methanol profile

Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Products

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	887
CHEMBL ID	14688
CHEBI ID	17790
CHEBI ID	15734
MeSH ID	M0000655

Synonym
CHEBI:17790 ,
wood
CHEBI:15734
a primary alcohol
methylol
metanolo
alcool methylique
wood naphtha
metylowy alkohol
methyl hydroxide
nsc-85232
alcool metilico
nsc85232
methylalkohol
monohydroxymethane
wln: q1
inchi=1/ch4o/c1-2/h2h,1h
x-cide 402 industrial bactericide
caswell no. 552
alcohol, methyl
ccris 2301
rcra waste number u154
ai3-00409
epa pesticide chemical code 053801
hsdb 93
methanol cluster
MOH ,
wilbur-ellis smut-guard
coat-b1400
surflo-b17
un1230
methanol, or methyl alcohol [un1230] [flammable liquid, poison]
freers elm arrester
methyl hydrate
NCGC00091172-01
metanolo [italian]
alcool metilico [italian]
alcool methylique [french]
metylowy alkohol [polish]
methyl alcohol [nf]
methylalkohol [german]
rcra waste no. u154
metanol [spanish]
einecs 200-659-6
nsc 85232
C00132
carbinol
meoh
primary alcohol
ch3oh
methanol
67-56-1
methyl alcohol
wood alcohol
METOH ,
jandajel(tm)-oh, 50-100 mesh, extent of labeling: 1.0 mmol/g oh loading, 2 % cross-linked
jandajel(tm)-oh, 100-200 mesh, extent of labeling: 1.0 mmol/g oh loading, 2 % cross-linked
methanol, bioreagent, suitable for protein sequencing
jandajel(tm)-oh, 200-400 mesh, extent of labeling: 1.0 mmol/g oh loading, 2 % cross-linked
methanol, purification grade, 99.8%
methyl alcohol (nf)
D02309
alcohol, wood
methanol, low water for titration
methanol, semiconductor grade puranal(tm) (honeywell 17824)
methanol, anhydrous, 99.8%
methanol, semiconductor grade vlsi puranal(tm) (honeywell 17744)
AKOS000269045
methanol, or methyl alcohol [un1230] [flammable liquid, poison]
BMSE000294
CHEMBL14688
alcohol,methyl
M0628
M0097
NCGC00260072-01
tox21_202523
tox21_111094
dtxcid801731
dtxsid2021731 ,
cas-67-56-1
metanol
methanol, or methyl alcohol
unii-y4s76jwi15
y4s76jwi15 ,
ec 200-659-6
FT-0623465
FT-0628297
FT-0628299
alcohol,methyl [vandf]
methanol [who-dd]
methyl alcohol [ii]
methyl alcohol [mart.]
methanol [usp-rs]
methyl alcohol [hsdb]
methyl alcohol [inci]
methyl alcohol [usp-rs]
acetone impurity a [ep impurity]
methanol [ep monograph]
methyl alcohol (methanol)
methanol [mi]
methyl alcohol [fcc]
EPITOPE ID:116865
hydroxymethane
methyl-d1 alcohol
methanol, acs grade
methylalcohol
methanol-
ch4o
methly alcohol
pyro alcohol
un 1230
170082-17-4
methanol, low benzene, acs reagent, >=99.8%
methanol, ultrapure, spectrophotometric grade
mfcd00004595
methanol, ultrapure, hplc grade
methanol, anhydrous
methanol (peptide grade)
methanol, environmental grade
methanol, hplc grade
methanol, nmr reference standard
methanol, analytical standard
methanol, for hplc, gradient grade, suitable as acs-grade lc reagent, >=99.9%
methanol, puriss. p.a., acs reagent, reag. iso, reag. ph. eur., >=99.8% (gc)
methanol, saj first grade, >=99.5%
methanol, suitable for protein sequencing, bioreagent, >=99.93%
methyl alcohol, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
methanol, for hplc
methanol, >=99.8%, suitable for absorption spectrum analysis
methanol, jis special grade, >=99.8%
methanol, for hplc, gradient grade, >=99.9%
methanol, puriss. p.a., absolute, acs reagent, >=99.8% (gc)
methanol, puriss., meets analytical specification of ph eur, >=99.7% (gc)
methanol, acs reagent, >=99.8%
methanol, acs spectrophotometric grade, >=99.9%
methanol, for hplc, gradient grade, 99.93%
methanol, hplc plus, >=99.9%
methanol, pra grade, >=99.9%
methanol, saj special grade
methanol, for hplc, gradient grade, >=99.8% (gc)
methanol with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, tested for uhplc-ms
residual solvent class 2 - methanol, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
methanol, for hplc, >=99.9%
methanol, >=99.8%, for chromatography
methanol, suitable for determination of dioxins
methanol, laboratory reagent, >=99.6%
methanol, for hplc, >=99.8%
methanol, uhplc, for mass spectrometry
methanol, anhydrous, zero2(tm), 99.8%
methanol, anhydrous, >=99.5%
methanol, lr, >=99%
methanol, p.a., 99.9%
methanol, pharmaceutical secondary standard; certified reference material
methanol, 99.8%, acs reagent
methanol, spectrophotometric grade, >=99%
methanol, vetec(tm) reagent grade, anhydrous, >=99.8%
methanol hplc gradient grade
methanol, ar, >=99.5%
methanol, p.a., 99.8%
methanol lc-ms
methanol, p.a., acs reagent, reag. iso, reag. ph. eur., 99.9%
moisture in methanol, 93 mg/kg, nist(r) srm(r) 8509
methanol, uv hplc spectroscopic, 99.9%
methanol, hplc gradient, 99.9%
moisture in methanol, 325 mg/kg, nist(r) srm(r) 8510
methanol, absolute - acetone free
methanol; methyl alcohol
4-methyl-2-(2-thienyl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylicacid
methanol-[17o]
methanol, glass distilled hrgc/hplc trace grade
methanol, histology grade
FT-0700908
methanol hplc, uv-ir min. 99.9% isocratic grade
3'-hydroxystanozolol-d3
FT-0700959
Q27115113
Q14982
methanol, lcms grade
methyl alcohol (dot:osha)
acetone impurity a (ep impurity)
manhattan spirits
usepa/opp pesticide code: 053801
methyl alcohol (mart.)
methanol (methyl alcohol)
methanol, low benzene, acs reagent, = 99.8%
methanol, low benzene, hplc grade

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Methanol is a reduced one-carbon (C1) compound. "	( Aerobic Utilization of Methanol for Microbial Growth and Production. Brautaset, T; Heux, S; Kosec, G; Wendisch, VF, 2022)	2.47
"Methanol is a promising alternative feedstock for biomanufacturing. "	( Developing Synthetic Methylotrophs by Metabolic Engineering-Guided Adaptive Laboratory Evolution. Sun, J; Wang, Y; Zheng, P, 2022)	2.16
"Methanol intoxication is a serious problem in developing countries like ours. "	( Acute Methanol Toxicity: Clinical Correlation with Autopsy Findings, a Descriptive Study. Atam, V; Dandu, H; Gautam, M; Kumari, S; Rathore, S; Siddiqui, SS, 2022)	2.64
"Methanol is an ideal feedstock for biomanufacturing that can be beneficial for global carbon neutrality; however, the toxicity of methanol limits the efficiency of methanol metabolism toward biochemical production. "	( Rescuing yeast from cell death enables overproduction of fatty acids from sole methanol. Gao, J; Li, Y; Yu, W; Zhou, YJ, 2022)	2.39
"Methanol is a major volatile organic compound (VOC) emitted from plants. "	( Wearable Plant Sensor for In Situ Monitoring of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Crops. Dong, L; Ibrahim, H; Moru, S; Schnable, P, 2022)	2.16
"Methanol (MetOH) is a very important source of more complex molecules."	( Acid Enriched with Methanol: Formation of a Prebiotic Cluster in the Interstellar Medium. Bezerra, MG; do Monte, SA; Leitão, EFV; Ventura, E, 2022)	1.77
"Methanol is a liquid with high energy storage capacity that holds promise as an alternative substrate to replace sugars in the biotechnology industry. "	( Generation of an Escherichia coli strain growing on methanol via the ribulose monophosphate cycle. Christen, P; Gassler, T; Hemmerle, L; Keller, P; Kiefer, P; Noor, E; Reiter, MA; Vorholt, JA, 2022)	2.41
"Methanol toxicity is an important cause of toxic alcohol exposure resulting in morbidity and mortality in both adult and pediatric populations. "	( Methanol toxicity in a pediatric patient treated with fomepizole and hemodialysis. Maliakkal, J; McEnery, B; Scalzo, A, 2023)	3.8
"Methanol poisoning is a rare but potentially lethal condition. "	( Importance of Susceptibility-weighted-imaging in Methanol Toxicity. Alkan, A; Altintas, F; Cesme, DH; Kaya, A, 2022)	2.42
"Methanol is an abundant and low-cost next-generation carbon source. "	( Methanol bioconversion in Methylotuvimicrobium buryatense 5GB1C through self-cycling fermentation. Sauvageau, D; Stein, LY; Tan, Y, 2023)	3.8
"Methanol is a promising feedstock for industrial bioproduction: it can be produced renewably and has high solubility and limited microbial toxicity. "	( The cofactor challenge in synthetic methylotrophy: bioengineering and industrial applications. Claassens, NJ; Cotton, CA; Krüsemann, JL; Lindner, SN; Rainaldi, V, 2023)	2.35
"Methanol is an attractive and broadly available substrate for large-scale bioproduction of fuels and chemicals. "	( Synthetic methylotrophy: Strategies to assimilate methanol for growth and chemicals production. Antoniewicz, MR, 2019)	2.21
"Methanol is a very promising feedstock alternative to sugar-based raw materials for biomanufacturing because it does not compete with food production, is abundant and potentially sustainable in the future. "	( Engineering unnatural methylotrophic cell factories for methanol-based biomanufacturing: Challenges and opportunities. Bankefa, OE; Li, Y; Zhao, T; Zhu, T, )	1.82
"Methanol is a clear liquid with high toxicity. "	( Transdermal Methanol Intoxication. Genc, S; Gunalp, M; Gurler, S; Oguz, AB; Polat, O, 2019)	2.34
"Methanol is a widely available chemical with a range of uses including as solvent, as a fuel, in chemical synthesis and anti-freeze preparations. "	( Methanol related death in National Institute of Forensic Medicine, Hospital Kuala Lumpur: A case series. Chng, KL; Lai, PS; Mahmood, MS; Md Yaro, SW; Siew, SF, 2020)	3.44
"Methanol is a widely used industrial short-chain aliphatic alcohol with known neurotoxic properties. "	( Peripheral polyneuropathy after acute methanol poisoning: Six-year prospective cohort study. Hlusicka, J; Klepis, P; Kotikova, K; Navratil, T; Ridzon, P; Rulisek, J; Zak, I; Zakharov, S, 2020)	2.27
"Methanol is a sustainable substrate for biotechnology. "	( Methanol-Essential Growth of Brito, LF; Cahoreau, E; Haupka, C; Hennig, G; Heux, S; Rückert, C; Wendisch, VF, 2020)	3.44
"Methanol is a biotechnologically promising substitute for food and feed substrates since it can be produced renewably from electricity, water and CO"	( Methanol-dependent Escherichia coli strains with a complete ribulose monophosphate cycle. Anastassov, S; Keller, P; Kiefer, P; Meyer, F; Noor, E; Reiter, MA; Vorholt, JA, 2020)	3.44
"Methanol is an ubiquitous compound that plays a role in microbial processes as a carbon and energy source, intermediate in metabolic processes or as end product in fermentation. "	( Anaerobic microbial methanol conversion in marine sediments. Fischer, PQ; Sánchez-Andrea, I; Sousa, DZ; Stams, AJM; Villanueva, L, 2021)	2.39
"Methanol is a natural ingredient with major occurrence in fruit spirits, such as apple, pear, plum or cherry spirits, but also in spirits made from coffee pulp. "	( Methanol Mitigation during Manufacturing of Fruit Spirits with Special Consideration of Novel Coffee Cherry Spirits. Blumenthal, P; Einfalt, D; Lachenmeier, DW; Quintanilla Bellucci, A; Rieke-Zapp, J; Schwarz, S; Sommerfeld, K; Steger, MC, 2021)	3.51
"Methanol fixation is a simple and gentle method that has been routinely applied in scRNA-sEq. Yet, concerns remain that fixation may result in biases which may change the RNA-seq outcome."	( The effect of methanol fixation on single-cell RNA sequencing data. Wang, X; Wu, AR; Yu, L, 2021)	1.7
"Methanol is a promising feedstock for biomanufacturing of fuels and chemicals. "	( Transcriptome analysis reveals the roles of nitrogen metabolism and sedoheptulose bisphosphatase pathway in methanol-dependent growth of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Fan, L; Gao, N; Ni, X; Qian, J; Sun, J; Sun, L; Wang, Y; Yuan, Q; Zhang, Z; Zheng, P, 2021)	2.28
"Methanol intoxication is a global problem with serious morbidities and mortalities. "	( Predictors of poor outcomes among patients of acute methanol intoxication with particular reference to Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. Al-Mulhim, KA; AlAmeer, MR; Alarfaj, NH; AlAslai, KM; AlDawsari, MK; AlSabr, AI; AlSubaie, DS; BuSaleh, MJ; Sharif, AF, 2021)	2.31
"Methanol is a poison which is frequently discovered in alcoholic beverages. "	( Specific bioanalytical optical and photoelectrochemical assays for detection of methanol in alcoholic beverages. Barroso, J; Briz, N; Díez-Buitrago, B; Möller, M; Pavlov, V; Saa, L, 2018)	2.15
"Methanol is an important substrate in deep-subsurface environments, where thermophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria of the genus Desulfotomaculum have key roles."	( The deep-subsurface sulfate reducer Desulfotomaculum kuznetsovii employs two methanol-degrading pathways. Boeren, S; Franke, S; Kümmel, S; Pieterse, MM; Pinkse, MWH; Sousa, DZ; Stams, AJM; van Gelder, AH; Verhaert, PDEM; Visser, M; Vogt, C, 2018)	1.43
"Methanol is a volatile organic compound released from plants through the action of pectin methylesterases (PMEs), which demethylesterify cell wall pectins. "	( Methanol induces cytosolic calcium variations, membrane depolarization and ethylene production in arabidopsis and tobacco. Arbelet-Bonnin, D; Bouteau, F; Dauphin, A; Errakhi, R; Kadono, T; Kawano, T; Lehner, A; Meimoun, P; Nguyen, HTH; Tran, D; Zhao, T, 2018)	3.37
"Methanol is a polar hydrophilic reagent and can denature proteins, which suggested to us that the modification of protein configurations with methanol could improve sludge dewatering performance."	( Highly effective enhancement of waste activated sludge dewaterability by altering proteins properties using methanol solution coupled with inorganic coagulants. Du, Y; Wang, D; Wang, Q; Xu, Q; Yang, P; Zhang, W, 2018)	1.41
"Methanol intoxication is an infrequent cause of poisoning in the United Sates. "	( Extensive brain infarction and acute kidney injury in a young adult with methanol intoxication: A case report and review of the literature . Alkhankan, H; Neyra, JA; Sawaya, BP; Vasquez-Rios, G, 2018)	2.16
"Methanol is a low-cost and abundantly available feedstock derived from natural gas and syngas. "	( Engineering Artificial Fusion Proteins for Enhanced Methanol Bioconversion. Fan, L; Gao, N; Li, Q; Ma, Y; Sun, J; Tuyishime, P; Wang, Y; Zheng, P, 2018)	2.17
"Methanol is a well-established carbon source and inducer for efficient protein production employing Pichia pastoris (P. "	( Methanol Independent Expression by Pichia Pastoris Employing De-repression Technologies. Fischer, JE; Glieder, A; Hatzl, AM; Schmid, C; Weninger, A, 2019)	3.4
"Methanol is a common solubilizing agent used to study transmembrane proteins/peptides in biological and synthetic membranes. "	( Methanol Accelerates DMPC Flip-Flop and Transfer: A SANS Study on Lipid Dynamics. DiPasquale, M; Kelley, EG; Marquardt, D; Nguyen, MHL; Rickeard, BW; Stanley, CB, 2019)	3.4
"Methanol poisoning is an uncommon life-threatening ingestion associated with significant morbidity and requires prompt diagnosis and management for the best possible outcome. "	( Toxic Alcohol Ingestion/Methanol Ingestion. Masneri, DA; O'Brien, MC; Wittler, M, 2018)	2.23
"Methanol poisoning is a serious public health issue in developing countries, but few data are available in the literature on acute kidney injury (AKI) after methanol intoxication."	( Acute kidney injury and the risk of mortality in patients with methanol intoxication. Chang, ST; Hong, HH; Hou, YC; Hsu, CW; Huang, WH; Wang, IK; Wang, YT; Weng, CH; Yen, TH, 2019)	2.2
"Methanol is a common commercial compound that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality with high levels of exposure. "	( Impact of methanol intoxication on the human electrocardiogram. Baranchuk, A; Jaff, Z; McIntyre, WF; Yazdan-Ashoori, P, 2014)	2.25
"Methanol is a highly toxic substance and acute methanol poisoning produces severe metabolic acidosis and serious neurological symptoms, including severe visual impairment, extrapyramidal signs and coma. "	( MRI findings in methanol intoxication: a report of three cases. Azeemuddin, M; Naqi, R, 2012)	2.17
"Methanol intoxication is a dangerous situation because it often results in permanent problems such as visual deterioration, metabolic disturbances, neurological dysfunction, and even death. "	( Vision loss after accidental methanol intoxication: a case report. Gouliopoulos, NS; Ladas, I; Moschos, MM; Rouvas, A, 2013)	2.12
"Methanol is an important intermediate in the utilization of natural gas for synthesizing other feedstock chemicals. "	( Building carbon-carbon bonds using a biocatalytic methanol condensation cycle. Bogorad, IW; Chen, CT; Lam, AT; Liao, JC; Schlenz, AR; Theisen, MK; Wu, TY, 2014)	2.1
"The methanol acts as a non-solvent plasticizer and allows for polymer chain rearrangement and efficient packing of polymer chains."	( High-resolution direct 3D printed PLGA scaffolds: print and shrink. Chia, HN; Wu, BM, 2014)	0.88
"Methanol is a clear, colorless solvent used in antifreeze solutions, varnishes, cologne, copying machine fluids, perfume, spirit, paint, and fuel. "	( An undercovered health threat in Turkey: transdermal methanol intoxication. Altaş, M; Kozak, HH; Uca, AU, )	1.82
"Methanol is a widely used cryoprotectant (CPA) in cryopreservation of fish embryos, however little is known about its effect at the molecular level. "	( Use of methanol as cryoprotectant and its effect on sox genes and proteins in chilled zebrafish embryos. Desai, K; Spikings, E; Zhang, T, 2015)	2.31
"The methanol senor is a resistive type."	( Fabrication and Characterization of a Micro Methanol Sensor Using the CMOS-MEMS Technique. Dai, CL; Fong, CF; Wu, CC, 2015)	1.16
"Methanol is a common toxicant in the United States, especially from automotive products. "	( Methanol Kinetics in Chronic Kidney Disease After Fomepizole: A Case Report. Beckett, S; Cumpston, KL; Maskell, KF, )	3.02
"Methanol is a sustainable source of liquid fuels and one of the most useful organic chemicals. "	( Research Progress on the Indirect Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol. Du, XL; Jiang, Z; Su, DS; Wang, JQ, 2016)	2.11
"Methanol is a major volatile organic compound on Earth and serves as an important carbon and energy substrate for abundant methylotrophic microbes. "	( Methanol Production by a Broad Phylogenetic Array of Marine Phytoplankton. Aicher, AC; Mincer, TJ, 2016)	3.32
"Methanol is a versatile compound that can be biologically synthesized from methane (CH4) by methanotrophs using a low energy-consuming and environment-friendly process. "	( Potential of Immobilized Whole-Cell Methylocella tundrae as a Biocatalyst for Methanol Production from Methane. Kim, IW; Lee, JK; Li, J; Mardina, P; Patel, SK; Selvaraj, C, 2016)	2.11
"Methanol intoxication is an uncommon but serious poisoning. "	( Approach to the Treatment of Methanol Intoxication. Kraut, JA, 2016)	2.17
"Methanol is an attractive substrate for biological production of chemicals and fuels. "	( Engineering the biological conversion of methanol to specialty chemicals in Escherichia coli. Antoniewicz, MR; Bennett, RK; Collins, SM; Gonzalez, JE; Jones, JA; Koffas, MA; Palmer, MA; Papoutsakis, ET; Schmidt, S; Vernacchio, VR; Whitaker, WB, 2017)	2.16
"Methanol is an electron donor suitable for PCE degradation and the cometabolic electron donors are not limiting factors for PCE degradation."	( Biodegradation of tetrachlorothylene using methanol as co-metabolic substrate. Li, HD; Shang, HT; Wang, JL; Xi, HB; Yang, Q, 2008)	2.05
"Methanol is a promising feedstock for biotechnological and chemical processes as well as a primary source of energy to replace coal and petroleum. "	( Molecular basis of methanol-inducible gene expression and its application in the methylotrophic yeast Candida boidinii. Yurimoto, H, 2009)	2.12
"Methanol is a toxic substance with extremely devastating effects upon exposure. "	( Diffusion weighted image (DWI) findings in methanol intoxication. Ahsan, H; Akbar, M; Hameed, A, 2009)	2.06
"Methanol is a clear, colorless, and highly toxic liquid with a similar smell and taste to ethanol, and is found in many commercial products such as solvents and cleaning fluids. "	( Bilateral basal ganglionic lesions due to transdermal methanol intoxication. Asil, T; Balci, K; Karaduman, F; Temizoz, O; Unlu, E; Utku, U; Yilmaz, A, 2009)	2.04
"Methanol poisoning is a hazardous intoxication characterized by visual impairment and formic acidemia. "	( Ranitidine as an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor in acute methanol toxicity in rats. Attalla, SM; El-Bakary, AA; El-Dakrory, SA; Hasanein, NA; Malek, HA, 2010)	2.05
"Methanol is an important cause of acute alcohol intoxication; it is ubiquitously present at home and in the workplace. "	( Methanol induces a discrete transcriptional dysregulation that leads to cytokine overproduction in activated lymphocytes. Carignan, D; Caruso, M; de Campos-Lima, PO; Désy, O, 2010)	3.25
"Methanol is a toxic alcohol that can cause significant morbidity and mortality in overdose, while ethanol is a readily available and effective antidote. "	( The pharmacokinetics of methanol in the presence of ethanol: a case study. Coulter, CV; Duffull, SB; Isbister, GK, 2011)	2.12
"Methanol is an abundant (35 million metric tons per year), renewable chemical feedstock, yet its use as a one-carbon building block in fine chemical synthesis is highly underdeveloped. "	( Iridium-catalysed direct C-C coupling of methanol and allenes. Krische, MJ; Mesch, RA; Moran, J; Preetz, A, 2011)	2.08
"Methanol is a clear, colourless liquid with a smell and taste similar to ethanol. "	( Gastrointestinal and urinary tract bleeding in methanol toxicity. Emanhadi, M; Mahdavinejad, A; Mesri, M; Mostafazadeh, B; Talaie, H, 2008)	2.05
"Methanol is a large volume industrial chemical and widely used solvent and fuel additive. "	( Formation of hydroxymethyl DNA adducts in rats orally exposed to stable isotope labeled methanol. Gul, H; Lu, K; Moeller, BC; Swenberg, JA; Upton, PB, 2012)	2.04
"Methanol is a cheap and potent adulterant of illicit liquors. "	( Hemodialysis for methyl alcohol poisoning: a single-center experience. Godara, SM; Goplani, KR; Gumber, MR; Kute, VB; Munjappa, BC; Patel, HV; Shah, PR; Trivedi, HL; Vanikar, AV, 2012)	1.82
"Methanol is an amphiphilic solute whose aqueous solutions exhibit distinctive physical properties. "	( Modeling simple amphiphilic solutes in a Jagla solvent. Buldyrev, SV; Debenedetti, PG; Eugene Stanley, H; Rossky, PJ; Su, Z, 2012)	1.82
"Methanol is a potent neurotoxic substance that causes severe metabolic acidosis and serious neurological disorders. "	( Severe necrosis of oesophageal and gastric mucosa in fatal methanol poisoning. Cascallana, JL; Gordo, V; Montes, R, 2012)	2.06
"Methanol is considered to be a poison in humans because of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)-mediated conversion of methanol into toxic formaldehyde."	( Methanol may function as a cross-kingdom signal. Dorokhov, YL; Frolova, OY; Gleba, YY; Komarova, TV; Kosorukov, VS; Petrunia, IV; Shindyapina, AV; Zinovkin, RA, 2012)	2.54
"Methanol poisoning is a relatively rare but potentially serious medical emergency. "	( Ruling in the diagnosis of methanol intoxication in a young heavy drinker: a case report. Anyfantakis, D; Cristodoulakis, EV; Frantzeskakis, G; Symvoulakis, EK, 2012)	2.12
"Methanol poisoning is an insidious event that can culminate in severe metabolic disturbances, permanent neurologic dysfunction, blindness, and death. "	( Acute methanol ingestion. Foster, RL; Liner, SR; Sutton, TL, 2002)	2.24
"Methanol was found to be a better carbon source for 4-NP and 2,4-DNP degradation as compared to acetate and glucose, while 2-NP degradation was not influenced much by the change of substrate."	( Effects of alternative carbon sources on biological transformation of nitrophenols. Gupta, SK; Karim, K, 2002)	1.04
"Methanol was found to be a suitable electron donor for sulfate-reducing processes at a maximal temperature of 70 degrees C, with sulfide as the sole mineralization product of methanol degradation at that temperature."	( Thermophilic (55-65 degrees C) and extreme thermophilic (70-80 degrees C) sulfate reduction in methanol and formate-fed UASB reactors. Camarero, E; Lens, PN; Lettinga, G; Vallero, MV, )	1.07
"Methanol poisoning is an uncommon but potent central nervous system toxin. "	( Methanol poisoning: diagnosis and management. A case report. Ahmed, S; Ashebu, SD; Bitar, ZI, 2004)	3.21
"Methanol fuel is a most promising substitute for gasoline. "	( [Genotoxicity comparison between gasoline- and methanol-fueled exhaust by TK gene mutation assay]. Cai, C; Gou, X; Liang, Y; Lin, C; Shao, G; Shao, X; Wu, D; Zeng, X; Zhan, L; Zhang, H; Zhang, Z, 2005)	2.03
"Methanol is a widely used solvent and a potential fuel for motor vehicles. "	( Uptake and disposition of inhaled methanol vapor in humans. Ernstgård, L; Johanson, G; Shibata, E, 2005)	2.05
"Methanol remains to be a major public and environmental health hazard. "	( Therapeutic response to single intravenous bolus administration of formate dehydrogenase in methanol-intoxicated rats. Muthuvel, A; Rajamani, R; Sheeladevi, R, 2006)	2
"Methanol is a valuable raw material used in the manufacture of useful chemicals as well as a potential source of energy to replace coal and petroleum. "	( Assimilation, dissimilation, and detoxification of formaldehyde, a central metabolic intermediate of methylotrophic metabolism. Kato, N; Sakai, Y; Yurimoto, H, 2005)	1.77
"Methanol poisoning is a major problem in large parts of the developing world, especially among the economically depressed, and is responsible for innumerable deaths annually."	( Visual blurring and metabolic acidosis after ingestion of bootlegged alcohol. Jha, V; Rathi, M; Sakhuja, V, 2006)	1.06
"Methanol is a highly toxic substance used as an industrial solvent and automotive antifreeze. "	( Methanol-induced retinal toxicity patient examined by optical coherence tomography. Fujihara, M; Kikuchi, M; Kurimoto, Y, )	3.02
"Methanol is a neurotoxic compound that is responsible for serious damage on CNS. "	( Methanol alters ecto-nucleotidases and acetylcholinesterase in zebrafish brain. Arizi, Mde B; Bernardi, GF; Bogo, MR; Bonan, CD; Dias, RD; Rico, EP; Rosemberg, DB; Senger, MR, )	3.02
"Methanol is a common component of gasoline, antifreeze, washer fluid, perfume, household cleaners and various other industrial products. "	( Intracranial hemorrhage associated with methanol intoxication. Avci, A; Satar, S; Sebe, A; Topal, M; Uzun, B; Yesilagac, H, 2006)	2.04
"Methanol poisoning is an uncommon but potent central nervous system toxin. "	( Methanol poisoning: acute MR and CT findings in nine patients. Abbasi, HR; Borhani Haghighi, A; Kamali, K; Meshksar, A; Moghadami, M; Nabavizadeh, SA; Rasekhi, AR; Salooti, A; Sefidbakht, S, 2007)	3.23
"Methanol poisoning is a potentially fatal medical emergency because of its metabolism to formic acid. "	( Extremely slow formate elimination in severe methanol poisoning: a fatal case report. Hovda, KE; Jacobsen, D; McMartin, K; Mundal, H; Urdal, P, )	1.83
"Methanol is a highly toxic substance and acute methanol poisoning produces severe metabolic acidosis and serious neurological symptoms, including severe visual impairment, extrapyramidal signs and coma. "	( MRI findings in methanol intoxication: a report of two cases. Abrol, R; Arora, V; Attri, R; Chopra, R; Multani, AS; Nijjar, IB; Singh, JP, 2007)	2.13
"Methanol is a potent toxic substance for the optic nerves. "	( Bilateral complete optic atrophy and hemorrhagic infarction of the putamen caused by methanol intoxication. Ari, S; Caça, I; Kayabaşi, H, 2007)	2.01
"Methanol poisoning is an uncommon but an extremely hazardous intoxication. "	( Methanol poisoning. Becker, CE, 1983)	3.15
"Methanol is a toxicant that causes systemic and ocular toxicity after acute exposure. "	( Role of retinal metabolism in methanol-induced retinal toxicity. Garner, CD; Lee, EW; Louis-Ferdinand, RT; Terzo, TS, 1995)	2.02
"Methanol is an ocular toxicant which causes visual dysfunction often leading to blindness after acute exposure. "	( Müller cell involvement in methanol-induced retinal toxicity. Garner, CD; Lee, EW; Louis-Ferdinand, RT, 1995)	2.03
"Methanol is an ocular toxicant which causes visual dysfunction often leading to blindness after acute exposure. "	( Evaluation of methanol-induced retinotoxicity using oscillatory potential analysis. Garner, CD; Lee, EW, 1994)	2.09
"Methanol appeared to be a better choice of fixative than acetone, which greatly reduced the intensity of fluorescence with one of the species-specific antibodies."	( Performance of three commercially available monoclonal reagents for confirmation of Chlamydia pneumoniae in cell culture. Hammerschlag, MR; Montalban, GS; Roblin, PM, 1994)	1.01
"Methanol is an important anaerobic substrate in industrial wastewater treatment and the natural environment. "	( Importance of cobalt for individual trophic groups in an anaerobic methanol-degrading consortium. Field, JA; Florencio, L; Lettinga, G, 1994)	1.97
"Methanol is a common ingredient in many household products and intoxication can arise easily from inadvertent exposure through ingestion, inhalation or percutaneous absorption. "	( Mass methanol poisoning: a clinico-biochemical analysis of 10 cases. Lo, KL; Teo, SK; Tey, BH, 1996)	2.25
"Methanol is found to be a suitable medium for the weakly acidic compounds titrated since they are poorly dissolved in other organic solvents."	( Determination of relative acidities of some alpha, omega-bis(3-alkyl(aryl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-on-4-yl) alkanes. Dalman, O; Güner, S; Karaböcek, S; Nohut, S; Sancak, K; Tüfekçi, M, 1998)	1.02
"Methanol (10 mM) is a concentration found in the blood of victims demonstrating early CNS toxicity."	( Methanol elevates cytosolic calcium ions in cultured canine cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells: possible relation to CNS toxicity. Altura, BM; Altura, BT; Li, W; Wang, J; Zheng, T, )	2.3
"Methanol ingestion is a cause of potentially life-threatening poisoning with numerous systemic manifestations. "	( Pancreatic injury following acute methanol poisoning. Hantson, P; Mahieu, P, 2000)	2.03
"Methanol is an important public health and environmental concern because of the selective actions of its neurotoxic metabolite, formic acid, on the retina, optic nerve and central nervous system. "	( Development and characterization of a rodent model of methanol-induced retinal and optic nerve toxicity. Eells, JT; Henry, MM; Lewandowski, MF; Murray, TG; Seme, MT, 2000)	2
"Methanol intoxication is an uncommon clinical problem leading to profound metabolic acidosis with serious neurological deterioration. "	( Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in a case of methanol intoxication. Deniz, S; Dormont, D; Lalam, TF; Lehéricy, S; Marsault, C; Oppenheim, C; Sharshar, T, 2000)	1.99
"Methanol is a toxic agent that affects the central nervous system, especially the optic nerves and basal ganglia. "	( Methanol intoxication with bilateral basal ganglia infarct. Comoğlu, S; Ozbakir, S; Ozen, B, 2001)	3.2
"Methanol is a toxic which is distributed through all the systems and viscera of the organism and tends to cause a severe metabolic acidosis."	( Short- and long-term success of organs transplanted from acute methanol poisoned donors. Caballero, F; Cabrer, C; Frutos, MA; González-Segura, C; López-Navidad, A, 2002)	1.28
"Methanol (CH3OH) is a chemical feedstock of increasing importance as well as a commonly used solvent. "	( A case of percutaneous industrial methanol toxicity. Downie, A; Khattab, TM; Malik, MI; Samara, IN, 1992)	2.01
"Methanol ingestion is an uncommon form of poisoning that can cause severe metabolic disturbances, blindness, permanent neurologic dysfunction and death. "	( Methanol poisoning. Kruse, JA, 1992)	3.17
"Methanol is a highly toxic substance which is used as an industrial solvent and in automotive antifreeze. "	( Partly reversible visual failure with methanol toxicity. O'Day, J; Stelmach, MZ, 1992)	2
"Methanol is a widely used solvent for organic compounds and a human toxicant. "	( The interaction of methanol, rat-liver S9 and the aromatic amine 2,4-diaminotoluene produces a new mutagenic compound. Burka, LT; Cunningham, ML; Matthews, HB, 1990)	2.05
"Methanol poisoning is a relatively rare but extremely hazardous form of intoxication that can result in blindness or death. "	( Methanol poisoning. How to recognize and treat a deadly intoxication. Haines, JD, 1987)	3.16

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Methanol has a higher degree of reduction per carbon than glucose (6 vs."	( Aerobic Utilization of Methanol for Microbial Growth and Production. Brautaset, T; Heux, S; Kosec, G; Wendisch, VF, 2022)	1.75
"Methanol has a significant effect on the performance of the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over the nitrite (CANON) process. "	( Low-concentration methanol effect on the microorganisms, nitrogen removal, and recovery of the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite. Lai, M; Liu, Y; You, A; Yue, X; Zhang, K, 2023)	2.69
"Methanol has a very simple chemical structure (CH3OH) considering its potential health hazard, including the many poisoning deaths after ingestion. "	( Clinical and forensic toxicology of methanol. Jones, AW, 2021)	2.34
"Methanol has a relatively low toxicity and metabolism is responsible for the transformation of methanol to its toxic metabolites. "	( American Academy of Clinical Toxicology practice guidelines on the treatment of methanol poisoning. Barceloux, DG; Bond, GR; Cooper, H; Krenzelok, EP; Vale, JA, 2002)	1.98
"Methanol has a direct effect on mycelial morphology and it promotes pellet formation."	( Stimulatory effect of alcohols (methanol and ethanol) on citric acid productivity by a 2-deoxy D-glucose resistant culture of aspergillus niger GCB-47. Ali, S; Haq, IU; Iqbal, J; Qadeer, MA, 2003)	1.32
"Methanol has a higher degree of reduction per carbon than glucose (6 vs."	( Aerobic Utilization of Methanol for Microbial Growth and Production. Brautaset, T; Heux, S; Kosec, G; Wendisch, VF, 2022)	1.75
"Methanol has a significant effect on the performance of the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over the nitrite (CANON) process. "	( Low-concentration methanol effect on the microorganisms, nitrogen removal, and recovery of the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite. Lai, M; Liu, Y; You, A; Yue, X; Zhang, K, 2023)	2.69
"The methanol extraction has issues of a gelatinous substrate in the samples."	( The effect of liquid-liquid extraction on metabolite detection and analysis using NMR spectroscopy in human synovial fluid. Akhbari, P; Bhattacharya, R; Boulangé, CL; Graça, G; Gupte, CM; Jaggard, MKJ; Lindon, JC; Vaghela, U; Williams, HRT, 2023)	1.39
"Methanol has shown a negligible impact on enzyme inhibition and kinetics, suggesting its suitability for the AChE assay."	( Effect of Organic Solvents on Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition and Enzyme Kinetics. Baswar, D; Mishra, A, 2023)	1.63
"Methanol has become an attractive substrate for the biomanufacturing industry due to its abundant supply and low cost. "	( [Advances in biotransformation of methanol into chemicals]. Guo, F; Jiang, M; Liu, K; Ma, J; Qiao, Y; Xin, F; Zhang, S; Zhang, W, 2023)	2.63
"Methanol has been typically analyzed with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID)."	( SPME-GC/MS Analysis of Methanol in Biospecimen by Derivatization with Pyran Compound. Ahn, DJ; Bang, IS; Jeong, YA; Lee, JB, 2019)	1.55
"Methanol poisoning has been a significant public health challenge for several decades in Iran. "	( A syndemic of COVID-19 and methanol poisoning in Iran: Time for Iran to consider alcohol use as a public health challenge? Baral, S; Nasiri, N; Sharifi, H; Shokoohi, M; Stranges, S, 2020)	2.3
"Methanol has a very simple chemical structure (CH3OH) considering its potential health hazard, including the many poisoning deaths after ingestion. "	( Clinical and forensic toxicology of methanol. Jones, AW, 2021)	2.34
"Methanol has been historically considered an exogenous product that leads only to pathological changes in the human body when consumed. "	( Metabolic methanol: molecular pathways and physiological roles. Dorokhov, YL; Komarova, TV; Sheshukova, EV; Shindyapina, AV, 2015)	2.26
"Methanol has been used in the sample treatment step to avoid the emulsion formation and to break the N-glycosidic bond between sugars and sulfonamides."	( A new and simple method to determine trace levels of sulfonamides in honey by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Bernal, J; Jiménez, JJ; Martín, MT; Nozal, MJ; Sanz, E, 2009)	1.07
"Methanol has been added to legally produced wines to increase their "bite" and ethylene glycol to increase their sweetness."	( [Adulterated alcoholic beverages]. Jóhannesson, B; Kristinsson, J; Magnúsdóttir, K, 2010)	1.08
"Methanol poisoning has led to Parkinsonism and polyneuropathy."	( Delayed neurological sequelae from ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and methanol poisonings. Lewis, LD; Reddy, NJ; Sudini, M, 2010)	1.31
"Methanol poisoning has become a considerable problem in Iran. "	( Fatal methanol poisoning: features of liver histopathology. Akhgari, M; Bazmi, E; Etemadi-Aleagha, A; Mahdavi, A; Nazari, SH; Panahianpour, MH, 2013)	2.31
"Methanol has not been listed as a carcinogen by any regulatory agency; however, there are debates about its carcinogenic potential."	( Formation of hydroxymethyl DNA adducts in rats orally exposed to stable isotope labeled methanol. Gul, H; Lu, K; Moeller, BC; Swenberg, JA; Upton, PB, 2012)	1.32
"Methanol has been introduced in mixture with n-hexane in order to increase the bioavailability of n-hexane in trickle-bed-air-biofilters (TBABs)."	( Effect of methanol on the biofiltration of n-hexane. Hassan, AA; Sorial, GA; Zehraoui, A, 2012)	1.5
"Methanol poisoning has become very uncommon in Australasia with regulations that have reduced its retail availability. "	( Toxic cocktail: methanol poisoning in a tourist to Indonesia. Gee, P; Martin, E, 2012)	2.17
"Methanol and ethanol have been identified as oil-soluble by-products generated by the aging of oil-impregnated cellulosic insulation materials of power transformers. "	( Robust and sensitive analysis of methanol and ethanol from cellulose degradation in mineral oils. Collin, P; Duchesne, S; Jalbert, J; Rodriguez-Celis, E; Tétreault, P, 2012)	2.1
"This methanolic extract has potential to be included in short-term hypercholesterolemia treatment regimens as it exhibits hypolipidemic activity with no apparent toxic manifestations."	( Antihyperlipidemic effect of methanolic extract from Opuntia joconostle seeds in mice fed a hypercholesterolemic diet. Alvarez, VB; Garduño-Siciliano, L; Hernández-Navarro, MD; Ortiz-Moreno, A; Osorio-Esquivel, O, 2012)	1.13
"Methanol has a relatively low toxicity and metabolism is responsible for the transformation of methanol to its toxic metabolites. "	( American Academy of Clinical Toxicology practice guidelines on the treatment of methanol poisoning. Barceloux, DG; Bond, GR; Cooper, H; Krenzelok, EP; Vale, JA, 2002)	1.98
"Methanol has a direct effect on mycelial morphology and it promotes pellet formation."	( Stimulatory effect of alcohols (methanol and ethanol) on citric acid productivity by a 2-deoxy D-glucose resistant culture of aspergillus niger GCB-47. Ali, S; Haq, IU; Iqbal, J; Qadeer, MA, 2003)	1.32
"Cold methanol fixation has traditionally been used before visualization of cytoskeletal elements."	( Fixation methods for the study of lipid droplets by immunofluorescence microscopy. Brasaemle, DL; DiDonato, D, 2003)	0.77
"Methanol has neurotoxic actions on the human retina due to its metabolite, formic acid, which is a mitochondrial toxin. "	( Formate, the toxic metabolite of methanol, in cultured ocular cells. Burke, JM; Eells, JT; Henry, MM; Skumatz, CM; Treichel, JL, 2003)	2.04
"Methanol has been used as run buffer solvent to reduce the electroosmotic flow (EOF)."	( Analysis of tetrabromobisphenol A and other phenolic compounds in water samples by non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis coupled to photodiode array ultraviolet detection. Blanco, E; Casais, MC; Cela, R; Mejuto, MC, 2005)	1.05
"methanolica has two alcohol oxidase (AOD) genes, MOD1 and MOD2."	( Pectin utilization by the methylotrophic yeast Pichia methanolica. Fujimura, S; Ito, T; Miyaji, T; Nakagawa, T; Tomizuka, N; Yamada, K, 2005)	1.3
"Methanol has little effect on the secondary and tertiary structures of rmethuG-CSF when its concentration is in the range of 0 to 20% (v/v)."	( Methanol-induced tertiary and secondary structure changes of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor. Ishikawa, R; Iwura, T; Ozaki, Y; Yamazaki, K, 2006)	2.5
"Methanol has been found to be suitable for extracting adequate amounts of tyrosinase-inhibiting component from the natural thallus."	( Tyrosinase-inhibitory activity in some species of the lichen family Graphidaceae. Adawadkar, B; Behera, BC; Makhija, U, 2006)	1.06
"methanolica has the ability to recognize oxygen conditions and the respiratory chain should participate in the sensor for available oxygen."	( Peroxisomal metabolism is regulated by an oxygen-recognition system through organelle crosstalk between the mitochondria and peroxisomes. Fujimura, S; Ito, T; Matsufuji, Y; Miyaji, T; Nakagawa, T; Tomizuka, N, 2007)	1.06
"The methanolic extract has also accelerated the process of spermatogenesis by increasing the sperm count and accessory sex organ weights."	( Anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic and spermatogenic effects of Amaranthus spinosus Linn. on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Jayakar, B; Sangameswaran, B, 2008)	0.83
"Methanol dehydrogenase has been purified from the type I marine methanotroph Methylomonas sp. "	( Methanol oxidation genes in the marine methanotroph Methylomonas sp. strain A4. Chistoserdova, LV; DiSpirito, AA; Lidstrom, ME; Waechter-Brulla, D, 1993)	3.17
"Methanol has widespread applications in industry and manufacturing and is under consideration as an alternative automotive fuel. "	( Effects of methanol on embryonic mouse palate in serum-free organ culture. Abbott, BD; Logsdon, TR; Wilke, TS, 1994)	2.12
"Methanol has been proposed as an alternative automotive fuel to reduce pollution in the urban environment. "	( Serum concentrations of methanol after inhalation at 200 ppm. Chuwers, P; D'Alessandro, A; Kelly, TJ; Mogadeddi, H; Osterloh, JD, 1996)	2.04
"Methanol has been proposed as an alternative fuel for CO nonattainment areas."	( Penetration of evaporative emissions into a home from an M85-fueled vehicle parked in an attached garage. Tsai, PY; Weisel, CP, 2000)	1.03
"Methanol has been proposed in different countries as an alternative automotive fuel to be used as an additive to, or replacement for, gasoline or ethanol. "	( Frequency of oral mucosa micronuclei in gas station operators after introducing methanol. Cardoso, Lde A; Gattás, GJ; Medrado-Faria, Mde A; Saldanha, PH, 2001)	1.98
"The methanol technique has the advantage of being easier to carry out under field conditions, while parasite viability is significantly better using the ethanediol technique."	( Onchocerca lienalis: comparison of techniques for the cryopreservation of microfilariae within skin-snips or free of host tissues. Tagboto, SK; Townson, S, 1991)	0.76
"Thus methanol has little or no effect when Ca2+ is the divalent cation, but stimulates the reaction when Mg2+ is used."	( Evidence for multiple effects in the methanol activation of chloroplast coupling factor 1. Anthon, GE; Jagendorf, AT, 1986)	1

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Methanol metabolites cause histotoxic hypoxia to the optic nerve."	( Höffding step and beyond: The impact of visual sensory impairment on cognitive performance in neuropsychological testing of survivors of acute methanol poisoning. Bezdicek, O; Bukacova, K; Diblík, P; Klempíř, J; Klepiš, P; Libon, DJ; Mana, J; Pelclova, D; Růžička, E; Urban, P; Zakharov, S, 2023)	1.83
"Methanol poisoning can cause an optic neuropathy that is usually severe and irreversible and often occurs after ingestion of illicit or homemade alcoholic beverages. "	( Erythropoietin in Treatment of Methanol Optic Neuropathy. Haghighi, A; Kashkouli, MB; Naderi, A; Pakdel, F; Pirmarzdashti, N; Sanjari, MS, 2018)	2.21
"Methanol poisoning may cause increase in markers of cardiac damage."	( Metabolic disorders due to methanol poisoning. Humpolicek, P; Ponizil, P; Salek, T, 2014)	1.42
"In methanol the slower part of the TDSS is solute-dependent."	( Polar solvation dynamics in water and methanol: search for molecularity. Ernsting, NP; Sajadi, M; Wagenknecht, HA; Weinberger, M, 2011)	1.15
"Methanol was studied because its toxicity resembles the symptoms of PD and the symptoms are relieved by L-dopa meaning that MeOH targets the NSDA system."	( Prenatal exposure to methanol as a dopamine system sensitization model in C57BL/6J mice. Charlton, CG; King, J; Mackey, VR; Muthian, G; Smith, M, 2012)	1.42
"Methanol oxidase (Mox) plays a key role in this pathway and its synthesis has been shown to be regulated at the transcriptional level."	( The Hansenula polymorpha MOX gene presents two alternative transcription start points differentially utilized and sensitive to respiratory activity. Genu, V; Gödecke, S; Hollenberg, CP; Pereira, GG, 2003)	1.04
"Methanol was able to inhibit NTPDase1, two isoforms of NTPDase2 and AChE transcripts."	( Methanol alters ecto-nucleotidases and acetylcholinesterase in zebrafish brain. Arizi, Mde B; Bernardi, GF; Bogo, MR; Bonan, CD; Dias, RD; Rico, EP; Rosemberg, DB; Senger, MR, )	2.3
"methanolic flower extract, as well as its mutagenic/antimutagenic effects."	( Antioxidant and antimutagenic properties of Hibiscus tiliaceus L. methanolic extract. Abad, FC; Caramão, EB; da Costa Halmenschlager, R; de Paula Ramos, AL; Henriques, JA; Melecchi, MI; Rosa, RM; Saffi, J; Simoni, CR, 2006)	1.29
"The methanol-induced increase in the proportion of fetuses with extra ribs was not altered by malnutrition, but methanol potentiated the malnutrition-induced increase in the proportion of fetuses with signs of delayed ossification (WNC = 18.6%, WNM = 25.4%, MNC = 39.7%, and MNM = 78.4%)."	( Embryotoxicity of methanol in well-nourished and malnourished rats. Chahoud, I; De-Carvalho, RR; Delgado, IF; Paumgartten, FJ; Souza, CA, 1994)	1.1
"Methanol did not increase cell death in the neuroepithelium or neural folds and neural tube defects cannot be explained by excess cell death."	( Cell death in rat and mouse embryos exposed to methanol in whole embryo culture. Abbott, BD; Andrews, JE; Ebron-McCoy, M, 1995)	1.27
"Methanol toxicity can cause severe central nervous system insult in which a characteristic pattern of bilateral putaminal injury is noted on brain imaging studies. "	( Putaminal infarct in methanol intoxication: case report and role of brain imaging studies. Frank, LR; Krenzelok, EP; Roberge, RJ; Scorza, L; Srinivasa, NS, 1998)	2.06
"(b) Methanol seems to increase potassium current by shifting the potential towards more negative values in depolarized vascular muscl"	( Differential effects of methanol on rat aortic smooth muscle. Altura, BM; Altura, BT; Li, W, 1998)	1.09
"Methanol was found to inhibit CYP2C9 and CYP2E1 activities, but to a lesser extent than DMSO."	( Effects of organic solvents on the activities of cytochrome P450 isoforms, UDP-dependent glucuronyl transferase, and phenol sulfotransferase in human hepatocytes. Easterbrook, J; Li, AP; Lu, C; Sakai, Y, 2001)	1.03
"Methanol appeared to cause a general tightening of complexes, which may arise from an effect on the "activities" of species in solution."	( The effects of methanol on the glutamate dehydrogenase reaction at 0 degrees C. Bradley, BA; Colen, AH; Fisher, HF, 1979)	1.33
"Methanol did not cause death or any changes in delta mu Na."	( Pollutant-induced depression of the transmembrane sodium gradient in muscles of mussels. Aunaas, T; Børseth, JF; Einarson, S; Nordtug, T; Olsen, AJ; Zachariassen, KE, 1992)	1
"Methanol does not cause substantial alterations of the parameters of the cell-free translation system."	( Methyl mercury-induced combined inhibition of ATP regeneration and protein synthesis in reticulocyte lysate cell-free translation system. Govorkov, AV; Ivanov-Snaryad, AA; Kuznetsov, DA; Zavijalov, NV, 1986)	0.99

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Methanolic treatment of S."	( Methanolic extract of S. securidaca flowers, leaves, and seeds' antihyperlipidemic effects on high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in Wistar rats. Al-Nadaf, AH; Aldal'in, H; Awadallah, A; Bastoni, HM; Thiab, S, 2023)	3.07
"Methanol treatment enhanced the mechanical strength of SF MNs up to about 113% more depending on the treatment duration."	( Rapid and repeatable fabrication of high A/R silk fibroin microneedles using thermally-drawn micromolds. Lee, J; Lee, KJ; Park, SH; Ryu, W; Seo, IH, 2015)	1.14
"Methanol vapours were treated in a biotrickling filter (BTF) packed with inert polypropylene spheres. "	( Control of methanol vapours in a biotrickling filter: performance analysis and experimental determination of partition coefficient. Avalos Ramirez, A; Heitz, M; Peter Jones, J, 2009)	2.19
"Methanol treatment was used to promote crystallinity."	( Mechanisms of controlled release from silk fibroin films. Hines, DJ; Kaplan, DL, 2011)	1.09
"Methanol treatment on GD 7 resulted in reduced mesenchyme surrounding the fore- and midbrain, and in the first branchial arches, by GD 8 12 hr. "	( Pathogenesis of methanol-induced craniofacial defects in C57BL/6J mice. Degitz, SJ; Kawanishi, CY; Massenburg, GS; Rogers, JM; Zucker, RM, 2004)	2.11
"Methanol pretreatment increased on average by 24% and 21% the recovery of water-soluble metals from SRM1649a and EHC-93, but not SRM1650."	( Effects of sample preparation on chemistry, cytotoxicity, and inflammatory responses induced by air particulate matter. Hälinen, AI; Hirvonen, MR; Jalava, P; Salonen, RO; Sandell, E; Sillanpää, M, 2005)	1.05
"For methanol treatments, purification factors were all 1.09 to 5.98, and they increased as methanol concentration increased."	( Extraction of nisin from a 2.5% commercial nisin product using methanol and ethanol solutions. Davidson, PM; Taylor, TM; Zhong, Q, 2007)	1.06
"Methanol treated (4 g/kg) Csb-FAD mice excreted 30.8-48.2% of the oral dose as urinary formate, depending on the level of dietary methionine."	( Acute toxicity of methanol in the folate-deficient acatalasemic mouse. Smith, EN; Taylor, RT, 1982)	1.32
"Methanol treatment, on the other hand, had no effect on any ALDH activity."	( Trichloroethylene inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase only for aliphatic aldehydes of short chains in rats. Honma, T; Nakajima, T; Wang, RS, 1999)	1.02
"Methanol treatment of the samples prior to analysis precipitates the interfering substances and eliminates the aberrant effect."	( Aberrant radioimmunoassay results for cannabinoids in urine. Altunkaya, D; Smith, RN, 1990)	1
"Treatment with methanol extract of A."	( In vitro antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of Azolla microphylla phytochemically synthesized gold nanoparticles on acetaminophen - induced hepatocyte damage in Cyprinus carpio L. Bhattacharjee, C; Chowdhury, R; Kunjiappan, S, 2015)	0.76
"Treatment with methanol and H(2)O(2) inactivated endogenous peroxidases and effectively reduced the background signal."	( An improved fluorescence in situ hybridization protocol for the identification of bacteria and archaea in marine sediments. Amann, R; Ishii, K; MacGregor, BJ; Mussmann, M, 2004)	0.66
"The treatment with methanol exhibited a significant increase in serum hepatic and renal biochemical parameters (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin, urea, and creatinine)."	( Differential oxidative stress responses to methanol in intraperitoneally exposed rats: ameliorative effects of Opuntia vulgaris fruit extract. Ben Hsouna, A; El Feki, A; Jamoussi, K; Jaoua, S; Saoudi, M; Trigui, M, 2012)	0.96
"Treatment with methanolic extract of NR/CAL/06 (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) for 90 d dose-dependently restored the ovariectomy-induced alterations in bone weight, bone mineral content, bone strength, serum calcium, phosphorus and ALP, body weight and adipose weight nearly to normal levels."	( Anti-osteoporotic activity of methanolic extract of an Indian herbal formula NR/CAL/06 in ovariectomized rats. Handral, M; Hiremath, G; Nagarajappa, SH; Srikanta, P; Srinath, R; Subbanna, R; Viswanatha, GL, 2011)	1
"were treated with methanol and the generated aqueous extract was analyzed to quantified total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, radical scavenging activity against DPPH, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, and oxygen absorbance capacity."	( Antioxidant and antifungal potential of methanol extracts of Phellinus spp. from Sonora, Mexico. Ayala-Zavala, JF; Calderón-López, Y; Cruz-Valenzuela, MR; Esqueda, M; González-Aguilar, GA; Silva-Espinoza, BA; Villegas-Ochoa, MA, )	0.72
"Untreated and methanol-treated ambient air reference PM samples (SRM1649a, EHC-93) and diesel PM (SRM1650) were tested after different sonication durations (530 min)."	( Effects of sample preparation on chemistry, cytotoxicity, and inflammatory responses induced by air particulate matter. Hälinen, AI; Hirvonen, MR; Jalava, P; Salonen, RO; Sandell, E; Sillanpää, M, 2005)	0.67
"Treatment of methanol poisoning includes administration of buffer, antidote and hemodialysis. "	( Fomepizole may change indication for hemodialysis in methanol poisoning: prospective study in seven cases. Froyshov, S; Gudmundsdottir, H; Hovda, KE; Jacobsen, D; Rudberg, N, 2005)	0.95
"Treatment with methanol resulted in an increase in beta-sheet structure, an increase in crystallinity and an increase in film surface hydrophobicity determined by FTIR, X-ray and contact angle techniques, respectively."	( Silk fibroin as an organic polymer for controlled drug delivery. Foo, CT; Hofmann, S; Kaplan, DL; Meinel, L; Merkle, HP; Rossetti, F; Textor, M; Vunjak-Novakovic, G, 2006)	0.67
"The treatment of methanol intoxication usually focuses on prevention of methanol conversion to its toxic metabolites due to administration of ethanol or 4-methylpyrasole (4-MP). "	( [Effect of some ADH inhibitors on microsomal alcohol oxidizing system activity in vitro]. Dawidek-Pietryka, K; Dudka, J, 2001)	0.65
"Treatment with methanol did not adversely affect the enterotoxic activity."	( Characterization of a partially purified methanol-soluble heat-stable Escherichia coli enterotoxin in infant mice. Burgess, MN; Mullan, NA; Newsome, PM, 1978)	0.86

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" A nonprimate model of methanol-induced visual toxicity was developed using rats treated with subanesthetic concentrations of nitrous oxide to inhibit the oxidation of methanol's toxic metabolite, formic acid."	( Methanol-induced visual toxicity in the rat. Eells, JT, 1991)	2.03
" The toxic properties of methanol are rooted in the factors that govern both the conversion of methanol to formic acid and the subsequent metabolism of formate to carbon dioxide in the folate pathway."	( The toxicity of inhaled methanol vapors. Kavet, R; Nauss, KM, 1990)	0.89
" Fumonisins B1 and B2 were extracted from the CM by water, but not chloroform/methanol, and were present in the toxic diets at concentrations of 93-139 and 82-147 ppm, respectively."	( Comparative studies of hepatotoxicity and fumonisin B1 and B2 content of water and chloroform/methanol extracts of Fusarium moniliforme strain MRC 826 culture material. Bacon, CW; Norred, WP; Plattner, RD; Voss, KA, 1990)	0.73
"The aim of the present study was to compare the reliability of LD50 determination using the traditional Litchfield and Wilcoxon method with that obtained by four alternative tests requiring smaller numbers of animals, for the purpose of classifying chemicals according to their acute toxicity."	( Comparison of five methods for the determination of lethal dose in acute toxicity studies. Carvalho, RR; Cunha, FQ; Fingola, FF; Freitas, JC; Menezes, MA; Paumgartten, FJ; Presgrave, OA, 1989)	0.28
" Unlike the wood beddings, the extracts of the cellulose materials were not found to be toxic to the cells."	( Enzyme-inducing and cytotoxic effects of wood-based materials used as bedding for laboratory animals. Comparison by a cell culture study. Kärenlampi, S; Pelkonen, K; Törrönen, R, 1989)	0.28
"This report examines the safety issues related to the nutritive sweetener aspartame, including possible toxic effects of aspartame's component amino acids, aspartic acid and phenylalanine, and its major decomposition products, methanol and diketopiperazine, and the potential synergistic effect of aspartame and dietary carbohydrate on brain neurochemicals."	( Aspartame. Review of safety issues. Council on Scientific Affairs. , 1985)	0.45
" Both alcohols are metabolised via alcohol dehydrogenase to their toxic metabolites."	( Methanol and ethylene glycol poisonings. Mechanism of toxicity, clinical course, diagnosis and treatment. Jacobsen, D; McMartin, KE, )	1.57
" Also they are at risk of acute and chronic illness, including dermatitis, toxic hepatitis, peripheral neuropathy, and chronic encephalopathy as a result of their occupational exposures to such materials as styrene, resins, solvents, paints, welding fumes, and coating systems."	( Safety and health in boatbuilding and repair. Brigham, CR; Landrigan, PJ, 1985)	0.27
" The exhaust extracts from cars driven on commercially available gasoline were found to be significantly more toxic to the cellular oxygen consumption than a similar extract of exhausts from cars driven on alcohol-mixed fuels."	( A comparison of the cellular toxicity of exhausts from cars driven on present and future fuels. Bernson, V, )	0.13
"High doses of 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP) could be administered to monkeys in long- and short-term experiments without yielding any general toxicity or any toxic influence on the retinal photoreceptors, the conduction of impulses through the retina or on the activity in the inner nuclear layer detectable by recording the electroretinogram (ERG)."	( Normal electroretinogram and no toxicity signs after chronic and acute administration of the alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor 4-methylpyrazole to the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)--a possible new treatment of methanol poisoning. Blomstrand, R; Hedström, CG; Ingemansson, SO; Jensen, M, 1984)	0.45
" LD50 that would be expected from a huge increase (greater than 10-fold) in the 24-h blood plasma formate level."	( Acute toxicity of methanol in the folate-deficient acatalasemic mouse. Smith, EN; Taylor, RT, 1982)	0.6
" It was concluded that gasoline was largely responsible for the adverse effects, the most significant of which included depression in weight gain in the males, increased liver weight and hepatic microsomal enzyme activities in both sexes, and suppression of uterine eosinophilia."	( Short-term inhalation toxicity of methanol, gasoline, and methanol/gasoline in the rat. Bjarnason, S; Chu, I; Miller, RB; Poon, R; Potvin, M; Valli, VE; Vincent, R, )	0.41
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the adverse effects on the exocrine pancreas of ethanol and ethanol with congeners which coexist in alcoholic beverages most commonly consumed by the Portuguese population."	( [The effect of combined toxicity on the development of alcoholic pancreatic lesions. A long-term experimental trial]. Baptista, A; Peneda, J, 1995)	0.29
" The folate-reduced (FR) rat is an excellent animal model that mimics characteristic human methanol toxic responses."	( Role of retinal metabolism in methanol-induced retinal toxicity. Garner, CD; Lee, EW; Louis-Ferdinand, RT; Terzo, TS, 1995)	0.8
" Inhaled MeOH is developmentally toxic in both rats and mice but the mouse is more sensitive than is the rat."	( Developmental toxicity of methanol in whole embryo culture: a comparative study with mouse and rat embryos. Andrews, JE; Ebron-McCoy, M; Kavlock, RJ; Logsdon, TR; Mole, LM; Rogers, JM, 1993)	0.59
" Emergency physicians should recognize the potential for toxic transcutaneous absorption of methanol."	( Inhalational and percutaneous methanol toxicity in two firefighters. Aufderheide, TP; Brady, WJ; Stueven, HA; White, SM, 1993)	0.79
"Methanol is toxic to embryos of mice and rats when inhaled by dams at high concentrations."	( Phase-specific developmental toxicity in mice following maternal methanol inhalation. Bolon, B; Dorman, DC; Janszen, D; Morgan, KT; Welsch, F, 1993)	1.97
" Cases of the use of illicit drugs laced with various toxic agents such as cyanide and strychnine have been reported."	( Arsenic toxicity in Hawaii: a case report and review. Nakatsuka, CH; Nakawatase, TV, 1993)	0.29
"We attempted to develop a rodent model that exhibits characteristics of human methanol toxicities such as acidosis and visual dysfunction, which are correlated with an accumulation of formate, a toxic metabolite of methanol."	( Animal model for the study of methanol toxicity: comparison of folate-reduced rat responses with published monkey data. Garner, CD; Lee, EW; Terzo, TS, 1994)	0.81
" Methanol toxicity initially is not characterized by severe toxic manifestations."	( Methanol toxicity. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. , 1993)	2.64
" None of those receiving the 30- or 60-micrograms CMR dose and none of the placebo recipients experienced any adverse effects."	( Safety and immunogenicity in human volunteers of a chloroform-methanol residue vaccine for Q fever. Fries, LF; Waag, DM; Williams, JC, 1993)	0.53
"The nervous system is vulnerable to a wide range of toxic insults."	( Alcohol- and drug-related neurotoxicity. Filley, CM; Kelly, JP, 1993)	0.29
"The disposition of methanol and its putative toxic metabolite formate has been studied in humans, non-human primates, and rodents after exposure to high, neurotoxic doses."	( Recent developments in methanol toxicity. Dorman, DC; Medinsky, MA, 1995)	0.93
" The purpose of defatting and freeze-drying was to facilitate subsequent sterilisation by eliminating the barrier to diffusion of the gas into bone, to lower residual levels of ethylene oxide and its toxic by-products, to eliminate alloantigens and to make storage possible at room temperature."	( Preparation of bank bone using defatting, freeze-drying and sterilisation with ethylene oxide gas. Part 1. Experimental evaluation of its efficacy and safety. Kakiuchi, M; Nishimura, A; Ono, K; Shiokawa, H, 1996)	0.29
"Unknown and uncontrolled toxic materials in the environment of experimental animals endanger the reliability of research results."	( Cytotoxicity and biotransformation inducing activity of rodent beddings: a global survey using the Hepa-1 assay. Hänninen, OO; Pelkonen, KH, 1997)	0.3
" Based on the marked increase in urinary ascorbic acid and albumin in the high dose males and the decreased forelimb grip strength in the high dose females, we concluded that the no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of methanol/gasoline vapour is 500/30 ppm."	( Inhalation toxicity of methanol/gasoline in rats: effects of 13-week exposure. Chu, I; Park, G; Poon, R; Potvin, M; Valli, V; Viau, C; Vincent, R, )	0.63
"), there were no adverse effects on mortality, clinical signs, body weight, food or water consumption, ophthalmoscopic findings, haematology or clinical chemistry."	( Safety evaluation of a fungal pectinesterase enzyme preparation and its use in food. Budolfsen, G; Lissau, BG; Pedersen, PB; Petersen, BR, )	0.13
" The toxic syndrome in primates is characterized by formic acidemia, metabolic acidosis and blindness or serious visual impairment."	( Development and characterization of a rodent model of methanol-induced retinal and optic nerve toxicity. Eells, JT; Henry, MM; Lewandowski, MF; Murray, TG; Seme, MT, 2000)	0.56
" These data suggest that NAC and U-83836E mitigate the toxic effects of methanol on the antioxidant system of the rat brain."	( N-acetylcysteine or trolox derivative mitigate the toxic effects of methanol on the antioxidant system of rat brain. Farbiszewski, R; Skrzydlewska, E; Witek, A, 2000)	0.77
" Methyl Alcohol toxicity is time and concentration dependent, and its toxic effect is competitively inhibited with ethyl alcohol."	( Final report on the safety assessment of Methyl Alcohol. Lanigan, S, 2001)	0.31
" Results indicate that there are no detrimental toxic effects to epibiota caused by the presence of CCA preservative within the matrix of the wood at any of the treatment levels."	( Toxicity of chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood to non-target marine fouling communities in Langstone Harbour, Portsmouth, UK. Brown, CJ; Eaton, RA, 2001)	0.31
" In every bioassay, sediment from a pool of the sawmill was found to be toxic, and some adverse effects were found in other sediments as well."	( Toxicity of freshwater sediments in the vicinity of an old sawmill: application of three bioassays. Juvonen, R; Kukkonen, JV; Lyytikäinen, M; Ristola, T; Sormunen, A, 2001)	0.31
"Methanol intoxication produces toxic injury to the retina and optic nerve, resulting in blindness."	( Therapeutic photobiomodulation for methanol-induced retinal toxicity. Buchmann, EV; Eells, JT; Henry, MM; Kane, M; Summerfelt, P; Whelan, HT; Whelan, NT; Wong-Riley, MT, 2003)	2.04
"Ethanol used as an antidote is said to have various adverse effects, particularly in children."	( What are the adverse effects of ethanol used as an antidote in the treatment of suspected methanol poisoning in children? Bailey, B; Chalut, D; Gaudreault, P; Roy, M; Senécal, PE, 2003)	0.54
" None of the 22 patients with toxic levels of methanol (> or = 26."	( What are the adverse effects of ethanol used as an antidote in the treatment of suspected methanol poisoning in children? Bailey, B; Chalut, D; Gaudreault, P; Roy, M; Senécal, PE, 2003)	0.8
"The rate of clinically important adverse effects related to ethanol used as an antidote to treat methanol poisoning in children was either absent or low in a tertiary care pediatric hospital setting."	( What are the adverse effects of ethanol used as an antidote in the treatment of suspected methanol poisoning in children? Bailey, B; Chalut, D; Gaudreault, P; Roy, M; Senécal, PE, 2003)	0.76
" avara was more toxic than that of acetone and was as toxic as pure avarol, thus suggesting that the toxicity of the sponge was mainly due to this metabolite."	( Quantitative assessment of natural toxicity in sponges: toxicity bioassay versus compound quantification. Cimino, G; Fontana, A; Martí, R; Uriz, MJ, 2003)	0.32
"A dark, toxic leachate has been observed around woodpiles of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx."	( Toxicity and chemistry of aspen wood leachate to aquatic life: field study. Carmichael, NB; Taylor, BR, 2003)	0.32
" The most common adverse events were mild headache and dizziness, with no dose-related trends being apparent."	( Wood creosote, the principal active ingredient of seirogan, an herbal antidiarrheal medicine: a single-dose, dose-escalation safety and pharmacokinetic study. Kuge, T; Shibata, T; Willett, MS, 2003)	0.32
"Single oral doses of wood creosote up to 225 mg were safe and well tolerated in healthy men and women."	( Wood creosote, the principal active ingredient of seirogan, an herbal antidiarrheal medicine: a single-dose, dose-escalation safety and pharmacokinetic study. Kuge, T; Shibata, T; Willett, MS, 2003)	0.32
" This case highlights the potential toxic effects of quinine, the dangers of its bulk prescription, and the lack of strict guidelines with regard to its prescription."	( Acute confusion and blindness from quinine toxicity. Cho, M; Khuraijam, GS; Kodali, VR; Prasad, RS; Travers, JP, 2003)	0.32
"50 mg/L) were the most toxic compounds tested and were detected at concentrations of 16 and 59 microg/L, respectively, in a closed-circuit recycling paper mill."	( Bioluminescence inhibition assays for toxicity screening of wood extractives and biocides in paper mill process waters. Barceló, D; Lacorte, S; Latorre, A; Rigol, A, 2004)	0.32
" The purpose of the Center is to provide timely, unbiased, scientifically sound evaluations of human and experimental evidence for adverse effects on reproduction, including development, caused by agents to which humans may be exposed."	( NTP-CERHR expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of methanol. Donkin, S; Goldman, L; Iannucci, A; Jahnke, G; Moore, J; Portier, C; Shelby, M, 2004)	0.55
"Static renewal bioassays were conducted in the laboratory and in outdoor artificial enclosures to evaluate toxic effects of methanol to one teleost fish and two aquatic invertebrates and to limnological variables of aquatic ecosystem."	( Toxicity of methanol to fish, crustacean, oligochaete worm, and aquatic ecosystem. Bhunia, F; Kaviraj, A; Saha, NC, )	0.72
" Methanol is teratogenic in rodents and, although the exact toxic species is not known, teratogenesis may result from the enzymatic biotransformation of H3COH to formaldehyde (CH2O) and formic acid causing increased biological reactivity and toxicity."	( Glutathione depletion modulates methanol, formaldehyde and formate toxicity in cultured rat conceptuses. Dixon, M; Hansen, JM; Harris, C, 2004)	1.52
"Epidemiological and toxicological studies correlate the adverse health effects of particulate matter (PM) with the available information regarding their chemical characterization, which has focused on nonpolar organics (e."	( Toxicity of wide-range polarity fractions from wood smoke and diesel exhaust particulate obtained using hot pressurized water. Gallagher, JR; Hawthorne, SB; Kubátová, A; Picklo, MJ; Steckler, TS, 2004)	0.32
" Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis of all samples met the law requirements for safe depositing of waste into the environment."	( Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity study of waste and purified water samples from electroplating industries prepared by use of ferrous sulfate and wood fly ash. Colić, JF; Durgo, K; Horvat, T; Lulić, S; Mikelić, L; Orescanin, V, 2005)	0.33
" This study aimed to select the least toxic among the cryoprotectants dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO), propylene glycol (PG), and methanol (MET) based on their toxicological effects on Crassostrea rhizophorae gametes and trochophores."	( Selection of cryoprotectants based on their toxic effects on oyster gametes and embryos. do Espírito Santo, EM; Leite, MB; Nascimento, IA; Pereira, SA; Sampaio de Araújo, MM; Sansone, G, 2005)	0.53
" The least toxic plant extract was Bridelia micrantha (LC(50) value >9."	( In vitro cytotoxicity studies of 20 plants used in Nigerian antimalarial ethnomedicine. Abiodun, OO; Ajaiyeoba, EO; Akinboye, DO; Ashidi, JS; Falade, MO; Happi, CT; Ogbole, NO, 2006)	0.33
" The Trametes versicolor fungal treatment contributed to a less toxic effluent and improved the biodegradability."	( Fungal bio-treatment of spruce wood with Trametes versicolor for pitch control: influence on extractive contents, pulping process parameters, paper quality and effluent toxicity. Bertaud, F; Claassen, FW; Kuster, B; Lenon, G; Petit-Conil, M; Sierra-Alvarez, R; Tienvieri, T; van Beek, TA, 2007)	0.34
"Methanol is a highly toxic substance used as an industrial solvent and automotive antifreeze."	( Methanol-induced retinal toxicity patient examined by optical coherence tomography. Fujihara, M; Kikuchi, M; Kurimoto, Y, )	3.02
"Penetrating orbital foreign bodies must be removed in a safe and controlled manner."	( Use of an inferior orbitotomy for safe removal of a wooden foreign body penetrating the orbit. Bater, MC; Flood, TR; Scott, R, 2007)	0.34
" When untreated woods are exposed to aquatic media, leachates are generated with likely toxic effects on the target environment."	( Toxicity of untreated wood leachates towards two saltwater organisms (Crassostrea gigas and Artemia franciscana). Ghirardini, AV; Libralato, G; Losso, C, 2007)	0.34
" At the highest concentration of ANF, retene toxicity was eliminated, and parent retene was the predominant form in tissue; no concentration of ANF was toxic by itself."	( Inhibition of CYP1A enzymes by alpha-naphthoflavone causes both synergism and antagonism of retene toxicity to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Akhtar, P; Brown, RS; Hodson, PV; Noble, CA; Qureshi, K, 2007)	0.34
" In contrast, methanol engine exhaust failed to exhibit these adverse effects."	( Comparison of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by the extracts of methanol and gasoline engine exhausts. Che, W; Li, N; Liang, Y; Liu, F; Shu, Y; Wu, D; Wu, M; Zhang, Z, 2007)	0.93
" These results indicate that the kava extracts are toxic to mitochondria, leading to inhibition of the respiratory chain, increased ROS production, a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and eventually to apoptosis of exposed cells."	( Hepatocellular toxicity of kava leaf and root extracts. Büter, KB; Dieterle, S; Jäggi, R; Krähenbühl, S; Lüde, S; Török, M, 2008)	0.35
"A systematic biosensor is constructed for the estimation of toxic compounds based on photosynthetic activity measurement in Selenastrum capricornutum cells."	( Microalgal photosynthetic activity measurement system for rapid toxicity assessment. Cho, CW; Jeon, YC; Jung, HY; Lee, DS; Min, J; Pham, TP; Yun, YS, 2008)	0.35
" CD34 expression was markedly decreased by the toxic effects of methanol."	( Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and CD34 expression in the human optic nerve and brain in methanol toxicity. Akgöz, S; Comunoğlu, N; Eren, B; Fedakar, R; Türkmen, N, 2008)	0.8
" Therefore, the safe use of Asarum is questionable."	( Comparative study on the aristolochic acid I content of Herba Asarifor safe use. Chan, CL; Chan, HY; Jiang, ZH; Law, KW; Leung, KS; Liang, ZT; Man, TO; Sin, J; Zhao, ZZ, 2008)	0.35
" The waste solids were not acutely toxic to any of the soil organisms as tested without any dilution."	( Toxicity of pulp and paper solid organic waste constituents to soil organisms. Fraser, DS; O'Halloran, K; van den Heuvel, MR, 2009)	0.35
" Unfortunately cryoprotectants can be toxic for cells."	( Studies on cryoprotectant toxicity to early stage zebrafish (Danio rerio) ovarian follicles. Rawson, DM; Tsai, S; Zhang, T, )	0.13
" Histology of testis revealed adverse effects on the process of spermatogenesis, while the histology of epididymis, seminal vesicles and ventral prostate showed no changes compared to control."	( Safety evaluation of long term oral treatment of methanol sub-fraction of the seeds of Carica papaya as a male contraceptive in albino rats. Ansari, AS; Goyal, S; Jain, SC; Lohiya, NK; Manivannan, B, 2010)	0.62
"The long term daily oral administration of MSF affects sperm parameters without adverse side effects and is clinically safe as a male contraceptive."	( Safety evaluation of long term oral treatment of methanol sub-fraction of the seeds of Carica papaya as a male contraceptive in albino rats. Ansari, AS; Goyal, S; Jain, SC; Lohiya, NK; Manivannan, B, 2010)	0.62
"Effluents originated in cellulose pulp manufacturing processes are usually toxic and recalcitrant, specially the bleaching effluents, which exhibit high contents of aromatic compounds (e."	( Toxicity and recalcitrant compound removal from bleaching pulp plant effluents by an integrated system: anaerobic packed-bed bioreactor and ozone. Botta, CM; Chaparro, TR; Pires, EC, 2010)	0.36
" The toxic concentrations of diisopropylnaphthalenes and phthalates were compared with those actually detected in paper and board extracts showing conspicuous toxicity."	( Safety evaluation of food contact paper and board using chemical tests and in vitro bioassays: role of known and unknown substances. Andersson, MA; Bradley, EL; Castle, L; Dahbi, L; Dahlman, O; Hakulinen, P; Honkalampi-Hämäläinen, U; Hoornstra, D; Lhuguenot, JC; Mäki-Paakkanen, J; Salkinoja-Salonen, M; Severin, I; Stammati, A; Turco, L; von Wright, A; Weber, A; Zucco, F, 2010)	0.36
" While alpha-pinene and Delta(3)-carene did not induce toxic effects even at exposure concentrations of up to 1800 mg/m(3) and 600 mg/m(3), respectively, hexanal showed a cytotoxic effect at 2000 mg/m(3)."	( Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human lung epithelial A549 cells caused by airborne volatile organic compounds emitted from pine wood and oriented strand boards. Gminski, R; Mersch-Sundermann, V; Tang, T, 2010)	0.36
" pentaphylla is able to alter the toxic condition of the hepatocytes so as to protect the membrane integrity against paracetamol-induced leakage of marker enzymes."	( Hepatoprotective activity of Glycosmis pentaphylla against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice. Jain, R; Nayak, SS; Sahoo, AK, 2011)	0.37
" Demographics, disease severity, markers of disease activity before and after the combination therapy, and incidence of adverse events were evaluated."	( The safety and effectiveness of a chloroform/methanol extract of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (T2) plus methotrexate in treating rheumatoid arthritis. Li, Y; Shi, Q; Tang, FL; Zhang, FC; Zhang, W; Zhang, X; Zhao, LD, 2010)	0.62
" Most of the adverse events noted during this study were mild."	( The safety and effectiveness of a chloroform/methanol extract of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (T2) plus methotrexate in treating rheumatoid arthritis. Li, Y; Shi, Q; Tang, FL; Zhang, FC; Zhang, W; Zhang, X; Zhao, LD, 2010)	0.62
"T2 plus MTX is an effective and relatively safe treatment for RA patients."	( The safety and effectiveness of a chloroform/methanol extract of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (T2) plus methotrexate in treating rheumatoid arthritis. Li, Y; Shi, Q; Tang, FL; Zhang, FC; Zhang, W; Zhang, X; Zhao, LD, 2010)	0.62
" In a further set of microcosm tests containing leaves from intentional high-dose trees, the only significant, adverse effect detected was a reduction in microbial decomposition of leaf material, and only at the highest test concentration (∼6 mg kg(-1))."	( Environmental safety to decomposer invertebrates of azadirachtin (neem) as a systemic insecticide in trees to control emerald ash borer. Chartrand, D; Good, K; Grimalt, S; Kreutzweiser, D; Scarr, T; Thompson, D, 2011)	0.37
"In mice, single oral administrations of the methanolic extract of Pteleopsis hylodendron caused dose-dependent general behaviour adverse effects and mortality."	( Acute and sub-acute toxicity of the methanolic extract of Pteleopsis hylodendron stem bark. Biyiti, L; Etame, RM; Kuiate, JR; Mogtomo, LM; Mouokeu, RS; Nana, HM; Ndifor, F; Ngane, RA; Tamokou, JD; Zollo, PH, 2011)	0.91
" fistula methanolic seeds extract did not produce any significant toxic effect in mice."	( Acute oral toxicity of methanolic seed extract of Cassia fistula in mice. Chen, Y; Jothy, SL; Latha, LY; Lau, YL; Sasidharan, S; Zakaria, Z, 2011)	1.1
" Haemodialysis should be done in cases of severe toxicity to eliminate toxic metabolites."	( Gastrointestinal and urinary tract bleeding in methanol toxicity. Emanhadi, M; Mahdavinejad, A; Mesri, M; Mostafazadeh, B; Talaie, H, 2008)	0.6
"The current need of identification of a new acaricidal agent which is acceptable to public as environmentally safe is a daring task."	( Toxic effects of various solvents against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus. Amithamol, KK; Ghosh, S; Juliet, S; Kumar, KG; Nair, SN; Ravindran, R; Rawat, AK; Sunil, AR, 2011)	0.37
"Indian system of medicine describes the usage of certain very toxic plant based drugs after performing a detoxification process (Shodhana samskara)."	( Detoxification of Nerium indicum roots based on Indian system of medicine: phytochemical and toxicity evaluations. Banerjee, AA; Nivsarkar, MA; Pancholi, H; Rajani, M; Vasu, KK, )	0.13
"All the extracts were found to be safe up to a dose of 2000mg/kg."	( Hibiscus vitifolius (Linn.) root extracts shows potent protective action against anti-tubercular drug induced hepatotoxicity. Ariamuthu, S; Chellappan, DK; Kalusalingam, A; Mohan, S; Samuel, AJ, 2012)	0.38
" In the first experiment, only xylol was highly toxic at the concentrations tested, causing mortality above 90% for larvae of both species."	( Toxicity of solvents and surfactants to Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) (Acari: Ixodidae) and Dermacentor nitens (Neumann, 1897) (Acari: Ixodidae) larvae. Daemon, E; Ferreira Rodrigues, AF; Maturano, R; Monteiro, CM; Prata, MC; Resende, JD, 2012)	0.38
"Nest-building orangutans must daily build safe and comfortable nest structures in the forest canopy and do this quickly and effectively using the branches that surround them."	( Nest-building orangutans demonstrate engineering know-how to produce safe, comfortable beds. Coward, S; Crompton, RH; Ennos, AR; Myatt, JP; Sellers, WI; Thorpe, SK; van Casteren, A, 2012)	0.38
"Water pollution caused by toxic cyanobacteria is a problem worldwide, increasing with eutrophication."	( Biomonitoring genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of Microcystis aeruginosa (Chroococcales, cyanobacteria) using the Allium cepa test. Fiore, MF; Frescura, VD; Laughinghouse, HD; Prá, D; Rieger, A; Silva-Stenico, ME; Tedesco, SB, 2012)	0.38
" Different from toxic chloroform and hexane subextracts, hydrophilic methanol extract gave zero percent mortality up to 6400 mg/kg in 14 days."	( Evaluation of hypoglycemic activity and toxicity profiles of the leaves of Ficus deltoidea in rodents. Choo, CY; Ilyanie, Y; Wong, TW, 2011)	0.6
" Although this compound possessed AChE inhibitory activity, it was found to be toxic to the neuroblastoma cells."	( Cytotoxicity and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of an isolated crinine alkaloid from Boophane disticha (Amaryllidaceae). Adewusi, EA; Fouche, G; Steenkamp, V, 2012)	0.38
"Drug-resistance and adverse effects of current drugs are the most obstacles in the treatment of epilepsy."	( Anticonvulsant activity and toxicity of essential oil and methanolic extract of Zhumeria majdae Rech, a unique Iranian plant in mice. Abdar, M; Arab-Nozari, M; Mandegary, A; Sharififar, F, 2012)	0.62
" Using a standardized case report form, a single reviewer identified prespecified adverse events that developed after the start of ethanol therapy and classified dose adjustments during ethanol therapy as appropriate or inappropriate based on a priori criteria."	( The safety of ethanol infusions for the treatment of methanol or ethylene glycol intoxication: an observational study. Johanson, C; Kanji, S; Natarajan, S; Patel, R; Wedge, MK, 2012)	0.63
" At least one adverse event was identified in 45 (92%) cases, including 35 (71%) with agitation requiring chemical or physical restraints and 10 (20%) with a depressed level of consciousness treated with intubation."	( The safety of ethanol infusions for the treatment of methanol or ethylene glycol intoxication: an observational study. Johanson, C; Kanji, S; Natarajan, S; Patel, R; Wedge, MK, 2012)	0.63
"Based on actual practice in a large academic centre, adverse events occur frequently with intravenous ethanol infusions, and ethanol titration is inefficient."	( The safety of ethanol infusions for the treatment of methanol or ethylene glycol intoxication: an observational study. Johanson, C; Kanji, S; Natarajan, S; Patel, R; Wedge, MK, 2012)	0.63
"To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of hydroethanolic root extract of Jacaranda decurrens in rats and to determine the safe of this plant after acute exposure."	( Anti-inflammatory effects and acute toxicity of hydroethanolic extract of Jacaranda decurrens roots in adult male rats. Arena, AC; Arruda, A; Cardoso, CA; Kassuya, CA; Santos, JA; Silva, MA; Vieira, Mdo C, 2012)	0.38
" General behavior and toxic symptoms were observed for 14 days."	( Anti-inflammatory effects and acute toxicity of hydroethanolic extract of Jacaranda decurrens roots in adult male rats. Arena, AC; Arruda, A; Cardoso, CA; Kassuya, CA; Santos, JA; Silva, MA; Vieira, Mdo C, 2012)	0.38
"Arsenic is a toxic metalloid, whose toxicity has raised a lot of concern."	( Protective role of the methanolic extract of Icacina trichantha on sodium arsenite induced genotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. Akande, IS; Ebuehi, OA; Samuel, TA, )	0.44
