ARGININE VASOPRESSIN) and CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;280(1):416-21). U50488 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid and the secondary amino group of (1R,2R)-N-methyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)cyclohexanamine	2.69	3	0	dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-alkylpyrrolidine	analgesic; antitussive; calcium channel blocker; diuretic; kappa-opioid receptor agonist
sch 23390 SCH 23390: a selective D1-receptor antagonist. SCH 23390 : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1, a methyl substituent at position 3, a chloro substituent at position 7 and a hydroxy substituent at position 8.	2.04	1	0	benzazepine
isepamicin [no description available]	2.04	1	0
ifetroban ifetroban: thromboxane receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; a 7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane derivative	2.44	2	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid
lamifiban lamifiban: a nonpeptide glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist; prevents platelet loss during experimental cardiopulmonary bypass	2.44	2	0	N-acylglycine
bp 897 BP 897: a dopamine D3 receptor agonist; structure in first source	2.03	1	0	naphthalenecarboxamide
fospropofol [no description available]	3.23	1	0	alkylbenzene
slv 306 SLV 306: also an endothelin-converting enzyme-1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
azilect [no description available]	2.08	1	0
rasagiline [no description available]	3.23	1	0	indanes; secondary amine; terminal acetylenic compound	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
trequinsin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
dasatinib N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).	4.15	4	0	1,3-thiazoles; aminopyrimidine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
neboglamine neboglamine: potential memory enhancer	2.03	1	0
leucyl-prolyl-proline [no description available]	2.49	2	0	oligopeptide
tuna ai tuna AI: amino acid sequence given in first source; isolated from tuna muscle	1.98	1	0
npc 17731 NPC 17731: bradykinin receptor antagonist	1.98	1	0
zd 6474 CH 331: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; organobromine compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines; secondary amine	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
telavancin telavancin: an anti-infective agent; structure in first source. telavancin : A glycopeptide that is vancomycin substituted at position N-3'' by a 2-(decylamino)ethyl group and at position C-29 by a (phosphonomethyl)aminomethyl group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of adults with complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by bacteria.	2.04	1	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
angiotensin i, ile(5)- [no description available]	1.96	1	0	angiotensin; peptide zwitterion	human metabolite; neurotransmitter agent
bradykinin (1-5) bradykinin (1-5): a stable marker of bradykinin production in vivo; a metabolite of bradykinin degradation in plasma	1.98	1	0
angiotensin i, des-leu(10)- angiotensin I, des-Leu(10)-: major product of platelet-dependent angiotensin I metabolism; RN given refers to 5-Val cpd	2.37	2	0
nitinol nitinol: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Ti; do not confuse with titanium nickelide; other nitinols (nitinol SE and nitinol 55) are Co-Ni-Ti alloys	1.98	1	0
dynorphin (1-17) [no description available]	1.97	1	0
ornitho-kinin ornitho-kinin: amino acid sequence given in first source	2.05	1	0
es 1005 ES 1005: human renin inhibitor; structure given in first source	2.66	3	0
cytellin cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982	2.42	2	0
trimethoprim [no description available]	2.13	1	0
substance p [no description available]	1.98	1	0	pentapeptide
argipressin, beta-mercapto beta,beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid(1)-o-methyl-tyr(2)-val(4)- argipressin, beta-mercapto beta,beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid(1)-O-methyl-Tyr(2)-Val(4)-: vasopressin antagonist	1.98	1	0
silybin [no description available]	2.05	1	0
zankiren hydrochloride zankiren hydrochloride: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
susalimod susalimod: analogue of sulphasalazine, was designed for use in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis	2.02	1	0
alatrofloxacin alatrofloxacin: prodrug of trovafloxacin	2.06	1	0
yya-021 YYA-021: an HIV entry inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
4-hydroxy-1-[1-oxo-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)propyl]-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0	peptide
N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-3-ylmethyl)-2-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)acetamide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	dimethoxybenzene
3-acetyl-6-methyl-1H-quinolin-4-one [no description available]	2.13	1	0	quinolines
benzatropine methanesulfonate benzatropine mesylate : The methanesulfonate salt of benzatropine. An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.	2.03	1	0
sb 203186 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
n-(1-methyl-5-indolyl)-n'-(3-methyl-5-isothiazolyl)urea N-(1-methyl-5-indolyl)-N'-(3-methyl-5-isothiazolyl)urea: a 5-HT(2B) receptor antagonist; structure given in first source. 1-(1-methylindol-5-yl)-3-(3-methyl-1,2-thiazol-5-yl)urea : A member of ther class of ureas that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens has been replaced by an N-methylindol-5-yl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen has been replaced by a 3-methyl-1,2-thiazol-5-yl group. It is a potent and selective antagonist for the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B (5-HT2B) receptor.	2.03	1	0	1,2-thiazoles; indoles; ureas	receptor modulator; serotonergic antagonist
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	3.25	6	0
3-(phenylthio)-1-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-propanone [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aryl sulfide
rs-130830 RS-130830: orally-active broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor	3.1	1	0
gw 7647 GW 7647: a PPAR-alpha agonist; structure in first source. GW 7647 : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-(phenylsulfanyl)isobutyric acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at the para- position by a 3-aza-7-cyclohexylhept-1-yl group in which the nitrogen is acylated by a (cyclohexylamino)carbonyl group.	2.03	1	0	aryl sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; ureas	PPARalpha agonist
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	2.73	3	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
ro 41-0960 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
galactomannan galactomannan: a galectin inhibitor. galactomannan : A heteroglycan consisting of a mannan backbone with galactose side groups.	7.11	1	0	oligosaccharide
cgp 13501 CGP 13501: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	alkylbenzene
n-(2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-3-methoxybenzamide N-(2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-3-methoxybenzamide: dopamine D4 ligand; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
chloramine-t chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.	3.62	2	0	organic sodium salt	allergen; antifouling biocide; disinfectant
l 663536 MK-886: orally active leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor. 3-[3-(tert-butylsulfanyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid : A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by a isopropyl group at position 5, a tert-butylsulfanediyl group at position 3, a 4-chlorobenzyl group at position 1 and a 2-carboxy-2-methylpropyl group at position 2. It acts as an inhibitor of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase.	1.98	1	0	aryl sulfide; indoles; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist
brl 15572 3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1,1-diphenylpropan-2-ol : An N-alkylpiperazine that is 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine carrying a 3,3-diphenyl-2-hydroxyprop-1-yl group at position 4. A selective h5-HT1D antagonist, displaying 60-fold selectivity over h5-HT1B, and exhibiting little or no affinity for a range of other receptor types.	2.03	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; secondary alcohol	geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist
mrs 1523 2,3-diethyl-4,5-dipropyl-6-phenylpyridine-3-thiocarboxylate-5-carboxylate: adenosine A3 receptor antagonist	2.03	1	0
flavan-3-ol flavan-3-ol: structure in first source	2.11	1	0	hydroxyflavonoid
6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool.	2.25	1	0	quinoxaline derivative
N-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-9b-phenyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-a]isoindole-1-carboxamide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	imidazolidines
Anthraniloyllycoctonine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	diterpene alkaloid
zinc protoporphyrin ix [no description available]	2.03	1	0
or486 OR486: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
fg 9041 FG 9041: structure given in first source	2.44	2	0	quinoxaline derivative
alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.	2.67	3	0
atrinositol [no description available]	2.03	1	0
iik7 IIK7: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
sb 415286 3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylamino)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: a glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.52	2	0	C-nitro compound; maleimides; monochlorobenzenes; phenols; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
dm 235 DM 235: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.	2.04	1	0
jhw 015 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	indolecarboxamide
bw 723c86 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	tryptamines
sc 560 SC560 : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3 and 5 by 4-methoxyphenyl, trifluoromethyl and 4-chlorophenyl groups, respectively. Unlike many members of the diaryl heterocycle class of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, SC-560 is selective for COX-1.	2.03	1	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; pyrazoles	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
N-[4-[(cyclohexylamino)-oxomethyl]phenyl]-3-pyridinecarboxamide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aromatic amide
sc-19220 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	aromatic ether
le 300 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	indoles
sitagliptin sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	4.44	6	0	triazolopyrazine; trifluorobenzene	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; hypoglycemic agent; serine proteinase inhibitor; xenobiotic
thiorphan [no description available]	3.1	1	0
osteoprotegerin Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.	2.55	2	0	long-chain fatty acid
cathepsin g Cathepsin G: A serine protease found in the azurophil granules of NEUTROPHILS. It has an enzyme specificity similar to that of chymotrypsin C.	1.96	1	0
flosequinan [no description available]	6.06	8	4	quinolines
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1h-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide: a TGF-beta type I receptor kinase activity inhibitor	2.05	1	0	benzamides; benzodioxoles; imidazoles; pyridines	EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
1-[3-[[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-4-methoxyphenyl]-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0	harmala alkaloid
ly 367265 LY 367265: a 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter inhibitor; a 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist; structure in first source. LY-367,265 : A fluoroindole that is 1H-indole in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 6 are replaced by 1-[2-(2,2-dioxo-5,6-dihydro-4H-2lambda(6)-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[4,3,2-ij]quinolin-1(2H)-yl)ethyl]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is an inhibitor of the 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter (Ki = 2.3 nM) and an antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine(2A) receptor (Ki = 0.81 nM).	2.03	1	0	dihydropyridine; fluoroindole; tertiary amino compound; thiadiazoloquinoline	antidepressant; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
tolcapone Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.	4.77	9	0	2-nitrophenols; benzophenones; catechols	antiparkinson drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
alsterpaullone alsterpaullone: structure in first source. alsterpaullone : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1-benzazepin-2-one which shares its 4-5 bond with the 3-2 bond of 5-nitro-1H-indole.	2.05	1	0	C-nitro compound; caprolactams; organic heterotetracyclic compound	anti-HIV-1 agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor
diclofenac sodium Diclofenac Sodium: The sodium form of DICLOFENAC. It is used for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.. diclofenac sodium : The sodium salt of diclofenac.	2.47	2	0	organic sodium salt
cgp 7930 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)phenol: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	alkylbenzene
1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-propyl-1h-pyrazole 4,4',4''-(4-propylpyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)trisphenol : A pyrazole that is 1H-pyrazole bearing three 4-hydroxyphenyl substituents at positions 1, 3 and 5 as well as a propyl substituent at position 4. Potent, subtype-selective estrogen receptor agonist (EC50 ~ 200 pM); displays 410-fold selectivity for ERalpha over ERbeta. Prevents ovariectomy-induced weight gain and loss of bone mineral density, and induces gene expression in the hypothalamus following systemic administration in vivo.	2.03	1	0	phenols; pyrazoles	estrogen receptor agonist
sib 1757 SIB 1757: a selective mGluR5 antagonist; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
tak-220 TAK-220: structure in first source	2.6	1	0
jtk-303 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone	HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
nbd 557 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.	2.03	1	0	sphing-4-enine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
quercetin [no description available]	10.24	11	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
bilirubin [no description available]	4.2	5	0	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	9.54	67	6	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	6.59	19	3	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
biochanin a [no description available]	2.48	2	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
leukotriene a4 Leukotriene A4: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta(1E,3E,5Z,8Z)))-3-(1,3,5,8-Tetradecatetraenyl)oxiranebutanoic acid. An unstable allylic epoxide, formed from the immediate precursor 5-HPETE via the stereospecific removal of a proton at C-10 and dehydration. Its biological actions are determined primarily by its metabolites, i.e., LEUKOTRIENE B4 and cysteinyl-leukotrienes. Alternatively, leukotriene A4 is converted into LEUKOTRIENE C4 by glutathione-S-transferase or into 5,6-di-HETE by the epoxide-hydrolase. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene A4 : A leukotriene that is the (5S,6S)-epoxy derivative of (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid.	2.67	3	0	epoxy fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid; oxylipin; polyunsaturated fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
prostaglandin b1 prostaglandin Bx: phospholipase A2 inhibitor; polymeric derivative of diketo-PGB1; mean MW 2,200. prostaglandin B1 : A member of the class of prostaglandins B that is prosta-8(12),13-dien-1-oic acid carrying oxo and hydroxy substituents at positions 9 and 15 respectively (the 13E,15S-stereoisomer).	2.13	1	0	prostaglandins B	human metabolite
apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.	2.44	2	0	trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
luteolin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	1.98	1	0	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes	4.25	5	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol	antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	2.05	1	0	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
11-cis-retinal Rhodopsin: A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.. 11-cis-retinal : A retinal having 2E,4Z,6E,8E-double bond geometry.	2.93	1	0	retinal	chromophore; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.	8.49	8	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
leukotriene c4 Leukotriene C4: The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene C4 : A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage.	2.9	4	0	leukotriene	bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
thromboxane a2 Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.	10.93	14	2	epoxy monocarboxylic acid; thromboxanes A	mouse metabolite
retinol palmitate retinol palmitate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. retinyl palmitate : A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds.. all-trans-retinyl palmitate : An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol. It is used in cosmetic products to treat various skin disorders such as acne, skin aging, wrinkles, dark spots, and also protect against psoriasis.	7.73	3	0	all-trans-retinyl ester; retinyl palmitate	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
hymecromone Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID.	2.45	2	0	hydroxycoumarin	antineoplastic agent; hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor
daphnetin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	hydroxycoumarin
8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid: A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5.. all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid : An icosatrienoic acid having three cis double bonds at positions 8, 11 and 14.	2	1	0	fatty acid 20:3; long-chain fatty acid	fungal metabolite; human metabolite; nutraceutical
5'-o-caffeoylquinic acid trans-5-O-caffeoyl-D-quinic acid : A cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 5-hydroxy group of quinic acid.	2.6	1	0	cinnamate ester; cyclitol carboxylic acid	plant metabolite
luteolin-7-glucoside luteolin-7-glucoside: has both antiasthmatic and antineoplastic activities; has 3C protease inhibitory activity; isolated from Ligustrum lucidum. luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.6	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	antioxidant; plant metabolite
15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin e2 15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin E2: RN given refers to (5Z,11alpha)-isomer; structure in first source. 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin E2 : The 13,14-dihydro derivative of 15-oxo-prostaglandin E2.	1.96	1	0	prostaglandins E
alprostadil [no description available]	5.62	14	0	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
cyclosporine [no description available]	2.6	1	0
vitamin d 2 Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.	5.82	6	1	hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-ergostane; vitamin D	bone density conservation agent; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; rodenticide
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	4.14	3	1	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	2.06	1	0	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
bilirubin diglucuronide [no description available]	3.15	1	0
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.	7.58	41	4	prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
lipoxin a4 lipoxin A4: an antifibrolytic agent; structure given in first source; a role in ASPIRIN antiinflammatory activity. lipoxin A4 : A C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (6R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (7E)- (9E)-, (11Z)- and (13E)-double bonds.	2.1	1	0	hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; lipoxin; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; metabolite
alpha-linolenic acid linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid.	2.08	1	0	linolenic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
prostaglandin e3 prostaglandin E3: Structure	2.02	1	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite
prostaglandin f1 prostaglandin F1: was EN to PROSTAGLANDINS F (75-81); RN given refers to (9 alpha,11 alpha,13E,15S)-isomer	2.68	3	0	prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite
harmine Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's.. harmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.	2.6	1	0	harmala alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; metabolite
genistein [no description available]	8.3	6	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	4.85	10	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
clavulanic acid Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.	2.96	4	0	oxapenam	antibacterial drug; anxiolytic drug; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.	5.02	12	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen
oxymetholone Oxymetholone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). oxymetholone : A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects.	4.09	4	0
eprosartan eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.	7.51	15	1	dicarboxylic acid; imidazoles; thiophenes	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
montelukast montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	4.77	9	0	aliphatic sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; quinolines	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist
mivacurium Mivacurium: An isoquinoline derivative that is used as a short-acting non-depolarizing agent.	3.58	2	0	isoquinolines
timolol maleate (S)-timolol maleate : The maleic acid salt of the active (S)-enantiomer of timolol, comprising equimolar amounts of (S)-timolol and maleic acid.	2.98	4	0	maleate salt	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
brompheniramine maleate brompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.	3.16	5	0	maleate salt	anti-allergic agent
chlorpheniramine maleate [no description available]	2.74	3	0	organic molecular entity
clemastine fumarate clemastine fumarate : The fumaric acid salt of clemastine. An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.	2.74	3	0	fumarate salt	anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
dexchlorpheniramine maleate [no description available]	2.08	1	0	organic molecular entity
olopatadine [no description available]	2.45	2	0
methylergonovine maleate [no description available]	2.74	3	0	ergoline alkaloid	geroprotector
hemabate carboprost tromethamine : The tromethamine salt of carboprost. It is used as an abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.	3.23	1	0
carboprost Carboprost: A nonsteroidal abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of PREGNANCY.. carboprost : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydrogen at position 15 is substituted by methyl (S configuration). It is used as an abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.	1.97	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	abortifacient; oxytocic
mycophenolate mofetil mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	4.13	4	0	carboxylic ester; ether; gamma-lactone; phenols; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
bw b1090u [no description available]	2.02	1	0	isoquinolines
entacapone entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.	4.89	10	0	2-nitrophenols; catechols; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
paricalcitol [no description available]	4.08	4	0	hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane	antiparathyroid drug
astaxanthine astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.	2.45	2	0	carotenol; carotenone	animal metabolite; anticoagulant; antioxidant; food colouring; plant metabolite
harman harman: a beta-carboline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. harman : An indole alkaloid fundamental parent with a structure of 9H-beta-carboline carrying a methyl substituent at C-1. It has been isolated from the bark of Sickingia rubra, Symplocus racemosa, Passiflora incarnata, Peganum harmala, Banisteriopsis caapi and Tribulus terrestris, as well as from tobacco smoke. It is a specific, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A.	2.03	1	0	harmala alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
Rhynchophylline [no description available]	2.15	1	0	indolizines	metabolite
usambarensine usambarensine: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	harmala alkaloid
esculetin esculetin: used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light; structure. esculetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light.	1.98	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	antioxidant; plant metabolite; ultraviolet filter
zearalenone Zearalenone: (S-(E))-3,4,5,6,8,10-Hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione. One of a group of compounds known under the general designation of resorcylic acid lactones. Cis, trans, dextro and levo forms have been isolated from the fungus Gibberella zeae (formerly Fusarium graminearum). They have estrogenic activity, cause toxicity in livestock as feed contaminant, and have been used as anabolic or estrogen substitutes.. zearalenone : A macrolide comprising a fourteen-membered lactone fused to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene; a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Giberella species.	2.13	1	0	macrolide; resorcinols	fungal metabolite; mycoestrogen
amentoflavone [no description available]	2.6	1	0	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; ring assembly	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; plant metabolite
baicalein [no description available]	2.6	1	0	trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
chrysin chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.	2.04	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
diosmin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; rutinoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant
genkwanin genkwanin: structure. genkwanin : A monomethoxyflavone that is apigenin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is methylated.	2.6	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	metabolite
hyperoside quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside : A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Artemisia capillaris, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity.	2.6	1	0	beta-D-galactoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
mangostin mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit. alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities.	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; phenols; xanthones	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
3-methylquercetin isorhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 3' is replaced by a methoxy group.	2.6	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone	anticoagulant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; metabolite
norathyriol norathyriol: from Gentinanaceae; has vasorelaxing action on rat thoracic aorta; structure given in first source. norathyriol : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7. Isolated from Garcinia mangostana and Maclura pomifera, it exhibits inhibitory activity against protein kinase C.	1.98	1	0	polyphenol; xanthones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; plant metabolite
kaempferide kaempferide: structure in first source. kaempferide : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-O-methyl derivative of kaempferol.	2.6	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	antihypertensive agent; metabolite
morin morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.	2.74	3	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
myricetin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
orientin orientin: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (D-glucopyranosyl)-isomer. orientin : A C-glycosyl compound that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 8.	2.6	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; C-glycosyl compound; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
scutellarein scutellarein: aglycone of scutellarin from Scutellaria baicalensis; carthamidin is 2S isomer of scutellarein; do not confuse with isoscutellarein and/or isocarthamidin which are respective regioisomers, or with the scutelarin protein. scutellarein : Flavone substituted with hydroxy groups at C-4', -5, -6 and -7.	2.6	1	0	tetrahydroxyflavone	metabolite
coumestrol Coumestrol: A daidzein derivative occurring naturally in forage crops which has some estrogenic activity.. coumestrol : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9.	2.07	1	0	coumestans; delta-lactone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
daidzein [no description available]	2.46	2	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: hydroxystilbene oxyresveratrol	2.6	1	0	stilbenoid
polydatin trans-piceid : A stilbenoid that is trans-resveratrol substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.	2.66	2	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; polyphenol; stilbenoid	anti-arrhythmia drug; antioxidant; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; nephroprotective agent; potassium channel modulator
pterostilbene [no description available]	3.41	1	0	diether; methoxybenzenes; stilbenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; neurotransmitter; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
epsilon-viniferin epsilon-viniferin: stilbene dimer; isolated from the Oriental medicinal plant Vitis coignetiae; structure given in first source. (-)-trans-epsilon-viniferin : A stilbenoid that is the (-)-trans-stereoisomer of epsilon-viniferin, obtained by cyclodimerisation of trans-resveratrol.	2.07	1	0	1-benzofurans; polyphenol; stilbenoid	metabolite
chicoric acid chicoric acid: inhibits HIV-1 integrase	2.6	1	0	organooxygen compound	geroprotector; HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
cynarine cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent	2.74	3	0	alkyl caffeate ester; quinic acid	plant metabolite
caffeic acid phenethyl ester phenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component.	2.03	1	0	alkyl caffeate ester	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiviral agent; immunomodulator; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
rosmarinic acid rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project. (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid.	2.58	2	0	rosmarinic acid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
salvianolic acid a salvianolic acid A: a nootropic depside from Salvia miltiorrhizia	2.17	1	0	stilbenoid