" The crude extract was less toxic to the Vero cells (LC50=82 µg/ml) than ursolic acid (LC50=25 µg/ml)."	( Antifungal activity and cytotoxicity of isolated compounds from leaves of Breonadia salicina. Eloff, JN; Mahlo, SM; McGaw, LJ, 2013)	0.39
" The composites generally exhibit low acute toxicity, with values below the levels considered to have direct ecotoxic effect on aquatic ecosystems (<2 toxic units)."	( Ecotoxicity and fungal deterioration of recycled polypropylene/wood composites: effect of wood content and coupling. Burgstaller, C; Keledi, G; López, MJ; Moreno, J; Pukánszky, B; Suárez-Estrella, F; Sudár, A; Vargas-García, MC, 2013)	0.39
"The acute toxicity study showed that the LD50 of the extract was greater than 5000 mg/kg."	( Genotoxicity and acute and subchronic toxicity studies of a standardized methanolic extract of Ficus deltoidea leaves. Ahamed, MB; Asmawi, MZ; Farsi, E; Hor, SY; Ismail, Z; Shafaei, A; Yam, MF, 2013)	0.62
" The LD50 for the MECB was found to be more than 2000 mg/kg."	( Safety assessment of standardised methanol extract of Cinnamomum burmannii. Ahmad, M; Akowuah, GA; Ang, LF; Hashim, MA; Hor, SY; Ismail, NN; Lim, CP; Yam, MF, 2013)	0.67
" This extract was also the most toxic extract (LD50 = 5."	( Toxic rather than neuropharmacological effect of Ternstroemia sylvatica fruits and identification of 28-O-[β-l-6-rhamnopyranosyl]-R1-barrigenol as a new compound with toxic effects in mice. Alfaro-Romero, A; Balderas-López, JL; López-Villafranco, ME; Monroy, A; Navarrete, A; Rivero-Cruz, JF, 2013)	0.39
") is well tolerated when orally administered at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight but toxic at higher doses."	( Acute and sub-acute toxicity studies of the methanol extract of the leaves of Paullinia pinnata (Linn.) in Wistar albino mice and rats. Adeyemo-Salami, OA; Makinde, JM, 2013)	0.65
"This paper presents a new analytical method for the simultaneous determination of baclofen and gabapentin in feeds based on two modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) sample preparation methods and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)."	( Evaluation of two modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) sample preparation methods for the analysis of baclofen and gabapentin in feeds by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Chen, RX; Hou, XL; Lv, Y; Wu, YL; Xu, XQ; Zhu, Y, 2014)	0.4
" Carbofuran is one of the most commonly used pesticides in agriculture and said to be most toxic carbamate pesticide."	( Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabolomic approach for optimization and toxicity evaluation of earthworm sub-lethal responses to carbofuran. Ch, R; Mudiam, MK; Saxena, PN, 2013)	0.39
"Formaldehyde and methylene glycol may be used safely in cosmetics if established limits are not exceeded and are safe for use in nail hardeners in the present practices of use and concentration, which include instructions to avoid skin contact."	( Amended safety assessment of formaldehyde and methylene glycol as used in cosmetics. Andersen, FA; Belsito, DV; Bergfeld, WF; Boyer, IJ; Heldreth, B; Hill, RA; Klaassen, CD; Liebler, DC; Marks, JG; Shank, RC; Slaga, TJ; Snyder, PW, )	0.13
" In acute toxicity, single oral administration of 2000mg/kg AEL caused neither toxicological symptoms nor mortality and the LD50 was estimated >5000mg/kg."	( Safety profile and gender specific differences of a methanol extract of Eriosema laurentii (Leguminosae) in acute and subchronic (28 days) oral toxicity studies in Wistar rats. Ateba, SB; Krenn, L; Mbanya, JC; Njamen, D; Simo, RV, 2014)	0.65
"The results of the study suggest that Gouania longipetala is well tolerated in short term therapies, but may have long term toxic effects on the kidney and liver."	( Acute and sub-chronic toxicity profile of methanol leaf extract of Gouania longipetala in rats. Anaga, AO; Asuzu, IU; Ezeja, MI, 2014)	0.67
"Multiple studies show that particulate mass (PM) generated from incomplete wood combustion may induce adverse health issues in humans."	( Reference particles for toxicological studies of wood combustion: formation, characteristics, and toxicity compared to those of real wood combustion particulate mass. Hirvonen, MR; Jalava, P; Jokiniemi, J; Karhunen, T; Lähde, A; Sippula, O; Tissari, J; Torvela, T; Uski, O, 2014)	0.4
" MET was less toxic among the tested cryoprotectants and concentrations did not allow the determination of its LC50-24h."	( Toxicity of cryoprotectants agents in freshwater prawn embryos of Macrobrachium amazonicum. Barbosa, MS; Castro, EJ; de Araújo Neto, MP; de Sousa, ML; de Souza Sampaio, CM; Ferreira, AV; Filho, AA, 2015)	0.42
" This study therefore aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of the fruit extract using some biochemical and hematological parameters in rat model."	( Assessment of toxic effects of the methanol extract of Citrus macroptera Montr. Fruit via biochemical and hematological evaluation in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Alam, MR; Hasan, MM; Hasan, MR; Hossain, MM; Islam, AF; Rahman, T; Rana, MS; Uddin, N, 2014)	0.68
" The study concludes that the extract of Alchornea cordifolia leaves has toxic potential at 800 mg kg(-1) and 1600 mg kg(-1) doses, but is safe and has beneficial effects on male reproduction when used at doses equal to or lower than 400 mg kg(-1) ."	( Reproductive and toxic effects of methanol extract of Alchornea cordifolia leaf in male rats. Ajibade, TO; Olayemi, FO, 2015)	0.7
"The extracts from disposable chopsticks, toothpicks, and paper cups can affect the growth and proliferation of L-929 cells and are potentially toxic to humans."	( Toxicity of extracts from disposable chopsticks, toothpicks, and paper cups on L-929 cells. Chen, S; Li, J; Li, W; Yang, G; Zhu, W, 2015)	0.42
" HepG2 (liver cell) and MRC-5 (lung fibroblast) were used to study the toxicity of the bottom ash as the toxins in the bottom ash may enter blood circulation by drinking the contaminated water or eating the food grown in bottom ash-contaminated water/soil and the toxic compounds may be carried all over the human body including to important organs such as lung, liver, kidney, and heart."	( Co-gasification of sewage sludge and woody biomass in a fixed-bed downdraft gasifier: toxicity assessment of solid residues. Bay, BH; Dai, Y; Maneerung, T; Neoh, KG; Ng, JC; Rong, L; Tong, YW; Wang, CH, 2015)	0.42
" The WOOD extract was most toxic and the GAS extract least toxic."	( Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation and developmental toxicity in zebrafish in response to soil extracts containing unsubstituted and oxygenated PAHs. Bottai, M; Dreij, K; Jönsson, ME; Lundstedt, S; Wincent, E, 2015)	0.42
" When the pure psilocin or fungal extracts were used, slight differences in determined LD50 values were observed."	( Research on acute toxicity and the behavioral effects of methanolic extract from psilocybin mushrooms and psilocin in mice. Godovan, VV; Halama, M; Jasicka-Misiak, I; Kazakova, A; Poliwoda, A; Wieczorek, PP; Zhuk, O, 2015)	0.66
" The clinical diagnosis is made in the presence of high index of suspicion of toxic alcohol ingestion, early visual symptoms, unexplained anion gap metabolic acidosis and significant osmolar gap."	( Methyl alcohol poisoning: a manifestation of typical toxicity and outcome. Chander, S; Gupta, D; Jhobta, A; Kashyap, R; Nand, L, 2014)	0.4
" Additionally, these tree species are also effective in accumulating toxic heavy metals present in some industrial effluents."	( Estimating genetic potential of biofuel forest hardwoods to withstand metal toxicity in industrial effluent under dry tropical conditions. Abid, R; Ammar, A; Asim, A; Chattha, MB; Chattha, MU; Hussain, SB; Iqbal, MF; Irshad, A; Manzoor, SA; Mehmood, S; Mirza, SN; Nouman, W; Sarwar, N; Zafar, A; Zubair, M, 2015)	0.42
" sanctum did not induce genotoxicity and other toxic effects in acute oral toxicity study."	( Evaluation of subacute toxicity of methanolic/aqueous preparation of aerial parts of O. sanctum in Wistar rats: Clinical, haematological, biochemical and histopathological studies. Agarwal, A; Chandrasekaran, CV; Deepak, M; Raina, P; Ruchika, KG, 2015)	0.69
"Our results showed that oral administration of OSE was not toxic to male and female Wistar rats upto the highest dose tested, thereby suggesting its clinical usefulness."	( Evaluation of subacute toxicity of methanolic/aqueous preparation of aerial parts of O. sanctum in Wistar rats: Clinical, haematological, biochemical and histopathological studies. Agarwal, A; Chandrasekaran, CV; Deepak, M; Raina, P; Ruchika, KG, 2015)	0.69
" Additional research is required to establish the mechanism of this dramatic reduction in airway leukocytes and to clarify how this acute response contributes to the adverse health effects attributed to wood smoke exposure."	( Acute exposure to wood smoke from incomplete combustion--indications of cytotoxicity. Behndig, A; Bergvall, C; Blomberg, A; Boman, C; Bosson, JA; Happo, MS; Hirvonen, MR; Jalava, PI; Kelly, FJ; Muala, A; Mudway, IS; Nyström, R; Pettersson, E; Pourazar, J; Rankin, G; Sandström, T; Sehlstedt, M; Unosson, J; Uski, O; Westerholm, R, 2015)	0.42
" However, little is known about the constituents of wood smoke and biological mechanisms that are responsible for adverse health effects."	( Toxicity of wood smoke particles in human A549 lung epithelial cells: the role of PAHs, soot and zinc. Diabaté, S; Dilger, M; Orasche, J; Paur, HR; Weiss, C; Zimmermann, R, 2016)	0.43
" methanolica on high methanol media is not caused directly by methanol toxicity, but rather by formaldehyde, which is a key toxic intermediate of methanol metabolism."	( Regulation of intracellular formaldehyde toxicity during methanol metabolism of the methylotrophic yeast Pichia methanolica. Hayakawa, T; Mizumura, T; Nakagawa, T; Ozawa, S; Takeuchi, A; Tomizuka, N; Wakayama, K; Yamaguchi, S, 2016)	1.59
"Ashes derived from biomass combustion and used as soil fertilizers can generate negative environmental and human health risks, related to leaching of heavy metals and other putative toxic elements."	( Evaluation of the Biotoxicity of Tree Wood Ashes in Zebrafish Embryos. Benassi, L; Bilo, F; Bontempi, E; Consigli, V; Depero, LE; Guarienti, M; Presta, M, 2016)	0.43
"Medicinal plant preparations may contain high levels of toxic chemical constituents to potentially cause serious harm to animals and/or humans."	( Acute and subchronic toxicity studies of methanol extract of Polygonum minus leaves in Sprague Dawley rats. Asmawi, MZ; Christapher, PV; Murugaiyah, V; Parasuraman, S, 2017)	0.72
" The causative link between ambient wood particle constituents and observed adverse health effects is currently lacking."	( Wood combustion particles induce adverse effects to normal and diseased airway epithelia. Allenbach, S; Baltensperger, U; Baumlin, N; Bruns, EA; Dommen, J; Drinovec, L; Dümbgen, L; El-Haddad, I; Gavarini, I; Geiser, M; Krapf, M; Künzi, L; Močnik, G; Prévôt, ASH; Salathe, M; Sioutas, C; Slowik, JG, 2017)	0.46
" Over all the results of acute and subacute toxicity studies conclude that oral administration of TCF, TAB and 7MG were observed to be relatively non-toxic and affords practical guidance for selecting safe dose for further clinical trials."	( Safety assessment of methanolic extract of Terminalia chebula fruit, Terminalia arjuna bark and its bioactive constituent 7-methyl gallic acid: In vitro and in vivo studies. Archunan, G; Muniasamy, S; Suganthy, N, 2018)	0.8
" Rats observed for toxic signs for 14 days."	( Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of Dracaena cinnabari resin methanol extract in rats. Al-Afifi, NA; Alabsi, AM; Bakri, MM; Ramanathan, A, 2018)	0.72
"In acute oral toxicity, no treatment-related death or toxic signs were observed."	( Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of Dracaena cinnabari resin methanol extract in rats. Al-Afifi, NA; Alabsi, AM; Bakri, MM; Ramanathan, A, 2018)	0.72
" These two medicinal plants have long track records of safe human consumption."	( Repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study of a botanical composition composed of Morus alba and Acacia catechu in rats. Brownell, L; Hong, M; Jia, Q; Jiao, P; Lee, YC; Yimam, M, 2018)	0.48
" The adverse effects of the PM samples were compared between these setups."	( Differences between co-cultures and monocultures in testing the toxicity of particulate matter derived from log wood and pellet combustion. Happo, MS; Hirvonen, MR; Jalava, PI; Jokiniemi, J; Kasurinen, S; Kortelainen, M; Orasche, J; Rönkkö, TJ; Tissari, J; Zimmermann, R, 2018)	0.48
"All of the tested PM samples induce adverse effects and the chemical composition of the samples determines which pathway of toxicity is induced."	( Differences between co-cultures and monocultures in testing the toxicity of particulate matter derived from log wood and pellet combustion. Happo, MS; Hirvonen, MR; Jalava, PI; Jokiniemi, J; Kasurinen, S; Kortelainen, M; Orasche, J; Rönkkö, TJ; Tissari, J; Zimmermann, R, 2018)	0.48
" TRPV3 was expressed by several human lung epithelial cell lines, and both pine PM and pure chemical TRPV3 agonists found in WBSPM were more toxic to TRPV3-over-expressing cells via TRPV3 activation."	( Activation of TRPV3 by Wood Smoke Particles and Roles in Pneumotoxicity. Burrell, KL; Cox, JE; Deering-Rice, CE; Lu, Z; Mitchell, VK; Nguyen, N; Reilly, CA; Romero, EG; Shapiro, D; Veranth, JM, 2018)	0.48
" MESf was shown to be relatively safe with NOAEL (100 mg/kg) when administrate in mice."	( Assessment of toxicity and differential antimicrobial activity of methanol extract of rhizome of Simaba ferruginea A. St.-Hil. and its isolate canthin-6-one. Arunachalam, K; Ascêncio, SD; Balogun, SO; Colodel, EM; Filho, VC; Gazoni, VF; Lima, SR; Martins, DTO; Oliveira, DM; Soares, IM, 2018)	0.72
" The implication to the environmental risks and safe applications of carbon nanomaterials is discussed."	( Toxicity of carbon nanotubes to white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Bai, Y; Feng, S; Ma, Q; Ming, Z; Yang, H; Yang, S; Yang, ST; Yilihamu, A, 2018)	0.48
" This study aims to evaluate the toxic effect of a methanolic coal dust extract on a fish early life stage by analyzing phenotypic alterations, transcriptome changes, and mortality in zebrafish (ZF) embryos."	( Toxic effects of a methanolic coal dust extract on fish early life stage. Guerrero-Castilla, A; Jones, DA; Olivero-Verbel, J; Sandoval, IT, 2019)	1.09
" Although the bioactivity of oak polyphenols in wines has been extensively studied, no investigation exists on their toxicological properties, which limits their use as functional safe ingredients for other products."	( Investigation of the Antibacterial Activity and Subacute Toxicity of a Quercus crassifolia Polyphenolic Bark Extract for its Potential Use in Functional Foods. García-Pérez, M; García-Pérez, ME; Martínez-Flores, HE; Meléndez-Herrera, E; Valencia-Avilés, E, 2019)	0.51
" Long term usage and over-dosage of diclofenac is associated with adverse effects like drug-induced liver injury, gastrointestinal and renal toxicity."	( Protective effect of the ethanolic and methanolic leaf extracts of Madhuca longifolia against diclofenac-induced toxicity in female Wistar albino rats. Katturaja, R; Namachivayam, A; Nithyanandham, S; Parthasarathy, M; Prince, SE; Simon, JP, 2019)	0.78
" In vitro measurements also indicated that the gaseous fraction of emission aerosols may be more important in causing adverse toxicological effects."	( Influence of wood species on toxicity of log-wood stove combustion aerosols: a parallel animal and air-liquid interface cell exposure study on spruce and pine smoke. Abbaszade, G; Bauer, S; Beckers, J; Buters, J; Candeias, J; Czech, H; Di Bucchianico, S; Dilger, M; Dittmar, G; Hakkarainen, H; Happo, M; Hartikainen, A; Hirvonen, MR; Huttunen, K; Ihalainen, M; Ihantola, T; Irmler, M; Jakobi, G; Jalava, PI; Jokiniemi, J; Kanashova, T; Karg, E; Kortelainen, M; Kuuspalo, K; Lamberg, H; Leskinen, A; Martikainen, MV; Michalke, B; Oeder, S; Orasche, J; Passig, J; Rönkkö, TJ; Schnelle-Kreis, J; Sippula, O; Sklorz, M; Streibel, T; Suhonen, H; Tissari, J; Uski, O; Vartiainen, P; Weiss, C; Yli-Pirilä, P; Zimmermann, R, 2020)	0.56
" This study aims to compare the effectiveness of bio-based chemicals with potential use in wood preservation to commercially available preservatives, to investigate their fixation to wood and their ecotoxicity and to quantify the potentially toxic elements leached from the wood."	( Bio-based wood preservatives: Their efficiency, leaching and ecotoxicity compared to a commercial wood preservative. Akkanen, J; Barbero-López, A; Haapala, A; Lappalainen, R; Peräniemi, S, 2021)	0.62
" Results obtained show that no adverse effects were observed during the experimental period."	( Safety evaluation of orally-administered methanol extract of Muntingia calabura Linn. leaves: A sub-chronic toxicity study in Sprague Dawley rats. Kamsani, NE; Mohtarrudin, N; Nasir, NLM; Tohid, SFM; Zakaria, ZA, 2020)	0.82
" The fluoride in drinking water is evident to induce toxic effects including neurodegeneration, skeletal and dental fluorosis as well as organ damage."	( Toxic effects of fluoride in intestinal epithelial cells and the mitigating effect of methanol extract of coconut haustorium by enhancing de novo glutathione biosynthesis. Alfarhan, A; Job, JT; Narayanankutty, A; Rajagopal, R; Ramesh, V, 2021)	0.84
" The Ames, cytome and comet assays were used to assess its potential adverse (long-term) effects."	( Genotoxic effects of Dukhan: A smoke bath from the wood of Acacia seyal used traditionally by Sudanese women. Eldeen, IMS; Elgorashi, EE; Eloff, JN; Makhafola, TJ; Verschaeve, L, 2022)	0.72
" Aims of this multidisciplinary study are to investigate the possibility of replacing urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives in the wood industry with organic and/or inorganic-based glues to obtain a final less toxic product and to evaluate the potential toxicity of wood glued with such new adhesives."	( New formaldehyde-free adhesives for wood manufacturing: In vitro evaluation of potential toxicity of fine dust collected during wood sawing using a new experimental model to simulate occupational inhalation exposure. Cavallo, D; Ciccioli, P; Ciervo, A; Del Frate, V; Ferrante, R; Fresegna, AM; Grossi, B; Iavicoli, S; Mabilia, R; Maiello, R; Pizzo, B; Ursini, CL, 2022)	0.72
" It was found that all of the samples analysed may display an elevated level of susceptibility to the reduction processes, which undoubtedly increases the mobility of trace elements, including the toxic ones."	( Ecological Risk Assessment Related to the Presence and Toxicity of Potentially Toxic Elements in Ashes from Household Furnaces. Caba, G; Kicińska, A; Serwatka, H, 2022)	0.72
" These results conclude that MEZ was considered safe and well-tolerated in rats."	( Standardization, in-silico and in-vivo safety assessment of methanol extract of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam leaves. Chandrasekaran, B; Chidambaram, K; Kandasamy, R; Ramar, MK, 2022)	0.96
" This work considers the biochar's chemical-physical characterization and its potential phyto- and geno-toxicity, assessed with germination and Ames tests, obtaining valuable information for a safe field application."	( Building a risk matrix for the safety assessment of wood derived biochars. Caldara, M; Keller, AA; Maestri, E; Malcevschi, A; Marmiroli, M; Marmiroli, N; Pantalone, S, 2022)	0.72
" aeruginosa presented no significant toxic effect in normal human lung cells (L-132)."	( Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. exhibits cytotoxicity in A-549 and HeLa cells by inducing apoptosis through caspase-dependent pathways. Kumar, NS; Lalnunmawia, F; Lalrinzuali, K; Mathipi, V; Zohmachhuana, A, 2022)	0.72
" leptocladon have no toxic effect in Swiss albino mice up to dose of 5000 mg/kg."	( Toxicity Study and Antibacterial Effects of the Leaves Extracts of Desalegn, A; Eyado, A; Mekonnen, Y; Tseha, ST; Wondafarsh, M, 2022)	0.72
" However, some Trichoderma species may produce toxic secondary metabolites and it should receive due attention to ensure human safety."	( Antifungal compounds, GC-MS analysis and toxicity assessment of methanolic extracts of Trichoderma species in an animal model. Alemu, T; Megersa, N; Mulatu, A; Tolcha, T; Vetukuri, RR, 2022)	0.96
" tuberculata at the doses of (1 ml/kg, 2 ml/kg and 3 ml/kg body weight) were significantly lower when compared to toxic control mice group (P<0."	( Hepatoprotective effects of walnut oil and Caralluma tuberculata against paracetamol in experimentally induced liver toxicity in mice. Alharbi, M; Ali, W; Alshammari, A; Aziz, T; Iqbal, Z; Jamil, S; Khan, AA; Khan, FF; Shahzad, M; Ur Rahman, S; Zahid, M, 2022)	0.72
"Methanol toxicity is an important cause of toxic alcohol exposure resulting in morbidity and mortality in both adult and pediatric populations."	( Methanol toxicity in a pediatric patient treated with fomepizole and hemodialysis. Maliakkal, J; McEnery, B; Scalzo, A, 2023)	3.8
" Key Words: Methanol, Toxic encephalopathy, Magnetic resonance imaging, Cerebral haemorrhage."	( Importance of Susceptibility-weighted-imaging in Methanol Toxicity. Alkan, A; Altintas, F; Cesme, DH; Kaya, A, 2022)	1.35
"Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anti-neoplastic therapy, but its use is limited by its deleterious toxic effects including nephrotoxicity and cardiotoxicity."	( Ceratonia siliqua pods (Carob) methanol extract alleviates doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic pathways in rats. Atta, AH; Atta, SA; El-Aziz, THA; Emam, SR; Ibrahim, MA; Khattab, MS; Mouneir, SM; Nasr, SM, 2023)	1.2
"Exposure to wood smoke has been shown to contribute to adverse respiratory health effects including airway infections, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear."	( Reduced bronchoalveolar macrophage phagocytosis and cytotoxic effects after controlled short-term exposure to wood smoke in healthy humans. Behndig, A; Boman, C; Friberg, M; García-López, N; Hansson, A; Lindgren, R; Muala, A; Pourazar, J; Rankin, G; Sandström, T; Uski, O, 2023)	0.91
" Safe hydraulic traits, on the other hand, were related to demography but did not affect species abundance and communities."	( Upscaling the effect of traits in response to drought: The relative importance of safety-efficiency and acquisitive-conservation functional axes. Avella, A; Castaño-Naranjo, A; Cuadros, H; Franke-Ante, R; García, H; Garzón, F; González-M, R; Idárraga-Piedrahita, Á; Jurado, R; López-Camacho, R; Medina, SP; Nieto, J; Norden, N; Pizano, C; Rodríguez-M, GM; Salgado-Negret, B; Salinas, V; Torres, AM; Umaña, MN, 2023)	0.91
" However, the basis of these toxic substances and the mechanism of neurotoxicity remain unclear."	( Neurotoxicity study of ethyl acetate extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. on SH-SY5Y based on ROS mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Chen, Y; Guo, J; Hu, T; Huang, Y; Qiuyan, L; Rao, C; Wen, J; Xiang, Q; Yang, N; Zhang, J, 2024)	1.44
"To evaluate the effects of ZADC on nerve cells and their damage mechanisms and discuss the possible toxic substance basis."	( Neurotoxicity study of ethyl acetate extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. on SH-SY5Y based on ROS mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Chen, Y; Guo, J; Hu, T; Huang, Y; Qiuyan, L; Rao, C; Wen, J; Xiang, Q; Yang, N; Zhang, J, 2024)	1.44
"Mercury (Hg) is a very toxic decomposition-resistant metal that can cause plant toxicity through bioaccumulation and oxidative damage."	( Potential role of apple wood biochar in mitigating mercury toxicity in corn (Zea mays L.). Abbasi, Q; Pourakbar, L; Siavash Moghaddam, S, 2023)	0.91
" The adverse events limit the use of hand sanitizers specifically in children because of their sensitive and delicate skin."	( Toxicity of chemical-based hand sanitizers on children and the development of natural alternatives: a computational approach. Mishra, T; Vuppu, S, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Two patients with extremely high blood methanol concentrations (260 and 282 mg/dl) were successfully treated using pharmacokinetic dosing of ethanol, hemodialysis and supportive measures."	( Severe methanol poisoning. Application of a pharmacokinetic model for ethanol therapy and hemodialysis. Cipolle, RJ; Ehlers, SM; McCoy, HG; Sawchuk, RJ; Zaske, DE, 1979)	0.98
" A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was developed to simulate the in vivo data."	( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for methanol in rats, monkeys, and humans. Higuchi, MA; Horton, VL; Rickert, DE, 1992)	0.54
"Wood creosote, principally a mixture of non-, alkyl- and/or alkoxy-substituted phenolic compounds, was orally administered to adult male volunteers to determine its metabolites and pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Pharmacokinetics of wood creosote: glucuronic acid and sulfate conjugation of phenolic compounds. Matsushima, N; Ogata, N; Shibata, T, 1995)	0.29
" Michaelis-Menten elimination parameters (Vmax = 115 mg/L/hr; Km = 460 mg/L) were selected for input into a semi-physiologic pharmacokinetic model."	( A pharmacokinetic model of inhaled methanol in humans and comparison to methanol disposition in mice and rats. Perkins, RA; Pollack, GM; Ward, KW, )	0.41
" The objective of the present study was to use gas uptake data and the development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK) to determine in vivo changes in CCl4 metabolism resulting from MeOH pretreatment."	( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic estimated metabolic constants and hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride after methanol pretreatment in rats. Evans, MV; Simmons, JE, 1996)	0.5
" Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling has been applied successfully to single chemicals; its utility for extrapolation across species and dose has been demonstrated."	( Application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling to combination toxicology. Simmons, JE, )	0.13
" Monkeys were then reexposed to the highest exposure concentration, 900 ppm 14C-methanol, for a similar 2-hour period, and again the pharmacokinetic data described above were obtained."	( Pharmacokinetics of methanol and formate in female cynomolgus monkeys exposed to methanol vapors. Bond, JA; Dorman, DC; Everitt, JI; Janszen, DB; Medinsky, MA; Moss, OR, 1997)	0.85
"Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have been developed in recent years to describe the disposition of xenobiotics during gestation."	( Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to describe the disposition of methanol in pregnant rats and mice. Blumenthal, GM; Pollack, GM; Ward, KW; Welsch, F, 1997)	0.52
" The method is simple, rapid, and applicable to pharmacokinetic studies of zolpidem after administering two intravenous bolus doses (1 and 4 mg/kg) in rats."	( Determination of zolpidem in serum microsamples by high-performance liquid chromatography and its application to pharmacokinetics in rats. Lau, CE; Sun, L; Wang, Q, 1999)	0.3
" The mean peak concentration observed in the 4 adult patients was 18."	( Plasma and tissue determination of 4-methylpyrazole for pharmacokinetic analysis in acute adult and pediatric methanol/ethylene glycol poisoning. Detaille, T; Di Fazio, V; Hantson, P; Haufroid, V; König, J; Vanbinst, R; Wallemacq, PE, 2004)	0.54
" The linear ranges correspond well with the serum concentrations of the analytes obtained in clinical pharmacokinetic studies."	( High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of ramipril and its active metabolite ramiprilat in human serum: application to a pharmacokinetic study in the Chinese volunteers. Liu, J; Lu, XY; Shen-Tu, JZ, 2006)	0.33
"Breviscapine has short half-life after intravenous administration to dogs and rabbits,which show breviscapine is eliminated rapidly and has short action time."	( [Pharmacokinetics of breviscapine in dogs and rabbits following single intravenous administration]. Liu, Q; Luo, G; Ma, Y; Wang, Y; Zhang, R, 2005)	0.33
" The method was developed and validated for purposes of its application to a pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers after an oral dose of 50mg/tablet under fasting conditions."	( Simultaneous determination of sildenafil and N-desmethyl sildenafil in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography method using electrochemical detection with application to a pharmacokinetic study. Aburuz, S; Al-Ghazawi, M; Tutunji, M, 2007)	0.34
" This method has been used in a pharmacokinetic study of aildenafil in healthy male volunteers each given an oral administration of one of the three dosages."	( Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay to determine the pharmacokinetics of aildenafil in human plasma. Cui, Y; Gu, J; Jiang, Y; Wang, J; Wang, Y; Zhao, X, 2007)	0.34
" After intravenous administration of HLF to rats over the doses range of 10-40 mg/kg, the plasma concentration--time curves of VGL and VRH were both conformed to the three-compartment open pharmacokinetic model and linear pharmacokinetic characteristics."	( Simultaneous determination of vitexin-4''-O-glucoside and vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside from Hawthorn leaves flavonoids in rat plasma by HPLC method and its application to pharmacokinetic studies. Chen, Z; Jiang, XH; Li, CR; Liu, TM; Ma, G; Ren, J, 2007)	0.34
" The method was successfully applied for pharmacokinetic study of aceclofenac in rats."	( High-performance liquid chromatography and pharmacokinetics of aceclofenac in rats. Musmade, P; Srinivasan, KK; Subramanian, G, 2007)	0.34
" The method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of harpagoside and cinnamic acid following oral administration of Radix Scrophulariae extract to rats."	( Simultaneous determination of harpagoside and cinnamic acid in rat plasma by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and its application to pharmacokinetic studies. Ruan, JX; Wang, SJ; Zhang, ZQ; Zhao, YH, 2008)	0.35
" The method was successfully applied to a preclinical pharmacokinetic study of yonkenafil in rat after sublingual, oral and intravenous administration."	( A rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS assay to quantify yonkenafil in rat plasma with application to preclinical pharmacokinetics studies. Fawcett, JP; Gu, J; Jiang, Y; Kong, J; Tang, Y; Teng, G; Wang, J; Wang, Y, 2008)	0.35
" The method has been successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of rupatadine and its major metabolite after oral administration of 10, 20 and 40mg rupatadine tablets to healthy Chinese volunteers."	( Simultaneous determination of rupatadine and its metabolite desloratadine in human plasma by a sensitive LC-MS/MS method: application to the pharmacokinetic study in healthy Chinese volunteers. Fan, G; Hong, Z; Wei, H; Wen, J; Wu, Y, 2009)	0.35
" The validated method was successfully applied to determine the plasma concentrations of artemether and lumefantrine in healthy volunteers, in a one-dose pharmacokinetic study, over the course of 11 days."	( Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous quantitation of artemether and lumefantrine in human plasma: application for a pharmacokinetic study. Bellorio, KB; César, IC; Chellini, PR; de Abreu, FC; Moreira, JM; Pianetti, GA; Ribeiro, JA; Teixeira, Lde S, 2011)	0.37
" The validated method was successfully applied to a preclinical pharmacokinetic study of oxaceprol in rats."	( Determination of oxaceprol in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application in a pharmacokinetic study. Chen, N; Ding, G; Gu, J; Zhang, Z, 2011)	0.37
" The validated method was applied to the pharmacokinetic study of periplocin in rat plasma after intravenous and intramuscular administration."	( Determination and pharmacokinetics of periplocin in rat plasma by LC-MS. Bi, K; Che, S; Chen, X; Liu, W; Lu, D; Yi, L; Zhang, Q, 2010)	0.36
" The validated method was successfully applied to a pre-clinical pharmacokinetic study of the cardioactive prototype LASSBio-294 in beagles after oral administration."	( Determination of the cardioactive prototype LASSBio-294 and its metabolites in dog plasma by LC-MS/MS: application for a pharmacokinetic study. Alves, RO; Barreiro, EJ; Braga, RC; de Oliveira, V; Fraga, CA; Persiano, CB; Tôrres, AC, 2011)	0.37
" This method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of chamaechromone in rats after intravenous (5mg/kg) and oral (100mg/kg) administration."	( Determination of chamaechromone in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: application to pharmacokinetic study. Hu, H; Jiang, H; Li, L; Liu, Y; Lou, Y; Ping, L; Yu, L; Yu, Q; Zeng, S, 2011)	0.37
" The method described above was successfully applied to reveal the single- and multi-pharmacokinetic profiles of SKLB010 in beagle dogs and should be extendable to pharmacokinetic studies in other species as well."	( Development and validation of a UPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of SKLB010, an investigational anti-inflammatory compound, and its application to pharmacokinetic studies in beagle dogs. Chen, L; Chen, X; Duan, X; Hu, J; Liu, J; Ma, L; Tang, M; Wang, X; Ye, X; Zheng, H, 2011)	0.37
" This method has been successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of compound ipratropium bromide aerosol mainly containing ipratropium bromide (IB) and salbutamol sulphate (SS) after inhalation in rats."	( Simultaneous determination of ipratropium and salbutamol in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Ding, C; Ge, Q; Li, Z; Wu, J; Zhi, X; Zhou, Z, 2011)	0.37
" This fully validated method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study of atractylenolide I in rats administered with 20 g/kg Atractylodis extract."	( Quantitative analysis of atractylenolide I in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS method and its application to pharmacokinetic study. Chen, B; Li, Y; Tian, Y; Wang, Z; Zhang, Y; Zhu, J, 2012)	0.38
" This simple LC-MS method was successfully applied in a pharmacokinetic study carried out in Sprague-Dawley rats after oral administration of aucubin at a single dose of 50 mg/kg."	( A rapid and sensitive determination of aucubin in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its pharmacokinetic application. Deng, Z; Guo, H; Ling, P; Xu, W, 2012)	0.38
" The method proved to be applicable to the pharmacokinetic study of B9M in rat after intravenous and subcutaneous administration."	( Determination of Bis(9)-(-)-Meptazinol, a bis-ligand for Alzheimer's disease, in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: application to pharmacokinetics study. Chen, HZ; Ge, XX; Jiang, P; Jiang, T; Qiu, ZB; Rong, ZX; Wang, H; Wang, XL; Xie, Q; Xie, Y; Zhang, QZ, 2012)	0.38
" The applicability of this method for pharmacokinetic studies has been established after successful application during a 12-subject bioavailabity study."	( A high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of mefenamic acid in human plasma: application to pharmacokinetic study. Bhavsar, R; Dhaneshwar, S; Mahadik, M, 2012)	0.38
"To investigate the pharmacokinetic effect of Sappan Lignum on hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) in Carthami Flos."	( [Pharmacokinetic effect of Sappan Lignum on hydroxysafflor yellow A in Carthami Flos]. Chen, XM; Liu, QS; Peng, LR; Wang, SX; Wang, XW; Xia, L; Zhang, P; Zheng, XH; Zuo, Y, 2013)	0.39
"In vivo pharmacokinetic models of HSYA were two-compartment open models in both of the Carthami Flos group and the Carthami Flos combined with Sappan Lignum group."	( [Pharmacokinetic effect of Sappan Lignum on hydroxysafflor yellow A in Carthami Flos]. Chen, XM; Liu, QS; Peng, LR; Wang, SX; Wang, XW; Xia, L; Zhang, P; Zheng, XH; Zuo, Y, 2013)	0.39
" The method is suitable for pharmacokinetic (PK) studies of the parent drug NL-1 based on the preliminary serum results from dosed NL-1 mouse studies."	( A quantitative LC-MS/MS method for determination of thiazolidinedione mitoNEET ligand NL-1 in mouse serum suitable for pharmacokinetic studies. Anderson, DJ; Carroll, RT; Geldenhuys, WJ; Jogiraju, H; Lin, L; Pedada, KK; Zhou, X, 2014)	0.4
" This on-line RAM-HPLC method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of RIP in rat plasma."	( Determination of rifampicin in rat plasma by modified large-volume direct injection RAM-HPLC and its application to a pharmcokinetic study. Jia, Z; Li, W; Wang, R; Wang, Y; Xie, H; Zhang, J; Zhang, X, 2015)	0.42
" The method was successfully applied to a clinical pharmacokinetic study of febuxostat in humans after oral administration of a single dose of febuxostat at 40, 80 and 120 mg."	( Simultaneous determination of febuxostat and its three active metabolites in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in Chinese healthy volunteers. Di, X; Liu, Y; Mao, Z; Wang, X; Wu, Y, 2015)	0.42
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined in six children who received intravenous treosulfan (dose range 12-24 g/m(2)) in combination with fludarabine prior to blood or marrow transplantation."	( Development and Validation of a High Pressure Liquid Chromatography-UV Method for the Determination of Treosulfan and Its Epoxy Metabolites in Human Plasma and Its Application in Pharmacokinetic Studies. Byrne, JA; Earl, JW; Fraser, CJ; Koyyalamudi, SR; Kuzhiumparambil, U; Nath, CE; O'Brien, TA; Shaw, PJ, 2016)	0.43
" This analytical method was then successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of Gly-MCA following oral administration and intraperitoneal injection in mice."	( An HPLC-MS/MS method for quantitation of Gly-MCA in mouse plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetic study. Jiang, C; Lian, G; Liu, J; Ma, Y; Wang, T; Yin, Y; Zhou, J, 2017)	0.46
" To further understand the absorption, distribution, and metabolism of this drug alone and in combination with esomeprazole, we will analyze the pharmacokinetic parameters of naproxen and its major metabolite, 6-O-desmethylnaproxen, in saliva samples."	( Simultaneous separation of naproxen and 6-O-desmethylnaproxen metabolite in saliva samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: Pharmacokinetic study of naproxen alone and associated with esomeprazole. Calvo, AM; Dionísio, TJ; Faria, FC; Morettin, M; Oliveira, GM; Santos, CF, 2020)	0.56
" The alterations in pharmacokinetic parameters (maximum serum concentration, area under the curve, clearance) of AEDs were also found with co-administration of HECA."	( Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Centella asiatica with valproate and phenytoin in experimental models of epilepsy in rats. Agarwal, A; Arora, R; Ganeshan N, S; Gupta, YK; Kaleekal, T; Kumar, R; Sarangi, SC, 2021)	0.62
" But, alteration in pharmacokinetic parameters revel that needs critical medical supervision to avoid any toxic reactions."	( Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Centella asiatica with valproate and phenytoin in experimental models of epilepsy in rats. Agarwal, A; Arora, R; Ganeshan N, S; Gupta, YK; Kaleekal, T; Kumar, R; Sarangi, SC, 2021)	0.62
" Then, the established method was used for determining the pharmacokinetic profile of Paxlovid in healthy Chinese volunteers."	( Simultaneous determination of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir in human plasma using LC-MS/MS and its pharmacokinetic application in healthy Chinese volunteers. Boucetta, H; Cao, L; Hang, T; Liu, C; Lu, Y; Song, M; Zhu, M, 2022)	0.72
" The purpose of this study is to develop a sensitive LC-MS/MS method to simultaneously quantify MMF, MPA, and two major metabolites, mycophenolic acid-glucuronide (MPAG) and Acyl-mycophenolic acid-glucuronide (AcMPAG) and applied this method in a pharmacokinetic (PK) and tissue distribution study."	( Development of a novel UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of mycophenolic mofetil, mycophenolic acid, and its major metabolites: Application to pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution study in rats. Abasifreke, B; Du, T; Etim, I; Gao, S; Kuddabujja, D; Liang, D; Sun, R, 2023)	0.91
" This study aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics, reveal the metabolic dynamic changes, and obtain the basic pharmacokinetic parameters of 16 main bioactive compounds after intragastric administration of JHGs in control and pulmonary fibrosis (PF) model rats by using Orbitrap Fusion MS."	( A Pharmacokinetic Study of Sixteen Major Bioactive Components of Jinshui-Huanxian Granules in Pulmonary Fibrosis Model and Control Rats Using Orbitrap Fusion Mass Spectrometry. Feng, S; Li, B; Li, J; Sun, S; Tian, Y; Wan, Y; Xie, Y; Zhang, W; Zhao, D, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Sulfuric acid hydrolysis according to the Saeman procedure, TFA hydrolysis, and methanolysis combined with TFA hydrolysis were compared for the hydrolysis of water-soluble uronic acid-containing polysaccharides originating from fungi, plants, and animals."	( Carbohydrate analysis of water-soluble uronic acid-containing polysaccharides with high-performance anion-exchange chromatography using methanolysis combined with TFA hydrolysis is superior to four other methods. De Ruiter, GA; Rombouts, FM; Schols, HA; Voragen, AG, 1992)	0.71
"Chemical modification of rubber wood (Hevea Brasiliensis) was carried out by impregnating the wood with styrene and in combination with a crosslinker Glycidyl Methacrylate (GMA)."	( Chemical modification of rubber wood with styrene in combination with a crosslinker: effect on dimensional stability and strength property. Ali, I; Devi, RR; Maji, TK, 2003)	0.32
"In this paper, a simple flow-injection chemiluminescence (CL) system combined with on-line solid-phase extraction is presented to determine phenol."	( Determination of phenol at ng l-1 level by flow-injection chemiluminescence combined with on-line solid-phase extraction. Li, B; Lv, J; Qi, H, 2007)	0.34
" Therefore, DLLME combined with GF AAS is a very simple, rapid and sensitive method, which requires low volume of sample (5."	( Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry: ultra trace determination of cadmium in water samples. Assadi, Y; Bidari, A; Jamali, MR; Milani Hosseini, MR; Zeini Jahromi, E, 2007)	0.34
" In this work, mild enzymatic hydrolysis has been introduced and combined with mechanical shearing and a high-pressure homogenization, leading to a controlled fibrillation down to nanoscale and a network of long and highly entangled cellulose I elements."	( Enzymatic hydrolysis combined with mechanical shearing and high-pressure homogenization for nanoscale cellulose fibrils and strong gels. Ahola, S; Ankerfors, M; Ikkala, O; Kosonen, H; Laine, J; Larsson, PT; Lindström, T; Nykänen, A; Osterberg, M; Pääkkö, M; Ruokolainen, J, 2007)	0.34
"A simple method for the analysis of major wine volatiles and semivolatiles by stir bar sorptive extraction in combination with thermal desorption and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SBSE-TD-GC-MS) was developed."	( Stir bar sorptive extraction combined with GC-MS analysis and chemometric methods for the classification of South African Wines according to the volatile composition. Crouch, A; de Villiers, A; Lynen, F; Májek, P; Sandra, P; Tredoux, A, 2008)	0.35
"A simple, sensitive method for the speciation of inorganic antimony by cloud point extraction combined with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) is presented and evaluated."	( Cloud point extraction combined with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry for the speciation of antimony(III) and antimony(V) in food packaging materials. Jiang, X; Wen, S; Xiang, G, 2010)	0.36
" FT-IR combined with multivariate analysis has been used to classify vinegars according to the raw materials and production processes (with or without ageing in wood)."	( A new FT-IR method combined with multivariate analysis for the classification of vinegars from different raw materials and production processes. Barroso, CG; Guerrero, ED; Lovillo, MP; Marín, RN; Mejías, RC, 2010)	0.36
"The discriminative ability combined with other advantages (e."	( A new FT-IR method combined with multivariate analysis for the classification of vinegars from different raw materials and production processes. Barroso, CG; Guerrero, ED; Lovillo, MP; Marín, RN; Mejías, RC, 2010)	0.36
" In this study, we examined gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry combined with headspace solid-phase microextraction to measure the carbon isotope ratios of methanol and acetaldehyde in air samples."	( Determination of carbon isotope ratios of methanol and acetaldehyde in air samples by gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry combined with headspace solid-phase microextraction. Hattori, R; Ito, Y; Shibata, H; Yamada, K; Yoshida, N, 2010)	0.82
" A broad spectrum of toxic organics in water was efficiently destroyed in the presence of dioxygen in combination with hydrazine hydrate at 150 °C."	( Dioxygen in combination with hydrazine: a practical system for degradation of a broad spectrum of toxic organics in water. Chu, C; Liang, X; Liao, N; Liu, R; Liu, Y; Lu, Q; Shen, J; Tao, J, 2011)	0.37
"To develop a rapid and efficient method of rapid resolution liquid chromatography (RRLC) combined with chemometrics for discriminating sulphur-fumigated Baizhi and controlling its quality."	( Development of a rapid resolution liquid chromatographic method combined with chemometrics for quality control of Angelicae dahuricae radix. Deng, R; Fan, G; Kuang, T; Lai, X; Meng, X; Zhang, J; Zhang, Y; Zhou, L, )	0.13
"This study revealed that sulphur-fumigation is an inappropriate approach for processing crude drugs and should be prohibited, and that the proposed RRLC method combined with chemometrics demonstrated an efficient strategy for quality control of Baizhi."	( Development of a rapid resolution liquid chromatographic method combined with chemometrics for quality control of Angelicae dahuricae radix. Deng, R; Fan, G; Kuang, T; Lai, X; Meng, X; Zhang, J; Zhang, Y; Zhou, L, )	0.13
" The antiproliferative activity of plant extracts alone or in combination with the Pd(apox) complex was determined using MTT cell viability assay, where the IC(50) value was used as a parameter of cytotoxicity."	( Antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities of methanolic extracts from Ligustrum vulgare L. as an individual treatment and in combination with palladium complex. Banković, DD; Ćurčić, MG; Cvetković, DM; Marković, SD; Matović, ZD; Mrkalić, EM; Stanković, MS; Đačić, DS, 2012)	0.63
" We have implemented a basin hopping search algorithm combined with density functional theory to enable the optimization of molecular clusters without the need for empirical force fields."	( Structural optimization of molecular clusters with density functional theory combined with basin hopping. Besley, NA; Do, H, 2012)	0.38
" schidigera (YE) alone and in combination with MON were assessed on ruminal microbial composition and fermentation in vitro of a barley-based diet."	( Effects of extracts of Humulus lupulus (hops) and Yucca schidigera applied alone or in combination with monensin on rumen fermentation and microbial populations in vitro. McAllister, T; Narvaez, N; Wang, Y, 2013)	0.39
"001) with addition of MON (10 µg mL(-1)) and combined with HE or YE."	( Effects of extracts of Humulus lupulus (hops) and Yucca schidigera applied alone or in combination with monensin on rumen fermentation and microbial populations in vitro. McAllister, T; Narvaez, N; Wang, Y, 2013)	0.39
" This study is aimed to use gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with chemometric methods to create reliable criteria for accurate identification of natural agarwood and artificial agarwood, as well as for quality evaluation of artificial agarwood."	( Chromatographic fingerprint analysis of metabolites in natural and artificial agarwood using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with chemometric methods. Chen, X; Gao, X; Guo, X; Liu, S; Wang, L; Xie, M; Zhang, W; Zhong, Z, 2014)	0.4
"A novel method, solid-phase extraction combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (SPE-DLLME), was developed for ultra-preconcentration of 10 antibiotics in different environmental water samples prior to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry detection."	( Solid-phase extraction in combination with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis: the ultra-trace determination of 10 antibiotics in water samples. Hou, X; Huang, P; Li, Z; Liang, N; Tao, L; Zhao, L, 2016)	0.43
"A method based on the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) purification combined with ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), was optimized for the simultaneous quantification of 25 mycotoxins in cereals."	( QuEChERS Purification Combined with Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Simultaneous Quantification of 25 Mycotoxins in Cereals. Hu, X; Li, W; Sun, J; Wang, B; Wu, L; Zhang, Y, 2016)	0.43
"In situ stabilization of Cd, Pb, and Zn in an Austrian agricultural soil contaminated by atmospheric depositions from a smelter plant was assessed with a pine bark chip-derived biochar, alone and in combination with either compost or iron grit."	( Wood-derived-biochar combined with compost or iron grit for in situ stabilization of Cd, Pb, and Zn in a contaminated soil. Friesl-Hanl, W; Marchand, L; Mench, M; Oustriere, N; Rosette, G, 2017)	0.46
" In this study, atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis, in combination with adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE), is used to generate a mutant with high methanol tolerance (referred to as CLY-2533)."	( Breeding of Methanol-Tolerant Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 by Atmospheric and Room Temperature Plasma Mutagenesis Combined With Adaptive Laboratory Evolution. Cui, LY; Guan, CG; Liang, WF; Wang, SS; Xing, XH; Xue, ZL; Zhang, C, 2018)	1.05
"A dispersive micro solid-phase extraction (DMSPE) technique was developed using manganese-oxide nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon (Mn3O4-NPs-AC) as an effective sorbent combined with ultrasound for the extraction and determination of a trace amount of thymol and carvacrol in methanolic extracts of Thymus daenensis, Salvia officinalis, Stachys pilifera, Satureja khuzistanica and mentha, and water samples."	( Ultrasound combined with manganese-oxide nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon for extraction and pre-concentration of thymol and carvacrol in methanolic extracts of Thymus daenensis, Salvia officinalis, Stachys pilifera, Satureja khuzistanica, and men Asfaram, A; Goudarzi, A; Panahi Kokhdan, E; Sadeghi, H; Salehpour, Z, 2019)	0.89
" High-throughput sequencing technique and six treatments were carried out: T2, T3 and T6 were single apply of bacteria culture (C), 12%wood biochar (12%WB) and 12%wheat straw biochar (12%WSB), respectively, while T4 and T5 were bacterial consortium combined with 12%WB and 12%WSB respectively, and T1 was used as control."	( Positive impact of biochar alone and combined with bacterial consortium amendment on improvement of bacterial community during cow manure composting. Awasthi, MK; Awasthi, SK; Chen, H; Duan, Y; Liu, T; Ren, X; Verma, S; Wang, Q; Zhang, Z, 2019)	0.51
"A rapid and accurate method for the sensitive detection of illegal drug additives including atenolol (ATN), metformin hydrochloride (MET), and phenformin hydrochloride (PHE) in health products using solvent microextraction (SME) combined with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was developed."	( Highly sensitive detection of an antidiabetic drug as illegal additives in health products using solvent microextraction combined with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. He, H; Li, P; Lin, D; Yang, L, 2019)	0.51
"This study evaluated the effect of wood extracts from Tectona grandis, Dalbergia sissoo, Cedrus deodara, and Pinus roxburghii combined with linseed oil as protectants of two non-durable wood species against the termite, Heterotermes indicola."	( Synergistic effect of heartwood extracts in combination with linseed oil as wood preservatives against subterranean termite Heterotermes indicola (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae). Ahmed, S; Hassan, B; Kirker, G; Mankowski, ME; Misbah Ul Haq, M, 2020)	0.56
"Biochar (BC) combined with humic acid (HA) and wood vinegar (WV) was designed and prepared as an inexpensive, effective, and environmentally friendly immobilization material (BHW) for metal-polluted soil."	( Immobilization properties and adsorption mechanism of nickel(II) in soil by biochar combined with humic acid-wood vinegar. Gao, W; Ge, L; Niu, Y; Zhang, G; Zhao, W; Zhu, J, 2021)	0.62
" The E-tongue combined with E-nose can effectively distinguish the difference in the flavor of bacon smoked with different woodchip types by the signal intensities."	( Evaluation of flavor characteristics of bacon smoked with different woodchips by HS-SPME-GC-MS combined with an electronic tongue and electronic nose. Chen, Q; Du, H; Kong, B; Liu, Q; Wang, Y, 2021)	0.62
"In this article, molecular dynamics simulations were used to examine the feasibility of capacitive deionization (CDI) system combined with a functionalized nanoporous graphene (NPG) membrane for removing methanol from water."	( Removal of methanol from water by capacitive deionization system combined with functional nanoporous graphene membrane. Guo, X; Han, Y; Jiao, T; Zhao, J, 2023)	1.49
" Lactuca methanolic extract in combination with two different antibiotics (gentamicin and chloramphenicol)."	( Synergistic antibacterial effects of Ulva lactuca methanolic extract alone and in combination with different antibiotics on multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate. El-Sayed, AIM; El-Sheekh, MM; Makhlof, MEM, 2023)	1.58
" In this study, a classification strategy based on three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was proposed for oak-barrel and stainless steel tanks with oak chips aged wines."	( Identification of Oak-Barrel and Stainless Steel Tanks with Oak Chips Aged Wines in Ningxia Based on Three-Dimensional Fluorescence Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometrics. Jiang, Y; Lv, Y; Ma, FL; Ma, GM; Ma, XL; Ma, XM; Tang, LH; Wang, JN; Wang, WX; Yu, YJ; Zhang, Y, 2023)	0.91
" Long wavelength shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS) at 830 nm excitation combined with wide-area illumination and sample rotation is presented as a suitable approach for the investigation of selected wood species."	( Shifted Excitation Raman Difference Spectroscopy Combined with Wide Area Illumination and Sample Rotation for Wood Species Classification. Matousek, P; Sowoidnich, K; Towrie, M, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Rapid blood mefloquine level monitoring by this electrode was demonstrated in a bioavailability study."	( Analysis of hydrophobic amine antimalarials in biological fluids with the plastic ion-selective electrode. Higuchi, T; Mendenhall, DW; Sternson, LA, 1979)	0.26
"0 M, glycerin and propylene glycol increase significantly the intestinal absorption rate of theophylline from the small intestine of anesthetized rats."	( Effect of various alcohols on intestinal net water flux and theophylline absorption in rats. Houston, JB; Levy, G, 1975)	0.25
" When the chromatographic partition constants (K') and K'o are used, correlations with previously determined intestinal absorption rate constants are definitely worse than the correlations with the reference n-heptane partition coefficients."	( Partition behavior of anilines in bulk-phase and high-performance liquid chromatographic systems: influence on correlation with biological constants. Fabra-Campos, S; Herráez, M; Martín-Villodre, A; Sánchez-Moyano, E; Santolaria, A; Seco, C, 1992)	0.28
" Tissue residue analysis confirmed presence of toxic polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran isomers known to be in pentachlorophenol, substantiating the bioavailability of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the wood shavings."	( Dioxin intoxication from chronic exposure of horses to pentachlorophenol-contaminated wood shavings. Hackett, M; Hultgren, B; Kerkvliet, NI; Schmotzer, WB; Schrader, WK; Wagner, SL, 1992)	0.28
" The proposed method is rapid, accurate and precise, and it should be useful for clinical, bioavailability and pharmacokinetic studies of cimetidine."	( An improved high performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of cimetidine and its major metabolite in plasma. Cervantes-Campos, C; Delgadillo-Valencia, MP; Girard-Cuesy, ME; León-Urrea, F; Montoya-Cabrera, MA, )	0.13
" This technique provides a convenient method for evaluating the potential bioavailability of PAH associated with other carbonaceous particulates which occur in the environment."	( In vitro technique to study elution of benzo[a]pyrene from particulates into biomembranes with application to woodstove particulates. Bevan, DR; Yonda, NT, 1985)	0.27
" Kinetic parameters (Vmax for elimination, apparent volume of the central compartment [Vc], first-order rate constants for intercompartmental transfer [k12 and k21], and first-order absorption rate constants for fast [kAF] and slow [kAS] absorption processes) were compared between species."	( Comparative toxicokinetics of methanol in the female mouse and rat. Kawagoe, JL; Perkins, RA; Pollack, GM; Ward, KW, 1995)	0.58
" Methanol is well absorbed following inhalation, ingestion or cutaneous exposure."	( Methanol toxicity. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. , 1993)	2.64
" The skin absorption rate of toluene in toluene/methanol mixtures exhibited a parabolic relationship to the mixed ratio."	( Skin absorption of solvent mixtures--effect of vehicles on skin absorption of toluene. Tsuruta, H, 1996)	0.55
" Both in vivo absorption rate estimates considerably exceed in vitro estimates."	( Time-resolved cutaneous absorption and permeation rates of methanol in human volunteers. Batterman, SA; Franzblau, A, 1997)	0.54
" Although these metals are tightly bound to the wood fibers and are not released under most conditions of use, we examined the bioavailability of metals in CCA pressure-treated wood dust in vitro."	( In vitro bioavailability of heavy metals in pressure-treated wood dust. Butala, JH; Gordon, T; Li, P; Rossman, TG; Spanier, J, 2002)	0.31
" The absorption rate of MM is much faster than that of HS-."	( Quantification and reduction of organic sulfur compound formation in a commercial wood pulping process. Chai, XS; Li, J; Luo, Q; Pan, XJ; Zhu, JY, 2002)	0.31
" The bioavailability of these essential metals in anaerobic batch reactors was dramatically increased by the addition of yeast extract."	( Effect of yeast extract on speciation and bioavailability of nickel and cobalt in anaerobic bioreactors. Gonzalez-Gil, G; Jansen, S; van Leeuwen, HP; Zandvoort, MH, 2003)	0.32
" A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the effects of surface applications of amendments on lead bioavailability in the tailings."	( Metal bioavailability and speciation in a wetland tailings repository amended with biosolids compost, wood ash, and sulfate. Brown, SL; DeVolder, PS; Hesterberg, D; Pandya, K, )	0.13
" Additionally, the results show that arsenic is poorly absorbed from CCA-treated wood residues (i."	( In vivo percutaneous absorption of arsenic from water and CCA-treated wood residue. Barbadillo, S; Holm, SE; Hui, X; Lowney, YW; Maibach, HI; Ruby, MV; Schoof, RA; Wester, RC, 2004)	0.32
" Ecotoxicity of water extracts and soil samples was analyzed in order to describe the bioavailability of the contaminants."	( Extractability of metals and ecotoxicity of soils from two old wood impregnation sites in Finland. Joutti, A; Lehto, O; Lintinen, P; Martikainen, E; Räisänen, ML; Schultz, E, 2004)	0.32
" Metastable and amorphous solids often display better solubility and bioavailability than the stable crystalline form of the API."	( Deposition and aggregation of aspirin molecules on a phospholipid bilayer pattern. Chen, D; Dong, W; Handa, H; Kurth, DG; Mao, G; Möhwald, H, 2005)	0.33
"To establish chemical extraction procedures for predicting bioavailability of butachlor and myclobutanil in soil, several solvent systems, including methanol, methanol-water (9:1), methanol-water (1:1), acetone-water (5:3), petroleum ether and water, were assessed for their feasibility in determining extractability of the target compounds from soil samples."	( Bioavailability of butachlor and myclobutanil residues in soil to earthworms. Fang, H; Li, SN; Tan, YJ; Wu, XM; Yu, JQ; Yu, YL, 2005)	0.53
" This finding links the extensive chemical characterization and bioavailability testing that has been done previously on the brush-removed residue to a material that is derived from human skin contact with CCA-treated wood."	( Chemical speciation and bioaccessibility of arsenic and chromium in chromated copper arsenate-treated wood and soils. Holm, SE; Lowney, YW; Nico, PS; Ruby, MV, 2006)	0.33
" However, pesticide bioavailability in aged soils has been characterized by a variety of methods with limited success, due in part to methodological limitations."	( Influence of soil aging on sorption and bioavailability of simazine. Koskinen, WC; Regitano, JB; Sadowsky, MJ, 2006)	0.33
" These results suggest that it may be difficult to develop a chemical method that is capable of mimicking biological uptake, and thus estimating the bioavailability of PAHs."	( Comparison of techniques for estimating PAH bioavailability: uptake in Eisenia fetida, passive samplers and leaching using various solvents and additives. Andersson, PL; Bergknut, M; Haglund, P; Lundstedt, S; Sehlin, E; Tysklind, M, 2007)	0.34
" The importance of solvent choice in salt formation, of salt selection in the control of bioavailability and of ternary phase equilibria in salt isolation and the relationship between a number of measured and calculated crystal properties are illustrated and discussed."	( Structure, solubility, screening, and synthesis of molecular salts. Black, SN; Collier, EA; Davey, RJ; Roberts, RJ, 2007)	0.34
" Metal bioavailability was evaluated after 28 days using the earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny)."	( Growth and reproduction of the earthworm Eisenia fetida after exposure to leachate from wood preservatives. Leduc, F; Sunahara, GI; Whalen, JK, 2008)	0.35
" Although particle engineering technologies such as controlled precipitation have been shown to enhance aqueous dissolution and bioavailability of poorly water soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients, the data available are the results of laboratory-scale experiments."	( Preparation, characterization, and scale-up of ketoconazole with enhanced dissolution and bioavailability. Elder, EJ; Evans, JC; Hitt, JE; Kupperblatt, GB; Markham, DA; Saghir, SA; Scherzer, BD, 2007)	0.34
"Successful phytoremediation depends mainly on the bioavailability of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in the soil."	( Effect of sulphur on soil Cu/Zn availability and microbial community composition. Chen, X; Chen, Y; Hui, W; Li, Q; Lin, Q; Shi, J; Wang, Y, 2008)	0.35
"The bioavailability of a novel water-soluble inclusion complex of CoQ10, prepared in our laboratory was determined and compared with the bioavailability of commercially available oil-based form of CoQ10."	( Bioavailability of water-soluble CoQ10 in beagle dogs. Butinar, J; Fir, MM; Krizman, M; Lukanc, B; Milivojevic, L; Prosek, M; Smidovnik, A, 2008)	0.35
"The effect of twelve weeks of composting on the mobility and bioavailability of cadmium in six composts containing sewage sludge, wood chips and grass was studied, along with the cadmium immobilization capacity of compost."	( Changes in cadmium mobility during composting and after soil application. Habart, J; Hanc, A; Szakova, J; Tlustos, P, 2009)	0.35
" In summary, OSU-A9 is a potent, orally bioavailable inhibitor of the Akt-NF-kappaB signaling network, targeting multiple aspects of breast tumor pathogenesis and progression."	( OSU-A9, a potent indole-3-carbinol derivative, suppresses breast tumor growth by targeting the Akt-NF-kappaB pathway and stress response signaling. Chen, CS; Kulp, SK; Omar, HA; Sargeant, AM; Shapiro, CL; Tsai, CH; Wang, D; Weng, JR, 2009)	0.35
" Together, these findings indicate that OSU-A9 is a potent, orally bioavailable inhibitor of the Akt-NF-kappaB signaling network with a broad spectrum of antitumor activity that includes targets regulating multiple aspects of HCC pathogenesis and progression."	( Targeting of the Akt-nuclear factor-kappa B signaling network by [1-(4-chloro-3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-methanol (OSU-A9), a novel indole-3-carbinol derivative, in a mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Chen, CS; Kulp, SK; Omar, HA; Patel, T; Sargeant, AM; Wang, D; Weng, JR, 2009)	0.56
" The results provide a mechanistic understanding of the poor absorption and low bioavailability of BCA after oral administration."	( Transport and metabolism of the antitumour drug candidate 2'-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde in Caco-2 cells. Kang, JS; Kim, HM; Kim, K; Kwon, BM; Kwon, MG; Lee, CW; Lee, K; Lee, KS; Oh, SJ; Park, SK; Ryu, J; Yu, HE, 2009)	0.35
"Carbonaceous sorbents including black carbon (BC) and carbon nanotubes have attracted research attention around the world because of their effects on bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in sediments and soils."	( Bioavailability of adsorbed phenanthrene by black carbon and multi-walled carbon nanotubes to Agrobacterium. Feng, C; Li, Y; Xia, X; Zhou, Z, 2010)	0.36
" Pine and oak wood increase the immobilization of the pesticides studied, but they also limit their bioavailability in soil by decreasing their degradation rate in amended soil."	( Influence of pine or oak wood on the degradation of alachlor and metalaxyl in soil. Azejjel, H; Marín-Benito, JM; Ordax, JM; Rodríguez-Cruz, MS; Sánchez-Martín, MJ, 2012)	0.38
" The cocrystals outperformed QUE dihydrate with increases in bioavailability up to nearly 10-fold."	( Cocrystals of quercetin with improved solubility and oral bioavailability. Kavuru, P; Shytle, RD; Smith, AJ; Wojtas, L; Zaworotko, MJ, 2011)	0.37
" However, after 45 d the denitrification rate, MPN and gene copy numbers for sulfamethazine and enrofloxacin were similar to that of the no-chemical control, indicating that acclimation of the denitrifier population to the antibiotic or reduced bioavailability over time allowed recovery of the denitrifier population."	( Dissipation of atrazine, enrofloxacin, and sulfamethazine in wood chip bioreactors and impact on denitrification. Ilhan, ZE; Moorman, TB; Ong, SK, )	0.13
" The strategy of increasing the in vitro dissolution has the potential to enhance the oral bioavailability when using nanosized crystalline drugs."	( Enhanced dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of simvastatin nanocrystal prepared by sonoprecipitation. Han, N; Jiang, T; Wang, S; Xie, Y; Zhao, B, 2012)	0.38
"The aim of this article was to prepare simvastatin nanocrystals to enhance its dissolution rate and bioavailability by exploiting sonoprecipitation."	( Enhanced dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of simvastatin nanocrystal prepared by sonoprecipitation. Han, N; Jiang, T; Wang, S; Xie, Y; Zhao, B, 2012)	0.38
" In addition to the various adverse effects that have been seen for different organisms, ENP are suspected to influence the transport, bioavailability and toxic properties of a range of environmental contaminants that may adsorb to their surface."	( The binding of phenanthrene to engineered silver and gold nanoparticles. Farkas, J; Nizzetto, L; Thomas, KV, 2012)	0.38
" Methanol has been introduced in mixture with n-hexane in order to increase the bioavailability of n-hexane in trickle-bed-air-biofilters (TBABs)."	( Effect of methanol on the biofiltration of n-hexane. Hassan, AA; Sorial, GA; Zehraoui, A, 2012)	1.69
" Bioavailability of metals can be manipulated by bonding to complexing molecules such as ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) or diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA)."	( The impact of metal transport processes on bioavailability of free and complex metal ions in methanogenic granular sludge. Bartacek, J; Fermoso, FG; Gerkema, E; Lens, PN; Maca, J; van As, H; Vergeldt, F, 2012)	0.38
" Moreover, the biological availability of particles and adsorbed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was tested using an Ah-receptor reporter gene assay, which demonstrated that particle characterization and knowledge of toxin bioavailability prior to experimentation is key for understanding potential biological interactions."	( Characterization of biologically available wood combustion particles in cell culture medium. Derreza-Greeven, C; Dietrich, DR; Gauggel, S; van der Burg, B; Wimmer, J; Wingfield, M, 2012)	0.38
" This review considers and discusses the available data to date on the bioavailability of the different wine-derived phenolic compounds in humans."	( Bioavailability of wine-derived phenolic compounds in humans: a review. Boban, M; Di Lorenzo, C; Restani, P; Stockley, C; Teissedre, PL, 2012)	0.38
" Based on the results, the oral bioavailability of BA in rats at 20 mg/kg is 15."	( Determination of bakkenolide A in rat plasma using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Bao, Y; Chen, F; Chen, X; Dai, D; Li, J; Liu, S; Pei, L; Zheng, J, 2012)	0.38
" Composting is a process used to improve the bioavailability of phytate in organic wastes through degradation by microorganisms."	( Phytate degradation by fungi and bacteria that inhabit sawdust and coffee residue composts. Fathallh Eida, M; Kouno, K; Nagaoka, T; Wasaki, J, 2013)	0.39
" To assess the bioavailability of EM, we examined the in vitro uptake using the Caco-2 human colonic cell line."	( Extraction of antioxidant components from Bidens pilosa flowers and their uptake by human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Chang, CH; Chyau, CC; Huang, SH; Lee, WC; Peng, CC, 2013)	0.39
" Monomerization is essential to achieve biocompatible drug formulations of high bioavailability and physiological response (i."	( Influence of aqueous media properties on aggregation and solubility of four structurally related meso-porphyrin photosensitizers evaluated by spectrophotometric measurements. Kristensen, S; Sobczyński, J; Tønnesen, HH, 2013)	0.39
" This study focused on the bioavailability of PAHs and on the tumor initiation potential of wood combustion PM, using the PAH CALUX® reporter gene assay and the BALB/c 3T3 cell transformation assay, respectively."	( Bioavailability and potential carcinogenicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from wood combustion particulate matter in vitro. Dietrich, DR; Gauggel-Lewandowski, S; Heussner, AH; Pieterse, B; Steinberg, P; van der Burg, B, 2013)	0.39
"Removing volatile methyl siloxanes (VMSs) from biogas remains a longstanding challenge in the field of biological process due to their low bioavailability and biodegradation."	( Siloxanes removal from biogas by a lab-scale biotrickling filter inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa S240. Li, Y; Xu, J; Zhang, W, 2014)	0.4
" Quantitative analysis of DIBC, DIBK, DIBC-alcohol, and DIBK-alcohol in blood samples collected from 5min to 120h after single dosing indicated the following: (1) DIBC and DIBK are both well absorbed following oral gavage with substantial evidence of enterohepatic recirculation of DIBK, DIBC, DIBK-alcohol, and DIBC-alcohol; (2) DIBK and DIBC are interconverted metabolically in rats; (3) DIBC and DIBK have similar bioavailability after oral administration; (4) higher systemic exposure was found for DIBK-alcohol than DIBC-alcohol, implying that DIBC-alcohol may be more easily conjugated and eliminated in bile."	( Comparative metabolism and pharmacokinetics of diisobutyl ketone and diisobutyl carbinol in male SD rats. Ball, NS; Bartels, MJ; Clark, AJ; Hughes, BJ; Lardie, TS; Markham, DA; Staley, JL; Zhang, F, 2015)	0.42
" Statistically significant correlations were found between the chromatographic lipophilicity indices and the calculated pharmacokinetic descriptors: fraction unbound in brain (f(u, brain)), oral bioavailability (%F), permeability and intestinal absorption in jejunum (Caco-2), skin permeation (log K(p)) and blood/brain concentration (log BB)."	( Structure-retention behaviour of biologically active fused 1,2,4-triazinones--correlation with in silico molecular properties. Janicka, M; Sztanke, K; Sztanke, M; Tuzimski, T, 2015)	0.42
" DEP/MET modified the mucus profile of the epithelium, while DEP/HEX altered mucus extrusion, and these responses might be due to bioavailability of individual elements in DEP fractions."	( Organic and inorganic fractions of diesel exhaust particles produce changes in mucin profile of mouse trachea explants. Corrêa, AT; Junqueira, MS; Macchione, M; Martins, MA; Mauad, T; Saldiva, PH; Seriani, R; Silva, LF; Toledo, AC, 2015)	0.42
" The results showed that after the modification by succinic acid, the absorption rate of tea oil tree sawdust for uranium increased significantly by about 20% in 12."	( [Absorption of Uranium with Tea Oil Tree Sawdust Modified by Succinic Acid]. Chen, DY; Liu, YS; Peng, Y; Xiong, XY; Zhang, XF, 2015)	0.42
" This study will provide valuable information on the use of biochars for reducing the bioavailability of pesticides."	( Influence of Al-oxide on pesticide sorption to woody biochars with different surface areas. Dong, H; Li, J; Li, S; Li, Y; Lü, J; Shou, J; Zhong, J, 2016)	0.43
" We investigate bioavailability of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from polypropylene microplastic by measuring solid-water distribution coefficients, gut fluid solubilization, and bioaccumulation using sediment invertebrate worms as a test system."	( Differential bioavailability of polychlorinated biphenyls associated with environmental particles: Microplastic in comparison to wood, coal and biochar. Beckingham, B; Ghosh, U, 2017)	0.46
" In addition, co-pyrolysis of sludge with bamboo sawdust transformed the potentially toxic metals in the sludge into more stable fractions, leading to a considerable decrease in their direct toxicity and bioavailability in the co-pyrolyzed biochar."	( Cumulative effects of bamboo sawdust addition on pyrolysis of sewage sludge: Biochar properties and environmental risk from metals. Cao, Y; Christie, P; Jin, J; Li, Y; Liang, P; Shan, S; Wang, M; Wong, MH; Wu, S; Zhang, J, 2017)	0.46
" The results indicate a way to control the size of cocrystals on a nanometer scale, which will provide higher bioavailability of pharmaceuticals."	( Raman Spectroscopy of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals in Nanosized Pores of Mesoporous Silica. Ajito, K; Ohta, R; Ueno, Y, 2017)	0.46
" Adding these materials to soil requires understanding the process of pesticide sorption-desorption by wood-soils, as sorption capacity could increase, with changes in pesticide bioavailability and final fate."	( Study of processes influencing bioavailability of pesticides in wood-soil systems: Effect of different factors. Arienzo, M; Herrero-Hernández, E; Marín-Benito, JM; Rodríguez-Cruz, MS; Sánchez-Martín, MJ, 2017)	0.46
" In conclusion, the data clearly demonstrated that biochar application can be effectively used for Cd, Pb, and Zn immobilization, thereby reducing their bioavailability and phytotoxicity."	( Cd, Pb, and Zn mobility and (bio)availability in contaminated soils from a former smelting site amended with biochar. Bourgerie, S; Gauthier, A; Hattab-Hambli, N; Lebrun, M; Lomaglio, T; Miard, F; Morabito, D; Motelica-Heino, M; Nandillon, R; Scippa, GS; Trupiano, D, 2018)	0.48
" This includes those that compromise or pollute soil and water (highly soluble or volatile biocides) or those that present low bioavailability (poorly soluble biocides)."	( Controlled release for crop and wood protection: Recent progress toward sustainable and safe nanostructured biocidal systems. Magalhães, WLE; Mattos, BD; Rojas, OJ; Tardy, BL, 2017)	0.46
" The method was successfully used to investigate the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability in rat plasma and urine samples after intragastric and intraperitoneal administration of caulophine sodium salt."	( Liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry method for the determination of caulophine in rat bio-samples and its pharmacokinetic study after intragastric and intraperitoneal administration. Li, C; Lu, D; Wang, S; Xu, X, 2018)	0.48
", ionic, nanocopper [1-100 nm in size]) is not fully understood but will affect the bioavailability and toxicity of the metal."	( Assessing the release of copper from nanocopper-treated and conventional copper-treated lumber into marine waters II: Forms and bioavailability. Burgess, RM; Cantwell, MG; Cashman, MA; Clar, JG; Ho, KT; Katz, DR; Luxton, TP; Parks, AN; Perron, MM; Portis, L, 2018)	0.48
" The results of this study show that methanol influences the phenacetin bioavailability and kinetics."	( THE EFFECT OF METHANOL USED AS VEHICULUM ON SERUM PHENACETIN CONCENTRATION IN THE RAT. Bamburowicz-Klimkowska, M; Lukasik, M; Malkowska, A; Polak, P; Szutowski, MM, 2016)	1.07
" The bioavailability of Cr, Cu and As to Spinacia oleracea from CCA-treated timber, before and after treatment, was determined in the context of human health risk assessment."	( Bioavailability and risk estimation of heavy metal(loid)s in chromated copper arsenate treated timber after remediation for utilisation as garden materials. Dong, Z; Du, J; Gao, Y; Liu, Y; Naidu, R; Rahman, MM; Yan, K, 2019)	0.51
" We question if Cd in wood ash represents a problem, since decreases in Cd bioavailability due to ash-induced pH changes may counteract increased total Cd concentration."	( Wood ash effects on growth and cadmium uptake in Deschampsia flexuosa (Wavy hair-grass). Christensen, S; Ekelund, F; Hovmand, M; Johansen, JL; Kindtler, NL; Kjøller, R; Rønn, R; Vestergård, M, 2019)	0.51
" Thus, quality evaluation of different crystal forms should be assessed especially the solubility and dissolution behaviors among polymorphic forms, which correlate to bioavailability and therapy efficacy."	( Polymorphic properties and dissolution profile of efavirenz due to solvents recrystallization. Soewandhi, SN; Suendo, V; Wardhana, YW; Wikarsa, S, 2019)	0.51
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
" The results concluded that WBC was efficient to reduce the bioavailability of TMs and shoot and root uptake, improved wheat dry biomasses production and soil enzymatic activities in industrial and smelter/mines polluted soils."	( Application of wood biochar in polluted soils stabilized the toxic metals and enhanced wheat (Triticum aestivum) growth and soil enzymatic activity. Ali, A; Arockiam Jeyasundar, PGS; Du, J; Guo, D; Li, R; Li, Y; Xiao, R; Zhang, Z, 2019)	0.51
" We assessed rhizosphere microbes' role in Cr immobilization and bioavailability by conducting the pot experiment to test different biochar sources (PMB - pig manure and PSB - pine sawdust) and phosphorus (P) levels impact on Cr mobility."	( Biochar impact on chromium accumulation by rice through Fe microbial-induced redox transformation. Barbosa da Silva, E; Gao, P; Liao, R; Long, L; Ma, J; Wu, J; Xiao, Y; Xu, M; Yang, G; Zhang, X, 2020)	0.56
" Addition of biochars significantly increased the bioavailability and uptake of phosphorus and potassium in the plants in both soils with greater effects from pig biochar than wood biochar."	( Animal carcass- and wood-derived biochars improved nutrient bioavailability, enzyme activity, and plant growth in metal-phthalic acid ester co-contaminated soils: A trial for reclamation and improvement of degraded soils. Bolan, N; Che, L; Chen, H; Gielen, G; Guo, J; Rinklebe, J; Sarkar, B; Shaheen, SM; Sun, H; Wang, H; Yang, X, 2020)	0.56
" Spray-drying is used to manufacture amorphous solid dispersions, which enhance the bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with low aqueous solubility."	( Solvent-Assisted Secondary Drying of Spray-Dried Polymers. Baumann, JM; Dower, AM; Ekdahl, AM; Morgen, MM; Shepard, KB; Vodak, DT, 2020)	0.56
" OTB is poorly absorbed systematically was viable in contrast with different medications used for same purpose, for example, pinaverium bromide and mebeverine, with a good tolerability profile."	( A Mini Review on Characteristics and Analytical Methods of Otilonium Bromide. Mittal, A; Shrivastava, A, 2022)	0.72
"85% crosslinking agent, the moisture absorption rate of the soybean protein-based adhesive decreases by 41."	( Preparation of a high bonding performance soybean protein-based adhesive with low crosslinker addition via microwave chemistry. Cai, L; Chen, H; Gao, Q; Li, J; Li, Y; Liu, Z; Shi, SQ; Zhang, X, 2022)	0.72
" Creatively, PA can effectively improve the bioavailability of Cur; more importantly, Cur and PA play an obvious synergistic effect in antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and osteogenic activities."	( Drug-Loaded and Anisotropic Wood-Derived Hydrogel Periosteum with Super Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Osteogenic Activities. Chen, J; Liu, M; Lu, L; Luo, B; Sun, T; Zhou, C; Zhu, Z, 2022)	0.72
" This is a response to the circumvention of restrictions in the use of hesperidin due to its poor bioavailability resulting from low solubility and permeability."	( Improving Solubility and Permeability of Hesperidin through Electrospun Orange-Peel-Extract-Loaded Nanofibers. Cielecka-Piontek, J; Miklaszewski, A; Paczkowska-Walendowska, M, 2023)	0.91
" The studies show that complexation with famotidine or ranitidine may affect the bioavailability of sparfloxacin."	( Simultaneous interaction, degradation, and kinetic study of sparfloxacin with H2 receptor antagonist. Amir Hassan, -; Fouzia Shafi, -; Iffat Sultana, -; Maria Qureshi, -; Nazia Tabassum, -; Qurat Ul Aen Ismail, -; Sadia Iqbal, -; Shereen, -; Sohail Hassan, -; Tahreem Mujtaba, -, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Individuals were randomly assigned in a double-blind design to aspartame or sucrose in each of five age groups; dosage levels were assigned according to age and weight groups."	( Use of aspartame by apparently healthy children and adolescents. Frey, GH, 1976)	0.26
" Dose-response curves were obtained by utilizing the maximum percent decrease in respiratory rate as the response parameter during each exposure."	( Sensory irritation and incapacitation evoked by thermal decomposition products of polymers and comparisons with known sensory irritants. Alarie, Y; Barrow, CS; Stock, MF, )	0.13
" MER is a quantifiable nonviable immunostimulant that obeys dose-response relationships in its cutaneous lesions."	( Effects of methanol extraction residue of Bacillus calmette-Guérin in humans. Bekesi, JG; Holland, JF; Lumb, GJ; Perloff, M, 1977)	0.65
"Two patients with extremely high blood methanol concentrations (260 and 282 mg/dl) were successfully treated using pharmacokinetic dosing of ethanol, hemodialysis and supportive measures."	( Severe methanol poisoning. Application of a pharmacokinetic model for ethanol therapy and hemodialysis. Cipolle, RJ; Ehlers, SM; McCoy, HG; Sawchuk, RJ; Zaske, DE, 1979)	0.98
"Analysis of the gut contents of rats killed at intervals after dosage with methyl cinnamate or cinnamic acid suggested that both ester and acid were rapidly absorbed; at no time was more than 5% of the dose detected in the lower part of the gut."	( The absorption and metabolism of methyl cinnamate. Fahelbum, IM; James, SP, 1977)	0.26
" Following treatment with 3H-vernolepin on several different dosage schedules, the tumors were found to contain significantly more radioactivity per gram wet weight than control tissue (muscle from the contralateral limb)."	( In vivo studies on the mechanism of action of the tumor inhibitor vernolepin in the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma. Lantz, CH; Larner, J, 1976)	0.26
" In this dosage it was found that the peak effect of the two drugs was the same but that the effect of rimiterol was less prolonged than that of sulbutamol."	( Comparison between the bronchodilator and cardiovascular effects of inhaling 0.5 mg. rimiterol ('Pulmadil') and 0.2 mg. salbutamol. Bianco, S; Kamburoff, PL; Prime, FJ, 1975)	0.25
" In the second experiment, rats were dosed with riboflavin and divided into four groups: no further treatment; aflatoxin (LD50); irradiation (1-2 hr); or aflatoxin plus irradiation."	( Some interactions of light, riboflavin, and aflatoxin B1 in vivo and in vitro. Findley, M; Joseph-Bravo, PI; Newberne, PM, 1976)	0.26
" A dose-response function for each mixture was plotted of percentage lethality vs."	( Comparative lethality of methanol, ethanol and mixtures in female rats. Cox, C; Madkour, K; Weiss, B; Youssef, A, 1992)	0.59
" This system is applied to the analysis of dosage forms containing spironolactone in both single-component formulation and in combination with hydrochlorothiazide."	( HPLC-photolysis-electrochemical detection in pharmaceutical analysis: application to the determination of spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide in tablets. Bachman, WJ; Stewart, JT, 1990)	0.28
" The highest dosage of methanol caused a significant hypothermia in both Fischer and Long Evans rats."	( Thermoregulatory effects of methanol in Fischer and Long Evans rats. Gordon, CJ; Mohler, FS, )	0.74
" The rats developed a significant hypothermia following the 3 g/kg dosage of methanol at Ta's from 5 to 25 degrees C, while the change in Tc at 35 degrees C was not significant."	( Effects of methanol on autonomic thermoregulation of rats at different ambient temperatures. Gordon, CJ; Mohler, FS, 1990)	0.9
" A dose-response relationship was found between exposure to formaldehyde and decrease in lung function."	( Pulmonary function in wood workers exposed to formaldehyde: a prospective study. Alexandersson, R; Hedenstierna, G, )	0.13
"5) was associated with low-level wood dust exposure; however, no dose-response relation was evident."	( Wood-related occupations, wood dust exposure, and sinonasal cancer. de Bruyn, A; Gerin, M; Hayes, RB; Raatgever, JW, 1986)	0.27
"6 g in four divided doses for 6 days were cured, and all of three men who received this same dosage for 3 days were cured."	( A phenanthrene methanol (WR 33063) for treatment of acute malaria. Arnold, JD; Carson, PE; Clyde, DF; Martin, DC; Miller, RM; Rieckmann, KH; Willerson, D, 1973)	0.6
" The 3-methylcholanthrene-dependent increases in 2- and 3-hydroxylation appear due to induction of a single form of cytochrome P-450, as indicated by similar dose-response relationships and similar changes in sensitivity to the inhibitors."	( Biphenyl metabolism by rat liver microsomes: regioselective effects of inducers, inhibitors, and solvents. Haugen, DA, )	0.13
" In this case the effective dosage was equivalent to an air volume of 2-5 cbm."	( [Biological effect of smog extract. VII. Severe disorders of the cell cycle and its phases in kidney cultures as effected by extract and fractions of smog from a heavily industrialized area]. Behmer, A; Seemayer, NH, 1983)	0.27
" In spite of the evidence of a link between exposure to various chemicals and HD, there is a clear need to evaluate dose-response relationship between specific type and amount of chemicals and the disease, in order to provide some of the answer we need about the etiology of HD."	( [Hodgkin's disease and occupation]. Fonte, R; Franco, G, )	0.13
" Oral dosing of calves with PCP in capsules--0."	( Plasma pentachlorophenol concentrations in calves exposed to treated wood in the environment. Olesen, B; Osweiler, GD; Rottinghaus, GE, 1984)	0.27
" The degree and onset of these pathological changes were directly and inversely proportional, respectively, to the dosage of killed organisms administered."	( Biological and immunological properties of Coxiella burnetii vaccines in C57BL/10ScN endotoxin-nonresponder mice. Cantrell, JL; Williams, JC, 1982)	0.26
" CSb-FAD mice excreted much more formate and developed higher plasma formate concentrations (11-17 mM) than identically dosed CSa-FAD animals (6 mM)."	( Acute toxicity of methanol in the folate-deficient acatalasemic mouse. Smith, EN; Taylor, RT, 1982)	0.6
" No dose-response relationship could be discerned between the fall in workers' ventilatory capacity and the concentrations of airborne dust or microbes to which they were exposed."	( Ventilatory function in workers exposed to tea and wood dust. Al Zuhair, YS; Cinkotai, FF; Whitaker, CJ, 1981)	0.26
" However, some evidence for an increasing dose-response relationship between inhalative exposure to dioxins and the risk of hypoergy and anergy was found, both in the total study population and among subjects with a short postexposure time (< or = 6 months)."	( Effects of inhalative exposure to dioxins in wood preservatives on cell-mediated immunity in day-care center teachers. Karmaus, W; Wolf, N, 1995)	0.29
" They were challenged with a maximum dosage of 80 mg of red cedar dust and spruce dust (control) with a rotahaler on separate days in a single blinded manner."	( New method for an occupational dust challenge test. Chan-Yeung, M; Chen, H; Lin, FJ, 1995)	0.29
" The SFC method was also applied to a commercial 100 mg dosage form of PB with good recovery of PB."	( A supercritical fluid chromatographic method using packed columns for phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone in serum, and for phenylbutazone in a dosage form. Jagota, NK; Simmons, BR; Stewart, JT, 1995)	0.29
" Impregnation of birch toothpicks in 1, 2 or 3% NaF resulted in lower F concentrations both in vitro and in vivo, with a clear dose-response effect."	( Uptake and release of fluoride from birch and lime toothpicks. Birkhed, D; Kashani, H; Petersson, LG, 1995)	0.29
" The osmole gap may also be helpful for confirming pseudohyponatremia, as a gauge for dosing mannitol and glycerol when used to treat intracranial hypertension, and as a prognostic indicator in circulatory shock."	( The serum osmole gap. Cadnapaphornchai, P; Kruse, JA, 1994)	0.29
" Studies therefore should focus on examining the dose-response relationship between chronic low-level exposure and subtle changes in central nervous system function."	( Neurotoxic effects of gasoline and gasoline constituents. Burbacher, TM, 1993)	0.29
" The uncertainties in this conclusion are based on the lack of information on dose-response relationship at reasonable, projected exposure levels and of studies examining end points of concern in sensitive species."	( Health effects of oxygenated fuels. Costantini, MG, 1993)	0.29
" One dam died in each of the 7,500, 10,000, and 15,000 ppm methanol exposure groups, but no dose-response relationship was evident for maternal death."	( The developmental toxicity of inhaled methanol in the CD-1 mouse, with quantitative dose-response modeling for estimation of benchmark doses. Barbee, BD; Chernoff, N; Kavlock, RJ; Logsdon, TR; Mole, ML; Rogers, JM; Turner, CI, 1993)	0.8
" The method was employed for the quantitative analysis of reference substances, bulk samples and pharmaceutical dosage forms."	( Quantitative analysis of cefradine by liquid chromatography on poly(styrene-divinylbenzene). Hendrix, C; Hoogmartens, J; Pijcke, M; Roets, E; Yun, LM, 1993)	0.29
"The toxicity of an agent or the therapeutic effect of a drug may be assessed by a dose-response study."	( Exact power computation for dose-response studies. Hirji, KF; Tang, ML; Vollset, SE, 1995)	0.29
" Loss of body weight during the dosing period, ranging from slight to severe was seen in the treated animals."	( Pregnancy terminating effect of Jatropha curcas in rats. Balasubramaniam, S; Goonasekera, MM; Gunawardana, VK; Jayasena, K; Mohammed, SG, 1995)	0.29
" This confirmed that the extracted material was sensitizing, and a clear dose-response relationship was found."	( Wood dust from jelutong (Dyera costulata) causes contact allergy. Ahman, M; Karlberg, AT; Meding, B, 1996)	0.29
" A dose-response relationship was observed between the level of exposure and the annual decline in FVC."	( Western red cedar dust exposure and lung function: a dose-response relationship. Chan-Yeung, M; Dimich-Ward, H; Dittrick, M; Kennedy, SM; Noertjojo, HK; Peelen, S, 1996)	0.29
" Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function also did not show a dose-response trend with the exposure levels estimated by correlation with worker job titles and duration of employment."	( Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function among wood dust-exposed joss stick workers. Cheng, SY; Lai, FM; Liou, SH; Yang, JL, 1996)	0.29
" At various times during and after the dosing protocol, approximately 50 mg of hair was shaved from a different area of the animals' backs and analyzed for codeine and morphine concentrations by ion-trap gas chromatography-mass spectrometry."	( Distribution of codeine and morphine into rat hair after long-term daily dosing with codeine. Gygi, SP; Rollins, DE; Wilkins, DG, 1995)	0.29
" After 4 days of infusion however, and despite repeated pulse dosage of BES, methanogenesis adapted to BES and methane concentration in rumen gases reached 20%."	( Attempts to induce reductive acetogenesis into a sheep rumen. Demeyer, D; Fiedler, D; Immig, I; Mbanzamihigo, L; Van Nevel, C, 1996)	0.29
" Days of dosing were 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19."	( Simple neurobehavioral functional observational battery and objective gait analysis validation by the use of acrylamide and methanol with a built-in recovery period. Santi, BW; Youssef, AF, 1997)	0.5
" The dosage schedule was elaborated for the application of identical amounts of hyperforin in both extracts in each dosing group."	( Effects of a methanolic extract and a hyperforin-enriched CO2 extract of St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) on intracerebral field potentials in the freely moving rat (Tele-Stereo-EEG). Dimpfel, W; Mannel, M; Schober, F, 1998)	0.67
"Exposure to asbestos was associated with an increased risk of laryngeal cancer, and a dose-response relation was present."	( Occupational exposures and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and oesophagus: a case-control study in Sweden. Gustavsson, P; Jakobsson, R; Johansson, H; Lewin, F; Norell, S; Rutkvist, LE, 1998)	0.3
" Dose-response relationships among personal exposures and percentage cross-shift decrease in lung function and percentage predicted lung function were more pronounced among joinery workers compared with sawmill and chip mill workers."	( Work-related symptoms and dose-response relationships for personal exposures and pulmonary function among woodworkers. Alwis, KU; Hocking, AD; Mandryk, J, 1999)	0.3
" Live catfish were dosed with 14C-labeled or unlabeled FLU to generate incurred residues."	( Determination of flumequine in channel catfish by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Bencsath, FA; el Said, KR; Musser, SM; Plakas, SM; Walker, CC, )	0.13
" They are organized into four classes: specific pharmaceuticals, biologicals, pharmaceutical dosage forms, and chemicals."	( Delayed toxidromes. Bosse, GM; Matyunas, NJ, )	0.13
" Dose-response relationships were found between personal exposures and work-related symptoms among joinery workers and sawmill and chip mill workers."	( Exposure to biohazards in wood dust: bacteria, fungi, endotoxins, and (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans. Alwis, KU; Hocking, AD; Mandryk, J, 1999)	0.3
" We investigated the dose-response relationship for each alcohol and determined that the order of potency was methanol < EtOH << octanol, with EC(50) values of 291 mM, 39."	( Effect of ethanol upon respiratory-related hypoglossal nerve output of neonatal rat brain stem slices. Berger, AJ; Gibson, IC, 2000)	0.52
" The linear dose-response slope was calculated as the last dose divided by the total dose given."	( Symptoms, airway responsiveness, and exposure to dust in beech and oak wood workers. Bohadana, AB; Engel, S; Goutet, P; Massin, N; Toamain, JP; Wild, P, 2000)	0.31
" A dose-response relation was found between intensity of exposure on the one hand, and sore throat, increased prevalence of positive methacholine bronchial challenge tests, and steeper dose-response slope, on the other."	( Symptoms, airway responsiveness, and exposure to dust in beech and oak wood workers. Bohadana, AB; Engel, S; Goutet, P; Massin, N; Toamain, JP; Wild, P, 2000)	0.31
" Significant dose-response relationships were found for personal exposures and lung function, and lung function and work-related respiratory symptoms."	( Effects of personal exposures on pulmonary function and work-related symptoms among sawmill workers. Alwis, KU; Hocking, AD; Mandryk, J, 2000)	0.31
"A stability indicating high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for quantification of nifedipine, as bulk drug and from solid oral dosage forms has been developed."	( High performance thin layer chromatographic determination of nifedipine from bulk drug and from pharmaceuticals. Gore, SP; Nair, VB; Patravale, VB, 2000)	0.31
" Among HPV-positive women, dose-response relationships were observed for education, age at first intercourse and exposure to wood smoke that persisted after adjustment for previous screening."	( Co-factors related to the causal relationship between human papillomavirus and invasive cervical cancer in Honduras. Bulnes, R; Claros, JM; de Barahona, O; Ferrera, A; Figueroa, M; Melchers, WJ; Toro, LA; Velema, JP, 2000)	0.31
" A significant dose-response was found between past exposure to Pentachlorophenol and reported symptoms of fever/sweating (47% in the high exposure group), weight loss (33% in the high exposure group), persisting fatigue (74% in the high exposure group), nausea (40% in the medium and high exposure groups) and responses to a screening test for neuropsychological dysfunction (Questionnaire 16) (81% in the high exposure group)."	( Health effects of occupational pentachlorophenol exposure in timber sawmill employees: a preliminary study. Glass, WI; Pearce, NE; Walls, CB, 1998)	0.3
" The outcomes measured were the preservation of visual acuity, the resolution of metabolic acidosis, the inhibition of formic acid production, the achievment of therapeutic plasma concentrations of fomepizole with the dosing regimen, residual illness or disability, and death."	( Fomepizole for the treatment of methanol poisoning. Aaron, C; Brent, J; Kulig, K; McMartin, K; Phillips, S, 2001)	0.59
" This assumption should be supported by further dose-response studies."	( Carcinogenicity assays of wood dust and wood additives in rats exposed by long-term inhalation. Amelung, F; Klein, RG; Schmezer, P; Schroeder, HG; Woeste, W; Wolf, J, 2001)	0.31
" Permeation studies with the Franz diffusion cell were undertaken to evaluate the model for the establishment of a new in vitro method to study the percutaneous absorption of different dosage forms."	( Reconstructed skin equivalents for assessing percutaneous drug absorption from pharmaceutical formulations. Fuchs, R; Lehr, CM; Schaefer, UF; Zghoul, N, 2001)	0.31
" From the results of analysis of solids in the cake, the filtered sludge cake with either wood chips or wheat dregs conditioning in higher dosage resulted in lower moisture and higher volatile combustible solids content."	( Enhancing the dewaterability and amenability of sludge for subsequent stabilization processes by using organic waste solids as conditioners. Jing, SR; Lee, DY; Lin, YF, 2001)	0.31
"6), and a dose-response by cumulative dose index."	( Nested case-control study of lung cancer among pulp and paper workers in relation to exposure to dusts. Szadkowska-Stańczyk, I; Szymczak, W, 2001)	0.31
"The activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) were measured with fluorogenic naphthaldehydes in the stomach and small intestine homogenates of rats dosed with 6 g methanol/kg bw after 6, 12, 24 h and 2, 5, 7 days."	( Alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in the stomach and small intestine of rats poisoned with methanol. Chrostek, L; Jelski, W; Szczepura, D; Szmitkowski, M; Wierzchowski, J, 2001)	0.72
" The dose-response curve followed an inverse U-shape."	( Acute and chronic actions of a dry methanolic extract of Hypericum perforatum and a hyperforin-rich extract on dopaminergic and serotonergic neurones in rat nucleus accumbens. Mannel, M; Rommelspacher, H; Siemanowitz, B, 2001)	0.59
" This model can be used to quantitatively relate methanol or its metabolites in biological matrices to the absorbed dose and tissue burden at any point in time in rats, monkeys, and humans for different exposures, thus reducing uncertainties in the dose-response relationship, and animal-to-human and exposure scenario comparisons."	( A biologically based dynamic model for predicting the disposition of methanol and its metabolites in animals and humans. Bouchard, M; Brunet, RC; Carrier, G; Droz, PO, 2001)	0.8
" A dose-response relationship was seen between dust exposure and asthma symptoms, and a positive interaction for asthma was seen between female gender and dust exposure."	( Respiratory symptoms and lung function among Danish woodworkers. Mikkelsen, AB; Schaumburg, I; Schlünssen, V; Sigsgaard, T; Taudorf, E, 2002)	0.31
" Synthesis of HpCDD and OCDD did not occur when PCP-treated wood was fermented with rumen microorganisms, and enhanced concentrations of HpCDD and OCDD were not found in gastrointestinal tract contents of dosed animals."	( Complete mass balance of dietary polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in dairy cattle and characterization of the apparent synthesis of hepta- and octachlorodioxins. Fries, GF; Luksemburg, WJ; Paustenbach, DJ, 2002)	0.31
" Therefore, the slope of the dose-response curve was very steep."	( Flow cytometric estimation on cytotoxic activity of leaf extracts from seashore plants in subtropical Japan: isolation, quantification and cytotoxic action of (-)-deoxypodophyllotoxin. Chikahisa, L; Inaba, Y; Masuda, T; Mizuguchi, S; Nakata, M; Okada, Y; Oyama, Y; Takeda, Y; Tanaka, T; Yamazaki, Y; Yonemori, S, 2002)	0.31
" Four priority areas for future research are: (1) improving information on dose-response relationships between indoor air pollution and various health effects (e."	( Understanding household demand for indoor air pollution control in developing countries. Larson, BA; Rosen, S, 2002)	0.31
" Pretreatment with MEP (3, 6, 18 micrograms/ml) shifted the phenylephrine-induced dose-response curves to the right and the maximum response was attenuated, indicating that the antagonist effect of MEP on alpha 1-adrenoceptors was non-competitive."	( Relaxant activity of methanolic extract from seeds of Peganum harmala on isolated rat aorta. Berrougui, H; Ettaib, A; Herrera-Gonzalez, MD; Hmamouchi, M; Marhuenda, E, )	0.45
" This information is critical for optimizing intravitreal dosing which in turn can aid in the design of drug delivery systems."	( Disposition of short-chain aliphatic alcohols in rabbit vitreous by ocular microdialysis. Atluri, H; Mitra, AK, 2003)	0.32
" Because the final polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) concentrations contained within the biomass were more than the original level and no phosphate re-release was observed, glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs) might exist in the multiple stages EBNR process and increased carbon dosage for further nitrate removal."	( Denitrifying characteristics of the multiple stages enhanced biological nutrient removal process with external carbon sources. Chou, YJ; Huang, HL; Kuo, WL; Ouyang, CF, 2003)	0.32
" A completely mixed batch reactor, with sludge acclimatized to methanol addition during the anoxic cycle, had an increase in the denitrification rate ranging from 660%, without methanol addition, to 200%, with a methanol dosage of 12."	( Process control and design considerations for methanol-induced denitrification in a sequencing batch reactor. Gardner, IS; Louzeiro, NR; Mavinic, DS; Meisen, A; Oldham, WK, 2003)	0.82
" These cells displayed high levels of immunoreactivity with pSTAT5 probes that could be inhibited uniformly with imatinib mesylate in a dose-response and time-dependent manner."	( Immunoreactivity of Stat5 phosphorylated on tyrosine as a cell-based measure of Bcr/Abl kinase activity. Frisa, PS; Goolsby, CL; Gottlieb, MA; Hedley, DW; Jacobberger, JW; Paniagua, M; Shankey, TV; Smith, BL; Sramkoski, RM; Ye, PP, 2003)	0.32
" The optimum dosage must be determined empirically vis-á-vis the strain of infecting organisms and the experimental parameters of administration and testing."	( STUDIES ON THE HETEROLOGOUS IMMUNOGENICITY OF A MENTHANOL-INSOLUBLE FRACTION OF ATTENUATED TUBERCLE BACILLI (BCG). I. ANTIMICROBIAL PROTECTION. BONHAG, RS; PARKS, JA; WEISS, DW, 1964)	0.24
" The proposed method was applied to the determination of chlorpheniramine maleate alone in tablet and syrup dosage forms."	( Determination of chlorpheniramine maleate and tincture ipecac in dosage form by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. El-Barbary, FA; Eldawy, MA; Mabrouk, MM, )	0.13
"Experiments were conducted at the VERONA pilot plant, an incineration plant with stationary grate and separate post-combustion chamber, using wood and propane as basic combustible materials and with controlled dosage of various bromine-, chlorine- and copper-containing compounds."	( Formation of chlorinated and brominated dioxins and other organohalogen compounds at the pilot incineration plant VERONA. Jager, J; Schüler, D, 2004)	0.32
" PX-6518 did not show activity after oral dosing at up to 200 mg/kg for 5 days."	( In vitro and in vivo activities of a triterpenoid saponin extract (PX-6518) from the plant Maesa balansae against visceral leishmania species. Cos, P; De Kimpe, N; Germonprez, N; Maes, L; Quirijnen, L; Van Puyvelde, L; Vanden Berghe, D, 2004)	0.32
"In the one stage experiment, no significant difference of the incidence of mice lung tumors was observed between different dosage groups of water extracts and organic extracts."	( [The model of mouse lung tumor short-term induction test for assaying the carcinogencity induced by extracts of birch wood dust]. Dong, Q; He, P; Wu, D, 2002)	0.31
" When xylanase and mannanase were dosed together (simultaneously), both enzymes were able to enhance the liberation of reducing sugars and improve pulp bleachability, possibly as a result of nearly additive interactions."	( Xylanase and mannanase enzymes from Streptomyces galbus NR and their use in biobleaching of softwood kraft pulp. Kansoh, AL; Nagieb, ZA, 2004)	0.32
"No maternal intoxication was apparent, but the high dosage level caused a transient deficit in maternal weight gain."	( Methanol exposure during gastrulation causes holoprosencephaly, facial dysgenesis, and cervical vertebral malformations in C57BL/6J mice. Barbee, BD; Brannen, KC; Degitz, SJ; Rogers, JM; Zucker, RM, 2004)	1.77
" Even though 4-MP is characterized by a dose-dependent kinetic profile, under our conditions of dosage and blood sampling, its elimination better fitted a first-order kinetic model."	( Plasma and tissue determination of 4-methylpyrazole for pharmacokinetic analysis in acute adult and pediatric methanol/ethylene glycol poisoning. Detaille, T; Di Fazio, V; Hantson, P; Haufroid, V; König, J; Vanbinst, R; Wallemacq, PE, 2004)	0.54
" The discrepancies between different studies are for the most part explained by abiotic factors such as variation in fertility among sites, different degrees of stabilization, and wood ash dosage used, and different time scales among different studies."	( Biological effects of wood ash application to forest and aquatic ecosystems. Aronsson, KA; Ekelund, NG, )	0.13
" The purpose of our research was to determine the concentration of malonic dialdehyde as the expression of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity after dosed chronic ethyl and methyl alcohol intoxication."	( [Selected alcohols on the pro- and anti-oxidative processes in rat erythrocytes]. Berent, J; Gałecki, P; Jankowska, B; Jurczyk, AP; Kedziora, J; Meissner, E; Smigielski, J; Szram, S, )	0.13
" A dose-response was examined with each of these solvents."	( The effects of organic solvents on poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 activity: implications for neurotoxicity. Banasik, M; Persad, AS; Stedeford, T; Strosznajder, RP; Tanaka, S; Ueda, K, 2004)	0.32
" Two factors that drastically influence protein production and cultivation process development in this system are gene dosage and methanol assimilation capacity of the host strain (Mut phenotype)."	( Combined effect of the methanol utilization (Mut) phenotype and gene dosage on recombinant protein production in Pichia pastoris fed-batch cultures. Cos, O; Cregg, JM; Ferrer, P; Montesinos, JL; Serrano, A; Valero, F, 2005)	0.84
"Two newly developed simple and sensitive methods for determination of tramadol hydrochloride in ampoule dosage forms were described and validated."	( Determination of tramadol hydrochloride in ampoule dosage forms by using UV spectrophotometric and HPLC-DAD methods in methanol and water media. Kadioğlu, Y; Küçük, A, 2005)	0.54
" The calcium channel blocking (CCB) effect was confirmed when CSE shifted the Ca2+ dose-response curves (DRCs) to right similar to verapamil."	( Studies on the antihypertensive, antispasmodic, bronchodilator and hepatoprotective activities of the Carum copticum seed extract. Akhtar, MS; Ghayur, MN; Gilani, AH; Jabeen, Q; Janbaz, KH, 2005)	0.33
" However, these pollutants require 2-4 orders of magnitude higher IC50 to inhibit the activity of progesterone in a similar dose-response manner to mifepristone."	( Evaluation of soot particles of biomass fuels with endocrine-modulating activity in yeast-based bioassay. Kettrup, A; Schramm, KW; Wang, J; Xie, P, 2005)	0.33
" The rate of caudate cell and the length of DNA migration increased with the escalation of dosing level."	( [Comparative study on the genotoxicity of gasoline-fueled vehicle exhaust and methanol-fueled vehicle exhaust]. Huang, WB; Lai, CC; Li, CQ; Liang, Y; Wu, DS; Zhang, Q; Zhang, ZZ, 2005)	0.56
"Based on the results of the present study, we conclude that PEFR in wood workers is impaired and the stratification of results shows a dose-response effect of years of wood dust exposure on its value."	( Effects of duration of exposure to wood dust on peak expiratory flow rate among workers in small scale wood industries. Meo, SA, 2004)	0.32
" Both the methods have been applied to the determination of lisinopril in pharmaceutical dosage forms."	( Application of pi-acceptors to the spectrophotometric determination of lisinopril in commercial dosage forms. Anwar, N; Kashif, M; Rahman, N, )	0.13
" The mutagenicity increased obviously when S9 was used and showed a good dose-response relationship."	( [Comparative study on the mutagenicity of the gasoline-fueled vehicle exhaust and methanol-fueled vehicle exhaust]. Cai, C; Gou, XJ; Liang, Y; Lin, C; Ran, Y; Wu, D; Zhang, ZZ, 2005)	0.55
", until approximately day 80), the H(2)-fed bioreactor showed the best ability to completely dechlorinate the dosed PCE (0."	( Comparative study of methanol, butyrate, and hydrogen as electron donors for long-term dechlorination of tetrachloroethene in mixed anerobic cultures. Aulenta, F; Gossett, JM; Majone, M; Papini, MP; Rossetti, S, 2005)	0.65
" The 80% 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical inhibitory activity by the EtOAc extract was observed at a concentration of 5 mug/mL, and at the same dosage there was a similar free radical scavenging activity for (-)-ascorbic acid and (+)-catechin, both of which are well-known antioxidants."	( Phenolic antioxidants from the heartwood of Acacia confusa. Chang, ST; Kuo, YH; Shyur, LF; Tung, YT; Wang, SY; Wu, JH, 2005)	0.33
" The use of high temperature may decrease or even take the place of the need for continuous redox mediator dosage in bioreactors, contrarily to the evident effect of those compounds on dye reduction under mesophilic conditions."	( Azo dye reduction by mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic consortia. Cervantes, FJ; de Madrid, MP; Dos Santos, AB; Stams, AJ; van Lier, JB, )	0.13
"Two simple and accurate methods of analysis to determine pioglitazone hydrochloride (PIO) and mefformin hydrochloride (MET) in combined dosage forms were developed using second-derivative spectrophotometry and reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC)."	( Estimation of pioglitazone hydrochloride and metformin hydrochloride in tablets by derivative spectrophotometry and liquid chromatographic methods. Bhatt, KK; Geetha, M; Mehta, RS; Modi, VD; Patel, BJ; Shah, DA; Shankar, MB, )	0.13
"A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method with evaporative light scattering detection (RP-HPLC-ELSD) was developed for the quantitative determination of the terpene trilactones, ginkgolide A, B, C and J and the sesquiterpene, bilobalide in Ginkgo biloba solid oral dosage forms."	( Determination of terpene trilactones in Ginkgo biloba solid oral dosage forms using HPLC with evaporative light scattering detection. Dubber, MJ; Kanfer, I, 2006)	0.33
" Results demonstrated that at the dosage of 10 mg/g, the heartwood and sapwood essential oils of Calocedrus macrolepis var."	( Anti-termitic activities of essential oils from coniferous trees against Coptotermes formosanus. Chang, HT; Chang, ST; Cheng, SS; Wu, CL, 2007)	0.34
" The association between length of exposure and COPD suggested a dose-response pattern."	( Wood smoke exposure and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Antó, JM; Garcia-Aymerich, J; Gea, J; Orozco-Levi, M; Ramírez-Sarmiento, A; Villar, J, 2006)	0.33
" The proposed methods were checked using laboratory-prepared mixtures and were successfully applied for the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations containing the above drugs with no interference from other dosage form additives."	( Determination of nifuroxazide and drotaverine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations by three independent analytical methods. Abdelkawy, M; Metwally, FH; Naguib, IA, )	0.13
" Moreover, they release the requirement for dosage of pure oxygen and thereby can facilitate the scale-up of the production process."	( Oxygen-limited control of methanol uptake for improved production of a single-chain antibody fragment with recombinant Pichia pastoris. Hoffmann, F; Khatri, NK, 2006)	0.63
" It is concluded that lung function in wood workers is impaired and stratification of results shows a dose-response effect of years of wood dust exposure on lung function."	( Lung function in Pakistani wood workers. Meo, SA, 2006)	0.33
" Dose-response experiments showed an exposure concentration of 4% v/v was required to elicit significant plasma steroid reductions."	( Effects of kraft pulp mill condensates on plasma testosterone levels in mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus). Belknap, AM; Dubé, MG; Hewitt, LM; MacLatchy, DL; Shaughnessy, KS, 2007)	0.34
" In order to prevent immunological reactions which might be produced by multiple dosing of formate dehydrogenase and to prolong the serum half life of the enzyme, the N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester of methoxy polyethylene glycol propionic acid (mPEG-SPA 5000) was conjugated to native formate dehydrogenase."	( Modification of allergenicity and immunogenicity of formate dehydrogenase by conjugation with linear mono methoxy poly ethylene glycol: improvement in detoxification of formate in methanol poisoning. Manikandan, S; Muthuvel, A; Rajamani, R; Senthilvelan, M; Sheeladevi, R, 2006)	0.53
" The proposed developed HPTLC method can be applied for identification and quantitative determination of imatinib mesylate in bulk drug and dosage forms."	( Stability-indicating HPTLC determination of imatinib mesylate in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage form. Musmade, P; Subramanian, G; Vadera, N, 2007)	0.34
"A rapid and sensitive assay for quantitative determination of rutin in oral dosage forms based on isocratic reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was developed and validated."	( Isocratic RP-HPLC method for rutin determination in solid oral dosage forms. Ilić, K; Ivković, B; Kuntić, V; Mićić, S; Pejić, N; Vujić, Z; Vukojević, V, 2007)	0.34
" In order to determine the proper timing of assessments and to identify the most active extract, a 100mg/kg dosage of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol crude extracts were tested on SPP after 15, 30 and 60min of the administration."	( Pharmacological evaluation of the anxiolytic and sedative effects of Tilia americana L. var. mexicana in mice. Aguirre-Hernández, E; González-Trujano, ME; Martínez, AL; Moreno, J; Soto-Hernández, M; Vibrans, H, 2007)	0.54
" The method has been successfully used to analyze commercial dosage form to assess the chromatographic performance of SFC system which was found to be 99."	( Effect of system variables involved in packed column supercritical fluid chromatography of stavudine taken as model analyte using response surface methodology along with study of thermodynamic parameters. Agrawal, H; Kaul, N; Mahadik, KR; Paradkar, AR, 2007)	0.34
" Although initial response to all pediatric poisonings begins with basic stabilization, knowledge of specific antidotes, their mechanisms of action, safety profile in pediatrics, and dosing regimens can be life-saving for pediatric victims of nerve gas exposure, acetaminophen toxicity, methanol and ethylene glycol ingestion, and snakebites."	( Update on antidotes for pediatric poisoning. Liebelt, EL; White, ML, 2006)	0.51
" The dose-response effect was evaluated and a MEX-dependent cytoxicity evidenced."	( Dielectric properties of the plasma membrane of cultured murine fibroblasts treated with a nonterpenoid extract of Azadirachta indica seeds. Bonincontro, A; Di Ilio, V; Pedata, O; Risuleo, G, 2007)	0.34
"A column high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of glucosamine in dosage forms."	( Development of a simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method for determination of glucosamine in pharmaceutical formulations. Ansarin, M; Ghaderi, F; Nemati, M; Valizadeh, H, )	0.13
"A simple, novel, sensitive, and specific spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the determination of azithromycin (AZ), clarithromycin (CLA), and roxithromycin (ROX) in bulk powders and their dosage forms."	( Development and validation of a spectrophotometric method for the determination of macrolide antibiotics by using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Abdelmageed, OH, )	0.13
"The patient was treated with the established dosing regimen for fomepizole and the measured S-fomepizole levels throughout the treatment were adequate; the S-methanol elimination also suggests that methanol metabolism was blocked."	( Extremely slow formate elimination in severe methanol poisoning: a fatal case report. Hovda, KE; Jacobsen, D; McMartin, K; Mundal, H; Urdal, P, )	0.59
" By means of NUR tests, the wastewater characteristics and kinetic parameters can be estimated, which are used to determine the denitrification potential of wastewater, to calculate the denitrification potential of the plant and to predict the nitrate effluent quality, as well as provide information for developing carbon dosage control strategy."	( Denitrification potential enhancement by addition of external carbon sources in a pre-denitrification process. Ma, Y; Peng, YZ; Wang, SY, 2007)	0.34
" Depending on dosage (0."	( A dietary supplement for female sexual dysfunction, Avlimil, stimulates the growth of estrogen-dependent breast tumors (MCF-7) implanted in ovariectomized athymic nude mice. Doerge, DR; Helferich, WG; Ju, YH, 2008)	0.35
" The effects of chemical type, dosage and temperature were of interest."	( Coagulation of wood extractives in chemical pulp bleaching filtrate by cationic polyelectrolytes. Leiviskä, T; Rämö, J, 2008)	0.35
" The proposed method can be useful in the quality control of bulk manufacturing and pharmaceutical dosage forms."	( Stability-indicating reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of simvastatin and ezetimibe from their combination drug products. Chaudhari, BG; Patel, NM; Shah, PB, )	0.13
" A dose-response relationship between cumulative wood dust exposure and percent annual decrease in FEV(1) was suggested for female workers."	( Longitudinal lung function decline and wood dust exposure in the furniture industry. Jacobsen, G; Schaumburg, I; Schlünssen, V; Sigsgaard, T; Taudorf, E, 2008)	0.35
" WD was associated with an 82-93% increased risk of squamous cell, small cell and adenocarcinoma of the lung and more than twice the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity, nasopharynx and hypopharynx, with a significant dose-response relationship."	( Wood dust exposure and the risk of upper aero-digestive and respiratory cancers in males. Jayaprakash, V; Moysich, KB; Natarajan, KK; Natarajan, N; Ramnath, N; Reid, ME; Rigual, NR, 2008)	0.35
"A nationwide yearly cycle of indoor residual spraying (IRS) with a pyrethroid, alphacypermethrin, at a dosage of 50 mg/m(2) was instituted in 2004 in the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe."	( Rapid control of malaria by means of indoor residual spraying of alphacypermethrin in the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe. Chang, WC; Ferreira, MC; Lien, JC; Rampão, HS; Tseng, LF; Wu, CH, 2008)	0.35
" Modelling results indicated reduction in methanol dosage by implementing an idle time between aerobic and anoxic phases."	( Modelling of an oil refinery wastewater treatment plant. Amy, G; Brdjanovic, D; Janssen, AJ; López-Vázquez, CM; Meijer, SC; Moussa, MS; Pinzón Pardo, AL; Van Loosdrecht, MC; Van Straten, HH, 2007)	0.6
" The tests have been carried out in three stages: validation of the applicator design, determination of the lethal dosage as a function of the insect position and the maximum wood temperature allowed and statement of safe operation procedures."	( Microwave disinfestation of bulk timber. Balbastre, JV; de los Reyes, E; Gordillo, J; Martínez, A; Muñoz, EM; Plaza, PJ; Sanchís, R; Zona, AT, 2007)	0.34
" Slurries with four particle size ranges (33 microm < x < or = 75 microm, 150 microm < x < or = 180 microm, 295 microm < x < or = 425 microm, and 590 microm < x < or = 850 microm) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using an enzyme dosage of 15 filter paper units per gram of cellulose at 50 degrees C and 250 rpm in shaker flasks."	( The effect of particle size on hydrolysis reaction rates and rheological properties in cellulosic slurries. Dasari, RK; Eric Berson, R, 2007)	0.34
" dosage of garlic in comparison with 250 mg/kg body wt."	( Attenuation of streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress in hepatic and intestinal tissues of Wistar rat by methanolic-garlic extract. Rajani Kanth, V; Raju, TN; Uma Maheswara Reddy, P, 2008)	0.56
" According to an individual-based model constructed from the data, the level of attenuation was high, and thus there would be substantial bias in derived dose-response relationships."	( Variability and determinants of wood dust and resin acid exposure during wood pellet production: measurement strategies and bias in assessing exposure-response relationships. Eriksson, K; Hagström, K; Liljelind, I; Lundholm, C, 2008)	0.35
" From day 252 onwards, methanol was dosed to the reactor as co-substrate at a loading rate of 3-6 mmol/L/day to stimulate growth of methylotrophic methanogens."	( Anaerobic methanethiol degradation and methanogenic community analysis in an alkaline (pH 10) biological process for liquefied petroleum gas desulfurization. Bonilla-Salinas, M; Bruning, H; de Bok, FA; Janssen, AJ; Lens, PN; Stams, AJ; van Leerdam, RC, 2008)	0.66
" She received fomepizole at dosing corrected for hemodialysis(HD), and bicarbonate via multiple boluses and continuous infusion."	( Head CT in patient with metabolic acidosis. Babu, KM; Boyer, EW; Rosenbaum, CD, 2008)	0.35
" (Fairfield, NJ, USA) to accurately map the fate of drug in mice and it would also enable to better design drug dosing scheme for its maximum efficiency."	( Overcoming extractability hurdles of a 14C labeled taxane analogue milataxel and its metabolite from xenograft mouse tumor and brain tissues. Bielawski, M; Connolly, P; Safarpour, H; Tong, X; Wilcox, E, 2009)	0.35
"Individualization of topotecan dosing reduces inter-patient variability in topotecan exposure, presumably reducing toxicity and increasing efficacy."	( Application of a highly specific and sensitive fluorescent HPLC method for topotecan lactone in whole blood. Bai, F; Fraga, CH; Hubbard, KE; Miller, L; Panetta, JC; Schaiquevich, P; Stewart, CF, 2009)	0.35
"The use of solid dispersions for oral dosage forms can increase the dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs."	( Anomalous properties of spray dried solid dispersions. Al-Obaidi, H; Brocchini, S; Buckton, G, 2009)	0.35
" After 96 h methanol induction, a bell-shaped correlation curve was observed between gene dosage and protein yield, and the maximum PIP expression level of 181 mg l(-1) was achieved by a 12-copy strain."	( Efficient generation of multi-copy strains for optimizing secretory expression of porcine insulin precursor in yeast Pichia pastoris. Chu, J; Guo, M; Tang, Z; Zhang, M; Zhang, S; Zhu, T; Zhuang, Y, 2009)	0.73
" The effects of contact time, initial concentration of metal ions, adsorbent dosage and temperature have been reported."	( Adsorption of copper (II), chromium (III), nickel (II) and lead (II) ions from aqueous solutions by meranti sawdust. Ahmad, A; Hashim, R; Rafatullah, M; Sulaiman, O, 2009)	0.35
" (15)Nitrate was added to dosing water at 50 mg L(-1) and effluent was collected and analyzed for NO(3)-N, NH(4)-N, and dissolved organic carbon."	( Denitrification in wood chip bioreactors at different water flows. Greenan, CM; Jaynes, DB; Kaspar, TC; Moorman, TB; Parkin, TB, )	0.13
" An appropriate dosing strategy (repeated pulse dosing) combined with the choice of vitamin B(12) as the cobalt species is suggested as a promising dosing strategy for methanol-fed anaerobic bioreactors limited by the micronutrient cobalt."	( Effect of vitamin B12 pulse addition on the performance of cobalt deprived anaerobic granular sludge bioreactors. Bartacek, J; Fermoso, FG; Lens, PN, 2010)	0.56
" The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the interaction of four variables: the percentage of WFO in the mixed feedstock, the methanol-to-oil ratio, the dosage of Novozym 435 as a catalyst and the temperature."	( Improving fatty acid methyl ester production yield in a lipase-catalyzed process using waste frying oils as feedstock. Azócar, L; Ciudad, G; Heipieper, HJ; Muñoz, R; Navia, R, 2010)	0.56
"The limited data available suggest that fomepizole, using the same dosage regimen as that used for adults, is efficacious and well tolerated in pediatric patients."	( Fomepizole for the treatment of pediatric ethylene and diethylene glycol, butoxyethanol, and methanol poisonings. Brent, J, 2010)	0.58
" The variables which were significant regarding cake DS increase in filtration or centrifugation and flocculant dosage needed in filtration were different from those which were significant regarding flux."	( Correlation of wood-based components and dewatering properties of waste activated sludge from pulp and paper industry. Alén, R; Grönroos, A; Kyllönen, H; Lehto, J; Pakkanen, H; Pirkonen, P, 2010)	0.36
" All treatments at the same dosage (100 mmol/kg) were administered to the abdominal cavity of PO-induced hyperuricemic mice, and serum uric acid level was measured at 3 h after administration."	( Phytochemicals from Acacia confusa heartwood extracts reduce serum uric acid levels in oxonate-induced mice: their potential use as xanthine oxidase inhibitors. Chang, ST; Chen, CS; Hsu, CA; Huang, CC; Tung, YT; Yang, SC, 2010)	0.36
" Contrary to our hypothesis, we observed modest decreased risks with exposure to wood dust, although no dose-response relationship was apparent."	( Wood dust exposure and risk of lung cancer. Bhatti, P; Camp, J; Morgan, M; Newcomer, L; Onstad, L; Teschke, K; Vaughan, TL, 2011)	0.37
" Suggestive evidence for an inverse association may be attributable to the presence of endotoxin in the wood dust, but the lack of a dose-response relationship suggests a non-causal relationship."	( Wood dust exposure and risk of lung cancer. Bhatti, P; Camp, J; Morgan, M; Newcomer, L; Onstad, L; Teschke, K; Vaughan, TL, 2011)	0.37
" The effects of temperature, time, methanol dosage and [Bmim][Ac] dosage on the methanolysis reaction were examined."	( Methanolysis of polycarbonate catalysed by ionic liquid [Bmim][Ac]. Ge, X; Li, L; Liu, F; Lv, Z; Yu, S, 2011)	2.09
"5ppm) and EtOH(500ppm) + NAA(10ppm)), was then applied to six diverse species of microalgae to determine if the treatment dosage was effective for other freshwater and marine green algae, cyanobacteria, coccolithophore, and diatoms."	( The effect of naphthalene-acetic acid on biomass productivity and chlorophyll content of green algae, coccolithophore, diatom, and cyanobacterium cultures. Chinnasamy, S; Das, KC; Hunt, RW, 2011)	0.37
"In this study, a strategy to reduce enzyme dosage is evaluated by applying two post-treatments, oxygen delignification and mechanical refining."	( Reduction of enzyme dosage by oxygen delignification and mechanical refining for enzymatic hydrolysis of green liquor-pretreated hardwood. Chang, HM; Jameel, H; Koo, BW; Park, S; Phillips, RB; Treasure, TH, 2011)	0.37
" The inhibition of oedema formation increased with increasing dosage from 25 to 100mg/kg."	( Analgesic effects and anti-inflammatory properties of the crude methanolic extract of Schwenckia americana Linn (Solanaceae). Abdullahi, N; Adebisi, I; Chika, A; Jimoh, AO; Umar, MT, 2011)	0.61
" Vapor phase and liquid phase dosing of the clays/minerals/humins fraction of the soil with PCP resulted in an EPR signal identical to that observed in the contaminated soil, strongly suggesting the observed EPFR is pentachlorophenoxyl radical."	( Detection of environmentally persistent free radicals at a superfund wood treating site. Cook, R; dela Cruz, AL; Dellinger, B; Gehling, W; Lomnicki, S, 2011)	0.37
" Fisher's exact test determined significant differences in the proportion of ethanol and fomepizole-treated cases with medication error and univariate logistic regression identified risk factors associated with harmful dosage errors."	( Medication errors associated with the use of ethanol and fomepizole as antidotes for methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning. Baker, JL; Daws, DE; Dewitt, CR; Erhardt, GD; Kennedy, JR; Lepik, KJ; Levy, AR; Purssell, RA; Sobolev, BG, 2011)	0.59
" Cigarette smoke exhibits an independent dose-response risk of LBW after adjusting for confounders."	( Low birth weight and prenatal exposure to indoor pollution from tobacco smoke and wood fuel smoke: a matched case-control study in Gaza Strip. Abusalah, A; Benos, A; Gavana, M; Haidich, AB; Papadakis, N; Papanikolaou, A; Smyrnakis, E, 2012)	0.38
" The influence of three frequently used antibiotics, copper dosed as CuSO(4), sulfadiazine (SDZ), and difloxacin (DIF), on the anaerobic digestion process of pig manure was studied in semi-continuous experiments."	( Short term effects of copper, sulfadiazine and difloxacin on the anaerobic digestion of pig manure at low organic loading rates. Clemens, J; Dong, R; Guo, J; Ostermann, A; Siemens, J, 2012)	0.38
" Consequently, dosing strategies for these compounds could benefit from the development and application of molecular activity biomarkers to infer and distinguish between methanol- or glycerol-based denitrification in activated sludge."	( Alcohol dehydrogenase expression as a biomarker of denitrification activity in activated sludge using methanol and glycerol as electron donors. Chandran, K; Lu, H; Nuruzzaman, F; Ravindhar, J, 2011)	0.78
" Conversely, high catalyst dosage mainly accelerated the conversion of glucose to methyl levulinate."	( Reaction pathways of glucose during esterification: effects of reaction parameters on the formation of humin type polymers. Hu, X; Larcher, A; Li, CZ; Lievens, C, 2011)	0.37
" There was weak evidence that burning wood in a closed burner to heat the home increased the risk, but there was no dose-response relationship and chance could explain the finding."	( Refuelling of vehicles, the use of wood burners and the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in childhood. Armstrong, BK; Attia, J; Bailey, HD; Daubenton, JD; de Klerk, NH; Fritschi, L; Milne, E, 2011)	0.37
" A sensitivity analysis was performed to check 1) the robustness of the results to the choice of weights used for defining the exposure indicator, 2) the effect of outliers on risk estimates and 3) the sensitivity on the functional form used for modeling the dose-response function."	( Proximity to wood industries and respiratory symptoms in children: a sensitivity analysis. Cazzoletti, L; Crainicianu, C; de Marco, R; Marcon, A; Pironi, V; Rava, M; Ricci, P; Silocchi, C, 2012)	0.38
" The taste masked complexes can be potentially developed as suitable dosage forms for pediatric use."	( Tannate complexes of antihistaminic drug: sustained release and taste masking approaches. Berendt, RT; Khan, MA; Rahman, Z; Zidan, AS, 2012)	0.38
" Moreover, other valuable information such as the amount of ammonia nitrified, failures in DO measurements, excessive stirring during the anoxic stage and methanol dosage in the aerobic phase was also provided by the pH and ORP profiles."	( Monitoring pH and ORP in a SHARON reactor. Aguado, D; Claros, J; Ferrer, J; Seco, A; Serralta, J, 2011)	0.57
" The proposed methods were successfully applied to the analysis of bumadizone either in bulk powder or in pharmaceutical formulation without interference from other dosage form additives, and the results were statistically compared with the established method."	( Simultaneous HPTLC and RP-HPLC methods for determination of bumadizone in the presence of its alkaline-induced degradation product. Abdelkawy, M; Ali, NW; Magdy, MA; ZaaZaa, HA, 2012)	0.38
" Furthermore, the method was successfully applied to the analysis of hair specimens from rats that were continuously dosed with diphenyl(pyrrolidin-2-yl)methanol (D2PM)."	( Rapid enantiomeric separation and simultaneous determination of phenethylamines by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence and mass spectrometric detection: application to the analysis of illicit drugs distributed in the Japanese ma Goda, Y; Higashi, T; Hirashima, H; Inagaki, S; Kikura-Hanajiri, R; Min, JZ; Taniguchi, S; Toyo'oka, T, 2012)	0.58
"The objective of the current investigation was to study the degradation behavior of irinotecan hydrochloride under different International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) recommended stress conditions using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and to establish a validated stability-indicating reverse-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of irinotecan hydrochloride and its seven impurities and degradation products in pharmaceutical dosage forms."	( UPLC and LC-MS studies on degradation behavior of irinotecan hydrochloride and development of a validated stability-indicating ultra-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of irinotecan hydrochloride and its impurities in pharmaceutic Kumar, N; Reddy, SP; Sangeetha, D, 2012)	0.38
"A reproducible, rapid and sensitive method has been developed for the assay of chlorzoxazone (CHL), paracetamol (PCM) and aceclofenac (ACE) in their combined solid dosage forms using packed-column supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC)."	( Development and validation of packed column supercritical fluid chromatographic technique for quantification of chlorzoxazone, paracetamol and aceclofenac in their individual and combined dosage forms. Desai, PP; Mehta, PJ; Patel, NR; Sherikar, OD, 2012)	0.38
" The methanol yield as a function of irradiation time and catalysts dosage were monitored by the gas chromatographic analysis (GD-FID) of water samples collected at prescribed intervals."	( Pulsed laser-induced photocatalytic reduction of greenhouse gas CO2 into methanol: A value-added hydrocarbon product over SiC. Ali, MA; Chang, XF; Gondal, MA; Shen, K; Xu, QY; Yamani, ZH, 2012)	1.12
" This method was successfully applied to the determination of BPAF in tissues, serum, urine and feces of orally dosed rats."	( Determination of bisphenol AF (BPAF) in tissues, serum, urine and feces of orally dosed rats by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Shao, B; Wu, Y; Yang, Y; Yin, J; Zhang, J; Zhou, N, 2012)	0.38
" Laboratory results indicated that with the addition of 10-15% (v/v) methanol to the glutaraldehyde and EDDS double combination, mitigation of planktonic SRB growth in ATCC 1249 medium and a diluted medium turned from inhibition to a kill effect while the chelator dosage was cut from 2,000 to 1,000 ppm."	( A green triple biocide cocktail consisting of a biocide, EDDS and methanol for the mitigation of planktonic and sessile sulfate-reducing bacteria. Gu, T; Raad, I; Wen, J; Xu, D, 2012)	0.85
" These results indicate that the method can be successfully used in order to assay SCD in a nanoemulsion dosage form, and that this formulation has a protective effect over SCD degradation."	( Development of a stability-indicating LC method for determination of a synthetic chalcone derivative in a nanoemulsion dosage form and identification of the main photodegradation product by LC-MS. Andrighetti-Frohner, CR; Barreto, F; Deponti, VB; Koester, LS; Mattos, CB; Nunes, RJ; Simões, CM; Steindel, M; Teixeira, HF, 2012)	0.38
" DHQ was more effective in restraining soy bean oil oxidation, and a dose-response relationship was observed."	( Extraction of dihydroquercetin from Larix gmelinii with ultrasound-assisted and microwave-assisted alternant digestion. Ma, C; Wang, W; Yang, F; Yang, L; Zhao, C; Zu, Y, 2012)	0.38
" When measured concentrations were outside the target, the adjustment in ethanol dosing (or lack thereof) was deemed inappropriate 59% of the time, including 69% of the time during hemodialysis."	( The safety of ethanol infusions for the treatment of methanol or ethylene glycol intoxication: an observational study. Johanson, C; Kanji, S; Natarajan, S; Patel, R; Wedge, MK, 2012)	0.63
" The developed spectrophotometric methods depend on determination of MEH and DF in the combined dosage form using the successive derivative ratio spectra method which depends on derivatization of the obtained ratio spectra in two steps using methanol as a solvent and measuring MEH at 226."	( Validated chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods for analysis of some amoebicide drugs in their combined pharmaceutical preparation. Abdelaleem, EA; Abdelwahab, NS, 2013)	0.57
"Three simple, specific, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods depending on the proper selection of two wavelengths are developed for the simultaneous determination of Amlodipine besylate (AML) and Atorvastatin calcium (ATV) in tablet dosage forms."	( Three different methods for determination of binary mixture of Amlodipine and Atorvastatin using dual wavelength spectrophotometry. Darwish, HW; El-Zeany, BA; Hassan, SA; Salem, MY, 2013)	0.39
" Further research is needed to understand the physiological responses underlying the adverse effects of woodsmoke exposure, and the dose-response relationship between woodsmoke exposure and inflammatory responses."	( Inflammatory effects of woodsmoke exposure among wildland firefighters working at prescribed burns at the Savannah River Site, SC. Adetona, O; Carter, JD; Commodore, AA; Diaz-Sanchez, D; Hejl, AM; Naeher, LP; Rathbun, SL, 2013)	0.39
" Fortunately, the energy consumption was compensated by the reduced enzyme dosage and the elevated ethanol yield."	( Evaluation energy efficiency of bioconversion knot rejects to ethanol in comparison to other thermochemically pretreated biomass. Li, Z; Qin, M; Tian, G; Wang, Z; Zhu, JY, 2013)	0.39
" At the same dosage applied, PDADMAC resulted in a higher adsorption of lignocelluloses on PCC than CPAM did due to its higher charge density."	( Improving the adsorption of lignocelluloses of prehydrolysis liquor on precipitated calcium carbonate. Fatehi, P; Hamdan, FC; Ni, Y; Shen, J, 2013)	0.39
" Baseline levels of acetaldehyde, acetone, methanol and ethanol could be measured in patients before dosing commenced and an increase in levels of some volatiles were observed in several neonates after receiving ethanol-containing medications."	( GC-MS analysis of ethanol and other volatile compounds in micro-volume blood samples--quantifying neonatal exposure. Cordell, RL; Hubbard, M; Monks, PS; Pandya, H; Turner, MA, 2013)	0.65
" Both termite species demonstrated a dose-response to wood treated with the two pyrethroids; less wood was consumed as retention increased."	( International field trials of pyrethroid-treated wood exposed to Coptotermes acinaciformis in Australia and Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in China and the United States. Brown, KS; Creffield, JW; Curole, JP; Evans, TA; Freytag, ED; Hague, JR; Kard, BM; Lenz, M; Scown, DK; Shupe, TF; Smith, WR; Zhong, JH, 2013)	0.39
" The developed method was suitable for pharmacokinetic studies and this preliminary study also revealed significant absorption after oral dosing in rats."	( Simultaneous quantification of flavonoids in blood plasma by a high-performance liquid chromatography method after oral administration of Blumea balsamifera leaf extracts in rats. Ismail, Z; Karupiah, S; Mohamed, N; Nessa, F, 2013)	0.39
"We found a dose-response relationship between the current formaldehyde exposure levels and DNA strand breaks and between duration of exposure and chromosome damage in the PB lymphocytes of plywood workers."	( Occupational exposure to formaldehyde and genetic damage in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of plywood workers. Deng, H; Guan, L; Guo, Y; He, Y; Hu, D; Huang, K; Kuang, D; Li, X; Lin, D; McHale, CM; Wu, T; Yi, J; Zhang, L; Zhang, X; Zhang, Z; Zheng, H, 2013)	0.39
" The results demonstrated that [Bmim]Im exhibited high activity and the yield of biodiesel was up to 95% or more when molar ratio of methanol to vegetable oil was 6:1, ionic liquid dosage was 6 wt."	( Biodiesel production using alkaline ionic liquid and adopted as lubricity additive for low-sulfur diesel fuel. Fan, W; Li, Y; Luo, H; Nan, G, 2013)	0.59
"2% under the optimum experimental conditions that are methanol/oil molar ratio of 9:1, catalyst dosage of 3 wt%, temperature of 65 °C and reaction time of 180 min."	( Biodiesel fuel production from waste cooking oil by the inclusion complex of heteropoly acid with bridged bis-cyclodextrin. Huang, S; Luo, P; Shi, L; Zhao, P; Zou, C, 2013)	0.64
" The dosage of the supplementation was 200 mg/day for at least 6 months."	( Improved management of primary chronic fatigue syndrome with the supplement French oak wood extract (Robuvit®): a pilot, registry evaluation. Belcaro, G; Cesarone, MR; Cornelli, U; Dugall, M; Feragalli, B; Hu, S; Ippolito, E; Luzzi, R; Pellegrini, L, 2014)	0.4
" The method is suitable for pharmacokinetic (PK) studies of the parent drug NL-1 based on the preliminary serum results from dosed NL-1 mouse studies."	( A quantitative LC-MS/MS method for determination of thiazolidinedione mitoNEET ligand NL-1 in mouse serum suitable for pharmacokinetic studies. Anderson, DJ; Carroll, RT; Geldenhuys, WJ; Jogiraju, H; Lin, L; Pedada, KK; Zhou, X, 2014)	0.4
" The optimal dosage of lipase-bound MNP was 40% (w/w of oil) and there was little difference between stepwise addition of methanol at 12 h- and 24 h-intervals."	( Optimized production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil by lipase immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles. Huang, LY; Kuan, IC; Lee, SL; Yu, CY, 2013)	0.6
" Results showed that the cellulase treatment was effective in increasing the Fock reactivity, at a cellulase dosage of 2u/g (based on the dry weight of pulp), the Fock reactivity increased from 47."	( A process for enhancing the accessibility and reactivity of hardwood kraft-based dissolving pulp for viscose rayon production by cellulase treatment. Chen, L; Huang, L; Miao, Q; Ni, Y; Tian, C; Zheng, L, 2014)	0.4
" Dosing the films on the interdigitated electrodes with methanol, ethanol, chloroform and toluene vapors increased the film resistance of CNT-CS but decreased the resistance of CNT-CS-PCL compared to that of the reported transducers."	( Chitosan and chitosan-co-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) grafted multiwalled carbon nanotube transducers for vapor sensing. Akhtar, S; Chatterjee, S; Ha, CS; Mishra, S; Rana, VK; Singh, RP, 2014)	0.65
"3%, thus a flow-through dissolution apparatus was recommended for testing prolonged release dosage forms."	( The effect of polysorbate 20 on solubility and stability of candesartan cilexetil in dissolution media. Hoppe, K; Sznitowska, M, 2014)	0.4
" Incision and dead space wounds were also created in rats which were subsequently dosed orally with the extract."	( Wound healing and antibacterial properties of methanolic extract of Pupalia lappacea Juss in rats. Anyanwu, MU; Muogbo, CC; Nwaehujor, CO; Udegbunam, RI; Udegbunam, SO, 2014)	0.66
" Hardwood biomass residues were efficiently digested at low enzyme dosage (5 FPU/g cellulose) whereas the softwood residues required notably higher enzyme dosage (20 FPU) for sufficient conversion."	( Enzymatic hydrolysis of hardwood and softwood harvest residue fibers released by sulfur dioxide-ethanol-water fractionation. Bankar, S; Iakovlev, M; Tunc, MS; van Heiningen, A; Yamamoto, M, 2014)	0.4
" The extent of MG adsorption onto modified sawdust increased with increasing organic acid concentrations, pH, contact time, and temperature but decreased with increasing adsorbent dosage and ionic strength."	( Removal of malachite green dye from wastewater by different organic acid-modified natural adsorbent: kinetics, equilibriums, mechanisms, practical application, and disposal of dye-loaded adsorbent. Leng, L; Liao, K; Peng, L; Peng, X; Wang, H; Xiao, Z; Yuan, X; Zeng, G, 2014)	0.4
"01) the child's birth was associated with increased risk of CBT, but dose-response relationships were weak or absent."	( Vehicle refuelling, use of domestic wood heaters and the risk of childhood brain tumours: Results from an Australian case-control study. Armstrong, BK; Ashton, LJ; Attia, J; Fritschi, L; Greenop, KR; Heath, JA; Hinwood, AL; Milne, E; Scott, RJ, 2015)	0.42
" The impact of variables, including initial dye concentration (mg/L), pH, adsorbent dosage (g), sonication time (min) and temperature (°C) on SY removal were studied."	( Comparison of ultrasonic with stirrer performance for removal of sunset yellow (SY) by activated carbon prepared from wood of orange tree: artificial neural network modeling. Ghaedi, AM; Ghaedi, M; Karami, P, 2015)	0.42
" Dosing was via single oral gavage dosing in male SD rats, followed by blood collection, metabolite identification, major biomarker quantitation, and pharmacokinetics analysis."	( Comparative metabolism and pharmacokinetics of diisobutyl ketone and diisobutyl carbinol in male SD rats. Ball, NS; Bartels, MJ; Clark, AJ; Hughes, BJ; Lardie, TS; Markham, DA; Staley, JL; Zhang, F, 2015)	0.42
" The aim was to find the optimal dosage of ash addition to enhance the composting process without endangering the final compost characteristics and use."	( Merging two waste streams, wood ash and biowaste, results in improved composting process and end products. Fernández-Delgado Juárez, M; Gómez-Brandón, M; Insam, H, 2015)	0.42
" Clones related to sulfate-reducing Desulfobacterales were the most abundant in the sediment dosed with acetate."	( Biostimulation of petroleum-hydrocarbon-contaminated marine sediment with co-substrate: involved metabolic process and microbial community. Lo, IM; Zhang, Z, 2015)	0.42
" The interaction of NSD with electronically excited states of Rf and with photogenerated reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated through conventional UV spectroscopy, laser flash photolysis, time-resolved phosphorescence detection of singlet molecular oxygen (O2((1)Δg)), and polarographic dosage of dissolved oxygen."	( On the photooxidation of the multifunctional drug niclosamide. A kinetic study in the presence of vitamin B2 and visible light. Challier, C; García, NA; Gatica, E; Massad, W; Miskoski, S; Natera, J; Pajares, A; Possetto, D, 2015)	0.42
" The improved dosage of A-Fe/Ni was found to be beneficial, and higher values of initial concentration, pH, and methanol/water ratio hindered the degradation rate, which, for example, decreased significantly in mixtures with a methanol proportion higher than 50%."	( Debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers by attapulgite-supported Fe/Ni bimetallic nanoparticles: Influencing factors, kinetics and mechanism. Bian, Y; Cheng, Y; Gu, C; Jiang, X; Liu, Z; Song, Y; Wang, F; Yang, X; Ye, M, 2015)	0.63
" Groups IV to IX were dosed daily for 14 days with extract at doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg bwt, respectively, using an intragastric tube."	( Immunomodulatory activity of methanolic leaf extract of Moringa oleifera in Wistar albino rats. Bbosa, GS; Gakunga, J; Kasolo, JN; Nfambi, J; Sembajwe, LF, 2015)	0.71
"9%) after 8 h of injection of antigen in the footpad of rats dosed 500 mg/kg bwt and this later reduced to 25."	( Immunomodulatory activity of methanolic leaf extract of Moringa oleifera in Wistar albino rats. Bbosa, GS; Gakunga, J; Kasolo, JN; Nfambi, J; Sembajwe, LF, 2015)	0.71
" The increase of biochar dosage increased the percentage of lead removal in solutions."	( Sorption of lead by Salisbury biochar produced from British broadleaf hardwood. Al-Tabbaa, A; Jin, F; McMillan, O; Shen, Z; Wang, F, 2015)	0.42
" The uterotrophic bioassay was performed in bilaterally ovariectomized mice dosed from 9(th) to 15(th) day of ovariectomy and change in uterotrophic parameters was observed."	( Abortifacient potential of methanolic extract of Anthocephalus cadamba stem bark in mice. Kala, M; Nivsarkar, M; Ravat, N; Shaikh, MV, 2015)	0.71
"2% dosage with negligible HDSs loss."	( Separation and purification of hemicellulose-derived saccharides from wood hydrolysate by combined process. Fu, Y; Jiang, J; Qin, M; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Zhuang, J, 2015)	0.42
" By the static experiments, effects of reaction time between adsorbent and solvent, dosage of adsorbent, temperature, pH value and initial concentration of uranium were investigated."	( [Absorption of Uranium with Tea Oil Tree Sawdust Modified by Succinic Acid]. Chen, DY; Liu, YS; Peng, Y; Xiong, XY; Zhang, XF, 2015)	0.42
" The results showed that compared with traditional liquefaction, the introduction of MUAT allowed the solvent dosage to be halved and shortened the liquefaction time from 60 to 20 min."	( Rapid and solvent-saving liquefaction of woody biomass using microwave-ultrasonic assisted technology. Fan, L; Liao, Y; Lu, Z; Wang, S; Wu, Z; Zhang, H; Zheng, D, 2016)	0.43
" The developed methods have been successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of both drugs in commercial tablet dosage form."	( Validated derivative and ratio derivative spectrophotometric methods for the simultaneous determination of levocetirizine dihydrochloride and ambroxol hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage form. Ali, OI; Elgohary, RM; Ismail, NS, 2016)	0.43
" xylophilus in winter or spring fumigation at a dosage rate of 158 g/m(3)."	( Comparison of Ethanedinitrile (C2N2) and Metam Sodium for Control of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchidae) and Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Naturally Infested Logs at Low Temperatures. Cho, JH; Lee, BH; Park, CG; Ren, Y; Son, JK, 2014)	0.4
" As a general interpretation, we propose here logarithmic model for robust root phytotoxicity in sorghum, based on biochar Zn content, which explains 66% of variability over the whole dosage range tested."	( Assessing biochar ecotoxicology for soil amendment by root phytotoxicity bioassays. Bandiera, M; Conti, FD; Jones, DL; Malcevschi, A; Menta, C; Vamerali, T; Visioli, G, 2016)	0.43
" The extract caused rightward shift of the Ca(++) dose-response curves, similar to that caused by verapamil, indicating that it produced vasorelaxation by inhibiting extracellular Ca(2+) influx."	( Antihypertensive activity of 80% methanol seed extract of Calpurnia aurea (Ait.) Benth. subsp. aurea (Fabaceae) is mediated through calcium antagonism induced vasodilation. Engidawork, E; Getiye, Y; Tolessa, T, 2016)	0.72
"8]), with evident dose-response effect (p-trends<0."	( Occupational exposure to asthmagens and adult onset wheeze and lung function in people who did not have childhood wheeze: A 50-year cohort study. Devereux, G; Douglas, G; Fielding, S; Semple, S; Tagiyeva, N; Teo, E, 2016)	0.43
"The present research project involves development and validation of a stability-indicating HPTLC method for the estimation of naratriptan-HCl in their pharmaceutical dosage forms and its content uniformity testing."	( Development and Validation of Stability-Indicating HPTLC Method for Estimation of Naratriptan Hydrochloride in Its Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Its Content Uniformity Testing. Bodiwala, KB; Chotalia, J; Marolia, BP; Prajapati, PB; Shah, SA, 2016)	0.43
" The adsorbent dosage and initial concentration showed a significantly greater effect on the removal process over pH or particle sizes."	( Adsorption kinetics and equilibrium study of nitrogen species onto radiata pine (Pinus radiata) sawdust. Faisal Anwar, AH; Harmayani, KD, )	0.13
" Dose-response studies with leachate/runoff samples using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos showed that mortality and developmental defects typically did not occur even at the highest concentration tested, indicating low toxicity, although delayed development did occur."	( Characterization of wood mulch and leachate/runoff from three wood recycling facilities. Giménez, D; Kannepalli, S; Krogmann, U; Miskewitz, R; Strom, PF; Subroy, V, 2016)	0.43
" The maximum reducing sugar yield was 519mg/g under an irradiation dose of 300kGy, a sludge protein dosage of 2mg/mL, an enzymatic hydrolysis temperature of 45°C, an enzymatic hydrolysis time of 84h, and a 90FPU/g enzyme loading."	( Cobalt-60 gamma-ray irradiation pretreatment and sludge protein for enhancing enzymatic saccharification of hybrid poplar sawdust. Wang, L; Xiang, Y, 2016)	0.43
" However, little is known about the fate of micropollutants in post-denitrification systems and the influence of external carbon dosing on their removal."	( Impact of external carbon dose on the removal of micropollutants using methanol and ethanol in post-denitrifying Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors. Bester, K; Christensson, M; Escolà Casas, M; Plósz, BG; Polesel, F; Torresi, E, 2017)	0.69
" In order to obtain the maximum removal of MB dye from wastewater, the adsorption experimental parameters such as initial dye concentration, contact time, solution pH and adsorbent dosage were optimized by trial and error approach."	( Computation of adsorption parameters for the removal of dye from wastewater by microwave assisted sawdust: Theoretical and experimental analysis. A, S; C, R; P, SK; P, SR; S, S, 2017)	0.46
"0% using corn cobs with an enzyme dosage of 5 FPU/g-biomass."	( Characterization of cellulolytic enzyme system of Schizophyllum commune mutant and evaluation of its efficiency on biomass hydrolysis. Champreda, V; Eurwilaichitr, L; Fujii, T; Inoue, H; Kittisenachai, S; Rattanaphanjak, P; Roytrakul, S; Sornlake, W, 2017)	0.46
" The hydrolytic activity and the amount of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) displayed on cell surface increased significantly following optimization of the fusion gene dosage and combination of the homogeneous or heterogeneous cell wall proteins."	( Accurate analysis of fusion expression of Pichia pastoris glycosylphosphatidylinositol-modified cell wall proteins. Chen, M; Fisher, R; Han, S; Liang, S; Lin, Y; Sui, H; Wang, P; Zhang, L; Zheng, S, 2017)	0.46
" We found a linear dose-response relationship (p-value for trend = 0."	( Emergency department visits of young children and long-term exposure to neighbourhood smoke from household heating - The Growing Up in New Zealand child cohort study. Atatoa Carr, PE; Berry, SD; Grant, CC; Lai, HK; Morton, SMB; Tricker, PJ; Verbiest, MEA, 2017)	0.46
" After the cellulase pretreatment (cellulase dosage of 1 mg/g) and CCE process, the cellulose purity was as high as 97."	( Cellulase pretreatment for enhancing cold caustic extraction-based separation of hemicelluloses and cellulose from cellulosic fibers. Chen, L; Huang, L; Li, H; Li, J; Ni, Y; Ouyang, X; Zhang, S, 2018)	0.48
"1% after the HPW catalytic treatment at a dosage of 86."	( Heteropoly acid catalytic treatment for reactivity enhancement and viscosity control of dissolving pulp. Duan, C; Meng, J; Ni, Y; Qin, X; Wang, X; Xu, Y; Zhao, C, 2018)	0.48
"Organic carrier solvents are used in aquatic toxicity testing to improve chemical solubility and facilitate the exploration of dose-response relationships."	( Carroll, AR; Jones, OAH; Leusch, FDL; Melvin, SD, 2018)	0.48
"Measurement of flecainide is useful to optimize dosage and minimize risks of toxicity."	( Rapid Quantitation of Flecainide in Human Plasma for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Using Liquid Chromatography and Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Bainbridge, V; Couchman, L; El-Nahhas, T; Holt, D; Johnston, A; Kipper, K; Povstyan, V; Rahman, M, 2019)	0.51
" Different organic solvents (methanol, ethanol and acetone) were used to disintegrate cellulose at different temperatures (240, 260, 280, 300 and 320 °C), reaction time (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min) and solvents dosage (0, 80, 120, 160 and 200 mL)."	( Effects of liquefaction parameters of cellulose in supercritical solvents of methanol, ethanol and acetone on products yield and compositions. Liao, W; Sun, J; Wang, X; Xie, XA, 2019)	1.03
"The study is conducted to observe and investigate the effects of oral dosing of methanolic extracts of Cuminum nigrum (L) and Centratherum anthelminticum (L) on neuropharmacological activities of mice."	( Comparison of neuropharmacological activities of methanolic extracts of Cuminum nigrum (Linn.) and Centratherum anthelminticum (Linn.) in mice. Ikram, R; Khatoon, H; Mahmood, R; Rizwani, GH, 2019)	1
" Treatment protocols were large dosage of methylprednisolone and B vitamins over 3 months."	( Clinical analysis of severe visual loss caused by inhalational methanol poisoning in a chronic process with acute onset:a retrospective clinical analysis. Jiang, H; Ma, Z; Wang, J, 2019)	0.75
" Therefore, the physicochemical properties of polymorphic forms from active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) should be carefully considered in dosage forms pre-formulation approaches."	( Polymorphic properties and dissolution profile of efavirenz due to solvents recrystallization. Soewandhi, SN; Suendo, V; Wardhana, YW; Wikarsa, S, 2019)	0.51
" cepa L products should not be used for more than seven consecutive days or beyond a dosage of 90 mg/kg."	( Effect of the methanol extract of the red cultivar Allium cepa L. on the serum biochemistry and electrolytes of rats following sub-chronic oral administration. Mshelbwala, MF; Oridupa, OA; Oyewusi, AJ; Oyewusi, IK; Saba, AB, 2019)	0.87
" Exposure to textile dust also generated a significant dose-response relationship for seropositive RA (p for trend=0."	( Occupational exposure to organic dusts and risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis: findings from a Swedish population-based case-control study. Alfredsson, L; Gustavsson, P; Ilar, A; Wiebert, P, 2019)	0.51
" The two batches of barrels built with high and low OTR proved to be very homogeneous and the oxygen dosage of the high OTR barrels was more than twice that of the low OTR barrels, which confirmed the success of the system developed."	( Customized oxygenation barrels as a new strategy for controlled wine aging. Del Alamo-Sanza, M; Martínez-Martínez, V; Nevares, I; Prat-García, S, 2020)	0.56
" While wood quality played a minor role, the dosage of the activation agent was the main parameter controlling the capacity of ABs to eliminate OMP."	( Wood-based activated biochar to eliminate organic micropollutants from biologically treated wastewater. Böhler, M; Bucheli, TD; Hagemann, N; Kägi, R; Maccagnan, A; McArdell, CS; Schmidt, HP; Sigmund, G, 2020)	0.56
" Furthermore, the results indicated that increasing the gene dosage and using protease deficient-trait significantly increased CMC3 and EgII expression under the control of pMOX."	( pMOX: a new powerful promoter for recombinant protein production in yeast Pichia pastoris. Abbasi, A; Alizadeh, H; Arjmand, S; Mombeni, M; Siadat, SOR, 2020)	0.56
" This work analyses the effect of ageing the same red wine in barrels with different oxygenation rates for one year (OTR), specifically the effect on the evolution of anthocyanins, their derivatives and the appearance of new pigments according to the oxygen dosage in barrels."	( Characterization of Anthocyanins and Anthocyanin-Derivatives in Red Wines during Ageing in Custom Oxygenation Oak Wood Barrels. de Freitas, V; Del Alamo-Sanza, M; Mateus, N; Nevares, I; Oliveira, J; Prat-García, S, 2020)	0.56
" The dose-response curves were constructed (more precisely, the duration of exposure-response curves)."	( A quantitative risk assessment of sinonasal cancer as a function of time in workers occupationally exposed to wood dust. Soćko, R, 2021)	0.62
" The effects of the initial pH (2-10) of the dye solution, the adsorbent dosage (0."	( Husk of Agarwood Fruit-Based Hydrogel Beads for Adsorption of Cationic and Anionic Dyes in Aqueous Solutions. Hong, GB; Ma, CM; Yang, BY, 2021)	0.62
" The effects are long lasting, even after stopping the dosage regime for reduction of abdominal pain."	( A Mini Review on Characteristics and Analytical Methods of Otilonium Bromide. Mittal, A; Shrivastava, A, 2022)	0.72
"Exposure to wood smoke is a risk factor for lung cancer; furthermore, this effect maintains a dose-response relationship which has a multiplicative effect with smoking."	( Case-control study about magnitude of exposure to wood smoke and risk of developing lung cancer. Arrieta, O; Báez-Saldaña, R; Canseco-Raymundo, A; Castillo-González, P; Escobar-Rojas, A; Ixcot-Mejía, B; Juárez-Verdugo, I; León-Dueñas, S; Rumbo-Nava, U, 2021)	0.62
" Our aim was to study whether this new dosing for fomepizole during CRRT gave plasma concentrations above the required 10 µmol/L."	( Fomepizole dosing during continuous renal replacement therapy - an observational study. Foreid, S; Froeyshov, S; Holm, P; Hovda, KE; Jacobsen, D; Kvaerner, C; Lao, YE; Latimer, B; Mataric, M; McMartin, K; Vartdal, T, 2022)	0.72
" The new dosing recommendations for fomepizole and CRRT appeared safe, by maintaining the plasma concentration above the minimum value of 10 µmol/L."	( Fomepizole dosing during continuous renal replacement therapy - an observational study. Foreid, S; Froeyshov, S; Holm, P; Hovda, KE; Jacobsen, D; Kvaerner, C; Lao, YE; Latimer, B; Mataric, M; McMartin, K; Vartdal, T, 2022)	0.72
"Plasma concentrations during the repeated dosing confirmed that the recommended dosing schedule, with and without intermittent hemodialysis, maintained therapeutic concentrations throughout the treatments."	( Analysis of Fomepizole Elimination in Methanol- and Ethylene Glycol-Poisoned Patients. Brent, J; McMartin, K, 2022)	0.99
"Two chromatographic methods have been proposed for the simultaneous determination of acefylline piperazine (ACEF) and phenobarbital (PHENO) in presence of methylparaben as additive in pharmaceutical dosage form."	( Validated Smart Different Chromatographic Methods for Selective Quantification of Acefylline Piperazine, Phenobarbital Sodium and Methylparaben Additive in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form. Algmaal, SE; Boltia, SA; El Saharty, YS; Mostafa, NM, 2022)	0.72
" These procedures were successfully applied to bulk, laboratory synthetic mixture, and medicinal dosage forms to use active ingredients quantitatively."	( Determination of active ingredients in antihypertensive drugs using a novel green HPLC method approach. Erk, N; Karimi, F; Mehmandoust, A; Tiris, G, 2022)	0.72
" Using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) approach, operating parameters such as reaction time, microwave power, and catalyst dosing were optimized for SA esterification with MeOH."	( Optimization of microwave-assisted esterification of succinic acid using Box-Behnken design approach. Chakraborty, M; Parikh, PA; Umrigar, V, 2023)	0.91
" Strikingly, our data suggested that compared to two-dimensional (2D) cells the increased intracellular glutamine level in 3D cells benefited replenishing the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle when the glycolysis was limited after dosing with DOX."	( A systematic evaluation of quenching and extraction procedures for quantitative metabolome profiling of HeLa carcinoma cell under 2D and 3D cell culture conditions. Wang, G; Wang, T; Wang, X; Zhuang, Y, 2023)	0.91
"Future studies should focus on better characterization of wood dust allergens and other bioaerosol components, specific immunoglobulin E responses to different wood species, pathophysiological mechanisms underlying asthma, and modelling dose-response relationships using refined exposure metrics for dust particulate and other bioaerosol components."	( Wood dust and asthma. Baatjies, R; Chamba, P; Jeebhay, MF, 2023)	0.91
" The optimized detection parameters delivered specific, sensitive, linear, accurate, precise, and robust quantification of all six analytes in the tablet dosage form."	( RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY ASSISTED ULTRAPERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD OPTIMIZATION FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF SIX FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM USING A DEVELOPED AND VALIDATED UPLC-Q-TOF/MS METHOD. Anilakumar, KR; Dronavajjula, M; Gullapalli, K; Karthika, A; Nagappan, K; Peraman, R, 2023)	0.91
" However, the dose-response relationship of VIPN remains elusive."	( Simultaneous quantification and pharmacokinetics of vincristine and its major metabolite M1 in Chinese pediatric ALL patients by LC-MS/MS. Chen, C; Li, Z; Wu, J; Wu, X; Yao, R; You, G; Yuan, Y; Zhang, S; Zhao, W; Zhu, X, 2023)	0.91
" Based on the outcomes of the acute toxicity evaluation, we opted for three dosage levels: a high dose (1000 mg/kg), a medium dose (500 mg/kg), and a low dose (250 mg/kg)."	( Diuretic activity evaluation and chemical composition analysis of Hedyotis scandens extract from Mizoram, India, in rat models. Lalbiaknii, PC; Lalnunmawia, F; Mehta, SK; Ngamlai, EV; Pradhan, RB; Ralte, V; Vanlalhluna, PC, 2024)	1.44

Product Category	Products
Beauty & Personal Care	2

Product	Brand	Category	Compounds Matched from Ingredients	Date Retrieved
Tree to Tub Exfoliating Body Wash + Cocoa & Shea Butter Lotion Set of 2 -- 8.5 fl oz Each (17 fl oz)	Tree to Tub	Beauty & Personal Care	caprylyl glycol, citric acid, cetearyl alcohol, palm, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, glycerin, lactic acid, wood, phenoxyethanol, sodium hydroxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tree to Tub Gentle Exfoliating Body Wash for Glowing Smooth Skin -- 8.5 fl oz	Tree to Tub	Beauty & Personal Care	caprylyl glycol, citric acid, cellulose acetate, palm, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, wood, phenoxyethanol, sodium hydroxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42

Role	Description
amphiprotic solvent	Self-ionizing solvent possessing both characteristics of Bronsted acids and bases.