acteoside acteoside: a protein kinase C inhibitor with hepatoprotective, anti-asthmatic, and analgesic activities; a phenylethanoid glycoside related to isoacteoside; from leaves of Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae). acteoside : A glycoside that is the alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucoside of hydroxytyrosol in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the glucopyranosyl moiety has undergone esterification by formal condensation with trans-caffeic acid.	2.6	1	0	catechols; cinnamate ester; disaccharide derivative; glycoside; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antileishmanial agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
rottlerin rottlerin: an angiogenesis inhibitor; an inhibitor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and calmodulin kinase III; RN refers to (E)-isomer; do not confuse this chalcone with an anthraquinone that is also called rottlerin (RN 481-72-1);. rottlerin : A chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis.	2.03	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzenetriol; chromenol; enone; methyl ketone	anti-allergic agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; K-ATP channel agonist; metabolite
flupenthixol cis-flupenthixol : A flupenthixol in which the double bond adopts a cis-configuration.	3.14	5	0	flupenthixol	dopaminergic antagonist
sdz psc 833 valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215	2.75	3	0	homodetic cyclic peptide
estradiol-17 beta-glucuronide 17beta-estradiol 17-glucosiduronic acid : A steroid glucosiduronic acid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having a beta-glucuronyl residue attached at position 17 via a glycosidic linkage.	4.07	4	0	3-hydroxy steroid; steroid glucosiduronic acid
l 660,711 [no description available]	2.97	4	0	quinolines
estriol 17-glucuronide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	steroid saponin
coenzyme q10 coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.	4.48	5	1	ubiquinones	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite
anandamide anandamide : An N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine.	1.99	1	0	endocannabinoid; N-acylethanolamine 20:4	human blood serum metabolite; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
n-oleoyldopamine N-oleoyldopamine: putative capsaicin receptor ligand; produces hyperalgesia; isolated from the brain. N-oleoyldopamine : A fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the amino group of dopamine. Synthesised in catecholaminergic neurons, it crosses the blood-brain barrier and might be considered as a carrier of dopamine into the brain. It is a transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor agonist.	2.03	1	0	catechols; fatty amide; N-(fatty acyl)-dopamine; secondary carboxamide	TRPV1 agonist
cilnidipine [no description available]	2.41	2	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug
pheniramine maleate Naphcon A: tradename; contains above compounds; ophthalmic solution	2.03	1	0	organic molecular entity
sorivudine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
travoprost Travoprost: A cloprostenol derivative that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.. travoprost : The isopropyl ester of prostaglandin F2alpha in which the pentyl group is replaced by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxymethyl group. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2alpha, ophthalmic solutions of travoprost are used as a topical medication for controlling the progression of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension, by reducing intraocular pressure. It is a pro-drug; the isopropyl ester group is hydrolysed by esterases in the cornea to the biologically active free acid, fluprostenol.	2.08	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; isopropyl ester; prostaglandins Falpha	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; ophthalmology drug; prodrug; prostaglandin receptor agonist
tranilast tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.	3.16	5	0	amidobenzoic acid; cinnamamides; dimethoxybenzene; secondary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; antineoplastic agent; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; calcium channel blocker; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent
7432 s Ceftibuten: A cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.. ceftibuten : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino substituent at the 7 position of the cephem skeleton. An orally-administered agent, ceftibuten is used as the dihydrate to treat urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.	3.84	3	0	cephalosporin; dicarboxylic acid	antibacterial drug
8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha: a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through thromboxane A2 receptor activation. 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha : An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.	4.88	4	2	F2-isoprostane	biomarker; bronchoconstrictor agent; vasoconstrictor agent
trimipramine maleate [no description available]	2.03	1	0	maleate salt	antidepressant
4-hydroxyestradiol 4-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen. 4-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 4.	2.13	1	0	4-hydroxy steroid	metabolite
menatetrenone menaquinone-4 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains 4 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration.	2.13	1	0	menaquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; bone density conservation agent; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent
imipenem [no description available]	2.08	1	0	carbapenems
etretinate retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.	2.74	3	0	enoate ester; ethyl ester; retinoid	keratolytic drug
isotretinoin Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.	4.66	8	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; teratogenic agent
misoprostol Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form.	2.73	3	0
xylometazoline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.47	2	0
flunarizine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	diarylmethane
ketotifen fumarate ketotifen fumarate : An organoammonium salt consisting of equimolar amounts of ketotifen(1+) and fumarate(1-) ions. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is a non-bronchodilator anti-asthmatic drug.	2.77	3	0	organoammonium salt	anti-asthmatic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
epoprostenol [no description available]	3.56	2	0	prostaglandins I	mouse metabolite
indocyanine green [no description available]	3.85	3	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye
dinoprost tromethamine [no description available]	2.51	2	0	organic molecular entity
ozagrel ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer	3.79	2	1	cinnamic acids
triprolidine Triprolidine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis; ASTHMA; and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness.. triprolidine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is acrivastine in which the pyridine ring is lacking the propenoic acid substituent. It is a sedating antihistamine that is used (generally as the monohydrochloride monohydrate) for the relief of the symptoms of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.	3.59	2	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; olefinic compound; pyridines	H1-receptor antagonist
pitavastatin pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise.	3.87	3	0	cyclopropanes; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; quinolines; statin (synthetic)	antioxidant
rosuvastatin calcium S 4522: structure in first source	2.08	1	0	N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphinganine-1-phosphoethanolamine; organic calcium salt	anti-inflammatory agent; cardioprotective agent; CETP inhibitor
terbinafine hydrochloride terbinafine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of terbinafine with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride.	2.08	1	0	allylamine antifungal drug; hydrochloride	EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
cis-flupenthixol dihydrochloride cis-flupenthixol dihydrochloride : The dihydrochloride salt of cis-flupenthixol.	2.45	2	0	hydrochloride	geroprotector
ethamolin monoethanolamine oleate: used for treatment of pyogenic granuloma	3.23	1	0	long-chain fatty acid
betamethasone benzoate [no description available]	2.02	1	0	21-hydroxy steroid
hydrocortisone valerate hydrocortisone valerate: used in treatment of atopic dermatitis; RN given refers to 11beta-isomer	2.13	1	0	cortisol ester; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; valerate ester
alatrofloxacin mesylate [no description available]	3.59	2	0
prostaglandin f2 methyl ester prostaglandin F2 methyl ester: has ocular hypotensive effect; RN given refers to (5Z,9alpha,11alpha,13E,15S)-isomer	2.13	1	0	prostanoid
thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.	7.93	34	7	thromboxanes B	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid: stimulator of renal sodium, potassium atpase; RN given is for the (all-Z) isomer. 20-HETE : A HETE that consists of arachidonic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 20.	2	1	0	HETE; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal: cytotoxic product from peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxynon-2-enal : An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position.. 4-hydroxynonenal : A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.41	2	0	4-hydroxynon-2-enal; 4-hydroxynonenal
n-arachidonylglycine N-arachidonylglycine: structure in first source. N-arachidonoylglycine : Biologically active derivative of anandamide	2.03	1	0	fatty amide; N-acylglycine
n-oleoylethanolamine N-oleoylethanolamine: ceramidase inhibitor. oleoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of oleic acid. The monounsaturated analogue of the endocannabinoid anandamide.	2.03	1	0	endocannabinoid; N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine; N-acylethanolamine 18:1	EC 3.5.1.23 (ceramidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist
cholesteryl oleate cholesteryl oleate: RN given refers to ((Z)-isomer). cholesteryl oleate : The (Z)-stereoisomer of cholesteryl octadec-9-enoate.	2.02	1	0	CE(18:1); cholesteryl octadec-9-enoate	mouse metabolite
2-bromoergocryptine mesylate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
codeine [no description available]	4.92	11	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic
cyclosporine ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF	5.81	16	0	homodetic cyclic peptide	anti-asthmatic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antirheumatic drug; carcinogenic agent; dermatologic drug; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite
perhexiline maleate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.98	4	0	organic molecular entity
phenylephrine hydrochloride Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.	2.74	3	0	hydrochloride
natamycin [no description available]	2.47	2	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; dicarboxylic acid monoester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyene antibiotic	antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; ophthalmology drug
mepyramine maleate histosol: proprietary mixture of synthetic aromatic hydrocarbons forming an extremely nonpolar organic solvent	2.47	2	0
acitretin Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.	4.42	6	0	acitretin; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; retinoid	keratolytic drug
acrivastine acrivastine: a second generation antihistamine. acrivastine : A member of the class of pyridines that is (pyridin-2-yl)acrylic acid substituted at position 6 by a [(1E)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl group. It is a non-sedating antihistamine used for treatment of hayfever, urticaria, and rhinitis.	2.43	2	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; N-alkylpyrrolidine; olefinic compound; pyridines	H1-receptor antagonist
cefroxadine cefroxadine: orally active, broad spectrum cephalosporin. cefroxadine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methoxy and [(2R)-2-amino-2-(cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	1.99	1	0	cephalosporin
cyproterone Cyproterone: An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (CYPROTERONE ACETATE), also has progestational properties. It is used in the treatment of hypersexuality in males, as a palliative in prostatic carcinoma, and, in combination with estrogen, for the therapy of severe acne and hirsutism in females.	2.04	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; chlorinated steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	androgen antagonist
dihydrocodeine dihydrocodeine: RN refers to parent cpd(5alpha,6alpha)-isomer	2.74	3	0	morphinane alkaloid
dorzolamide dorzolamide: topically effective ocular hypotensive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; RN refers to mono-HCl (4S-trans)-isomer. dorzolamide : 5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.	2.49	2	0	sulfonamide; thiophenes	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
dothiepin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	dothiepin
estropipate estropipate: used therapeutically in menopausal patients	3.23	1	0	piperazinium salt; steroid sulfate
ethisterone Ethisterone: 17 alpha-Hydroxypregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one. A synthetic steroid hormone with progestational effects.. ethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 17beta hydrogen is replaced by an ethynyl group. Ethisterone was the first orally active progestin and is a metabolite of danazol.	2.13	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol	drug metabolite; progestin
hydromorphone Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.	9.04	4	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
levetiracetam Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.	4.1	4	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ly 163892 loracarbef: 1-carbacephem antibiotic; has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; structure given in first source; carbacephems differ from cephalosporins in the substitution of a sulfur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring with a methylene group to form a tetrahydropyridine ring. loracarbef : A synthetic "carba" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.	4.54	7	0	carbacephem; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
nabilone nabilone: cannabinol deriv; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	3.23	1	0
nalmefene nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer	3.44	7	0	morphinane alkaloid
nalorphine Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete.	2.4	2	0	morphinane alkaloid
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	9.27	60	5	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.	4.08	4	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
oxymorphone Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)	3.59	2	0	morphinane alkaloid
vitamin k 1 Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.	3.68	2	0	phylloquinones; vitamin K	cofactor; human metabolite; plant metabolite
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	5.89	6	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
topiramate Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.	4.56	7	0	cyclic ketal; ketohexose derivative; sulfamate ester	anticonvulsant; sodium channel blocker
trospium chloride trospium chloride : An organic chloride salt of trospium. It is an antispasmodic drug used for the treatment of overactive bladder.	3.23	1	0
6alpha-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol 6alpha-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol bearing an additional 6alpha-hydroxy substituent.	2.13	1	0	6alpha-hydroxy steroid
gamma-cyclodextrin gamma-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of eight alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.	2.13	1	0	cyclodextrin
brefeldin a [no description available]	2.42	2	0	macrolide antibiotic	Penicillium metabolite
alvocidib alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.	2.45	2	0	dihydroxyflavone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
seocalcitol seocalcitol: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
fenretinide Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids.	2.74	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; retinoid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant
geldanamycin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; cysteine protease inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor
calcipotriene [no description available]	2.02	1	0	cyclopropanes; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; triol	antipsoriatic; drug allergen
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	7.42	37	1	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
pactamycin Pactamycin: Antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pactum used as an antineoplastic agent. It is also used as a tool in biochemistry because it inhibits certain steps in protein synthesis.	2.04	1	0
demycarosylturimycin h [no description available]	2.47	2	0
4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid 4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid: RN refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source. arotinoid acid : A retinoid that consists of benzoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 2-(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl group. It is a synthetic retinoid that acts as a selective agonist for the retinoic acid receptors (RAR).	2.03	1	0	benzoic acids; naphthalenes; retinoid	antineoplastic agent; retinoic acid receptor agonist; teratogenic agent
l-2-(carboxypropyl)glycine [no description available]	2.03	1	0
4-aminocrotonic acid [no description available]	2.03	1	0
acipimox acipimox: lipolysis inhibitor	2.08	1	0	pyrazinecarboxylic acid
ah 23848 AH 23848: thromboxane antagonist. AH23848 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (1R,2R,5S)- and (1S,2S,5R)-enantiomers of (4Z)-7-{5-[([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methoxy]-2-(morpholin-4-yl)-3-oxocyclopentyl}hept-4-enoic acid. The hemicalcium salt is a potent, specific thromboxane receptor-blocking drug that is orally active and has a long duration of action.. (1R,2R,5S)-AH23848 : A (4Z)-7-{5-[([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methoxy]-2-(morpholin-4-yl)-3-oxocyclopentyl}hept-4-enoic acid in which the stereocentres at positions 1, 2 and 5 have R-, R- and S-configuration respectively.	2.38	2	0	(4Z)-7-{5-[([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methoxy]-2-(morpholin-4-yl)-3-oxocyclopentyl}hept-4-enoic acid
anthramycin [no description available]	2.04	1	0
atosiban [no description available]	2.08	1	0	oligopeptide
benzphetamine Benzphetamine: A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222). benzphetamine : Dextroamphetamine in which the the hydrogens attached to the amino group are substituted by a methyl and a benzyl group. A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the treatment of obesity.	3.59	2	0	amphetamines; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; appetite depressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; sympathomimetic agent
bibo 3457 BIBO 3304: BIBO-3457 is the inactive enantiomer	2.04	1	0
bibp 3226 BIBP 3226: a selective non-peptide neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; BIBP-3435 is the S-enantiomer	2.04	1	0
bimatoprost Bimatoprost: A cloprostenol-derived amide that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.	2.08	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent
cicaprost cicaprost: RN given refers to (3aS-(2E,3aalpha,4alpha(3R,4R),5beta,6aalpha))-isomer	2.04	1	0	monoterpenoid
clobetasol Clobetasol: A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.. clobetasol : A 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid that is 16beta-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione bearing hydroxy groups at the 11beta and 17alpha positions, fluorine at position 9, and a chlorine substituent at position 21. It is used as its 17alpha-propionate ester to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.	2.02	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; SMO receptor agonist
cp 99994 3-(2-methoxybenzylamino)-2-phenylpiperidine: selective NK(1) receptor antagonist; CP-100263 is the inactive enantiomer	2	1	0
denopamine denopamine: structure given in first source	2.44	2	0	dimethoxybenzene
deamino arginine vasopressin Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.	4	4	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide	diagnostic agent; renal agent; vasopressin receptor agonist
desoximetasone Desoximetasone: A topical anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in DERMATOSES, skin allergies, PSORIASIS, etc.. desoximetasone : Dexamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position is substituted by hydrogen. A synthetic corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic in the treatment of various skin disorders, including skin allergies and psoriasis.	2.13	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug
dexmedetomidine [no description available]	3.58	2	0	medetomidine	alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; non-narcotic analgesic; sedative
fluticasone Fluticasone: A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.. fluticasone : A trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis.	2.02	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; thioester	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug
fr 173657 FR 173657: structure given in first source	2.42	2	0
kallidin Kallidin: A decapeptide bradykinin homolog cleaved from kininogen by kallikreins. It is a smooth-muscle stimulant and hypotensive agent that acts by vasodilatation.	8.5	8	0	peptide
fr 190997 FR 190997: structure given in first source	2.41	2	0
goserelin Goserelin: A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer.	3.23	1	0	organic molecular entity
benzyloxycarbonyl-phe-ala-fluormethylketone cathepsin B inhibitor : A cysteine protease inhibitor which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1).	2.6	1	0
halobetasol halobetasol: used in ointment to treat psoriasis; Ulobetasol cream contains 0.05% 6-fluoroclobetasol 17-propionate	2.02	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
iloprost Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.	3.71	10	0	carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol	platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
l 365260 L 365260: a CCK-B antagonist; structure given in first source; potent & selective CCK-B & gastrin receptor ligand; L 365260 and L 365346 are (R)- and (S)-stereoisomers, respectively	3.12	1	0	benzodiazepine
l 655,708 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
lacidipine [no description available]	2.97	4	0	cinnamate ester; tert-butyl ester
latanoprost Latanoprost: A prostaglandin F analog used to treat OCULAR HYPERTENSION in patients with GLAUCOMA.. latanoprost : A prostaglandin Falpha that is the isopropyl ester prodrug of latanoprost free acid. Used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.	2.45	2	0	isopropyl ester; prostaglandins Falpha; triol	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor; prodrug
taprostene [no description available]	1.96	1	0	benzoic acids
n-(n-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)alanyl)phenylglycine tert-butyl ester DAPT : A dipeptide consisting of alanylphenylglycine derivatised as a 3,5-difluorophenylacetamide at the amino terminal and a tert-butyl ester at the carboxy terminal. A gamma-secretase inhibitor.	2.6	1	0	carboxylic ester; difluorobenzene; dipeptide; tert-butyl ester	EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.	2.48	2	0	cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor
nalbuphine Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS.	4.23	5	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound	mu-opioid receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic
ro 41-1049 Ro 41-1049: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
nateglinide Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	4.26	5	0	phenylalanine derivative
neurokinin a Neurokinin A: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ B with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the BRONCHI.	5.09	14	0
neurokinin b Neurokinin B: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ A with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the URINARY BLADDER and UTERUS.	2.89	4	0	polypeptide
alatriopril alatriopril: shows promise for the treatment of various cardiovascular & salt-retention disorders	8.49	2	0
pd 123319 PD123319 : An imidazopyridine consisting of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine having 4-(dimethylamino)-3-methylbenzyl, diphenylacetyl and carboxy and groups at positions 1, 5 and 6 respectively	4.83	32	0	imidazopyridine	angiotensin receptor antagonist; endothelin receptor antagonist; vasoconstrictor agent
rimexolone [no description available]	2.02	1	0	20-oxo steroid
sb 200646a [no description available]	2.03	1	0
seglitide seglitide: more potent than somatostatin for inhibition of insulin, glucagon & growth hormone release; used experimentally in treatment of Alzheimer's disease; somatostatin receptor antagonist	2.44	2	0
sib 1893 SIB 1893: a selective mGluR5 antagonist; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
spirapril spirapril: structure given in first source	5.43	8	2	azaspiro compound; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; dithioketal; ethyl ester; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
sq 29548 SQ 29548: SQ-26538 is the ((1S-1alpha,2beta(5Z),3beta(1E,3R*),4alpha))-isomer; thromboxane A2 antagonist; thromboxane receptor antagonist	2.39	2	0
u-44619 thromboxane A2 agonist : An agonist that binds to and activates thromboxane A2 receptors.	2.13	1	0
vinorelbine [no description available]	4.53	7	0	acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; ring assembly; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
zuclopenthixol zuclopenthixol : The (Z)-isomer of clopenthixol.	2	1	0	clopenthixol	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
silodosin silodosin: an alpha(1a)-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist; structure given in first source	3.23	1	0	indolecarboxamide
ciprokiren ciprokiren: a renin inhibitor; prevents neointima formation to the same extent as cilazapril	1.98	1	0
su 6656 SU 6656: a c-Src kinase inhibitor; used to probe growth signaling; structure in first source. SU6656 : A member of the class of oxindoles that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which the hydrogeh at position 5 has been replaced by a dimethylaminosulfonyl group and in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group has been replaced by a 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-indol-2-yl group. It is a specific inhibitor of Src family kinase.	2.03	1	0
12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid 12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid: metabolite of arachidonic acid in blood platelet suspension; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.39	2	0	hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; long-chain fatty acid; trienoic fatty acid	metabolite
casticin casticin: from fruit of Vitex rotundifolia; structure in second source. casticin : A tetramethoxyflavone that consists of quercetagetin in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3, 6, 7 and 4' have been replaced by methoxy groups. It has been isolated from Eremophila mitchellii.	2.6	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; tetramethoxyflavone	apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
irisquinone irisquinone: from seeds of Iris pallasii Iridaceae; RN given refers to (Z)-isomer	2.04	1	0
licochalcone a licochalcone A: has both anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities; structure given in first source; isolated from root of Glycyrrhiza inflata; RN given refers to (E)-isomer	2.49	2	0	chalcones
5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one: isolated from the Chinese herb Scutellariae radix. oroxylin A : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-6.	2.52	2	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
(E)-2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside: Tyrosinase inhibitor from Polygonum multiflorum; structure in first source. (E)-2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside : A stilbenoid that is trans-stilbene which has been substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3, 5, and 4', and in which the hydroxy group at positon 2 has then been converted to the corresponding the beta-D-glucoside.	2.6	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; resorcinols; stilbenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor
furazolidone [no description available]	2.98	4	0
fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.	4.53	7	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; 5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
tyrphostin ag 555 [no description available]	2.81	3	0
tyrphostin ag-494 AG 494: tyrphostin that blocks Cdk2 activation; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
tyrphostin b44 tyrphostin B44: inhibits protein kinases; an analog of tyrphostin B46; B44(+) is B50, and is the stereoisomer of B44(-)	2.03	1	0
ag-490 [no description available]	2.42	2	0	catechols; enamide; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile; secondary carboxamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; STAT3 inhibitor
ag 112 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
ag 183 AG 183: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
bosutinib 4-((2,4-dichloro-5-methoxyphenyl)amino)-6-methoxy-7-(3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propoxy)-3-quinolinecarbonitrile: a Src kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	3.12	1	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; N-methylpiperazine; nitrile; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
semaxinib semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.	2.45	2	0	olefinic compound; oxindoles; pyrroles	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
orantinib orantinib: an antiangiogenic agent. orantinib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.	2.05	1	0
su 11248 [no description available]	3.59	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrroles	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; neuroprotective agent; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
nifuroxazide nifuroxazide: structure	2.13	1	0	benzoic acids
mitoguazone Mitoguazone: Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.. mitoguazone : A hydrazone obtained by formal condensation of the two carbonyl groups of methylglyoxal with the primary amino groups of two molecules of aminoguanidine.	2.04	1	0	guanidines; hydrazone	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 4.1.1.50 (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase) inhibitor