fuel	An energy-rich substance that can be transformed with release of usable energy.
human metabolite	Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
Escherichia coli metabolite	Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli.
mouse metabolite	Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus).
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite	Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Mycoplasma genitalium.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
primary alcohol	A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.
alkyl alcohol	An aliphatic alcohol in which the aliphatic alkane chain is substituted by a hydroxy group at unspecified position.
one-carbon compound	An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1).
volatile organic compound	Any organic compound having an initial boiling point less than or equal to 250 degreeC (482 degreeF) measured at a standard atmospheric pressure of 101.3 kPa.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
Metabolism	1496	1108
Amino acid and derivative metabolism	250	260
Histidine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline and tryptophan catabolism	44	85
Phenylalanine and tyrosine catabolism	11	31
Selenoamino acid metabolism	24	50
Metabolism of ingested SeMet, Sec, MeSec into H2Se	4	23
Biological oxidations	150	276
Phase I - Functionalization of compounds	69	175
Cell Cycle	538	31
Cell Cycle, Mitotic	410	31
Mitotic G2-G2/M phases	173	8
G2/M Transition	172	8
Cyclin A/B1/B2 associated events during G2/M transition	18	7
Chlorophyll a Degradation I	5	13
Indole Alkaloid Biosynthesis	3	11
diphthamide biosynthesis II (eukaryotes)	0	13
methanol oxidation to formaldehyde III	0	2
methyl indole-3-acetate interconversion	2	12
26,27-dehydrozymosterol metabolism	1	5
ajmaline and sarpagine biosynthesis	1	37
homogalacturonan degradation	0	3
(-)-4'-demethyl-epipodophyllotoxin biosynthesis	1	11
Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism	11	32
Phenylalanine metabolism	6	21
Juvenile Hormone Synthesis	5	22
methylsalicylate degradation	1	7
superpathway of methylsalicylate metabolism	3	11
chlorophyll a degradation I	3	12
methanol oxidation to carbon dioxide	4	14
methyl indole-3-acetate interconversion	0	13
methanol oxidation to formaldehyde I	5	5
methanol oxidation to formaldehyde IV	2	8
methanol oxidation to formaldehyde III	1	5
methanol oxidation to formaldehyde II	1	7
methanol and methylamine oxidation to formaldehyde	13	15
superpathway of C1 compounds oxidation to CO2	22	32
diphthamide biosynthesis II (eukaryotes)	6	13
aflatoxins B1 and G1 biosynthesis	2	18
nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation	0	8
aflatoxins B2 and G2 biosynthesis	3	13
propane degradation I	9	15
methylgallate degradation	11	22
chlorophyll a degradation I	6	14
viridicatin biosynthesis	0	20
pectin degradation II	3	7
syringate degradation	12	24
daunorubicin biosynthesis	19	30
pectin degradation I	3	11
methane oxidation to methanol II	3	5
methane oxidation to methanol I	11	5
2,4-dinitroanisole degradation	2	5
bacteriochlorophyll e biosynthesis	6	42
bacteriochlorophyll c biosynthesis	10	30
bacteriochlorophyll d biosynthesis	5	24
superpathway of chorismate metabolism	56	186
ubiquinol-8 biosynthesis (prokaryotic)	8	30
superpathway of ubiquinol-8 biosynthesis (prokaryotic)	11	41
butachlor degradation	0	13
ajmaline and sarpagine biosynthesis	2	38
26,27-dehydrozymosterol metabolism	2	8
sitosterol biosynthesis	0	7
pectin degradation III	4	8

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.2589	0.0013	18.0743	39.8107	AID926; AID938
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	8.4852	0.0002	14.3764	60.0339	AID720691
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	6.0758	0.0003	23.4451	159.6830	AID743065
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	42.1632	0.0006	27.2152	1,122.0200	AID651741
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID603950	In-vitro air to lung partition coefficients of the compound, logK(lung) (human/rat)	2008	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 43, Issue:3	Air to lung partition coefficients for volatile organic compounds and blood to lung partition coefficients for volatile organic compounds and drugs.
AID23251	Partition coefficient (logP)	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 30, Issue:7	The role of solvent-accessible surface area in determining partition coefficients.
AID1416903	Drug level in deuterated phosphate buffer/D2O at pD 7 treated with 3-Trimethylsilylmethylimidazotetrazine measured every 15 mins for 12 to 18 hrs by 1H NMR method
AID1202843	Antioxidant activity assessed as ferric reducing antioxidant power at 1 mg/ml by FRAP assay	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Puupehenol, a potent antioxidant antimicrobial meroterpenoid from a Hawaiian deep-water Dactylospongia sp. sponge.
AID23255	Partition coefficient (logP) (ether)	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 30, Issue:7	The role of solvent-accessible surface area in determining partition coefficients.
AID1594652	Substrate activity at Geobacillus stearothermophilus DSM 2334 ADH expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as Km in 50 mM HEPES buffer at pH 7.5 at 23 degC by MTT dye based Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-15, Volume: 29, Issue:12	Characterization of the substrate scope of an alcohol dehydrogenase commonly used as methanol dehydrogenase.
AID1202845	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus at 10 ug/disc by disc diffusion assay	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Puupehenol, a potent antioxidant antimicrobial meroterpenoid from a Hawaiian deep-water Dactylospongia sp. sponge.
AID1202848	Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 10 ug/disc by disc diffusion assay	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Puupehenol, a potent antioxidant antimicrobial meroterpenoid from a Hawaiian deep-water Dactylospongia sp. sponge.
AID1202847	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli at 10 ug/disc by disc diffusion assay	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Puupehenol, a potent antioxidant antimicrobial meroterpenoid from a Hawaiian deep-water Dactylospongia sp. sponge.
AID603952	In-vitro blood to lung partition coefficients of the compound, logP(lung) (human/rat)	2008	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 43, Issue:3	Air to lung partition coefficients for volatile organic compounds and blood to lung partition coefficients for volatile organic compounds and drugs.
AID346025	Binding affinity to beta cyclodextrin	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2	Convenient QSAR model for predicting the complexation of structurally diverse compounds with beta-cyclodextrins.
AID237685	Lipophilicity determined as logarithm of the partition coefficient in the alkane/water system	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 48, Issue:9	Calculating virtual log P in the alkane/water system (log P(N)(alk)) and its derived parameters deltalog P(N)(oct-alk) and log D(pH)(alk).
AID624615	Specific activity of expressed human recombinant UGT2B10	2000	Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology, , Volume: 40	Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: metabolism, expression, and disease.
AID168703	Inhibition of Rana pipiens muscle activity.	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 34, Issue:5	Using theoretical descriptors in quantitative structure-activity relationships: some toxicological indices.
AID1102450	Fungitoxicity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides assessed as mycelial growth inhibition by poisoned food technique	2003	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 51, Issue:18	Quantitative structure-fungitoxicity relationships of some monohydric alcohols.
AID23256	Partition coefficient (logP) (hexane)	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 30, Issue:7	The role of solvent-accessible surface area in determining partition coefficients.
AID23443	Partition coefficient (logP)	1985	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 28, Issue:3	Use of physicochemical parameters in distance geometry and related three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships: a demonstration using Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors.
AID1594651	Substrate activity at Geobacillus stearothermophilus DSM 2334 ADH expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as Kcat in 50 mM HEPES buffer at pH 7.5 at 23 degC by MTT dye based Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-15, Volume: 29, Issue:12	Characterization of the substrate scope of an alcohol dehydrogenase commonly used as methanol dehydrogenase.
AID1594653	Substrate activity at Geobacillus stearothermophilus DSM 2334 ADH expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as Kcat/Km ratio in 50 mM HEPES buffer at pH 7.5 at 23 degC by MTT dye based Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-15, Volume: 29, Issue:12	Characterization of the substrate scope of an alcohol dehydrogenase commonly used as methanol dehydrogenase.
AID23252	Partition coefficient (logP) (benzene)	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 30, Issue:7	The role of solvent-accessible surface area in determining partition coefficients.
AID19262	Aqueous solubility	2000	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-05, Volume: 10, Issue:11	Prediction of drug solubility from Monte Carlo simulations.
AID159270	Toxicity determined using Microtox Test	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 34, Issue:5	Using theoretical descriptors in quantitative structure-activity relationships: some toxicological indices.
AID603951	In-vitro air to blood partition coefficients of the compound, logK(blood) (human/rat)	2008	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 43, Issue:3	Air to lung partition coefficients for volatile organic compounds and blood to lung partition coefficients for volatile organic compounds and drugs.
AID1202846	Antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus at 10 ug/disc by disc diffusion assay	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Puupehenol, a potent antioxidant antimicrobial meroterpenoid from a Hawaiian deep-water Dactylospongia sp. sponge.
AID23254	Partition coefficient (logP) (chloroform)	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 30, Issue:7	The role of solvent-accessible surface area in determining partition coefficients.
AID624618	Specific activity of expressed human recombinant UGT2B4	2000	Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology, , Volume: 40	Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: metabolism, expression, and disease.
AID212400	Toxicity determined using Tadpole Narcosis Test	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 34, Issue:5	Using theoretical descriptors in quantitative structure-activity relationships: some toxicological indices.
AID23253	Partition coefficient (logP) (carbon tetrachloride)	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 30, Issue:7	The role of solvent-accessible surface area in determining partition coefficients.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	5619 (19.64)	18.7374
1990's	2218 (7.75)	18.2507
2000's	6724 (23.50)	29.6817
2010's	10481 (36.64)	24.3611
2020's	3565 (12.46)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	168 (0.56%)	5.53%
Reviews	946 (3.13%)	6.00%
Case Studies	1,173 (3.88%)	4.05%
Observational	21 (0.07%)	0.25%
Other	27,887 (92.36%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
acetylcarnitine Acetylcarnitine: An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.	2.45	2	0	O-acylcarnitine	human metabolite
monoisopropanolamine monoisopropanolamine: possible industrial pollutant; structure. 1-aminopropan-2-ol : Any amino alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by an amino group at position 1.	1.96	1	0	amino alcohol; secondary alcohol	Escherichia coli metabolite
dinitrochlorobenzene Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.	2.38	2	0	C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes	allergen; epitope; sensitiser
ethylene dichloride ethylene dichloride: RN given refers to 1,2-isomer; structure given in first source. 1,2-dichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes substituted by two chloro groups at positions 1 and 2.	4.37	6	0	chloroethanes	hepatotoxic agent; mutagen; non-polar solvent
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene : A trichlorobenzene with chloro substituents at positions 1, 2 and 4.	3.5	2	0	trichlorobenzene
ethylene chlorohydrin Ethylene Chlorohydrin: Used as a solvent, in the manufacture of insecticides, and for treating sweet potatoes before planting. May cause nausea, vomiting, pains in head and chest, stupefaction. Irritates mucous membranes and causes kidney and liver degeneration.. chloroethanol : An organochlorine compound that is ethanol substituted by at least one chloro group.	2.37	2	0	chloroethanol	xenobiotic metabolite
provitamin c provitamin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; NM refers to (L-xylo)-isomer; structure	2.04	1	0	hexose
protocatechuic acid protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.	4.17	16	0	catechols; dihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
3-hydroxyanthranilic acid 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid: An oxidation product of tryptophan metabolism. It may be a free radical scavenger and a carcinogen.. 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted at C-2 by an amine group and at C-3 by a hydroxy group. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of the amino acid tryptophan.. 3-hydroxyanthranilate : A hydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid.	2.01	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phosphoserine Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine.	2.4	2	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid; serine derivative	human metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	5.26	19	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol: the aglycone of gastrodin. p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol : A member of the class of benzyl alcohols that is benzyl alcohol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It has been isolated from Arcangelisia gusanlung.	2.05	1	0	benzyl alcohols; phenols	plant metabolite
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde [no description available]	2.4	2	0	hydroxybenzaldehyde	EC 1.14.17.1 (dopamine beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group.	1.98	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; phenols	fungal metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring.	4.73	9	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; plant metabolite
aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.	3.48	2	0	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid	antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan 5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.	3.05	5	0	hydroxytryptophan	human metabolite; neurotransmitter
ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.	14.07	218	5	ethanediol; glycol	metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	11.67	336	1	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.	8.07	96	0	aldehyde	carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent
acetamide acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.	3.98	13	0	acetamides; carboximidic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia
acetoin [no description available]	2.85	4	0	methyl ketone; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	metabolite
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	14	543	3	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
adenine [no description available]	6.24	24	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
adipic acid adipic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,4-dicarboxy derivative of butane.	2.69	3	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	food acidity regulator; human xenobiotic metabolite
agmatine Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.	7.37	2	0	guanidines; primary amino compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	11.13	202	2	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
anthranilic acid anthranilic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #565. anthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid having a single amino substituent located at position 2. It is a metabolite produced in L-tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in the central nervous system.	2.71	3	0	aminobenzoic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
arsenic acid arsenic acid: RN given refers to orthoarsenic acid(H3AsO4); see also sodium arsenate. arsenic acid : An arsenic oxoacid comprising one oxo group and three hydroxy groups attached to a central arsenic atom.	7.36	2	0	arsenic oxoacid	Escherichia coli metabolite
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	3.19	6	0	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
beta-alanine [no description available]	3.14	5	0	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter
benzaldehyde [no description available]	3.56	8	0	benzaldehydes	EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; fragrance; odorant receptor agonist; plant metabolite
benzene [no description available]	8.81	148	0	aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent
benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.	5.85	30	0	benzoic acids	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
benzyl alcohol Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.	5.91	19	0	benzyl alcohols	antioxidant; fragrance; metabolite; solvent
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.	8.83	11	0	amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative	fundamental metabolite
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	4.66	28	0	halide anion; monoatomic bromine
hydrobromic acid Hydrobromic Acid: Hydrobromic acid (HBr). A solution of hydrogen bromide gas in water.. hydrobromide : Salts formally resulting from the reaction of hydrobromic acid with an organic base.. hydrogen bromide : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and bromine atoms.	2.66	3	0	gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
butyraldehyde [no description available]	2.25	1	0	butanals	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
2,3-butylene glycol 2,3-butylene glycol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. butane-2,3-diol : A butanediol in which hydroxylation is at C-2 and C-3.	2.65	3	0	butanediol; glycol; secondary alcohol
1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.	9.78	275	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
butyric acid Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.	5.57	13	0	fatty acid 4:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
cadaverine [no description available]	2.74	3	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
carbamates [no description available]	6.91	38	2	amino-acid anion
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	15.78	206	13	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.	15.59	285	6	monocarboxylic acid	antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent
aminooxyacetic acid Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.. (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.	1.97	1	0	amino acid; hydroxylamines; monocarboxylic acid	anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
carnitine [no description available]	3.51	8	0	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
catechol [no description available]	3.28	6	0	catechols	allelochemical; genotoxin; plant metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	13.81	569	1	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
chloroacetic acid chloroacetic acid: urinary metabolite of vinyl chloride; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chloroacetic acid : A chlorocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid carrying a 2-chloro substituent.	2.68	3	0	chlorocarboxylic acid; haloacetic acid	alkylating agent; herbicide
choline [no description available]	6.04	37	0	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	6.08	38	0	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	5.86	95	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	8.37	170	0	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative	7.94	4	0	coumarins	fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite
4-hydroxymandelic acid 4-hydroxymandelic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxymandelic acid : A 2-hydroxy carboxylic acid that is mandelic acid bearing a phenolic hydroxy substituent at position 4.	1.97	1	0	2-hydroxy carboxylic acid; phenols	metabolite
2-cresol 2-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. o-cresol : A cresol that is phenol substituted by a methyl group at position 2. It is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene.	3.5	2	0	cresol	human xenobiotic metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	7.93	35	2	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
3-cresol 3-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. m-cresol : A cresol with the methyl substituent at position 3. It is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene.	4.01	4	0	cresol	human xenobiotic metabolite
octane Octanes: Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. octane : A straight chain alkane composed of 8 carbon atoms.	3.82	11	0	alkane	xenobiotic
phloroglucinol Phloroglucinol: A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent.. phloroglucinol : A benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5.	3.83	11	0	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	algal metabolite
sym-homospermidine sym-homospermidine: analog of spermidine isolated from sandal leaves (Santalum album L.); structure. sym-homospermidine : A polyazaalkane comprising undecane with three aza groups placed at the 1-, 6- and 11-positions.	1.96	1	0	polyazaalkane; triamine
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	6.58	60	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
4-nitrophenylphosphate nitrophenylphosphate: RN given refers to mono(4-nitrophenyl) ester of phosphoric acid. 4-nitrophenyl phosphate : An aryl phosphate resulting from the mono-esterification of phosphoric acid with 4-nitrophenol.	2.9	4	0	aryl phosphate	mouse metabolite
octanoic acid octanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1764. octanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid.	3.52	2	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	antibacterial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
indoleacetamide indoleacetamide: article does not mention position of acetamide group; amide of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the natural auxin found in plants. indole-3-acetamide : A member of the class of indoles that is acetamide substituted by a 1H-indol-3-yl group at position 2. It is an intermediate in the production of plant hormone indole acetic acid (IAA).	1.98	1	0	indoles; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia	bacterial metabolite; fungal metabolite; plant metabolite
2-nitropropane 2-nitropropane: RN given refers to cpd with locant for nitro moiety in 2 position. 2-nitropropane : A secondary nitroalkane that is propane in which a hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a nitro group. Mainly used as a solvent (b.p. 120degreeC).	3.15	1	0	secondary nitroalkane	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent; xenobiotic
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	5.78	27	0	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
4-aminophenol 4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.	3.84	3	0	aminophenol	allergen; metabolite
nornicotine nornicotine: agricultural or horticultural insecticide; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer; structure	2.07	1	0
dihydrolipoic acid dihydrolipoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. dihydrolipoic acid : A thio-fatty acid that is reduced form of lipoic acid. A potent antioxidant shown to directly destroy superoxide, hydroperoxy and hydroxyl radicals; also has neuroprotective and anti-tumour effects.. dihydrolipoate : The conjugate base of dihydrolipoic acid.	2.41	2	0	thio-fatty acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent
3-hydroxybutyric acid 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.	3.4	7	0	(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid; 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	human metabolite
bupropion Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	2.77	3	0	aromatic ketone; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
guaiacol Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.	13.77	80	2	guaiacols	disinfectant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; expectorant; plant metabolite
hippuric acid hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.	2.74	3	0	N-acylglycine	human blood serum metabolite; uremic toxin
2-aminoadipic acid 2-Aminoadipic Acid: A metabolite in the principal biochemical pathway of lysine. It antagonizes neuroexcitatory activity modulated by the glutamate receptor, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; (NMDA).. 2-aminoadipic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is adipic acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. An intermediate in the formation of lysine.	1.98	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite; mammalian metabolite
methylmalonic acid Methylmalonic Acid: A malonic acid derivative which is a vital intermediate in the metabolism of fat and protein. Abnormalities in methylmalonic acid metabolism lead to methylmalonic aciduria. This metabolic disease is attributed to a block in the enzymatic conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA.. methylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.	6.97	1	0	C4-dicarboxylic acid	human metabolite
malic acid malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.	3.64	9	0	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
propionaldehyde propionaldehyde: may cause respiratory irritation; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. propanal : An aldehyde that consists of ethane bearing a formyl substituent. The parent of the class of propanals.	2	1	0	alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde; propanals	Escherichia coli metabolite
hydrogen selenide hydrogen selenide: RN given refers to parent cpd	5.93	7	0	mononuclear parent hydride; selenium hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.	2.7	3	0	catechols; dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	human metabolite
aminocaproic acid Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.	2.03	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; epsilon-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid	antifibrinolytic drug; hematologic agent; metabolite
dibenzofuran Dibenzofurans: Compounds that include the structure of dibenzofuran.. dibenzofurans : Any organic heterotricyclic compound based on a dibenzofuran skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.. dibenzofuran : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a furan ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.	7.94	4	0	dibenzofurans; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	xenobiotic
creatine [no description available]	4.45	7	0	glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical
cytosine [no description available]	4.58	26	0	aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
alanylalanine alanylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer	2.25	1	0	dipeptide
alanine [no description available]	2	1	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion	fundamental metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	5.5	62	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
3,3-dimethylallyl pyrophosphate 3,3-dimethylallyl pyrophosphate: isomeric with isopentenyl pyrophosphate. prenyl diphosphate : A prenol phosphate that is a phosphoantigen comprising the O-pyrophosphate of prenol.	2.07	1	0	prenol phosphate	epitope; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; phosphoantigen
diacetyl butane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation.	3.36	7	0	alpha-diketone	Escherichia coli metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dihydroxyacetone [no description available]	2.91	4	0	ketotriose; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antifungal agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dimethylglycine dimethylglycine: metabolic product of calcium pangamate; mutagen when mixed with nitrite; RN given refers to parent cpd. N,N-dimethylglycine : An N-methylglycine that is glycine carrying two N-methyl substituents.	6.93	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; N-methyl-amino acid; N-methylglycines	Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dimethylamine [no description available]	8.52	8	0	methylamines; secondary aliphatic amine	metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	8.45	315	1	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
ethanolamine [no description available]	3.44	7	0	ethanolamines; primary alcohol; primary amine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	15.46	671	1	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
formamide formimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is formic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.. primary carboxamide : A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with ammonia; formula RC(=O)NH2.	5.51	21	0	carboximidic acid; formamides; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	solvent
3-phosphoglycerate 3-phosphoglycerate : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the acidic groups of 3-phosphoglyceric acid.	2.42	2	0	monophosphoglyceric acid; tetronic acid derivative	algal metabolite; fundamental metabolite
hexachlorocyclohexane Lindane: An organochlorine insecticide made up of greater than 99% gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane. It has been used as a pediculicide and scabicide, and shown to cause cancer.. beta-hexachlorocyclohexane : The beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane.	2.43	2	0	chlorocyclohexane
glutaric acid glutaric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glutaric acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is a linear five-carbon dicarboxylic acid.	2.02	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite
glycine [no description available]	8.77	102	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glyceraldehyde Glyceraldehyde: An aldotriose containing the propionaldehyde structure with hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It is involved in the formation of ADVANCED GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCTS.. glyceraldehyde : An aldotriose comprising propanal having hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It plays role in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), a deleterious accompaniment to ageing.. aldose : Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals.	3.46	2	0	aldotriose	fundamental metabolite
glyceric acid glyceric acid: found in urine of patient with D-glyceric acidemia & hyperglycinaemia; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. glycerol ether : Any ether having glyceryl as at least one of the O-substituents.. glyceric acid : A trionic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted at positions 2 and 3 by hydroxy groups.	2.8	3	0	trionic acid	fundamental metabolite
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	11.27	312	1	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
alpha-glycerophosphoric acid [no description available]	1.96	1	0	glycerol monophosphate	algal metabolite; human metabolite
glycolaldehyde [no description available]	7.81	3	0	glycolaldehydes	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
glycolic acid glycolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glycolic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.	4.03	2	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; primary alcohol	keratolytic drug; metabolite
glyoxylic acid glyoxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glyoxylic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid bearing an oxo group at the alpha carbon atom.	4.84	10	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; aldehydic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
carbonic acid Carbonic Acid: Carbonic acid (H2C03). The hypothetical acid of carbon dioxide and water. It exists only in the form of its salts (carbonates), acid salts (hydrogen carbonates), amines (carbamic acid), and acid chlorides (carbonyl chloride). (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	3.09	5	0	carbon oxoacid; chalcocarbonic acid	mouse metabolite
hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen Cyanide: Hydrogen cyanide (HCN); A toxic liquid or colorless gas. It is found in the smoke of various tobacco products and released by combustion of nitrogen-containing organic materials.. hydrogen cyanide : A one-carbon compound consisting of a methine group triple bonded to a nitrogen atom	5.56	13	0	hydracid; one-carbon compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; poison
hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.	14.78	93	0	carbon oxoanion	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histamine [no description available]	7.85	33	2	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	10.72	304	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
hydroquinone [no description available]	4.6	8	0	benzenediol; hydroquinones	antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent
hydroxylamine amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.	3.79	11	0	hydroxylamines	algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; nitric oxide donor; nucleophilic reagent
imidazole imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.	8.56	8	0	imidazole
indole [no description available]	3.26	6	0	indole; polycyclic heteroarene	Escherichia coli metabolite
indoleacetic acid indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.	3	4	0	indole-3-acetic acids; monocarboxylic acid	auxin; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant hormone; plant metabolite
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	5.22	50	0	diatomic iodine	nutrient
2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate [no description available]	6.96	1	0
dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.	8.34	7	0	hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative	human metabolite
kynurenine Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.	2.65	3	0	aromatic ketone; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; substituted aniline	human metabolite
lactaldehyde lactaldehyde : A member of the class of propanals obtained by the reduction of the carboxylic group of lactic acid (2-hydroxypropanoic acid).	2.46	2	0	hydroxyaldehyde; propanals	mouse metabolite
lipoamide Lipozyme: lipase from Rhizomucor miehei immobilized on anion exchange resin	3.32	6	0	dithiolanes; monocarboxylic acid amide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.	2.71	3	0	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid	fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
malonic acid malonic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.. dicarboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.	2.08	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	human metabolite
methylmercaptan methylmercaptan: intermediate in the manufacturing of jet fuels, pesticides, fungicides, plastics, synthesis of methionine; odor may cause nausea; narcotic in high concentrations; depresses urea biosynthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	4.89	11	0	alkanethiol	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyruvaldehyde Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.	2.61	2	0	2-oxo aldehyde; propanals	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phytic acid Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated.	3.03	4	0	inositol phosphate
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	9.67	9	0	cyclitol; hexol
methyl coenzyme m methyl coenzyme M: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd	7.4	2	0	S-substituted coenzyme M
melatonin [no description available]	3.27	6	0	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
croton oil [no description available]	3.63	9	0	N-acyl-hexosamine
n-acetylserotonin N-acetylserotonin : An N-acylserotonin resulting from the formal condensation of the primary amino group of serotonin with the carboxy group of acetic acid.	2.08	1	0	acetamides; N-acylserotonin; phenols	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist
acetanilide acetanilide: a phenylacetamide; use ACETANILIDES for the plural group meaning of the singular term. N-phenylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group.	2.71	3	0	acetamides; anilide	analgesic
naphthalene [no description available]	4.92	12	0	naphthalenes; ortho-fused bicyclic arene	apoptosis inhibitor; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	7.34	81	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	5.08	17	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.	3.33	7	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3	antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	14.59	135	1	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitric acid Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nitric acid : A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.	9.37	19	0	nitrogen oxoacid	protic solvent; reagent
nitroxyl nitroxyl: hydroxamic acid oxidized to nitroxyl free radical. nitroxyl : A nitrogen oxoacid consisting of an oxygen atom double-bonded to an NH group.	2.02	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	12.49	53	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
nitrous oxide Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.	5.01	38	0	gas molecular entity; nitrogen oxide	analgesic; bacterial metabolite; food packaging gas; food propellant; general anaesthetic; greenhouse gas; inhalation anaesthetic; NMDA receptor antagonist; raising agent; refrigerant; vasodilator agent
n,n-dimethylaniline N,N-dimethylaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. dimethylaniline : A methylaniline carrying at least two methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylaniline : A tertiary amine that is aniline in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.	3.81	3	0	dimethylaniline; tertiary amine
1-octanol 1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1.	5.44	19	0	octanol; primary alcohol	antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite; fuel additive; kairomone; plant metabolite
hydroxide ion [no description available]	5.08	13	0	oxygen hydride	mouse metabolite
hydroxypyruvic acid hydroxypyruvic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-hydroxypyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pyruvic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is an intermediate involved in the glycine and serine metabolism.	2.17	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
orotic acid Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.	1.94	1	0	pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
oxaloacetic acid Oxaloacetic Acid: A dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC ACID by ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE.. oxaloacetic acid : An oxodicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing a single oxo group.	2	1	0	C4-dicarboxylic acid; oxo dicarboxylic acid	geroprotector; metabolite
oxalic acid Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2.	5.12	43	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	3.26	6	0	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
4-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.	5.24	9	0	4-nitrophenols	human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
triphosphoric acid triphosphoric acid: used as water softener, peptizing agent, emulsifier & dispersing agent; ingredient of cleansers; meat preservative; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	4.53	3	0	acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	9.5	23	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
parathion [no description available]	2.89	4	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
pentachlorophenol PENTA: structure given in first source	7.72	87	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorophenol; organochlorine pesticide; pentachlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite
phenanthrene phenanthrene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.'	9.67	9	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon; phenanthrenes	environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite
phenol [no description available]	7.64	107	0	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenylacetic acid phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.	2.71	3	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid; phenylacetic acids	allergen; Aspergillus metabolite; auxin; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; toxin
phenethylamine phenethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7016. 2-phenylethylamine : A phenylethylamine having the phenyl substituent at the 2-position.	2.07	1	0	alkaloid; aralkylamine; phenylethylamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
5-phenylhydantoin, (+-)-isomer 5-phenylhydantoin: structure given in first source	2.17	1	0
phosphoric acid phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.	9.68	27	0	phosphoric acids	algal metabolite; fertilizer; human metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent
phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphoenolpyruvate: A monocarboxylic acid anion derived from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is a metabolic intermediate in GLYCOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; and other pathways.. phosphoenolpyruvate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resuting from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid.. phosphoenolpyruvic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid substituted by a phosphonooxy group at position 2. It is a metabolic intermediate in pathways like glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.	2.64	3	0	carboxyalkyl phosphate; monocarboxylic acid	fundamental metabolite
phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.	3.1	5	0	phosphocholines	allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phthalic acid phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.	3.31	6	0	benzenedicarboxylic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite
picolinic acid picolinic acid: iron-chelating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; may interfere with iron-dependent production of stable free organic radical which is essential for ribonucleotide reductase formation of deoxyribonucleotides; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7206. picolinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan.	2.47	2	0	pyridinemonocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; MALDI matrix material
diphosphoric acid diphosphoric acid : An acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride obtained by condensation of two molecules of phosphoric acid.	2.25	1	0	acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid	Escherichia coli metabolite
pqq cofactor PQQ Cofactor: A pyrrolo-quinoline having two adjacent keto-groups at the 4 and 5 positions and three acidic carboxyl groups. It is a coenzyme of some DEHYDROGENASES.. pyrroloquinoline quinone : A pyrroloquinoline having oxo groups at the 4- and 5-positions and carboxy groups at the 2-, 7- and 9-positions.	7.16	30	0	orthoquinones; pyrroloquinoline cofactor; tricarboxylic acid	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; water-soluble vitamin (role)
prephenic acid prephenic acid: nonaromatic biosynthetic intermediate, probable immediate precursor of aromatic systems such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, tannins, flavanoids; isolated from cultures of mutant E coli; structure. (1s,4s)-prephenic acid : A prephenic acid having (1s,4s)-cis-configuration.. prephenic acid : An oxo dicarboxylic acid that consists of 4-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by a 2-carboxy-2-oxoethyl group at position 1.	2.73	3	0	oxo dicarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.	12.41	46	0	glycol; propane-1,2-diols	allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.	12.13	391	2	propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	metabolite; protic solvent
propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.	3.62	9	0	saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid	antifungal drug
pteridines [no description available]	3.67	10	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; pteridines
purine 1H-purine : The 1H-tautomer of purine.. 3H-purine : The 3H-tautomer of purine.. 9H-purine : The 9H-tautomer of purine.. 7H-purine : The 7H-tautomer of purine.	2.34	2	0	purine
putrescine [no description available]	2.4	2	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite
pyrazole 1H-pyrazole : The 1H-tautomer of pyrazole.	2.39	2	0	pyrazole
pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.	5.94	33	0	azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines	environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound
pyridoxal [no description available]	7.88	4	0	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.	4.25	19	0	methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate	coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxamine [no description available]	2.39	2	0	aminoalkylpyridine; hydroxymethylpyridine; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; iron chelator; mouse metabolite; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).	5.35	14	1	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyrogallol benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring.	10.57	13	0	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	plant metabolite
pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.	3.8	10	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	cofactor; fundamental metabolite
dimethyl sulfide dimethyl sulfide: structure. dimethyl sulfide : A methyl sulfide in which the sulfur atom is substituted by two methyl groups. It is produced naturally by some marine algae.. methyl sulfide : Any aliphatic sulfide in which at least one of the organyl groups attached to the sulfur is a methyl group.	5.01	15	0	aliphatic sulfide	algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; marine metabolite
thiosulfates Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid.	3.49	8	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion	human metabolite
dithionite Dithionite: Dithionite. The dithionous acid ion and its salts.	2.67	3	0	sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
sarcosine cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis	9.18	5	0	N-alkylglycine zwitterion; N-alkylglycine; N-methyl-amino acid; N-methylglycines	Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; glycine transporter 1 inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
selenic acid Selenic Acid: A strong dibasic acid with the molecular formula H2SeO4. Included under this heading is the acid form, and inorganic salts of dihydrogen selenium tetraoxide.	2.98	3	0	selenium oxoacid
selenious acid Selenious Acid: A selenium compound with the molecular formula H2SO3. It used as a source of SELENIUM, especially for patients that develop selenium deficiency following prolonged PARENTERAL NUTRITION.	4.1	4	0	selenium oxoacid
sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).	5.14	44	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
spermidine [no description available]	8.24	6	0	polyazaalkane; triamine	autophagy inducer; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
spermine [no description available]	3.11	5	0	polyazaalkane; tetramine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	9.89	34	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
sulfuric acid sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.	5.01	38	0	sulfur oxoacid	catalyst
sulfur dioxide Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.	4.78	31	0	sulfur oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; food bleaching agent; refrigerant
taurine [no description available]	8.1	5	0	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiophane [no description available]	2.45	2	0	saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; tetrahydrothiophenes
thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.	5.01	13	0	primary alcohol; vitamin B1	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-mercaptoacetate [no description available]	1.96	1	0	sulfur-containing carboxylic acid
thymine [no description available]	9.33	20	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	9.61	145	0	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
trimethyloxamine trimethyloxamine: used in manufacture of quaternary ammonium cpds; insect attractant; warming agent for gas; oxidant; structure. trimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine.	3.14	5	0	tertiary amine oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; osmolyte
trimethylamine [no description available]	4.31	19	0	methylamines; tertiary amine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
tryptophan [no description available]	3.1	1	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; aminoalkylindole; aromatic amino acid; polar amino acid	Daphnia magna metabolite
tryptamine [no description available]	3.01	4	0	aminoalkylindole; aralkylamino compound; indole alkaloid; tryptamines	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder	4.47	23	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	5.04	16	0	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	10.29	184	1	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uroporphyrinogen iii Uroporphyrinogens: Porphyrinogens which are intermediates in heme biosynthesis. They have four acetic acid and four propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Uroporphyrinogen I and III are formed from polypyrryl methane in the presence of uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase and uroporphyrin I synthetase, respectively. They can yield uroporphyrins by autooxidation or coproporphyrinogens by decarboxylation.	1.96	1	0	uroporphyrinogen	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
vanillin Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).	4.61	8	0	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antioxidant; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
xanthine 7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.. 9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.	3.38	2	0	xanthine	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
catechin [no description available]	3.1	1	0	hydroxyflavan
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.	2.6	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
ibotenic acid Ibotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist.	7.02	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	neurotoxin
vanilmandelic acid Vanilmandelic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. It is an end-stage metabolite of CATECHOLAMINES; EPINEPHRINE; and NOREPINEPHRINE.. vanillylmandelic acid : An aromatic ether that is the 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid.	2.87	4	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; aromatic ether; phenols	human metabolite
huperzine a huperzine A: RN given refers to 5R-(5alpha,9beta,11E)-isomer; structure given in first source. huperzine A : A sesquiterpene alkaloid isolated from a club moss Huperzia serrata that has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective activity. It is also an effective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and has attracted interest as a therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer's disease.	7.46	2	0	quinolone
menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.	4.03	4	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol	volatile oil component
mandelic acid SAMMA: mandelic acid condensation polymer	2.95	4	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; benzenes	antibacterial agent; human xenobiotic metabolite
1,10-phenanthroline 1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases	3.53	8	0	phenanthroline	EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor
1,2-dimethylhydrazine 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine: A DNA alkylating agent that has been shown to be a potent carcinogen and is widely used to induce colon tumors in experimental animals.. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine : A member of the class of hydrazines that is hydrazine in which one of the hydrogens attached to each nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group. A powerful DNA alkylating agent and carcinogen, it is used to induce colon cancer in laboratory rats and mice.	7.63	2	0	hydrazines	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent
1-aminobenzotriazole [no description available]	7.05	1	0
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	8.63	203	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
1-methylimidazole 1-methyl-1H-imidazole : A 1H-imidazole having a methyl substituent at the N-1 position.	7.43	2	0	imidazoles
pd 173074 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	aromatic amine; biaryl; dimethoxybenzene; pyridopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; ureas	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist
2,2'-dipyridyl 2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'.	3.72	10	0	bipyridine	chelator; ferroptosis inhibitor
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with strong irritant properties. Use of this compound on rice fields, orchards, sugarcane, rangeland, and other noncrop sites was terminated by the EPA in 1985. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2, 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorines.	3.46	2	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; trichlorobenzene	defoliant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
2,4,6-tribromophenol [no description available]	2.08	1	0	bromophenol	environmental contaminant; fungicide; marine metabolite
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.	3.82	11	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene	agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.	2.81	3	0	dinitrophenol	allergen; antiseptic drug; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; geroprotector; oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
2-amino-4-picoline 2-amino-4-picoline: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.48	2	0
2-aminofluorene [no description available]	3.79	3	0
2-(n-heptyl)-4-hydroxyquinoline n-oxide 2-(n-heptyl)-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide: structure. 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide : An inhibitor of the mitochondrial respiratory chain at cytochrome bc1 and of photosynthetic electron flow immediately before cytochrome b559.	1.96	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline
mercaptoethanol Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.	4.48	24	0	alkanethiol; primary alcohol	geroprotector
n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine: An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5.	4.65	3	0	amphetamines; benzodioxoles	neurotoxin
amitrole Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.	5.07	14	0	aromatic amine; triazoles	carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor; herbicide
3-methoxytyramine 3-methoxytyramine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-methoxytyramine : A monomethoxybenzene that is dopamine in which the hydroxy group at position 3 is replaced by a methoxy group. It is a metabolite of the neurotransmitter dopamine and considered a potential biomarker of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas.	2.15	1	0	monomethoxybenzene; phenols; phenylethylamine; primary amino compound	biomarker; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite
3-methylcholanthrene Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.	3.33	7	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent
4-aminopyridine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aminopyridine; aromatic amine	avicide; orphan drug; potassium channel blocker
chlorocresol chlorocresol: injections for relief of intractable pain; RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-chloro-m-cresol : A hydroxytoluene that is 3-methylphenol which is substituted by a chlorine at position 4. A ryanodine receptor agonist.	2.13	1	0	hydroxytoluene; monochlorobenzenes	antimicrobial agent; disinfectant; ryanodine receptor agonist
homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.	9.18	5	0	guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-imidazolemethanol 4-imidazolemethanol: structure in first source. imidazole-4-methanol : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at position 4.	7.11	1	0	imidazoles; primary alcohol
4-nonylphenol 4-nonylphenol: structure in first source; see also record for nonylphenol. 4-nonylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol which is para-substituted with a nonyl group.	2.42	2	0	phenols	environmental contaminant
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide: do not confuse with DMPO (4',5'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4-phenyl-5,2'-oxidocoumarin). 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide : A member of the class of 1-pyrroline nitrones (1-pyrroline N-oxides) resulting from the formal N-oxidation of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline. Used as a spin trap for the study of radicals formed by enzymatic acetaldehyde oxidation.	1.98	1	0	1-pyrroline nitrones	neuroprotective agent; spin trapping reagent
phenytoin [no description available]	6.48	14	1	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid: A 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acid containing 4 alkyne bonds. It inhibits the enzymatic conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins E(2) and F(2a).	2.13	1	0	long-chain fatty acid
dansyl acid dansyl acid: fluorescent probe	2.31	1	0
5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane: structure in first source	4.36	3	0
hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.	3.86	12	0	indole-3-acetic acids	drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
6-hydroxymelatonin 6-hydroxymelatonin : A member of the class of tryptamines that is melatonin with a hydroxy group substituent at position 6.	3.1	1	0	acetamides; tryptamines	metabolite; mouse metabolite
oxyquinoline Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes.	4.34	6	0	monohydroxyquinoline	antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug; iron chelator
tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	2.73	3	0	acridines; aromatic amine	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane): water-soluble free-radical initiator	3.11	5	0	monoazo compound
acebutolol Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.	3	4	0	aromatic amide; ethanolamines; ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	7.82	47	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
salophen salophen: structure given in first source	2.44	2	0	carbonyl compound
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	2.37	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohexamide Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group.	2.05	1	0	acetophenones; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
acridone acridone : A member of the class of acridines that is 9,10-dihydroacridine substituted by an oxo group at position 9.	7.02	1	0	acridines; cyclic ketone
1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid 1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
alachlor alachlor : An aromatic amide that is N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide substituted by a methoxymethyl group at at the nitrogen atom while one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a chlorine atom.	2.73	3	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
albendazole [no description available]	3.18	5	0	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	anthelminthic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	6.52	8	2	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate: specific inhibitor of pyruvate transport in rat liver mitochondria & human erythrocytes; structure	2.47	2	0
alprazolam Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.	2.69	3	0	organochlorine compound; triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant; sedative; xenobiotic
alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.	8.1	5	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source	2.02	1	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic
ambroxol Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.	2.13	1	0	aromatic amine
aminoglutethimide Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.	2.37	2	0	dicarboximide; piperidones; substituted aniline	adrenergic agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.	2.96	1	0	guanidines; one-carbon compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.	1.98	1	0	N-acylglycine	Daphnia magna metabolite
ampyrone Ampyrone: A metabolite of AMINOPYRINE with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used as a reagent for biochemical reactions producing peroxides or phenols. Ampyrone stimulates LIVER MICROSOMES and is also used to measure extracellular water.	2.17	1	0	primary amino compound; pyrazolone	antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; marine xenobiotic metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
theophylline [no description available]	6.03	22	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.	3.25	1	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiovascular drug
dan 2163 [no description available]	2.47	2	0	aromatic amide; aromatic amine; benzamides; pyrrolidines; sulfone	environmental contaminant; second generation antipsychotic; xenobiotic
amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.	4.81	10	0	carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic
amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.	2.83	3	0	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
amobarbital Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.	2.65	3	0	barbiturates
amodiaquine Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.	3.49	2	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; phenols; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
amoxapine Amoxapine: The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression.. amoxapine : A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position.	2.07	1	0	dibenzooxazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; dopaminergic antagonist; geroprotector; serotonin uptake inhibitor
anthralin Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.	2.13	1	0	anthracenes	antipsoriatic
antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.	3.77	11	0	pyrazolone	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid: glutamate antagonist in locust muscle; structure; do not confuse with L-AP4, which is the propionic acid version	1.98	1	0
aristolochic acid i aristolochic acid I: phospholipase A inhibitor. aristolochic acid A : An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic.	2.98	4	0	aristolochic acids; aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; cyclic acetal; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mutagen; nephrotoxin; toxin
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	12.55	40	0	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
astemizole Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.	2.02	1	0	benzimidazoles; piperidines	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; H1-receptor antagonist
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	3.16	5	0	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
atrazine [no description available]	9.09	15	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
azelastine azelastine: azeptin is azelastine hydrochloride; structure; eye drop formulation effective in relieving symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis; do not confuse with 5-loxin which is an extract of Boswellia. azelastine : A phthalazine compound having an oxo substituent at the 1-position, a 1-methylazepan-4-yl group at the 2-position and a 4-chlorobenzyl substituent at the 4-position.	2.05	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phthalazines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
azobenzene azobenzene: photosensor molecule known to undergo reversible isomerization from trans to cis on illumination with photons of appropriate wavelength; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. (E)-azobenzene : The (E)-isomer of azobenzene.. (Z)-azobenzene : The (Z)-isomer of azobenzene.. azobenzene : A molecule whose structure comprises two phenyl rings linked by a N=N double bond; the parent compound of the azobenzene class of compounds.	2.25	1	0	azobenzenes
beta-amanitin beta-amanitin: RN given refers to L-Asp	2.04	1	0
baclofen [no description available]	2.46	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant
barbital 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid).	3.14	5	0	barbiturates	drug allergen
bay-k-8644 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester: A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.. Bay-K-8644 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-Bay-K-8644. methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A pentasubstituted dihydropyridine carrying methoxycarbonyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and nitro substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively as well as two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6.	2.04	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
bemegride Bemegride: A CNS stimulant that is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals. It has also been used as a respiratory stimulant and in the treatment of barbiturate overdose.	1.97	1	0	piperidones
bendroflumethiazide Bendroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810). bendroflumethiazide : A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group.	2.05	1	0	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
bentazone bentazone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bentazone : A benzothiadiazine that is 1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide substituted by an isopropyl group at position 3.	2	1	0	benzothiadiazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
benzamide benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.	3.09	5	0	benzamides
benzethonium Benzethonium: Bactericidal cationic quaternary ammonium surfactant used as a topical anti-infective agent. It is an ingredient in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, etc., and is used to disinfect apparatus, etc., in the food processing and pharmaceutical industries, in surgery, and also as a preservative. The compound is toxic orally as a result of neuromuscular blockade.	2.5	2	0	alkylbenzene
benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.	9.75	30	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite
benzocaine Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.	4.36	6	0	benzoate ester; substituted aniline	allergen; antipruritic drug; sensitiser; topical anaesthetic
benzothiazide benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.	2.48	2	0	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
benzyl benzoate benzyl benzoate: structure; acarosan, a moist powder composed of wetted cellulose and benzyl benzoate, is used on carpets as an acaricide. benzyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of benzoic acid with benzyl alcohol. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Polyalthia.	2.02	1	0	benzoate ester; benzyl ester	acaricide; plant metabolite; scabicide
butylbenzyl phthalate spatozoate: structure in first source	2.46	2	0	benzyl ester
bepridil Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.	2.69	3	0	pyrrolidines; tertiary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
berberine [no description available]	3.76	10	0	alkaloid antibiotic; berberine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite; potassium channel blocker
diminazene Diminazene: An effective trypanocidal agent.. diminazene : A triazene derivative that is triazene in which each of the terminal nitrogens is substituted by a 4-carbamimidoylphenyl group.	2.06	1	0	carboxamidine; triazene derivative	antiparasitic agent; trypanocidal drug
5-methoxypsoralen 5-Methoxypsoralen: A linear furanocoumarin that has phototoxic and anti-inflammatory properties, with effects similar to METHOXSALEN. It is used in PUVA THERAPY for the treatment of PSORIASIS.. 5-methoxypsoralen : A 5-methoxyfurocoumarin that is psoralen substituted by a methoxy group at position 5.	2.41	2	0	5-methoxyfurocoumarin; organic heterotricyclic compound; psoralens	hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
beta-naphthoflavone beta-Naphthoflavone: A polyaromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P4501A1 and P4501A2 cytochromes. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 Dec:207(3):302-308). beta-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the f side of flavone.	3.1	1	0	extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist
betaxolol [no description available]	2.04	1	0	propanolamine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bethanechol Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.	2.03	1	0	carbamate ester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscarinic agonist
bay h 4502 bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1.	2	1	0	biphenyls; imidazoles
biperiden Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.	2.04	1	0	piperidines; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antidote to sarin poisoning; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
bisbenzimidazole Bisbenzimidazole: A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis.	2.68	3	0	bibenzimidazole; N-methylpiperazine	anthelminthic drug; fluorochrome
bisindolylmaleimide i bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide	1.99	1	0
bisoprolol Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.	2.04	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bromazepam Bromazepam: One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.	2	1	0	organic molecular entity
bromhexine Bromhexine: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744). bromhexine : A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum).	2.41	1	0	organobromine compound; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	mucolytic
seratrodast [no description available]	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
bronopol [no description available]	3.56	2	0	nitro compound
bumetanide [no description available]	3.1	1	0	amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide	diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.	2.74	3	0	aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound
buspirone Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.	2.07	1	0	azaspiro compound; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organic heteropolycyclic compound; piperidones; pyrimidines	anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist
busulfan [no description available]	3	4	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; insect sterilant; teratogenic agent
butacaine butacaine: was MH 1965-92; BUTAPROBENZ & BUTOCAIN were see BUTACAINE 1978-92; use 4-AMINOBENZOIC ACID to search BUTACAINE 1966-92	1.94	1	0	benzoate ester
butamben butamben: structure. butamben : An amino acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol. Its local anaesthetic properties have been used for surface anaesthesia of the skin and mucous membranes, and for relief of pain and itching associated with some anorectal disorders.	2.5	2	0	amino acid ester; benzoate ester; primary amino compound; substituted aniline	local anaesthetic
cacodylic acid dimethylarsinic acid : The organoarsenic compound that is arsenic acid substituted on the central arsenic atom with two methyl groups.	2.67	3	0	organoarsenic compound	xenobiotic metabolite
caffeine [no description available]	5.72	32	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	3.85	11	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available]	5.32	17	0	bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone	plant metabolite
candesartan cilexetil candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects	2.1	1	0	biphenyls
cannabinol Cannabinol: A physiologically inactive constituent of Cannabis sativa L.	2.82	2	0	dibenzopyran
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	9.69	8	0	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
carbofuran Carbofuran: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic insecticide, an acaricide, and nematocide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.48	2	0	1-benzofurans; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nematicide
carvedilol [no description available]	2.41	1	0	carbazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.	2.66	3	0	hydrazone; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; ionophore
cefuroxime Cefuroxime: Broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. It has been proposed for infections with gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, GONORRHEA, and HAEMOPHILUS.. cefuroxime : A 3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin compound having a 7-(2Z)-2-(furan-2-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido side chain.	2	1	0	carbamate ester; cephalosporin
cetirizine Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.	2.76	3	0	ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; piperazines	anti-allergic agent; environmental contaminant; H1-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
cetyltrimethylammonium ion Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.	5.77	27	0	quaternary ammonium ion
cetyl alcohol cetyl alcohol: has been used for eczema, skin irritations; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hexadecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of sixteen carbon atoms.. hexadecan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is hexadecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.	2.01	1	0	hexadecanol; long-chain primary fatty alcohol	algal metabolite; flavouring agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite
cetylpyridinium Cetylpyridinium: Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.	2.7	3	0	pyridinium ion
cgp 12177 CGP 12177 : A benzimidazole that is benzimidazol-2-one substituted at position 4 by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group.	2.03	1	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic antagonist
chelerythrine chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.	2.58	2	0	benzophenanthridine alkaloid; organic cation	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
chloral hydrate [no description available]	4.44	7	0	aldehyde hydrate; ethanediol; organochlorine compound	general anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; sedative; xenobiotic
chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	2.39	2	0	aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.	3.97	4	0	benzodiazepine
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	6.17	18	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chlorothiazide Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.	1.94	1	0	benzothiadiazine	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.	3.81	3	0	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	4.85	11	0	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	3.11	5	0	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
chlorthalidone Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.	6.96	1	0	isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes; sulfonamide
chlorzoxazone Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.	2.07	1	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; heteroaryl hydroxy compound; organochlorine compound	muscle relaxant; sedative
cilostazol [no description available]	2.49	2	0	lactam; tetrazoles	anticoagulant; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; fibrin modulating drug; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	8.62	9	0	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
eucalyptol [no description available]	3.47	7	0
ciprofibrate [no description available]	3.1	1	0	cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	antilipemic drug
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	3.9	11	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.	2.47	2	0	2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound
clenbuterol Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.7	3	0	amino alcohol; dichlorobenzene; ethanolamines; primary arylamine; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent
clobazam Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics.	2.41	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
clofazimine Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.	1.98	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenazines	dye; leprostatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate	4.44	7	0	aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist
clofibric acid Clofibric Acid: An antilipemic agent that is the biologically active metabolite of CLOFIBRATE.. clofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is isobutyric acid substituted at position 2 by a p-chlorophenoxy group. It is a metabolite of the drug clofibrate.	4	4	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; herbicide; marine xenobiotic metabolite; PPARalpha agonist
clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.	2.79	3	0	dibenzoazepine	anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	7.69	3	0	clonidine; imidazoline
4-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide [no description available]	3.1	1	0	sulfonamide
clotiazepam clotiazepam: was heading 1975-94 (see under AZEPINES 1978-90; was Y 6047 see under AZEPINES 1975-77); Y 6047 was see CLOTIAZEPAM 1978-94; use AZEPINES to search CLOTIAZEPAM 1975-94; thienodiazepine derivative with actions similar to those of benzodiazepines	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
clotrimazole [no description available]	2.38	2	0	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes	antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
coumaphos Coumaphos: A organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an anthelmintic, insecticide, and as a nematocide.	1.99	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organochlorine compound; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; antinematodal drug; avicide; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
4-cresol 4-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-cresol : A cresol that consists of toluene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It is a metabolite of aromatic amino acid metabolism produced by intestinal microflora in humans and animals.	4.93	11	0	cresol	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; uremic toxin
cycloleucine Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.	2.4	2	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	EC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
cypermethrin cypermethrin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile.. zeta-cypermethrin : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising the isomeric pair (1R)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaR)-cypermethrin together with the isomeric pair (1S)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaS)-cypermethrin where the ratio between the isomeric pairs lies in the range 45:55 to 55:45.	2.42	2	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound	agrochemical; molluscicide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
cyproheptadine Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.	4.19	5	0	piperidines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; gastrointestinal drug; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
cystamine [no description available]	1.94	1	0	organic disulfide; primary amino compound	EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor
damnacanthal damnacanthal: structure given in first source; isolated from the stem bark and roots of Morinda lucida; a selective inhibitor of p56(lck) tyrosine kinase activity	2.06	1	0	aldehyde; monohydroxyanthraquinone
danthron danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.	3.1	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
dantrolene Dantrolene: Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.. dantrolene : The hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furfural with 1-aminohydantoin. A ryanodine receptor antagonist used for the relief of chronic severe spasticity and malignant hyperthermia.	2.03	1	0	hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione	muscle relaxant; neuroprotective agent; ryanodine receptor antagonist
dapi DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.	4.34	4	0	indoles	fluorochrome
dapsone [no description available]	4.49	4	0	substituted aniline; sulfone	anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug
decanoic acid decanoate : A fatty acid anion 10:0 that is the conjugate base of decanoic acid.. decanoic acid : A C10, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	8.5	2	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
deferiprone Deferiprone: A pyridone derivative and iron chelator that is used in the treatment of IRON OVERLOAD in patients with THALASSEMIA.. deferiprone : A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is pyridin-4(1H)-one substituted at positions 1 and 2 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxy group. A lipid-soluble iron-chelator used for treatment of thalassaemia.	2.17	1	0	4-pyridones	iron chelator; protective agent
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.	2.37	2	0	acyclic desferrioxamine	bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore
desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.	4.22	5	0	dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
nordazepam Nordazepam: An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.. nordazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety.	2.44	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; human metabolite; sedative
amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.	4.88	11	0	primary amine
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	10.56	22	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	2.37	2	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
dibenzothiophene dibenzothiophene : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a thiophene ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.	2.05	1	0	dibenzothiophenes; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent	keratolytic drug
methylene bromide methylene bromide: RN given refers to parent cpd. dibromomethane : A member of the class of bromomethanes that is methane substituted by two bromo groups. It is produced by marine algae.	2.21	1	0	bromohydrocarbon; bromomethanes	algal metabolite; marine metabolite
dibutyl phthalate Dibutyl Phthalate: A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure.. dibutyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of butan-1-ol. Although used extensively as a plasticiser, it is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that poses a risk to humans.	3.45	7	0	diester; phthalate ester	EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; metabolite; plasticiser; teratogenic agent
dichlobanil 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile : A nitrile that is benzonitrile which is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 6. A cellulose synthesis inhibitor, it is used as a pre-emergent and early post-emergent herbicide.	2.1	1	0	dichlorobenzene; nitrile	agrochemical; cellulose synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	9.37	19	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene: An organochlorine pesticide, it is the ethylene metabolite of DDT.	2.43	2	0	chlorophenylethylene; monochlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite; persistent organic pollutant
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source	3.67	10	0	benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant
dichlorvos Dichlorvos: An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE.. dichlorvos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate.	2.04	1	0	alkenyl phosphate; dialkyl phosphate; organochlorine acaricide; organophosphate insecticide	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
diethyl pyrocarbonate Diethyl Pyrocarbonate: Preservative for wines, soft drinks, and fruit juices and a gentle esterifying agent.. diethyl pyrocarbonate : The diethyl ester of dicarbonic acid.	2.07	1	0	acyclic carboxylic anhydride
pentetic acid Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.	2.37	2	0	pentacarboxylic acid	copper chelator
diflunisal Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.	3.8	3	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid; organofluorine compound	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dimercaprol Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.	2.66	3	0	dithiol; primary alcohol	chelator
dimethoate Dimethoate: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide.. dimethoate : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-methylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group attached to the carbonyl moiety is replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.	7.7	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	4.32	6	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
diphenyleneiodonium diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine.	2.74	3	0	organic cation
benzophenone benzophenone : The simplest member of the class of benzophenones, being formaldehyde in which both hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.	2.69	3	0	benzophenones	photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	2.39	2	0	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
dipyrithione [no description available]	1.96	1	0	pyridinium ion
disulfiram [no description available]	4.66	9	0	organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor
diuron Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group.	3.27	6	0	3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; dichlorobenzene	environmental contaminant; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; photosystem-II inhibitor; urea herbicide; xenobiotic
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	5.03	7	0	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
domperidone Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.	2.49	2	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist
donepezil Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether; indanones; piperidines; racemate	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
doxazosin Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.	4.1	3	1	aromatic amine; benzodioxine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; vasodilator agent
doxepin Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug.	3.1	1	0	dibenzooxepine; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant
doxylamine Doxylamine: Histamine H1 antagonist with pronounced sedative properties. It is used in allergies and as an antitussive, antiemetic, and hypnotic. Doxylamine has also been administered in veterinary applications and was formerly used in PARKINSONISM.	3.57	2	0	pyridines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antitussive; cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; sedative
econazole Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.	2.06	1	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine 9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine: specific inhibitor of adenosine deaminase	2.38	2	0
ellipticine ellipticine : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole carrying two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 11.	2.03	1	0	indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; polycyclic heteroarene	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.	4.71	8	0	trihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
endosulfan Endosulfan: A polychlorinated compound used for controlling a variety of insects. It is practically water-insoluble, but readily adheres to clay particles and persists in soil and water for several years. Its mode of action involves repetitive nerve-discharges positively correlated to increase in temperature. This compound is extremely toxic to most fish. (From Comp Biochem Physiol (C) 1993 Jul;105(3):347-61). endosulfan : A cyclic sulfite ester that is 1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine 3-oxide substituted by chloro groups at positions 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 10.	2.01	1	0	cyclic sulfite ester; cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; persistent organic pollutant
enflurane Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.	2.04	1	0	ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	anaesthetic
epinastine epinastine: RN given refers parent cpd. epinastine : A benzazepine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,e]azepine in which the azepine ring is fused to the e side of 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine.	2.02	1	0	benzazepine; guanidines	anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; ophthalmology drug
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	3.68	10	0
ethacrynic acid Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.	3.47	2	0	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic
ethenzamide ethenzamide: structure	2.44	2	0	organic molecular entity
ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.	6.2	44	0	ether; volatile organic compound	inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
ethion ethion: minor descriptor (73-82); online & Index Medicus search INSECTICIDES, ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATE (73-82). ethion : An organic thiophosphate that is S,S'-methanediyl bis[dihydrogen (phosphorodithioate)] in which all the hydroxy groups have been converted to their corresponding ethyl esters respectively. Ethion is an organophosphate insecticide with inhibitory activity towards the enzyme acetylcholinesterase ( EC 3.1.1.7).	2.42	2	0	organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide
ethosuximide Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.	2.08	1	0	dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector; T-type calcium channel blocker
ethoxyquin Ethoxyquin: Antioxidant; also a post-harvest dip to prevent scald on apples and pears.. ethoxyquin : A quinoline that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline bearing three methyl substituents at position 2, 2 and 4 as well as an ethoxy substituent at position 6.	6.96	1	0	aromatic ether; quinolines	antifungal agrochemical; food antioxidant; genotoxin; geroprotector; herbicide; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activator
ethoxyresorufin ethoxyresorufin: structure	2.44	2	0	phenoxazine
eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester [no description available]	2.25	1	0
ethylenediamine ethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; edamine is the recommended contraction for the ethylenediamine radical. ethylenediamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine in which the alkane is ethane.	3.43	7	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	GABA agonist
brl 42810 [no description available]	2.44	2	0	2-aminopurines; acetate ester	antiviral drug; prodrug
famotidine Famotidine: A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.	2.74	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide	anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group.	2.65	3	0	aromatic ether; hydrazone; nitrile; organofluorine compound	ATP synthase inhibitor; geroprotector; ionophore
felodipine Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.	2.77	3	0	dichlorobenzene; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
fenbendazole Fenbendazole: Antinematodal benzimidazole used in veterinary medicine.. fenbendazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted at positons 2 and 5 by (methoxycarbonyl)amino and phenylsulfanediyl groups, respectively. A broad-spectrum anthelmintic, it is used, particularly in veterinary medicine, for the treatment of nematodal infections.	2.1	1	0	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug
fenbufen fenbufen: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.42	2	0	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; biphenyls	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fendiline Fendiline: Coronary vasodilator; inhibits calcium function in muscle cells in excitation-contraction coupling; proposed as antiarrhythmic and antianginal agents.	2.1	1	0	diarylmethane
fenfluramine Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.	2.69	3	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; secondary amino compound	appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
fenofibrate Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; chlorobenzophenone; isopropyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
fenoprofen Fenoprofen: A propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.. fenoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 3-phenoxyphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the dihydrate form of the calcium salt is used for the management of mild to moderate pain and for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with disorders such as arthritis. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding.	4.05	4	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
berotek Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.	3.1	1	0	resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
fenspiride fenspiride: was heading 1975-94 (see under SPIRO COMPOUNDS 1975-90); use SPIRO COMPOUNDS to search FENSPIRIDE 1975-94; bronchodilator agent used in asthma	2.17	1	0	azaspiro compound
fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	2.91	4	0	anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
fenvalerate fenvalerate: synthetic pyrethroid; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenvalerate : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.	2.44	2	0	aromatic ether; carboxylic ester; monochlorobenzenes	pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
fexofenadine fexofenadine: a second generation antihistamine; metabolite of the antihistaminic drug terfenadine; structure in first source; RN refers to HCl. fexofenadine : A piperidine-based anti-histamine compound.	7.02	1	0	piperidines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist
fipronil fipronil: has low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source. fipronil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fipronil.. 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole that is substituted at positions 1, 3, 4, and 5 by 2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, cyano, (trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl, and amino groups, respectively.	2.72	3	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; dichlorobenzene; nitrile; primary amino compound; pyrazoles; sulfoxide
flecainide Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).	2.21	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; organofluorine compound; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug
floctafenine floctafenine: was heading 1979-94 (see under ANTHRANILIC ACIDS 1979-80); use ANTHRANILIC ACIDS to search FLOCTAFENINE 1979-94; anti-inflammatory analgesic similar in action to aspirin; it inhibits prostaglandin synthesis	2.06	1	0	organic molecular entity
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	3.3	6	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
flucytosine Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.	2.11	1	0	aminopyrimidine; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine antifungal drug; pyrimidone	prodrug
fludiazepam fludiazepam: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	anxiolytic drug
flufenamic acid Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.	2.95	4	0	aromatic amino acid; organofluorine compound	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluphenazine [no description available]	8.98	4	0	N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	anticoronaviral agent; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.	2.42	2	0	ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound	antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist
flumequine flumequine: structure. flumequine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-flumequine. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, formerly used in veterinary medicine for stock breeding and treatment of aquacultures.. 9-fluoro-5-methyl-1-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-2-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyridoquinolines that is 1-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline carrying additional carboxy, methyl and fluoro substituents at positions 2, 5 and 9 respectively.	2.74	3	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; pyridoquinoline; quinolone antibiotic
flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.	3.13	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound; monofluorobenzenes	anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative
fluorescite fluorescein (acid form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent and commonly used as a fluorescent tracer.	3.1	1	0	benzoic acids; cyclic ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; phenols; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	3.91	12	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	8.3	6	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.	8.99	13	0	fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
flutamide Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.	7.46	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
fomepizole Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4.	12.8	101	6	pyrazoles	antidote; EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor; protective agent
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	6.5	54	0	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
fusaric acid Fusaric Acid: A picolinic acid derivative isolated from various Fusarium species. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic applications but is primarily used as a research tool. Its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. It probably inhibits DOPAMINE BETA-HYDROXYLASE, the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine. It may also have other actions, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis.	7.25	1	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.	3.01	4	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	9.12	15	0
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; a oxidative product of saligenin. 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 5-positions.	3.28	6	0	dihydroxybenzoic acid	EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human metabolite; MALDI matrix material; mouse metabolite
glafenine Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market.	2.06	1	0	aminoquinoline; carboxylic ester; glycol; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gliclazide Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.	2.07	1	0	N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; radical scavenger
glimepiride glimepiride: structure given in first source	2.44	2	0	sulfonamide
glipizide Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	2.48	2	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-sulfonylurea; pyrazines	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.	12.63	34	1	dialdehyde	cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative
glutethimide Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.	4.48	4	0	piperidines
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	4.15	15	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
glyphosate glyphosate: active cpd in herbicidal formulation Roundup; inhibits EC 2.5.1.19, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase; structure. glyphosate : A phosphonic acid resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid with the amino group of glycine. It is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, and the only one to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS).	3.43	7	0	glycine derivative; phosphonic acid	agrochemical; EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; herbicide
gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.	7.93	4	0
guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.	5.06	13	0	methoxybenzenes
guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.	4.38	20	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.	2.03	1	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	6.27	27	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
halothane [no description available]	3.35	7	0	haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
haloxazolam haloxazolam: structure	1.98	1	0	organic molecular entity
hexachlorophene Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.	1.97	1	0	bridged diphenyl fungicide; polyphenol; trichlorobenzene	acaricide; antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug
hexestrol [no description available]	1.94	1	0	stilbenoid
hexetidine Hexetidine: A bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)	2.01	1	0	organic heteromonocyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.	3.36	7	0	barbiturates
hexoprenaline Hexoprenaline: Stimulant of adrenergic beta 2 receptors. It is used as a bronchodilator, antiasthmatic agent, and tocolytic agent.	3.05	1	0
beta-thujaplicin beta-thujaplicin: structure. beta-thujaplicin : A monoterpenoid that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and an isopropyl group at position 4. Isolated from Thuja plicata and Chamaecyparis obtusa, it exhibits antimicrobial activities.	2.02	1	0	cyclic ketone; enol; monoterpenoid	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiplasmodial drug; plant metabolite
ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.	8.57	9	0	phenanthridines	fluorochrome; intercalator
hycanthone Hycanthone: Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.. hycanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel.	1.94	1	0	thioxanthenes	mutagen; schistosomicide drug
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	3.28	6	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.	2.03	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug
hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.	2.44	2	0	hydroxyether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine	anticoronaviral agent; antipruritic drug; anxiolytic drug; dermatologic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
hypericin [no description available]	8.74	10	0
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	6.14	23	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	4.99	9	1	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
idebenone [no description available]	7.41	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; primary alcohol	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor
ifosfamide [no description available]	2.54	2	0	ifosfamides	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	4.91	11	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
indapamide Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.	2.04	1	0	indoles; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
indole-3-carbinol indole-3-carbinol: occurs in edible cruciferous vegetables. indole-3-methanol : An indolyl alcohol carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It is a constituent of the cruciferous vegetables and had anticancer activity.	2.93	4	0	indolyl alcohol	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	6.75	43	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
indoprofen Indoprofen: A drug that has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Following reports of adverse reactions including reports of carcinogenicity in animal studies it was withdrawn from the market worldwide. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p21). indoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(1-oxo-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)phenyl group. Initially used as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic, it was withdrawn from the market due to causing severe gastrointestinal bleeding. It has been subsequently found to increase production of the survival motor neuron protein.	2	1	0	gamma-lactam; isoindoles; monocarboxylic acid	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
iodoacetamide [no description available]	2.37	2	0
iproniazid [no description available]	2.63	3	0	carbohydrazide; pyridines
avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.	2.03	1	0	azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.	2.42	2	0	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	6.84	12	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	12.34	190	1	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
propyphenazone propyphenazone: structure. propyphenazone : A pyrazolone derivative that is antipyrine substituted at C-4 by an isopropyl group.	2.46	2	0	pyrazolone	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	7.62	18	3	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
isoxsuprine Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor.	2.04	1	0	alkylbenzene
juglone juglone: structure. juglone : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. A plant-derived 1,4-naphthoquinone with confirmed antibacterial and antitumor activities.	2.48	2	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone	geroprotector; herbicide; reactive oxygen species generator
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	9.24	5	0	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	2.93	4	0	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	5.01	12	0	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ketorolac Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.	2.05	1	0	amino acid; aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrrolizines; racemate	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ketotifen Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect.	3.1	1	0	cyclic ketone; olefinic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	anti-asthmatic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
khellin Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.	2.48	2	0	furanochromone; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle	anti-asthmatic agent; bronchodilator agent; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
kynurenic acid Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.	2.68	3	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-phenylglycine 2-phenylglycine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. alpha-phenylglycine : An amino acid with a structure in which a phenyl ring is bonded to the alpha-carbon of glycine.	2.03	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	human metabolite
labetalol Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.	3.1	1	0	benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
lamotrigine [no description available]	3.5	2	0	1,2,4-triazines; dichlorobenzene; primary arylamine	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; antimanic drug; calcium channel blocker; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; excitatory amino acid antagonist; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; xenobiotic
lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.	2.44	2	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
beta-lapachone beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.	2.13	1	0	benzochromenone; orthoquinones	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
lauric acid dodecanoic acid : A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.	4.24	5	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; antibacterial agent; plant metabolite
letrozole [no description available]	2.75	3	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
lithium hydroxide lithium hydroxide: used for tryptophan determinations in proteins & foods; RN given refers to cpd with MF of Li-OH	6.97	1	0	alkali metal hydroxide
lomefloxacin lomefloxacin: structure given in first source. lomefloxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery.	2.46	2	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; photosensitizing agent
lomustine [no description available]	2.33	2	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
loperamide Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.	3.46	7	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist
loratadine Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.	2.73	3	0	benzocycloheptapyridine; ethyl ester; N-acylpiperidine; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist
lorazepam Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.	4.21	5	0	benzodiazepine
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position	4.09	4	0	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
loxapine Loxapine: An antipsychotic agent used in SCHIZOPHRENIA.	3.53	2	0	dibenzooxazepine	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source	2.11	1	0	chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound	autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
mabuterol mabuterol: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.	2.7	3	0	diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate
maprotiline Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.	2.41	1	0	anthracenes
mebendazole Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.	2.87	3	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
mebeverine mebeverine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.08	1	0	methoxybenzoic acid
mechlorethamine nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.	2.86	4	0	nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent
meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.05	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
meclofenoxate Meclofenoxate: An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid.	2.39	2	0	monocarboxylic acid
medazepam Medazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used in the treatment of anxiety. It has sedative, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant properties. One of its metabolites is DIAZEPAM and one of its excretion products is OXAZEPAM.	7.4	2	0	organic molecular entity
mefenamic acid Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	3.02	4	0	aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound	analgesic; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.	3.88	4	0	1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical
meperidine Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.	3.47	2	0	ethyl ester; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
meprobamate Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)	3.45	2	0	organic molecular entity
merbromin Merbromin: A once-popular mercury containing topical antiseptic.. merbromin : An organic sodium salt that is 2,7-dibromo-4-hydroxymercurifluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.	1.97	1	0
mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.	3.81	3	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mescaline Mescaline: Hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from the flowering heads (peyote) of Lophophora (formerly Anhalonium) williamsii, a Mexican cactus used in Indian religious rites and as an experimental psychotomimetic. Among its cellular effects are agonist actions at some types of serotonin receptors. It has no accepted therapeutic uses although it is legal for religious use by members of the Native American Church.. mescaline : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is phenethylamine substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by methoxy groups.	1.94	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenethylamine alkaloid; primary amino compound	hallucinogen
mesoridazine Mesoridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to CHLORPROMAZINE.. mesoridazine : A phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group.	2.04	1	0	phenothiazines; sulfoxide; tertiary amino compound	dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
metaproterenol Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself.	2.65	3	0	aralkylamino compound; phenylethanolamines; resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	4.04	13	0	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
methacrylic acid methacrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methacrylic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a methyl group.	3.31	6	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid
methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.	4.45	7	0	benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound
methenamine Methenamine: An anti-infective agent most commonly used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Its anti-infective action derives from the slow release of formaldehyde by hydrolysis at acidic pH. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p173). hexamethylenetetramine : A polycyclic cage that is adamantane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 3, 5 and 7 are replaced by nitrogen atoms.	4.91	6	0	polyazaalkane; polycyclic cage; tetramine	antibacterial drug
methomyl Methomyl: A carbamate insecticide with anticholinesterase activity.. methomyl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of methylcarbamic acid with the hydroxy group of 1-(methylsulfanyl)acetaldoxime.	7.94	4	0	aliphatic sulfide; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; nematicide; xenobiotic
methoxyamine methoxyamine: analytical reagent for aldehydes and ketones; strong irritant, can probably produce methemoglobinemia; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.15	1	0	organooxygen compound
methoxsalen Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.	2.89	4	0	aromatic ether; psoralens	antineoplastic agent; cross-linking reagent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
methoxyflurane Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.	2.38	2	0	ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	hepatotoxic agent; inhalation anaesthetic; nephrotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic
methyclothiazide Methyclothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825)	1.99	1	0	benzothiadiazine
methyl parathion Methyl Parathion: The methyl homolog of parathion. An effective, but highly toxic, organothiophosphate insecticide and cholinesterase inhibitor.. parathion-methyl : A C-nitro compound that is 4-nitrophenol substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.	2.01	1	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; genotoxin
methyl salicylate methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.	11.01	101	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; salicylates	flavouring agent; insect attractant; metabolite
methyl methanesulfonate [no description available]	2.94	4	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
methylphenidate Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.	2.38	2	0	beta-amino acid ester; methyl ester; piperidines
metolachlor metolachlor: structure given in first source. metolachlor : A racemate that consists of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-metolachlor.. 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)acetamide : An organochlorine compound that is 2-chloroacetamide substituted by a (2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl) group at the nitrogen atom.	2.6	1	0	aromatic amide; benzenes; ether; organochlorine compound
metolazone Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.	3.83	2	1	organochlorine compound; quinazolines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; ion transport inhibitor
metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.	3.44	7	0	aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	4.54	7	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
metyrapone Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.	4.14	5	0	aromatic ketone	antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mexiletine Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.	3.1	1	0	aromatic ether; primary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.	3.16	5	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist
miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.	2.11	1	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.	2.51	2	0	imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
mirtazapine Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.	2.47	2	0	benzazepine; tetracyclic antidepressant	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; oneirogen; serotonergic antagonist
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	3.1	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
modafinil Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group.	2.06	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfoxide
monodansylcadaverine monodansylcadaverine: inhibits cross linkage of fibrin. monodansylcadaverine : A sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid with one of the amino groups of cadaverine.	1.99	1	0	aminonaphthalene; primary amino compound; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; protective agent
myristicin myristicin: asaricin is an isomer; structure; a methylene dioxy version of elemicin;	2.07	1	0	organic molecular entity	metabolite
deet N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide.	2.02	1	0	benzamides; monocarboxylic acid amide	environmental contaminant; insect repellent; xenobiotic
ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.	2.88	4	0	maleimides	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
n-methylephedrine N-methylephedrine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0	amphetamines
n-methyl-dl-aspartic acid [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aspartic acid derivative
fenamic acid fenamic acid: has chloride and potassium channel-blocking activity; RN given refers to parent cpd. fenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is the N-phenyl derivative of anthranilic acid. It acts as a parent skeleton for the synthesis of several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.	2.05	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound	membrane transport modulator
apnea Apnea: A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.	2.68	3	0	purine nucleoside
nafoxidine Nafoxidine: An estrogen antagonist that has been used in the treatment of breast cancer.	1.95	1	0	benzenes; naphthalenes; ring assembly
nalidixic acid [no description available]	2.04	1	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
naratriptan naratriptan: structure given in first source	2.13	1	0	heteroarylpiperidine; sulfonamide; tryptamines	serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
neostigmine Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.	2.68	3	0	quaternary ammonium ion	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nevirapine Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.	2.42	2	0	cyclopropanes; dipyridodiazepine	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nialamide Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.	3.73	2	1	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
niclosamide Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.	7.85	3	0	benzamides; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; salicylanilides; secondary carboxamide	anthelminthic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antiparasitic agent; apoptosis inducer; molluscicide; piscicide; STAT3 inhibitor
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	3.52	8	0	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
niflumic acid Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.	2.13	1	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
nilvadipine [no description available]	2	1	0	dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester; nitrile
nimesulide nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.	2.49	2	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimetazepam nimetazepam : A nitrazepam which is substituted at positions 1 by a methyl group. It is used as an anticonvulsant and as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia.	2.05	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound	anticonvulsant; antispasmodic drug; GABA modulator; sedative
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	2.11	1	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
nitidine nitidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym NSC 146397 refers to chloride; structure	2.11	1	0	phenanthridines
nitrazepam Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome).	2.71	3	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound	anticonvulsant; antispasmodic drug; drug metabolite; GABA modulator; sedative
nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.	4.04	3	1	nitroglycerol	explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	7.73	3	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
nortriptyline Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.	3.85	3	0	organic tricyclic compound; secondary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite
o(6)-benzylguanine O(6)-benzylguanine: a suicide inhibitor of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity	1.99	1	0
octopamine Octopamine: An alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetic amine, biosynthesized from tyramine in the CNS and platelets and also in invertebrate nervous systems. It is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. The natural D(-) form is more potent than the L(+) form in producing cardiovascular adrenergic responses. It is also a neurotransmitter in some invertebrates.. octopamine : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by a 2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl group. A biogenic phenylethanolamine which has been found to act as a neurotransmitter, neurohormone or neuromodulator in invertebrates.	2.38	2	0	phenylethanolamines; tyramines	neurotransmitter
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	8.78	10	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	2.48	2	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.	2	1	0	carbazoles
orphenadrine Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.	3.48	2	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; NMDA receptor antagonist; parasympatholytic
oxonic acid Oxonic Acid: Antagonist of urate oxidase.	2.47	2	0	1,3,5-triazines; monocarboxylic acid
1,2-cyclohexanediamine 1,2-cyclohexanediamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.46	2	0	primary aliphatic amine
oxazepam Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.	9.21	5	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).	2.78	3	0	benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound	drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin
oxolinic acid quinolone antibiotic : An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton.	2.43	2	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; enzyme inhibitor
oxotremorine Oxotremorine: A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool.	1.96	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine
oxprenolol Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.	2.68	3	0	aromatic ether
oxybenzone oxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.	2.47	2	0	hydroxybenzophenone; monomethoxybenzene	dermatologic drug; environmental contaminant; protective agent; ultraviolet filter; xenobiotic
oxymetazoline Oxymetazoline: A direct acting sympathomimetic used as a vasoconstrictor to relieve nasal congestion. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1251). oxymetazoline : A member of the class of phenols that is 2,4-dimethylphenol which is substituted at positions 3 and 6 by 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl and tert-butyl groups, respectively. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with marked alpha-adrenergic activity, it is a vasoconstrictor that is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to relieve nasal congestion.	2.03	1	0	carboxamidine; imidazolines; phenols	alpha-adrenergic agonist; nasal decongestant; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
oxyphenbutazone Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.	3.78	3	0	phenols; pyrazolidines	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; drug metabolite; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite
oxyphencyclimine oxyphencyclimine: minor descriptor (65-85); on-line & Index Medicus search PYRIMIDINES (65-85); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	1.99	1	0	monocarboxylic acid
aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.	3.45	2	0	aminobenzoic acid; phenols	antitubercular agent
quinone benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).	3.41	7	0	1,4-benzoquinones	cofactor; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
fenclonine Fenclonine: A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin.	2.39	2	0	phenylalanine derivative
pantoprazole Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.	2.44	2	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	3.37	7	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
4-chlorophenol 4-chlorophenol: used as a root canal irrigant. 4-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol substituted at the pare position by a chlorine atom.	2.44	2	0	monochlorophenol
pargyline Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.	2.63	3	0	aromatic amine
patulin Patulin: 4-Hydroxy-4H-furo(3,2-c)pyran-2(6H)-one. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is found in unfermented apple and grape juice and field crops. It has antibiotic properties and has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic and causes chromosome damage in biological systems.. patulin : A furopyran and lactone that is (2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4 and in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has condensed with the carboxy group to give the corresponding bicyclic lactone. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, it has antibiotic properties but has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic.	2.81	3	0	furopyran; gamma-lactone; lactol	antimicrobial agent; Aspergillus metabolite; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite
pd 153035 4-((3-bromophenyl)amino)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline: structure given in first source. PD-153035 : A member of the class of quinazolines carrying a 3-bromophenylamino substituent at position 4 and two methoxy substituents at positions 6 and 7.	1.99	1	0	aromatic amine; aromatic ether; bromobenzenes; quinazolines; secondary amino compound	EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.	2.39	2	0	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	10.25	20	0	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline [no description available]	1.99	1	0	oxopurine
perphenazine Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.	2.37	2	0	N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione	8.1	5	0	acetamides; aromatic ether	cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
phenazopyridine Phenazopyridine: A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.. phenazopyridine : A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.	2.02	1	0	diaminopyridine; monoazo compound	anticoronaviral agent; carcinogenic agent; local anaesthetic; non-narcotic analgesic
phenazine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	azaarene; heteranthrene; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; phenazines; polycyclic heteroarene
pheniramine Pheniramine: One of the HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS with little sedative action. It is used in treatment of hay fever, rhinitis, allergic dermatoses, and pruritus.	3.47	2	0	pyridines; tertiary amino compound
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	5.71	27	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
phenolphthalein Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.	3.55	2	0	phenols
phenolsulfonphthalein Phenolsulfonphthalein: Red dye, pH indicator, and diagnostic aid for determination of renal function. It is used also for studies of the gastrointestinal and other systems.. phenol red : 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups. A pH indicator changing colour from yellow below pH 6.8 to bright pink above pH 8.2, it is commonly used as an indicator in cell cultures and in home swimming pool test kits. It is also used in the (now infrequently performed) phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) test for estimation of overall blood flow through the kidney.	3.53	2	0	2,1-benzoxathiole; arenesulfonate ester; phenols; sultone	acid-base indicator; diagnostic agent; two-colour indicator
phenoxybenzamine Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.	3.78	2	1	aromatic amine
4-phenylbutyric acid 4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.	2.07	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; prodrug
phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.	5.07	14	0	pyrazolidines	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.	2.69	3	0	acyl fluoride	serine proteinase inhibitor
phloretin [no description available]	2.89	4	0	dihydrochalcones	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
phorate Phorate: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.. phosphatidylcholine O-34:2 : A glycerophosphocholine that is an alkyl,acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alkyl or acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 contain a total of 34 carbons and 2 double bonds.	1.97	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
phosalone phosalone: structure. phosalone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles carrying a [(diethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at the nitrogen atom, an oxo group at position 2 and a chloro group at position 6. It is an organothiophosphate insecticide.	1.97	1	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; carbamate ester; organochlorine insecticide; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
o-phthalaldehyde o-Phthalaldehyde: A reagent that forms fluorescent conjugation products with primary amines. It is used for the detection of many biogenic amines, peptides, and proteins in nanogram quantities in body fluids.. phthalaldehyde : A dialdehyde in which two formyl groups are attached to adjacent carbon centres on a benzene ring.	3.11	5	0	benzaldehydes; dialdehyde	epitope
pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.	3.29	6	0	indoles; secondary amine	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
piperazine [no description available]	7.72	3	0	azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	anthelminthic drug
piracetam Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.	2.45	2	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	9.97	39	0	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
potassium iodide Potassium Iodide: An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed). potassium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals.	3.23	6	0	potassium salt	expectorant; radical scavenger
4-aminobenzoic acid para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid.	3.09	5	0	aminobenzoate; aromatic amino-acid anion	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
practolol Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.. practolol : N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	2.44	2	0	acetamides; ethanolamines; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist
praziquantel azinox: Russian drug	2.44	2	0	isoquinolines
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.	3.12	5	0	aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
primaquine Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.	3.49	2	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; N-substituted diamine	antimalarial
proadifen Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.	2.86	4	0	diarylmethane
probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.	8.81	3	0	benzoic acids; sulfonamide	uricosuric drug
procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	3.97	4	0	benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker
procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.	3.34	7	0	benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug
procarbazine Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.	1.95	1	0	benzamides; hydrazines	antineoplastic agent
prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.	2.35	2	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antiemetic; cholinergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic
procyclidine Procyclidine: A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.. procyclidine : A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3.	2.41	1	0	pyrrolidines; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist
promazine Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.	2.37	2	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist
promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.	3.74	3	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative
propanil Propanil: A chlorinated anilide that is used as an herbicide.. propanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of propanoic acid with the amino group of 3,4-dichloroaniline. It is a herbicide used for the treatment of numerous grasses and broad-leaved weeds in rice, potatoes, and wheat.	2.11	1	0	anilide; dichlorobenzene	herbicide
propazine propazine: relatively non-toxic triazine herbicide; minor descriptor (75-82); online & Index Medicus search TRIAZINES (75-82). propazine : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N,N'-di(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.	2.03	1	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
propidium Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.	2.91	4	0	phenanthridines; quaternary ammonium ion	fluorochrome; intercalator
propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.	4.06	4	0	phenols	anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	5.92	33	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
propyl gallate Propyl Gallate: Antioxidant for foods, fats, oils, ethers, emulsions, waxes, and transformer oils.	3.84	3	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid
protoporphyrin ix protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins.	2	1	0
pseudohypericin pseudohypericin: structure given in first source	2.94	4	0
psilocin psilocin: psilocybine minus the phosphate ester; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. psilocin : A tryptamine alkaloid that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 4. A hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated in trace amounts from Psilocybe mushrooms (also known as Teonanacatl or "magic mushrooms").	7.71	3	0	hydroxyindoles; phenols; tertiary amino compound; tryptamine alkaloid	drug metabolite; fungal metabolite; hallucinogen; human xenobiotic metabolite; serotonergic agonist
pyrilamine Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.	3.51	2	0	aromatic ether; ethylenediamine derivative	H1-receptor antagonist
pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds	4.25	3	0	aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxy anthraquinone 1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxy anthraquinone: structure in first source. quinalizarin : A tetrahydroxyanthraquinone having the four hydroxy groups at the 1-, 2-, 5- and 8-positions.	3.1	1	0	tetrahydroxyanthraquinone	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
rabeprazole Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.	2.04	1	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
resorcinol resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7951. resorcinol : A benzenediol that is benzene dihydroxylated at positions 1 and 3.	7.9	4	0	benzenediol; phenolic donor; resorcinols	erythropoietin inhibitor; sensitiser
1,6-bis(cyclohexyloximinocarbonyl)hexane 1,6-bis(cyclohexyloximinocarbonyl)hexane: selective inhibitor of canine platelet diglyceride lipase	1.99	1	0	carbamate ester; organonitrogen compound
risperidone Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.	2.99	4	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
rofecoxib [no description available]	2.03	1	0	butenolide; sulfone	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ropinirole [no description available]	2.04	1	0	indolones; tertiary amine	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; dopamine agonist
saccharin Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.	3.44	7	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
safrole Safrole: A member of the BENZODIOXOLES that is a constituent of several VOLATILE OILS, notably SASSAFRAS oil. It is a precursor in the synthesis of the insecticide PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE and the drug N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA).. safrole : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole which is substituted by an allyl group at position 5. It is found in several plants, including black pepper, cinnamon and nutmeg, and is present in several essential oils, notably that of sassafras. It has insecticidal properties and has been used as a topical antiseptic. Although not thought to pose a significant carcinogenic risk to humans, findings of weak carcinogenicity in rats have resulted in the banning of its (previously widespread) use in perfumes and soaps, and as a food additive.	2.03	1	0	benzodioxoles	flavouring agent; insecticide; metabolite; plant metabolite
salicylamide salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source	4.02	4	0	phenols; salicylamides	antirheumatic drug; non-narcotic analgesic
sanguinarine benzophenanthridine alkaloid : A specific group of isoquinoline alkaloids that occur only in higher plants and are constituents mainly of the Papaveraceae family.	7.05	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; benzophenanthridine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent
secobarbital Secobarbital: A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity.. secobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by prop-2-en-1-yl and pentan-2-yl groups.	2.41	2	0	barbiturates	anaesthesia adjuvant; GABA modulator; sedative
carbamylhydrazine carbamylhydrazine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0	carbohydrazide; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound; ureas
sevoflurane Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.	9.08	3	1	ether; organofluorine compound	central nervous system depressant; inhalation anaesthetic; platelet aggregation inhibitor
sibutramine sibutramine: serotonin and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; Meridia is tradename for sibutramine hydrochloride	2.8	3	0	organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-obesity agent; serotonin uptake inhibitor
sulfadiazine Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.	4.35	6	0	pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; coccidiostat; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
simazine Simazine: A triazine herbicide.. simazine : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N,N'-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.	3.12	5	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
sodium fluoride [no description available]	4.9	8	1	fluoride salt	mutagen
fluoroacetic acid fluoroacetic acid: N1 same as NM; RN given refers to parent cpd. fluoroacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by fluorine.	1.96	1	0	haloacetic acid; organofluorine compound	EC 4.2.1.3 (aconitate hydratase) inhibitor
sodium iodide Sodium Iodide: A compound forming white, odorless deliquescent crystals and used as iodine supplement, expectorant or in its radioactive (I-131) form as an diagnostic aid, particularly for thyroid function tests.. sodium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a Na(+) counterion.	3.12	5	0	inorganic sodium salt; iodide salt
iodoacetic acid Iodoacetic Acid: A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.. iodoacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an iodine atom.	1.97	1	0	haloacetic acid; organoiodine compound	alkylating agent
spiperone Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively.	1.97	1	0	aromatic ketone; azaspiro compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
ponalrestat [no description available]	1.99	1	0	phthalazines
stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.	4.01	14	0	long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
streptonigrin [no description available]	1.99	1	0	pyridines; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).	2.02	1	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
succinylacetone succinylacetone: inhibitor of heme biosynthesis. 4,6-dioxoheptanoic acid : A dioxo monocarboxylic acid that is heptanoic acid in which oxo groups replace the hydrogens at positions 4 and 6. It is an abnormal metabolite of the tyrosine metabolic pathway and a marker for type 1 tyrosinaemia.	2.05	1	0	beta-diketone; dioxo monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite
succinylcholine Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.	1.99	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion; succinate ester	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent
sulfadimethoxine Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.	3.52	2	0	aromatic ether; pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfamerazine [no description available]	2.53	2	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen
sulfamethazine Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	3.78	3	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ligand; xenobiotic
sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.	3.08	4	0	isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
sulfamonomethoxine Sulfamonomethoxine: Long acting sulfonamide antibacterial agent.	2.05	1	0	benzenes; sulfonamide
sulfanilamide [no description available]	2.91	4	0	substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; drug allergen; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulfaphenazole Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent.	2.05	1	0	primary amino compound; pyrazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
sulfapyridine Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.53	2	0	pyridines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; dermatologic drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.	2.5	2	0
sulfathiazole Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	4.05	4	0	1,3-thiazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfinpyrazone Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.	3.1	1	0	pyrazolidines; sulfoxide	uricosuric drug
sulfisomidine Sulfisomidine: A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent.. sulfisomidine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.	2.05	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent
sulfisoxazole Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.	2.05	1	0	isoxazoles; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
sulfobromophthalein Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.	2.64	3	0	2-benzofurans; organobromine compound; organosulfonic acid; phenols	dye
sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.	3.29	6	0	benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide	antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
suprofen Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.	3.1	1	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	antirheumatic drug; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	2.37	2	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
gatifloxacin Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.	3.63	2	0	N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
tegafur [no description available]	2.04	1	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
temazepam Temazepam: A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent.	3.84	3	0	benzodiazepine
temefos Temefos: An organothiophosphate insecticide.. temephos : An organic sulfide that is diphenyl sulfide in which the hydrogen at the para position of each of the phenyl groups has been replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group.	2.41	1	0	organic sulfide; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; ectoparasiticide
temozolomide [no description available]	2.41	1	0	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
terazosin Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia	2.03	1	0	furans; piperazines; primary amino compound; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent
terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	1.95	1	0	phenylethanolamines; resorcinols	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
terfenadine Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.	4.04	4	0	diarylmethane
tetracaine Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.	4.45	5	1	benzoate ester; tertiary amino compound	local anaesthetic
tetraethylammonium Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)	2.42	2	0	quaternary ammonium ion
krypton Krypton: A noble gas that is found in the atmosphere. It has the atomic symbol Kr, atomic number 36, atomic weight 83.80, and has been used in electric bulbs.	1.94	1	0	monoatomic krypton; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	1.95	1	0	phthalimides; piperidones
theobromine Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.	4.1	5	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; bronchodilator agent; food component; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
thiabendazole Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate	2.38	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug
2,4-thiazolidinedione thiazolidine-2,4-dione: structure in first source. 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione : A thiazolidenedione carrying oxo substituents at positions 2 and 4.	2.37	2	0	thiazolidenedione
thiethylperazine Thiethylperazine: A dopamine antagonist that is particularly useful in treating the nausea and vomiting associated with anesthesia, mildly emetic cancer chemotherapy agents, radiation therapy, and toxins. This piperazine phenothiazine does not prevent vertigo or motion sickness. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p457). thiethylperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is perazine substituted by a ethylsulfanyl group at position 2.	1.94	1	0	N-methylpiperazine; phenothiazines	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist
thioridazine Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.	3.09	5	0	phenothiazines; piperidines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
thiram Thiram: A dithiocarbamate chemical, used commercially in the rubber processing industry and as a fungicide. In vivo studies indicate that it inactivates the enzyme GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE. It has mutagenic activity and may induce chromosomal aberrations.. thiram : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. It is widely used as a fungicidal seed treatment.	2.71	3	0	organic disulfide	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug
thonzylamine thonzylamine: major descriptor (72-84); file-maintained to PYRIMIDINES	3.1	1	0	methoxybenzenes
tiaprofenic acid tiaprofenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tiaprofenic acid : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by benzoyl and at C-4 by a 1-carboxyethyl group.	3.51	2	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	drug allergen; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tiaramide tiaramide: NTA-194, solantal, FK 1160 refer to mono-HCl salt; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.98	1	0	benzothiazoles
ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.	2.44	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
nikethamide Nikethamide: A central nervous system stimulant. It was formerly used in the treatment of barbiturate overdose but is now considered to be of no value for such purposes and may be dangerous. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1229)	1.94	1	0	pyridinecarboxamide
tolazoline Tolazoline: A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.. tolazoline : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole substituted by a benzyl group.	3.72	2	1	imidazoles	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	8.08	5	0	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
tolmetin Tolmetin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.. tolmetin : A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.	2.41	2	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrroles	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tolnaftate [no description available]	2.42	2	0	monothiocarbamic ester	antifungal drug
ultram 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.	2.02	1	0	aromatic ether; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
tranexamic acid Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.	2.02	1	0	amino acid
tremorine [no description available]	1.95	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine
triacetin Triacetin: A triglyceride that is used as an antifungal agent.. triacetin : A triglyceride obtained by acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol. It has fungistatic properties (based on release of acetic acid) and has been used in the topical treatment of minor dermatophyte infections.	3.04	1	0	triglyceride	adjuvant; antifungal drug; food additive carrier; food emulsifier; food humectant; fuel additive; plant metabolite; solvent
bromoform bromoform: structure	2.21	1	0	bromohydrocarbon; bromomethanes
triclosan [no description available]	2.98	4	0	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic
trifluoperazine [no description available]	4.32	6	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
triflupromazine Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.	3.76	3	0	organofluorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
trigonelline trigonelline: in hydra among other organisms; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure. N-methylnicotinic acid : A pyridinium ion consisting of nicotinic acid having a methyl substituent on the pyridine nitrogen.. N-methylnicotinate : An iminium betaine that is the conjugate base of N-methylnicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.	2.03	1	0	alkaloid; iminium betaine	food component; human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite
trihexyphenidyl Trihexyphenidyl: One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.	2.42	2	0	amine
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.	3.28	6	0	aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
tripelennamine Tripelennamine: A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat ASTHMA; HAY FEVER; URTICARIA; and RHINITIS; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically.	3.46	2	0	aromatic amine
troglitazone Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.	2.03	1	0	chromanes; thiazolidinone	anticoagulant; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
tyramine [no description available]	8.68	10	0	monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
urapidil [no description available]	6.97	1	0	piperazines
urethane [no description available]	4.67	5	0	carbamate ester	fungal metabolite; mutagen
usnic acid [no description available]	2.15	1	0	benzofurans
vigabatrin [no description available]	2.08	1	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
pirinixic acid pirinixic acid: structure	1.99	1	0	aryl sulfide; organochlorine compound; pyrimidines
xanthurenic acid xanthurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at C-4 and C-8.	2.49	2	0	dihydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	animal metabolite; iron chelator; metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; vesicular glutamate transport inhibitor
zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.	2.72	3	0	inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity	astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid
zolpidem Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.	2.43	2	0	imidazopyridine	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; sedative
zomepirac zomepirac: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.1	1	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; pyrroles	cardiovascular drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
zopiclone zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.	2.81	3	0	monochloropyridine; pyrrolopyrazine	central nervous system depressant; sedative
hydrocortisone acetate hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.05	1	0	cortisol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
cortisone acetate Cortisone Acetate: The acetate ester of cortisone that is used mainly for replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency and in the treatment of many allergic and inflammatory disorders.	2.05	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	3.26	6	0	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
corticosterone [no description available]	5.27	17	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	9.88	8	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.	5.06	14	0	16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
lysergic acid diethylamide Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine.	3.78	3	0	ergoline alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound	dopamine agonist; hallucinogen; serotonergic agonist
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	8.34	7	0	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
cephaloridine Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.	2.37	2	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.	3.21	6	0	imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	6.7	43	0	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
alloxan Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups.	4.34	18	0	pyrimidone	hyperglycemic agent; metabolite
thymidine [no description available]	4.39	22	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
floxuridine Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.	1.95	1	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent
piperonyl butoxide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	benzodioxoles	pesticide synergist
benzimidazole 1H-benzimidazole : The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.	2.99	4	0	benzimidazole; polycyclic heteroarene
2-aminophenol [no description available]	3.1	1	0	aminophenol	bacterial metabolite
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	4.13	16	0	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	11.24	11	1	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
dibenzylchlorethamine Dibenzylchlorethamine: An alpha adrenergic antagonist.	2.35	2	0
dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.	1.94	1	0	1-phenylpropan-2-amine	adrenergic agent; adrenergic uptake inhibitor; dopamine uptake inhibitor; dopaminergic agent; neurotoxin; sympathomimetic agent
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	3.35	7	0	ammonium salt; carbamate ester	cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic
spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.	4.62	6	1	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
prednisolone acetate prednisolone acetate: RN given refers to cpd with locant for acetate group in position 21 & (11 beta)-isomer	2.05	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
cyclobarbital cyclobarbital: was heading 1977-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1977-90); CYCLOBARBITONE, HEXEMAL, & TETRAHYDROPHENOBARBITAL were see CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; use BARBITURATES to search CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; short to intermediate duration barbiturate used as hypnotic and sedative	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
aldosterone [no description available]	5.77	11	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
allobarbital allobarbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ALLOBARBITONE, DIALLYLBARBITAL, DIALLYLBARBITURIC ACID, & DIALLYLMAL were see ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; a barbiturate derivative with effects of intermediate duration; at lower doses, it is used as a sedative; at higher doses, it displays hypnotic effects	2.05	1	0	barbiturates
penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.	4.58	10	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine	antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen
trichlorfon Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.02	1	0	organic phosphonate; organochlorine compound; phosphonic ester	agrochemical; anthelminthic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
tetrahydrocortisol [no description available]	3.47	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	4.17	5	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
tetrahydrocortisone [no description available]	3.47	2	0	21-hydroxy steroid
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.	5.54	23	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
paramethasone Paramethasone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of corticosteroids. It has been used by mouth in the treatment of all conditions in which corticosteroid therapy is indicated except adrenal-deficiency states for which its lack of sodium-retaining properties makes it less suitable than HYDROCORTISONE with supplementary FLUDROCORTISONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p737)	2.05	1	0	fluorinated steroid
androsterone [no description available]	3.97	4	0	17-oxo steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid; C19-steroid	androgen; anticonvulsant; human blood serum metabolite; human metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; pheromone
etiocholanolone Etiocholanolone: The 5-beta-reduced isomer of ANDROSTERONE. Etiocholanolone is a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE and ANDROSTENEDIONE in many mammalian species including humans. It is excreted in the URINE.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-androstan-17-one : An androstanoid that is 5beta-androstane substituted by an alpha-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a metabolite of testosterone in mammals.	3.47	2	0	17-oxo steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.	4.87	11	0	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
hydroxyacetylaminofluorene Hydroxyacetylaminofluorene: A N-hydroxylated derivative of 2-ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE that has demonstrated carcinogenic action.	3.1	1	0	2-acetamidofluorenes
2-acetylaminofluorene 2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.	2.01	1	0	2-acetamidofluorenes	antimitotic; carcinogenic agent; epitope; mutagen
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	3.93	13	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
idoxuridine [no description available]	1.95	1	0	organoiodine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
metaraminol Metaraminol: A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. metaraminol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-amino-1-phenylethanol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a phenolic hydroxy group at position 1. A sympathomimetic agent , it is used in the treatment of hypotension.	2.37	2	0	phenylethanolamines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.	2.87	4	0	pilocarpine	antiglaucoma drug
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	4.34	18	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	4.3	6	0	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
diethylnitrosamine Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.	4.34	4	1	nitrosamine	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; mutagen
isoflurophate Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.	3.19	6	0	dialkyl phosphate
biguanides Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.	6.77	6	2	guanidines
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	9.1	80	1	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
cantharidin Cantharidin: A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.. cantharidin : A monoterpenoid with an epoxy-bridged cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride structure secreted by many species of blister beetle, and most notably by the Spanish fly, Lytta vesicatoria. Natural toxin inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A.	2.07	1	0	cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; monoterpenoid	EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; herbicide
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	5.35	57	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	7.78	51	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
benz(a)anthracene benz(a)anthracene: 4 fused rings of which one is angular in contrast to the linear NAPHTHACENES. tetraphene : An angular ortho-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings.	3.1	1	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes
4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide : A quinoline N-oxide carrying a nitro substituent at position 4.	2.41	2	0	C-nitro compound; quinoline N-oxide	carcinogenic agent
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	7.3	33	1	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	13.04	42	1	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.	9.21	18	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	7.48	70	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
allyl isothiocyanate allyl isothiocyanate: used in the manufacture of flavors, war gases; medical use as a counterirritant; structure. allyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate with the formula CH2=CHCH2N=C=S. A colorless oil with boiling point 152degreeC, it is responsible for the pungent taste of mustard, horseradish, and wasabi.	2.13	1	0	alkenyl isothiocyanate; isothiocyanate	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; lachrymator; metabolite
cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.	8.15	74	0	pseudohalide anion	EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
chlorobutanol [no description available]	2.47	2	0	tertiary alcohol
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	8.46	8	0	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
sulfamic acid sulfamic acid: standard in alkalimetry; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. sulfamic acid : The simplest of the sulfamic acids consisting of a single sulfur atom covalently bound by single bonds to hydroxy and amino groups and by double bonds to two oxygen atoms.	7.06	1	0	sulfamic acids
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	10.15	140	2	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.	4.71	9	0	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
chlordan Chlordan: A highly poisonous organochlorine insecticide. The EPA has cancelled registrations of pesticides containing this compound with the exception of its use through subsurface ground insertion for termite control and the dipping of roots or tops of non-food plants. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.4	2	0	cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide	GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; persistent organic pollutant
testosterone propionate Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.. androgen : A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.	7.15	1	0	steroid ester
tubocurarine Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.	2.36	2	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.	3.25	6	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes	carcinogenic agent
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	2.1	1	0	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.	8.67	10	0	pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound	antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
methyltestosterone Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.	1.94	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; enone	anabolic agent; androgen; antineoplastic agent
tetrabenazine 9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.	2.39	2	0	benzoquinolizine; cyclic ketone; tertiary amino compound
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	4.34	20	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
cephalothin Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.	2.4	2	0	azabicycloalkene; beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative; thiophenes	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.	8.14	77	1	tetrachlorophenol	xenobiotic metabolite
uridine [no description available]	3.22	6	0	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
uridine diphosphate Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.	2.47	2	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	2.92	4	0	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	3.47	8	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	6.65	71	0	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	5.63	24	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	2.93	4	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease	3.42	7	0	amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	7.06	79	1	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
tributyrin tributyrin: structure. tributyrin : A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by butyric acid.	7.76	3	0	butyrate ester; triglyceride	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; prodrug; protective agent
p-aminoazobenzene p-Aminoazobenzene: Used in the form of its salts as a dye and as an intermediate in manufacture of Acid Yellow, diazo dyes, and indulines.. 4-(phenylazo)aniline : Azobenzene substituted at one of the 4-positions by an amino group. It has a role as a dye and an allergen.	1.96	1	0
p-dimethylaminoazobenzene p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene: A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)	3.04	1	0	azobenzenes
phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.	3.75	10	0	benzenes; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	9.96	73	1	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
cysteamine Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.	1.94	1	0	amine; thiol	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent
phlorhizin [no description available]	3.07	5	0	aryl beta-D-glucoside; dihydrochalcones; monosaccharide derivative	antioxidant; plant metabolite
acepromazine Acepromazine: A phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.. acepromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by an acetyl group at position 2 and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at position 10.	1.94	1	0	aromatic ketone; methyl ketone; phenothiazines; tertiary amino compound	phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.	3.69	10	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
n,n-dimethyltryptamine N,N-Dimethyltryptamine: An N-methylated indoleamine derivative and serotonergic hallucinogen which occurs naturally and ubiquitously in several plant species including Psychotria veridis. It also occurs in trace amounts in mammalian brain, blood, and urine, and is known to act as an agonist or antagonist of certain SEROTONIN RECEPTORS.. N,N-dimethyltryptamine : A tryptamine derivative having two N-methyl substituents on the side-chain.	7.31	1	0	tryptamine alkaloid; tryptamines
niridazole Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete.	4.43	7	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound
cloxacillin Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.	1.95	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	11.32	48	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
4-toluenesulfonic acid 4-toluenesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; other RNs in 9th CI Form Index. toluene-4-sulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by a methyl group.	2.94	4	0	arenesulfonic acid; toluenes
zoxazolamine Zoxazolamine: A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood.	1.94	1	0	benzoxazole
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	9.98	40	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-nitrobenzoic acid 4-nitrobenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-nitrobenzoic acid : A nitrobenzoic acid having the nitro group at the 4-position.	2.05	1	0	nitrobenzoic acid
ethyl methanesulfonate Ethyl Methanesulfonate: An antineoplastic agent with alkylating properties. It also acts as a mutagen by damaging DNA and is used experimentally for that effect.. ethyl methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with ethanol.	1.98	1	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen; teratogenic agent
methacholine chloride Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)	3.49	8	0	quaternary ammonium salt
aniline [no description available]	6.02	21	0	anilines; primary arylamine
2-aminoisobutyric acid 2-aminoisobutyric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2-aminoisobutyric acid : A rare, non-protein amino acid and end-product of pyrimidine metabolism, excreted in urine and found in some antibiotics of fungal origin. With the exception of a few bacteria, it is non-metabolisable, and therefore used in bioassays.	2.93	4	0	2,2-dialkylglycine zwitterion; 2,2-dialkylglycine
dimethylnitrosamine Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.	8.34	7	0	nitrosamine	geroprotector; mutagen
androstenedione Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.	2.69	3	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbaryl Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.	1.95	1	0	carbamate ester; naphthalenes	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant growth retardant
cytidine monophosphate Cytidine Monophosphate: Cytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. cytidine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.	1.97	1	0	cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	5.4	19	0	lactose
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	7.15	50	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.	3.88	12	0
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	15.36	97	3	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
diethyl sulfate diethyl sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. diethyl sulfate : The diethyl ester of sulfuric acid.	2.08	1	0	alkyl sulfate	alkylating agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mutagen
desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE	4.56	8	0	20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	3.35	7	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
cytidine [no description available]	3.07	5	0	cytidines	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-hexanal [no description available]	2.03	1	0	medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde	human urinary metabolite
oxacillin Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.	1.97	1	0	penicillin	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	4.26	19	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
ficusin Ficusin: A naturally occurring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.. psoralen : The simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia.	2.45	2	0	psoralens	plant metabolite
egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.	2.4	2	0	diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
barbituric acid barbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure from Merck Index, 9th ed, #966. barbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4 and -6 by oxo groups. Barbituric acid is the parent compound of barbiturate drugs, although it is not itself pharmacologically active.	2.63	3	0	barbiturates	allergen; xenobiotic
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	14.82	856	4	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
fluocinolone acetonide Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders.	2.38	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug
gliotoxin Gliotoxin: A fungal toxin produced by various species of Trichoderma, Gladiocladium fimbriatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium. It is used as an immunosuppressive agent.. gliotoxin : A pyrazinoindole with a disulfide bridge spanning a dioxo-substituted pyrazine ring; mycotoxin produced by several species of fungi.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide; organic disulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound; pyrazinoindole	antifungal agent; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; proteasome inhibitor
sodium citrate, anhydrous Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.	2.83	3	0	organic sodium salt	anticoagulant; flavouring agent
bromoacetate [no description available]	2	1	0	carboxylic acid; organohalogen compound
bromoacetate [no description available]	1.96	1	0
dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.	7.78	93	0	formamides; volatile organic compound	geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent
norethindrone Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.	3.5	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
norethynodrel Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.	3.1	1	0	oxo steroid
cycloserine Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).	2.66	3	0	4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; zwitterion	antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antitubercular agent; metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone.	4.21	5	0	17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; progestin
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	9.96	12	0	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
mannitol [no description available]	4.76	31	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
cytarabine [no description available]	2.88	4	0	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
dithionitrobenzoic acid Dithionitrobenzoic Acid: A standard reagent for the determination of reactive sulfhydryl groups by absorbance measurements. It is used primarily for the determination of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in proteins. The color produced is due to the formation of a thio anion, 3-carboxyl-4-nitrothiophenolate.. dithionitrobenzoic acid : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid. An indicator used to quantify the number or concentration of thiol groups.	2.41	1	0	nitrobenzoic acid; organic disulfide	indicator
phenacyl bromide phenacyl bromide: structure. phenacyl bromide : An alpha-bromoketone that is acetophenone substituted by a bromo group at position 2.	3.08	5	0	acetophenones; alpha-bromoketone	metabolite
ornithine Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.	3.34	7	0	non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; ornithine	algal metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; mouse metabolite
dinitrofluorobenzene Dinitrofluorobenzene: Irritants and reagents for labeling terminal amino acid groups.. 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : The organofluorine compound that is benzene with a fluoro substituent at the 1-position and two nitro substituents in the 2- and 4-positions.	2.91	4	0	C-nitro compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; allergen; chromatographic reagent; EC 2.7.3.2 (creatine kinase) inhibitor; protein-sequencing agent; spectrophotometric reagent
asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.	4.05	15	0	amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-toluenesulfonamide 4-toluenesulfonamide: RN given refers to parent cpd. toluene-4-sulfonamide : A sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide bearing a methyl group at position 4.	2	1	0	sulfonamide
4-hydroxypropiophenone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	acetophenones
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	5.66	31	0	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-pentanol n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia.	6.09	40	0	pentanol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; plant metabolite
1,1,1-trichloroethane Trichloroethanes: Chlorinated ethanes which are used extensively as industrial solvents. They have been utilized in numerous home-use products including spot remover preparations and inhalant decongestant sprays. These compounds cause central nervous system and cardiovascular depression and are hepatotoxic. Include 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-isomers.. 1,1,1-trichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes carrying three chloro substituents at position 1.	5.02	13	0	chloroethanes	polar solvent
medroxyprogesterone acetate [no description available]	2.04	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; steroid ester	adjuvant; androgen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; female contraceptive drug; inhibitor; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	4.26	19	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.	8.57	9	0	amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mestranol [no description available]	1.94	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; aromatic ether; terminal acetylenic compound	prodrug; xenoestrogen
methaqualone Methaqualone: A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methaqualone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2 and 3 by methyl and o-tolyl groups respectively. A depressant that increases the activity of the GABA receptors in the brain and nervous system, it is used as a sedative and hypnotic medication. It became popular as a recreational drug and club drug in the late 1960s and 1970s.	1.94	1	0	quinazolines	GABA agonist; sedative
alizarin [no description available]	3.52	2	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	chromophore; dye; plant metabolite
dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane: An organochlorine insecticide that is slightly irritating to the skin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed, p482)	2.05	1	0	chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	xenobiotic metabolite
methandrostenolone Methandrostenolone: A synthetic steroid with anabolic properties that are more pronounced than its androgenic effects. It has little progestational activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1188)	2.06	1	0	organic molecular entity
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	6.73	77	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucine Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.	4.3	20	0	aspartate family amino acid; isoleucine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-chlorobenzoic acid 4-chlorobenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-chlorobenzoic acid : A monochlorobenzoic acid carrying a chloro substituent at position 4.	2.06	1	0	monochlorobenzoic acid	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
n,n'-diphenyl-4-phenylenediamine N,N'-diphenyl-4-phenylenediamine: in veterinary medicine, has been used to prevent vitamin E deficiency in lambs; structure. N,N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine : An N-substituted diamine that is 1,4-phenylenediamine in which one hydrogen from each amino group is replaced by a phenyl group.	2	1	0	N-substituted diamine; secondary amino compound	antioxidant
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	10.62	25	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
methyl bromide methyl bromide: used in ionization chambers, degreasing wool, extracting oils; insect fumigant; high concentrations can produce pulmonary edema,narcosis; chronic exposure can cause CNS depression,kidney injury; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bromomethane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to three hydrogen atoms and one bromine atom. It is produced naturally by marine algae.	9.32	6	0	bromohydrocarbon; bromomethanes; methyl halides	algal metabolite; fumigant insecticide; marine metabolite
ethane Ethane: A two carbon alkane with the formula H3C-CH3.. ethane : An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms.	10.41	23	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	plant metabolite; refrigerant
ethylene Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges	5.54	21	0	alkene; gas molecular entity	plant hormone; refrigerant
acetylene [no description available]	5.6	14	0	alkyne; gas molecular entity; terminal acetylenic compound
methyl chloride Methyl Chloride: A hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent. It has been used as an aerosal propellent, as a refrigerant and as a local anesthetic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p1403). chlorocarbon : Compounds consisting wholly of chlorine and carbon.. chloromethane : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a chloro group.	5.21	16	0	chloromethanes; methyl halides	marine metabolite; mutagen; refrigerant
methyl iodide methyl iodide: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd with MF of CH3-I. iodomethane : A member of the class of iodomethanes that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by iodine.	2.89	4	0	iodomethanes; methyl halides	fumigant insecticide
methylamine methyl group : An alkyl group that is the univalent group derived from methane by removal of a hydrogen atom.	7.24	52	0	methylamines; one-carbon compound; primary aliphatic amine	mouse metabolite
boranes Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron.	4.78	31	0	boranes; mononuclear parent hydride
bromoethane bromoethane : A bromoalkane that is ethane carrying a bromo substituent. It is an alkylating agent used as a chemical intermediate in various organic syntheses.	2.11	1	0	bromoalkane; bromohydrocarbon; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; local anaesthetic; refrigerant; solvent
propane Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3.	12.17	28	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	food propellant
methylacetylene methylacetylene: structure	2.4	2	0	alkyne; gas molecular entity; terminal acetylenic compound
systhane systhane: structure in first source. 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)hexanenitrile : A nitrile that is hexanenitrile substituted at the 2-position by p-chlorophenyl and (1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl groups.	2.02	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; nitrile; triazoles
ethyl chloride Ethyl Chloride: A gas that condenses under slight pressure. Because of its low boiling point ethyl chloride sprayed on skin produces an intense cold by evaporation. Cold blocks nerve conduction. Ethyl chloride has been used in surgery but is primarily used to relieve local pain in sports medicine.. chloroethane : The simplest and least toxic member of the class of chloroethanes, that is ethane in which a single hydrogen is substituted by a chlorine. A colourless gas at room temperature and pressure (boiling point 12degreeC), it is used as a mild topical anaesthetic to numb the skin prior to ear piercing, skin biopsies, etc., and is also used in the treatment of sports injuries. It was formerly used in the production of tetraethyllead.	3.98	4	0	chloroethanes	antipruritic drug; inhalation anaesthetic; local anaesthetic
vinyl chloride Vinyl Chloride: A gas that has been used as an aerosol propellant and is the starting material for polyvinyl resins. Toxicity studies have shown various adverse effects, particularly the occurrence of liver neoplasms.. chloroethene : A monohaloethene that is ethene in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a chloro group.	3.61	9	0	chloroethenes; gas molecular entity; monohaloethene	carcinogenic agent
ethylamine ethylamine : A two-carbon primary aliphatic amine.	3.09	5	0	primary aliphatic amine	human metabolite
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	13.5	583	3	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
methylene chloride Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.	8.58	184	0	chloromethanes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant
difluoromethane difluoromethane: structure given in first source	2.71	3	0	fluoromethanes	refrigerant
methylene iodide methylene iodide: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.45	2	0
isocyanic acid isocyanic acid: structure. isocyanic acid : A colourless, volatile, poisonous inorganic compound with the formula HNCO; the simplest stable chemical compound that contains carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, the four most commonly-found elements in organic chemistry and biology.	2.5	2	0	hydracid; one-carbon compound
carbon disulfide Carbon Disulfide: A colorless, flammable, poisonous liquid, CS2. It is used as a solvent, and is a counterirritant and has local anesthetic properties but is not used as such. It is highly toxic with pronounced CNS, hematologic, and dermatologic effects.	10.38	11	0	one-carbon compound; organosulfur compound
cyclopropane cyclopropane : A cycloalkane composed of three carbon atoms to form a ring.	7.73	3	0	cycloalkane; cyclopropanes	inhalation anaesthetic
ethylene oxide Ethylene Oxide: A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794). oxirane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.	9.01	14	0	gas molecular entity; oxacycle; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	allergen; mouse metabolite; mutagen
boron trifluoride [no description available]	4.31	19	0	boron fluoride	NMR chemical shift reference compound
isopropyl iodide isopropyl iodide: structure	1.96	1	0
2-propylamine 2-propylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.39	7	0	alkylamines; primary aliphatic amine
1,1-dichloroethane [no description available]	3.47	2	0	organochlorine compound
vinylidene chloride vinylidene chloride: potent hepatotoxin. 1,1-dichloroethene : A member of the class of chloroethenes that is ethene in which both of the hydrogens attached to one of the carbons are replaced by chlorines.	1.96	1	0	chloroethenes	carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite; mutagen
acetyl chloride [no description available]	7.94	4	0	acyl chloride
1,1-difluoroethane [no description available]	1.96	1	0
1,1-difluoroethylene 1,1-difluoroethylene: structure	1.96	1	0	olefinic compound; organofluorine compound
dichlorofluoromethane [no description available]	1.96	1	0
phosgene Phosgene: A highly toxic gas that has been used as a chemical warfare agent. It is an insidious poison as it is not irritating immediately, even when fatal concentrations are inhaled. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed, p7304). phosgene : An acyl chloride obtained by substitution of both hydrogens of formaldehyde by chlorine.. chloroketone : A ketone containing a chloro substituent.	6.96	1	0	acyl chloride
fluorocarbon 22 [no description available]	1.96	1	0	hydrochlorofluorocarbon
fluoroform fluoroform: structure	2.05	1	0	fluoromethanes	refrigerant
iodoform [no description available]	2.6	1	0	iodomethanes
nitromethane nitromethane: structure. nitromethane : A primary nitroalkane that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replace by a nitro group. A polar solvent (b.p. 101 degreeC), it is an important starting material in organic synthesis. It is also used as a fuel for rockets and radio-controlled models.	5.19	15	0	primary nitroalkane; volatile organic compound	EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; explosive; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
propylene oxide propylene oxide: structure. 1,2-epoxypropane : An epoxide that is oxirane substituted by a methyl group at position 2.	2.41	1	0	epoxide
tetramethylammonium tetramethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. tetramethylammonium : The simplest quaternary ammonium cation, comprising a central nitrogen linked to four methyl groups.	3.02	4	0	quaternary ammonium ion
tert-butylamine tert-butylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. tert-butylamine : A primary aliphatic amine that is ethylamine substituted by two methyl groups at position 1.	1.97	1	0	primary aliphatic amine
tert-butyl alcohol tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.	6.32	28	0	tertiary alcohol	human xenobiotic metabolite
methanesulfonic acid [no description available]	3.55	8	0	alkanesulfonic acid; one-carbon compound	Escherichia coli metabolite
trimethylchlorosilane trimethylsilyl chloride: structure in first source. chlorotrimethylsilane : A silyl chloride consisting of a central silicon atom covalently bound to one chloro and three methyl groups. Chlorotrimethylsilane is a derivatisation agent used in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry applications.	8.3	6	0	silyl chloride	chromatographic reagent
tert-amyl alcohol 2-methylbutan-2-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is propan-1-ol in which both of the hydrogens at position 1 have been replaced by methyl groups.	4.21	5	0	aliphatic alcohol; tertiary alcohol	protic solvent
1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane: volatile metabolite of halothane	2.04	1	0	organofluorine compound
trifluoroethanol Trifluoroethanol: A non-aqueous co-solvent that serves as tool to study protein folding. It is also used in various pharmaceutical, chemical and engineering applications.	5.13	44	0	fluoroalcohol
tert-butylhydroperoxide tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.	3	4	0	alkyl hydroperoxide	antibacterial agent; oxidising agent
methyl sulfate methyl sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd. methyl sulfate : An alkyl sulfate that is the monomethyl ester of sulfuric acid.	1.98	1	0	alkyl sulfate; one-carbon compound
trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.	4.86	35	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite
trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.	5.07	41	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; reagent
1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane [no description available]	2	1	0	chlorofluorocarbon; haloalkane	NMR solvent; refrigerant
freon 114 Freon 114: InChIKey: DDMOUSALMHHKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N	1.96	1	0
perfluoroethane [no description available]	1.96	1	0	fluoroalkane; fluorocarbon	refrigerant
triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.	2.47	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
gibberellic acid gibberellic acid: RN given refers to (1alpha,2beta,4aalpha,4bbeta,10beta)-isomer; structure. gibberellin A3 : A C19-gibberellin that is a pentacyclic diterpenoid responsible for promoting growth and elongation of cells in plants. Initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi,it differs from gibberellin A1 in the presence of a double bond between C-3 and C-4.	2.45	2	0	C19-gibberellin; gibberellin monocarboxylic acid; lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	16.9	740	6	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
butobarbital butobarbital: Butobarbital should be distinguished from Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital)	2.04	1	0	barbiturates
methylpentynol methylpentynol: structure	1.93	1	0	ynone
dimethyl sulfate dimethyl sulfate: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. dimethyl sulfate : The dimethyl ester of sulfuric acid.	2.04	1	0	alkyl sulfate	alkylating agent; immunosuppressive agent
tromethamine Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)	5.7	27	0	primary amino compound; triol	buffer
ethyl citrate ethyl citrate: structure	2.07	1	0	carbonyl compound
quinic acid (-)-quinic acid : The (-)-enantiomer of quinic acid.	8.61	8	0
tetraethyl lead Tetraethyl Lead: A highly toxic compound used as a gasoline additive. It causes acute toxic psychosis or chronic poisoning if inhaled or absorbed through the skin.. tetraethyllead : An organolead compound consisting of four ethyl groups joined to a central lead atom.	2.36	2	0	organolead compound
3-mercaptopropionic acid 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid: An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase. It decreases the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID concentration in the brain, thereby causing convulsions.. 3-mercaptopropanoic acid : A mercaptopropanoic acid that is propanoic acid carrying a sulfanyl group at position 3.	2.13	1	0	mercaptopropanoic acid	algal metabolite
tetraethoxysilane [no description available]	2.06	1	0
tri-o-cresyl phosphate tri-o-cresyl phosphate: see also related IMOL S-140	2.41	2	0
triparanol Triparanol: Antilipemic agent with high ophthalmic toxicity. According to Merck Index, 11th ed, the compound was withdrawn from the market in 1962 because of its association with the formation of irreversible cataracts.	2.64	3	0	stilbenoid	anticoronaviral agent
tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate [no description available]	2.1	1	0	trialkyl phosphate
isophorone isophorone : A cyclic ketone, the structure of which is that of cyclohex-2-en-1-one substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5.	2.11	1	0	cyclic ketone; enone	plant metabolite; solvent
azobis(isobutyronitrile) azobis(isobutyronitrile): blowing agent for elastomers & plastics; initiator for free radical reactions; structure	3.1	5	0
linalool linalool: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. linalool : A monoterpenoid that is octa-1,6-diene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from plants like Ocimum canum.	4.05	4	0	monoterpenoid; tertiary alcohol	antimicrobial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.	9.99	82	1	alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound	plant metabolite
isobutylamine 2-methylpropanamine : An alkylamine having isobutyl as the alkyl group. It has been isolated from Sambucus nigra (Elderberry).	2	1	0	alkylamines	plant metabolite
isobutyl alcohol isobutyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd	5.46	20	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
propylene dichloride propylene dichloride: Russian drug; structure. 1,2-dichloropropane : A chloroalkane that is propane in which a hydrogen from each of two adjacent carbons has been replaced by chlorines.	3.07	1	0	chloroalkane; volatile organic compound
2-butanol 2-butanol: RN given is for parent cpd without isomeric designation. butan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is butane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.	4.62	8	0	secondary alcohol
methylethyl ketone methylethyl ketone: solvent; colorless synthetic resins, smokeless powders; may be irritating to eyes, mucous membranes; may be toxic in high concentrations; structure. butanone : Any ketone that is butane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position.. butan-2-one : A dialkyl ketone that is a four-carbon ketone carrying a single keto- group at position C-2.	5.9	19	0	butanone; dialkyl ketone; methyl ketone; volatile organic compound	bacterial metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
3-buten-2-one buten-2-one : A methyl ketone that is butan-2-one with an unsaturation at position 3.	2.05	1	0	enone; methyl ketone
chloroacetone [no description available]	3.23	6	0	alpha-chloroketone
1,1,2-trichloroethane 1,1,2-trichloroethane: RN given refers to cpd with locants as specified. 1,1,2-trichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes that is ethane substituted by chloro groups at positions 1, 1 and 2.	3.5	2	0	chloroethanes
trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.	7.02	42	0	chloroethenes	inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite
acrylamide [no description available]	8.66	9	0	acrylamides; N-acylammonia; primary carboxamide	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; Maillard reaction product; mutagen; neurotoxin
acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.	8.45	7	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
n-methylacetamide N-methylacetamide: RN given refers to parent cpd. N-methylacetamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the N-methyl derivative of acetamide.	3.42	7	0	acetamides; monocarboxylic acid amide	metabolite
methyl acetate methyl acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of acetic acid with methanol. A low-boiling (57 degreeC) colourless, flammable liquid, it is used as a solvent for many resins and oils.	9.41	21	0	acetate ester; methyl ester; volatile organic compound	EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; fragrance; polar aprotic solvent
peracetic acid Peracetic Acid: A liquid that functions as a strong oxidizing agent. It has an acrid odor and is used as a disinfectant.. peracetic acid : A peroxy acid that is acetic acid in which the OH group is substituted by a hydroperoxy group. It is a versatile oxidising agent that is used as a disinfectant.	8.54	8	0	a peroxy acid	disinfectant; oxidising agent
methyl chloroformate [no description available]	2.47	2	0
nitroethane nitroethane : A nitroalkane that is ethane substituted by a nitro group.	2.68	3	0	primary nitroalkane
isobutyric acid isobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. isobutyric acid : A branched fatty acid comprising propanoic acid carrying a methyl branch at C-2.	2.03	1	0	branched-chain saturated fatty acid; fatty acid 4:0; methyl-branched fatty acid	Daphnia magna metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane: see also record for tetrachloroethane. 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes that is ethane substituted by chloro groups at positions 1, 1, 2 and 2.	3.51	2	0	chloroethanes
methacrylamide [no description available]	2.06	1	0	acrylamides; primary carboxamide
dichloroacetic acid [no description available]	8.1	5	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	astringent; marine metabolite
pantothenic acid Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration.	1.94	1	0	pantothenic acid; vitamin B5	antidote to curare poisoning; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite
tetrabromobisphenol a tetrabromobisphenol A: a brominated flame retardant. 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A : A bromobisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups and the phenyl rings are substituted by bromo groups at positions 2, 2', 6 and 6'. It is a brominated flame retardant.	2.74	3	0	brominated flame retardant; bromobisphenol
bisphenol a 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.	3.31	6	0	bisphenol	endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic; xenoestrogen
cumene hydroperoxide cumene hydroperoxide: RN given refers to parent cpd. cumene hydroperoxide : A peroxol that is cumene in which the alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a hydroperoxy group.	2.93	4	0	peroxol	environmental contaminant; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; oxidising agent
p-tert-amylphenol p-tert-amylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0	alkylbenzene
methyl 4-toluene sulfonate methyl 4-toluene sulfonate: catalyst in dental impression; material Scutan causing contact dermatitis; structure	2.02	1	0
alpha-pinene [no description available]	3.57	8	0	pinene	plant metabolite
methylmethacrylate Methylmethacrylate: The methyl ester of methacrylic acid. It polymerizes easily to form POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE. It is used as a bone cement.. methyl methacrylate : An enoate ester having methacrylic acid as the carboxylic acid component and methanol as the alcohol component.	3.08	5	0	enoate ester; methyl ester	allergen; polymerisation monomer
dehydrocholic acid Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton.	2.05	1	0	12-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-5beta-steroid; 7-oxo steroid; oxo-5beta-cholanic acid	gastrointestinal drug
taurocholic acid Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.	1.95	1	0	amino sulfonic acid; bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite
1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone: structure given in first source. quinizarin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone having the two hydroxy substituents at the 1- and 4-positions; formally derived from anthraquinone by replacement of two hydrogen atoms by hydroxy groups	3.5	2	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	dye
rhodamine b rhodamine B: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7973; TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE was see RHODAMINES 1975-93; use RHODAMINES to search TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE 1975-93. rhodamine B : An organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome.	3.59	8	0	organic chloride salt; xanthene dye	fluorescent probe; fluorochrome; histological dye
benzanthrone benzanthrone: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.17	1	0	phenanthrenes
1-aminoanthraquinone [no description available]	2.08	1	0
quintozene quintozene: active ingredient of variety of fungicides. pentachloronitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is nitrobenzene in which every hydrogen has been replaced by a chlorine. A fungicide used on a variety of crops, including cotton, rice and seed grains, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.	2.04	1	0	aromatic fungicide; C-nitro compound; pentachlorobenzenes	antifungal agrochemical
cyclizine Cyclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935). cyclizine : An N-alkylpiperazine in which one nitrogen of the piperazine ring is substituted by a methyl group, while the other is substituted by a diphenylmethyl group.	3.1	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine	antiemetic; central nervous system depressant; cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic
acenaphthene [no description available]	2.41	1	0	acenaphthenes
skatole [no description available]	2.35	2	0	methylindole	human metabolite; mammalian metabolite
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	12.26	12	2	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
lawsone lawsone: a molluscacide from leaves of Lawsonia inermis L. topical sunscreening agent; structure; powdered leaves of Lawsonia inermis(Lythraceae) used as brown hair dye. lawsone : 1,4-Naphthoquinone carrying a hydroxy function at C-2. It is obtained from the leaves of Lawsonia inermis.	7.51	2	0
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	7.88	4	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
9,10-phenanthrenequinone 9,10-phenanthrenequinone: structure	2.15	1	0	phenanthrenes
(+-)stylopine [no description available]	2.43	2	0
2-methylanthraquinone 2-methylanthraquinone: form Morinda officinalis How.. 2-methylanthraquinone : An anthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a methyl group.	2.11	1	0	anthraquinone
dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone: request from searcher	2.76	3	0
2,6-dihydroxyanthraquinone 2,6-dihydroxyanthraquinone: structure given in first source. anthraflavic acid : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene substituted by hydroxy groups at C-3 and C-7 and oxo groups at C-9 and C-10.	3.1	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	antimutagen; plant metabolite
9,10-anthraquinone 9,10-anthraquinone : An anthraquinone that is anthracene in which positions 9 and 10 have been oxidised to carbonyls.	3.84	3	0	anthraquinone
diethyl phthalate diethyl phthalate: structure. diethyl phthalate : The diethyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	2.95	4	0	diester; ethyl ester; phthalate ester	neurotoxin; plasticiser; teratogenic agent
diquat Diquat: A contact herbicide used also to produce desiccation and defoliation. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). diquat : The organic cation formed formally by addition of an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen atoms of 2,2'-bipyridine. Most often available as the dibromide.	1.97	1	0	organic cation	defoliant; herbicide
santowhite powder 4,4'-butylidenebis(6-tert-butyl-m-cresol): putatively both an androgen and estrogen antagonist; structure in first source	1.98	1	0
pyocyanine Pyocyanine: Antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.. pyocyanine : An iminium betaine that is 5-methylphenazin-5-ium which is substituted at position 1 by an oxidanidyl group. An antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	2.08	1	0	iminium betaine; phenazines	antibacterial agent; bacterial metabolite; biological pigment; virulence factor
1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol [no description available]	2.49	2	0
n,n'-diethylcarbanilide [no description available]	2.05	1	0
brompheniramine Brompheniramine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.. brompheniramine : Pheniramine in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is substituted by bromine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, brompheniramine is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.	2.07	1	0	organobromine compound; pyridines	anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist
1-naphthoic acid naphthoic acid : An aromatic carboxylic acid that consists of a naphthalene skeleton substituted by one or more carboxy groups.	2.52	2	0	naphthoic acid	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; fungal xenobiotic metabolite
1-nitronaphthalene 1-nitronaphthalene: RN given refers to cpd with locant for nitro moiety in 1 position. 1-nitronaphthalene : A mononitronaphthalene substituted by a nitro group at position 1.. mononitronaphthalene : A nitronaphthalene carrying a single nitro group at unspecified position.. nitronaphthalene : A nitroarene that is naphthalene substituted by at least one nitro group.	2.48	2	0	mononitronaphthalene	environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite
fluorene [no description available]	2	1	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
carbazole carbazole: structure in first source	2.52	2	0	carbazole
1-naphthaleneacetic acid 1-naphthaleneacetic acid: a plant growth regulator; RN given refers to parent cpd. naphthylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is naphthalene substituted by a carboxymethyl group at any position.. 1-naphthaleneacetic acid : A naphthylacetic acid substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 1.	2.03	1	0	naphthylacetic acid	synthetic auxin
penicillin v Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.	3.25	6	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin
penicillanic acid Penicillanic Acid: A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). penicillanic acid : A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration.	2.9	4	0	penicillanic acids
1,2,3-trichlorobenzene trichlorobenzene: commercial grade of trichlorobenzene containing 70% 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene & 30% 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene; see also record for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. trichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying three chloro substituents at unspecified positions.. 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene : A trichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1, 2 and 3.	3.07	1	0	trichlorobenzene
2,6-dichlorophenol 2,6-dichlorophenol: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2,6-dichlorophenol : A dichlorophenol with the chloro substituents at positions 2 and 6.	2.43	2	0	dichlorophenol
hexamethylbenzene hexamethylbenzene : A methylbenzene that is benzene in which all six hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups.	7.35	2	0	methylbenzene
xylitol xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.	4.12	15	0
2,4,6-trichlorophenol [no description available]	2.97	4	0	trichlorophenol	carcinogenic agent
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	4.47	22	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
2-tert-butylphenol [no description available]	2.02	1	0	alkylbenzene
2-isopropylphenol 2-isopropylphenol: structure given in first source. 2-isopropylphenol : A member of the class of phenols carrying an isopropyl group at position 2.	2.02	1	0	phenols
2-nitrotoluene nitrotoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes bearing one or more nitro substituents on the benzene ring.	3.07	1	0	mononitrotoluene	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant
2-nitroaniline [no description available]	2.39	2	0
2-nitrophenol nitrophenol : Any member of the class of phenols or substituted phenols carrying at least 1 nitro group.	2.39	2	0	2-nitrophenols
picryl chloride Picryl Chloride: A hapten that generates suppressor cells capable of down-regulating the efferent phase of trinitrophenol-specific contact hypersensitivity. (Arthritis Rheum 1991 Feb;34(2):180).. 1-chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene : The C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.05	1	0	C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes	allergen; epitope; explosive; hapten
picric acid picric acid: used as antiseptic, astringent & stimulant for epitheliazation; structure. picric acid : A C-nitro compound comprising phenol having three nitro substtituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	3.33	6	0	C-nitro compound	antiseptic drug; explosive; fixative
pyromellitic acid pyromellitic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pyromellitic acid : A tetracarboxylic acid that is benzene substituted by four carboxy groups at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5 respectively.	2.11	1	0	benzoic acids; tetracarboxylic acid
pyromellitic dianhydride [no description available]	1.97	1	0
thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.	10.45	11	0	monoterpenoid; phenols	volatile oil component
resacetophenone resacetophenone: structure in first source. 2',4'-dihydroxyacetophenone : A dihydroxyacetophenone that is acetophenone carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 2' and 4'.	2.05	1	0	dihydroxyacetophenone; resorcinols	plant metabolite
1-naphthol 1-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 1.. hydroxynaphthalene : Any member of the class of naphthalenes that is naphthalene carrying one or more hydroxy groups.	4.01	4	0	naphthol	genotoxin; human xenobiotic metabolite
2-aminodiphenyl aminobiphenyl : Any member of the class of biphenyls in which the biphenyl skeleton is substituted by at least one amino group.	3.1	1	0
2-phenylphenol 2-phenylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. biphenyl-2-ol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is generally used as a post-harvest fungicide for citrus fruits.	3.52	2	0	hydroxybiphenyls	antifungal agrochemical; environmental food contaminant
aminacrine Aminacrine: A highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, due to its interaction with DNA. It is also used as an intracellular pH indicator.. 9-aminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by an amino group. A fluorescent dyd and topical antiseptic agent, it is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) in eye drops for the treatment of superficial eye infections.	2.06	1	0	aminoacridines; primary amino compound	acid-base indicator; antiinfective agent; antiseptic drug; fluorescent dye; MALDI matrix material; mutagen
xanthone xanthone : The parent compound of the xanthone class consisting of xanthene bearing a single oxo substituent at position 9.	2.08	1	0	xanthones	insecticide
beta-glucono-1,5-lactone beta-glucono-1,5-lactone: structure. D-glucono-1,5-lactone : An aldono-1,5-lactone obtained from D-gluconic acid.	2	1	0	aldono-1,5-lactone; gluconolactone	animal metabolite; mouse metabolite
pseudoephedrine Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.	2.07	1	0	phenylethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; central nervous system drug; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
benzohydrol diphenylmethanol : A secondary alcohol that is diphenylmethane which carries a hydroxy group at position 1.	2.07	1	0	benzyl alcohols; secondary alcohol	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; rat metabolite
pyrogallol 1,3-dimethyl ether pyrogallol 1,3-dimethyl ether: structure. 2,6-dimethoxyphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 6.	2.11	1	0	dimethoxybenzene; phenols	plant metabolite
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	3.6	9	0	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline: RN given refers to cpd with locants as specified	2.69	2	0	isoquinolines
quinoline [no description available]	5.95	21	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinolines
isatin tribulin: endogenous MONOAMINE OXIDASE inhibitory activity extractable into ethyl acetate found in brain and many mammalian tissues and fluids; ISATIN is a major component; produced in excess following alcohol withdrawal;	7.42	2	0	indoledione	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
2-naphthylamine 2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2.	3.82	3	0	naphthylamine	carcinogenic agent
3,3'-diaminobenzidine 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine: A chemically and thermodynamically stable derivative of BENZIDINE.. 3,3'-diaminobenzidine : A member of the class of biphenyls that is benzidine in which one of the hydrogens ortho to each of the amino groups has been replaced by an amino group.	1.95	1	0	biphenyls; substituted aniline	histological dye
tolonium chloride Tolonium Chloride: A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.. tolonium chloride : An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion. It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques.	2.41	2	0
pyronine Pyronine: Xanthene dye used as a bacterial and biological stain. Synonyms: Pyronin; Pyronine G; Pyronine Y. Use also for Pyronine B. which is diethyl-rather than dimethylamino-.. pyronin Y : An organic chloride salt having 6-(dimethylamino)-N,N-dimethyl-3H-xanthen-3-iminium as the cation. Used with methyl green to selectively demonstrate RNA (red) in contrast to DNA (green) with the Unna-Pappenheim method.	1.97	1	0	iminium salt; organic chloride salt	histological dye
phenidone phenidone: photographic developer; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.01	1	0
diphenyl diphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure	3.5	8	0	aromatic fungicide; benzenes; biphenyls	antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative
4-biphenylamine 4-biphenylamine: used in detection of sulfates, & as a carcinogen in cancer research; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. biphenyl-4-amine : An aminobiphenyl that is biphenyl substituted by an amino group at position 4.	3.1	1	0	aminobiphenyl	carcinogenic agent
4-phenylphenol 4-phenylphenol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. biphenyl-4-ol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl carrying a hydroxy group at position 4.	3.53	2	0	hydroxybiphenyls
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	6.37	32	0	xanthene
phenothiazine 10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.	3.74	3	0	phenothiazine	ferroptosis inhibitor; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
thianthrene thianthrene: in its electron deficient state, effects formation of high-energy phosphate bonds in process of oxidative phosphorylation; structure. thianthrene : The organosulfur heterocyclic compound that is the parent compound of the thianthrenes, a tricyclic structure comprising two benzene rings fused to the b and e sides of 1,4-dithin.	2.05	1	0	mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; thianthrenes
benzidine benzidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzidine : A member of the class of biphenyls that is 1,1'-biphenyl in which the hydrogen at the para-position of each phenyl group has been replaced by an amino group.	9.73	5	0	biphenyls; substituted aniline	carcinogenic agent
4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl biphenyl-4,4'-diol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl with hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 4'.	3.1	1	0	hydroxybiphenyls
veratric acid veratric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 3.	7	1	0	benzoic acids	allergen; plant metabolite
bromelia Bromelia: A plant genus of the family BROMELIACEAE. Members contain karatasin and balansain (ENDOPEPTIDASES) and BROMELAINS.	2.05	1	0	naphthalenes
1-phenylpropanol 1-phenylpropanol: structure in first source	2.21	1	0	organic molecular entity
styrene glycol styrene glycol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.1	1	0	benzenes
methyl benzoate methyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by condensation of benzoic acid and methanol.	8.43	7	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester	insect attractant; metabolite
ethyl benzoate ethyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by condensation of benzoic acid and ethanol. It is a volatile oil component found in ripe kiwifruit, cranberry juice, and palm kernel oil.	2.05	1	0	benzoate ester; ethyl ester	flavouring agent; fragrance; volatile oil component
synephrine [no description available]	2.46	2	0	ethanolamines; phenethylamine alkaloid; phenols	alpha-adrenergic agonist; plant metabolite
propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)	10.45	19	0	benzoate ester; paraben; phenols	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
butylparaben [no description available]	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
benzoyl peroxide Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.	2.44	2	0	carbonyl compound
salicylaldoxime [no description available]	2.04	1	0
2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid: A powerful herbicide used as a selective weed killer.. (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2.	2.15	1	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; monochlorobenzenes	environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
2,4-d n-butyl ester [no description available]	2	1	0
indene indene: structure in first source. 1H-indene : An ortho-fused bicyclic arene comprising of benzene and cyclopentene rings.	2.03	1	0	indene; ortho-fused bicyclic arene
benzotriazole benzotriazole: inhibitor of atmospheric metal corrosion; also component of motion picture film & Neva brake fluid. benzotriazole : The simplest member of the class of benzotriazoles that consists of a benzene nucleus fused to a 1H-1,2,3-triazole ring.	2.52	2	0	benzotriazoles	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
benzothiophene [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1-benzothiophenes; benzothiophene
benzothiazole benzothiazole: structure. benzothiazole : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a fusion product between benzene and thiazole. The parent of the class of benzothiazoles.	2.42	2	0	benzothiazoles	environmental contaminant; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
2-xylene 2-xylene: RN given refers to parent cpd. o-xylene : A xylene substituted by methyl groups at positions 1 and 2.	3.79	3	0	xylene
2-dichlorobenzene 2-dichlorobenzene: structure. 1,2-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1 and 2.	3.07	1	0	dichlorobenzene	hepatotoxic agent; metabolite
2-toluidine 2-toluidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. o-toluidine : An aminotoluene in which the amino substituent is ortho to the methyl group.	2.02	1	0	aminotoluene	carcinogenic agent
1,2-diaminobenzene 1,2-diaminobenzene: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,2-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine in which the two amino groups are ortho to each other.	2.41	1	0	phenylenediamine	hydrogen donor
2-bromophenol bromophenol : A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded bromine atoms.	2.46	2	0	bromophenol	marine metabolite
2-chlorophenol chlorophenol : A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded chlorine atoms.	2.44	2	0	2-halophenol; monochlorophenol
3,4-dimethylphenol 3,4-dimethylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3,4-xylenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 4.	2.02	1	0	phenols
2,4-xylidine 2,4-xylidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2,4-dimethylaniline : A primary arylamine that is aniline in which the hydrogens at the 2- and 4-positions are replaced by methyl groups. A clear to yellow liquid, it is used in production of certain dyes, pesticides and other chemicals.	2.05	1	0	dimethylaniline; primary arylamine
2,4-diaminotoluene 2,4-diaminotoluene: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure. 2,4-diaminotoluene : An aminotoluene that is para-toluidine with an additional amino group at position 2.	7.38	2	0	aminotoluene	metabolite
2,5-xylenol 2,5-xylenol : A member of the class of phenols that phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 5.	2.02	1	0	phenols	animal metabolite; volatile oil component
1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene : A tetrachlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5.	3.5	2	0	tetrachlorobenzene
dilactide dilactide: structure given in first source	2.46	2	0	dioxanes
styrene oxide styrene oxide: structure. styrene oxide : An epoxide that is oxirane in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a phenyl group.	2.38	2	0	epoxide	human xenobiotic metabolite
3-methylpentane 3-methylpentane : An alkane that is pentane which is substituted by a methyl group at position 3. It is used as a solvent in organic synthesis, as a lubricant and as a raw material for producing carbon black.	2.04	1	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	allelochemical; human metabolite; non-polar solvent
diethyl ketone diethyl ketone: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. pentan-3-one : A pentanone that is pentane carrying an oxo group at position 3. It has been isolated from Triatoma brasiliensis and Triatoma infestans.	3.07	1	0	pentanone	animal metabolite
methyl acrylate [no description available]	2.7	3	0	enoate ester
methylcyclopentane methylcyclopentane: toxic; RN 96-37-7. methylcyclopentane : A cycloalkane that is cyclopentane substituted by a single methyl group.	2.04	1	0	cycloalkane; volatile organic compound	human metabolite; plant metabolite
cyclopentanol [no description available]	3.5	2	0	cyclopentanols
4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	3.99	13	0	butan-4-olide	metabolite; neurotoxin
ethylene carbonate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	carbonate ester
lactobionic acid [no description available]	2.49	2	0	disaccharide	antioxidant
4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoic acid [no description available]	2.49	2	0
sulfosalicylic acid 5-sulfosalicylic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by a hydroxy at position C-2 and a sulfo group at C-5.	3.52	2	0	arenesulfonic acid; benzoic acids; phenols	metabolite
ethyl 2-methylpropanoate ethyl isobutyrate : A fatty acid ethyl ester obtained by the formal condensation of isobutyric acid with ethanol.	3.07	1	0	fatty acid ethyl ester	plant metabolite
ethyl lactate ethyl lactate: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate : The ethyl ester obtained of 2-hydroxypropanoic acid.	2.87	3	0	ethyl ester; lactate ester; secondary alcohol	metabolite
butyl methacrylate [no description available]	2.41	2	0	enoate ester
ethylene dimethacrylate ethylene glycol dimethacrylate : The enoate ester that is the 1,2-bis(methacryloyl) derivative of ethylene glycol.	3.43	7	0	enoate ester	allergen; cross-linking reagent; polymerisation monomer
tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol : A primary alcohol that is methanol in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a tetrahydrofuran-2-yl group.	6.96	1	0	oxolanes; primary alcohol	protic solvent
furfuryl alcohol furfuryl alcohol: structure. furfuryl alcohol : A furan bearing a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 2-position.	2.21	1	0	furans; primary alcohol	Maillard reaction product
furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.	6.65	66	0	aldehyde; furans	Maillard reaction product; metabolite
benzotrifluoride alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluorotoluene: structure in first source. (trifluoromethyl)benzene : A fluorohydrocarbon that is fluoroform in which the hydrogen is substituted by a phenyl group.	2	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; fluorohydrocarbon	environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent
benzenesulfonamide [no description available]	1.96	1	0	sulfonamide
benzenesulfonic acid benzenesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzenesulfonic acid : The simplest member of the class of a benzenesulfonic acids that consists of a benzene carrying a single sulfo group.	1.98	1	0	benzenesulfonic acids
arsanilic acid Arsanilic Acid: An arsenical which has been used as a feed additive for enteric conditions in pigs and poultry. It causes blindness and is ototoxic and nephrotoxic in animals.	2	1	0	organoarsonic acid
butylphen butylphen: irritant; structure. 4-tert-butylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted with a tert-butyl group at position 4.	5.14	8	0	phenols	allergen
4-chloro-alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluorotoluene 4-chloro-alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluorotoluene: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants for chloride & trifluoromethyl moieties; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
4-toluenesulfonyl chloride [no description available]	2.06	1	0
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.	2.37	2	0	5-oxoproline; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	algal metabolite
cumene cumene : An alkylbenzene that is benzene carrying an isopropyl group.	2.48	2	0	alkylbenzene
1-phenethylamine 1-phenethylamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 1-phenylethylamine : A phenylethylamine that is ethylamine substituted by a phenyl group at position 1.	1.96	1	0	phenylethylamine	human metabolite
acetophenone acetophenone : A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.	4.36	6	0	acetophenones	animal metabolite; photosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
benzoyl chloride benzoyl chloride: potential carcinogens in manufacturing process. benzoyl chloride : An acyl chloride consisting of benzene in which a hydrogen is replaced by an acyl chloride group. It is an important chemical intermediate for the manufacture of other chemicals, dyes, perfumes, herbicides and pharmaceuticals.	1.98	1	0	acyl chloride; benzenes	carcinogenic agent
nitrobenzene nitrobenzene : A nitroarene consisting of benzene carrying a single nitro substituent. An industrial chemical used widely in the production of aniline.	4.62	8	0	nitroarene; nitrobenzenes
3-hydroxybenzoic acid 3-hydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from Taxus baccata. It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of plasticisers, resins, pharmaceuticals, etc.	2.01	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	bacterial metabolite; plant metabolite
3-nitrotoluene [no description available]	1.96	1	0	mononitrotoluene
3-nitroaniline 3-nitroaniline: used as a sole source of nitrogen , carbon and energy	2.39	2	0
trehalose alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon.	4.43	21	0	trehalose	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methyl gallate methyl gallate: has both immunosuppressive and phytogenic antineoplastic activities; isolated from Acer saccharinum. methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with methanol. It exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties.	2.95	4	0	gallate ester	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 5 are replaced by nitro groups.	2.44	2	0	benzoic acids; C-nitro compound
sym-trinitrobenzene Trinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with three nitro groups in any position.. 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene : A trinitrobenzene in which each of the nitro groups is meta- to the other two.	2.66	3	0	trinitrobenzene	explosive
carvone carvone: an oxidized derivative of limonene; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; L-carvone has spearmint flavor, D-carvone has dill/caraway flavor. carvone : A p-menthane monoterpenoid that consists of cyclohex-2-enone having methyl and isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 5, respectively.	2	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; carvones	allergen
3-dinitrobenzene dinitrobenzene : Any member of the class of nitrobenzenes that consists of a benzene ring substituted by two nitro groups. A closed class.. 1,3-dinitrobenzene : A dinitrobenzene that is benzene disubstituted at positions 1 and 3 with nitro groups.	1.96	1	0	dinitrobenzene	neurotoxin
methylparaben methylparaben: used as a preservative in cosmetics but potentiates UV-induced damage of skin; RN given refers to parent cpd. methylparaben : A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries.	4.07	4	0	paraben	antifungal agent; antimicrobial food preservative; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
alpha phellandrene alpha phellandrene: can be irritating to, & absorbed by the skin; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhea; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. alpha-phellandrene : One of a pair of phellandrene cyclic monoterpene double-bond isomers in which both double bonds are endocyclic (cf. alpha-phellandrene, where one of them is exocyclic).	2.25	1	0	cyclohexadiene; phellandrene	antimicrobial agent; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
gamma-terpinene gamma-terpinene: RN given refers to gamma-terpinene; structure. gamma-terpinene : One of three isomeric monoterpenes differing in the positions of their two double bonds (alpha- and beta-terpinene being the others). In gamma-terpinene the double bonds are at the 1- and 4-positions of the p-menthane skeleton.	2.99	4	0	cyclohexadiene; monoterpene	antioxidant; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
4-cymene 4-cymene: structure. p-cymene : A monoterpene that is toluene substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4.	2.99	4	0	monoterpene; toluenes	human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
4-isopropylphenol [no description available]	3.52	2	0	phenols	flavouring agent
4-hydroxyacetophenone 4-hydroxyacetophenone: promotes secretion of bile & bile salts, which promotes griseofulvin absorption in the duodenum. 4'-hydroxyacetophenone : A monohydroxyacetophenone carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4'.	4.04	4	0	monohydroxyacetophenone	fungal metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
4-toluic acid 4-toluic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. p-toluic acid : A methylbenzoic acid in which the methyl substituent is located at position 4.	2.41	1	0	methylbenzoic acid
dimethyl-4-toluidine [no description available]	1.99	1	0
4-chloronitrobenzene [no description available]	2.05	1	0	C-nitro compound
4-nitroaniline [no description available]	2.69	3	0	nitroaniline	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
4-anisic acid 4-methoxybenzoic acid: structure in first source. 4-methoxybenzoic acid : A methoxybenzoic acid substituted with a methoxy group at position C-4.	2.41	2	0	methoxybenzoic acid	plant metabolite
4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde: structure in first source. 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde : A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is benzaldehyde carrying a dimethylamino substituent at position 4. Used as an indicator for detection of indoles and hydrazine.	2.13	1	0	benzaldehydes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	chromogenic compound
4-nitroanisole 4-nitroanisole: dye intermediate; organic synthesis; structure. 4-nitroanisole : A member of the class of 4-nitroanisoles that is anisole in which one the hydrogen meta to the methoxy group is replaced by a nitro group.	2.07	1	0	4-nitroanisoles
terephthalic acid terephthalic acid: RN given refers to 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid. terephthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid carrying carboxy groups at positions 1 and 4. One of three possible isomers of benzenedicarboxylic acid, the others being phthalic and isophthalic acids.	2.6	1	0	benzenedicarboxylic acid
2-diethylaminoethanol 2-diethylaminoethanol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. 2-diethylaminoethanol : A member of the class of ethanolamines that is aminoethanol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by ethyl groups.	2.1	1	0	ethanolamines; primary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
ethylbenzene [no description available]	3.65	9	0	alkylbenzene
styrene Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species.	8.61	9	0	styrenes; vinylarene; volatile organic compound	mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite
4-vinylpyridine 4-vinylpyridine: reagent for blocking cysteine function in proteins; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.74	3	0
benzyl chloride benzyl chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. chlorophenylmethane : A chlorohydrocarbon that is phenylmethane substituted by a chloro group at unspecified position.. benzyl chloride : A member of the class of benzyl chlorides that is toluene substituted on the alpha-carbon with chlorine.	2.05	1	0	benzyl chlorides
benzylamine aminotoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more amino groups.	2.78	3	0	aralkylamine; primary amine	allergen; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
benzonitrile benzonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a phenyl group.	8.15	5	0	benzenes; nitrile
nicotinyl alcohol Nicotinyl Alcohol: Alcohol analog of NICOTINIC ACID which is a direct-acting peripheral vasodilator that causes flushing and may decrease blood pressure. It is used in vasospasm and threatened GANGRENE.. 3-pyridinemethanol : A member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine which is substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at position 3 .	3.54	9	0	aromatic primary alcohol; pyridines	antilipemic drug; vasodilator agent
methylaniline methylaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd. methylaniline : A substituted aniline carrying one or more methyl groups at unspecified positions.	2.94	4	0	methylaniline; phenylalkylamine; secondary amine
phenylhydrazine [no description available]	2.35	2	0	phenylhydrazines	xenobiotic
anisole anisole : A monomethoxybenzene that is benzene substituted by a methoxy group.	9.46	7	0	monomethoxybenzene	plant metabolite
methylphenylsulfide thioanisole : An aryl sulfide that is thiophenol in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.39	2	0	aryl sulfide; benzenes
2-vinylpyridine [no description available]	2.03	1	0
2-ethylpyridine 2-ethylpyridine: RN given refers to compound with locant	2.99	4	0
quinuclidines Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.	2.08	1	0	quinuclidines; saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.07	1	0
cyclamic acid Cyclamates: Salts and esters of cyclamic acid.. cyclohexylsulfamic acid : A member of the class of sulfamic acids that is sulfamic acid carrying an N-cyclohexyl substituent.	2	1	0	sulfamic acids	environmental contaminant; human xenobiotic metabolite
pyridostigmine bromide Pyridostigmine Bromide: A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants.	2.87	4	0	pyridinium salt
methyl phenylacetate [no description available]	1.95	1	0	benzenes
4-benzylphenol 4-benzylphenol: metabolite of diphenylmethane; RN given refers to parent cpd	3.1	1	0
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane : An aromatic amine that is diphenylmethane substituted at the 4-position of each benzene ring by an amino group.	2.4	2	0	aromatic amine	allergen; carcinogenic agent
phenyl ether diphenyl ether : An aromatic ether in which the oxygen is attached to two phenyl substituents. It has been found in muscat grapes and vanilla.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether	plant metabolite
triethanolamine triethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triethanolamine : A tertiary amino compound that is ammonia in which each of the hydrogens is substituted by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.	3.26	6	0	amino alcohol; tertiary amino compound; triol	buffer; surfactant
tributylamine tributylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0	tertiary amine
boric acid [no description available]	3.41	7	0	boric acids	astringent
n-propylbenzene n-propylbenzene: RN given refers to parent cpd. propylbenzene : An alkylbenzene that is benzene having one of its aromatic hydrogens substituted by a propyl group.	2.51	2	0	alkylbenzene
phenylisothiocyanate phenylisothiocyanate: structure. phenyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenyl group attached to the nitrogen; used for amino acid sequencing in the Edman degradation.	2.06	1	0	isothiocyanate	allergen; reagent
phenetole phenetole : An aromatic ether in which the ether oxygen is bonded to an ethyl and a phenyl group.	2.48	2	0	aromatic ether
n-benzyl-n,n-dimethylamine [no description available]	2.25	1	0
chlorphenesin Chlorphenesin: A centrally acting muscle relaxant. Its mode of action is unknown. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1203). chlorphenesin : Glycerol in which the hydrogen of one of the primary hydroxy groups is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group. It has antifungal and antibacterial properties, and is used for treatment of cutaneous and vaginal infections. Its 1-carbamate is used as a skeletal muscle relaxant for the treatment of painful muscle spasm.	2.1	1	0	glycol; monochlorobenzenes; propane-1,2-diols	antibacterial drug; antifungal drug; muscle relaxant
nonoxynol Nonoxynol: Nonionic surfactant mixtures varying in the number of repeating ethoxy (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) groups. They are used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, defoaming agents, etc. Nonoxynol-9, the compound with 9 repeating ethoxy groups, is a spermatocide, formulated primarily as a component of vaginal foams and creams.	1.98	1	0
2-ethylhexanol [no description available]	3.1	1	0	primary alcohol	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
ethyl propionate ethyl propionate: cholesterol gallstone solvent. ethyl propionate : A propanoate ester of ethanol.	3.49	2	0	propanoate ester	metabolite
ethyl butyrate ethyl butyrate : A butyrate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of ethanol with the carboxy group of butyric acid.	3.48	2	0	butyrate ester	plant metabolite
caprolactam Caprolactam: Cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. Can cause local irritation.. epsilon-caprolactam : A member of the class of caprolactams that is azepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.98	4	0	caprolactams	human blood serum metabolite
2,4-dimethylphenol 2,4-dimethylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,4-xylenol : A member of the class of phenols that phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 4.	3.5	2	0	aromatic fungicide; phenols	disinfectant; volatile oil component
citronellal citronellal: aldehyde of citronellol; found in citronella oil. citronellal : A monoterpenoid, the main component of citronella oil which gives it its distinctive lemon aroma.	2.01	1	0	aldehyde; monoterpenoid	antifungal agent; metabolite
1,4-dibromobenzene [no description available]	2.05	1	0	dibromobenzene
4-bromophenol 4-bromophenol : A bromophenol containing only hydroxy and bromo substituents that are para to one another.	2.98	4	0	bromophenol	human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; marine metabolite; mouse metabolite; persistent organic pollutant; rat metabolite
4-xylene p-xylene : A xylene with methyl groups at positions 1 and 4.	3.22	5	0	xylene
4-chloroaniline 4-chloroaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloroaniline : A chloroaniline in which the chloro atom is para to the aniline amino group.	2.42	2	0	chloroaniline; monochlorobenzenes
4-toluidine 4-toluidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-toluidine : An aminotoluene in which the amino substituent is para to the methyl group.	2.02	1	0	aminotoluene
4-phenylenediamine 4-phenylenediamine: agent hair dye responsible for contact dermatitis; RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,4-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine in which the amino functions are at positions 1 and 4 of the benzene nucleus.	2.46	2	0	phenylenediamine	allergen; dye; hapten; reagent
methyl caproate methyl hexanoate : A fatty acid methyl ester derived from hexanoic (caproic acid).	2.01	1	0	fatty acid methyl ester; hexanoate ester	flavouring agent; plant metabolite
epichlorohydrin Epichlorohydrin: A chlorinated epoxy compound used as an industrial solvent. It is a strong skin irritant and carcinogen.. epichlorohydrin : An epoxide that is 1,2-epoxypropene in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by chlorine.	2.01	1	0	epoxide; organochlorine compound
glycidyl methacrylate glycidyl methacrylate: RN given refers to monomer. glycidyl methacrylate : An enoate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of methacrylic acid with the hydroxy group of glycidol.	2.47	2	0	enoate ester; epoxide
ethylene dibromide Ethylene Dibromide: An effective soil fumigant, insecticide, and nematocide. In humans, it causes severe burning of skin and irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. Prolonged inhalation may cause liver necrosis. It is also used in gasoline. Members of this group have caused liver and lung cancers in rodents. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), 1,2-dibromoethane may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen.. 1,2-dibromoethane : A bromoalkane that is ethane carrying bromo substituents at positions 1 and 2. It is produced by marine algae.	2.08	1	0	bromoalkane; bromohydrocarbon	algal metabolite; carcinogenic agent; fumigant; marine metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen
butane butane : A straight chain alkane composed of 4 carbon atoms.	4.21	5	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	food propellant; refrigerant
1-butene but-1-ene : A butene with unsaturation at position 1.	1.96	1	0	butene
1,3-butadiene buta-1,3-diene : A butadiene with unsaturation at positions 1 and 3.	7.78	3	0	butadiene	carcinogenic agent; mutagen
acrolein [no description available]	6.28	34	1	enal	herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin
propanethiol propanethiol: RN given refers to parent cpd. propane-1-thiol : An alkanethiol that is propane substituted by a thiol group at position 1.	2.13	1	0	alkanethiol	plant metabolite
propylamine propylamine : A member of the class of alkylamines that is propane substituted by an amino group at C-1.	2.67	3	0	alkylamines
propionitrile propionitrile: structure. propionitrile : A nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the carbon-carbon double bond has been reduced to a single bond.	2.39	2	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	polar aprotic solvent
acrylonitrile [no description available]	2.74	3	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	antifungal agent; carcinogenic agent; fungal metabolite; mutagen; polar aprotic solvent
allyl alcohol allyl alcohol: structure. allylic alcohol : An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.).. allyl alcohol : A propenol in which the C=C bond connects C-2 and C-3. It is has been found in garlic (Allium sativum). Formerly used as a herbicide for the control of various grass and weed seeds.	3.79	11	0	primary allylic alcohol; propenol	antibacterial agent; fungicide; herbicide; insecticide; plant metabolite
propargyl alcohol propargyl alcohol: irreversibly inactivates alcohol oxidase; RN given refers to parent cpd. prop-2-yn-1-ol : A terminal acetylenic compound that is prop-2-yne substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.	4.26	5	0	propynol; terminal acetylenic compound; volatile organic compound	antifungal agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glyoxal [no description available]	9.96	11	0	dialdehyde	agrochemical; allergen; pesticide; plant growth regulator
ethylmercuric chloride Ethylmercuric Chloride: A highly toxic compound used as a fungicide for treating seeds.. ethylmercuric chloride : A highly toxic organomercury compound which is used as a fungicide for treating seeds.	1.95	1	0	chlorine molecular entity; organomercury compound	fungicide
methyl formate methyl formate: RN given refers to parent cpd. methyl formate : A formate ester resulting from the formal condensation of formic acid with methanol. A low-boiling (31.5 degreeC) colourless, flammable liquid, it has been used as a fumigant and larvicide for tobacco and food crops.	5.36	18	0	formate ester; methyl ester; volatile organic compound	fumigant; insecticide; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant
tetraethyl pyrophosphate tetraethyl pyrophosphate: topical agent for glaucoma; structure	1.98	1	0	organic diphosphate
2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.	10.35	284	1	alkane
2-pentanone pentanone : Any ketone that is pentane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position.	4.03	4	0	methyl ketone; pentanone	plant metabolite
1,3-butylene glycol 1,3-butylene glycol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. butane-1,3-diol : A butanediol compound having two hydroxy groups in the 1- and 3-positions.	2.36	2	0	butanediol; glycol
3-hydroxybutanal [no description available]	3.17	5	0
deanol Deanol: An antidepressive agent that has also been used in the treatment of movement disorders. The mechanism of action is not well understood.. N,N-dimethylethanolamine : A tertiary amine that is ethanolamine having two N-methyl substituents.	1.93	1	0	ethanolamines; tertiary amine	curing agent; radical scavenger
vinyl acetate [no description available]	2.49	2	0	acetate ester
1,3-dimethylbutylamine 1,3-dimethylbutylamine: a stimulant; structure in first source	2.17	1	0
methyl isobutyl ketone [no description available]	3.83	3	0	ketone
isobutylmethylcarbinol isobutylmethylcarbinol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.05	1	0
diisopropylamine diisopropylamine: structure given in first source	2.38	2	0
diisopropyl ether [no description available]	2.01	1	0
acetic anhydride acetic anhydride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. acetic anhydride : An acyclic carboxylic anhydride derived from acetic acid.	3.1	5	0	acyclic carboxylic anhydride	metabolite; reagent
gamma-valerolactone gamma-valerolactone: metabolite of n-hexane; RN given refers to cpd with methyl moiety in position 5. gamma-valerolactone : A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one substituted by a methyl group at position 5. It has been found in the urine samples of humans exposed to n-hexane.	2.52	2	0	butan-4-olide	flavouring agent; human xenobiotic metabolite
maleic anhydride Maleic Anhydrides: Used in copolymerization reactions, in the Diels-Alder(diene)synthesis, in the preparation of resins, pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. It is a powerful irritant and causes burns.. maleic anhydride : A cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of maleic acid.	3.34	6	0	cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; furans	allergen
propylene carbonate 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one: structure in first source	3.14	5	0
3-xylene m-xylene : A xylene carrying methyl groups at positions 1 and 3.	3.49	2	0	xylene
3-chloroaniline 3-chloroaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.39	2	0
3-chlorophenol 3-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol carrying the chloro substituent at position 3.	2.44	2	0	monochlorophenol
2,6-lutidine 2,6-dimethylpyridine : A member of the class of methylpyridines that is pyridine carrying methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6.	2.02	1	0	methylpyridines
methyl malonate methyl malonate: do not confuse with methylmalonate, i.e., malonic acid substituted with a methyl group on C2; structure	7.07	1	0
mesitylene mesitylene: structure. 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene : A trimethylbenzene carrying methyl substituents at positions 1, 3 and 5.	2.02	1	0	trimethylbenzene
3,5-xylenol 3,5-xylenol: RN given refers to 3,5-isomer. 3,5-xylenol : A member of the class of phenols that phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 5.	2.7	3	0	phenols	xenobiotic metabolite
1,3,5-trichlorobenzene 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene: structure in first source. 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene : A trichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1, 3 and 5.	3.07	1	0	trichlorobenzene
gamma-collidine gamma-collidine: structure	2.08	1	0	methylpyridines
melamine melamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. melamine : A trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton.	8.48	7	0	triamino-1,3,5-triazine	xenobiotic metabolite
cyanuric acid cyanuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. isocyanuric acid : The keto tautomer of cyanuric acid.. cyanuric acid : The enol tautomer of isocyanuric acid.	7.46	2	0	1,3,5-triazinanes; 1,3,5-triazines; heteroaryl hydroxy compound	xenobiotic
diisobutyl ketone [no description available]	2.11	1	0	ketone
bromobenzene [no description available]	3.26	6	0	bromoarene; bromobenzenes; volatile organic compound	hepatotoxic agent; mouse metabolite; non-polar solvent
chlorobenzene [no description available]	4.49	7	0	monochlorobenzenes	solvent
cyclohexanol Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.	5.41	19	0	cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol	solvent
cyclohexanone [no description available]	4.01	4	0	cyclohexanones	human xenobiotic metabolite
thiophenol thiophenol : A thiol in which the sulfanyl group is attached to a phenyl group.	2.39	2	0	aryl thiol
triethylene glycol dimethacrylate [no description available]	4.5	7	0
dibutyl sebacate dibutyl sebacate: used in retail packaging of foods	2	1	0	fatty acid ester
n-pentanoic acid n-pentanoic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. valeric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing five carbon atoms.	2.7	3	0	short-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	plant metabolite
propyl acetate propyl acetate: affects aggression without affecting motor activity; RN given refers to parent cpd. propyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of acetic acid with propanol.	3.5	2	0	acetate ester	fragrance; plant metabolite
propyl chloroformate propyl chloroformate: structure in first source	2.11	1	0
boron trifluoride etherate [no description available]	2.07	1	0
pentane Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms.	6.97	36	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent; refrigerant
1-pentene 1-pentene: structure in first source	3.07	1	0
butyl chloride butyl chloride: structure	3.48	2	0
n-butylamine n-butylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. butan-1-amine : A primary aliphatic amine that is butane substituted by an amino group at position 1.	2.94	4	0	primary aliphatic amine
methyl cellosolve methyl cellosolve: widely used industrial solvent for resins, lacquers, dyes & inks; may cause anemia macrocytosis, appearance of young granulocytes in blood; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.74	3	0	glycol ether	protic solvent; solvent
dimethoxymethane dimethoxymethane : An acetal that is the dimethyl acetal derivative of formaldehyde.	7.95	4	0	acetal; diether
diethylamine [no description available]	3.54	8	0	secondary aliphatic amine
ethyl vinyl ether ethyl vinyl ether: structure	2.4	2	0
vinyl ether vinyl ether: major descriptor (65-85); on-line search VINYL COMPOUNDS (66-85); Index Medicus search VINYL ETHER (65-85)	2.49	2	0	ether
ethyl formate ethyl formate : A formate ester resulting from the formal condensation of formic acid with ethanol.. ethoxycarbonyl group : An organyl group of formula -COOEt.	3.07	1	0	ethyl ester; formate ester	fumigant; plant metabolite
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	5.14	45	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
tetrahydrofuran oxolane : A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen.	6.97	55	0	cyclic ether; oxolanes; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; volatile organic compound	polar aprotic solvent
furan furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.	3.14	5	0	furans; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; Maillard reaction product
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	4.48	22	0	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
succinamide [no description available]	2.01	1	0
isobutyl acetate isobutyl acetate : The acetate ester of isobutanol.	3.07	1	0	acetate ester	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethyl decanoate ethyl decanoate : A fatty acid ethyl ester of decanoic acid.	2.11	1	0	decanoate ester; fatty acid ethyl ester	metabolite
n-hexane hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms.	9.34	141	1	alkane; volatile organic compound	neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
1,4-butanediol butane-1,4-diol : A butanediol that is butane in which one hydrogen of each of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. A colourless, water-miscible, viscous liquid at room temperature (m.p. 16degreeC) with a high boiling point (230degreeC), it is mainly used for the production of other organic chemicals, particularly the solvent oxolane (also known as tetrahydrofuran or THF).	2.05	1	0	butanediol; glycol	neurotoxin; prodrug; protic solvent
1,2-dimethoxyethane 1,2-dimethoxyethane: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants for methoxy moieties. 1,2-dimethoxyethane : A diether that is the 1,2-dimethyl ether of ethane-1,2-diol.	2.03	1	0	diether	non-polar solvent
2-ethoxyethanol 2-ethoxyethanol : A hydroxyether that is the ethyl ether derivative of ethylene glycol.	1.96	1	0	glycol ether; primary alcohol	protic solvent; teratogenic agent
cyclohexane Cyclohexane: C6H12. cyclohexane : An alicyclic hydrocarbon comprising a ring of six carbon atoms; the cyclic form of hexane, used as a raw material in the manufacture of nylon.	4.51	22	0	cycloalkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
cyclohexene cyclohexene : A cycloalkene that is cylohexane with a single double bond.	2.71	3	0	cycloalkene
piperidine [no description available]	7.37	2	0	azacycloalkane; piperidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; secondary amine	base; catalyst; human metabolite; non-polar solvent; plant metabolite; protic solvent; reagent
morpholine [no description available]	2.43	2	0	morpholines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	NMR chemical shift reference compound
squalane [no description available]	2.02	1	0
2-octanone 2-octanone : A methyl ketone that is octane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	3.07	1	0	methyl ketone	metabolite
hexylamine hexylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-hexanamine : A 6-carbon primary aliphatic amine.	2.08	1	0	primary aliphatic amine	metabolite
1-hexanol 1-hexanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. hexanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.. hexan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.	5.34	18	0	hexanol; primary alcohol	alarm pheromone; antibacterial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite
1,5-pentanediol [no description available]	2.42	2	0	primary alcohol
diethylene glycol glycol ether : A hydroxyether which contains both an ether and alcohol functional groups. It is one of the most versatile classes of organic solvents which are commonly used in paints, cleaners, adhesives, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.	6.67	12	0	hydroxyether
heptanol Heptanol: A colorless liquid with a fragrant odor. It is used as an intermediate, solvent and in cosmetics.. heptanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of seven carbon atoms.. heptan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has been isolated from Capillipedium parviflorum.	4.47	7	0	heptanol; primary alcohol	flavouring agent; fragrance; gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor; plant metabolite
octylamine octylamine: RN given refers to 1-octylamine. octan-1-amine : An 8-carbon primary aliphatic amine.	2.48	2	0	primary aliphatic amine	metabolite
dibutylamine [no description available]	2.04	1	0
dodecyltrimethylammonium dodecyltrimethylammonium: used to determine thermal stability of DNA; RN given refers to parent cpd. dodecyltrimethylammonium ion : A quarternary ammonium cation having one dodecyl and three methyl substituents around the central nitrogen.	2.44	2	0	quaternary ammonium ion
pelargonic acid pelargonic acid: K salt acts as cariostatic agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. nonanoic acid : A C9 straight-chain saturated fatty acid which occurs naturally as esters of the oil of pelargonium. Has antifungal properties, and is also used as a herbicide as well as in the preparation of plasticisers and lacquers.	2.43	2	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; antifeedant; Daphnia magna metabolite; plant metabolite
triethylene glycol triethylene glycol : A poly(ethylene glycol) that is octane-1,8-diol in which the carbon atoms at positions 3 and 6 have been replaced by oxygen atoms.	2.96	4	0	diol; poly(ethylene glycol); primary alcohol	plasticiser
n-decyl alcohol n-decyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd. decanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.. decan-1-ol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.	2.48	2	0	decanol; primary alcohol	metabolite; pheromone; protic solvent
butyl carbitol butyl carbitol: structure	2.02	1	0	ether
methyl palmitate [no description available]	2.06	1	0	fatty acid methyl ester	metabolite
n-dodecane dodecane : A straight-chain alkane with 12 carbon atoms. It has been isolated from the essential oils of various plants including Zingiber officinale (ginger).	3.45	7	0	alkane	plant metabolite
dodecanol Dodecanol: A saturated 12-carbon fatty alcohol obtained from coconut oil fatty acids. It has a floral odor and is used in detergents, lubricating oils, and pharmaceuticals. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). dodecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of twelve carbon atoms.. dodecan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is dodecane in which a hydrogen from one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is registered for use in apple and pear orchards as a Lepidopteran pheromone/sex attractant, used to disrupt the mating behaviour of certain moths whose larvae destroy crops.	3.3	6	0	dodecanol; primary alcohol	bacterial metabolite; cosmetic; insect attractant; insecticide; pheromone; plant metabolite
tetraethylenepentamine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	polyazaalkane	copper chelator
stearyl alcohol octadecan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of 18 carbon atoms.. octadecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of eighteen carbon atoms.	2.01	1	0	long-chain primary fatty alcohol; octadecanol	algal metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
ergotamine Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.	2.86	4	0	peptide ergot alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; mycotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; oxytocic; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
phenformin Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.	2.21	1	0	biguanides	antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
obidoxime chloride Obidoxime Chloride: Cholinesterase reactivator occurring in two interchangeable isomeric forms, syn and anti.	2.03	1	0
propylene propylene: structure	3.89	11	0	alkene; gas molecular entity	refrigerant; xenobiotic
dimethyl ether dimethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two methyl groups.	5.44	19	0	ether
isobutylene 2-methylprop-1-ene : An alkene that is prop-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 2.	7.44	2	0	alkene; gas molecular entity
3-hydroxy-3-methylbutene 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutene: narcotic, sleep-producing principle from hops; RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-ene : A tertiary alcohol that is 3-methylbut-1-ene carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 3.	2	1	0	olefinic compound; tertiary alcohol	animal metabolite; fragrance; pheromone; plant metabolite
2,2,2-trichloroethanol [no description available]	3.77	3	0	chloroethanol	mouse metabolite
mephobarbital Mephobarbital: A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL.. mephobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	2.05	1	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant
bromphenol blue Bromphenol Blue: A dye that has been used as an industrial dye, a laboratory indicator, and a biological stain.. bromophenol blue : 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. It is used as a laboratory indicator, changing from yellow below pH 3 to purple at pH 4.6, and as a size marker for monitoring the progress of agarose gel and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It has also been used as an industrial dye.	2.03	1	0	2,1-benzoxathiole; arenesulfonate ester; organobromine compound; phenols; sultone	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
triphenyl phosphate triphenyl phosphate: structure. triphenyl phosphate : An aryl phosphate resulting from the formal condensation of phosphoric acid with 3 mol eq. of phenol.	2.58	2	0	aryl phosphate	flame retardant; plasticiser
acetol hydroxyacetone : A propanone that is acetone in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	1.92	1	0	methyl ketone; primary alcohol; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; propanones	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
2-methoxypropene 2-methoxypropene: structure in first source	2.11	1	0
tetrafluoroethylene tetrafluoroethylene: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.01	1	0	fluorocarbon
2-methylbutanoic acid 2-methylbutanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 2-methylbutyric acid : A methylbutyric acid comprising a butyric acid core carrying a 2-methyl substituent. Produced from amino acid leucine during nutrient starvation in bacteria.	2.07	1	0	methylbutyric acid	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite
anthrarufin 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone: used in ferric ion sensing as an inclusion complex with beta-cyclodextrin; structure in first source. anthrarufin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 5.	3.1	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone
diethylhexyl phthalate Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	3.51	8	0	diester; phthalate ester	androstane receptor agonist; apoptosis inhibitor; plasticiser
di-n-octyl phthalate di-n-octyl phthalate: plasticizer	2.02	1	0	diester; phthalate ester
ortho-hydroxybenzophenone ortho-hydroxybenzophenone: structure in first source. hydroxybenzophenone : Any benzophenone into which is substituted one or more hydroxy groups.	2.11	1	0
3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid : A benzoic acid derivative carrying 3-, 4- and 5-methoxy substituents.	1.95	1	0	benzoic acids; methoxybenzenes	human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.	2.92	4	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorobenzenes	antifungal agrochemical; carcinogenic agent; persistent organic pollutant
chloranil Chloranil: A quinone fungicide used for treatment of seeds and foliage.. tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquiones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which all four hydrogens are substituted by chlorines.	2.43	2	0	1,4-benzoquinones; organochlorine compound	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; metabolite
2-toluic acid 2-toluic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. o-toluic acid : A methylbenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2.	3.1	1	0	methylbenzoic acid	xenobiotic metabolite
trinitrotoluene Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.	2.98	4	0	trinitrotoluene	explosive
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	3.06	5	0	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
2,4-dinitroanisole 2,4-dinitroanisole : A member of the class of dinitroanisoles that is 2-nitroanisole in which the hydrogen para to the methoxy group is replaced by a second nitro group.	2.1	1	0	dinitroanisoles	explosive
benzoin [no description available]	2.46	2	0	benzoins; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor
isoquinoline [no description available]	7.37	2	0	azaarene; isoquinolines; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene
scoparone scoparone: structure. scoparone : A member of the class of coumarins that is esculetin in which the two hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 7 are replaced by methoxy groups. It is a major constituent of the Chinese herbal medicine Yin Chen Hao, and exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-tumor activities.	2.48	2	0	aromatic ether; coumarins	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; antilipemic drug; immunosuppressive agent; plant metabolite
anthracene acene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.. acenes : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement and their substitution derivatives.	3.08	5	0	acene; anthracenes; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
dimethoxyphenylethylamine Dimethoxyphenylethylamine: A derivative of phenethylamine containing two substituent methoxy groups in the phenyl ring.. 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine : An aromatic ether that is the derivative of 2-phenylethylamine with methoxy substituents at the 3- and 4-positions. It is an alkaloid isolated from the Cactaceae family.	2.1	1	0	alkaloid; aromatic ether; phenylethylamine	allergen; plant metabolite
tropine [no description available]	2.17	1	0
ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate: structure	3.8	3	0	ethyl ester; paraben	antifungal agent; antimicrobial food preservative; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
dimethyl 4-phthalate dimethyl 4-phthalate: solvent; structure. dimethyl terephthalate : A diester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of terephthalic acid with methanol. It is a primary ingredient widely used in the manufacture of polyesters and industrial plastics.	2.03	1	0	diester; methyl ester; phthalate ester
sulfoxide sulfoxide: synergistic insecticide for use with pyrethrum, allethrin, rotenone, ryania, etc.; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. sulfoxide : An organosulfur compound having the structure R2S=O or R2C=S=O (R =/= H).	2.03	1	0	benzodioxoles
2,4-dichlorophenol 2,4-dichlorophenol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent+ cpd; structure. 2,4-dichlorophenol : A dichlorophenol that is phenol carrying chloro substituents at positions 2 and 4.	2.52	2	0	dichlorophenol
cyclopentanone [no description available]	3.07	1	0	cyclopentanones	Maillard reaction product
3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole : An aromatic ether that is 4-methoxyphenol in which one of the hydrogens ortho- to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a tert-butyl group.	3.1	1	0	aromatic ether; phenols	antioxidant; human xenobiotic metabolite
2,4-dinitrotoluene 2,4-dinitrotoluene : A dinitrotoluene in which the methyl group is ortho to one of the nitro groups and para to the other. It is the most common isomer of dinitrotoluene.	2.05	1	0	dinitrotoluene
vanillic acid Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.	9.11	15	0	methoxybenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid	plant metabolite
trimethyl borate trimethyl borate : A member of the class of borate esters obtained by the formal condensation of three equivalents of methanol with boric acid.	2.46	2	0	borate esters
triethylamine [no description available]	4.81	31	0	tertiary amine
cyclonite cyclonite: explosive & convulsant; structure. 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane : An N-nitro compound that is 1,3,5-triazinane in which all three of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogens have been replaced by nitro groups. It is widely used in both industrial and military explosives.	2.46	2	0	1,3,5-triazinanes; N-nitro compound	explosive
3-nitrobenzoic acid 3-nitrobenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.68	3	0
1,4-naphthoquinone naphthoquinone : A polycyclic aromatic ketone metabolite of naphthalene.. 1,4-naphthoquinone : The parent structure of the family of 1,4-naphthoquinones, in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 4 of the naphthalene ring. Derivatives have pharmacological properties.	7.49	2	0	1,4-naphthoquinones
pamoic acid pamoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.99	1	0	dicarboxylic acid
dimethyl phthalate dimethyl phthalate: used as plasticizer in computer mouse; structure	2.74	3	0	diester; methyl ester; phthalate ester
diatrizoate meglumine Diatrizoate Meglumine: A versatile contrast medium used for DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY RADIOLOGY.. meglumine amidotrizoate : The N-methylglucamine salt of amidotrizoic acid. Both the sodium and the meglumine salts of amidotrizoic acid have been widely used as water-soluble radioopaque media in diagnostic radiography. The use of a mixture of the two salts is often preferred, as adverse effects can be reduced.	2.08	1	0	monocarboxylic acid anion	radioopaque medium
meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.	1.98	1	0	hexosamine; secondary amino compound
naphthoresorcinol naphthoresorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.02	1	0
captan Captan: One of the phthalimide fungicides.. captan : A dicarboximide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydrophthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethyl group. A non-systemic fungicide introduced in the 1950s, it is widely used for the control of fungal diseases in fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops.	2	1	0	isoindoles; organochlorine compound; organosulfur compound; phthalimide fungicide	antifungal agrochemical
folpet folpet : A member of the class of phthalimides that is phthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethylthio group. An agricultural fungicide, it has been used to control mildew, leaf spot, and other diseases in crops sice the 1950s.	2	1	0	organochlorine compound; organosulfur compound; phthalimide fungicide	antifungal agrochemical
methyl anthranilate methyl anthranilate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of anthranilic acid.	2.02	1	0	benzoate ester	flavouring agent; metabolite
1-naphthylamine 1-Naphthylamine: A suspected industrial carcinogen (and listed as such by OSHA). Its N-hydroxy metabolite is strongly carcinogenic and mutagenic.. naphthylamine : A primary arylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at unspecified position.. 1-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at position 1.	3.53	2	0	naphthylamine	human xenobiotic metabolite
benzil benzil: structure. benzil : An alpha-diketone that is ethane-1,2-dione substituted by phenyl groups at positions 1 and 2 respectively.	1.99	1	0	alpha-diketone; aromatic ketone
syringaldehyde syringaldehyde: isolated from nonfermented fiber fractions of oat hulls and cottonseed hulls. syringaldehyde : A hydroxybenzaldehyde that is 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3 and 5. Isolated from Pisonia aculeata and Panax japonicus var. major, it exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	2.06	1	0	dimethoxybenzene; hydroxybenzaldehyde	hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	8	39	1	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
2-methylbutanol 2-methylbutanol: fragrance; structure in first source. 2-methylbutan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is isopentane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.	2.05	1	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
shikimic acid Shikimic Acid: A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid important in biosynthesis of so many compounds that the shikimate pathway is named after it.. shikimic acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms.	5.21	9	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-nitrosodimethylaniline 4-nitrosodimethylaniline: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd. N,N-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline : A member of the class of dimethylanilines that is N,N-dimethylaniline having a nitroso group at the 4-position.	2.78	3	0	dimethylaniline; nitroso compound; tertiary amino compound
nitrilotriacetic acid Nitrilotriacetic Acid: A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.)	2.45	2	0	NTA; tricarboxylic acid	carcinogenic agent; nephrotoxic agent
n,n-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine: RN given refers to parent cpd. N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine : A bicine that is a Good's buffer substance, pKa = 8.35 at 20 degreeC.	2.02	1	0	bicine
protocatechualdehyde protocatechualdehyde: found in wheat grains, wheat seedlings, & other plants; RN given refers to parent cpd; see also rancinamycins; structure	2.44	2	0	dihydroxybenzaldehyde
dodecyl sulfate dodecyl sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE	1.97	1	0	alkyl sulfate
p-cresyl acetate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzoate ester; phenols
citronellol citronellol: alcohol form of citronellal; found in rose oil; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. citronellol : A monoterpenoid that is oct-6-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 3 and 7.. insect repellent : An insecticide that acts as a repellent to insects.	3.8	3	0	monoterpenoid	plant metabolite
n-butyl acrylate butyl acrylate : An acrylate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol with the carboxy group of acrylic acid.	1.97	1	0	acrylate ester
ethyl acetate ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.	9.66	240	0	acetate ester; ethyl ester; volatile organic compound	EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; metabolite; polar aprotic solvent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mesityl oxide mesityl oxide: solvent for extraction of nitrocellulose, many resins, & tellurium; structure	2	1	0	olefinic compound
ethyl acetoacetate ethyl acetoacetate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. ethyl acetoacetate : An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetoacetic acid with ethanol.	7.02	1	0	ethyl ester	antibacterial agent; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
diallyl glycol carbonate CR 39: plastic used as a charged particle detector for superimposed autoradiography tissue images	2.02	1	0
hexanoic acid hexanoic acid : A C6, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	4.02	4	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human metabolite; plant metabolite
cupric acetate [no description available]	2.48	2	0
iminodiacetic acid iminodiacetic acid: used as hepatobiliary imaging agent when labeled with Tc; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. iminodiacetic acid : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a carboxymethyl group.	2.39	2	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; glycine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	chelator
n-heptane Heptanes: Seven-carbon alkanes with the formula C7H16.. heptane : A straight-chain alkane with seven carbon atoms. It has been found in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi).	10.88	30	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent; plant metabolite
dibutyl ether [no description available]	3.07	1	0
sodium cyanide Sodium Cyanide: A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.. sodium cyanide : A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions.	2.37	2	0	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; sodium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor
tetraphenylborate Tetraphenylborate: An anionic compound that is used as a reagent for determination of potassium, ammonium, rubidium, and cesium ions. It also uncouples oxidative phosphorylation and forms complexes with biological materials, and is used in biological assays.	7.72	3	0
pregnenolone [no description available]	4.44	7	0	20-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; C21-steroid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
20-alpha-dihydroprogesterone 20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone: A biologically active 20-alpha-reduced metabolite of PROGESTERONE. It is converted from progesterone to 20-alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one by the 20-ALPHA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE in the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA.	2.42	2	0	20-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.	3.49	8	0	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
2-chloroadenosine 5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first source	1.97	1	0	purine nucleoside
diphenhydramine hydrochloride Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine.	4.32	6	0	hydrochloride; organoammonium salt	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; sedative
ditiocarb Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.	4.21	5	0	dithiocarbamic acids	chelator; copper chelator
2-vanillin ortho-vanillin : A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is salicylaldehyde substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.	1.97	1	0	benzaldehydes; guaiacols	antimutagen; plant metabolite
3-hydroxyanisole 3-hydroxyanisole: structure in first source. 3-methoxyphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol having a methoxy-substituent at the 3-position.	2.44	2	0	monomethoxybenzene; phenols
dulcin dulcin: structure	2.15	1	0	ureas
mequinol mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd	4.02	4	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols	metabolite
1,4-dimethoxybenzene 1,4-dimethoxybenzene: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	dimethoxybenzene
potassium cyanide [no description available]	3.37	7	0	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; potassium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; neurotoxin
cycloguanil cycloguanil: the active metabolite of proguanil; antifolate drug; structure in first source. cycloguanil : A triazine in which a 1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine ring is substituted at N-1 by a 4-chlorophenyl group, at C-2 and -4 by amino groups and at C-6 by gem-dimethyl groups. A dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, it is a metabolite of the antimalarial drug proguanil.	1.96	1	0	triazines	antifolate; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
dydrogesterone [no description available]	2.13	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid	progestin
hydroxytryptophol Hydroxytryptophol: 5-Hydroxy-indole-3-ethanol.	7.93	4	0	indoles
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	7.69	43	0	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
thiamine pyrophosphate Thiamine Pyrophosphate: The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.. thiamine(1+) diphosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) diphosphate.	2.88	4	0	organic chloride salt; vitamin B1
phenetidine Phenetidine: Used in the manufacture of acetophenetidin.. 4-ethoxyaniline : An aromatic ether that is aniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by an ethoxy group. It is a hydrolysis metabolite of phenacetin.	3.1	1	0	aromatic ether; primary amino compound; substituted aniline	drug metabolite
homoarginine L-homoarginine : An L-lysine derivative that is the L-enantiomer of homoarginine.	2.02	1	0	homoarginine; L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	biomarker; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; human metabolite; rat metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite
diazooxonorleucine Diazooxonorleucine: An amino acid that inhibits phosphate-activated glutaminase and interferes with glutamine metabolism. It is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by an unidentified species of Streptomyces from Peruvian soil. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-norleucine which is substituted at position 5 by an oxo group and at position 6 by a diazo group. It is as inhibitor of various glutamine-utilising enzymes.	1.95	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; diazo compound; ketone; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	analgesic; antibacterial agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.4.2.14 (amidophosphoribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.2 (glutaminase) inhibitor; EC 6.3.4.2 [CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolyzing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.1 [NAD(+) synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.2 [GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.3 (phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase) inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.4 [asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.5 [carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; glutamine antagonist
perylene Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings.	4.34	19	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene; perylenes
acenaphthylene acenaphthylene: RN given refers to parent cpd. acenaphthylene : A ortho- and peri-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon that occurs in coal tar.	2.41	1	0	acenaphthylenes; ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene; ortho- and peri-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
phenanthridine phenanthridine : An azaarene that is the 9-aza derivative of phenanthrene. The parent of the class of phenanthridines.	2.05	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; phenanthridines; polycyclic heteroarene
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	6.27	11	1	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.	5.45	12	0	acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	genotoxin
indazoles Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.	3.22	6	0	indazole
benzofuran benzofuran: RN & structure given in first source. 1-benzofuran : A benzofuran consisting of fused benzene and furan rings. It is the parent compound of the class of 1-benzofurans.	2.98	4	0	1-benzofurans; benzofuran
triethylenediamine triethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triethylenediamine : An organic heterobicylic compound that is piperazine with an ethane-1,2-diyl group forming a bridge between N1 and N4. It is typically used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions.	2.49	2	0	bridged compound; diamine; saturated organic heterobicyclic parent; tertiary amino compound	antioxidant; catalyst; reagent
adamantane Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.	2.15	1	0	adamantanes; polycyclic alkane
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	5.91	31	0	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	3.28	6	0	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	4.18	17	0	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	7.06	41	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyridazine pyridazine: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0	diazine; pyridazines
pyrimidine pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.	8.57	8	0	diazine; pyrimidines	Daphnia magna metabolite
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	4.19	16	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
o,o-diethyl dithiophosphate O,O-diethyl dithiophosphate: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	organic thiophosphate
nitroblue tetrazolium Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.	3.06	5	0	organic cation
methylphenazonium methosulfate Methylphenazonium Methosulfate: Used as an electron carrier in place of the flavine enzyme of Warburg in the hexosemonophosphate system and also in the preparation of SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE.	2.64	3	0	azaheterocycle sulfate salt; phenazines
ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.	4.25	18	0	phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines	bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
diiodotyrosine Diiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of MONOIODOTYROSINE. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, diiodotyrosine residues are coupled with other monoiodotyrosine or diiodotyrosine residues to form T4 or T3 thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE).. diiodotyrosine : A dihalogenated L-tyrosine which has two iodo-substituents on the benzyl moiety.. 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine : A diiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying iodo-substituents at positions C-3 and C-5 of the benzyl group. It is an intermediate in the thyroid hormone synthesis.	2.67	3	0	diiodotyrosine; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	10.85	37	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
thiocyanate thiocyanate: RN given refers to parent cpd. thiocyanate : A pseudohalide anion obtained by deprotonation of the thiol group of thiocyanic acid.	4.07	4	0	pseudohalide anion; sulfur molecular entity	human metabolite
paraoxon [no description available]	2.67	3	0	aryl dialkyl phosphate; organophosphate insecticide	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
monocrotaline Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.	1.95	1	0	pyrrolizidine alkaloid
aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.	7.44	2	0	mixture	bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug
linuron Linuron: A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). linuron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is N-methyl urea substituted by a methoxy group at position 1 and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at position 3.	3	4	0	dichlorobenzene; phenylureas	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
diazomethane Diazomethane: A diazonium compound with the formula CH2N2.. diazomethane : The simplest diazo compound, in which a diazo group is attached to a methylene group.	9.2	18	0	diazo compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; poison
perfluorooctanoic acid perfluorooctanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. perfluorooctanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated octanoic acid.	3.77	10	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; surfactant; xenobiotic
tetrapropylammonium tetrapropylammonium: more than 12 salts of above cpd in Chemline. tetrapropylammonium : A quarternary ammonium cation with four propyl substituents around the central nitrogen.	2.31	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
carbutamide Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)	2.05	1	0	benzenes; sulfonamide
diethyl sulfide ethyl sulfide : An aliphatic sulfide in which the sulfur atom is bonded to at least one ethyl group.. diethyl sulfide : An ethyl sulfide compound having two ethyl groups attached to a sulfur atom.	1.96	1	0	ethyl sulfide
pentafluoroethane [no description available]	2.31	1	0
1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane [no description available]	3.5	2	0
galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.	1.93	1	0	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
aminoimidazole carboxamide Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide : An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.	2.42	2	0	aminoimidazole; monocarboxylic acid amide	mouse metabolite
2-fluorophenol fluorophenol : A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded fluorine atoms.	2.02	1	0
2,4-difluoroaniline 2,4-difluoroaniline: chemical intermediate manufactured by the Halex process; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
4-fluorophenol 4-fluorophenol: structure given in first source. 4-fluorophenol : A fluorophenol that is phenol in which the hydrogen para- to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a fluorine.	2.76	3	0	fluorophenol; monofluorobenzenes
2-fluoroethanol [no description available]	1.96	1	0
3-fluorophenol 3-fluorophenol: structure in first source	2.44	2	0
citrulline citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.	2.39	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; citrulline	Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; protective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
perfluorobutyric acid perfluorobutyric acid: ion pairing reagent; RN given refers to parent cpd. perfluorobutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is perfluorinated butyric acid.	2.94	4	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	chromatographic reagent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)	2.38	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
4-hydroxyphenobarbital [no description available]	3.1	1	0	barbiturates
trifluoroacetic anhydride [no description available]	3.09	5	0
silicon carbide silicon carbide: fibers used for reinforcement of porcelain crowns; a feldspathic body (gingival) porcelain; used to coat titanium hip prostheses	2.46	2	0	organosilicon compound
cyanamide Cyanamide: A cyanide compound which has been used as a fertilizer, defoliant and in many manufacturing processes. It often occurs as the calcium salt, sometimes also referred to as cyanamide. The citrated calcium salt is used in the treatment of alcoholism.. cyanamide : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by an amino group.	7.37	2	0	nitrile; one-carbon compound	EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor
lithocholic acid Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.	3.48	2	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
nandrolone Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.	2.45	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid	human metabolite
xanthinol niacinate Xanthinol Niacinate: A vasodilator used in peripheral vascular disorders and insufficiency. It may cause gastric discomfort and hypotension.	1.96	1	0
1,2-dihydronaphthalene 1,2-dihydronaphthalene : A dihydronaphthalene hydrogenated at C-1 and C-2.	2.02	1	0	dihydronaphthalene
2-aminopurine 2-Aminopurine: A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).. aminopurine : Any purine having at least one amino substituent.. 2-aminopurine : The parent compound of the 2-aminopurines, comprising a purine core carrying an amino substituent at the 2-position.	2.44	2	0	2-aminopurines; nucleobase analogue	antimetabolite
cyanogen cyanogen: structure. oxalonitrile : A dinitrile that is ethane substituted by two cyano groups.	3.53	2	0	dinitrile; pseudohalogen
dicyandiamido dicyandiamido: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyanoguanidine : A guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a cyano group. It is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, explosives, oil well drilling muds, and dyestuffs.	3.13	1	0	guanidines; nitrile	curing agent; explosive; fertilizer; flame retardant; nitrification inhibitor
hydantoins Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.	5.3	10	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
fluorobenzenes Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.	3.81	11	0	monofluorobenzenes	NMR chemical shift reference compound
propadiene [no description available]	3.12	5	0	allenes
ketene ketene: structure. ketene : Carbonyl compounds where the C=O bond is conjugated to an alkylidene group.	2.73	3	0	ketene
carbonyl sulfide carbonyl sulfide: structure. carbonyl sulfide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon atom is attached to an oxygen and a sulfur atom via double bonds.	2.08	1	0	one-carbon compound; organosulfur compound
3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol [no description available]	2.05	1	0
dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.	3.04	1	0	1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoate	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.	5.51	20	0	calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound	antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent
glycyrrhetinic acid [no description available]	2.04	1	0	cyclic terpene ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	immunomodulator; plant metabolite
hopane hopane: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.21	1	0	terpenoid fundamental parent; triterpene
pinane pinane: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. pinane : A monoterpene that is bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 6 and 6.	2.01	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; monoterpene; terpenoid fundamental parent	plant metabolite
chenodeoxycholic acid Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	4.03	4	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
glycocholic acid Glycocholic Acid: The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.. glycocholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component.. glycocholate : A cholanic acid conjugate anion that is the conjugate base of glycocholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	1.95	1	0	bile acid glycine conjugate	human metabolite
isocorydine isocorydine: from root tubers of Stephania Kwangsiensis H.S. Lo; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5017	2.08	1	0	aporphine alkaloid
liriodenine liriodenine: structure given in first source. liriodenine : An oxoaporphine alkaloid that is 4,5,6,6a-tetradehydronoraporphin-7-one substituted by a methylenedioxy group across positions 1 and 2. It is isolated from Annona glabra and has been shown to exhibit antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.	2.06	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; cyclic ketone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxacycle; oxoaporphine alkaloid	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
fusarium Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.	9.93	36	0
rhein [no description available]	2.47	2	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone
nitramine nitramine : Amines substituted at N with a nitro group (a contracted form of N-nitroamines); they are thus amides of nitric acid, and the class is composed of nitramide, O2NNH2, and its derivatives formed by substitution.. N-methyl-N-picrylnitramine : A nitramine that is methylamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a nitro group while the other is substituted by a 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl group. A yellow crystalline powder, it is a high explosive, capable of being detonated by friction, shock, or a spark.	2.03	1	0	nitramine	explosive
lucanthone Lucanthone: One of the SCHISTOSOMICIDES, it has been replaced largely by HYCANTHONE and more recently PRAZIQUANTEL. (From Martindale The Extrapharmacopoeia, 30th ed., p46). lucanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. Formerly used for the treatment of schistosomiasis. It is a prodrug, being metabolised to hycanthone.	9.91	12	0	thioxanthenes	adjuvant; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; mutagen; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; schistosomicide drug
retronecine retronecine: RN given refers to (1R-trans)-isomer; structure	2.05	1	0	pyrrolizines
epitestosterone Epitestosterone: The 17-alpha isomer of TESTOSTERONE, derived from PREGNENOLONE via the delta5-steroid pathway, and via 5-androstene-3-beta,17-alpha-diol. Epitestosterone acts as an antiandrogen in various target tissues. The ratio between testosterone/epitestosterone is used to monitor anabolic drug abuse.. epitestosterone : An androstanoid that is the C-17 epimer of testosterone.	3.53	2	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid	androgen antagonist; human metabolite
plumbagin plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.	2.08	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; phenols	anticoagulant; antineoplastic agent; immunological adjuvant; metabolite
aloe emodin aloe emodin: structure distinct from emodin; this does not mean emodin from aloe. Aloe emodin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe.	3.1	4	0	aromatic primary alcohol; dihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
chrysophanic acid chrysophanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #2260. chrysophanol : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity.	3.83	3	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antiviral agent; plant metabolite
imperatorin imperatorin: tumor necrosis factor antagonist; furanocoumarin from West African medicinal plant Clausena anisata; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #3005. imperatorin : A member of the class of psoralens that is psoralen substituted by a prenyloxy group at position 8. Isolated from Angelica dahurica and Angelica koreana, it acts as a acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.	2.07	1	0	psoralens	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; metabolite
emetine Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.	1.94	1	0	isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline	antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
retene retene: structure in first source	2.36	2	0
naphthol yellow naphthol yellow: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. flavianic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid substituted by nitro groups at positions 5 and 7 as well as a hydroxy group at position 8. The disodium salt is the biological stain 'naphthol yellow S'.	1.97	1	0	C-nitro compound; naphthalenesulfonic acid; naphthols	histological dye
osthol osthol: from Cnidium monnieri and Angelica pubescens (both Apiaceae); structure given in first source	2.01	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; coumarins	metabolite
9-phenanthrol 9-phenanthrol: an inhibitor of AMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit; structure in first source. 9-phenanthrol : A phenanthrol that is phenanthrene in which a hydrogen attached to a carbon in the central ring has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.15	1	0	phenanthrol	TRPM4 channel inhibitor
reticulin Reticulin: A scleroprotein fibril consisting mostly of type III collagen. Reticulin fibrils are extremely thin, with a diameter of between 0.5 and 2 um. They are involved in maintaining the structural integrity in a variety of organs.	1.94	1	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline; isoquinolinol	plant metabolite
cytisine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	alkaloid; bridged compound; lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound	nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; phytotoxin; plant metabolite
ninhydrin Ninhydrin: 2,2-Dihydroxy-1H-indene-1,3-(2H)-dione. Reagent toxic to skin and mucus membranes. It is used in chemical assay for peptide bonds, i.e., protein determinations and has radiosensitizing properties.. ninhydrin : A member of the class of indanones that is indane-1,3-dione bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at position 2.	3.13	5	0	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone; indanones; ketone hydrate	colour indicator; human metabolite
bicuculline Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.	2.9	4	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines	agrochemical; central nervous system stimulant; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; GABAA receptor antagonist; neurotoxin
adenosine phosphosulfate Adenosine Phosphosulfate: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with sulfuric acid. The initial compound formed by the action of ATP sulfurylase on sulfate ions after sulfate uptake. Synonyms: adenosine sulfatophosphate; APS.. 5'-adenylyl sulfate : An adenosine 5'-phosphate having a sulfo group attached to one the phosphate OH groups.	2.04	1	0	acyl monophosphate; acyl sulfate; adenosine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
9-fluorenone fluoren-9-one : The simplest member of the class fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluorene bearing an oxo substituent at position 9.	7.44	2	0	fluoren-9-ones	fungal xenobiotic metabolite
flavanone flavanone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure in first source. flavanone : The simplest member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavan bearing an oxo substituent at position 4.	3.01	4	0	flavanones
salicylurate salicylurate: RN given refers to parent cpd. salicyluric acid : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as 2-hydroxybenzoyl.. salicylurate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of salicyluric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	1.99	1	0	N-acylglycine; secondary carboxamide	human xenobiotic metabolite; uremic toxin
kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.	3.11	5	0	dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist
thioxanthone thioxanthone: structure in first source	2.48	2	0
phenylpropanolamine Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid.	3.09	5	0	amphetamines; phenethylamine alkaloid	plant metabolite
methyl red methyl red: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. methyl red : An azo dye consisting of benzoic acid substituted at position 2 by a 4-[(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl group.	1.96	1	0
indoline indoline: structure given in first source	7.01	1	0	indoles
sodium carbonate sodium carbonate: used topically for dermatitides, mouthwash, vaginal douche; veterinary use as emergency emetic; RN given refers to carbonic acid, di-Na salt; structure	2.44	2	0	carbonate salt; organic sodium salt
butenolide butenolide: inhibits experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats. butenolide : A gamma-lactone that consists of a 2-furanone skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	2.08	1	0	butenolide
norcamphor norcamphor: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric desination	2.06	1	0
monomethyl succinate methylsuccinic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. methylsuccinic acid : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methylsuccinic acid. 2-methylbutanedioic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is butanedioic acid substituted at position 2 by a methyl group.	2.41	1	0	dicarboxylic acid