ergothioneine ergothioneine thione form : A L-histidine derivative that is N(alpha),N(alpha),N(alpha)-trimethyl-L-histidine in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the imdazole ring is replaced by a thioxo group.	1.98	1	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones; amino-acid betaine; L-histidine derivative; sulfur-containing amino acid	antioxidant; chelator; fungal metabolite; plant metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite
stilbamidine stilbamidine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0
romidepsin depsipeptide : A natural or synthetic compound having a sequence of amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues (usually alpha-amino and alpha-hydroxy acids), commonly but not necessarily regularly alternating.	2.04	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide; heterocyclic antibiotic; organic disulfide	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	2.71	3	0	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid: A lipoxygenase metabolite of ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumor cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274(3):1545-51; J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86(15):1145-51)	2.39	2	0
8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine: adenosine antagonist. 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine : Caffeine substituted at its 8-position by an (E)-3-chlorostyryl group.	2.03	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
bay 11-7085 BAY11-7085 : A sulfone that is benzene substituted by [(E)-2-cyanoethenyl]sulfonyl and tert-butyl groups at position 1 and 4, respectively. It is an irreversible inhibitor of IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation in cells (IC50 = 10 muM) and prevents the activation of NF-kappaB.	2.03	1	0	benzenes; nitrile; sulfone	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; NF-kappaB inhibitor
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers.	4.85	10	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; indoles; organofluorine compound
molsidomine [no description available]	2.98	4	0	ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion	antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
diamide Diamide: A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.	7.68	3	0	1,1'-azobis(N,N-dimethylformamide)
oxiconazole oxiconazole: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer; structure given in first source. oxiconazole : An oxime O-ether that is the 2,4-dichlorobenzyl ether of the oxime obtained by formal condensation of hydroxylamine with the carbonyl group of acetopnenone in which the phenyl group is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 4, and in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a 1H-imidazol-1-yl group. An antifungal agent, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) in creams and powders for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.	2.44	2	0	conazole antifungal drug; dichlorobenzene; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; oxime O-ether	antiinfective agent
pd 151746 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
rg 13022 RG 13022: structure given in first source	2.13	1	0
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)	3.24	6	0
cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.	2	1	0	alkali metal atom
octylmethoxycinnamate [no description available]	2.46	2	0	cinnamate ester
styrylquinoline styrylquinoline: structure in first source	2.13	1	0	2-styrylquinoline
trimethyltin trimethyltin : An organotin compound that consists of stannane in which three of the four hydrogens are substituted by methyl groups.	6.97	1	0
nomifensine maleate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
levorphanol Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection.	3.23	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
levallorphan Levallorphan: An opioid antagonist with properties similar to those of NALOXONE; in addition it also possesses some agonist properties. It should be used cautiously; levallorphan reverses severe opioid-induced respiratory depression but may exacerbate respiratory depression such as that induced by alcohol or other non-opioid central depressants. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p683)	1.97	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
thallium Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).	8.47	2	0	boron group element atom
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	7.03	1	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	5	12	0	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
morphine-6-glucuronide morphine-6-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer	2.04	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
dextromethorphan Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.	5.84	6	0	6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene	antitussive; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; oneirogen; prodrug; xenobiotic
nalbuphine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride
butorphanol Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.	4.25	5	0	morphinane alkaloid	antitussive; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
cefodizime cefodizime: RN given refers to (6R-(6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefodizime : A cephalosporin compound having 5-(carboxymethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	2.73	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
methylnaltrexone methylnaltrexone: RN given refers to parent cpd(5alpha)-isomer	2.04	1	0	phenanthrenes
cefixime [no description available]	4.65	8	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
delapril delapril: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source	6.94	14	6	peptide
lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	17.26	210	35	dipeptide	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
benazepril benazepril: structure given in first source. benazepril : A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.	10.67	33	10	benzazepine; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; lactam	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
ramipril Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.	13.46	111	18	azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; prodrug
candoxatril candoxatril : The 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl ester of the active enantiomer of candoxatrilat. Candoxatril is an orally active prodrug of candoxatrilat, a potent neutral endopeptidase (NEP, neprilysin) inhibitor used in the treatment of chronic heart failure.	8.38	1	1
verteporfin (2R,2(1)S)-8-ethenyl-2(1),2(2)-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-17-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13-propanoic acid : The 2(1),2(2),17-trimethyl ester of (2R,2(1)S)-2(1),2(2)-dicarboxy-8-ethenyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13,17-dipropanoic acid.	3.73	2	0
batimastat batimastat: structure given in first source; a synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. batimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3R)-5-methyl-3-{[(2S)-1-(methylamino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-2-[(thiophen-2-ylsulfanyl)methyl]hexanoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. It a broad-spectrum matrix metalloprotease inhibitor.	7.98	4	0	hydroxamic acid; L-phenylalanine derivative; organic sulfide; secondary carboxamide; thiophenes; triamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
indinavir sulfate Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.	6.02	14	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; piperazinecarboxamide	HIV protease inhibitor
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	9.18	5	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
glyceryl behenate 1-behenoylglycerol : A fatty acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group at position-1 of glycerol with the carboxy group of docosanoic acid.	2.05	1	0	1-monoglyceride; fatty acid ester	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
zimeldine Zimeldine: One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385)	3.89	3	0	styrenes
kavain [no description available]	2.13	1	0	racemate	glycine receptor antagonist
piperic acid piperinic acid: from Piper longum; structure in first source. (E,E)-piperic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is (E)-penta-2,4-dienoic acid substituted by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at position 5. It has been isolated from black pepper (Piper nigrum).	2.05	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; benzodioxoles	plant metabolite
isoalloxazine isoalloxazine: structure	2.03	1	0	benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
puerarin [no description available]	2.08	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; isoflavonoid
enalapril maleate enalapril maleate : The maleic acid salt of enalapril. It contains one molecule of maleic acid for each molecule of enalapril. Following oral administration, the ethyl ester group of enalapril is hydrolysed to afford the corresponding carboxylic acid, enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Enalapril is thus a prodrug for enalaprilat (which, unlike enalapril, is not absorbed by mouth), and its maleate is used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients.	2.78	3	0	maleate salt	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).	21.8	785	150	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug
trimebutine maleate salt [no description available]	2.13	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid
vinblastine sulfate [no description available]	2.98	4	0
vincristine sulfate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
3-(3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepin-7-yl)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1-benzopyran-4-one [no description available]	2.13	1	0	isoflavones
nitrofurazone Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.	2.75	3	0
trientine hydrochloride [no description available]	3.86	3	0
(2R)-2-[[(2R,3R,4R)-2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-(5-hydroxy-2-pyridinyl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutyl]amino]-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-5-(2,4-dioxo-1-pyrimidinyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-oxolanyl]acetic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0	peptide
n-methylscopolamine bromide scopolamine methobromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of scopolamine with methyl bromide.	3.87	3	0
deoxyribose [no description available]	2.9	4	0	deoxypentose	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)	7.41	14	2	butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate	human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
bleomycin [no description available]	3.59	2	0	bleomycin	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	7.4	36	1	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].	2.03	1	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	5.16	3	1	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
heroin Heroin: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed). heroin : A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses.	3.46	2	0	morphinane alkaloid	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; prodrug
dextromethorphan hydrobromide dextromethorphan hydrobromide : The hydrobromide and monohydrate of the antitussive drug dextromethorphan.	2.74	3	0	hydrate; hydrobromide
indinavir sulfate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	azaheterocycle sulfate salt
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)- [no description available]	2.04	1	0	peptide
enalaprilat anhydrous Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.	11.15	133	4	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
benazeprilat benazeprilat: structure given in first source. benazeprilat : A benzazepine that is 1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-1-benzazepin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a carboxy methyl group and in which the 3-pro-S hydrogen is replaced by the amino group of (2S)-2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid. An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, it is used as its monoester prodrug benazepril in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.	7.67	3	0	benzazepine; dicarboxylic acid; lactam	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source	2.11	1	0
naloxone hydrochloride naloxone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of naloxone and hydrogen chloride. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
ramiprilat ramiprilat : A dipeptide that is the active metabolite of ramipril. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.	4.38	21	0	azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
trandolaprilat trandolaprilat: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; RN 87679-71-8 refers to trandolaprilat. trandolaprilat : A heterobicyclic compound that is trandolapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding acid group. It is the active metabolite of the prodrug trandolapril.	1.98	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite
ditekiren ditekiren: orally active renin inhibitor	7.67	3	0
imidapril imidapril: structure given in first source. imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure.	6.36	11	4	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; imidazolidines; N-acylurea; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
s-trans,trans-farnesylthiosalicylic acid farnesylthiosalicylic acid: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	sesquiterpenoid
sulindac sulfone sulindac sulfone: inhibits K-ras-dependent cyclooxygenase-2; sulfated analog of indomethacin;; CP248 is an antineoplastic agent that fosters microtubule depolymerization; structure in first source. sulindac sulfone : A sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps. Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor.	2.73	3	0	monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfone	apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
cinanserin Cinanserin: A serotonin antagonist with limited antihistaminic, anticholinergic, and immunosuppressive activity.. cinanserin : An aryl sulfide that is (2E)-3-phenyl-N-(2-sulfanylphenyl)prop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen of the thiol group is substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. It is a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist and an inhibitor of SARS-CoV replication.	1.96	1	0	aryl sulfide; cinnamamides; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor
solanesol solanesol : A nonaprenol that is hexatriaconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34-nonaen-1-ol substituted by 9 methyl groups at positions 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31 and 35 (the all-trans0stereoisomer).	2.6	1	0	nonaprenol; primary alcohol	plant metabolite
pepstatin pepstatin: inhibits the aspartic protease endothiapepsin	6.94	13	0	pentapeptide; secondary carboxamide	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidase) inhibitor
ximelagatran ximelagatran: prodrug (via hydroxylation) of melagatran & a direct thrombin inhibitor; liver toxicity concerns so AZD0837 being developed to replace this. ximelagatran : A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted into the corresponding amidoxime. A prodrug for melagatran, ximelagatran was the first orally available direct thrombin inhibitor to be brought to market as an anticoagulant, but was withdrawn in 2006 following reports of it causing liver damage.	4.08	4	0	amidoxime; azetidines; carboxamide; ethyl ester; hydroxylamines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; tertiary carboxamide	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; prodrug; serine protease inhibitor
cefuroxime [no description available]	4.75	9	0	3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin; furans; oxime O-ether	drug allergen
ceftriaxone [no description available]	4.85	10	0	1,2,4-triazines; 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefepime Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	4.4	6	0	cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug
hr 810 cefpirome: structure in first source. cefpirome : A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin; cyclopentapyridine
l 685458 L 685458: a gamma-secretase inhibitor; structure in first source. L-685,458 : A peptide and carboxamide that is L-leucyl-L-phenylalaninamide, L-Leu-L-Phe-NH2, which has been acylated on the N-terminus by a Phe-Phe hydroxyethylene dipeptide isotere, 2R-benzyl-5S-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4R-hydroxy-6-phenylhexanoic acid. Compounds based on the structure of L-685,458 are potent inhibitors of gamma-secretase, which mediates the final catalytic step that generates the amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta), which assembles into the neurotoxic aggregates in the brains of sufferers of Alzheimer's disease.	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester; monocarboxylic acid amide; peptide; secondary alcohol	EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor; peptidomimetic
1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone: from roots of Cudrania cochinchinensis	1.98	1	0
pafuramidine pafuramidine: a prodrug of furamidine	3.59	2	0
ceftazidime [no description available]	4.53	7	0	cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
ici 118551 ICI 118551: RN given refers to (R,R)-(+-)-isomer; structure in first source; ICI 111581 is hydrochloride of ICI 118551. ICI 118551 : An indane substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 4 by a 3-(isopropylamino)-2-hydroxybutoxy group (the 2R,3S-diastereomer).	3.36	7	0	aromatic ether; indanes; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic antagonist
trandolapril trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension.	10.3	27	6	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
dermorphin dermorphin: opiate-like peptide present in amphibian skin	2.88	4	0	oligopeptide
naltrexone hydrochloride naltrexone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of oxycodone with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. it is a mu-opioid receptor antagonist that is used to treat alcohol dependence.	2.47	2	0	hydrochloride	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-: An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.	3.12	5	0
sch 32615 [no description available]	2.67	3	0
enkephalin-met, ala(2)- enkephalin-Met, Ala(2)-: synthetic analog of methionine enkephalin	1.96	1	0
pregabalin Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.	8.92	3	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker
n-(8-amino-1-carboxyoctyl)-alanyl-proline N-(8-amino-1-carboxyoctyl)-alanyl-proline: structure given in first source	2.38	2	0
cefetamet cefetamet: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; structure given in first source. cefetamet : A cephalosporin compound having methyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side-groups; a cephalosporin antibiotic active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.	2.74	3	0	cephalosporin
alvimopan anhydrous alvimopan: mu opioid receptor antagonist; intended to treat constipation in patients taking opiates for pain	3.61	2	0	peptide
oxyfedrine Oxyfedrine: A drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris, heart failure, conduction defects, and myocardial infarction. It is a partial agonist at beta adrenergic receptors and acts as a coronary vasodilator and cardiotonic agent.	2.46	2	0	aromatic ketone
n(alpha)-phosphorylalanylproline N(alpha)-phosphorylalanylproline: inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme; RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.38	2	0
aliskiren aliskiren: orally active nonpeptidic renin inhibitor. aliskiren : A monomethoxybenzene compound having a 3-methoxypropoxy group at the 2-position and a multi-substituted branched alkyl substituent at the 4-position.	13.53	14	2	monocarboxylic acid amide; monomethoxybenzene	antihypertensive agent
bms 806 BMS 806: prevents entry of HIV into cells by binding HIV envelope protein gp120; no further info available 4/2002	2.6	1	0
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone [no description available]	2.6	1	0
naltrindole naltrindole: delta opioid receptor antagonist	1.99	1	0	isoquinolines
guanabenz acetate [no description available]	2.76	3	0	dichlorobenzene	geroprotector
guanabenz Guanabenz: An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent.	9.48	5	1	dichlorobenzene
hydrocortisone acetate, (11beta)-isomer [no description available]	1.99	1	0
nylidrin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.47	2	0	alkylbenzene
triprolidine hydrochloride anhydrous triprolidine hydrochloride (anh.) : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of triprolidine and hydrogen chloride. Its monohydrate is used for the symptomatic relief of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.	2.47	2	0	hydrochloride	H1-receptor antagonist
phentolamine [no description available]	2.13	1	0
famotidine [no description available]	5.16	14	0	1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide	anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
fenoterol fenoterol hydrobromide : The hydrobromide salt of fenoterol. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.	2.74	3	0	hydrobromide	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent
fendiline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
tiapridex Tiapride Hydrochloride: A benzamide derivative that is used as a dopamine antagonist.	2.47	2	0	benzamides
quipazine maleate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
n-(2-aminoethyl)-4-chlorobenzamide hydrochloride Ro 16-6491: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
nab-365 clenbuterol hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of clenbuterol.	2.13	1	0	hydrochloride	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent
tulobuterol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.52	2	0	organic molecular entity
hp 029 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
resiniferatoxin resiniferatoxin: phorbol related diterpene ester; potent agonist of vanilloid TRPV1 receptors. resiniferatoxin : A heteropentacyclic compound found in Euphorbia poissonii with molecular formula C37H40O9. It is an agonist of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TrpV1).	1.98	1	0	carboxylic ester; diterpenoid; enone; monomethoxybenzene; organic heteropentacyclic compound; ortho ester; phenols; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	analgesic; neurotoxin; plant metabolite; TRPV1 agonist
dithiazanine iodide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	benzothiazoles; organic iodide salt	anthelminthic drug; fluorochrome
carbocyanines Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.	2.05	1	0	cyanine dye; organic iodide salt	fluorochrome
salubrinal salubrinal: prevents dephosphorylation of eIF2alpha; structure in first source. salubrinal : A member of the class of quinolines that is a mixed aminal resulting from the formal condensation oftrichloroacetaldehyde with the amide nitrogen of trans-cinnamamide and the primary amino group of 1-quinolin-8-ylthiourea. It is a selective inhibitor of cellular complexes that dephosphorylate eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha (eIF2alpha).	2.6	1	0	aminal; organochlorine compound; quinolines; secondary carboxamide; thioureas
cefotaxime Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.	4.25	5	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
aztreonam [no description available]	4.94	11	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; monobactam	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
n-(1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl)-alanyl-alanyl-phenylalanine-4-aminobenzoate N-(1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl)-alanyl-alanyl-phenylalanine-4-aminobenzoate: inhibitor of Endopeptidase-24.15	2.67	3	0
angiotensin ii, 1-sar-5-ile-8-ala- [no description available]	1.97	1	0
n-(1-carboxy-3-carboxanilidopropyl)alanylproline N-(1-carboxy-3-carboxanilidopropyl)alanylproline: structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
n,n,n-trimethyl-1-(4-stilbenoxy)-2-propylammonium iodide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2h-pyran-2-one 6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2H-pyran-2-one: structure given in first source; potent irreversible, mechanism-based inhibitor of myocardial calcium-independent phospholipase A2	2.03	1	0	naphthalenes
cgp 37849 2-amino-4-methyl-5-phosphono-3-pentenoic acid: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; CGP-40116 is the (R)-enantiomer of CGP-37849; CGP-40017 is the L-isomer	6.98	1	0
nf023 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
nf 449 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
7-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridine [no description available]	2.03	1	0
gr 46611 GR 46611: known to lower body temperature in guinea pigs	2.03	1	0
proguanil Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells.	2.46	2	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
cci 15641 [no description available]	2.95	4	0	cephalosporin
rifamycin sv rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties.	2.47	2	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketal; lactam; macrocycle; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol; rifamycins	antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; bacterial metabolite
ginkgolide b [no description available]	2.45	2	0
ro 42-5892 remikiren : An L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a (2S)-2-[(2-methylpropane-2-sulfonyl)methyl]-3-phenylpropanoyl group and the carboxy group is replaced by a [(2S,3R,4S)-1-cyclohexyl-4-cyclopropyl-3,4-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]amino group. It is a renin inhibitor which was under development for the treatment of hypertension (now discontinued).	6.13	5	2	cyclopropanes; diol; L-histidine derivative; secondary carboxamide; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.23.15 (renin) inhibitor; peptidomimetic; vasodilator agent
saralasin Saralasin: An octapeptide analog of angiotensin II (bovine) with amino acids 1 and 8 replaced with sarcosine and alanine, respectively. It is a highly specific competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II that is used in the diagnosis of HYPERTENSION.	12.78	206	4	oligopeptide
tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.	3.37	7	0	azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid	animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	4.64	6	1	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
ceftiofur [no description available]	2.04	1	0
oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.	2.05	1	0
1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine 1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine: RN given in first source; RN refers to ion(1-); do not confuse with DEA-NO cpd	2.11	1	0	organic anion
cefpodoxime [no description available]	3.56	2	0	carboxylic acid; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
palonosetron Palonosetron: Isoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.. palonosetron : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.	3.58	2	0	azabicycloalkane; delta-lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound	antiemetic; serotonergic antagonist
(3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid Fluvastatin: An indole-heptanoic acid derivative that inhibits HMG COA REDUCTASE and is used to treat HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. In contrast to other statins, it does not appear to interact with other drugs that inhibit CYP3A4.. (3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which both chiral centres have S configuration.. fluvastatin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3R,5S)- and (3S,5R)-fluvastatin. An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, it is used (often as the corresponding sodium salt) to reduce triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and increase HDL-chloesterol, in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.	2.11	1	0	(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
epoprostenol sodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0	prostanoid
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate tenofovir disoproxil fumarate : A fumarate salt prepared from equimolar amounts of tenofovir disoproxil and fumaric acid. It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.	2.08	1	0	fumarate salt	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
diacetylmonoxime diacetylmonoxime: used diagnostically for determining urea in blood; structure; myosin ATPase antagonist. diacetylmonoxime : A ketoxime obtained via formal condensation of butane-2,3-dione with hydroxylamine. It is a reversible myosin ATPase inhibitor.	2.03	1	0
cefatrizine Cefatrizine: Orally active semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity.. cefatrizine : A cephalosporin compound having (1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylsulfanyl)methyl and [(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)]acetamido side-groups. An antibacterial drug first prepared in the 1970s, it has more recently been found to be an inhibitor of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF2K), which is known to regulate apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress in many types of human cancers.	3.15	5	0	amino acid amide; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; phenols; semisynthetic derivative; triazoles	antibacterial drug; EC 2.7.11.20 (elongation factor 2 kinase) inhibitor
fk 409 FK 409: structure given in first source; from Streptomyces griseoporeus	2.01	1	0
sinequan [no description available]	2.13	1	0	dibenzooxazepine
homatropine hydrobromide, (endo-(+-)-isomer) [no description available]	2.03	1	0
enclomiphene citrate [no description available]	2.05	1	0
buflomedil hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	aromatic ketone
vancomycin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
moxisylyte hydrochloride [no description available]	2.47	2	0	monoterpenoid
dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.	2.73	3	0	maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant	anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
diphenoxylate hydrochloride diphenoxylate hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenoxylate.	2.46	2	0	hydrochloride	antidiarrhoeal drug
eniporide eniporide: inhibits NHE-1 isoform; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate: RN given refers to unspecified fumarate	2.03	1	0
dexbrompheniramine maleate dexbrompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of the (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.	2.08	1	0	brompheniramine maleate	anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist
simethicone Simethicone: A poly(dimethylsiloxane) which is a polymer of 200-350 units of dimethylsiloxane, along with added silica gel. It is used as an antiflatulent, surfactant, and ointment base.	1.99	1	0
flupirtine [no description available]	2.03	1	0
cilastatin [no description available]	2.73	3	0	carboxamide; L-cysteine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organic sulfide	EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
zimelidine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
ozolinone ozolinone: active metabolite of etozolin; RN refers to (Z)-isomer; structure in first source	2.38	2	0
6-(4-(2-(((4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl)amino)ethyl)phenyl)-6-(3-pyridyl)hex-5-enoic acid 6-(4-(2-(((4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl)amino)ethyl)phenyl)-6-(3-pyridyl)hex-5-enoic acid: combined thromboxane A2 receptor & thromboxane synthesis inhibitor; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (E)-isomer	3.12	1	0
nitrocefin nitrocefin: chromogenic cephalosporin used for detection of beta-lactamase activity; Cefinase is name for nitrocefin on paper disc; RN given refers to (6R-(3(E),6 alpha,7 beta))-isomer; structure for mono-Na salt in second source	2.46	2	0
rifaximin [no description available]	3.61	2	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketal; lactam; macrocycle; organic heterohexacyclic compound; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative	antimicrobial agent; gastrointestinal drug; orphan drug
bafilomycin a1 bafilomycin A1: from Streptomyces griseus; structure given in first source. bafilomycin A1 : The most used of the bafilomycins, a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics derived from Streptomyces griseus.	4.04	2	0	cyclic hemiketal; macrolide antibiotic; oxanes	apoptosis inducer; autophagy inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; fungicide; potassium ionophore; toxin
germacrone germacrone: isolated from Curcuma wenyujin	2.6	1	0	germacrane sesquiterpenoid; olefinic compound	androgen antagonist; anti-inflammatory agent; antifeedant; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antitussive; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; hepatoprotective agent; insecticide; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
carboprostacyclin carboprostacyclin: potent stable prostacyclin analog which inhibits platelet aggretation; do not confuse with carboprost (15-methyl-PGF2alpha); RN given refers to (3aS-(2Z,3aalpha,4alpha(1E,R*),5beta,6aalpha))-isomer; structure given in first source	2.08	1	0	prostanoid
1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol [no description available]	2.13	1	0	1,2-diglyceride
ergonovine maleate ergometrine maleate : A maleate salt resulting form the reaction of equimolar amounts of maleic acid and ergometrine. It is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced.	2.46	2	0	maleate salt	diagnostic agent; oxytocic
sibiromycin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aminoglycoside antibiotic; hemiaminal; phenols; pyrrolobenzodiazepine	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
(2e,4e,6e,10e)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,4,6,10,14-hexadecapentaenoic acid (2E,4E,6E,10E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,4,6,10,14-hexadecapentaenoic acid: an acyclic retinoid that suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
limaprost limaprost: RN given refers to (2E,11alpha,13E,15S,17S)-isomer	1.98	1	0	long-chain fatty acid
rupintrivir rupintrivir: a rhinovirus 3C protease inhibitor	3.1	1	0
lithospermic acid [no description available]	2.6	1	0
everolimus [no description available]	3.9	3	0	cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14,17-eicospentaenoic acid 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14,17-eicospentaenoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.98	1	0
hydroxysafflor yellow a hydroxysafflor yellow A: from Carthamus tinctorius; structure given in first source. hydroxysafflor yellow A : A C-glycosyl compound that is 3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one which is substituted by beta-D-glucosyl groups at positions 2 and 4, and by a p-hydroxycinnamoyl group at position 6. It is the main bioactive compound of a traditional Chinese medicine obtained from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius).	2.1	1	0
laq824 LAQ824: Histone deacetylase inhibitor	2.6	1	0
ixabepilone [no description available]	3.86	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; beta-hydroxy ketone; epoxide; lactam; macrocycle	antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent
ekb 569 EKB 569: an EGF receptor kinase inhibitor	2.6	1	0	aminoquinoline; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile	protein kinase inhibitor
pregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dione, (17z)-isomer [no description available]	2.03	1	0
gavestinel [no description available]	2.02	1	0
su 4312 SU4312 : A member of the class of oxindoles that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group has been replaced by a p-(dimethylamino)phenyl group. SU 4312 is a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor protein tyrosine kinase 1/2 and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor inhibitor. It also inhibits the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and exhibits neuroprotection against NO-mediated neurotoxicity.	2.03	1	0
rilpivirine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aminopyrimidine; nitrile	EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
(1Ar,7aS,10aS,10bS)-1a,5-dimethyl-8-methylidene-2,3,6,7,7a,8,10a,10b-octahydrooxireno[9,10]cyclodeca[1,2-b]furan-9(1aH)-one [no description available]	2.6	1	0	germacranolide
dirithromycin [no description available]	2.46	2	0	macrolide antibiotic	prodrug
4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid [no description available]	2.6	1	0	quinic acid
indigo carmine 3,5-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid: from roots of Lychnophora ericoides; structure in first source. 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid : A carboxylic ester that is the diester obtained by the condensation of the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 of (-)-quinic acid with the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid. Isolated from Brazilian propolis and Suaeda glauca, it exhibits hepatoprotective and cytotoxic activities.	2.6	1	0
nifuroxime 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde oxime: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
azlocillin Azlocillin: A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.. azlocillin : A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae.	2.97	4	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
verlukast verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist	2.46	2	0
gw 1929 GW 1929: activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma; structure in first source	2.03	1	0	benzophenones
cefpodoxime proxetil cefpodoxime proxetil: structure given in first source; prodrug for cefpodoxime. cefpodoxime proxetil : The 1-[(isopropoxycarbonyl)oxy]ethyl (proxetil) ester prodrug of cefpodoxime. After swallowing, hydrolysis of the ester group occurs in the intestinal epithelium, to release active cefpodoxime in the bloodstream. It is used to treat acute otitis media, pharyngitis, and sinusitis.	2.74	3	0	carboxylic acid; carboxylic ester; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; prodrug
ceftizoxime [no description available]	5.16	8	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
cefclidin cefclidin: structure given in first source. cefclidin : A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (4-carbamoyl-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl)methyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	2.02	1	0	cephalosporin; thiadiazoles
1-methyl-d-lysergic acid butanolamide [no description available]	4.08	4	0	ergot alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide	serotonergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
carumonam carumonam: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,3alpha(Z))-isomer. carumonam : An N-sulfonated monobactam antibiotic.	2.04	1	0	monobactam	antibacterial drug
beta-escin [no description available]	2.39	2	0
fluphenazine [no description available]	2.51	2	0
homochlorocyclizine monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
butoxamine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
scopolamine hydrobromide scopolamine hydrobromide (anhydrous) : A hydrobromide that is obtained by reaction of scopolamine with hydrogen bromide.	2.13	1	0
protriptyline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.47	2	0	hydrochloride	antidepressant
emetine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
n(4)-chloroacetylcytosine arabinoside [no description available]	2.03	1	0
n-(3-(cyclohexylidene-(1h-imidazol-4-ylmethyl))phenyl)ethanesulfonamide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
n-(4-amino-2-chlorophenyl)phthalimide N-(4-amino-2-chlorophenyl)phthalimide: has anticonvulsant activity; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
cb 34 CB 34: ligand for peripheral benzodiazepine receptors; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
b 43 RK-24466 : A member of the class of pyrrolopyrimidines that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted by amino, 4-phenoxyphenyl, and cyclopentyl groups at positions 4, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of Lck that inhibits Lck (64-509) and LckCD isoforms (IC50 of less than 1 and 2 nM, respectively).	2.03	1	0	aromatic amine; aromatic ether; cyclopentanes; primary amino compound; pyrrolopyrimidine	EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
(8R)-7-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-2,13,14-triol [no description available]	2.03	1	0	aporphine alkaloid
(8R)-7-propyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-2,13,14-triol [no description available]	2.03	1	0	aporphine alkaloid
3-(6-chloro-3-pyridazinyl)-3,8-diazabicyclo(3.2.1)octane 3-(6-chloro-3-pyridazinyl)-3,8-diazabicyclo(3.2.1)octane: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
2-(3,3-diphenylpropylamino)acetamide [no description available]	2.03	1	0	diarylmethane
4-(2-(phenylsulfonylamino)ethylthio)-2,6-difluorophenoxyacetamide 4-(2-(phenylsulfonylamino)ethylthio)-2,6-difluorophenoxyacetamide: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
gw2974 GW2974: quinazoline derivative, which is able to block the activation of both the EGFR and erbB2	2.03	1	0	pyridopyrimidine
l 162313 L 162313: a biphenylimidazole derivative; a non-peptide angiotensin agonist; no further information available 2/95	2.03	1	0
l-165041 4-(3-(2-propyl-3-hydroxy-4-acetyl)phenoxy)propyloxyphenoxy acetic acid: a PPAR-delta agonist has regulatory effects on a variety of adipokines, and these effects might explain some of their metabolic function.	2.03	1	0	aromatic ketone
mrs 1754 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	oxopurine
s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.	3.52	8	0	nitroso compound; nitrosothio compound	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
pd 404182 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
sb 222200 [no description available]	2.42	2	0	quinolines
dantrolene sodium dantrolene sodium (anhydrous) : The anhydrous sodium salt of dantrolene.	2.96	4	0
cr 2945 CR 2945: a member of non-peptide CCKB receptor antagonist	2.03	1	0
nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.	5.28	16	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
sb 218795 SB 218795: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	quinolines
dihydroceramide N-acetylsphinganine : A dihydroceramide in which the ceramide acyl group is specified as acetyl.	2.03	1	0	N-acylsphinganine
lactacystin [no description available]	7.15	1	0	lactam; S-substituted L-cysteine
nifurtimox Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.	2.72	3	0	nitrofuran antibiotic
epinephrine bitartrate [no description available]	2.47	2	0
bicuculline methobromide [no description available]	2.47	2	0
6 beta-hydroxycortisol 6 beta-hydroxycortisol: RN given refers to the (6beta,11beta)-isomer; see also record for 6 alpha-hydrocortisol. 6beta-hydroxycortisol : A C21-steroid that is cortisol bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at the 6beta-position. In humans, it is produced as a metabolite of cortisol by cytochrome p450-3A4 (CYP3A4, an important enzyme involved in the metabolism of a variety of exogenous and endogenous compounds) and can be used to detect moderate and potent CYP3A4 inhibition in vivo.	2.13	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; 6beta-hydroxy steroid; C21-steroid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mammalian metabolite; probe
butylscopolammonium bromide Butylscopolammonium Bromide: Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract.	2.97	4	0
androst-16-en-3-one androst-16-en-3-one: boar taint steroid; RN given refers to (5alpha)-isomer. 5alpha-androst-16-en-3-one : An androstanoid that is 5alpha-androst-16-ene substituted by an oxo group at position 3. It is a steroid pheromone found in high concentrations in the saliva of male pigs,.	2.13	1	0	3-oxo steroid; androstanoid	mammalian metabolite; pheromone
butaclamol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.47	2	0
dihydroouabain [no description available]	2.13	1	0	cardenolide glycoside	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; radiosensitizing agent
LSM-6455 [no description available]	2.13	1	0	peptide ergot alkaloid
estradiol 17-acetate [no description available]	2.13	1	0	steroid ester
gadolinium dtpa Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)	3.39	1	1	gadolinium coordination entity	MRI contrast agent
ergoline Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors.	3.05	1	0	diamine; ergoline alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound
sq-23377 Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.	1.98	1	0	cyclic ether; enol; polyunsaturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid	calcium ionophore; metabolite
eritoran eritoran : A lipid A derivative used for the treatment of severe sepsis.	2.04	1	0	lipid As
dantrolene [no description available]	4.07	4	0
ik 682 IK 682: inhibits TNF-alpha converting enzyme; structure in first source	3.41	1	0	hydroxamic acid; pyrrolidin-2-ones; quinolines
roxithromycin (E)-roxithromycin : A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.	2.76	3	0	roxithromycin	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cefdinir [no description available]	3.61	2	0	cephalosporin; ketoxime	antibacterial drug
fumagillin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; carboxylic ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; meroterpenoid; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; spiro-epoxide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; fungal metabolite; methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor
enkephalin, leucine-2-alanine Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine: A delta-selective opioid (ANALGESICS, OPIOID). It can cause transient depression of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate.	3.23	6	0
etonogestrel [no description available]	3.23	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin
a 38503 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
bisoprolol, fumarate (1:1) salt [no description available]	2.08	1	0
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin hydrobromide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
sk&f 89976-a [no description available]	2.03	1	0
cv 1808 2-phenylaminoadenosine: has coronary & cardiohemodynamic effects	2.03	1	0	purine nucleoside
pentopril CGS 13945: structure given in first source	3.77	3	0
artesunate artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether	4.29	5	0	artemisinin derivative; cyclic acetal; dicarboxylic acid monoester; hemisuccinate; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; ferroptosis inducer
mc 838 MC 838: RN given refers to Ca[2:1]salt(R-(R*,S))-isomer; structure given in first source	2.37	2	0
enkephalin-leu, ala(2)-arg(6)- enkephalin-Leu, Ala(2)-Arg(6)-: RN refers to (L-Arg-L-Tyr-D-Ala-L-Phe-L-Leu)-isomer	2.4	2	0
beraprost beraprost: stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source. beraprost : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia.	2.43	2	0	enyne; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol; secondary allylic alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin receptor agonist; vasodilator agent
rhc 3659 pivalopril: structure given in first source	9.16	5	0	N-acyl-amino acid
lanreotide [no description available]	2.05	1	0
vapiprost vapiprost: thromboxane receptor antagonist; prostaglandin receptor antagonist	1.98	1	0
etoposide phosphate [no description available]	2.08	1	0	furonaphthodioxole
dexniguldipine niguldipine: structure given in first source; clinical modulator of multidrug resistance	2.04	1	0	diarylmethane
ciclesonide ciclesonide: nasal spray approved for seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis	2.08	1	0	organic molecular entity
napsagatran napsagatran: structure given in first source	3.81	3	0
temsirolimus [no description available]	3.87	3	0	macrolide lactam
dutasteride Dutasteride: A 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR that is reported to inhibit both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. dutasteride : An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland.	3.61	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aza-steroid; delta-lactam	antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
(3S,6S,9S,12R)-3-[(2S)-Butan-2-yl]-6-[(1-methoxyindol-3-yl)methyl]-9-(6-oxooctyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazabicyclo[10.4.0]hexadecane-2,5,8,11-tetrone [no description available]	4.39	3	0	oligopeptide
bay 12-9566 Bay 12-9566: an angiogenesis inhibitor with matrix metalloproteinase inhibitory activity	3.1	1	0	biphenyls; organochlorine compound
tekturna [no description available]	2.08	1	0	fumarate salt	antihypertensive agent
chf 1024 CHF 1024: a DA2-dopaminergic receptor / alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist	2	1	0
lu 208075 ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension	4.1	4	0	diarylmethane
bms188797 [no description available]	2.04	1	0
bibx 1382bs BIBX 1382BS: an ErbB receptor kinase inhibitor; no further information available 4/2001	3.59	2	0	substituted aniline
vildagliptin [no description available]	4.26	3	1	amino acid amide
fesoterodine fesoterodine: a muscarinic antagonist for treatment of overactive bladder	3.23	1	0	diarylmethane
belinostat [no description available]	2.76	2	0	hydroxamic acid; olefinic compound; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
panobinostat Panobinostat: An indole and hydroxamic acid derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used as an antineoplastic agent in combination with BORTEZOMIB and DEXAMETHASONE for the treatment of MULTIPLE MYELOMA.. panobinostat : A hydroxamic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2E)-3-[4-({[2-(2-methylindol-3-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor used (as its lactate salt) in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone for the treatment of multiple myeloma.	2.25	1	0	cinnamamides; hydroxamic acid; methylindole; secondary amino compound	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
hdac-42 HDAC-42: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	amidobenzoic acid
valyltyrosine valyltyrosine: from sardine muscle hydrolyzate. Val-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-tyrosine residues.	2.42	2	0	dipeptide	metabolite
acetylcarnitine O-acetyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.	2.05	1	0	O-acetylcarnitine; saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.	3.33	2	0	ammonium ion derivative
chloralose Chloralose: A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most common use is as a general anesthetic in animal experiments.	7.36	2	0
(3aR,6aR)-5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-3-[oxo(2-pyrazinyl)methyl]-3a,6a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazole-4,6-dione [no description available]	2.13	1	0	pyrrolidines
shu 508 SHU 508: intravenous saccharide echo contrast agent with transpulmonary capacity for left heart contrast; appears in Japanese literature as SH/TA-508	4.89	2	1
phosphocreatine Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group.	3.37	7	0	phosphagen; phosphoamino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
grayanotoxin i grayanotoxin I: RN given refers to (3beta,6beta,14R)-isomer; structure. grayanotoxin I : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is grayanotoxane in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 14 is substituted by an acetoxy group and in which the 3beta-, 5-, 6beta-, 10-, and 16- positions are substituted by hydroxy groups.	1.96	1	0	acetate ester; pentol; secondary alcohol; tertiary alcohol; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antihypertensive agent; metabolite; neuromuscular agent; phytotoxin
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	2.81	3	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent
sgd 301-76 [no description available]	2.08	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; organic nitrate salt	antiinfective agent
fluvoxamine maleate [no description available]	2.46	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
formazans Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.	2.41	2	0
thioacetazone Thioacetazone: A thiosemicarbazone that is used in association with other antimycobacterial agents in the initial and continuation phases of antituberculosis regimens. Thiacetazone containing regimens are less effective than the short-course regimen recommended by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and are used in some developing countries to reduce drug costs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p217). thiosemicarbazone : A hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with the non-thioacylated nitrogen of thiosemicarbazide or its substituted derivatives.	2.46	2	0
azimilide azimilide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to dihydrochloride	2.04	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
chlorproguanil chlorproguanil: dichloro-derivative of chloroguanide; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene
nifurtoinol nifurtoinol : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group and at position 3 by a hydroxymethyl group.	2.05	1	0	hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
cefozopran [no description available]	2.02	1	0	cephalosporin; imidazopyridazine; thiadiazoles
gemifloxacin Gemifloxacin: A naphthyridine and fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial infections associated with chronic bronchitis.. gemifloxacin : A 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a substituted pyrrolin-1-yl group at the 7-position.	3.23	1	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
gs-7340 tenofovir alafenamide: component of Biktarvy. tenofovir alafenamide : An L-alanine derivative that is isopropyl L-alaninate in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by an (S)-({[(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)(phenoxy)phosphoryl group. A prodrug for tenofovir, it is used (as the fumarate salt) in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.	2.6	1	0	6-aminopurines; ether; isopropyl ester; L-alanine derivative; phosphoramidate ester	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
bimoclomol bimoclomol: RN given for (+-)-isomer; induces stress proteins; has cytoprotective effects	2	1	0
dexlansoprazole Dexlansoprazole: The R-isomer of lansoprazole that is used to treat severe GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE.	3.61	2	0	benzimidazoles; sulfoxide
gemifloxacin mesylate gemifloxacin mesylate : The mesylate salt of gemifloxacin.	2.08	1	0	methanesulfonate salt	antimicrobial agent; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
naloxone benzoylhydrazone [no description available]	2.03	1	0
fosinopril [no description available]	5.08	5	0
armodafinil armodafinil : A 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide that has R configuration at the sulfur atom. Like its racemate, modafinil, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. Peak concentration in the blood later occurs later following administration than with modafinil, so it is thought that armodafinil may be more effective than modafinil in treating people with excessive daytime sleepiness.	3.23	1	0	2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide	central nervous system stimulant; eugeroic
s-nitrosocysteine S-nitrosocysteine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is a nitric oxide donor.. S-nitroso-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine derivative in which the sulfur atom carries a nitroso substituent. A cell-permeable low-molecular-weight nitrosothiol and nitric oxide donor.	2.03	1	0	L-cysteine derivative; nitrosothio compound	hematologic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
s-allylcysteine S-allylcysteine: structure in first source; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. S-allylcysteine : An S-hydrocarbyl-L-cysteine that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen attached to the sulphur is replaced by a prop-2-enyl group. It commonly occurs in garlic and has been found to exhibit antineoplastic activity.	2.05	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; S-hydrocarbyl-L-cysteine	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine hydrochloride 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained by reaction of 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Potent and highly selective non-competitive antagonist at the mGlu5 receptor subtype (IC50 = 36 nM) and a positive allosteric modulator at mGlu4 receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo. Reverses mechanical hyperalgesia in the inflamed rat hind paw.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	anxiolytic drug; metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
iniparib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	carbonyl compound; organohalogen compound
amiprilose [no description available]	2.03	1	0
(R)-fluoxetine hydrochloride (R)-fluoxetine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of (R)-fluoxetine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor
tebipenem tebipenem: an oral carbapenem antibiotic, against penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
n-(2-amino-5-fluorobenzyl)-4-(n-(pyridine-3-acrylyl)aminomethyl)benzamide [no description available]	2.6	1	0
pri-2205 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
mk 0752 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
eflucimibe eflucimibe: a powerful and systemic acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor	2.05	1	0
givinostat [no description available]	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester
ym 60828 YM 60828: YM-466 is the mesylate salt	3.1	1	0
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination: A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate.	2.03	1	0
sr 142801 SR 142801: SR 142806 is the (R)-enantiomer; structure given in first source; neurokinin-3 receptor antagonist	2	1	0
tomopenem [no description available]	2.45	2	0
pd 144418 [no description available]	4.39	3	0
valyl-prolyl-proline Val-Pro-Pro : A tripeptide composed of L-valine and two L-proline units joined by peptide linkages.	2.79	3	0	tripeptide	metabolite
sc 57461 [no description available]	2.13	1	0
bicyclol bicyclol: an antihepatitis drug, on the metabolism and hepatotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in rats.	2.6	1	0
ro 32-3555 Ro 32-3555: structure given in first source	3.1	1	0
zd 7155 [no description available]	2.93	4	0
rxp 407 RXP 407: inhibits angiotensin I converting enzyme	2.02	1	0
gsk 256066 [no description available]	3.41	1	0
midostaurin midostaurin : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is the N-benzoyl derivative of staurosporine.	4.39	3	0	benzamides; gamma-lactam; indolocarbazole; organic heterooctacyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
lu 28-179 Lu 28-179: sigma(2) ligand and lysosomotropic agent; structure in first source	4.04	2	0
sincalide Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.	4.87	6	0	oligopeptide
vasopressin, 1-(1-mercaptocyclohexaneacetic acid)-2-(o- methyl-l-tyrosine)-8-l-arginine- vasopressin, 1-(1-mercaptocyclohexaneacetic acid)-2-(O- methyl-L-tyrosine)-8-L-arginine-: highly potent antagonist of vasopressor response to arginine-vasopressin; structure in first source	4.11	16	0
prolylvaline Val-Pro : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-proline residues.	1.98	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
tapentadol Tapentadol: An opioid analgesic, MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and of pain associated with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES.	3.23	1	0	alkylbenzene
etomoxir [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether
n(6)-cyclohexyladenosine N(6)-cyclohexyladenosine: structure given in first source; receptors, purinergic P1 agonist	1.96	1	0
ly 450139 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	peptide
ursodoxicoltaurine tauroursodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of tauroursodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. tauroursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.	2.05	1	0	bile acid taurine conjugate	anti-inflammatory agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bone density conservation agent; cardioprotective agent; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent
bb-83698 BB-83698: peptide deformylase inhibitor	2.04	1	0
ave 0991 AVE 0991: structure in first source	7.66	2	0
pentagastrin Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.	3.82	3	0	organic molecular entity
desmethylselegiline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
3-morpholino-sydnonimine monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.47	2	0
cgs 35066 CGS 35066: an endothelin-converting enzyme-1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.01	1	0
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	5.55	16	1	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
sc 236 4-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide: SC58236 = SC236 re email from Harris, Ray	2.01	1	0
cefditoren cefditoren: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (6R-(3(Z),6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefditoren : A broad spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with (Z)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethenyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Generally administered as its orally absorbed pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug, it is used for the treatment of mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections.	3.23	1	0	carboxylic acid; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
t 1032 T 1032: a cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