isomaltose [no description available]	2.25	1	0
carvacrol carvacrol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1).	4.42	6	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; p-menthane monoterpenoid; phenols	agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; flavouring agent; TRPA1 channel agonist; volatile oil component
dipicolinic acid dipicolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying two carboxy groups at positions 2 and 6.	2.47	2	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid	bacterial metabolite
indophenol Indophenol: A deep blue dye (with the formula OC6H4NC6H4OH) used to detect AMMONIA in a common test called the Berthelot's reaction and to detect PARACETAMOL by spectrophotometry.. indophenol : A quinone imine obtained by formal condensation of one of the keto groups of benzoquinone with the amino group of 4-hydroxyaniline.	2.63	3	0	quinone imine	dye
phloroglucinol dimethyl ether phloroglucinol dimethyl ether: structure	2.05	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols
caprolactone hexano-6-lactone : A epsilon-lactone that is oxepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.07	1	0	epsilon-lactone
4-hydroxybutyric acid 4-hydroxybutyric acid: was an entry term to Sodium Oxybate (74-98). 4-hydroxybutyric acid : A 4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.54	2	0	4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	general anaesthetic; GHB receptor agonist; neurotoxin; sedative
phytomonic acid phytomonic acid: produced in Lactobacillus plantarum; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 11,12-methyleneoctadecanoic acid : A C18, saturated fatty acid composed of octadecanoic acid having an 11,12-methylene substituent forming a cyclopropane.	1.93	1	0	carbocyclic fatty acid; long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid
dimethylacetylene dimethylacetylene: structure in source	1.96	1	0
azetidine [no description available]	1.99	1	0	azacycloalkane; azetidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
oxetane oxetane: structure. oxetane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a four-membered ring comprising of three carbon atoms and an oxygen atom.	2.72	3	0	oxetanes; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
orcinol orcinol: used as reagent for pentoses, lignin, beet sugar, saccharoses, arabinose & diastase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. orcinol : A 5-alkylresorcinol in which the alkyl group is specified as methyl.	2.15	1	0	5-alkylresorcinol; dihydroxytoluene	Aspergillus metabolite
alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.	2.85	3	0
1,3-propanediol propane-1,3-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,3-diols, consisting of propane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by a hydroxy group. A colourless, viscous, water-miscible liquid with a high (210degreeC) boiling point, it is used in the synthesis of certain polymers and as a solvent and antifreeze.	3.02	4	0	propane-1,3-diols	metabolite; protic solvent
thiazolidines Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.	1.97	1	0	thiazolidine
mustard gas Mustard Gas: Severe irritant and vesicant of skin, eyes, and lungs. It may cause blindness and lethal lung edema and was formerly used as a war gas. The substance has been proposed as a cytostatic and for treatment of psoriasis. It has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985) (Merck, 11th ed).. bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide : An ethyl sulfide that is diethyl sulfide in which a hydrogen from each of the terminal methyl groups is replaced by a chlorine. It is a powerful vesicant regulated under the Chemical Weapons Convention.	3.48	2	0	ethyl sulfide; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; vesicant
octacosanoic acid octacosanoic acid: RN given refers to parent. octacosanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is octacosane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to the corresponding carboxy group.	2.03	1	0	straight-chain saturated fatty acid; ultra-long-chain fatty acid	plant metabolite
cyanogen bromide Cyanogen Bromide: Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.	3.04	5	0
oleanolic acid [no description available]	4.64	26	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
methadyl acetate Methadyl Acetate: A narcotic analgesic with a long onset and duration of action.	1.98	1	0	diarylmethane
trimethyl phosphate trimethyl phosphate: request from searcher; structure. trimethyl phosphate : A trialkyl phosphate that is the trimethyl ester of phosphoric acid.	2.43	2	0	trialkyl phosphate	insect attractant; NMR chemical shift reference compound
ascaridole ascaridole: monoterpene endoperoxide with anthelmintic properties; structure given in first source. ascaridole : A p-menthane monoterpenoid that is p-menth-2-ene with a peroxy group across position 1 to 4.	2.15	1	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organic peroxide; p-menthane monoterpenoid	antileishmanial agent; antinematodal drug; plant metabolite
cadmium carbonate cadmium carbonate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Cd-CO3	1.98	1	0
dithiazanine Dithiazanine: 3-Ethyl-2-(5-(3-ethyl-2-benzothiazolinylidene)-1,3- pentadienyl)benzothiazolium. A benzothiazole that was formerly used as an antinematodal agent and is currently used as a fluorescent dye.. dithiazanine : A cationic C3-cyanine dye with 3-ethylbenzothiazol-2-yl groups at both ends.	2.01	1	0	benzothiazoles; benzothiazolium ion	anthelminthic drug; fluorochrome
hematoxylin Hematoxylin: A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink.	3.61	9	0	organic heterotetracyclic compound; oxacycle; polyphenol; tertiary alcohol	histological dye; plant metabolite
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.	3.1	5	0	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	4.81	11	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside	mutagen
psilocybin Psilocybin: The major of two hallucinogenic components of Teonanacatl, the sacred mushroom of Mexico, the other component being psilocin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). psilocybin : A tryptamine alkaloid that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine carrying an additional phosphoryloxy substituent at position 4. The major hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from Psilocybe mushrooms (also known as Teonanacatl or "magic mushrooms").	7.96	4	0	organic phosphate; tertiary amino compound; tryptamine alkaloid	fungal metabolite; hallucinogen; prodrug; serotonergic agonist
medroxyprogesterone [no description available]	2.13	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
androstenediol Androstenediol: An intermediate in TESTOSTERONE biosynthesis, found in the TESTIS or the ADRENAL GLANDS. Androstenediol, derived from DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE by the reduction of the 17-keto group (17-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES), is converted to TESTOSTERONE by the oxidation of the 3-beta hydroxyl group to a 3-keto group (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES).. androst-5-ene-3beta,17beta-diol : A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-ene carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 17beta.	3.5	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent
dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.	4.48	7	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid: a nonpermeable electron acceptor. 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is 1,2-naphthoquinone substituted at position 4 with a sulfonic acid group. Used principally as a reagent in colorimetric determinations.	2.04	1	0	arenesulfonic acid; naphthalenone	colorimetric reagent
luminol Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.	8.58	8	0
n-hydroxyphthalimide N-hydroxyphthalimide: causes contact dermititis	2.04	1	0
1,2-naphthoquinone naphthalene-1,2-dione: structure given in first source. 1,2-naphthoquinone : The parent structure of the family of 1,2-naphthoquinones, in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 2 of the naphthalene ring. It is a metabolite of naphthalene and is found in diesel exhaust particles.	1.98	1	0	1,2-naphthoquinones	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent
flavone flavone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure given in first source. flavone : The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2.	3.42	7	0	flavones	metabolite; nematicide
gluconic acid gluconic acid: zinc gluconate has anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; all RRs refers to (D)-isomer unless otherwise noted. ketogluconic acid : A gluconic acid that contains a ketonic carbonyl group.. D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid having D-configuration.	2.57	2	0	gluconic acid	chelator; Penicillium metabolite
copper gluconate Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.	3.5	8	0	organic molecular entity
2,4,6-trimethylphenol [no description available]	2.02	1	0	hydroxytoluene
azomycin azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure	2.76	3	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles	antitubercular agent
cellobiose beta-cellobiose : A cellobiose with beta configuration at the reducing-end glucose residue.	4.38	19	0	cellobiose	epitope
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenol 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenol: structure in first source	3.1	1	0
syringic acid syringic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in third source. syringic acid : A dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid.	8.46	7	0	benzoic acids; dimethoxybenzene; phenols	plant metabolite
herniarin herniarin: methoxy analog of umbelliferone; structure. herniarin : A member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by a methoxy group at position 7.	2.08	1	0	coumarins	fluorochrome
coumarin-3-carboxylic acid coumarin-3-carboxylic acid: structure given in first source	7.41	1	0	coumarins
chlormethiazole Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.	1.94	1	0	thiazoles
hydroxyhydroquinone benzene-1,2,4-triol : A benzenetriol carrying hydroxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 4.	2.48	2	0	benzenetriol	mouse metabolite
tropolone Tropolone: A seven-membered aromatic ring compound. It is structurally related to a number of naturally occurring antifungal compounds (ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS).. tropolone : A cyclic ketone that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is a toxin produced by the agricultural pathogen Burkholderia plantarii.	5.09	14	0	alpha-hydroxy ketone; cyclic ketone; enol	bacterial metabolite; fungicide; toxin
1,1-dimethoxyethane 1,1-dimethoxyethane : An acetal that is dimethoxymethane substituted by a methyl group at position 1.	1.97	1	0	acetal; diether	flavouring agent; plant metabolite
phenylacetylene phenylacetylene: can polymerize into DENDRIMERS	7.73	3	0	benzenes
methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.	8.43	7	0	amphetamines; secondary amine	central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic
dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide : A carbodiimide compound having a cyclohexyl substituent on both nitrogen atoms.	3.22	6	0	carbodiimide	ATP synthase inhibitor; cross-linking reagent; peptide coupling reagent
4-chloroacetanilide 4-chloroacetanilide : Acetamide substituted on nitrogen by a para-chlorophenyl group.	2	1	0	acetamides; monochlorobenzenes
Ethyl pentanoate ethyl valerate: a green apple flavoring agent	3.07	1	0	fatty acid ester
4-iodophenol [no description available]	3.83	3	0	iodophenol
1-chloropropane 1-chloropropane: structure in first source	2.44	2	0
1,2-dichloroethylene 1,2-dichloroethylene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.52	2	0	chloroethenes
aminoacetonitrile Aminoacetonitrile: Cyanomethylamine.	2.35	2	0
1,2-ethanedithiol 1,2-ethanedithiol: RN given refers to 1,2-isomer; RN in Chemline for cpd without locants for thiol groups: 26914-70-9	2.1	1	0
2,2,4-trimethylpentane 2,2,4-trimethylpentane: nephrotoxic. isooctane : An alkane that consists of pentane bearing two methyl substituents at position 2 and a single methyl substituent at position 4.	3.27	6	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	fuel additive; nephrotoxin; non-polar solvent
uranyl acetate uranyl acetate: used after fixation in uranaffin procedure; RN given refers to parent cpd	3.07	5	0
1,3-dichlorobenzene 1,3-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1 and 3.	3.07	1	0	dichlorobenzene
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	8.45	67	2	dialdehyde	biomarker
bis(chloromethyl) ether Bis(Chloromethyl) Ether: A substance that is an irritant to the eyes and respiratory tract and may be carcinogenic.. bis(chloromethyl) ether : An ether that is dimethyl ether in which one of the hydrogens attached to each of the methyl group has replaced by a chlorine.	2.36	2	0	ether; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent
myristic acid Myristic Acid: A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed). tetradecanoic acid : A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat.. tetradecanoate : A long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of myristic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	4	4	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite
n-hexadecane n-hexadecane: structure. hexadecane : A straight-chain alkane with 16 carbon atoms. It is a component of essential oil isolated from long pepper.	2.95	4	0	long-chain alkane	non-polar solvent; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
dimethylzinc [no description available]	2.44	2	0
methyl lactate methyl lactate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. methyl 2-hydroxypropionate : A lactate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-hydroxypropanoic acid with methanol.	2.43	2	0	lactate ester; methyl ester	metabolite
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.51	2	0	arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound	epitope; explosive; reagent
eosine yellowish-(ys) Eosine Yellowish-(YS): A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.. eosin YS dye : An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.	2.67	3	0	organic sodium salt; organobromine compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
violacein [no description available]	7.63	2	0
lucanthone hydrochloride Schistosomicides: Agents that act systemically to kill adult schistosomes.	4.6	27	0
gentian violet Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.	5.46	20	0	organic chloride salt	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antiseptic drug; histological dye
resazurin resazurin: used as indicator in detection of hyposulfite (sulfoxylate); in food research (reductase test); structure	3.08	4	0	phenoxazine
1-naphthylisothiocyanate 1-Naphthylisothiocyanate: A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage.	2.38	2	0	isothiocyanate	insecticide
aminopenicillanic acid aminopenicillanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 6-aminopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid compound having a (6R)-amino substituent. The active nucleus common to all penicillins, it may be substituted at the 6-amino position to form the semisynthetic penicillins, resulting in a variety of antibacterial and pharmacologic characteristics.	2.7	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; penicillanic acids	allergen
hematoporphyrin Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.	2.67	3	0
neutral red Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.	2.88	4	0	hydrochloride	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
4,4'-bipyridyl 4,4'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-4 and C-4'.	2.25	1	0	bipyridine
linamarin [no description available]	1.98	1	0	beta-D-glucoside
3-nitrophenol [no description available]	2.7	3	0	3-nitrophenols
trimesic acid trimesic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that consists of benzene substituted by carboxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 5.	2.46	2	0	benzoic acids; tricarboxylic acid
glycylglycine [no description available]	2.39	2	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	human metabolite
octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane: structure. octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane : A cyclosiloxane that is the octamethyl derivative of cyclotetrasiloxane.	2.1	1	0	cyclosiloxane; organosilicon compound
diethylzinc [no description available]	2.47	2	0
carbon tetrabromide tetrabromomethane : A one-carbon compound substituted by 4 bromo groups.	2	1	0	bromomethanes
18-hydroxycorticosterone [no description available]	1.95	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo steroid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-ol 4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-ol: structure in first source. 4-terpineol : A terpineol that is 1-menthene carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4.	3.1	1	0	terpineol; tertiary alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiparasitic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
glycerylphosphorylcholine Glycerylphosphorylcholine: A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (From Stedman, 26th ed)	3.21	6	0	glycerophosphocholine
benzene 1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid benzene 1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid: structure given in first source; inhibits phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase	2.04	1	0
malachite green malachite green: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. malachite green : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of malachite green cation. Used as a green-coloured dye, as a counter-stain in histology, and for its anti-fungal properties in aquaculture.	2.06	1	0	organic chloride salt	antibacterial agent; antifungal drug; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; fluorochrome; histological dye; teratogenic agent
congo red Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.. Congo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0.	3.49	7	0	bis(azo) compound
lactulose [no description available]	2.02	1	0	glycosylfructose	gastrointestinal drug; laxative
2,3-dichlorophenol dichlorophenol : Any chlorophenol carrying chloro substituents.	2	1	0
2,6-xylenol [no description available]	2.02	1	0	hydroxytoluene
docusate Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid: All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt.	2.46	2	0	diester; organosulfonic acid
3-hydroxyflavone 3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.	11.29	45	0	flavonols; monohydroxyflavone
8-aminoquinoline [no description available]	2.06	1	0
2-methoxybenzoic acid O-methylsalicylic acid : A methoxybenzoic acid that is the methyl ether of salicylic acid.	2.02	1	0	methoxybenzoic acid	flavouring agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
6-hydroxyquinoline quinolin-6-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 6.	3.51	2	0	monohydroxyquinoline
3-hydroxybiphenyl 3-hydroxybiphenyl: structure given in first source. biphenyl-3-ol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is phenol in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group.	3.1	1	0	hydroxybiphenyls
potassium carbonate potassium carbonate : A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of carbonic acid.	8.64	9	0	carbonate salt; potassium salt	catalyst; fertilizer; flame retardant
succinimide succinimide: RN given refers to parent cpd. succinimide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine which is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 5.	7.36	2	0	dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone
toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate: Skin irritant and allergen used in the manufacture of polyurethane foams and other elastomers.. toluene 2,4-diisocyanate : A toluene meta-diisocyanate in which the isocyanato groups are at positions 2 and 4 relative to the methyl group on the benzene ring.	4.03	4	0	toluene meta-diisocyanate	allergen; hapten
nitrosobenzene [no description available]	2.42	2	0	benzenes; nitroso compound	xenobiotic metabolite
diphenylamine Diphenylamine: In humans it may be irritating to mucous membranes. Methemoglobinemia has been produced experimentally. In veterinary use, it is one of active ingredients in topical agents for prevention and treatment of screwworm infestation. An indicator in tests for nitrate poisoning.. diphenylamine : An aromatic amine containing two phenyl substituents. It has been used as a fungicide for the treatment of superficial scald in apples and pears, but is no longer approved for this purpose within the European Union.	4.21	5	0	aromatic amine; bridged diphenyl fungicide; secondary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; antioxidant; carotogenesis inhibitor; EC 1.3.99.29 [phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming)] inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
isovalerylaldehyde isovalerylaldehyde: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5093. 3-methylbutanal : A methylbutanal that is butanal substituted by a methyl group at position 3. It occurs as a volatile constituent in olives.	2	1	0	methylbutanal	flavouring agent; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; volatile oil component
3-bromophenol [no description available]	2.05	1	0
3,5-dichlorophenol 3,5-dichlorophenol : A dichlorophenol in which the two chloro substituents are located at positions 3 and 5.	2.44	2	0	dichlorophenol
iodobenzene iodobenzene: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	3.11	5	0
levulinic acid levulinic acid: inhibits 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5316. 4-oxopentanoic acid : An oxopentanoic acid with the oxo group in the 4-position.	2.04	1	0	oxopentanoic acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	plant metabolite
methyl n-butyl ketone Methyl n-Butyl Ketone: An industrial solvent which causes nervous system degeneration. MBK is an acronym often used to refer to it.. hexanone : A ketone that is a hexane carrying an oxo substituent at unspecified position.	2.97	4	0	ketone
allyl acetate allyl acetate: potential fumigant for treating stored grains	2.05	1	0
1-hexene 1-hexene: structure in first source. 1-hexene : An alkene that is hexane carrying a double bond at position 1.	2.1	1	0	alkene
octadecane octadecane: RN given refers to parent cpd. octadecane : A straight-chain alkane carrying 18 carbon atoms.	7.03	1	0	long-chain alkane	bacterial metabolite; plant metabolite
fluoromethane fluoromethane: RN given refers to parent cpd. fluorocarbon : Compounds consisting wholly of fluorine and carbon.. fluoromethane : A member of the class of fluoromethanes that is methane in which a single hydrogen is substituted by a fluorine atom.	2.91	4	0	fluorohydrocarbon; fluoromethanes; methyl halides	refrigerant
dimethylselenide dimethylselenide: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. dimethylselenide : An organoselenium compound of two methyl groups covalently bound to a selenium.	2.96	4	0	organoselenium compound	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
megestrol acetate [no description available]	2.11	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; steroid ester	antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
methyl carbamate methyl carbamate : A carbamate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of carbamic acid with methanol.	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester
n,n-dimethylethylamine [no description available]	2.07	1	0
2,3-pentanedione pentane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is pentane substituted at the 2- and 3-positions by oxo groups.	2.06	1	0	alpha-diketone; methyl ketone	flavouring agent
diisopropylnitrosamine [no description available]	1.96	1	0
(s)-binol (1,1'-binaphthalene)-2,2'-diol: structure in first source	2.52	2	0	naphthols
triphenylphosphine triphenylphosphine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triphenylphosphine : A member of the class of tertiary phosphines that is phosphane in which the three hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.	8.14	5	0	benzenes; tertiary phosphine	NMR chemical shift reference compound; reducing agent
alpha-naphthoflavone alpha-naphthoflavone: inhibits P4501A1 and P4501A2; stimulates some activities of P4503A4. alpha-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the h side of flavone. A synthetic compound, it is an inhibitor of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14).	3.52	2	0	extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
dansyl chloride dansyl chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	2.06	1	0	aminonaphthalene; sulfonic acid derivative
pamabrom [no description available]	2.11	1	0
pentachlorobenzene pentachlorobenzene: structure. pentachlorobenzene : A member of the class of pentachlorobenzenes that is benzene in which five of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. Now classed as a persistent organic pollutant under the Stockholm Convention.	3.5	2	0	pentachlorobenzenes	persistent organic pollutant
2-cyanophenol 2-cyanophenol: structure in first source	2.02	1	0	benzenes; nitrile
5-aminoquinoline [no description available]	2.31	1	0
methyl carbonate methyl carbonate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure. dimethyl carbonate : A carbonate ester that is carbonic acid in which both hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups. A flammable, colourless liquid (m.p. 2-4degreeC, b.p. 90degreeC) with a characterstic ester-like odour, it is used as a 'green' methylating agent and as a solvent.	5.32	16	0	carbonate ester	reagent; solvent
2-pyrrolidone 2-pyrrolidone: RN given refers to parent cpd. pyrrolidin-2-one : The simplest member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones, consisting of pyrrolidine in which the hydrogens at position 2 are replaced by an oxo group. The lactam arising by the formal intramolecular condensation of the amino and carboxy groups of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).	2.03	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	metabolite; polar solvent
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	5.07	13	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
chorismic acid Chorismic Acid: A cyclohexadiene carboxylic acid derived from SHIKIMIC ACID and a precursor for the biosynthesis of UBIQUINONE and the AROMATIC AMINO ACIDS.. chorismic acid : The (3R,4R)-stereoisomer of 5-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]-6-hydroxycyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid.	2.48	2	0	5-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]-6-hydroxycyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-phenyl-2-propanol 2-phenylpropan-2-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is isopropanol in which the hydrogen attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group has been replaced by a phenyl group.	2.05	1	0	benzyl alcohols; tertiary alcohol	human xenobiotic metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
3-isopropylphenol 3-isopropylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0
2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol [no description available]	7.43	2	0
4-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid [no description available]	1.99	1	0
3-ethylphenol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	phenols
isovanillin isovanillin: inhibits aldehyde oxidase. isovanillin : A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is 4-methoxybenzaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It is an inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase.	1.97	1	0	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	animal metabolite; antidiarrhoeal drug; antifungal agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; HIV protease inhibitor; plant metabolite
4-Ethoxyphenol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; phenols
glycine ethyl ester glycine ethyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.02	1	0
methyl butyrate [no description available]	2	1	0	fatty acid ester
2,5-dimethylfuran 2,5-dimethylfuran: metabolite of n-hexane. 2,5-dimethylfuran : A member of the class of furans that is furan in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl groups.	2.42	2	0	furans	antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite; fuel; fumigant; human urinary metabolite; Maillard reaction product; plant metabolite
n-methylpiperidine N-methylpiperidine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.06	1	0
2-hexanol hexan-2-ol : A hexanol in which the hydroxy group is at position 2.	3.5	2	0	hexanol; secondary alcohol	human metabolite; plant metabolite; semiochemical
dimethyladipate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	fatty acid methyl ester
1,4-cyclohexadiene [no description available]	2.01	1	0	cyclohexadiene
amyl acetate amyl acetate: sources do not specify n-isomer. pentyl acetate : An acetate ester of pentanol.	3.07	1	0	acetate ester	metabolite
hexamethylene glycol hexane-1,6-diol : A diol that is hexane substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 6.	2.42	2	0	diol; primary alcohol
n-tetradecane tetradecane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 14 carbon atoms.	2	1	0	long-chain alkane	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
octacosane octacosane : A straight-chain alkane containing 28 carbon atoms.	2.02	1	0	long-chain alkane	plant metabolite
nonacosane nonacosane: constituent of Apocynum venetum leaf. nonacosane : A straight-chain alkane comprising of 29 carbon atoms.	2.07	1	0	long-chain alkane	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
tritriacontane tritriacontane : A long-chain alkane consisting of an unbranched chain of 33 carbon atoms.	2.03	1	0	long-chain alkane
c.i. 42510 Rosaniline Dyes: Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.. basic fuchsin : A four-component mixture of chemically related dyes comprising pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin in varying amounts. rosanilin : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin.	3.92	13	0
brilliant green brilliant green: RN given refers to sulfate; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1378. brilliant green : An organic hydrogensulfate salt having 4-{[4-(diethylamino)phenyl](phenyl)methylidene}-N,N-diethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-iminium as the counterion.	1.97	1	0	organic hydrogensulfate salt	antibacterial agent; antiseptic drug; environmental contaminant; fluorochrome; histological dye; poison
clopenthixol Clopenthixol: A thioxanthene with therapeutic actions similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics. It is an antagonist at D1 and D2 dopamine receptors.. clopenthixol : A thioxanthene derivative having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and an alkylidene group at the 10-position with undefined double bond stereochemistry.	1.97	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; primary alcohol; thioxanthenes	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene : A tetrachlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1, 2 , 3 and 4.. tetrachlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying four chloro groups at unspecified positions.	3.07	1	0	tetrachlorobenzene
1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene : A tetrachlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1, 2, 3 and 5.	3.07	1	0	tetrachlorobenzene
clopamide Clopamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide piperidine. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.	2.06	1	0	sulfonamide
glycochenodeoxycholic acid Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. glycochenodeoxycholate : A N-acylglycinate that is the conjugate base of glycochenodeoxycholic acid.. glycochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oyl as the bile acid component.	2.41	1	0	bile acid glycine conjugate	human metabolite
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	8.69	10	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
4-propylphenol 4-propylphenol: structure given in first source	3.52	2	0	alkylbenzene
formal glycol [no description available]	2.36	2	0	cyclic acetal; dioxolane
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone.	2.41	2	0	17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
homoserine homoserine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine substituted at the alpha-position by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.. L-homoserine : The L-enantiomer of homoserine.	7.99	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; homoserine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nitrosoguanidines Nitrosoguanidines: Nitrosylated derivatives of guanidine. They are used as MUTAGENS in MOLECULAR BIOLOGY research.	3.21	6	0
2-piperidone 2-piperidone: structure given in first source. piperidin-2-one : A delta-lactam that is piperidine which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.88	4	0	delta-lactam; piperidones	EC 1.2.1.88 (L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor
hempa Hempa: A chemosterilant agent that is anticipated to be a carcinogen.	2.1	1	0	phosphoramide	insect sterilant; mutagen
tetramethoxysilane [no description available]	2.02	1	0
diethyl methanephosphonate [no description available]	2.08	1	0
methylnitrosourea Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.	1.96	1	0	N-nitrosoureas	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; teratogenic agent
2-fluoroadenine 2-fluoroadenine : An organofluorine compound that is adenine in which the hydrogen at position 2 (the carbon between the two nitrogens of the pyrimidine ring) is replaced by a fluorine.	2.11	1	0	organofluorine compound; purines	antineoplastic agent
2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol [no description available]	2.01	1	0
eptc EPTC: minor descriptor (72-82); online & Index Medicus search HERBICIDES, CARBAMATE (72-82)	2.01	1	0	tertiary amine
acetylenedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester acetylenedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester: inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation	2.04	1	0
4-cyanophenol 4-cyanophenol: reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor	7.44	2	0	phenols	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
9,10-dimethylanthracene 9,10-dimethylanthracene: RN given refers to parent ion	2	1	0
triphenylphosphine oxide triphenylphosphine oxide: used in the extraction, separation & spectrophotometric determination of cadmium & mercury in environmental samples. triphenylphosphane oxide : A phosphine oxide in which the substituents on phosphorus are three phenyl groups.	2.06	1	0	phosphine oxide	NMR chemical shift reference compound
levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.	2.76	3	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
4-nitrophenyl acetate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	C-nitro compound; phenyl acetates
ethyl gallate ethyl gallate: used with osmium in procedure for mapping neuronal pathways. ethyl gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with ethanol.	2.25	1	0	gallate ester	plant metabolite
ametryne ametryne: minor descriptor (72-83); on-line & Index Medicus search HERBICIDES, TRIAZINE (75-83) & HERBICIDES (72-74) & TRIAZINES (72-74); RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. ametryn : A methylthio-1,3,5-triazine that is 2-(methylsulfanyl)-1,3,5-triazine substituted by an ethylamino and an isopropylamino group at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	2.03	1	0	diamino-1,3,5-triazine; methylthio-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide
1-phenylazo-2-naphthol 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.02	1	0
hydroxyethyl methacrylate hydroxyethyl methacrylate: many of cited refs are for gel which refers to polymeric form of above cpd: POLYHYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate : An enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol.	5.21	11	1	enoate ester	allergen; polymerisation monomer
n-methylpyrrolidone 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one: structure in first source. N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one : A member of the class of pyrrolidine-2-ones that is pyrrolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group.	2.98	4	0	lactam; N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidin-2-ones	polar aprotic solvent
2-phenylbenzothiazole 2-phenylbenzothiazole: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
amaranth dye Amaranth Dye: A sulfonic acid-based naphthylazo dye used as a coloring agent for foodstuffs and medicines and as a dye and chemical indicator. It was banned by the FDA in 1976 for use in foods, drugs, and cosmetics. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.05	1	0
demeton-s-methyl [no description available]	1.99	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
hexafluoroisopropanol 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol : An organofluorine compound formed by substitution of all the methyl protons in propan-2-ol by fluorine. It is a metabolite of inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane.	10.02	12	0	organofluorine compound; secondary alcohol	drug metabolite
dodecylamine dodecylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.07	1	0	primary aliphatic amine
cyclopentenone 2-cyclopenten-1-one : An enone that is cyclopentanone having a C=C double bond at position 2.	2.48	2	0	alicyclic ketone; enone	Hsp70 inducer
2-aminobenzimidazole 2-aminobenzimidazole: metabolite of benomyl; RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-aminobenzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is benzimidazole in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by an amino group.	2.05	1	0	benzimidazoles	marine xenobiotic metabolite
4-phenylpyridine [no description available]	2.02	1	0	phenylpyridine
diphenyl sulfoxide diphenyl sulfoxide: electron acceptor for liver aldehyde oxidase	2.02	1	0	sulfoxide
deoxycytidine [no description available]	2.42	2	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyuridine [no description available]	2.39	2	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2,6-dichloroindophenol 2,6-Dichloroindophenol: A dye used as a reagent in the determination of vitamin C.. 2,6-dichloroindophenol : A quinone imine that is indophenol substituted by chloro groups at positions 2 and 6.. N-3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl-1,4-benzoquinone imine : 1,4-benzoquinone imine having a 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl substituent attached to the nitrogen atom.	2.68	3	0	dichlorobenzene; quinone imine
rhodamine 6g rhodamine 6G: RN given refers to HCl	3.57	8	0
methylphosphonic acid methylphosphonic acid : A one-carbon compound that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorus is substituted by a methyl group.	2.41	2	0	one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids
oxalic acid hydrazide [no description available]	2.05	1	0
hexamethylsilazane hexamethylsilazane: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.06	1	0	N-silyl compound	chromatographic reagent
pentadecanoic acid pentadecanoic acid: in serum as a marker for intake of milk fat. pentadecanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing fifteen-carbon atoms.	2.03	1	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; food component; human blood serum metabolite; plant metabolite
2-methylamino-5-chlorobenzophenone 2-methylamino-5-chlorobenzophenone: metabolite of diazepam	1.98	1	0
ammonium bicarbonate ammonium bicarbonate: see also record for ammonium carbonate (di-NH4 salt)	3.78	10	0	organooxygen compound
dimethylsilanediol [no description available]	2.1	1	0	organosilanediol
ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.	3.5	2	0	ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative	antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
phenylglyoxal [no description available]	1.99	1	0	phenylacetaldehydes
4-(4-nitrobenzyl)pyridine [no description available]	1.95	1	0
nicotinamide mononucleotide Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: 3-Carbamoyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl pyridinium hydroxide-5'phosphate, inner salt. A nucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-N-glycosidic linkage with the C-1 position of D-ribose. Synonyms: Nicotinamide Ribonucleotide; NMN.	1.99	1	0	nicotinamide mononucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-dimethylaminopyridine 4-dimethylaminopyridine: catalyst for acetylation of hydroxy cpds; structure	2.04	1	0	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
4-aminophenylarsenoxide 4-aminophenylarsenoxide: RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0
tetramethylpyrazine tetramethylpyrazine: found in Ligusticum chuanxiong. tetramethylpyrazine : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum wallichii).	2	1	0	alkaloid; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
decabromobiphenyl ether decabromobiphenyl ether: a flame retardant. decabromodiphenyl ether : A polybromodiphenyl ether that is diphenyl ether in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by bromines.	2.47	2	0	polybromodiphenyl ether	neurotoxin
methyltrimethoxysilane [no description available]	2.48	2	0
methyl phenyl sulfoxide (methylsulfinyl)benzene : A sulfoxide resulting from the formal oxidation of the sulfur atom of thioanisole.	2.39	2	0	benzenes; sulfoxide
fenchone, (+-)-isomer fenchone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. fenchone : A carbobicyclic compound that is fenchane in which the hydrogens at position 2 are replaced by an oxo group. It is a component of essential oil from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare).	2.46	2	0	carbobicyclic compound; cyclic terpene ketone; fenchane monoterpenoid	plant metabolite
3,4,5,6-tetrachlorocatechol 3,4,5,6-tetrachlorocatechol: structure in first source. tetrachlorocatechol : A chlorocatechol that is catechol in which all of the hydrogens attached to the benzene ring are replaced by chlorines.	2.04	1	0	chlorocatechol; tetrachlorobenzene
2-amino-7-nitrofluorene 2-amino-7-nitrofluorene: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
carmine Carmine: Coloring matter from the insect Coccus cacti L. It is used in foods, pharmaceuticals, toiletries, etc., as a dye, and also has use as a microscopic stain and biological marker.	2.01	1	0
sodium aluminate [no description available]	2.07	1	0
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).	3.58	8	0
cadmium oxide cadmium oxide: causes severe lung damage; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.13	1	0
cadmium sulfide [no description available]	3.03	4	0	cadmium molecular entity
germanium oxide germanium oxide: has antimutagenic effects; RN given refers to cpd with MF GeO2	2.13	1	0
potassium hydroxide potassium hydroxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-OH	5.34	54	0	alkali metal hydroxide
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	8.99	107	1	alkali metal hydroxide
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.	5.13	42	0	zinc molecular entity
thorium dioxide Thorium Dioxide: Thorium oxide (ThO2). A radiographic contrast agent that was used in the early 1930s through about 1954. High rates of mortality have been linked to its use and it has been shown to cause liver cancer.	3.45	2	0	thorium molecular entity
vanadium pentoxide [no description available]	2.03	1	0	vanadium oxide
ferrous sulfide ferrous sulfide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-S; mackinawite & troilite both have MF Fe-S	1.98	1	0
arsenic trioxide Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.	2.42	2	0
chromium trioxide chromium trioxide: oxidizing agent. chromium trioxide : A chromium oxide composed of a single chromium bound (oxidation state +6) to three oxygens; the acidic anhydride of chromic acid.	1.96	1	0	chromium oxide
hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric Acid: Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.. hydrogen fluoride : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms.. organofluorine compound : An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.	5.2	9	0	hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	NMR chemical shift reference compound
ammonium hydroxide Ammonium Hydroxide: The hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution.. ammonium hydroxide : A solution of ammonia in water.	4.13	15	0	inorganic hydroxy compound	food acidity regulator
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	4.73	9	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.	2.43	2	0	enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin	EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	8.33	51	2	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
tocopherols [no description available]	5.15	10	1
isonicotinamide isonicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is the monocarboxylic acid amide derivative of isonicotinic acid.	2.98	1	0	pyridinecarboxamide
selenomethionine [no description available]	5.91	12	0	selenoamino acid; selenomethionines	plant metabolite
n-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine : An N-substituted ethylenediamine compound having 1-naphthyl as the substituent.	2.1	1	0	N-substituted diamine
paracymethadol paracymethadol: nor-LAAM refers to (S-(R,R))-(-)-isomer	1.98	1	0	diarylmethane
bisphenol a-glycidyl methacrylate Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate: The reaction product of bisphenol A and glycidyl methacrylate that undergoes polymerization when exposed to ultraviolet light or mixed with a catalyst. It is used as a bond implant material and as the resin component of dental sealants and composite restorative materials.	7.02	9	3	diarylmethane
phenylphosphonic acid phenylphosphonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; NM same as N1	2.05	1	0	benzenes
vincamine Vincamine: A major alkaloid of Vinca minor L., Apocynaceae. It has been used therapeutically as a vasodilator and antihypertensive agent, particularly in cerebrovascular disorders.	2	1	0	alkaloid ester; hemiaminal; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; vinca alkaloid	antihypertensive agent; metabolite; vasodilator agent
fenchol fenchol: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	3.1	1	0
methyl tert-butyl ether methyl tert-butyl ether: used to dissolve gallstones; gasoline additive. methyl tert-butyl ether : An ether having methyl and tert-butyl as the two alkyl components.	5.68	24	0	ether	fuel additive; metabolite; non-polar solvent
4-n-Butylphenol [no description available]	3.52	2	0	phenols
4-hydroxyazobenzene 4-hydroxyazobenzene: structure in first source	3.1	1	0
spectinomycin Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.	2.21	1	0	cyclic acetal; cyclic hemiketal; cyclic ketone; pyranobenzodioxin; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
2,5-dihydrofuran 2,5-dihydrofuran: structure in first source	1.96	1	0
decane decane : A straight-chain alkane with 10 carbon atoms.	2.73	3	0	alkane
azacyclonol azacyclonol: major descriptor (65-84); on-line search PIPERIDINES (65-84); Index Medicus search AZACYCLONOL (65-84); RN given refers to parent cpd	1.93	1	0	diarylmethane
isopropyl methylphosphonic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0
4-nitrothiophenolate 4-nitrothiophenolate: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.1	1	0
5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol : The 5alpha-stereoisomer of androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol.	3.1	1	0	androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol	Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite
ethyldimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide: Carbodiimide cross-linking reagent.	1.95	1	0
tetrachloroisophthalonitrile tetrachloroisophthalonitrile: structure. chlorothalonil : A dinitrile that is benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile substituted by four chloro groups. A non-systemic fungicide first introduced in the 1960s, it is used to control a range of diseases in a wide variety of crops.	2.39	2	0	aromatic fungicide; dinitrile; tetrachlorobenzene	antifungal agrochemical
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	11.04	15	0	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	2.52	2	0	tertiary amine
orange g orange G : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 7-hydroxy-8-[(E)-phenyldiazenyl]naphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid. It is often combined with other yellow dyes in alcoholic solution to stain erythrocytes in trichrome methods, and is used for demonstrating cells in the pancreas and pituitary.	2.21	1	0
tetrabutylammonium tetrabutylammonium: lipophilic probe; RN given refers to parent cpd	3.4	7	0	quaternary ammonium ion
2-tert-butylhydroquinone 2-tert-butylhydroquinone: an anticarcinogenic and chemopreventive agent. 2-tert-butylhydroquinone : A member of the class of hydroquinones in which one of the ring hydrogens of hydroquinone is replaced by a tert-butyl group.	2.5	2	0	hydroquinones	food antioxidant
dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.	4.92	14	0	benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide	cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic
methionine sulfoximine methionine sulfoximine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine .	2.08	1	0	methionine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	3.09	5	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
decachlorobiphenyl decachlorobiphenyl: structure. decachlorobiphenyl : A polychlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	2	1	0	pentachlorobenzenes; polychlorobiphenyl
benperidol Benperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567)	1.94	1	0	aromatic ketone
decyltrimethylammonium decyltrimethylammonium ion : A quarternary ammonium cation having one decyl and three methyl substituents around the central nitrogen.	1.98	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
1,6-diaminohexane 1,6-diaminohexane: Russian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hexane-1,6-diamine : A C6 alkane-alpha,omega-diamine.	2.59	2	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	human xenobiotic metabolite
menthol (+-)-menthol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-menthol. Both (+-)- and (-)-menthol are used to relieve symptoms of conditions such as bronchitis and sinusitis. When applied to the skin, menthol dilates the blood vessels, giving a sensation of coldness followed by an analgesic effect that relieves itching. It is therefore used in creams and ointments for the relief of pruritis and urticaria.. (-)-menthol : A p-menthan-3-ol which has (1R,2S,5R)-stereochemistry. It is the most common naturally occurring enantiomer.	3.1	1	0	p-menthan-3-ol	antipruritic drug; antispasmodic drug; antitussive
octachloronaphthalene Perna: A genus of freshwater mussel in the family MYTILIDAE, class BIVALVIA. It is found in tropical and warm temperate coastal waters. Most species have green in their shells.	3.17	5	0
glaucine glaucine: RN given refers to (+-)-isomer	1.98	1	0	aporphine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyether; tertiary amino compound	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antitussive; muscle relaxant; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; rat metabolite
fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.	3.8	11	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
fast green fcf Fast Green FCF: structure. Fast green FCF : An organic sodium salt having 2-{(4-{ethyl[(3-sulfonatophenyl)methyl]amino}phenyl)[4-{ethyl[(3-sulfonatophenyl)methyl]iminio}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]methyl}-5-hydroxybenzene-1-sulfonate as the counterion. Used as a substitute for Light green SF yellowish in Masson's trichrome as it is less likely to fade, and is more brilliant in colour. Also used as a food colouring agent.	1.96	1	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; food colouring; histological dye
thioflavin t thioflavin T: RN given refers to chloride; structure. thioflavine T : An organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo.	2.02	1	0	organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; geroprotector; histological dye
captafol captafol: RN given refers to cpd with specified chlorine locants. captafol : A dicarboximide that captan in which the trichloromethyl group is replaced by a 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethyl group. A broad-spectrum fungicide used to control diseases in fruit and potatoes, it is no longer approved for use in the European Community.	2	1	0	isoindoles; organochlorine compound; organosulfur compound; phthalimide fungicide	antifungal agrochemical
fucose Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.	3.56	9	0	fucopyranose; L-fucose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
sulfadoxine Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial.	2.1	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antimalarial
benzyl methacrylate [no description available]	2.21	1	0
gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane: used to immobilize carbonic anhydrase into mesoporous supports; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate: structure in first source	2.01	1	0
sulfur hexafluoride Sulfur Hexafluoride: Sulfur hexafluoride. An inert gas used mainly as a test gas in respiratory physiology. Other uses include its injection in vitreoretinal surgery to restore the vitreous chamber and as a tracer in monitoring the dispersion and deposition of air pollutants.. sulfur hexafluoride : A sulfur coordination entity consisting of six fluorine atoms attached to a central sulfur atom. It is the most potent greenhouse gas currently known, with a global warming potential of 23,900 times that of CO2 over a 100 year period (SF6 has an estimated lifetime in the atmosphere of between 800 and 3,000 years).	2.45	2	0	sulfur coordination entity	greenhouse gas; NMR chemical shift reference compound; ultrasound contrast agent
hydroxyphenytoin hydroxyphenytoin: main metabolite of diphenylhydantoin; reduces Na(+) inhibition at high Na:K ratios; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. 4-hydroxyphenytoin : A imidazolidine-2,4-dione that consists of hydantoin bearing phenyl and 4-hydroxyphenyl substituents at position 5.	3.1	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; phenols	metabolite
toliprolol toliprolol: was MH 1975-92 (see under PROPANOLAMINES 1981-90, was DOBEROL see under PROPANOLAMINES 1975-80); KOE 592 was see TOLIPROLOL 1975-92; use PROPANOLAMINES to search TOLIPROLOL 1975-92; beta adrenergic blockader with some stimulant action; it has been proposed for angina pectoris	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether
stavudine Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	2.44	2	0	dihydrofuran; nucleoside analogue; organic molecular entity	antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
beta-butyrolactone beta-butyrolactone: structure	2.1	1	0	beta-lactone
trichloroepoxypropane Trichloroepoxypropane: A potent epoxide hydrase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitor. It enhances the tumor-initiating ability of certain carcinogens.	1.96	1	0
n-isopropyl-n-phenyl-4-phenylenediamine N-isopropyl-N-phenyl-4-phenylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in sixth source	2.04	1	0
dicloxacillin Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.	2.04	1	0	dichlorobenzene; penicillin	antibacterial drug
10-camphorsulfonic acid 10-camphorsulfonic acid: solucampher refers to piperazine salt; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer. camphorsulfonic acid : A sulfonic acid containing the camphorsulfonate anion.	2.01	1	0	organosulfonic acid
copper(ii) nitrate copper(II) nitrate : An inorganic nitrate salt having copper(2+) as the couterion.	2.75	3	0	inorganic nitrate salt
2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol: structure given in first source	3.27	6	0	primary alcohol
methoxine methoxine: oxa-analog of methionine; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.13	1	0
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.	3.62	9	0	fluorescein isothiocyanate
asulam asulam: wild oat herbicide used in prairie regions for control of wild oats in cereal grains such as wheat; RN given refers to parent cpd. asulam : A carbamate ester that is methyl carbamate substituted by a (4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl group at the nitrogen atom. A dihydropteroate synthase inhibitor, it is used (normally as the corresponding sodium salt, asulam-sodium) as a herbicide, mainly for killing bracken.	2.08	1	0	carbamate ester; primary amino compound; substituted aniline; sulfonamide	agrochemical; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
sabinene sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.	5.76	31	0	thujene	plant metabolite
mannose mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.	5.22	50	0	D-aldohexose; D-mannose; mannopyranose	metabolite
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	3.4	7	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
palmatine burasaine: structure in first source	2.01	1	0	berberine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	plant metabolite
cyclazocine Cyclazocine: An analgesic with mixed narcotic agonist-antagonist properties.	2	1	0
bumadizone bumadizone: an anlgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agent; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search MALONATES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd. bumadizone : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups from butylmalonic acid with the hydrazino group of 1,2-diphenylhydrazine. Used (as its calcium semihydrate) for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.	2.07	1	0	carbohydrazide; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
phenoxyacetic acid phenoxyacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the O-phenyl derivative of glycolic acid. A metabolite of 2-phenoxyethanol, it is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, fungicides and dyes.	2.01	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid	allergen; Aspergillus metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant growth retardant
ecdysone [no description available]	2.86	4	0	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; 6-oxo steroid; ecdysteroid	prohormone
5-methylchrysene 5-methylchrysene: methylchrysenes in tobacco smoke are suspected to contribute to tumorigenicity of this inhalant; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure	6.99	1	0	carbopolycyclic compound
tranylcypromine Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.	1.96	1	0	2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
denatonium benzoate [no description available]	4.08	3	1
diloxanide furoate diloxanide furoate: structure. diloxanide furoate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of furan-2-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of 2,2-dichloro-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylacetamide. It is a drug used for the treatment of asymptomatic amebiasis.	2.08	1	0	carboxylic ester; furans; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide	antiamoebic agent; prodrug
sulfamethomidine sulfamethomidine: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
streptomycin [no description available]	3.03	5	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.	6.54	61	0	carbon oxoanion
Brilliant Blue brilliant blue: coal tar derivative food dye; used as the di-NH4 or di-Na salts; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.13	1	0	organic molecular entity
l 451167 L 451167: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
3-o-methylgallic acid 3-O-methylgallic acid: structure in first source. 3-O-methylgallic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is gallic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group at position 3 is converted into the corresponding methyl ether.	2.65	3	0	benzoic acids; catechols
methyl vanillate methyl vanillate: isolated from Hovenia dulcis. methyl vanillate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of vanillic acid.	2.41	1	0	aromatic ether; benzoate ester; phenols	antioxidant; plant metabolite
azatadine azatadine: indulian (UD 21;71k) is dimaleate; do not confuse with AZACITIDINE. azatadine : A benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine having a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group at the 11-position.	2.02	1	0	benzocycloheptapyridine; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist
isopropyl glycidyl ether isopropyl glycidyl ether: RN & structure given in first source	2.08	1	0
4,6-diamino-2,2-dimethyl-1,2-dihydro-1-phenyl-s-triazine 4,6-diamino-2,2-dimethyl-1,2-dihydro-1-phenyl-s-triazine: structure in first source	1.96	1	0
bitoscanate bitoscanate: anthelmintic; minor descriptor (75-83); on-line & Index Medicus search THIOCYANATES (75-83); structure	2.25	1	0	benzenes
mitomycin a mitomycin A: RN given refers to (1aS-(1aalpha,8beta,8aalpha,8balpha))-isomer; structure given in first source. mitomycin A : A member of the family of mitomycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitumour properties as well as a high level of toxicity.	2	1	0	ether; mitomycin	alkylating agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; toxin
2-octanol 2-octanol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. octan-2-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 2.	2.05	1	0	octanol; secondary alcohol	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
chromotrope 2r chromotrope 2R: RN given refers to disodium salt. acid red 29 : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 4,5-dihydroxy-3-(phenyldiazenyl)naphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid. It is used as the plasma stain in trichrome techniques.	2.07	1	0	organic sodium salt	histological dye
mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate: RN given refers to parent cpd. mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : The mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	3.1	1	0	phthalic acid monoester
n-butylboronic acid [no description available]	1.99	1	0
butyrylthiocholine Butyrylthiocholine: A sulfur-containing analog of butyrylcholine which is hydrolyzed by butyrylcholinesterase to butyrate and thiocholine. It is used as a reagent in the determination of butyrylcholinesterase activity.. butyrylthiocholine : A quaternary ammonium ion obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of butyric acid with the thiol group of thiocholine. It is used as a reagent for determination of butyrylcholinesterase activity.	1.99	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
carbenicillin Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.	2.87	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
1-naphthalenemethanol 1-naphthalenemethanol: structure given in first source. (1-naphthyl)methanol : A naphthylmethanol that is methanol in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a naphthalen-1-yl group.	3.1	1	0	naphthylmethanol	mouse metabolite
ochratoxin b ochratoxin B: structure given in first source. ochratoxin B : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid. Ochratoxin B differs from the more naturally abundant ochratoxin A in the absence of the dihydroisocoumarin chlorine atom. It has cytotoxic effects on kidney and liver cells in vitro but only minor effects in vivo, due to its rapid metabolism and excretion. It inhibits cell proliferation of human liver HepG2 cells at doses as low as 1 mug/ ml but lacks the genotoxic activity of ochratoxin A, even at higher concentrations.	2.07	1	0	isochromanes; monocarboxylic acid; N-acyl-L-phenylalanine; phenylalanine derivative	Aspergillus metabolite; calcium channel blocker; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite
metanephrine Metanephrine: Product of epinephrine O-methylation. It is a commonly occurring, pharmacologically and physiologically inactive metabolite of epinephrine.	6.97	1	0	catecholamine
trimetazidine Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.	2.03	1	0	aromatic amine
dexpropranolol [no description available]	3.1	1	0	propranolol
buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.	2.02	1	0	diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide	EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer
norleucine Norleucine: An unnatural amino acid that is used experimentally to study protein structure and function. It is structurally similar to METHIONINE, however it does not contain SULFUR.. L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino group at C-2. It does not occur naturally.	1.95	1	0	2-aminohexanoic acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
carboxin Carboxin: A systemic agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. carboxin : An anilide obtained by formal condensation of the amino group of aniline with the carboxy group of 2-methyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiine-3-carboxylic acid. A fungicide for control of bunts and smuts that is normally used as a seed treatment.	2.11	1	0	anilide fungicide; anilide; enamide; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; oxacycle; secondary carboxamide	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
diaveridine diaveridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. diaveridine : An aminopyrimidine in which the pyrimidine ring carries amino substituents at C-2 and C-4 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at C-5. A folic acid antagonist, it is used as a synergist with sulfonamides against the parasitic Eimeria species.	1.96	1	0	aminopyrimidine	antiparasitic agent; drug allergen
octylmethoxycinnamate octylmethoxycinnamate: a sunscreen used for prevention of DNA photodamage	2.47	2	0	cinnamate ester
dihydrostreptomycin sulfate Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate: A semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in the treatment of TUBERCULOSIS.	1.92	1	0
vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.	2.75	3	0	beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
o,o-diethyl o-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphate [no description available]	2.4	2	0
iodinated glycerol iodinated glycerol: secretolytic agent; RN given refers to cpd without iodine locant	3.96	13	0	dioxolane
dimethindene Dimethindene: A histamine H1 antagonist. It is used in hypersensitivity reactions, in rhinitis, for pruritus, and in some common cold remedies.	2.42	2	0	indene
maleic hydrazide Maleic Hydrazide: 1,2-Dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione. A herbicide and plant growth regulator; also used to control suckering of tobacco. Its residue in food and tobacco is highly toxic, causing CNS disturbances and liver damage.	2.07	1	0	pyridazinone
terbutylazine terbutylazine : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N-tert-butyl-N'-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.	2.49	2	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
limonene Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively.	9.99	14	0	cycloalkene; p-menthadiene	human metabolite
olsalazine olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.	2.02	1	0	azobenzenes; dicarboxylic acid	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
4-deethylatrazine desethylatrazine: a chlorotriazine herbicide; structure in first source. deethylatrazine : A chloro-1,3,5-triazine that is 6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a propan-2-yl group.	2.03	1	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	marine xenobiotic metabolite
methyl-4-nitrobenzenesulfonate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.	3.28	6	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound	neurotransmitter agent
1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin 1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin: structure given in first source	4.07	2	0
ammonium nitrate ammonium nitrate: structure. ammonium nitrate : The ammonium salt of nitric acid.	2.37	2	0	ammonium salt; inorganic molecular entity; inorganic nitrate salt	explosive; fertilizer; oxidising agent
2-hydroxy-7-nitrofluorene 2-hydroxy-7-nitrofluorene: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
2-aminocyclohexanol 2-aminocyclohexanol: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
didodecyl phosphate didodecyl phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.01	1	0
dimethyldiselenide dimethyldiselenide: volatile selenium metabolite. dimethyl diselenide : An organoselenium compound that is diselane covalently bound to two methyl groups. It has been detected in onion-family vegetables and soft-necked garlics. It induces ER stress and toxic protein aggregation in the budding yeast, S. cerevisiae and used as a reagent to identify distonic radical cations.	2.79	3	0	organoselenium compound	bacterial metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mammalian metabolite; plant metabolite
dimethylpropiothetin dimethylpropiothetin: has antineoplastic activity; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt. S,S-dimethyl-beta-propiothetin : A sulfonium betaine obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of 3-dimethylsulfoniopropionic acid.	2.47	2	0	sulfonium betaine	marine metabolite; osmolyte
hepes [no description available]	2.7	3	0	HEPES; organosulfonic acid
dysprosium Dysprosium: An element of the rare earth family that has the atomic symbol Dy, atomic number 66, and atomic weight 162.50. Dysprosium is a silvery metal used primarily in the form of various salts.	2.07	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
iridium Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.	3.88	11	0	cobalt group element atom; platinum group metal atom
lanthanum [no description available]	9.55	24	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom; scandium group element atom
lutetium Lutetium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Lu, atomic number 71, and atomic weight 175.	2.05	1	0	d-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	6.5	59	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	11.25	46	0	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.	4.71	29	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
neodymium Neodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications.	2.9	4	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
neon Neon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ne, atomic number 10, and atomic weight 20.18. It is found in the earth's crust and atmosphere as an inert, odorless gas and is used in vacuum tubes and incandescent lamps.	1.98	1	0	monoatomic neon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
niobium Niobium: A metal element atomic number 41, atomic weight 92.906, symbol Nb.	2.78	3	0	vanadium group element atom
osmium Osmium: A very hard, gray, toxic, and nearly infusible metal element, atomic number 76, atomic weight 190.2, symbol Os.	8.65	10	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.	5.62	69	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	7.88	135	0	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
plutonium Plutonium: A naturally radioactive element of the actinide metals series. It has the atomic symbol Pu, and atomic number 94. Plutonium is used as a nuclear fuel, to produce radioisotopes for research, in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers, and as the agent of fission in nuclear weapons.	1.94	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
praseodymium Praseodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Pr, atomic number 59, and atomic weight 140.91.	8.08	5	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
rhenium Rhenium: A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re.	3.66	9	0	manganese group element atom
rhodium Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.	5.75	26	0	cobalt group element atom
ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.	6.44	52	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
samarium Samarium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number 62, and atomic weight 150.36. The oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	7.37	2	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
scandium Scandium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sc, atomic number 21, and atomic weight 45.	1.99	1	0	d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	5.47	60	0	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.	3.08	5	0	manganese group element atom
terbium Terbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tb, atomic number 65, and atomic weight 158.92.	2.45	2	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
thorium Thorium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol Th, atomic number 90, and atomic weight 232.04. It is used as fuel in nuclear reactors to produce fissionable uranium isotopes. Because of its radioopacity, various thorium compounds are used to facilitate visualization in roentgenography.	2.92	4	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	7.05	97	0	titanium group element atom
tungsten Tungsten: A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.	8.89	12	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
americium Americium: A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, and atomic number 95. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy.	2.66	3	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
argon Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used.	9.71	9	0	monoatomic argon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom	food packaging gas; neuroprotective agent
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	10.5	63	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
cerium Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.	4.73	28	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.	14.19	146	0	chromium group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
curium Curium: A radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Cm, and atomic number 96. Thirteen curium isotopes have been produced with mass numbers ranging from 238-250. Its valence can be +3 or +4. It is intensely radioactive and decays by alpha-emission.	2.6	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
erbium Erbium: Erbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Er, atomic number 68, and atomic weight 167.26.	1.94	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
europium Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.	8.52	8	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	3.59	9	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	6.93	85	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
hafnium Hafnium: A metal element of atomic number 72 and atomic weight 178.49, symbol Hf.	7.46	2	0	titanium group element atom
helium Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics.	3.27	6	0	monoatomic helium; noble gas atom; s-block element atom	food packaging gas
uranium Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.	4.03	14	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom; monoatomic uranium
vanadium Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.	8.16	5	0	elemental vanadium; vanadium group element atom	micronutrient
xenon Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.	2.39	2	0	monoatomic xenon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
ytterbium Ytterbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Yb, atomic number 70, and atomic weight 173. Ytterbium has been used in lasers and as a portable x-ray source.	2.46	2	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
yttrium Yttrium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Y, atomic number 39, and atomic weight 88.91. In conjunction with other rare earths, yttrium is used as a phosphor in television receivers and is a component of the yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers.	2.07	1	0	d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom
zirconium Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.	5.63	23	0	titanium group element atom
californium Californium: A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Cf, atomic number 98, and atomic weight 251. Its valence can be +2 or +3. Californium has medical use as a radiation source for radiotherapy.	2.37	2	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
lead sulfate lead sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Pb-SO4	2.02	1	0
aluminum chloride Aluminum Chloride: A compound with the chemical formula AlCl3; the anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis, and hydrated salts are used topically as antiperspirants, and for the management of HYPERHYDROSIS.	3.56	8	0	aluminium coordination entity	Lewis acid
cupric chloride cupric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. copper(II) chloride : An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.	3.16	5	0	copper molecular entity; inorganic chloride	EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor
magnesium sulfate Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.	3.24	6	0	magnesium salt; metal sulfate; organic magnesium salt	anaesthetic; analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; fertilizer; tocolytic agent
mercuric chloride Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.	3.53	2	0	mercury coordination entity	sensitiser
6-nitrochrysene 6-nitrochrysene: RN given refers to cpd with locant for nitro group in position 6	2.41	1	0	carbopolycyclic compound
acetylglucosamine Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.	2.89	4	0	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine	epitope
galactosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.	3.59	9	0	D-galactosamine; primary amino compound	toxin
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt [no description available]	3.61	9	0	sodium phosphate
perchloric acid [no description available]	2.15	1	0	chlorine oxoacid
sodium nitrate sodium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of sodium.	2.93	4	0	inorganic nitrate salt; inorganic sodium salt	fertilizer; NMR chemical shift reference compound
stannic chloride [no description available]	2.02	1	0
palladium chloride palladium chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. palladium(II) chloride : A palladium coordination entity consisting of palladium(II) bound to two chlorine atoms.	1.96	1	0	palladium coordination entity	catalyst
cesium chloride cesium chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. caesium chloride : The inorganic chloride salt of caesium; each caesium ion is coordinated by eight chlorine ions.	2.44	2	0	inorganic caesium salt; inorganic chloride	phase-transfer catalyst; vasoconstrictor agent
hypochlorous acid Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.	3.74	10	0	chlorine oxoacid; reactive oxygen species	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	3.02	4	0	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
ferric chloride ferric chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-Cl3; used to induce experimental arterial thrombosis to evaluate antithrombotic agents	3.31	6	0	iron coordination entity	astringent; Lewis acid
nickel chloride nickel chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Cl2. nickel dichloride : A compound of nickel and chloride in which the ratio of nickel (in the +2 oxidation state) to chloride is 1:2.	1.97	1	0	nickel coordination entity	calcium channel blocker; hapten
thionyl chloride thionyl chloride: methylating agent; structure given in first source. thionyl chloride : A sulfinyl halide in which both of the halide atoms are chorines.	2.34	2	0	chlorine molecular entity; sulfinyl halide
ferrous sulfate ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.	2.75	3	0	iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	reducing agent
sodium pyrophosphate sodium pyrophosphate: RN refers to diphosphoric acid, tetra-Na salt; structure. sodium diphosphate : An inorganic sodium salt comprised of a diphosphate(4-) anion and four sodium(1+) cations. More commonly known as tetrasodium pyrophosphate, it finds much use in the food industry as an emulsifier and in dental hygiene as a calcium-chelating salt.	2.46	2	0	inorganic sodium salt	chelator; food emulsifier; food thickening agent
phosphine phosphane : The simplest phosphine, consisting of a single phosphorus atom with three hydrogens attached.. phosphine : Phosphane (PH3) and compounds derived from it by substituting one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups: RPH2, R2PH, R3P (R =/= H) are called primary, secondary and tertiary phosphines, respectively. A specific phosphine is preferably named as a substituted phosphane.	2.98	4	0	mononuclear parent hydride; phosphanes; phosphine	carcinogenic agent; fumigant insecticide
bromine Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.	4.54	25	0	diatomic bromine
potassium persulfate [no description available]	2.11	1	0
barium sulfate Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.. barium sulfate : A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite.	7.02	1	0	barium salt; inorganic barium salt; metal sulfate	radioopaque medium
zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.	4.48	8	0	metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity	fertilizer
potassium nitrate potassium nitrate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-HNO3; when combined with charcoal and sulfur it can form EXPLOSIVE AGENTS. potassium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of potassium.	2.06	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
sodium sulfate [no description available]	8.24	6	0	inorganic sodium salt
sodium sulfite [no description available]	2.07	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; sulfite salt	food preservative; reducing agent
calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous: molecular formula CaHPO(4), DCPA=dicalcium phosphate anhydrous; don't confuse with dichloropropionanilide which also is called DCPA; MW=136.06; has greater surface area and lower pH than DCPD (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate); occurs in nature as monetite; an intermediate in preparing hydroxyapatite	2.43	2	0	calcium phosphate
calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, monobasic: MW 234.05	1.98	1	0	calcium phosphate	fertilizer
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	4.7	9	0	calcium phosphate
chromates Chromates: Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.. chromate(2-) : A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid.	5.16	15	0	chromium oxoanion; divalent inorganic anion	oxidising agent
copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.	3.66	9	0	metal sulfate	emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser
tungstate [no description available]	2.37	2	0	divalent inorganic anion; tungsten oxoanion
silver nitrate Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.	3.05	5	0	inorganic nitrate salt; silver salt	astringent
sodium thiosulfate sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.	6.92	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	antidote to cyanide poisoning; antifungal drug; nephroprotective agent
mercuric iodide, red mercuric iodide, red: single cyrstals of HgI2 are used as room temp semiconductor x-ray detectors for application to computed tomography. mercury diiodide : A mercury coordination entity composed of mercury and iodine with formula HgI2.	2.05	1	0	mercury coordination entity
thioridazine-5-sulfoxide thioridazine-5-sulfoxide: metabolite of thioridazine; cardiotoxic; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.04	1	0
calcium sulfate Calcium Sulfate: A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.	3.87	12	0	calcium salt; inorganic calcium salt
potassium dichromate Potassium Dichromate: Chromic acid (H2Cr2O7), dipotassium salt. A compound having bright orange-red crystals and used in dyeing, staining, tanning leather, as bleach, oxidizer, depolarizer for dry cells, etc. Medically it has been used externally as an astringent, antiseptic, and caustic. When taken internally, it is a corrosive poison.. potassium dichromate : A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of dichromic acid.	2.9	4	0	potassium salt	allergen; oxidising agent; sensitiser
calcium hypochlorite calcium hypochlorite: structure	7.01	1	0	calcium salt; inorganic calcium salt	bleaching agent
potassium sulfate potassium sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K2-H2SO4	2.39	2	0	inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.	12.27	132	0	dihydrogen
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	6.09	30	1	diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity	NMR chemical shift reference compound
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	10.7	81	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
nitrous acid Nitrous Acid: Nitrous acid (HNO2). A weak acid that exists only in solution. It can form water-soluble nitrites and stable esters. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	8.07	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid
hydrazoic acid [no description available]	2.11	1	0	nitrogen hydride
mercuric sulfate mercuric sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of HgSO4	2.35	2	0
antimony pentafluoride antimony pentafluoride: often mixed with acids to form super acids	2.05	1	0	antimony molecular entity; inorganic fluoride salt	Lewis acid; NMR solvent
silver chloride [no description available]	2.44	2	0	inorganic chloride; silver salt
deuterium oxide Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes.	4.35	19	0	deuterated compound; water	NMR solvent
fluorosulfonic acid perfluorosulfonic acid: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based fluoropolymer–copolymer	4.56	7	0	sulfur oxoacid	NMR solvent
molybdate ion molybdate : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from molybdic acid	2.92	4	0	divalent inorganic anion; molybdenum oxoanion	Escherichia coli metabolite
ammonium perchlorate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
butylated hydroxyanisole [no description available]	3.1	1	0
glycerol 1-stearate glycerol 1-stearate: isolated from the young fronds of the bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum; structure in first source. rac-1-monostearoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol composed of equal amounts of 3-stearoyl-sn-glycerol and 1-stearoyl-sn-glycerol.. 1-monostearoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has stearoyl as the acyl group.	2.13	1	0	1-acylglycerol 18:0; rac-1-monoacylglycerol	algal metabolite; Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite
desmedipham desmedipham: structure. desmedipham : A carbamate ester that is phenylcarbamic acid in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3-[(ethoxycarbonyl)amino]phenyl group. It is an agrochemical used as a herbicide.	2	1	0	carbamate ester	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
phenmedipham phenmedipham: minor descriptor (72-84); on-line search CARBAMATES (72-84); Index Medicus search HERBICIDES, CARBAMATE (75-84), CARBAMATES (72-75). phenmedipham : A carbamate ester that is (3-methylphenyl)carbamic acid in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]phenyl group.	2	1	0	carbamate ester	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.	6.88	38	0
poloxalene Poloxalene: A copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is a non-ionic polyol surface-active agent used medically as a fecal softener and in cattle for prevention of bloat.. pluronic : A triblock copolymer composed of a central hydrophobic chain of poly(propylene oxide) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of poly(ethylene oxide).	2.08	1	0	epoxide
hexadimethrine bromide Hexadimethrine Bromide: A synthetic polymer which agglutinates red blood cells. It is used as a heparin antagonist.	2.68	3	0
sizofiran Sizofiran: A beta-D-glucan obtained from the Aphyllophoral fungus Schizophyllum commune. It is used as an immunoadjuvant in the treatment of neoplasms, especially tumors found in the stomach.	2.15	1	0
phosphoryl chloride phosphoryl chloride: structure	2.49	2	0	phosphorus coordination entity
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	5.23	47	0	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
ferric sulfate ferric sulfate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:2] salt). iron(3+) sulfate : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(3+) to sulfate ions is 3:2.	2.45	2	0	iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	astringent; catalyst; mordant
aluminum sulfate aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) : An aluminium sulfate that contains no water of crystallisation.	2.06	1	0	aluminium sulfate
radon Radon: A naturally radioactive element with atomic symbol Rn, and atomic number 86. It is a member of the noble gas family found in soil, and is released during the decay of RADIUM.. radon(0) : A monoatomic radon that has an oxidation state of zero.	4.6	8	0	monoatomic radon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
sodium selenite disodium selenite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and selenite ions in a 2:1 ratio.	3.86	3	0	inorganic sodium salt; selenite salt	nutraceutical
cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.	2.07	1	0	cadmium coordination entity
cobaltous nitrate cobaltous nitrate: RN given refers to Co(+2) salt. cobalt dinitrate : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is nitrate.	2.04	1	0	cobalt salt; inorganic nitrate salt
4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan: A benzofuran derivative used as a protein reagent since the terminal N-NBD-protein conjugate possesses interesting fluorescence and spectral properties. It has also been used as a covalent inhibitor of both beef heart mitochondrial ATPase and bacterial ATPase.. 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan : A benzoxadiazole that is 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine and at position 7 by a nitro group.	2.69	3	0	benzoxadiazole; C-nitro compound; organochlorine compound	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.1.3 (adenosinetriphosphatase) inhibitor; fluorescent probe; fluorochrome
ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate: slow-acting amine polymerization accelerator. parbenate : A benzoate ester that is ethyl benzoate substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4.	1.99	1	0	benzoate ester; ethyl ester; tertiary amino compound
boron trichloride [no description available]	2.13	1	0
magnesium chlorate magnesium chlorate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.02	1	0
camphoroquinone camphoroquinone: a natural monoterpene, non-aromatic quinone; structure given in first source. bornane-2,3-dione : A bornane monoterpenoid that is bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane substituted by methyl groups at positions 1, 7 and 7 and oxo groups at positions 2 and 3.	2.94	4	0	bornane monoterpenoid; carbobicyclic compound
magnesium nitrate magnesium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of magnesium.	2.06	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt; magnesium salt	fertilizer
trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	3.1	5	0
stanozolol Stanozolol: A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194). stanozolol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes.	2.1	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	anabolic agent; androgen
rhamnose [no description available]	2.68	3	0	L-rhamnose
sodium bichromate sodium bichromate: RN given refers to di-Na salt	3.55	2	0	inorganic sodium salt
carbendazim carbendazim: carcinogen when combined with sodium nitrite; principle metabolite of thiophanate methyl & benomyl; structure. carbendazim : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.	2.42	2	0	benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug; metabolite; microtubule-destabilising agent
chrysotile Asbestos, Serpentine: A type of asbestos that occurs in nature as the dihydrate of magnesium silicate. It exists in two forms: antigorite, a plated variety, and chrysotile, a fibrous variety. The latter makes up 95% of all asbestos products. (From Merck Index, 11th ed, p.893)	2.11	1	0
ammonium bromide ammonium bromide : An ammonium salt composed of ammonium and bromide ions in a 1:1 ratio.	2.42	2	0	ammonium salt; bromide salt	NMR chemical shift reference compound
ammonium fluoride ammonium fluoride : A fluoride salt having ammonium (NH4+) as the counterion.	2.47	2	0	ammonium salt; fluoride salt
ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.	9.54	25	0	ammonium salt; inorganic chloride	ferroptosis inhibitor
ethionine L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.	2.86	4	0	S-ethylhomocysteine	antimetabolite; carcinogenic agent
3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	3.1	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	6.52	57	0	titanium oxides	food colouring
3-carene 3-carene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.98	4	0	monoterpene
sodium tungstate(vi) sodium tungstate(VI): inactivates molybdoenzymes in Anabaena; RN given refers to tungstic acid [H2WO4], di-Na salt. sodium tungstate : An inorganic sodium salt having tungstate as the counterion. Combines with hydrogen peroxide for the oxidation of secondary amines to nitrones.	2.38	2	0	inorganic sodium salt	reagent
hydrocortisone-17-butyrate cortisol 17-butyrate : Cortisol esterified with butyric acid at the 17-hydroxy group.	2.05	1	0	butyrate ester; cortisol ester; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	dermatologic drug; drug allergen
4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid carrying a chloro substituent at position 4.	2.03	1	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; monochlorobenzenes	phenoxy herbicide
diacerein diacerein: chelates with bivalent metals; a quinone which possesses redox properties; metabolized to active rhein; proposed mechanisms include inhibiting IL1 and metalloproteinases; called a slow acting symptomatic drug in osteoarthritis; no effect of cyclooxygenase;	2.02	1	0	anthraquinone
menthone menthone : The trans-stereoisomer of p-menthan-3-one.. (-)-menthone : A menthone that is cyclohexanone substituted by a methyl and an isopropyl group at positions 5 and 2 respectively (the 2S,5R-stereoisomer).	2	1	0	menthone
salen disalicylaldehyde ethylenediamine: reagents for determination of iron	2.04	1	0
tiletamine hydrochloride Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	4.46	22	0
dibenzo-18-crown-6 dibenzo-18-crown-6: structure. dibenzo-18-crown-6 : A crown ether that is 18-crown-6 ortho-fused to two benzene rings at positions 8-9 and 17-18.	2.4	2	0	benzenes; crown ether	phase-transfer catalyst
etorphine Etorphine: A narcotic analgesic morphinan used as a sedative in veterinary practice.	3.31	1	0
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	2.46	2	0	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
cycasin [no description available]	7.08	1	0
4-n-Pentylphenol [no description available]	3.52	2	0	phenols
clemastine Clemastine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.. clemastine : 2-[(2R)-1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is substituted by a 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethyl group (R configuration). An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used as its fumarate salt for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.	2	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpyrrolidine	anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
thiamphenicol [no description available]	2.25	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfone	antimicrobial agent; immunosuppressive agent
chlortoluron chlorotoluron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups while the other is substituted by a 3-chloro-4-methylphenyl group. A herbicide that is non-toxic to honeybees but moderately toxic to mammals, birds, earthworms and most aquatic organisms.	2	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
cephalexin Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.	2.04	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
cromolyn sodium Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.	3.07	5	0	organic sodium salt	anti-asthmatic drug; drug allergen
n'-nitrosonornicotine N'-nitrosonornicotine: structure; a potent carcinogen in laboratory animals	2.31	1	0	pyridines; pyrrolidines
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	6.38	20	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
fluoroboric acid [no description available]	2.01	1	0	boron fluoride
fluorides [no description available]	6.6	40	0	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
copper(ii) perchlorate copper(II) perchlorate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
18-crown-6 18-crown-6 : A crown ether that is cyclooctadecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16 have been replaced by oxygen atoms.	2.94	4	0	crown ether; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	phase-transfer catalyst
9-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	3.1	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene
stilbene oxide stilbene oxide: inducer of epoxide hydratase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	3.25	5	0	epoxide
metergoline Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7.	2.11	1	0	carbamate ester; ergoline alkaloid	dopamine agonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist
clonixin Clonixin: Anti-inflammatory analgesic.. clonixin : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is nicotinic acid substituted at position 2 by a (2-methyl-3-chlorophenyl)amino group. Used (as its lysine salt) for treatment of renal colic, muscular pain and moderately severe migraine attacks.	2.07	1	0	aminopyridine; organochlorine compound; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; lipoxygenase inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
stannic oxide tin dioxide : A tin oxide compound consisting of tin(IV) covalently bound to two oxygen atoms.	2.97	4	0	tin oxide
cresyl violet cresyl violet: RN given refers to chloride. cresyl violet : A cationic heterotetracyclic fluorescent dye derived from benzo[a]phenoxazine.	2.01	1	0
chromium chromium hexavalent ion: a human respiratory carcinogen	2.1	1	0	chromium cation; monoatomic hexacation
keracyanin cyanidin 3-rutinoside: an anthocyanin compound. cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside chloride : A member of the class of anthocyanin chlorides that has cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside as the cationic counterpart.	2.49	2	0	anthocyanin chlorides
1-deoxynojirimycin 1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.	2.02	1	0	2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol; piperidine alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
geosmin geosmin: earthy smelling cpd from sediment in Lake Biwa; structure. (-)-geosmin : The (-)-stereoisomer of geosmin, having 4S,4aS,8aR configuration.	2.11	1	0	geosmin
iodine [no description available]	4.18	17	0	halide anion; monoatomic iodine	human metabolite
osmium tetroxide Osmium Tetroxide: (T-4)-Osmium oxide (OsO4). A highly toxic and volatile oxide of osmium used in industry as an oxidizing agent. It is also used as a histological fixative and stain and as a synovectomy agent in arthritic joints. Its vapor can cause eye, skin, and lung damage.. osmium tetroxide : An osmium coordination entity consisting of four oxygen atoms bound to a central osmium atom via covalent double bonds.	8.42	7	0	osmium coordination entity	fixative; histological dye; oxidising agent; poison
daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.	4.36	6	0	aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
phosphotyrosine Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group.	1.99	1	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O(4)-phosphotyrosine	Escherichia coli metabolite; immunogen
lirinidine lirinidine: from Nelumbro nucifera; RN given refers to (S)-isomer	2.25	1	0
bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.	2	1	0	indole alkaloid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist
ergocristine ergocristine: an ergot alkaloid; one of the three components of ergotoxine; has alpha blocking action, stimulates smooth muscles & antagonizes serotonin; used as oxytocic & in peripheral disorders; minor descriptor (77-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search EROLINES (77-86); RN given refers to ((5'alpha)-isomer). ergocristine : Ergotaman bearing benzyl, hydroxy, and isopropyl groups at the 5', 12' and 2' positions, respectively, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid.	2.41	1	0	ergot alkaloid
fenitrothion Fenitrothion: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.. fenitrothion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a nitro group at position 4.	7.42	2	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
tri-n-butylborane [no description available]	2.01	1	0