rivaroxaban Rivaroxaban: A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. rivaroxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery.	2.58	2	0	aromatic amide; lactam; monocarboxylic acid amide; morpholines; organochlorine compound; oxazolidinone; thiophenes	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
zotarolimus zotarolimus: synthetic analog of rapamycin; structure in first source	2.04	1	0	lactam; macrolide
treosulfan treosulfan: immunosuppressant; RN given refers to (S-(R,R))-isomer	2.04	1	0	methanesulfonate ester
nicotianamine nicotianamine: an angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor from soy sauce. (S,S,S)-nicotianamine : The (S,S,S)-stereoisomer of nicotianamine.	2.11	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; nicotianamine	chelator; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; plant metabolite
sb 3ct compound SB 3CT compound: a matrix metalloproteinase-2 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether
n-acetylcysteine lysinate N-acetylcysteine lysinate: tradename	2.41	2	0
molindone hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0	indoles
qx-314 bromide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
(S)-fluoxetine hydrochloride (S)-fluoxetine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of (S)-fluoxetine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor
sr 59230a 3-(2-ethylphenoxy)-1-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphth-1-ylamino)-2-propanol oxalate: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
bms 248360 [no description available]	3.12	1	0
u 74389g [no description available]	2.03	1	0
ginsenoside rb1 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	ginsenoside; glycoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; anti-obesity agent; apoptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
gentamicin sulfate [no description available]	3.44	7	0
1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
y 27632, dihydrochloride, (4(r)-trans)-isomer [no description available]	2.03	1	0
mepitiostane mepitiostane: orally active anti-estrogenic steroid; RN refers to (2alpha,3alpha,5alpha,17beta)-isomer; structure	3.36	1	1	organic molecular entity
bn 52020 [no description available]	2.45	2	0
n1-phenyl-3,5-dinitro-n4,n4-di-n-propylsulfanilamide N1-phenyl-3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-di-n-propylsulfanilamide: a potent, selective antimitotic agent against kinetoplastid parasites; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
zd 8321 ZD 8321: inhibits human leukocyte elastase; structure in first source	3.1	1	0
hki 272 [no description available]	2.08	1	0	nitrile; quinolines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
nkp 608 [no description available]	2.04	1	0
tofacitinib tofacitinib : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted at position 4 by an N-methyl,N-(1-cyanoacetyl-4-methylpiperidin-3-yl)amino moiety. Used as its citrate salt to treat moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis.	2.08	1	0	N-acylpiperidine; nitrile; pyrrolopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound	antirheumatic drug; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
(2s,3as,7as)-1-(((r,r)-2-phenylcyclopropyl)carbonyl)-2-((thiazolidin-3-yl)carbonyl)octahydro-1h-indole S 17092-1: structure in first source; inhibits proline endopeptidase	2.47	2	0
rucaparib AG14447: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	azepinoindole; caprolactams; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
noscapine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
cediranib [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether
6h-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine-6-acetamide, 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-n-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3,9-trimethyl-, (6s)- [no description available]	2.6	1	0	organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound
terutroban terutroban: a thromboxan receptor antagonist	2.13	1	0
isoleucyl-prolyl-proline [no description available]	3.36	6	0	oligopeptide
a 77636 (1R,3S)-3-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroisochromene-5,6-diol hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained by mixing equimolar amounts of (1R,3S)-3-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroisochromene-5,6-diol with hydrochloric acid. Potent and selective dopamine D1-like receptor agonist (pEC50 values are 8.97 and < 5 for D1-like and D2-like receptors respectively). Displays anti-Parkinsonian activity following oral administration in vivo.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist
cetilistat cetilistat: lipase inhibitor in randomized, placebo-controlled study of weight reduction in obese patients (3/2007)	2.6	1	0	benzoxazine
ym 201636 6-amino-N-(3-(4-(4-morpholinyl)pyrido(3',2'-4,5)furo(3,2-d)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide: an antiviral agent; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	aromatic amide
ganu GANU: differs from chlorozotocin by placement of cytotoxic group on C-1 of the glucose ring; less myelosuppressive than chlorozotocin; structure	2.04	1	0
sq 14551 captopril disulfide : An organic disulfide in which the disulfide bond links two units of captopril. It is a secondary metabolite of captopril.	9.12	16	0
cgp 20712a CGP 20712A: structure given in first source; CGP 26505, a beta1-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, is the (S)-isomer of CGP 20712A	2.03	1	0
3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone [no description available]	1.98	1	0
linagliptin Linagliptin: A purine and quinazoline derivative that functions as an INCRETIN and DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBTOR. It is used as a HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT in the treatment of TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS.. linagliptin : A xanthine that is 7H-xanthine bearing (4-methylquinazolin-2-yl)methyl, methyl, but-2-yn-1-yl and 3-aminopiperidin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 7 and 8 respectively (the R-enantiomer). Used for treatment of type II diabetes.	2.72	2	0	aminopiperidine; quinazolines	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
fmrfamide FMRFamide: A molluscan neuroactive peptide which induces a fast excitatory depolarizing response due to direct activation of amiloride-sensitive SODIUM CHANNELS. (From Nature 1995; 378(6558): 730-3)	1.97	1	0
pazopanib pazopanib: a protein kinase inhibitor. pazopanib : A pyrimidine that is 5-(pyrimidin-2-yl}amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide substituted at position 4 by a (2,3-dimethylindazol-6-yl)(methyl)amino group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of kidney cancer.	5.87	6	0	aminopyrimidine; indazoles; sulfonamide	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
azd 6244 AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor	2.54	2	0	benzimidazoles; bromobenzenes; hydroxamic acid ester; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
levodopa methyl ester hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
odanacatib odanacatib: a selective inhibitor of cathepsin K for the treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
prasugrel hydrochloride Prasugrel Hydrochloride: A piperazine derivative and PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITOR that is used to prevent THROMBOSIS in patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; UNSTABLE ANGINA and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, as well as in those undergoing PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS.. prasugrel hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prasugrel hydrochloride. Used to prevent blood clots in people with acute coronary syndrome who are undergoing a procedure after a recent heart attack or stroke, and in people with certain disorders of the heart or blood vessels.	3.23	1	0
apilimod [no description available]	2.6	1	0
dimethylarginine dimethylarginine: structure in first source. dimethylarginine : An arginine derivative that is arginine substituted by two methyl groups. A "closed" class.	2.02	1	0
apixaban [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; lactam; piperidones; pyrazolopyridine	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
benalfocin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
artenimol artenimol: derivative of antimalarial drug artemisinin (quinghaosu)	2.05	1	0
4-phenoxyphenoxyethyl thiocyanate 4-phenoxyphenoxyethyl thiocyanate: has antiparasitic activity; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
betrixaban betrixaban: a highly potent, selective, and orally efficacious factor Xa inhibitor; structure in first source. betrixaban : A secondary carboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-(N,N-dimethylcarbamimidoyl)benzoic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-5-methoxybenzamide. A synthetic anticoagulant compound that targets activated factor Xa in the coagulation cascade.	2.6	1	0	benzamides; guanidines; monochloropyridine; monomethoxybenzene; secondary carboxamide	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
edoxaban edoxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is used (as its tosylate monohydrate) for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.	2.6	1	0	chloropyridine; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound; thiazolopyridine	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor
sb-649915 SB-649915: potent 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B autoreceptor antagonist and 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor	3.12	1	0
saracatinib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; diether; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; oxanes; quinazolines; secondary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; radiosensitizing agent
alpha-synuclein alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.	7.41	1	0
lu 19005 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
6-hydroxybenzbromarone 6-hydroxybenzbromarone: metabolite M2 of benzbromarone	2.06	1	0
ko 143 [no description available]	2.46	2	0	beta-carbolines; tert-butyl ester
n-(3-amino-1-(cyclobutylmethyl)-2,3-dioxopropyl)-3-(2-((((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)carbonyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexan-2-carboxamide boceprevir : A synthetic tripeptide consisting of N-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-3-methyl-L-valyl, a cyclopropyl-fused prolyl and 3-amino-4-cyclobutyl-2-oxobutanamide residues joined in sequence. Used for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection.	2.6	1	0	tripeptide; ureas	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; peptidomimetic
eledoisin Eledoisin: A peptide extracted from the posterior salivary glands of certain small octopi (Eledone spp., Mollusca), or obtained by synthesis. Its actions resemble those of SUBSTANCE P; it is a potent vasodilator and increases capillary permeability. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1364)	2.66	3	0	peptide
angiotensin amide Angiotensin Amide: The octapeptide amide of bovine angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure by vasoconstriction.	2.37	2	0	oligopeptide
benoxathian hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
((2-n-butyl-6,7-dichloro-2-cyclopentyl-2,3-dihydro-1-oxo-1h-inden-5-yl)oxy)acetic acid, (+)-isomer [no description available]	2.03	1	0
n-cyclopropyl adenosine-5'-carboxamide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
substance p [no description available]	1.98	1	0
ly 411575 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	dibenzoazepine; difluorobenzene; lactam; secondary alcohol	EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor
galidesivir [no description available]	2.6	1	0
indolapril hydrochloride Indolapril: structure given in first source	3.75	3	0
thiomandelic acid thiomandelic acid: structure in first source	2.02	1	0
etc-1002 8-hydroxy-2,2,14,14-tetramethylpentadecanedioic acid: inhibits ATP citrate lyase (ACL); has anti-atherosclerotic activity. bempedoic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is pentadecanedioic acid which is substituted by methyl groups groups at positions 2 and 14, and by a hydroxy group at position 8. It is a drug used for the treatment of high LDL cholesterol, which is sometimes referred to as 'bad cholesterol'.	3.01	2	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	antilipemic drug; EC 2.3.3.8 (ATP citrate synthase) inhibitor; prodrug
PB28 PB28 : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin that is substituted by 3-(4-cyclohexylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl and methoxy groups at positions 1 and 5, respectively. It is a sigma 2 (sigma2) receptor agonist (Ki = 0.68 nM) and exhibits antineoplastic and anti SARS-CoV-2 activities.	4.39	3	0	aromatic ether; piperazines; tetralins	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; sigma-2 receptor agonist
amg 009 AMG 009: an anti-inflammatory agent; structure in first source	2.08	1	0
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.	2.42	2	0
vinflunine vinflunine: inhibits tubulin assembly; structure in first source. vinflunine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound and an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is vinorelbine in which the tetrahydropyridine moiety of the heterotetracyclic part of the molecule has been redced to the corresponding piperidine, and in which the ethyl group attached to this ring has been replaced by a 1,1-difluoroethyl group.	2.05	1	0	acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent
cefotaxime sodium [no description available]	2.77	3	0	organic sodium salt
n-isobutyrylglycine N-isobutyrylglycine: found in urine of patients with glyceric acidemia. N-isobutyrylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as isobutryl.	2.06	1	0	N-acylglycine	human urinary metabolite
baci-im [no description available]	4.26	5	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; polypeptide; zwitterion	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent
metamelfalan [no description available]	2.04	1	0
calpain inhibitor iii calpain inhibitor III: potential anticataract drug	2.03	1	0
degrasyn degrasyn: a JAK2 kinase inhibitor that induces rapid degradation of c-Myc protein in MM-1 multiple myeloma and other tumor cell lines; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
epoxomicin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	morpholines; tripeptide	proteasome inhibitor
brimonidine tartrate Brimonidine Tartrate: A quinoxaline derivative and ADRENERGIC ALHPA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST that is used to manage INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE associated with OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.	2.38	2	0
bms 477118 [no description available]	3.73	2	0	adamantanes; azabicycloalkane; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile; tertiary alcohol	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
pha 680632 PHA 680632: Aurora kinase inhibitor with potent antitumoral activity; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
tmc 353121 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
amd 070 mavorixafor: a derivative of AMD3100; a CXCR4 blocker	2.6	1	0	aminoquinoline
danoprevir [no description available]	2.6	1	0
nystatin a1 Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.	4.25	5	0	nystatins
bms-626529 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
bms-663068 fostemsavir: an HIV-1 attachment inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
amenamevir ASP2151: a herpesvirus helicase-primase inhibitor, in a guinea pig model of genital herpes; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
vx 765 belnacasan: a NSAID	2.6	1	0	dipeptide
Dihydrotanshinone I dihydrotanshinone I: extracted from Radix Salviae	2.6	1	0	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
alogliptin alogliptin: structure in first source. alogliptin : A piperidine that is 3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine carrying additional 2-cyanobenzyl and 3-aminopiperidin-1-yl groups at positions 1 and 2 respectively (the R-enantiomer). Used in the form of its benzoate salt for treatment of type 2 diabetes.	2.6	1	0	nitrile; piperidines; primary amino compound; pyrimidines	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
fr 180204 FR 180204: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	pyrazoles; ring assembly
GR 127935 hydrochloride GR 127935 hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of GR 127935 with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Potent and selective 5-HT1B/1D receptor antagonist (pKi values are 8.5 for both guinea pig 5-HT1D and rat 5-HT1B receptors). Displays > 100-fold selectivity over 5HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C receptors and other receptor types. Centrally active following oral administration.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	serotonergic antagonist
quisinostat [no description available]	2.6	1	0	indoles
mrs 1845 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
carfilzomib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	epoxide; morpholines; tetrapeptide	antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor
hcv 796 HCV 796: inhibits HCV RdRp; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
cytidine diphosphate choline [no description available]	2.46	2	0	nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s; phosphocholines	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sitagliptin phosphate Sitagliptin Phosphate: A pyrazine-derived DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that increases the levels of the INCRETIN hormones GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.	2.21	1	0
resminostat resminostat: a histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
veratridine Veratridine: A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal.	2.67	3	0
milnacipran [no description available]	4.07	2	0	acetamides
incb3619 INCB3619: ADAM inhibitor; structure in first source	3.41	1	0
vindesine [no description available]	2.44	2	0
cefdinir Cefdinir: A third-generation oral cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used to treat bacterial infections of the respiratory tract and skin.. cefdinir : A cephalosporin compound having 7beta-2-(2-amino-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[(Z)-hydroxyimino]-acetylamino- and 3-vinyl side groups.	1.99	1	0
zk 756326 2-(2-(4-(3-phenoxybenzyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)ethanol: a CC chemokine receptor CCR8 agonist; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether
balapiravir balapiravir: a prodrug of R1479; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
trametinib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	acetamides; aromatic amine; cyclopropanes; organofluorine compound; organoiodine compound; pyridopyrimidine; ring assembly	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
deoxyarbutin 4-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)phenol: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
abexinostat abexinostat: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	benzofurans
losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.	7.16	21	5
silvestrol silvestrol: isolated from the fruit and twig of Aglaia silvestris. silvestrol : An organic heterotricyclic compound that consists of a 2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan framework substituted by hydroxy groups at positions C-1 and C-8b, a methoxycarbonyl group at C-2, a phenyl group at C-3, a 4-methoxyphenyl group at C-3a, a methoxy group at C-8 and a 1,4-dioxan-2-yloxy group at position C-6 which in turn is substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and a 1,2-dihydroxyethyl group at position 6. Isolated from Aglaia silvestris, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.	2.6	1	0	dioxanes; ether; methyl ester; organic heterotricyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
narlaprevir narlaprevir: an antiviral agent that inhibits hepatitis C virus NS3 protease. narlaprevir : An azabicyclohexane that is (1R,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane substituted by [(3S)-1-(cyclopropylamino)-1,2-dioxoheptan-3-yl]aminoacyl and N-({1-[(tert-butylsulfonyl)methyl]cyclohexyl}carbamoyl)-3-methyl-L-valyl groups at positions 2S and 3, respectively. It is a hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A serine protease inhibitor (Ki = 6 nM) that is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.	2.6	1	0	azabicyclohexane; cyclopropanes; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; secondary carboxamide; sulfone; tertiary carboxamide; ureas	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; hepatitis C protease inhibitor
teneligliptin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	amino acid amide
moxestrol moxestrol: RN given refers to (11beta,17alpha)-isomer; structure	2.02	1	0	3-hydroxy steroid
diflucortolone Diflucortolone: A topical glucocorticoid used in various DERMATOSES. It is absorbed through the skin, bound to plasma albumin, and may cause adrenal suppression. It is also administered as the valerate.	2.45	2	0	21-hydroxy steroid
at 13387 (2,4-dihydroxy-5-isopropylphenyl)-(5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)methanone: structure in first source. onalespib : A member of the class of isoindoles that is isoindole in which the amino group has been acylated by a 2,4-dihydroxy-5-isopropylbenzoyl group and in which position 5 of the isoidole moiety has been substituted by a (4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl group. A second-generation Hsp90 inhibitor.	4.04	2	0	benzamides; isoindoles; N-alkylpiperazine; resorcinols; tertiary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; Hsp90 inhibitor
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
alaproclate hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
ubenimex [no description available]	2.03	1	0	peptide
3-chloroalanine hydrochloride, (l-ala)-isomer [no description available]	2.03	1	0
dsp 4 hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	3.69	10	0	benzoxazole
(2-(2',6'-dimethoxy)phenoxyethylamino)methylbenzodioxan hydrochloride N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethanamine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethanamine with one equivalent of hydrogen chloride. An alpha1A-adrenergic selective antagonist.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
2-cyclooctyl-2-hydroxyethylamine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
cirazoline monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
adtn [no description available]	2.03	1	0
apocodeine hydrochloride, (r)-isomer [no description available]	2.03	1	0
Dihydro-beta-erythroidine hydrobromide [no description available]	2.03	1	0	indoles
lilly 78335 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
efaroxan hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
fenoldopam hydrobromide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
1-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine dihydrochloride 1-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of 1-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine with two equivalents of hydrogen chloride. Potent and selective inhibitor of dopamine uptake (KD = 5.5 nM in rat striatal membranes).	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	dopamine uptake inhibitor
guvacine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
7-hydroxy-2-n,n-dipropylaminotetralin hydrobromide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin hydrobromide, (r)-isomer, [no description available]	2.03	1	0	organic molecular entity
1-(2-(4-(4-fluoro-benzoyl)-piperidin-1-yl)-ethyl)-3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dihydro-indol-2-one LY-310762 hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reation of equimolar amount of LY-310762 with hydrogen chloride. A potent and selective antagonist for the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1D (5-HT1D) receptor.	2.03	1	0	hydrochloride	receptor modulator; serotonergic antagonist
4-iodoclonidine [no description available]	2.03	1	0
dextrothyroxine [no description available]	2.6	1	0
4-methylpyrazole monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
tele-methylhistamine [no description available]	2.03	1	0
alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester, monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
octoclothepine maleate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
2-(n-phenethyl-n-propyl)amino-5-hydroxytetralin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
du 24565 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
2-methoxyidazoxan hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
ro 25-6981 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
sk&f 77434 N-allyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol hydrobromide : A hydrobromide salt prepared from N-allyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol and one equivalent of hydrogen bromide. Selective dopamine D1-like receptor partial agonist (IC50 values are 19.7 and 2425 nM for binding to D1-like and D2-like receptors respectively). Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo.	2.03	1	0	hydrobromide	dopamine agonist; prodrug
3-[(6aR,9R,10aR)-7-methyl-6,6a,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-4H-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-yl]-1,1-diethylurea [no description available]	2.46	2	0	organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
veliparib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	benzimidazoles	EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
sepharose agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.	2.38	2	0
indocyanine green Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.	5.02	5	2	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	4.99	12	0
dactolisib dactolisib: antineoplastic agent that inhibits both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mTOR. dactolisib : An imidazoquinoline that is 3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline substituted at position 1 by a 4-(1-cyanoisopropyl)phenyl group and at position 8 by a quinolin-3-yl group. A dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor used in cancer treatment.	2.08	1	0	imidazoquinoline; nitrile; quinolines; ring assembly; ureas	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; mTOR inhibitor
pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).	9.67	92	6
pf 03491390 [no description available]	2.54	2	0
demethylcantharidin demethylcantharidin: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
alloin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	anthracenes; C-glycosyl compound; cyclic ketone; phenols	laxative; metabolite
atropine sulfate [no description available]	2.45	2	0
2-((3-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido)glucopyranose [no description available]	2.04	1	0
ro 6-4563 glibornuride: was MH 1975-92 (see under SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS 1975-90); use SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS to search GLIBORNURIDE 1975-92; an oral, sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion	2.04	1	0	monoterpenoid
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	2.1	1	0
1-deoxynojirimycin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
b 3824 B 3824: B5630 is the D-Arg(1) analog of B-3824; bradykinin inhibitor	1.98	1	0
deoxoartemisinin deoxoartemisinin: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
physalaemin Physalaemin: An oligopeptide isolated from the skin of Physalaemus fuscumaculatus, a South American frog. It is a typical kinin, resembling SUBSTANCE P in structure and action and has been proposed as a sialagogue, antihypertensive, and vasodilator.	1.96	1	0
rabeprazole sodium [no description available]	2.08	1	0	organic sodium salt
icatibant icatibant: a potent bradykinin (B2) receptor antagonist; WIN 65365 is an L-Tic(7) stereoisomer. icatibant : A ten-membered synthetic oligopeptide consisting of D-Arg, Arg, Pro, Hyp, Gly, Thi, Ser, D-Tic, Oic, and Arg residues joined in sequrence. A bradykinin receptor antagonist used as its acetate salt for the treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema in adult patients.	8.84	66	2
jaw [no description available]	2	1	0	indolecarboxamide
win 62577 [no description available]	2.03	1	0
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	1.98	1	0	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desmosine Desmosine: A rare amino acid found in elastin, formed by condensation of four molecules of lysine into a pyridinium ring.	2.25	1	0	aromatic amino acid
mdv 3100 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; benzamides; imidazolidinone; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; thiocarbonyl compound	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
amodiaquine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.97	4	0
clindamycin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0	S-glycosyl compound
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	2.52	2	0
bms-650032 asunaprevir: an NS3 protease inhibitor against hepatitis C virus	2.6	1	0	oligopeptide
gw 4869 GW 4869: inhibits neutral sphingomyelinase; structure in first source	2.17	1	0
bisaramil [no description available]	2.04	1	0
rxpa380 [no description available]	2.02	1	0
rg 7128 2'-fluoro-2'-methyl-3',5'-diisobutyryldeoxycytidine: inhibits HCV polymerase; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
cosyntropin Cosyntropin: A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. ACTH (1-24), a segment similar in all species, contains the biological activity that stimulates production of CORTICOSTEROIDS in the ADRENAL CORTEX.. cosyntropin : A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin). A segment similar in all species, it contains the biological activity that stimulates production of corticosteroids in the adrenal cortex. It is used diagnostically to investigate adrenocortical insufficiency.	2.89	4	0
cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.	2.4	2	0
ceruletide Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.	2.69	3	0	oligopeptide	diagnostic agent; gastrointestinal drug
dynorphins Dynorphins: A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptides. Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters.	3.85	12	0
bivalirudin bivalirudin: designed to bind to the alpha-thrombin catalytic site and anion-binding exosite for fibrin(ogen) recognition. bivalirudin : A synthetic peptide of 20 amino acids, comprising D-Phe, Pro, Arg, Pro, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Asn, Gly, Asp, Phe, Glu, Glu, Ile, Pro, Glu, Glu, Tyr, and Leu in sequence. A congener of hirudin (a naturally occurring drug found in the saliva of the medicinal leech), it a specific and reversible inhibitor of thrombin, and is used as an anticoagulant.	3.61	2	0	polypeptide	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
somatostatin [no description available]	2.46	2	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone
atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.	12.52	131	25	polypeptide
teicoplanin teicoplanin A2-1 : A teicoplanin A2 that has (4Z)-dec-4-enoyl as the variable N-acyl group.	2.45	2	0
tannins gallotannin : A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose).	2.05	1	0	tannin
enfuvirtide Enfuvirtide: A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide that corresponds to the heptad repeat sequence of HIV-1 gp41. It blocks HIV cell fusion and viral entry and is used with other anti-retrovirals for combination therapy of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. enfuvirtide : A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide consisting of N-acetyltyrosyl, threonyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, histidyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, seryl, glutaminyl, asparaginyl, glutaminyl, glutaminyl, alpha-glutamyl, lysyl, asparaginyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, leucyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, alpha-aspartyl, lysyl, tryptophyl, alanyl, seryl, leucyl, tryptophyl, asparaginyl, tryptophyl, and phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence. An HIV fusion inhibitor, it was the first of a novel class of antiretroviral drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It interferes with entry of HIV into cells by binding to the gp41 sub-unit of the viral envelope glycoprotein, so inhibiting fusion of viral and cellular membranes.	3.23	1	0
ganirelix [no description available]	3.23	1	0	polypeptide
renin inhibitory peptide renin inhibitory peptide: angiotensinogen analog	2.66	3	0
vitisin a [no description available]	2.07	1	0	benzofurans
nociceptin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity; polypeptide	human metabolite; rat metabolite
gastrins Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.	2.38	2	0
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.	5.32	7	2	peptide hormone
beta-endorphin beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC).	8.47	8	0
thymosin beta(4) thymosin beta(4): biological active peptide present in thymosin fractions 5 & 5A; participates in the regulation, differentiation & function of thymus-derived lymphocytes & may also act directly or indirectly on macrophages & other cells involved in cell-mediated immunity	2.46	2	0
neuropeptide y Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.	10.72	11	2
teriparatide [no description available]	3.23	1	0	polypeptide
s6c sarafotoxin sarafotoxins s6: several isotoxins from Atractaspis engaddensis; has strong cardiotoxic activity; all contain 21 amino acid residues; see also endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor factor	1.97	1	0
angiotensinogen Angiotensinogen: An alpha-globulin of about 453 amino acids, depending on the species. It is produced by the liver in response to lowered blood pressure and secreted into blood circulation. Angiotensinogen is the inactive precursor of the ANGIOTENSINS produced in the body by successive enzyme cleavages. Cleavage of angiotensinogen by RENIN yields the decapeptide ANGIOTENSIN I. Further cleavage of angiotensin I (by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME) yields the potent vasoconstrictor octapeptide ANGIOTENSIN II; and then, via other enzymes, other angiotensins also involved in the hemodynamic-regulating RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM.	11.31	88	2
astressin astressin : A 30-membered homodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence D-Phe-His-Leu-Leu-Arg-Glu-Val-Leu-Glu-Nle-Ala-Arg-Ala-Glu-Gln-Leu-Ala-Gln-Glu-Ala-His-Lys-Asn-Arg-Lys-Leu-Nle-Glu-Ile-Ile-NH2 cyclised by an amide bridge, formed by condensation of the side-chain carboxy group of the Glu residue at position 19 and the side-chain amino group of the Lys residue at position 22.	2.03	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; polypeptide	corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist; neuroprotective agent
salmon calcitonin [no description available]	3.23	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone; polypeptide	bone density conservation agent; metabolite
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.	2.41	2	0
ly-146032 [no description available]	4.08	4	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; lipopeptide antibiotic; lipopeptide; macrocycle; macrolide	antibacterial drug; bacterial metabolite; calcium-dependent antibiotics
dalbavancin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	carbohydrate acid derivative; glycopeptide; monosaccharide derivative; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.	2.51	2	0
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ilys-prolyl-alaninamide acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ILys-prolyl-alaninamide: FE-200486 is the acetate salt	3.23	1	0	polypeptide
angiotensinogen angiotensinogen (1-14): Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-Ser; MW 1759; human = Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu-Val-Ile-His-Asn	2.02	1	0
oritavancin oritavancin : A semisynthetic glycopeptide used (as its bisphosphate salt) for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused or suspected to be caused by susceptible isolates of designated Gram-positive microorganisms including MRSA.	2.6	1	0	disaccharide derivative; glycopeptide; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
hirudin [no description available]	1.98	1	0
c-peptide C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.	9.28	4	1
exenatide [no description available]	3.23	1	0
natriuretic peptide, c-type Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type: A PEPTIDE of 22 amino acids, derived mainly from cells of VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM. It is also found in the BRAIN, major endocrine glands, and other tissues. It shares structural homology with ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR. It has vasorelaxant activity thus is important in the regulation of vascular tone and blood flow. Several high molecular weight forms containing the 22 amino acids have been identified.	2.4	2	0
N-[[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-pyrazolyl]methyl]-2-(2-pyridinyl)ethanamine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	pyrazoles; ring assembly
warfarin sodium warfarin sodium : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin sodium. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.	2.08	1	0
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	3.9	12	0	glycoside
quinine sulfate [no description available]	2.74	3	0	hydrate
quercetin [no description available]	2.03	1	0
endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)	7.95	46	5
4-aminobenzoyl-glycyl-prolyl-leucyl-alanine hydroxamic acid 4-aminobenzoyl-glycyl-prolyl-leucyl-alanine hydroxamic acid: inhibits collagenase; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
rv 538, (r-(r,r))-isomer [no description available]	2.03	1	0
3,4-dichloro-n-methyl-n-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (1s-cis)-isomer [no description available]	2.03	1	0
pevonedistat pevonedistat: a potent and selective inhibitor of NAE (NEDD8-activating enzyme). pevonedistat : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine which is substituted by a (1S)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylnitrilo group at position 4 and by a (1S,3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-[(sulfamoyloxy)methyl]cyclopentyl group at position 7. It is a potent and selective NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.7 nM, and currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes.	2.6	1	0	cyclopentanols; indanes; pyrrolopyrimidine; secondary amino compound; sulfamidate	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
uk 453,061 UK 453,061: a reverse transcriptase inhibitor/anti-HIV agent; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether
pravastatin sodium pravastatin sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of pravastatin. A reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), it is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.	2.08	1	0	organic sodium salt; statin (semi-synthetic)	anticholesteremic drug
alendronate sodium [no description available]	2.08	1	0
valproate sodium Epilim: oral sodium valproate used as antidepressive agent. sodium valproate : The sodium salt of valproic acid.. valproate : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of valproic acid.	2.74	3	0	organic sodium salt	geroprotector
N-(2-aminophenyl)-2-pyrazinecarboxamide [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic amide
ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.	4.29	4	1
sl 80.0750 [no description available]	2.08	1	0
flucloronide flucloronide: synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-83); on-line & Index Medicus search PREGNADIENETROLS (75-83); RN given refers to (6alpha,11beta,16alpha)-isomer; structure	2.04	1	0	21-hydroxy steroid
calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.	7.72	3	0
lucifer yellow lucifer yellow: RN given refers to di-Li salt	2.06	1	0	organic lithium salt	fluorochrome
cefotiam hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0
hoe k86-4321 HOE k86-4321: bradykinin antagonist	2.38	2	0
chitosan [no description available]	2.13	1	0
invert sugar invert sugar: mixture of approx 50% dextrose & 50% levulose obtained by acid hydrolysis of cane sugar	6.99	1	0
zincov zincov: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	1.96	1	0
septide [no description available]	1.97	1	0
technetium tc 99m sestamibi Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi: A technetium imaging agent used to reveal blood-starved cardiac tissue during a heart attack.	1.98	1	0
s-nitro-n-acetylpenicillamine S-nitro-N-acetylpenicillamine: a NO donor	3.27	6	0
tegobuvir tegobuvir: a non-structural protein 5B polymerase inhibitor	2.6	1	0
pf-429242 PF-429242: a subtilisin kexin isozyme-1/site-1 protease inhibitor	2.6	1	0
mesna Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.	9.93	11	0	organosulfonic acid
sodium houttuyfonate sodium houttuyfonate: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
potassium aminobenzoate [no description available]	2.46	2	0
u 63557a [no description available]	2.03	1	0
bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.	2.69	3	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
ampicillin sodium [no description available]	2.49	2	0	organic sodium salt
cerivastatin sodium cerivastatin sodium : The sodium salt of cerivastatin. Formerly used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt; statin (synthetic)
penicillin g potassium benzylpenicillin potassium : Organic potassium salt of benzylpenicillin.	2.13	1	0	organic potassium salt
clavulanate potassium potassium clavulanate : A potassium salt having clavulanate as the counterion. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes and has only weak anitbiotic activity when administered alone. However it can be used in combination with amoxicillin trihydrate (under the trade name Augmentin) for treatment of a variety of bacterial infections, where it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamases.	2.08	1	0	potassium salt	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefamandole nafate [no description available]	2.02	1	0	organic sodium salt	antibacterial drug; prodrug
sodium hypochlorite Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.	2.39	2	0	inorganic sodium salt	bleaching agent; disinfectant
taurocholic acid, monosodium salt [no description available]	3.83	3	0	bile salt
sodium lactate Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.	3.23	1	0	lactate salt; organic sodium salt	food acidity regulator; food preservative
cefmetazole sodium cefmetazole sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of cefmetazole.	2.03	1	0	organic sodium salt	antimicrobial agent
piperacillin sodium [no description available]	2.51	2	0	organic sodium salt
monensin [no description available]	2.05	1	0
cefoxitin sodium [no description available]	2.13	1	0	organic molecular entity
sodium iothalamate [no description available]	3.59	2	0
methicillin sodium [no description available]	2.46	2	0	organic sodium salt
nafcillin sodium [no description available]	2.77	3	0	organic sodium salt
oxacillin sodium [no description available]	2.47	2	0	organic sodium salt
sodium nitrite Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.	2.45	2	0	inorganic sodium salt; nitrite salt	antidote to cyanide poisoning; antihypertensive agent; antimicrobial food preservative; food antioxidant; poison
penicillin g sodium [no description available]	2.46	2	0	organic sodium salt
cefamandole nafate cefamandole sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of cefamandole.	2.77	3	0	organic sodium salt	antibacterial drug
sodium diatrizoate histopaque: used for separating mononuclear & other cells. sodium amidotrizoate : The sodium salt of a benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, often as a mixture with the meglumine salt, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.	2.49	2	0	organic sodium salt; organoiodine compound	radioopaque medium
fusidate sodium [no description available]	2.03	1	0
estrone sulfate, potassium salt [no description available]	2.13	1	0
cephapirin sodium cephapirin sodium : The sodium salt of cephapirin. A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, it is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Being more resistant to beta-lactamases than penicillins, it is effective agains most staphylococci, though not methicillin-resistant staphylococci.	2.74	3	0	cephalosporin; organic sodium salt	antibacterial drug
sodium cephalothin [no description available]	2.74	3	0	organic sodium salt
cefazolin sodium cefazolin sodium : A cephalosporin organic sodium salt having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups.	2.77	3	0	organic sodium salt
dicloxacillin sodium [no description available]	2.46	2	0	hydrate
5-hydroxydecanoic acid, monosodium salt [no description available]	2.03	1	0
ru 28318 [no description available]	3.09	5	0
saprisartan potassium saprisartan potassium: structure given in first source	2.9	4	0
ro13-9904 Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.	2.03	1	0
phenytoin sodium [no description available]	2.03	1	0
naproxen sodium naproxen sodium : An organic sodium salt consisting of equimolar amounts of naproxen(1-) anions and sodium anions.	2.13	1	0	organic sodium salt	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cr 1409 lorglumide sodium : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-lorglumide sodium.	2.03	1	0
azlocillin sodium [no description available]	2.76	3	0	organic sodium salt
sodium pertechnetate tc 99m Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and cerebral circulation, brain, thyroid, and joints.	3.76	2	1
cortisol succinate, sodium salt hydrocortisone hemisuccinate: RN given refers to (11beta)-isomer; Synonyms Solu-Cortef & sopolcort H refer to Na salt	2.03	1	0	organic molecular entity
olaparib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	cyclopropanes; monofluorobenzenes; N-acylpiperazine; phthalazines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
angoroside c angoroside C: angoroside C is the (E)-isomer; structure in first source	2.11	1	0
cx 4945 [no description available]	4.39	3	0
pci 34051 PCI 34051: an HDAC8 inhibitor	2.6	1	0	indolecarboxamide
lomibuvir lomibuvir: an antiviral agent with polymerase NS5 inhibitory activity	2.6	1	0	thiophenecarboxylic acid
delanzomib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	C-terminal boronic acid peptide; phenylpyridine; secondary alcohol; threonine derivative	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; proteasome inhibitor
ponatinib [no description available]	4.04	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; acetylenic compound; benzamides; imidazopyridazine; N-methylpiperazine	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
ethyl cellulose [no description available]	3.12	5	0	glycoside
pitavastatin(1-) pitavastatin(1-) : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of pitavastatin, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.	2.6	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion
oxymatrine oxymatrine: structure in first source; has anti-apoptosis effects	2.05	1	0
GRL-0617 GRL-0617 : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-amino-2-methylbenzoic acid with the amino group of (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethan-1-amine. It is a potent noncovalent inhibitor (IC50 = 600 nM) of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus papain-like protease (SARS-CoV PLpro).	2.6	1	0	benzamides; naphthalenes; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	anticoronaviral agent; protease inhibitor
N-[4-[3-[[[7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl]amino]-oxomethyl]-5-isoxazolyl]phenyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester CAY10603: a HDAC6 inhibitor	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester
niraparib niraparib: structure in first source. niraparib : A 2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide that has S-configuration. It is a potent inhibitor of PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 of 3.8 and 2.1 nM, respectively) and approved as a first-line maintenance treatment for women with advanced ovarian cancer after responding to platinum-based chemotherapy.	2.6	1	0	2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; radiosensitizing agent
jzl 184 JZL 184: inhibits monoacylglycerol lipase; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	benzodioxoles
egg white Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)	2.03	1	0
gsk 650394 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	phenylpyridine
quetiapine fumarate Quetiapine Fumarate: A dibenzothiazepine and ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that targets the SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, as well as the DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTOR and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.	2.21	1	0	fumarate salt
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.	7.35	11	2
atb-346 2-(6-methoxy-napthalen-2-yl)-propionic acid 4-thiocarbamoyl-phenyl ester: NSAIDs; structure in first source	3.27	1	0
oprozomib ONX 0912: antineoplastic; an orally active proteasome inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
cetrorelix cetrorelix: LHRH antagonist. cetrorelix : A synthetic ten-membered oligopeptide comprising N-acetyl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-D-alanyl, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-D-alanyl, L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, N(5)-carbamoyl-D-ornithyl, L-leucyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, and D-alaninamide residues coupled in sequence. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, it is used for treatment of infertility and of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast.	3.58	2	0	oligopeptide	antineoplastic agent; GnRH antagonist
rimorphin rimorphin: tridecapeptide NH2-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg-Arg-Gln-Phe-Lys-Val-Val-Thr-COOH from bovine posterior pituitary gland; major leucine enkephalin containing peptide in tissue that contains dynorphin & alpha-neo-endorphin	1.98	1	0
dynorphins dynorphin (1-13): potent opioid peptide; see also record for dynorphin & D-Ala(2)-dynorphin (1-11)	2.37	2	0
neurotensin neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91	10.21	16	0	peptide hormone	human metabolite; mitogen; neurotransmitter; vulnerary
hainanolide hainanolide: from bark of Cephalotaxux hainensis	2.04	1	0
az 960 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
golgicide a golgicide A: inhibits the cis-golgi ArfGEF GBF1; structure in first source. golgicide A : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising racemic cis- and racemic trans-goglioside A in a 10:1 ratio. It is a potent and rapidly reversible GBF1 (Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1) inhibitor. The (3aS,4R,9bR) isomer is the most active (see Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2012, 22, 5177-5181).	2.6	1	0	diastereoisomeric mixture	cis-Golgi ArfGEF GBF inhibitor
incb-018424 [no description available]	4.04	2	0	nitrile; pyrazoles; pyrrolopyrimidine	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
mannans [no description available]	2.11	1	0
cobicistat [no description available]	2.6	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; monocarboxylic acid amide; morpholines; ureas	P450 inhibitor
bms-790052 daclatasvir: an HCV NS5A inhibitor. daclatasvir : A member of the class of biphenyls that is a potent inhibitor of nonstructural protein 5A and is used (as its hydrochloride salt) for treatment of hepatitis C.	2.6	1	0	biphenyls; carbamate ester; carboxamide; imidazoles; valine derivative	antiviral drug; nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
ixazomib ixazomib: a proteasome inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; MLN2238 is the biologically active form of MLN9708; structure in first source. ixazomib : A glycine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-(2,5-dichlorobenzoyl)glycine with the amino group of [(1R)-1-amino-3-methylbutyl]boronic acid. The active metabolite of ixazomib citrate, it is used in combination therapy for treatment of multiple myeloma.	2.6	1	0	benzamides; boronic acids; dichlorobenzene; glycine derivative	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite; orphan drug; proteasome inhibitor
ucph 101 2-amino-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-(naphthalen-1-yl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile: structure in first source	2.6	1	0
7,8-dihydroxy-3-methylisochroman-4-one 7,8-dihydroxy-3-methylisochroman-4-one: has antihypertensive activity; structure in first source	2.76	3	0
gliocladic acid gliocladic acid: from Gliocladium virens, Chaetomium globosum & Trichoderma viride; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid
5-(3-methylsulfonylphenyl)-4-[(1-methyl-5-tetrazolyl)thio]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aryl sulfide; thienopyrimidine
baricitinib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	azetidines; nitrile; pyrazoles; pyrrolopyrimidine; sulfonamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antirheumatic drug; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
KOM70144 KOM70144 : A benzamide that is GRL-0617 in which one of the hydrogen's of the primary amino group is replaced by an acetyl group. It an inhibitor of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) with an IC50 of 2.6 muM and 5.0 muM, respectively. It also inhibits SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infection of Vero E6 cells in vitro (EC50 values are 13.1 and 21 muM, respectively).	2.6	1	0	acetamides; benzamides; naphthalenes; secondary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; protease inhibitor
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	5.03	13	0
e-52862 [no description available]	4.39	3	0
ly2811376 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
endothelins [no description available]	2.04	1	0
thymosin Thymosin: Thymosin. A family of heat-stable, polypeptide hormones secreted by the thymus gland. Their biological activities include lymphocytopoiesis, restoration of immunological competence and enhancement of expression of T-cell characteristics and function. They have therapeutic potential in patients having primary or secondary immunodeficiency diseases, cancer or diseases related to aging.	2.46	2	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	2.95	4	0
anagliptin anagliptin: anagliptin hydrochloride salt is the active compound	2.6	1	0	amino acid amide
cleistanthin cleistanthin: lignan lactone toxic glycoside from Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb); structure. cleistanthin A : A member of the class of cleistanthins that is the 4-O-3,4-di-O-methyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside of 1,3-dihydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-4-ol which is substituted by an oxo group at position 1, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7, and a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at position 9. It is one of the toxic principles in Cleistanthus collinus.	2.04	1	0	cleistanthins; xylose derivative	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic
gardiquimod [no description available]	2.6	1	0
grazoprevir grazoprevir: has antiviral activity; component of Zepatier. grazoprevir : An azamacrocyclic compound that is a hepatitis C protease inhibitor used in combination with elbasvir (under the brand name Zepatier) for treatment of chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4 infection in adults.	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; azamacrocycle; carbamate ester; cyclopropanes; lactam; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; quinoxaline derivative	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent
abt-450 paritaprevir: inhibits HCV NS3 protease. paritaprevir : An azamacrocycle which is used which is in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	2.6	1	0
letermovir letermovir: has antiviral activity; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
fosinopril Fosinopril: A phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of hypertension. It is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite fosinoprilat.. fosinopril : A phosphinate ester-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. It is used for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. A pro-drug, it is hydrolysed in vivo to the corresponding phosphininc acid, fosinoprilat, which is the active metabolite.	11.85	47	7
sofosbuvir Sofosbuvir: A uridine monophosphate analog inhibitor of HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) polymerase NS5B that is used as an ANTIVIRAL AGENT in the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS C.. sofosbuvir : A nucleotide conjugate that is used in combination with ledipasvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.	2.6	1	0	isopropyl ester; L-alanyl ester; nucleotide conjugate; organofluorine compound; phosphoramidate ester	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; prodrug
5-(4-amino-1-propan-2-yl-3-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-2-amine sapanisertib: an mTOR inhibitor	4.39	3	0	benzoxazole
exenatide Exenatide: A synthetic form of exendin-4, a 39-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the Gila monster lizard (Heloderma suspectum). Exenatide increases CYCLIC AMP levels in pancreatic acinar cells and acts as a GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR (GLP-1) agonist and incretin mimetic, enhancing insulin secretion in response to increased glucose levels; it also suppresses inappropriate glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying. It is used an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity agent.	2.05	1	0
blz 945 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
azd3839 AZD3839: a BACE1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
pf 3084014 nirogacestat: an antineoplastic agent. nirogacestat : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole substituted by a 1-[(2,2-dimethylpropyl)amino]-2-methylpropan-2-yl group at position 1 and a {N-[(2S)-6,8-difluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl]-L-norvalyl}amino group at position 4. It is a gamma-secretase inhibitor whose hydrobromide salt is indicated for adult patients with progressing desmoid tumours who require systemic treatment.	2.6	1	0
unc 0638 UNC 0638: inhibits lysine methyltransferases G9a and GLP; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	quinazolines
gs-9620 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
n-((5-(methanesulfonyl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-6-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1h-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-oxo-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide N-((5-(methanesulfonyl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-6-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-oxo-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide: structure in first source	2.6	1	0
bms 708163 BMS 708163: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	oxadiazole; ring assembly
jq1 compound [no description available]	4.39	3	0	carboxylic ester; organochlorine compound; tert-butyl ester; thienotriazolodiazepine	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; ferroptosis inducer
1-(5-((2,4-difluorophenyl)thio)-4-nitrothiophen-2-yl)ethanone 1-(5-((2,4-difluorophenyl)thio)-4-nitrothiophen-2-yl)ethanone: a USP7 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
chymostatin [no description available]	4.14	16	0
fructose-1,6-diphosphate fructose-1,6-diphosphate: RN refers to (D)-isomer	1.98	1	0
gsk525762a molibresib: mimicks acetylated histones; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	benzodiazepine
technetium tc 99m gluceptate [no description available]	2.38	2	0
ML240 ML240 : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted at positions 2, 5 and 8 by 2-amino-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl, benzylnitrilo and methoxy groups, respectively. It is a ATP-competetive inhibitor of AAA ATPase p97, also known as valosin-containing protein (VCP).	4.39	3	0	aromatic amine; aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; primary amino compound; quinazolines; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent
birinapant birinapant: a Smac mimetic with antineoplastic activity	2.6	1	0	dipeptide
ly2886721 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
nms-p118 NMS-P118: a PARP-1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
tubastatin a [no description available]	2.6	1	0	hydroxamic acid; pyridoindole; tertiary amino compound	EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
pracinostat pracinostat : A hydroxamic acid that is N-hydroxyacrylamide which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-butyl-1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl group (the E isomer). An orally available pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor with demonstrated activity in the treatment of advanced solid tumours.	2.6	1	0	benzimidazole; hydroxamic acid; olefinic compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
nimorazole [no description available]	2.04	1	0
spautin-1 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.	8.12	5	0
butyrolactone i butyrolactone I: selective inhibitor of cdk2 & cdc2 kinase; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	butenolide
ldn 57444 LDN 57444: inhibitor of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
gsk1210151a GSK1210151A: inhibitor of the BET family of proteins; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	imidazoquinoline
i-bet726 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
vasoactive intestinal peptide Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).	6.17	10	1
natriuretic peptide, brain Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.	8.29	15	7	polypeptide
acy-1215 ricolinostat: an HDAC6 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	pyrimidinecarboxylic acid
ac3174 AC3174: exenatide analog with antihypertensive, cardioprotective, insulin-sensitizing, and renoprotective effects	2.05	1	0
heparitin sulfate Heparitin Sulfate: A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.	2	1	0
cudc-907 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	6.73	24	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
raltegravir [no description available]	3.23	1	0	1,2,4-oxadiazole; dicarboxylic acid amide; hydroxypyrimidine; monofluorobenzenes; pyrimidone; secondary carboxamide	antiviral drug; HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.	4.65	8	0	carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	5.95	19	0
chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.	2.74	3	0
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.	4.77	9	0
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	4.95	11	0
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.	2.67	3	0	monohydroxybenzoate	plant metabolite
dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.	2.05	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam [no description available]	5.28	16	0	benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
roquinimex roquinimex: structure in first source	2.75	3	0	aromatic amide
acenocoumarol Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group.	2.98	4	0	C-nitro compound; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
meclocycline [no description available]	2.02	1	0
bactobolin bactobolin: from Pseudomonas sp. BN-183; has MF C14-H20-Cl2-N2-O6; RN given refers to parent cpd(R*)-isomer	2.04	1	0	amino acid amide
lfm a13 LFM-A13 : An enamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2Z)-2-cyano-3-hydroxybut-2-enoic acid with the amino group of 2,5-dibromoaniline. It is a dual-function inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and Polo-like kinases (PLK) that exhibits anticancer properties.	2.03	1	0	aromatic amide; dibromobenzene; enamide; enol; nitrile; secondary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.21 (polo kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; platelet aggregation inhibitor
mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.	4.96	11	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.	3.75	10	0	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
isoxicam isoxicam : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is piroxicam in which the pyrid-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the market in the 1980s following its association with cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.	3.44	7	0	benzothiazine; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antirheumatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	6.21	25	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
dihydroxyfumarate dihydroxyfumarate: RN given refers to ((E)-isomer); structure. dihydroxyfumaric acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid consisting of fumaric acid having two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions.	1.97	1	0	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid
demeclocycline Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.	4.03	4	0
phenprocoumon Phenprocoumon: Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.. phenprocoumon : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group.	2.05	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
tipranavir tipranavir: inhibits HIV-1 protease. tipranavir : A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.	4.58	7	0	sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
chlortetracycline hydrochloride Alexomycin: a thiopeptide; a cyclic peptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces arginensis isolated from the soil	2.46	2	0
l 701324 L 701324: a glycine/NMDA receptor antagonist	2.03	1	0	quinolines
tasquinimod tasquinimod: a lead second generation quinoline-3-carboxamide anti-angiogenic agent for the treatment of prostate cancer; structure in first source	3.92	2	0
rolitetracycline Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group.	2.74	3	0
sudoxicam sudoxicam: proposed ant-inflammatory agent; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZINES (75-86)	2.73	3	0
methacycline monohydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0
hispidin hispidin: metabolite of Basidiomycete Polyporus hispidus. hispidin : Fungal metabolite first found in basidiomycete Inonotus hispidus (formerly Polyporus hispidus).	2.03	1	0	2-pyranones; catechols	antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; fungal metabolite
minocycline hydrochloride [no description available]	2.97	4	0
demeclocycline hydrochloride demeclocycline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of demeclocycline. A tetracycline antibiotic, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.	2.98	4	0
tigecycline [no description available]	4.08	4	0
sancycline sancycline: RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0
lornoxicam lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations.	2.76	3	0	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gsk1265744 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	difluorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary carboxamide	HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
abt-267 ombitasvir: inhibits HCV NS5A protein, component of Viekirax. ombitasvir : A dipeptide derivative which is used which is in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, paritaprevir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	2.6	1	0	aromatic amide; carbamate ester; dipeptide; pyrrolidines	antiviral drug; hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
abt-333 dasabuvir: an antiviral agent. dasabuvir : A member of the class of pyrimidone, which is (as the monohydrate of its sodium salt) in combination with ombitasvir, paritaprevir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; naphthalenes; pyrimidone; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; nonnucleoside hepatitis C virus polymerase inhibitor
rgfp966 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
rg2833 RG2833: a histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
kaolinite Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.	3.48	8	0	aluminosilicate mineral; mixture	antidiarrhoeal drug; excipient
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	8.3	37	2
pi-1840 PI-1840: has both antineoplastic and proteasome inhibitory activities; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
acy-738 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
pelabresib CPI-0610: a bromodomain and extra-terminal protein inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	4.39	3	0	monochlorobenzenes; organic heterotricyclic compound; primary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibitor
gs-5806 presatovir: a respiratory syncytial virus entry inhibitor	2.6	1	0
doravirine [no description available]	2.6	1	0
gn6958 GN6958: inhibits SUMO-sentrin specific protease 1 (SENP1); structure in first source	2.6	1	0
vx-787 pimodivir: non‐nucleotide inhibitor of the polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) subunit of the influenza A that is active against H1N1, H7N9 and H5N1, as well as influenza A strains with reduced susceptibility to NAIs	2.6	1	0
ledipasvir ledipasvir : A benzimidazole derivative that is used in combination with sofosbuvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.	2.6	1	0	azaspiro compound; benzimidazole; bridged compound; carbamate ester; carboxamide; fluorenes; imidazoles; L-valine derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; organofluorine compound	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor
gs-5816 velpatasvir: an NS5A inhibitor used for treating hepatitis C infections. velpatasvir : A complex organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor used in combination with sofosbuvir (under the brand name Epclusa) for treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C of all six major genotypes.	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester; ether; imidazoles; L-valine derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; organic heteropentacyclic compound; ring assembly	antiviral drug; hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
g007-lk G007-LK: potent and specific small-molecule tankyrase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
ajmaline [no description available]	2.43	2	0
4-((1-butyl-3-phenylureido)methyl)-n-hydroxybenzamide 4-((1-butyl-3-phenylureido)methyl)-N-hydroxybenzamide: inhibits HDAC6; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
selinexor selinexor: inhibits karyopherin XPO1	2.6	1	0
verdinexor verdinexor: a selective inhibitor of nuclear export	2.6	1	0
cb-839 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
mk-8742 elbasvir: inhibits NS5A protein of hepatitis C virus. elbasvir : A complex organic heterotetracyclic compound that is a hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor used in combination with grazoprevir (under the brand name Zepatier) for treatment of chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4 infection in adults.	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester; imidazoles; L-valine derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; organic heterotetracyclic compound; ring assembly	antiviral drug; hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent
atglistatin atglistatin: inhibits adipose triglyceride lipase; structure in first source. atglistatin : A biphenyl that is 1,1'-biphenyl substituted by (dimethylcarbamoyl)amino and dimethylamino groups at positions 3 and 4', respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of adipose triglyceride lipase activity (IC50 = 700nM).	2.6	1	0
xen445 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
hirudin Hirudin: A 65-residue polypeptide from LEECHES.	1.98	1	0
santacruzamate a santacruzamate A: HDAC2 inhibitor from the Panamanian marine cyanobacterium cf. Symploca sp.; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.	3.09	5	0
fertinex [no description available]	3.23	1	0
enkephalin-met, arg(6)-phenh2(7)- enkephalin-Met, Arg(6)-PheNH2(7)-: heptapeptide enkephalinamide analog	1.98	1	0
nov 002 NOV 002: a 1000-to-1 mixture of glutathione disulfide and cisplatin that is used to increase efficacy of chemotherapy against advanced non-small cell lung cancer; modulates cellular redox balance	2.01	1	0
ldc4297 LDC4297: a CDK7 inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source. LDC4297 : A pyrazolotriazine that is pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine substituted by a piperidin-3-yloxy group, [2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzyl]nitrilo group and an isopropyl group at positions 2, 4 and 8 respectively. It is a potent and selective CDK7 inhibitor and exhibits antiviral activity.	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; piperidines; pyrazoles; pyrazolotriazine; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
scorpion toxin i, androctonus scorpion toxin I, Androctonus: from Androdoctonus australis Hector	2.13	1	0
PF-06446846 PF-06446846: inhibits translation of PCSK9 ;structure in first source. PF-06446846 : A triazolopyridine that is 3H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-b]pyridine substituted by a 4-{(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]carbamoyl}phenyl group at position 3. It is a potent inhibitor of PCSK9.	4.04	2	0	benzamides; monochloropyridine; piperidines; tertiary carboxamide; triazolopyridine	antilipemic drug; EC 3.4.21.61 (kexin) inhibitor
spironolactone, althiazide drug combination spironolactone, althiazide drug combination: combination of spironolactone and althiazide for treatment of benign essential hypertension	3.36	1	1
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone: an interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like protease inhibitor	2.41	2	0
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	1.99	1	0
enasidenib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	1,3,5-triazines; aminopyridine; aromatic amine; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.42 (isocitrate dehydrogenase) inhibitor
carboxypeptidase b Carboxypeptidase B: A ZINC-dependent carboxypeptidase primary found in the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. The enzyme catalyzes the preferential cleavage of a C-terminal peptidyl-L-lysine or arginine. It was formerly classified as EC 3.4.2.2 and EC 3.4.12.3.	1.96	1	0
calpastatin calpastatin: large mol wt, heat-stable calpain inhibitor; not based on sequestering Ca++ from medium, but binding to calpain does require Ca++. calpastatin peptide Ac 184-210 : A 27-membered polypeptide comprising the sequence Ac-Asp-Pro-Met-Ser-Ser-Thr-Tyr-Ile-Glu-Glu-Leu-Gly-Lys-Arg-Glu-Val-Thr-Ile-Pro-Pro-Lys-Tyr-Arg-Glu-Leu-Leu-Ala-NH2. An acetylated synthetic peptide from human calpastatin that strongly inhibits both calpains I and II but not papain (a cysteine protease) or trypsin (a serine protease).	2.01	1	0	polypeptide	EC 3.4.22.52 (calpain-1) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.53 (calpain-2) inhibitor
angiotensin i Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.. angiotensin I : A ten amino acid peptide formed by renin cleavage of angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I has no direct biological function except that high levels can stimulate catecholamine production. It is metabolized to its biologically active byproduct angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) through cleavage of the two terminal amino acids.. angiotensin I dizwitterion : A peptide zwitterion that is the dizwitterionic form of angiotensin I having both carboxy groups deprotonated and the aspartyl amino group and arginine side-chain protonated. It is the major species at pH 7.3.	15.82	431	19	angiotensin; peptide zwitterion	human metabolite; neurotransmitter agent
adrenomedullin Adrenomedullin: A 52-amino acid peptide with multi-functions. It was originally isolated from PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and ADRENAL MEDULLA but is widely distributed throughout the body including lung and kidney tissues. Besides controlling fluid-electrolyte homeostasis, adrenomedullin is a potent vasodilator and can inhibit pituitary ACTH secretion.	3.39	7	0
angiotensin iii Angiotensin III: A heptapeptide formed from ANGIOTENSIN II after the removal of an amino acid at the N-terminal by AMINOPEPTIDASE A. Angiotensin III has the same efficacy as ANGIOTENSIN II in promoting ALDOSTERONE secretion and modifying renal blood flow, but less vasopressor activity (about 40%).	4.77	32	0
deltakephalin deltakephalin: synthetic, potent specific agonist for opiate delta receptors	1.97	1	0
nephrin nephrin: gene nephrin is mutated in congenital nephrotic syndrome; amino acid sequence in first source; GenBank F19541; RefSeq NM_019459 (mouse), NM_004646 (human), NM_022628 (rat)	2.11	1	0
ginkgolide b [no description available]	1.97	1	0
vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.	4.09	3	1
s 8932 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic amine; C-nucleoside; carboxylic ester; nitrile; phosphoramidate ester; pyrrolotriazine	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; prodrug
dBET6 [no description available]	4.04	2	0	organic molecular entity
MZ1 [no description available]	4.04	2	0	organic molecular entity
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	6.4	9	5
peptide yy Peptide YY: A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the L cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide YY inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion.. peptide YY : A 36-membered human gut polypeptide consisting of Tyr, Pro, Ile, Lys, Pro, Glu, Ala, Pro, Gly, Glu, Asp, Ala, Ser, Pro, Glu, Glu, Leu, Asn, Arg, Tyr, Tyr, Ala, Ser, Leu, Arg, His, Tyr, Leu, Asn, Leu, Val, Thr, Arg, Gln, Arg and Tyr-NH2 residues joined in sequence.	1.97	1	0
AZ3451 [no description available]	4.04	2	0	benzimidazoles; benzodioxoles; nitrile; organobromine compound; secondary carboxamide	anti-inflammatory agent; autophagy inducer; PAR2 negative allosteric modulator
2-amino-4-methylsulfonyl butane thiol [no description available]	2.44	2	0
orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers	2.46	2	0
thromboplastin Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.	3.28	6	0
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	3.52	8	0
amyloid beta-peptides amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined	2.47	2	0
amyloid beta-peptides [no description available]	2.08	1	0
chondroitin sulfates Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.	2	1	0
technetium tc 99m dimercaptosuccinic acid Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid: A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in the diagnostic imaging of the renal cortex.	5.32	13	1
entecavir entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.	4.13	4	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	5.97	19	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
nu 1025 NU 1064: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	phenols; quinazolines	EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	8.17	47	1	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sepiapterin sepiapterin: A substrate of sepiapterin reductase	2.03	1	0	sepiapterin
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	3.01	4	0	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hypoxanthine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	nucleobase analogue; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	fundamental metabolite
inosine [no description available]	2.71	3	0	inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	6.14	9	1	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.	2.69	3	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
isoxanthopterin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	dihydroxypteridine
neopterin [no description available]	3.38	1	1
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	6.83	21	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.	11.01	20	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic
dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	5.47	11	0	dacarbazine
didanosine Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.	5.17	14	0	purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir [no description available]	5.24	15	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antiinfective agent; antiviral drug
valtrex [no description available]	2.08	1	0	organic molecular entity
valacyclovir Valacyclovir: A prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES.	4.94	6	0	L-valyl ester	antiviral drug
sildenafil sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.	4.55	7	0	piperazines; pyrazolopyrimidine; sulfonamide	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
olanzapine Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.	5.94	7	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
penciclovir penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.	3.31	6	0	2-aminopurines; propane-1,3-diols	antiviral drug
oxypurinol Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.	2.05	1	0	pyrazolopyrimidine	drug metabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
zaprinast zaprinast: anaphylaxis inhibitor; structure	2.69	3	0	triazolopyrimidines
raltitrexed [no description available]	2.47	2	0	N-acyl-amino acid
vardenafil vardenafil : The sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine.	4.08	4	0	imidazotriazine; N-alkylpiperazine; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
kf38789 KF38789: a non-carbohydrate low MW cpd that Inhibits P-selectin specific cell adhesion; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	6.88	36	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
azaguanine Azaguanine: One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.. 8-azaguanine : A triazolopyrimidine that consists of 3,6-dihydro-7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing amino and oxo substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively.	2.04	1	0	nucleobase analogue; triazolopyrimidines	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor
citrovorum factor [no description available]	4.09	4	0	tetrahydrofolic acid
leucovorin 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.	4.41	6	0	formyltetrahydrofolic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
rifapentine rifapentine: cyclopentyl derivative of rifampicin	3.61	2	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-iminopiperazine; rifamycins	antitubercular agent; leprostatic drug
thiolactomycin thiolactomycin: from actinomycetes; structure given in first source	2.45	2	0
4-hydroxyquinazoline 4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazoline: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	quinazolines
2,4-diaminohypoxanthine 2,4-diaminohypoxanthine: do not confuse abbreviation DAHP with various dehydro-deoxy-arabino-heptulosonic acid phosphates which also use DAHP; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.03	1	0	hydroxypyrimidine
alanosine [no description available]	2.45	2	0
3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamidoxime 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamidoxime: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	benzenetriol
bl 4162a anagrelide: imidazoquinazoline derivative which lowers platelet count probably by inhibiting thrombopoiesis and reduces platelet aggregation; used for thrombocythemia; structure in first source. anagrelide : A 1,5-dihydroimidazo[2,1-]quinazoline having an oxo substituent at the 2-position and chloro substituents at the 6- and 7-positions.	3.59	2	0	imidazoquinazoline	anticoagulant; antifibrinolytic drug; cardiovascular drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor
tegaserod tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source	4.28	5	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; hydrazines; indoles	gastrointestinal drug; serotonergic agonist
norclozapine norclozapine: structure given in first source. N-desmethylclozapine : A dibenzodoazepine substituted with chloro and piperazino groups which is a major metabolite of clozapine; a potent and selective 5-HT2C serotonin receptor antagonist.	2.6	1	0	dibenzodiazepine; organochlorine compound; piperazines	delta-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; serotonergic antagonist
pralidoxime iodide pralidoxime iodide : An organic iodide salt that has pralidoxime as the cation.	2.13	1	0	organic iodide salt; pyridinium salt	cholinergic drug; cholinesterase reactivator
pemetrexed pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).	3.73	2	0	N-acyl-L-glutamic acid; pyrrolopyrimidine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
7-deazaguanosine 7-deazaguanosine: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
bentazepam bentazepam: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.03	1	0	organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound
tirapazamine Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.	2.45	2	0	aromatic amine; benzotriazines; N-oxide	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
pelrinone pelrinone: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
sildenafil citrate Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.	3.54	2	0	citrate salt	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
valganciclovir Valganciclovir: A ganciclovir prodrug and antiviral agent that is used to treat CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS in patients with AIDS, and for the prevention of CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS in organ transplant recipients who have received an organ from a CMV-positive donor.. valganciclovir : The L-valinyl ester of ganciclovir, into which it is rapidly converted by intestinal and hepatic esterases. It is a synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine.	3.23	1	0	L-valyl ester; purines	antiviral drug; prodrug
aprepitant Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.	10.11	7	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; cyclic acetal; morpholines; triazoles	antidepressant; antiemetic; neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist; peripheral nervous system drug; substance P receptor antagonist
fosaprepitant fosaprepitant: a pro-drug form of aprepitant. fosaprepitant : A morpholine derivative that is the (1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl ether of (3-{[(2R,3S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxymorpholin-4-yl]methyl}-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phosphonic acid.	3.23	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; cyclic acetal; morpholines; phosphoramide; triazoles	antiemetic; neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist; prodrug
tegaserod maleate [no description available]	2.08	1	0	maleate salt	serotonergic agonist
ceftobiprole ceftobiprole: BAL5788 is Ceftobiprole medocaril sodium. ceftobiprole : A fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (E)-[(3'R)-2-oxo[1,3'-bipyrrolidin]-3-ylidene]methyl and [(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively; developed for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP, excluding ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin; thiadiazoles	antimicrobial agent
pyrazofurin pirazofurin : A C-glycosyl compound that is 4-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group.	2.04	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; pyrazoles	antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 4.1.1.23 (orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase) inhibitor
rifabutin [no description available]	4.76	9	0
azilsartan azilsartan: an angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker; receptor blocker. azilsartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a methoxy group and at position 1 by a 2'-[(5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl group. Used (as the prodrug, azilsartan medoxomil) for treatment of hypertension.	2.6	1	0	1,2,4-oxadiazole; aromatic ether; benzimidazolecarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent
quazinone [no description available]	2.03	1	0
8-bromocyclic gmp, sodium salt sodium 8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : An organic sodium salt having 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate as the counterion. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro.	2.03	1	0	organic sodium salt	muscle relaxant; protein kinase G agonist
8-bromocyclic gmp 8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the guanine ring. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro.	2.9	4	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; organobromine compound	muscle relaxant; protein kinase G agonist
ag-879 AG-879: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
hesperadin [no description available]	2.6	1	0
n(10)-methylfolate [no description available]	2.04	1	0	folic acids
5-methyltetrahydrohomofolic acid 5-methyltetrahydrohomofolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.	3.01	4	0	guanosines	biomarker
6-bromoindirubin-3'-acetoxime 6-bromoindirubin-3'-acetoxime: a synthetic derivative of a compound from the Mediterranean mollusk Hexaplex trunculus, protects cells from varicella infection	2.6	1	0
8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-gmp 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cGMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the purine fragment is replaced by a 4-chlorophenylthio group.	2.21	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; aryl sulfide; organochlorine compound; ribonucleotide	protein kinase agonist
pralidoxime chloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0	organic chloride salt; pyridinium salt	cholinergic drug; cholinesterase reactivator
amg531 [no description available]	2.06	1	0
ninopterin ninopterin: structure	2.04	1	0
phosphocreatinine phosphocreatinine: cyclic deriv of phosphocreatine; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
n'-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-hydroxy-2-naphthahydrazide [no description available]	2.6	1	0	catechols; hydrazide; hydrazone; naphthols	EC 3.6.5.5 (dynamin GTPase) inhibitor
ver 52296 luminespib : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-(2,4-dihydroxy-5-isopropylphenyl)-4-[4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of ethylamine.	4.04	2	0	aromatic amide; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide; morpholines; resorcinols	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; Hsp90 inhibitor
levomefolate calcium levomefolate calcium: an ingredient in Contraceptives, Oral, Combined. levomefolate calcium : An organic calcium salt of (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid.	3.23	1	0	organic calcium salt	antidepressant
XL413 XL413 : A benzofuropyrimidine that is 3,4-dihydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine substituted by (2S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl, oxo and chloro groups at positions 2, 4, and 8, respectively. It is a potent ATP competitive inhibitor of Cdc7 kinase (IC50 = 3.4 nM) and exhibits anticancer properties.	2.6	1	0	benzofuropyrimidine; organochlorine compound; pyrrolidines	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
rvx 208 apabetalone: a bromodomain and extra-terminal domain protein (BET) inhibitor; prevents interactions between BET proteins and acetyl-lysine residues on histone tails to modify epigenetic regulation	4.04	2	0
me0328 ME0328: inhibits ARTD3; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
dibutyryl cyclic gmp Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP: N-(1-Oxobutyl)-cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate)-2'-butanoate guanosine. A derivative of cyclic GMP. It has a higher resistance to extracellular and intracellular phosphodiesterase than cyclic GMP.	2	1	0
nvp-tnks656 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
eye [no description available]	2.66	3	0
maltodextrin maltodextrin : A dextrin in which the D-glucose units are linked by alpha-(1->4) glycosidic bonds.	2	1	0
acetylcellulose acetylcellulose: coating compound. cellulose acetate : A glucan derivative obtained through the esterification of cellulose by acetic anhydride or acetic acid, resulting in the substitution of some of the hydroxy groups of cellulose by acetyl groups. It is used in a variety of applications including base material for photographic film, clothing, membrane filters, coatings, food packaging, and as a frame material for eyeglasses.	2.72	3	0
apelin-12 peptide apelin-12 peptide: amino acid sequence in first source	2.1	1	0	oligopeptide	biomarker; human blood serum metabolite; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	4.28	7	0
technetium tc 99m-ethylenedicysteine technetium Tc 99m-ethylenedicysteine: renal imaging agent; structure given in first source	3.24	6	0
metallothionein Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.	2.48	2	0
dinitrobenzenes Dinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with two nitro groups in the ortho, meta or para positions.	1.96	1	0
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.	5.05	9	1
pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.	2.03	1	0

Intervention	ratio (Geometric Mean)
	SDE after captopril [N=22, 20]	SDE after aliskiren/irbesartan [N=22, 20]	Steady State Trough Effect [N= 21, 19]	Steady State Peak Effect [N=21, 19]	Accumulation of Peak Effect [N= 21, 18]
Aliskiren	1.18	2.53	4.41	4.81	1.93
Irbesartan	0.92	1.04	2.35	2.06	1.91

Intervention	µL/min (Mean)
	Single dose effect [N=13, 13]	Multiple dose effect [N=13, 11]
Aliskiren	-0.32	0.29
Irbesartan	0.43	0.35

Intervention	ratio (Geometric Mean)
	SDE after captopril [N=22, 19]	SDE after aliskiren/irbesartan [N=22, 20]	Steady State Trough Effect [N= 21, 19]	Steady State Peak Effect [N=21, 18]	Accumulation of Peak Effect [N= 21, 18]
Aliskiren	2.20	0.14	0.24	0.14	1.06
Irbesartan	1.54	0.83	2.67	2.21	2.71

captopril

Description

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Synonyms (218)

Research Excerpts

Overview

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Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (2)

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Pathways (1)

Protein Targets (47)

Potency Measurements

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Activation Measurements

Other Measurements

Biological Processes (274)

Molecular Functions (80)

Ceullar Components (72)

Bioassays (541)

Research

Studies (9,695)

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Research Demand Index: 103.54

Study Types

Clinical Trials (54)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Correlation of Quality of Life With Late Effects as Measured by European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) C-30 or EORTC Lung Cancer Module (LC-13)

Incidence of Therapy-induced Lung Toxicity

Persistence of Pulmonary Toxicity at 2 Years After Completion of Study Treatment

Baseline Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Change in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)%

Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)at 6 Months

Plasma B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)

Plasma B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) at 6 Months

Plasma B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) at Baseline

Changes in Health-related Quality of Life

Changes in Heart Failure Symptoms

Changes in NT-proBNP Values Over Time in All Patients

Composite Value of 3 Variables After 9 Months: Cardiovascular Death (Days Alive), Cardiovascular Hospitalization (Days Out of Hospital), Heart Failure Symptoms (Symptom Score Subset of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire - Questions 3,5,7,9)

Discontinuations

Number of CV Deaths

Number of Days in Hospital for CV Reason

Total Number of Titration Steps in Prescribed Heart Failure Treatment

Change From Baseline in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) After a Single Dose of Aliskiren or Irbesartan

Change From Baseline in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) After a Single Dose of Captopril

Change From Baseline in Renal Plasma Flow (RPF) After a Single Dose of Aliskiren or Irbesartan

Change From Baseline in Renal Plasma Flow (RPF) After a Single Dose of Captopril

Change From Baseline to Steady State Peak in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) After Aliskiren or Irbesartan

Change From Baseline to Steady State Peak in Renal Plasma Flow (RPF) After Aliskiren or Irbesartan

Change From Baseline to Steady State Trough in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) After Aliskiren or Irbesartan

Change From Baseline to Steady State Trough in Renal Plasma Flow (RPF) After Aliskiren or Irbesartan

Change From Single Dose Peak to Steady State Peak in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) After Aliskiren or Irbesartan

Change in Plasma Renin Concentration (PRC) After Captopril, Aliskiren or Irbesartan

Change in Serum Aldosterone After Captopril, Aliskiren or Irbesartan

Change From Baseline in Retinal Blood Flow After Aliskiren or Irbesartan

Change in Plasma Angiotensin I After Captopril, Aliskiren or Irbesartan

Change in Plasma Angiotensin II After Captopril, Aliskiren or Irbesartan

Change in Plasma Pro-renin Concentration After Captopril, Aliskiren or Irbesartan

Change in Plasma Renin Activity (PRA) After Captopril, Aliskiren or Irbesartan

Change From Single Dose Peak to Steady State Peak in Renal Plasma Flow (RPF) After Aliskiren or Irbesartan

Acute Renal Failure

Low Blood Pressure Subgroup

Number of Participants With Interoperative Hypotension

Older Age Subgroup

Postoperative Hypertension

Postoperative Hypotension

Related Drugs (4,604)

Related Conditions (1,317)