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	13.29	708	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
3-phenyl-1-propanol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	monocyclic arene
n-phenylethanolamine [no description available]	3.1	1	0	aralkylamine
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat.	6.06	9	1	chloride salt; organic chloride salt	antiseptic drug; surfactant
4-ethylphenol 4-ethylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-ethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols carrying an ethyl substituent at position 4.	3.83	3	0	phenols	fungal xenobiotic metabolite
myrcene myrcene: structure in first source. beta-myrcene : A monoterpene that is octa-1,6-diene bearing methylene and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	2.49	2	0	monoterpene	anabolic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; flavouring agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
methylformamide N-methylformamide : A member of the class of formamides having a N-methyl substituent.	8.42	7	0	formamides
isopentyl alcohol isopentyl alcohol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. isoamylol : An primary alcohol that is butan-1-ol in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a methyl group.	3.51	8	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	antifungal agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite
acetylacetone acetylacetone : A beta-diketone that is pentane in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 4 are replaced by oxo groups.	7.73	3	0	beta-diketone
propionic anhydride [no description available]	2.44	2	0
paraldehyde Paraldehyde: A hypnotic and sedative with anticonvulsant effects. However, because of the hazards associated with its administration, its tendency to react with plastic, and the risks associated with its deterioration, it has largely been superseded by other agents. It is still occasionally used to control status epilepticus resistant to conventional treatment. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p608-9). paraldehyde : A trioxane that is 1,3,5-trioxane substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.	5.85	7	0	trioxane	sedative
butyl acetate butyl acetate: structure. butyl acetate : The acetate ester of butanol.	4.01	4	0	acetate ester	metabolite
1,4-dioxane 1,4-dioxane: dehydrating agent; polar solvent miscible both with water & most organic solvents. dioxane : Any member of the class of dioxanes that is a cyclohexane in which two carbon atoms are replaced by oxygen atoms.. 1,4-dioxane : A dioxane with oxygen atoms at positions 1 and 4.	4.79	31	0	dioxane; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; non-polar solvent
isoamyl acetate isoamyl acetate: structure in Merck, 9th ed, #4958. isoamyl acetate : The acetate ester of isoamylol.	2.37	2	0	acetate ester	metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tetramethylolphosphonium chloride tetramethylolphosphonium chloride: Negwer,5th ed has a number for a different cpd named THPC	2.37	2	0
triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.	2.05	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
sulfolane sulfolane : A member of the class of tetrahydrothiophenes that is tetrahydrothiophene in which the sulfur has been oxidised to give the corresponding sulfone. A colourless, high-boiling (285degreeC) liquid that is miscible with both water and hydrocarbons, it is used as an industrial solvent, particularly for the purification of hydrocarbon mixtures by liquid-vapour extraction.	2.11	1	0	sulfone; tetrahydrothiophenes	polar aprotic solvent
tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate: flame retardant	2.65	3	0	trialkyl phosphate
tributyl phosphate tributyl phosphate: a detergent. tributyl phosphate : A trialkyl phosphate that is the tributyl ester of phosphoric acid.	2	1	0	trialkyl phosphate
chloroprene Chloroprene: Toxic, possibly carcinogenic, monomer of neoprene, a synthetic rubber; causes damage to skin, lungs, CNS, kidneys, liver, blood cells and fetuses. Synonym: 2-chlorobutadiene.	2.49	2	0	chloroolefin
tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.	4.18	17	0	chlorocarbon; chloroethenes	nephrotoxic agent
dimethylacetamide hallucinogen : Drugs capable of inducing illusions, hallucinations, delusions, paranoid ideations and other alterations of mood and thinking.. N,N-dimethylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which the hydrogens attached to the N atom have been replaced by two methyl groups respectively. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism.	8.75	10	0	acetamides; monocarboxylic acid amide	human metabolite
ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	4.04	4	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pregnanolone Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.	3.51	2	0	3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid	human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
butylated hydroxytoluene 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.	3.1	1	0	phenols	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; food additive; geroprotector
2,6-di-tert-butylphenol 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol : A member of the class of phenols carrying two tert-butyl substituents at positions 2 and 6.	7.21	1	0	alkylbenzene; phenols	antioxidant
1,4-diaminoanthraquinone [no description available]	2.08	1	0
pyrene pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.	8.41	7	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	fluorescent probe; persistent organic pollutant
butachlor butachlor : An aromatic amide that is 2-choro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide in which the amide nitrogen has been replaced by a butoxymethyl group.	2.02	1	0	aromatic amide; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
du-21220 Ritodrine: An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR.. 4-[2-[[1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl group.	2.42	2	0	benzyl alcohols; polyphenol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.	4.97	12	0
algestone acetophenide Algestone Acetophenide: A progesterone that has been used in ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION and has been evaluated as an injectable contraceptive in combination with estradiol enanthate. It is also applied topically as an anti-inflammatory and in the treatment of ACNE.	1.94	1	0
n-methyl-n-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide : An N-silyl compound that is N-methyltrifluoroacetamide in which the amide nitrogen is replaced by a trimethylsilyl group. N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide is a derivatisation agent used in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry applications.	2.42	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-silyl compound; trifluoroacetamide	chromatographic reagent
aluminum oxide hydroxide aluminum oxide hydroxide: RN given refers to Al2O3.xH2O	2.06	1	0	aluminium hydroxides; aluminium oxides
androstane-3,17-diol Androstane-3,17-diol: The unspecified form of the steroid, normally a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE with androgenic activity. It has been implicated as a regulator of gonadotropin secretion.	2.04	1	0	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid
alkenes [no description available]	12.33	79	0
calcium oxalate Calcium Oxalate: The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.. calcium oxalate : The calcium salt of oxalic acid, which in excess in the urine may lead to formation of oxalate calculi (kidney stones).	3	4	0	organic calcium salt
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	11.75	44	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
adenylyl imidodiphosphate Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.	6.96	1	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate
azoxymethane Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.	7.9	4	0
cefazolin Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	2.04	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; tetrazoles; thiadiazoles	antibacterial drug
poly-n,n-dimethyl-n,n-diallylammonium chloride diallyldimethylammonium chloride: structure in first source	2.08	1	0
torpedo Torpedo: A genus of the Torpedinidae family consisting of several species. Members of this family have powerful electric organs and are commonly called electric rays.	7.9	4	0
sodium azide Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).	9.24	5	0	inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; explosive; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mutagen
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	5.75	28	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
adenosine diphosphate ribose Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose: An ester formed between the aldehydic carbon of RIBOSE and the terminal phosphate of ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE. It is produced by the hydrolysis of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by a variety of enzymes, some of which transfer an ADP-ribosyl group to target proteins.	2.4	2	0	ADP-sugar	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	3.98	13	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.	2.44	2	0	timolol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
2-bromoethanesulfonic acid 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; a methanogenic inhibitor	3.22	6	0
tramadol Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.	8.31	6	0	2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antitussive; capsaicin receptor antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; muscarinic antagonist; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
almitrine Almitrine: A respiratory stimulant that enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. The drug increases arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It may also prove useful in the treatment of nocturnal oxygen desaturation without impairing the quality of sleep.. almitrine : A triamino-1,3,5-triazine compound having allylamino substituents at the 2- and 4-positions and a 4-(bis(p-fluorophenyl)methyl)-1-piperazinyl group at the 6-position.	2.05	1	0	piperazines; triamino-1,3,5-triazine	central nervous system stimulant
ferrozine Ferrozine: A ferroin compound that forms a stable magenta-colored solution with the ferrous ion. The complex has an absorption peak at 562 nm and is used as a reagent and indicator for iron.	2.01	1	0
benthiocarb Saturn: The sixth planet in order from the sun. It is one of the five outer planets of the solar system. Its twelve natural satellites include Phoebe and Titan.	2.05	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; monothiocarbamic ester
enterobactin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	catechols; crown compound; macrotriolide; polyphenol	bacterial metabolite; siderophore
oxcarbazepine Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy.	2.03	1	0	cyclic ketone; dibenzoazepine	anticonvulsant; drug allergen
1-(9-fluorenyl)methyl chloroformate 1-(9-fluorenyl)methyl chloroformate: used for tagging silica-based derivatization reagents in HPLC	1.99	1	0
s-adenosylmethionine acylcarnitine: structure in first source. S-adenosyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-adenosyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group.	2.94	4	0	sulfonium betaine	human metabolite
dehydrocorydalin dehydrocorydalin: alkaloid from Corydalis bulbuso D.C. used in therapy of peptic ulcer; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.7	3	0	alkaloid
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	4.05	4	0	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
feprazone Feprazone: A pyrazole that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It has been used in mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal and joint disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p15)	1.95	1	0	organic molecular entity
7-ethoxycoumarin 7-ethoxycoumarin : A member of the class of coumarins that is umbelliferone in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by an ethoxy group.	2	1	0	aromatic ether; coumarins
acetylgalactosamine Acetylgalactosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.	2.53	2	0	N-acetyl-D-hexosamine; N-acetylgalactosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
zolazepam Zolazepam: A pyrazolodiazepinone with pharmacological actions similar to ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS. It is commonly used in combination with TILETAMINE to obtain immobilization and anesthesia in animals.	2.41	1	0
flubendazole flubendazole: the p-fluoro analog of mebendazole. flubendazole : A member of the class of mebendazole in which the benzoyl group is replaced by a p-fluorobenzoyl group. A broad-spectrum anthelmintic, it is used, particularly in veterinary medicine, for the treatment of nematodal infections.	3.01	2	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; organofluorine compound	antinematodal drug; teratogenic agent
4-vinyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol 4-vinyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol: isolated from canola oil; structure in first source	2.21	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols
procymidone procymidone : An azabicycloalkane that is 1,5-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. A fungicide widely used in horticulture as a seed dressing, pre-harvest spray or post-harvest dip for the control of various diseases.	2	1	0
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.	2.52	2	0	amino cyclitol glycoside	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	4.86	32	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
amitraz amitraz: ixodicide (tick control); structure. amitraz : A tertiary amino compound that is 1,3,5-triazapenta-1,4-diene substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and 2,4-dimethylphenyl groups at positions 1 and 5.	2.42	2	0	formamidines; tertiary amino compound	acaricide; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
15-crown-5 15-crown-5 : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is cyclopentadecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7, 10 and 13 have been replaced by oxygen atoms to give a crown ether.	2.13	1	0	crown ether; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
fluchloralin fluchloralin: structure	7.01	1	0	C-nitro compound
etoposide [no description available]	2.52	2	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p [no description available]	8.68	10	0	peptide	neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
acetosulfame acetosulfame: RN given refers to parent cpd. acesulfame : A sulfamate ester that is 1,2,3-oxathiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide substituted by a methyl group at position 6.	2.15	1	0	organic heteromonocyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle; sulfamate ester	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
6-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 6-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source	3.1	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene
isoproturon isoproturon : A member of the class of phenylureas that is 1,1-dimethylurea substituted by a p-cumenyl group at position 3. A selective, systemic herbicide used to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in cereals, its use within the EU has been banned after September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.	2.4	2	0	3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
dobutamine Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.	2.1	1	0	catecholamine; secondary amine	beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
prothiophos prothiophos: caused hypoglycemia & reduced blood urea levels in rats; structure in first source; inhibits acetylcholinesterase. prothiofos : An organic thiophosphate that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ester of O-ethyl S-propyl dithiophosphoric acid.	2.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene; organic thiophosphate; organosulfur compound	agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
pcb 180 PCB 180: C12-H3-Cl7	7.6	1	0	polychlorobiphenyl
diflubenzuron Diflubenzuron: An insect growth regulator which interferes with the formation of the insect cuticle. It is effective in the control of mosquitoes and flies.. diflubenzuron : A benzoylurea insecticide that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced bgy a 2,6-difluorobenzoyl group.	2.39	2	0	benzoylurea insecticide; monochlorobenzenes	insect sterilant
penbutolol Penbutolol: A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent.	2.02	1	0	ethanolamines
iprodione iprodione : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione in which the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by an N-(isopropyl)carboxamide group while that at position 3 is substituted by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. A contact fungicide, it blocks the growth of the fungal mycelium and inhibits the germination of fungal spores. It is used on fruit and vegetable crops affected by various fungal diseases. It is also used as a nematicide.	2.42	2	0	benzenes; dichlorophenyl dicarboximide fungicide; imidazole fungicide; imidazolidine-2,4-dione; ureas	antifungal agrochemical; nematicide
miloxacin miloxacin: structure in second source	2.04	1	0	quinolines
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.	2.4	2	0	butyrate ester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
benzo(a)pyrene 4,5-epoxide benzo(a)pyrene 4,5-epoxide: RN given refers to cpd with unspecifiedisomeric designation	1.96	1	0	carbopolycyclic compound
dichlormid dichlormid: antidote for EPTC injury in corn; structure	2.01	1	0	tertiary carboxamide
climbazole 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one : A ketone that is butan-2-one substituted by a 4-chlorophenoxy and a 1H-imidazol-1-yl group at position 1 and 2 methyl groups at position 3.	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether; hemiaminal ether; imidazoles; ketone; monochlorobenzenes
fluorescamine Fluorescamine: A nonfluorescent reagent for the detection of primary amines, peptides and proteins. The reaction products are highly fluorescent.	2.41	2	0
cephradine Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.	1.98	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
imidazolidinyl urea imidazolidinyl urea: RN given refers to parent cpd	4.36	3	0	ureas	antimicrobial agent
2,3,4,5,3',4',5'-heptachlorobiphenyl 2,3,4,5,3',4',5'-heptachlorobiphenyl: induces cytochromes P-448 & P-450; RN given refers to cpd with locants for chlorine moieties	2.6	1	0	heptachlorobiphenyl; tetrachlorobenzene; trichlorobenzene
n-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide Duxon: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	2.03	1	0
methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	2.35	2	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent
bezafibrate [no description available]	1.96	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	2.44	2	0	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
flunixin meglumine flunixin meglumine : An organoammonium salt obtained by combining flunixin with one molar equivalent of 1-deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A relatively potent non-narcotic, nonsteroidal analgesic with anti-inflammatory, anti-endotoxic and anti-pyretic properties; used in veterinary medicine for treatment of horses, cattle and pigs.	2.07	1	0	organoammonium salt	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
oxyfluorofen oxyfluorofen: structure	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether	EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.	7.49	2	0	pyridinium ion	apoptosis inducer; herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; neurotoxin
lonidamine lonidamine: structure. lonidamine : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole that is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by 2,4-dichlorobenzyl and carboxy groups, respectively.	2.03	1	0	dichlorobenzene; indazoles; monocarboxylic acid	antineoplastic agent; antispermatogenic agent; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
vinclozolin vinclozolin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-vinclozolin. A fungicide used mainly on oilseed rape, vines, fruit and vegetables to control Botrytis, Sclerotinia and Monilia spp.. 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione in which the imide hydrogen is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group.	2	1	0	dicarboximide; dichlorobenzene; olefinic compound; oxazolidinone
n-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine: reactive arylating intermediate from acetaminophen & N-hydroxyacetaminophen; structure given in first source	2.1	1	0	ketoimine; quinone imine
vx VX nerve agent : A organic thiophosphate that is the ethyl ester of S-{2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethyl} O hydrogen methylphosphonothioate. A toxic nerve agent used in chemical warfare.	7.42	2	0	organic thiophosphate; tertiary amino compound	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; neurotoxin
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	3.97	13	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
dexibuprofen dexibuprofen: structure in first source	3.1	1	0	ibuprofen	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
benoxaprofen benoxaprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. benoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals.	3.48	2	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antipsoriatic; antipyretic; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; nephrotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; protein kinase C agonist
hexazinone hexazinone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source	1.99	1	0	1,3,5-triazines
permethrin hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141	4.9	8	1	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes	agrochemical; ectoparasiticide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide; scabicide
2,2',3,5,5',6-hexachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.05	1	0
quisqualic acid Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis.	2.37	2	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
decamethrin decamethrin: pyrethroid insecticide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.57	2	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organobromine compound	agrochemical; antifeedant; calcium channel agonist; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; pyrethroid ester insecticide
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid [no description available]	5.04	15	0	chromanol; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger; Wnt signalling inhibitor
oxfendazole [no description available]	2.1	1	0	benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; sulfoxide	antinematodal drug
meptazinol Meptazinol: A narcotic antagonist with analgesic properties. It is used for the control of moderate to severe pain.	2.07	1	0	azepanes
3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine T1023: radioprotective NO-Synthase Inhibitor	2.11	1	0
7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide: 7,8,8a,9a-Tetrahydrobenzo(10,11)chryseno (3,4-b)oxirene-7,8-diol. A benzopyrene derivative with carcinogenic and mutagenic activity.	2.92	1	0	epoxide	intercalator
epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.	2.81	3	0	aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
methyl(acetoxymethyl)nitrosamine methyl(acetoxymethyl)nitrosamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in seventh source	1.96	1	0
2-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 2-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source	3.1	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene
desflurane Desflurane: A fluorinated ether that is used as a volatile anesthetic for maintenance of general anesthesia.	1.99	1	0	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
metalaxyl metalaxyl: RN given refers to (DL-Ala)-isomer. metalaxyl : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-metalaxyl. A systemic fungicide, it is active against phytopathogens of the order Peronosporales and is used to conrtrol Pythium in a number of vegetable crops.. methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)alaninate : An alanine derivative that is methyl alaninate in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a methoxyacetyl group, while the other is substituted by a 2,6-dimethylphenyl group.	2	1	0	alanine derivative; aromatic amide; carboxamide; ether; methyl ester
enkephalin, methionine Enkephalin, Methionine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.	2.67	3	0
idarubicin Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.	2.46	2	0	anthracycline antibiotic; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative
propiconazole Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.	7.88	102	0	conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
nitroacetic acid nitroacetic acid: inhibits succinate dehydrogenase; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.08	1	0
8-hydroxyloxapine 8-hydroxyloxapine: active metabolite of loxapine	2.07	1	0
8-hydroxyamoxapine 8-hydroxyamoxapine: active metabolite of amoxapine	2.07	1	0	dibenzooxazepine
paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.	2.31	1	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	2.45	2	0	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
progabide progabide: GABA agonist; structure	2.05	1	0	diarylmethane
cefoperazone Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.	2.03	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
foscarnet sodium trisodium phosphonoformate : The trisodium salt of phosphonoformic acid. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.	2.02	1	0	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antiviral drug
arsenobetaine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	organic salt
triflumuron triflumuron: insect growth inhibitor	2.1	1	0	aromatic ether; benzoylurea insecticide; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound
gabapentin-lactam gabapentin-lactam: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	azaspiro compound
moxalactam Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.	2.72	2	0	cephalosporin; oxacephem	antibacterial drug
bw-755c 4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine: A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia.	2.01	1	0
cyromazine cyromazine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.07	1	0	triamino-1,3,5-triazine	mouse metabolite; triazine insecticide
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	3.1	5	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
fenoxaprop ethyl Puma: A genus in the family FELIDAE comprising one species, Puma concolor. It is a large, long-tailed, feline of uniform color. The names puma, cougar, and mountain lion are used interchangeably for this species. There are more than 20 subspecies.	2.03	1	0	aromatic ether
1-octanesulfonic acid 1-octanesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.4	2	0	organosulfonic acid	local anaesthetic
2-amino-6-methyldipyrido(1,2-a-3',2'-d)imidazole 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido(1,2-a-3',2'-d)imidazole: structure	1.99	1	0	imidazopyridine
fluvalinate fluvalinate: RN given refers to 2-cyano isomer (DL)-isomer	1.99	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile; organochlorine acaricide; organochlorine insecticide; organofluorine acaricide; organofluorine insecticide	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
haloxyfop haloxyfop: RN given refers to parent cpd. haloxyfop : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of haloxyfop-P (the more active, R enantiomer) and (S)-haloxyfop (the less active enantiomer). A post-emergence herbicide used to control annual and perennial grass weeds. Commercial use of the racemate was phased out in favour of the most active enantiomer, used as the proherbicide esters haloxyfop-P-methyl and haloxyfop-P-etotyl.. 2-(4-{[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-phenoxypropanoic acid in which the hydrogen at the para position of the phenyl ring has been replaced by a [3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy group.	2.03	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; pyridines
4-methacryloxyethyltrimellitic acid anhydride 4-methacryloxyethyltrimellitic acid anhydride: monomer used in 4-META resin; which is used as dental resin; structure given in first source; Cover-Up II is a 4-META bases bonding agent	2.01	1	0
avobenzone [no description available]	2.25	1	0	dihydrochalcones
pefloxacin Pefloxacin: A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.. pefloxacin : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.	2.07	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
alfentanil Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	central nervous system depressant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
beclobrate beclobrate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	1.97	1	0	diarylmethane
fomesafen fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.	3.83	12	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; phenols	agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
fenoxycarb fenoxycarb: used against mosquitoes (Diptera:Culicidae); structure given in first source. fenoxycarb : A carbamate ester that is the O-ethyl carbamate of 2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethylamine.	2	1	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester	environmental contaminant; insecticide; juvenile hormone mimic; xenobiotic
sulfometuron methyl sulfometuron methyl: structure given in first source. sulfometuron methyl : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of 2-{[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)carbamoyl]sulfamoyl}benzoic acid.	6.99	1	0	benzoate ester; N-sulfonylurea; pyrimidines	EC 2.2.1.6 (acetolactate synthase) inhibitor; herbicide
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	9.56	5	1	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
magnocurarine magnocurarine: RN given refers to (R)-isomer	2.21	1	0	isoquinolines
2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline 2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline: mutagen found in broiled food; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source; frequently abbreviated as IQ in the literature. 3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinolin-2-amine : An imidazoquinoline that is 3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and an amino group at position 2.	2.4	2	0	imidazoquinoline	carcinogenic agent
quizalofop-ethyl quizalofop-ethyl: RN given refers to parent cpd. quizalofop-ethyl : A racemate coprising equimolar amounts of quizalofop-P-ethyl and its enantiomer, (S)-quizalofop-ethyl. A proherbicide for quizalofop.. ethyl 2-{4-[(6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy}propanoate : An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[(6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy}propanoic acid with ethanol.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; ethyl ester; organochlorine compound; quinoxaline derivative
castanospermine castanospermine: indolizidine alkaloid from seeds of Australian legume, Castanospermum australe. castanospermine : A tetrahydroxyindolizidine alkaloid that consists of octahydroindolizine having four hydroxy substituents located at positions 1, 6, 7 and 8 (the 1S,6S,7R,8R,8aR-diastereomer).	2.02	1	0	indolizidine alkaloid	anti-HIV-1 agent; anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.2.1.* (glycosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	4.34	4	1	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
idazoxan Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.	1.98	1	0	benzodioxine; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
atomoxetine hydrochloride Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.. atomoxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine.	2.07	1	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant
quinapril Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.11	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
raloxifene hydrochloride Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride.	2.07	1	0	hydrochloride	bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
cicletanine [no description available]	2.02	1	0	organochlorine compound
methyl bensulfuron methyl bensulfuron: RN given refers to parent cpds. bensulfuron-methyl : The methyl ester of bensulfuron. An acetolactate synthase inhibitor, it is used as a herbicide for the control of a variety of both annual and perennial weeds in crops, particularly wheat and rice. It is not licensed for use within the UK.	1.99	1	0	aromatic ether; methyl ester; N-sulfonylurea; pyrimidines	agrochemical; EC 2.2.1.6 (acetolactate synthase) inhibitor; herbicide
itraconazole Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.	3.28	6	0	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; N-arylpiperazine; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
temelastine [no description available]	2.02	1	0	pyrimidone
ractopamine ractopamine: veterinary growth stimulant. ractopamine : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible diastereoisomers of 4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol. A beta-adrenergic agonist, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) as a feed additive for use in pigs and other livestock to promote protein deposition, resulting in leaner meat. The R,R diastereoisomer, butopamine, is responsible for most of the leanness-enhancing effects. While use of ractopamine has been banned in over 120 countries including throughout the EU, in the US it used in an estimated 80% of all beef, pork and turkey production.. 4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl group.	2.05	1	0	benzyl alcohols; polyphenol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
difloxacin difloxacin: RN & structure given in first source. difloxacin : A quinolone that is pefloxacin in which the ethyl group at position 1 of the quinolone has been replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group. A broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, it is used (usually as the monohydrochloride salt) for the treatment of bacterial infections in dogs.	2.07	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
fosphenytoin fosphenytoin: structure given in first & second source	2.17	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
salmeterol xinafoate Salmeterol Xinafoate: A selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.	2	1	0	naphthoic acid
ranolazine Ranolazine: An acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS.. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. ranolazine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina.	2.04	1	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; monomethoxybenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; secondary alcohol
fura-2 Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.	1.99	1	0
dup 105 4-methylsulfinylphenyloxooxazolidinylmethylacetamide: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
imiquimod Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.	2.21	1	0	imidazoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; interferon inducer
esmolol methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.	7.15	1	0	aromatic ether; ethanolamines; methyl ester; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
sertindole sertindole : A phenylindole that is 1H-indole which is substituted on the nitrogen by a p-chlorophenyl group, at position 5 by chlorine, and at position 3 by a piperidin-4-yl group, which is itself substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)ethyl group.	7.02	1	0	heteroarylpiperidine; imidazolidinone; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; phenylindole	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
aromasil [no description available]	2.41	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sparfloxacin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone
clopidogrel Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.	7.17	1	0	methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
topotecan Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.	3	4	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	2.11	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
atorvastatin [no description available]	3.57	8	0	aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic)	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
lamivudine [no description available]	2.8	3	0	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol	allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
duloxetine hydrochloride Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration.	2.08	1	0	duloxetine hydrochloride	antidepressant
irinotecan [no description available]	2.84	3	0	carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.	2.85	3	0	biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ziprasidone ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.	2.06	1	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; indolones; organochlorine compound; piperazines	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
simendan Simendan: A hydrazone and pyridazine derivative; the levo-form is a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, calcium-sensitizing agent, and inotropic agent that is used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE.	2.25	1	0
emtricitabine Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.	4.79	4	0	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidone	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
kynostatin 272 kynostatin 272: structure given in first source; contains allophenylnorstatine as a transition-state mimic	2.02	1	0	peptide
capecitabine Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.	2.15	1	0	carbamate ester; cytidines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	4.21	18	0	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
safranal safranal: a monoterpene aldehyde; one of the main components responsible for the aroma of saffron; structure given in first source. safranal : A monoterpenoid formally derived from beta-cyclocitral by dehydrogenation.	2	1	0	monoterpenoid
trichloroacetamide [no description available]	1.96	1	0
nitroaniline nitroaniline: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for nitro moiety. nitroaniline : A substituted aniline that carries one or more nitro groups.	2.77	3	0
dibutyltin oxide [no description available]	2.06	1	0
tertiary-amyl methyl ether tertiary-amyl methyl ether: structure given in first source	2.11	1	0
octyl gallate [no description available]	3.1	1	0	gallate ester	food antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
1-n-butylimidazole [no description available]	2.05	1	0
pyranine pyranine: structure	7.49	2	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome
pyranine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
gadolinium chloride gadolinium chloride: a macrophage inhibitor; reduces pulmonary injury and inflammatory mediator production induced by inhaled ozone	2.02	1	0	gadolinium coordination entity	TRP channel blocker
potassium superoxide [no description available]	1.98	1	0
vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.	2.71	3	0	trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion	EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
florisil Florisil: hard, porous, granular substance used in vitamin analysis, chromatography, & antibiotic processing	2.49	2	0
dimethylhydrazines Dimethylhydrazines: Hydrazines substituted with two methyl groups in any position.	1.95	1	0
pyroset tkp Pyroset TKP: a biocide; structure	1.95	1	0
cathinone cathinone: alkaloid from khat shrub, Catha edulis; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. cathinone : The S stereoisomer of 2-aminopropiophenone.	8.02	4	0	2-aminopropiophenone; monoamine alkaloid	central nervous system stimulant; psychotropic drug
diazolidinylurea diazolidinylurea: structure given in first source	4.36	3	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
benoxacor benoxacor: a herbicide safener that protects corn from injury by metachlor	2.6	1	0	benzoxazine
musk xylene musk xylene : A C-nitro compound that is m-xylene bearing three nitro substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6 as well as a tert-butyl group at position 5.	1.99	1	0	C-nitro compound	carcinogenic agent; explosive; fragrance
sudan iii sudan III: structure in first source. Sudan III : A bis(azo) compound that is 2-naphthol substituted at position 1 by a 4-{[(2-methylphenyl)diazenyl]phenyl}diazenyl group. A fat-soluble dye predominantly used for demonstrating triglycerides in frozen sections, but which may also stain some protein bound lipids in paraffin sections.	2	1	0	azobenzenes; bis(azo) compound; naphthols	carcinogenic agent; fluorochrome; histological dye
acridine orange Acridine Orange: A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.. acridine orange : Fluorescent dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively.. acridine orange free base : A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination.	7.43	2	0	aminoacridines; aromatic amine; tertiary amino compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
vanillyl alcohol vanillyl alcohol: structure. vanillyl alcohol : A monomethoxybenzene that is 2-methoxyphenol substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at position 4.	2.06	1	0	benzyl alcohols; guaiacols	plant metabolite
perfluoropropionic acid perfluoropropionic acid: ion pairing reagent; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0
isobutyl chloroformate [no description available]	2.06	1	0
2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)bicyclo(3.1.0)hexan-2-ol 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)bicyclo(3.1.0)hexan-2-ol: fragrance ingredient; structure in first source	2.13	1	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid
barium oxide [no description available]	2.41	1	0
trifluoromethanesulfonic acid trifluoromethanesulfonic acid: deblocking reagent for peptide synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd. triflic acid : A one-carbon compound that is methanesulfonic acid in which the hydrogens attached to the methyl carbon have been replaced by fluorines.	3.29	6	0	one-carbon compound; perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid
4-vinylphenol 4-vinylphenol: RN given refers to cpd with locants as specified. 4-hydroxystyrene : A member of the class of phenols that is styrene carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4.	2.51	2	0	phenols	human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
4-ethylguaiacol 4-ethylguaiacol: a constituent of wood creosote; suppresses intestinal smooth muscle contraction	2.11	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols
ammonium peroxydisulfate ammonium persulfate : An inorganic ammonium salt in which two of the terminal hydroxy groups of peroxydisulfuric acid are deprotonated and associated with ammonium ions as counter-cations.	2.41	1	0
sodium persulfate sodium persulfate: RN given refers to peroxydisulfuric acid, di-Na salt	2.03	1	0
potassium phosphate potassium phosphate: used in dental materials and to treat hypophosphatemia; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF. tripotassium phosphate : An inorganic potassium salt that is the tripotassium salt of phosphoric acid.	3.98	13	0	inorganic phosphate salt; inorganic potassium salt
rubidium chloride rubidium chloride : An inorganic chloride composed of rubidium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio.	1.95	1	0	inorganic chloride; rubidium molecular entity	antidepressant; biomarker
caloreen caloreen: glucose polymer with average length of five glucose units for dietary energy supplement. dextrin : Glucans produced by the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen. They are mixtures of polymers of D-glucose units linked by alpha(1->4) or alpha(1->6) glycosidic bonds.	1.97	1	0
octyl glucoside octyl-beta-D-glucoside: RN given refers to (beta)-isomer. octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside : An beta-D-glucoside in which the anomeric hydrogen of beta-D-glucopyranose is substituted by an octyl group.	2.38	2	0	beta-D-glucoside	plant metabolite
venlafaxine hydrochloride Venlafaxine Hydrochloride: A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.	3.02	4	0	hydrochloride
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.	6.98	92	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenol [no description available]	3.1	1	0	stilbenoid
efavirenz efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	2.72	2	0	acetylenic compound; benzoxazine; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
aluminum phosphate aluminum phosphate: gel used as immunologic adjuvent; RN given refers to Al salt	2.05	1	0
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	7.92	94	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
lanthanum chloride lanthanum chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.02	1	0
dihydrochalcone dihydrochalcone : A member of the class of dihydrochalcones that is acetophenone in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a benzyl group.	2.01	1	0	dihydrochalcones	plant metabolite
fenofibric acid fenofibric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylpropanoic acid substituted by a 4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug fenofibrate.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ketone; chlorobenzophenone; monocarboxylic acid	drug metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite
2',7'-dichlorofluorescein 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.1	1	0	2-benzofurans	fluorochrome
ursolic acid [no description available]	4.02	13	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
1,5-anhydroglucitol 1,5-anhydroglucitol: structure. 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol : An anhydro sugar of D-glucitol.	2.1	1	0	anhydro sugar	human metabolite
norharman norharman: RN given refers to parent cpd. beta-carboline : The parent compound of the beta-carbolines, a tricyclic structure comprising an indole ring system ortho- fused to C-3 and C-4 of a pyridine ring.	2.13	1	0	beta-carbolines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent	fungal metabolite; marine metabolite
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	4.68	10	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
betulinic acid [no description available]	8.07	4	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite
baicalin [no description available]	2.71	3	0	dihydroxyflavone; glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antiatherosclerotic agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite; prodrug
oseltamivir Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.	2.08	1	0	acetamides; amino acid ester; cyclohexenecarboxylate ester; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; prodrug; xenobiotic
tuberculostearic acid tuberculostearic acid: characteristic constituent of microorganisms of Actinomycetales. tuberculostearic acid : A methyl-branched fatty acid, the structure of which is that of stearic acid carrying a methyl group at C-10.	1.99	1	0	long-chain fatty acid; methyl-branched fatty acid
5-methylcytosine 5-Methylcytosine: A methylated nucleotide base found in eukaryotic DNA. In ANIMALS, the DNA METHYLATION of CYTOSINE to form 5-methylcytosine is found primarily in the palindromic sequence CpG. In PLANTS, the methylated sequence is CpNpGp, where N can be any base.. 5-methylcytosine : A pyrimidine that is a derivative of cytosine, having a methyl group at the 5-position.	2	1	0	methylcytosine; pyrimidines	human metabolite
guanidine thiocyanate guanidine thiocyanate: a powerful chaotropic agent	7.41	2	0
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	2.72	3	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
n-acetylaspartic acid N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid : An N-acyl-L-aspartic acid in which the acyl group is specified as acetyl.	2	1	0	N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N-acyl-L-aspartic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; rat metabolite
alpha-terthienyl [no description available]	2.6	1	0	terthiophene
cholesteryl sulfate cholesteryl sulfate: component of human seminal plasma & spermatozoa; RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer. cholesterol sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is cholesterol substituted by a sulfoxy group at position 3.	2.05	1	0	steroid sulfate	human metabolite
gallocatechol gallocatechol: structure give in first source; RN given for (trans-(+-))-omer; inhibits DNA-dependent DNA & RNA polymerases. (+)-gallocatechin : A gallocatechin that has (2R,3S)-configuration. It is found in green tea and bananas.. gallocatechin : A catechin that is a flavan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 3', 4', 5, 5' and 7 (the trans isomer). It is isolated from Acacia mearnsii.	2.44	2	0	gallocatechin	antioxidant; metabolite; radical scavenger
phenylalanylphenylalanine phenylalanylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (L,L)-isomer	2.08	1	0
chlorin chlorin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chlorin : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that is obtained by formal hydrogenation across the 2,3-double bond of porphyrin.	2.07	1	0
phosphoramidic acid phosphoramidic acid: urease inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; do not confuse with phosphoramidites, which are organophosphorus compounds	1.98	1	0	phosphoric acid derivative
salvin salvin: a biocyclic diterpenoid; from sage and rosemary (Lamiaceae)	3.57	8	0	abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound; catechols; monocarboxylic acid	angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; food preservative; HIV protease inhibitor; plant metabolite
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol : A phosphatidylglycerol in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both palmitoyl.	2.08	1	0	phosphatidylglycerol
1,2-distearoyllecithin [no description available]	1.98	1	0
nile red nile red : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 5H-benzo[a]phenoxazin-5-one substituted at position 9 by a diethylamino group.	2.71	3	0	aromatic amine; cyclic ketone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
metaperiodate Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent.	5.94	35	0	iodine oxoacid
rhodamine 110 rhodamine 110: RN given refers to chloride	2.07	1	0
fluorophosphate fluorophosphate: inhibits Phosphorylas phosphatase irreversibly; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.37	2	0	fluorine molecular entity; phosphoric acid derivative
aristeromycin aristeromycin: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,2alpha,3beta,5alpha)-isomer	2.1	1	0
n,n-bis(trimethylsilyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide [no description available]	2.02	1	0
surfactin peptide surfactin peptide: antineoplastic product isolated from Bacillus sp.	3.03	4	0
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid: spelled pyrolidine in J Nutr 1979 reference; RN given refers to parent cpd. pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is the N-dithiocarboxy derivative of pyrrolidine.	2.05	1	0	dithiocarbamic acids; pyrrolidines	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; NF-kappaB inhibitor; radical scavenger
peroxynitric acid [no description available]	1.98	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid
glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.	2.71	3	0	glutathione derivative; organic disulfide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate: for detection of alkaline phosphatase; RN given refers to parent cpd; do not confuse with AMPS cpd	2	1	0	organosulfonic acid
baccatin iii [no description available]	2.6	1	0	acetate ester; benzoate ester; tetracyclic diterpenoid	plant metabolite
fenclofenac fenclofenac: RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0	aromatic ether
proxicromil proxicromil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.98	1	0
n-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid [no description available]	1.99	1	0	aminobenzoic acid
7-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone 7-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone: RN given refers to (3beta,7alpha)-isomer. 7alpha-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is dehydroepiandrosterone carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at the 7alpha-position.	2.02	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; estrogen; human xenobiotic metabolite; rat metabolite
cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.	4.19	17	0	cephalosporin	fungal metabolite
16-hydroxytestosterone 16-hydroxytestosterone: RN given refers to (16alpha,17beta)-isomer. 16alpha-hydroxytestosterone : A C19-steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at the 16alpha position has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.1	1	0	16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid; C19-steroid; diol; secondary alcohol	androgen
quassin quassin: article discusses quassinoid principle; structure	1.96	1	0	triterpenoid
trioctyl phosphine oxide [no description available]	2.11	1	0
imipramine n-oxide imipramine N-oxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2	1	0	dibenzooxazepine
droxicam droxicam: structure given in first source. droxicam : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2H,5H-[1,3]oxazino[5,6-c][1,2]benzothiazine-2,4(3H)-dione 6,6-dioxide substituted at positions 3 and 5 by pyridin-2-yl and methyl groups respectively. A prodrug of piroxicam, it is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.	7.42	2	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; pyridines	cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prodrug
dicarbine dicarbine: minor descriptor (77-84); on-line & Index Medicus search CARBOLINES (77-84); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.38	2	0
solanidine solanidine: derivative of DIOSGENIN that can rearrange to SOLANINE	2.46	2	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; solanid-5-en-3-ol; steroid alkaloid fundamental parent	plant metabolite; toxin
rutecarpine rutacarpine: from Evodia rutaecarpa; an ingredient in zhuyu hewei zhitong capsules	2.72	3	0	beta-carbolines
ecabet ecabet: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	diterpenoid
oxaceprol oxaceprol: RN given refers to (trans)-isomer	2.06	1	0
inaperisone inaperisone: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone
fropenem [no description available]	2.04	1	0	faropenem
repaglinide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	piperidines
telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.	2.6	1	0	benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
bergenin bergenin: RN refers to (2R-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha,4aalpha,10bbeta))-isomer; structure	2.17	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	metabolite
3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol: structure given in first source	2.46	2	0
silver bromide [no description available]	2.01	1	0
boron nitride [no description available]	2.41	1	0	nitride
silicon monoxide silanone: structure in first source	2.06	1	0	silicon oxide
2-methoxyestradiol 2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.	3.1	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	angiogenesis modulating agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
naphthalimides Naphthalimides: Compounds with three fused rings that appear like a naphthalene fused to piperidone or like a benz(de)isoquinoline-1,3-dione (not to be confused with BENZYLISOQUINOLINES which have a methyl separating the naphthyl from the benzyl rings). Members are CYTOTOXINS.	2.13	1	0
chloranilic acid chloranilic acid: structure	2.05	1	0
salicylhydroxamic acid [no description available]	2.02	1	0	hydroxamic acid; phenols	antibacterial drug; EC 1.11.2.2 (myeloperoxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor; trypanocidal drug
divinyl benzene [no description available]	2.72	3	0	styrenes
thiochrome thiochrome: structure	1.93	1	0
4-phenylbenzoic acid 4-phenylbenzoic acid: RN given refers to 4-carboxylic cpd	2.04	1	0
nitarsone nitarsone: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd. nitarsone : An organoarsonic acid where the organyl group is 4-nitrophenyl.	2.03	1	0	C-nitro compound; organoarsonic acid	agrochemical; antiprotozoal drug
benzeneboronic acid [no description available]	2.4	2	0	boronic acids
2-(n-cyclohexylamino)ethanesulfonic acid 2-(N-cyclohexylamino)ethanesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. N-cyclohexyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid : An alkanesulfonic acid that is cyclohexanamine in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 2-sulfoethyl group. It is used as a buffer (pH range of 8.6-10.0) for studying pH-dependent processes in enzymology.	2.01	1	0	alkanesulfonic acid; secondary aliphatic amine	Good's buffer substance
9,10-anthraquinone 2-carboxylic acid 9,10-anthraquinone 2-carboxylic acid: structure in first source	1.98	1	0
bromosuccinimide Bromosuccinimide: A brominating agent that replaces hydrogen atoms in benzylic or allylic positions. It is used in the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones and in controlled low-energy brominations. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed,).	2.69	3	0	dicarboximide; organobromine compound; pyrrolidinone	reagent
3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride [no description available]	2.06	1	0
chromotropic acid chromotropic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. chromotropic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 5.	2.59	2	0	naphthalenediols; naphthalenesulfonic acid	indicator
phenoxazine phenoxazine: RN given refers to 10H-phenoxazine. 10H-phenoxazine : A member of the class of phenoxazines that is morpholine which is ortho-fused to two benzene rings at positions 2-3 and 5-6.	2.05	1	0	phenoxazine	ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
cresatin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzoate ester; phenols
1,7-phenanthroline [no description available]	4.39	21	0	phenanthroline
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	10.39	58	0	1,2,3-triazole
1h-tetrazole tetrazole : An azaarene that is a five-membered ring composed of 4 nitrogen and 1 carbon atom.. 2H-tetrazole : A tetrazole tautomer where the proton is located on the 2 position.	2	1	0	one-carbon compound; tetrazole
heptafluorobutyric anhydride heptafluorobutyric anhydride: structure. heptafluorobutyric anhydride : An acyclic carboxylic anhydride that is perfluorinated butyric anhydride. It is used as a derivatising reagent for gas chromatographic analyses.	2.02	1	0	acyclic carboxylic anhydride; organofluorine compound	chromatographic reagent
trifluoroacetamide [no description available]	1.96	1	0
pentafluoropropionic anhydride [no description available]	2.02	1	0
4-trifluoromethylphenol 4-trifluoromethylphenol: metabolite of fluoxetine; structure in first source. 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenol : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is p-cresol in which the methyl group is perfluorinated. It is a metabolite of the drug fluoxetine.	2.02	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; phenols	drug metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite
lupulon lupulon: antibiotic from hops; structure. lupulone : A beta-bitter acid in which the acyl group is specified as 3-methylbutanoyl.. beta-bitter acid : An alicyclic ketone obtained by prenylation at positions 4, 6 and 6 of any 2-acylphloroglucinol. beta-bitter acids are well known for their contribution to the bitter taste of beer.	2.21	1	0	beta-bitter acid	angiogenesis inhibitor; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
1,8-diaminonaphthalene 1,8-diaminonaphthalene: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
isoimperatorin isoimperatorin: tumor necrosis factor antagonist isolated from Glehniae root. isoimperatorin : A member of the class of psoralens that is psoralen substituted by a prenyloxy group at position 5. Isolated from Angelica dahurica and Angelica koreana, it acts as a acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.	2.44	2	0	psoralens	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; metabolite
isocoumarins Isocoumarins: Compounds that differ from COUMARINS in having the positions of the ring and ketone oxygens reversed so the keto oxygen is at the 1-position of the molecule.. isocoumarin : The simplest member of the class of isocoumarins that is 1H-isochromene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 1.	3.34	6	0	isocoumarins
5-hydroxyflavone [no description available]	2.44	2	0	flavones
hydracrylic acid 3-hydroxypropionic acid : A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the terminal carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.66	2	0	3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; omega-hydroxy-short-chain fatty acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
gold cyanide [no description available]	2.05	1	0
delphinidin Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart.	4.11	16	0	anthocyanidin chloride
5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthol 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthol : 1-naphthol hydrogenated at C-5, -6, -7 and -8.	3.1	1	0	tetralins
nebularine nebularine: structure. nebularine : A purine ribonucleoside that is 9H-purine attached to a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue at position 9 via a glycosidic (N-glycosyl) linkage.	1.98	1	0	purine ribonucleoside; purines D-ribonucleoside	fungal metabolite
1-octacosanol 1-octacosanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. octacosan-1-ol : An ultra-long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is octacosane in which a hydrogen attached to one of the terminal carbons is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.6	1	0	fatty alcohol 28:0; ultra-long-chain primary fatty alcohol	plant metabolite
alfatradiol alfatradiol: used for treating androgenetic alopecia. 17alpha-estradiol : An estradiol that is estra-1,3,5(10)-triene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17 (the 17alpha stereoisomer).	3.1	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; estradiol	estrogen; geroprotector
fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)	2.04	1	0	2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
sertraline Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.	2.1	1	0	dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins	antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor
artemether Artemether: An artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA.. artemether : An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	2.06	1	0	artemisinin derivative; cyclic acetal; organic peroxide; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid	antimalarial
leucogentian violet leucogentian violet: metabolite of gentian violet; structure given in first source	3.16	1	0	benzenoid aromatic compound
4-hydroxyquinoline 4-quinolone : A quinolone that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 4.	3.1	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone
3-nitrobenzyl alcohol [no description available]	2.48	2	0	C-nitro compound
3-propylphenol 3-propylphenol: insect bait; RN from File CHEMID	2.05	1	0
methyl levulinate methyl levulinate: structure in first source	3.03	4	0	oxo carboxylic acid
fructose-6-phosphate fructose-6-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. fructose 6-phosphate : A ketohexose monophosphate consisting of fructose having a phosphate group located at the 6-position.	2.7	3	0	D-fructose 6-phosphate
3-methylhistamine 3-methylhistamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0
acefylline acefylline: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.41	1	0	oxopurine
5-iodouracil 5-iodouracil: RN given refers to parent cpd. 5-iodouracil : An organoiodine compound consisting of uracil having an iodo substituent at the 5-position.	1.96	1	0	organoiodine compound	antimetabolite
9-methyladenine 9-methyladenine : Adenine substituted with a methyl group at position N-9.	2.03	1	0	methyladenine	metabolite
1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid [no description available]	2	1	0
1,3-dimethyluracil 1,3-dimethyluracil : A pyrimidone that is uracil with methyl group substituents at positions 1 and 3.	2.08	1	0	pyrimidone	metabolite
dansylglycine [no description available]	1.98	1	0
glutarimide [no description available]	6.93	1	0	dicarboximide; piperidones
2-hydroxychavicol 2-hydroxychavicol: antimutagen from betel leaf; structure given in first source	2.52	2	0
2-(2'-pyridyl)benzimidazole 2-(2'-pyridyl)benzimidazole: structure in first source	7.05	1	0
n-methylscopolamine N-Methylscopolamine: A muscarinic antagonist used to study binding characteristics of muscarinic cholinergic receptors.	1.96	1	0
enrofloxacin Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets.	2.76	3	0	cyclopropanes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
ethofenprox ethofenprox: synthetic pyrethroid for insecticidal efficacy against mosquito larvae & on non-target organisms. etofenprox : An aromatic ether that is the 3-phenoxybenzyl ether of 2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-ol.	2	1	0	aromatic ether	pyrethroid ether insecticide
camphorated parachlorophenol camphorated parachlorophenol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; Walkhoff solution is a 3% solution of camphorated parachlorophenol	1.97	1	0
tyloxapol tyloxapol: non-ionic detergent with surface-active properties; incompatible with metals; surfactant also used in inhalation therapy; N1 is from CA Vol 90 Form Index; N1 in Chemline is same as synonym 8. tyloxapol : A polymeric compound resulting from the reaction of 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol with formaldehyde to give a chain in which 6-8 molecules are linked together by CH2 groups ortho to the phenolic hydroxy groups, which have then undergone reaction with oxirane to give polyoxyethyleneoxy moieties, Ar(OCH2CH2)xOH, where x = 8-10. A nonionic liquic polymer, it inhibits lipoprotein lipase and hence clearance of triglyceride from the plasma, so is used to induce hyperlipidaemia in test animals. Also used as a surfactant to aid liquefaction and removal of mucus- and pus-containing bronchopulmonary secretions.	2.08	1	0
premafloxacin [no description available]	1.99	1	0	quinolines
voriconazole Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.	3.01	4	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	P450 inhibitor
penicillin n penicillin N: RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta(S*)))-isomer; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #6887	2	1	0	penicillin
bufuralol bufuralol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.4	2	0	benzofurans
spizofurone [no description available]	1.97	1	0	benzofurans
aceclofenac [no description available]	7.73	3	0	amino acid; carboxylic ester; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluphenacur fluphenacur: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.1	1	0	aromatic ether; benzoylurea insecticide; dichlorobenzene; N-acylurea; organofluorine compound
octylonium octylonium: RN given refers to bromide; structure	3.51	1	0	benzamides
hesperetin [no description available]	2.11	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; monomethoxyflavanone; trihydroxyflavanone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
methotrimeprazine Methotrimeprazine: A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methotrimeprazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.	1.94	1	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; cholinergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist
magnolol [no description available]	3.11	4	0	biphenyls
honokiol [no description available]	2.85	3	0	biphenyls
sesamin (+)-sesamin : A lignan that consists of tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan substituted by 1,3-benzodioxole groups at positions 1 and 4 (the 1S,3aR,4S,6aR stereoisomer). Isolated from Cinnamomum camphora, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.	2.04	1	0	benzodioxoles; furofuran; lignan	antineoplastic agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
betulin betulin: isolated from various white birch bark (BETULA). betulin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-hydroxymethyl substituents.	2.1	1	0	diol; pentacyclic triterpenoid	analgesic; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; metabolite
lycorine lycorine: from bulbs of LYCORIS & other plants; RN given refers to (1 alpha,2 beta)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5444. lycorine : An indolizidine alkaloid that is 3,12-didehydrogalanthan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions and 2 and a methylenedioxy group across positions 9 and 10. Isolated from Crinum asiaticum, it has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activity.	2.1	1	0	indolizidine alkaloid	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
puupehenone [no description available]	2.11	1	0
coumarin 153 coumarin 153: structure in first source	7.46	2	0	7-aminocoumarins	fluorochrome
cryptand 2.2 cryptand 2.2: a macrocyclic diaza-crown ether; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione: has antineoplastic, intercalating, and trypanocidal activities; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
cyclopentenyl cytosine cyclopentenyl cytosine: inhibits CTP synthetase; used in therapy of colonic neoplasms; structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (1R-(1alpha,4beta,5beta))-isomer	1.98	1	0
gentisamide gentisamide: metabolite of salicylamides	2.03	1	0
vexibinol vexibinol: flavanol from Sophora; structure in first source; RN given refers to (S-(R,S))-isomer. sophoraflavanone G : A tetrahydroxyflavanone having a structure of naringenin bearing an additional hydroxyl substituent at position 2' as well as a (2R)-5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hex-4-en-1-yl (lavandulyl) substituent at position 8'.	1.97	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; tetrahydroxyflavanone	antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
pneumocandin c(0) pneumocandin C(0): structure given in first source; isolated from Zalerion arboricola	2.02	1	0
methylene violet methylene violet: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
xylenol orange xylenol orange: carboxylate anion which exhibits characteristic visible spectrum when attached to a metal	2.03	1	0
tetrandrine tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity	2.02	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone Tosyllysine Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES. Acts as an alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.	1.95	1	0	sulfonic acid derivative
beta-amyrin beta-amyrin: alpha-amyrin is also available; a 5 ring triterpene derived from oleanane that differs from alpha-amyrin in having the 29-carbon at the 20 position; RN given refers to (3 beta)-isomer. beta-amyrin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants.	3.2	5	0	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; plant metabolite
dehydrocostus lactone dehydrocostus lactone : An organic heterotricyclic compound and guaianolide sesquiterpene lactone that is acrylic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a 4-hydroxy-3,8-bis(methylene)decahydoazulen-5-yl group and in which the hydroxy group and the carboxy group have undergone formal condensation to afford the corresponding gamma-lactone.	2.1	1	0	gamma-lactone; guaiane sesquiterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	antimycobacterial drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; metabolite; trypanocidal drug
nodakenin nodakenin: RN given for (R)-isomer; has anti-inflammatory properties	2.01	1	0	furanocoumarin
pinobanksin pinobanksin: a flavonoid from propolis; RN refers to (2R-trans)-isomer. pinobanksin : A trihydroxyflavanone in which the three hydroxy substituents are located at positions 3, 5 and 7.	2.04	1	0	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; trihydroxyflavanone	antimutagen; antioxidant; metabolite
bes 2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanesulfonic acid : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 7.15 at 20 degreeC.	3.01	2	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; amino sulfonic acid; BES
2-chloranil [no description available]	2.05	1	0
nicosulfuron nicosulfuron: inhibits ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; Accent is DuPont brand name. nicosulfuron : A N-sulfonylurea that is 2-(carbamoylsulfamoyl)-N,N-dimethylpyridine-3-carboxamide substituted by a 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl group at the amino nitrogen.	2.78	3	0	N-sulfonylurea; pyridines; pyrimidines	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
hederagenin [no description available]	2.44	2	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; sapogenin	plant metabolite
magnoflorine magnoflorine: opium alkaloid having the aporphine configuration; RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer; structure. (S)-magnoflorine : An aporphine alkaloid that is (S)-corytuberine in which the nitrogen has been quaternised by an additional methyl group.	2.84	3	0	aporphine alkaloid; quaternary ammonium ion	plant metabolite
marrubiin marrubiin: RN given for (2aS-(2aalpha,5abeta,6alpha,7alpha,8aalpha,8balpha))-isomer; often isolated from MARRUBIUM.	2.06	1	0	gamma-lactone
bilobalide [no description available]	2.44	2	0	sesquiterpene lactone
indicine indicine: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,7(2R,3S),7abeta))-isomer	2.05	1	0	carboxylic ester; pyrrolizines
homoeriodictyol homoeriodictyol: structure in first source. homoeriodictyol : A trihydroxyflavanone that consists of 3'-methoxyflavanone in which the three hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4', 5, and 7.	2.03	1	0	3'-methoxyflavanones; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; monomethoxyflavanone; trihydroxyflavanone	flavouring agent; metabolite
tetracyanoquinodimethane tetracyanoquinodimethane: structure. tetracyanoquinodimethane : A quinodimethane that is p-quinodimethane in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by cyano groups.	2.46	2	0	alicyclic compound; nitrile; quinodimethane
9-hydroxymethylanthracene 9-hydroxymethylanthracene: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
trifluoromethanol trifluoromethanol: structure in first source	8.2	5	0
oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.	2.99	4	0	carbamate ester; oxazolidinone	metabolite
ceric oxide ceric oxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF CeO2. ceric oxide : A metal oxide with formula CeO2. It is used for polishing glass, in coatings for infra-red filters to prevent reflection, and as an oxidant and catalyst in organic synthesis.	3.95	12	0	cerium molecular entity; metal oxide
sodium oxide [no description available]	2.11	1	0
trimethyl citrate trimethyl citrate: structure in first source	2.01	1	0
2,2,2-trifluoroethanesulfonyl chloride [no description available]	2.11	1	0
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid : A perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid that is octane-1-sulfonic acid in which all seventeen of the hydrogens that are attached to carbons hvae been replaced by fluorines.	3.22	5	0	perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid	antilipemic drug; persistent organic pollutant
4-nitrophenyl laurate [no description available]	2.17	1	0
dicetylphosphate dicetylphosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. dicetyl hydrogen phosphate : The dihexadecyl ester of phosphoric acid.	2.93	1	0	dialkyl phosphate
5-bromocytosine [no description available]	2	1	0
4-hydroxybutyl acrylate [no description available]	2.17	1	0
cyclopropylcarbinol cyclopropylcarbinol: potential anti-amoebic agent; inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase 2 from Entamoeba histolytica	3.32	6	0
octadecyl palmitate octadecyl palmitate: found in psoriatic nail, but not in normal nails. stearyl palmitate : A palmitate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with the hydroxy group of stearyl alcohol.	1.94	1	0	hexadecanoate ester; wax ester	coral metabolite; cosmetic
c.i. direct red 80 Solophenyl red 3BL: structure in first source. Sirius red F3B : An organic sodium salt resulting from the formal condensation of Sirius red F3B (acid form) with six equivalents of sodium hydroxide. A polyazo dye used principally in staining methods for collagen and amyloid.	1.96	1	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; histological dye
4-nitrophenyl butyrate p-nitrophenyl butyrate : A butyrate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 4-nitrophenol with the carboxy group of butyric acid.	2.13	1	0	butyrate ester; C-nitro compound
methylene green methylene green: stain; 4-nitro(methylene blue); RN given refers to chloride. methylene green : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)-4-nitrophenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. It stains nuclei green and is sometimes used as a counterstain to red or purple primary stains.	2.08	1	0	organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; histological dye
trimethoxyvinylsilane [no description available]	2.05	1	0
4-aminobenzamide [no description available]	2	1	0	benzamides
cyclobutanol cyclobutanol: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
1,5-diazabicyclo(4.3.0)non-5-ene 1,5-diazabicyclo(4.3.0)non-5-ene: inhibitor of indolamine-N-methyltransferase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.06	1	0	pyrrolopyrimidine
tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol [no description available]	2.82	2	0
4-methoxymethylpyridoxine 4-methoxymethylpyridoxine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.11	1	0	pyridines
adipostatin a adipostatin A: allergen from cashew nut shell oil; as adipostatin found as inhibitor of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Streptomyces; Also found in bees; do not confuse with cardol, RN 57486-25-6, MF unknown;. cardol : Resorcinol substituted at position 5 by a pentadecyl chain.	2.01	1	0	5-alkylresorcinol	EC 1.1.5.3 (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) inhibitor
6-carboxyfluorescein 6-carboxyfluorescein: originally sold as 6-carboxyfluorescein, but commercial product is a mixture of two isomers; correct name is 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein	1.98	1	0	monocarboxylic acid
cobalt phthalocyanine [no description available]	7.69	2	0
6-methoxy-2-naphthalaldehyde 6-methoxy-2-naphthalaldehyde: used for fluorometric assays for isozymes of human alcohol dehydrogenase; structure given in first source	2	1	0
4-iodopyrazole [no description available]	2.08	1	0	organoiodine compound; pyrazoles
2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine: color reagent for serum iron; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0
2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate [no description available]	2.08	1	0
1-benzylimidazole 1-benzylimidazole: inhibits human thromboxane synthetase	2.05	1	0
ribose-5-phosphate ribose-5-phosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.17	1	0	D-ribose 5-phosphate
rivastigmine [no description available]	2.69	2	0	carbamate ester; tertiary amino compound	cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
rosiglitazone [no description available]	2.46	2	0	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid: catechol methyltransferase inhibitor; N1 same as NM	2.25	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid
2-aminopyrazine [no description available]	2.08	1	0	pyrazines
propylsulfonic acid propylsulfonic acid: RN given refers to cpd without locant for propyl moiety	2.08	1	0
methylene glycol methanediol : The simplest member of the class of methanediols that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been substituted by hydroxy groups.	4.03	4	0	aldehyde hydrate; methanediols; one-carbon compound
tricine N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methylglycine : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 8.15 at 20 degreeC.	2.42	2	0	tricine
n-hydroxysuccinimide N-hydroxysuccinimide: structure	2.1	1	0
1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene [no description available]	1.97	1	0
1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
3,7-dimethyl-7-octen-1-ol Geranium: A plant genus of the family GERANIACEAE. Geranium is also used as a common name for PELARGONIUM.	2.67	3	0
5-bromo-1,3-dimethyluracil 5-bromo-1,3-dimethyluracil: structure given in first source	2.08	1	0
2,4-diamino-5-benzylpyrimidine 2,4-diamino-5-benzylpyrimidine: structure given in first source	1.96	1	0
2-(4-toluidino)-6-naphthalenesulfonic acid 2-(4-toluidino)-6-naphthalenesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.95	1	0
leucyl-leucyl-leucine leucyl-leucyl-leucine: RN given refers to (L-Leu-L-Leu-L-Leu)-isomer. Leu-Leu-Leu : A tripeptide formed from three L-leucine residues.	1.98	1	0	tripeptide	metabolite
5-ethylphenazine [no description available]	2.01	1	0
eriocitrin eriocitrin: structure in first source. eriocitrin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of eriodictyol substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.47	2	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; rutinoside; trihydroxyflavanone	antioxidant
hypobromous acid [no description available]	2.11	1	0	bromine oxoacid
3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylamine 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylamine: reagent for making polymers; structure in first source	2.11	1	0
acetaminophen sulfate ester acetaminophen sulfate ester: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source. paracetamol sulfate : An aryl sulfate that is paracetamol in which the hydroxy group has been replaced by a sulfooxy group.	2.07	1	0	acetamides; aryl sulfate	drug metabolite
chloramphenicol 3-acetate chloramphenicol 3-acetate: inactive metabolite of chloramphenicol	1.96	1	0	acetate ester
acetaminophen glucuronide acetaminophen glucuronide: acetaminophen metabolite in rats. acetaminophen O-beta-D-glucosiduronic acid : A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid that is the O-glucuronide of paracetamol (acetaminophen).	2.07	1	0	beta-D-glucosiduronic acid	drug metabolite
albendazole sulfoxide albendazole sulfoxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.45	2	0	sulfoxide
ketorolac tromethamine Ketorolac Tromethamine: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity.. ketorolac tromethamine : An organoammonium salt resulting from the mixture of equimolar amounts of ketorolac and tromethamine (tris). It has potent non-sedating analgesic and moderate anti-inflammatory effects. It is used in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.	1.98	1	0	organoammonium salt	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.	2.06	1	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic
bromates Bromates: Negative ions or salts derived from bromic acid, HBrO3.	2.81	3	0	bromine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
monomethylolglycine [no description available]	3.15	1	0
4-methoxy-1-naphthalaldehyde 4-methoxy-1-naphthalaldehyde: used for fluorometric assays for isozymes of human alcohol dehydrogenase; structure given in first source	2	1	0
1-nitroso-5,6-dihydrouracil N-nitrosodihydrouracil: structure in first source	6.96	1	0
v 70 [no description available]	2	1	0
3-chloromandelic acid [no description available]	2.11	1	0
tebuconazole Lynx: A genus in the family FELIDAE comprising felines with long legs, ear tufts, and a short tail.. 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is pentan-3-ol substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl, methyl, methyl, and a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl at positions 1, 4, 4 and 3 respectively.. tebuconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tebuconazole. A fungicide effective against various smut and bunt diseases in cereals and other field crops.	2.43	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; tertiary alcohol; triazoles
difenoconazole difenoconazole : A member of the class of dioxolanes that is 1,3-dioxolane substituted at position 2 by 2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl and 1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl groups. A broad spectrum fungicide with novel broad-range activity used as a spray or seed treatment. It is moderately toxic to humans, mammals, birds and most aquatic organisms.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dioxolane; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
fenazaquin fenazaquin: an experimental miticide	2.01	1	0	quinazolines	acaricide; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor
cyprodinil cyprodinil: structure in first source. cyprodinil : A member of the class of aminopyrimidine that is N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine carrying additional cyclopropyl and methyl substituents at positions 4 and 6 respectively. A broad spectrum fungicide used to control a range of pathogens including Tapesia yallundae, Botrytis spp., Alternaria spp. and Rhynchospium secalis. Whilst it is a recognised irritant no serious human health concerns have been identified. It is moderately toxic to birds as well as most aquatic organisms and earthworms, but it is not considered toxic to honeybees.	7.03	1	0	aminopyrimidine; anilinopyrimidine fungicide; cyclopropanes; secondary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
s-methyl benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioate S-methyl benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioate: induces system acquired resistance in wheat; structure in first source. acibenzolar-S-methyl : A benzothiadiazole that is the S-methyl thioester derivative of acibenzolar. A profungicide (by hydrolysis of the thioester group to give the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as a fungicide and plant activator on a variety of crops, including cotton, chili peppers, lettuce, onions, spinach, tobacco, and tomatoes.	2.41	1	0	benzothiadiazole; thioester	antifungal agrochemical; plant activator; profungicide
mosher's acid Mosher's acid: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
we 201 We 201: synthetic lysolecithin analog; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure	2.15	1	0
stearoyl alpha-lysolecithin stearoyl alpha-lysolecithin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-lysophosphatidylcholine : Any member of the class of lysophosphatidylcholines which has a free hydroxy group at the 2-position of the glycerol moiety.	2	1	0
4-methylumbelliferyl butyrate 4-methylumbelliferyl butyrate: substrate from butyrate esterase. 4-methylumbelliferyl butyate : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-methylumbelliferone in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a butyryl group.	2.25	1	0	butyrate ester; coumarins	chromogenic compound
coenzyme a [no description available]	3.89	13	0	adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate	coenzyme; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
loganin [no description available]	2.44	2	0	beta-D-glucoside; cyclopentapyran; enoate ester; iridoid monoterpenoid; methyl ester; monosaccharide derivative; secondary alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
hydroxymethylmethacrylate [no description available]	2.07	1	0
n-acetyltyrosine, (dl)-isomer N-acetyltyrosine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-acetyltyrosine : An N-acetyl-amino acid that is tyrosine with an amine hydrogen substituted by an acetyl group.	1.94	1	0	N-acetyl-amino acid; phenols; tyrosine derivative	human urinary metabolite
mebeverine gamma-oryzanol: present in rice bran is associated with various physiological functions; RN given refers to gamma-oryzanol	2.05	1	0
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	6.18	25	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
nsc-172755 butocin: S-substituted analog of mercaptopurine which functions as a cytostatic agent; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line search 6-MERCAPTOPURINE/AA (75-84); Index Medicus search MERCAPTOPURINE/analogs (75-84)	2.78	3	0
2,2-bis-(4-(2-methacryloxyethoxy)phenyl)propane 2,2-bis-(4-(2-methacryloxyethoxy)phenyl)propane: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	3.06	5	0	iditol	fungal metabolite
2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone [no description available]	2	1	0
dichlorprop methyl ester [no description available]	2.05	1	0
17-alpha-hydroxypregnenolone 17-alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone: A 21-carbon steroid that is converted from PREGNENOLONE by STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE. It is an intermediate in the delta-5 pathway of biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and the adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.. 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone : A hydroxypregnenolone carrying an alpha-hydroxy group at position 17.	3.1	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; hydroxypregnenolone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
beta-thujone [no description available]	2.04	1	0	beta-thujone
aucubin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	organic molecular entity	metabolite
friedelin 3-friedelanone: from the stem bark of Irvingia gabonensis; structure in first source. friedelin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is perhydropicene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and by methyl groups at the 4, 4a, 6b, 8a, 11, 11, 12b, and 14a-positions (the 4R,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,12bS,14aS,14bS-enantiomer). It is the major triterpenoid constituent of cork.	2.07	1	0	cyclic terpene ketone; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; plant metabolite
cadmium telluride cadmium telluride: used in radiation monitoring device	2.13	1	0
goethite [no description available]	2.05	1	0
2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile): free radical initiator in liposome systems	2.03	1	0
homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.	3.31	6	0	amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid	fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-hydroxypropranolol 4-hydroxypropranolol: metabolite of propanolol; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	1.97	1	0	naphthols
methylglucoside [no description available]	2.44	2	0
trimethylselenonium trimethylselenonium: product of selenite metabolism in rats; RN given refers to parent cpd. trimethylselenonium : An organic cation consisting of three methyl groups covalently bound to a central selenium atom.	2.01	1	0	organic cation	human xenobiotic metabolite
5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin 5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin: metabolite of phenytoin; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	3.1	1	0
gliquidone gliquidone: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.07	1	0	isoquinolines
pyrimethanil pyrimethanil: structure in first source. pyrimethanil : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine carrying two additional methyl substituents at positions 4 and 6. A fungicide used to control grey mould on fruit, vegetables and ornamentals as well as leaf scab on pome fruit. Also commonly employed to control Botrytis cinerea throughout the winemaking process in grapes, must, fermenting must and wine.	2.07	1	0	aminopyrimidine; anilinopyrimidine fungicide; secondary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
triflumizol triflumizol: structure given in first source. triflumizole : A carboxamidine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 4-chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)aniline with the oxygen of the acetyl group of N-(propoxyacetyl)imidazole. A sterol demethylation inhibitor, it is used as a fungicide for the control of powdery mildew, scab and other diseases on a variety of crops.	2.05	1	0
teflubenzuron teflubenzuron: effective against development of house fly larvae (Musca domestica). teflubenzuron : A N-acylurea that is N-carbamoyl-2,6-difluorobenzamide substituted by a 3,5-dichloro-2,4-difluorophenyl group at the terminal nitrogen atom.	2.43	2	0	dichlorobenzene; difluorobenzene; N-acylurea	environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
hexafluoron hexafluoron: insect growth regulator against mosquito larva; the active agent in Sonet, a Russian product, is hexaflumuron. hexaflumuron : An N-acylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 2,6-difluorobenzoyl group, while a hycrogen attached to the other nitorgen is replaced by a 3,5-dichloro-4-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl group.	2.1	1	0	aromatic ether; benzoylurea insecticide; dichlorobenzene; N-acylurea; organochlorine insecticide; organofluorine insecticide
diethofencarb diethofencarb: structure given in first source. diethofencarb : A carbamate ester that is the isopropyl ester of (3,4-diethoxyphenyl)carbamic acid. A fungicide with strong activity against Botrytis cinerea and benzimidazole-resistant strains of Botryis spp.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester; carbanilate fungicide	antifungal agrochemical
prosulfuron prosulfuron: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	triazines
flufenoxuron [no description available]	2.1	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; benzoylurea insecticide; difluorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes	mite growth regulator
delta-tocopherol [no description available]	2.52	2	0	tocopherol; vitamin E	food antioxidant; plant metabolite
taraxerol taraxerol: structure. taraxerol : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanan-3-ol lacking the methyl group at position 14, with an alpha-methyl substituent at position 13 and a double bond between positions 14 and 15.	2.02	1	0	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol	metabolite
picein picein: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer	2.11	1	0	glycoside
4,4'-oxydi-2-butanol 4,4'-oxydi-2-butanol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure	2.07	1	0	secondary alcohol
4-hydroxyphenylglycine 4-hydroxyphenylglycine : A glycine molecule carrying a 4-hydroxyphenyl substituent.	2.01	1	0	hydroxy-amino acid	bacterial metabolite
7-amino-4-methylcoumarin 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.1	1	0	7-aminocoumarins	fluorochrome
tris(4-chlorophenyl)methane tris(4-chlorophenyl)methane: structure in first source	7.6	1	0
isometamidium chloride isometamidium chloride: Samorin & Veridium are tradenames	2.06	1	0	organic molecular entity
lopinavir [no description available]	2.03	1	0	amphetamines; dicarboxylic acid diamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
11-hydroxyprogesterone, (11alpha)-isomer 11alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 11alpha-hydroxy steroid that is pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione substituted by a hydroxy group at position 11.	3.1	1	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid
propionyl-coenzyme a propionyl-coenzyme A: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.49	2	0	acyl-CoA	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
indican, plant indican, plant: RN given refers to the (D-Glu)-isomer	2.13	1	0
nepetalactone nepetalactone: RN given for (4aS-(4aalpha,7alpha,7aalpha))-isomer; structure in first source. trans-cis-nepetalactone : A cyclopentapyran that is (4aS,7aS)-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran substituted at position 1 by an oxo group and at positions 4 and 7 by methyl groups, respectively (the 4aS,7S,7aS-diastereomer). An iridoid monoterpenoid isolated from several Nepeta plant species. It exhibits potent repellant activity against house dust mites and mosquitoes.	2.05	1	0
brexanolone brexanolone: a mixture of allopregnanolone and sulfobutylether‐beta‐cyclodextrin for treatment of postpartum depression. brexanolone : A 3-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has alpha-configuration. It is a metabolite of the sex hormone progesterone and used for the treatment of postpartum depression in women.	3.1	1	0	3-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one	antidepressant; GABA modulator; human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
uvaol uvaol: from Vauquelinia corymbosa (Rosaceae)	2.05	1	0	triterpenoid	metabolite
melezitose melezitose: structure. melezitose : A trisaccharide produced by insects such as aphids.	2.21	1	0	trisaccharide	animal metabolite
glycyltyrosine Gly-Tyr : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-tyrosine joined by a peptide linkage.	2.02	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
5-methyltryptophan 5-methyltryptophan: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 5-methyltryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a methyl group at position 5 of the indole ring.	2.07	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tryptophan derivative
3,5-diiodothyronine, (l)-isomer [no description available]	3.1	1	0	phenylalanine derivative
androstan-3-ol [no description available]	2.17	1	0	3-hydroxy steroid	androgen
4-nitrophenyl beta-d-glucoside 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucoside: RN given refers to (beta)-anomer; see also (alpha)-anomer: 3767-28-0; cpd with unspecified anomer: 5779-46-4. 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucoside : A beta-D-glucoside that is beta-D-glucopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy hydrogen is replaced by a 4-nitrophenyl group.	2.37	2	0	beta-D-glucoside; C-nitro compound	chromogenic compound
arginine methyl ester arginine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	1.99	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester
firefly luciferin Firefly Luciferin: A benzothaizole which is oxidized by LUCIFERASES, FIREFLY to cause emission of light (LUMINESCENCE).. Photinus luciferin : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid consisting of 3,5-dihydrothiophene-4-carboxylic acid having a 6-hydroxybenzothiazol-2-yl group at the 2-position.	2.65	3	0	1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid; benzothiazoles; imidothioate	luciferin
dextromoramide Dextromoramide: An opioid analgesic structurally related to METHADONE and used in the treatment of severe pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1070). dextromoramide : An N-acylpyrrolidine arising by formal condensation of pyrrolidine with (3S)-3-methyl-4-(morpholin-4-yl)-2,2-diphenylbutanoic acid. An opioid analgesic that is structurally related to methadone, it is more poweful than morphine but shorter acting. It has been used (particularly as the hydrogen tartrate salt) for the treatment of severe pain, but was discontinued in the UK in 2004.	2	1	0	morpholines; N-acylpyrrolidine	opioid analgesic
4-nitrophenyl alpha-glucoside 4-nitrophenyl alpha-glucoside: RN given refers to (alpha)-anomer; see also (beta)-anomers: 29857-05-4, 2492-87-7; cpd with unspecified anomer: 5779-46-4. 4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-glucoside : An alpha-D-glucoside that is beta-D-glucopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy hydrogen is replaced by a 4-nitrophenyl group.	1.97	1	0	alpha-D-glucoside; C-nitro compound; monosaccharide derivative	chromogenic compound
quebrachamine quebrachamine: an indole alkaloid; isolated from Aspidosperma tree; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	alkaloid
glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.	4.5	7	0
flazasulfuron flazasulfuron: vineyard herbicide in freshwater algae; structure in first source	2.01	1	0	pyridines; sulfonamide
novaluron novaluron: insecticide	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; benzoylurea insecticide; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound
3-maleimidobenzoyl n-hydroxysuccinimide 3-maleimidobenzoyl N-hydroxysuccinimide: coupling reagent; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0
erythrose D-erythrose : The D-enantiomer of erythrose.	2	1	0	erythrose	plant metabolite
1-phenyl-2-propanol [no description available]	2.03	1	0
3-hydroxydodecanoic acid 3-hydroxydodecanoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxylauric acid : A medium-chain fatty acid that is the 3-hydroxylated derivative of lauric acid; associated with fatty acid metabolic disorders.	2	1	0	3-hydroxy fatty acid; medium-chain fatty acid
n-acetylphenylalanine ethyl ester N-acetylphenylalanine ethyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2	1	0
adenylyl-(3'-5')-adenosine adenylyl-(3'-5')-adenosine: structure	1.99	1	0
leucylleucine leucylleucine: RN given refers to (DL-Leu-DL-Leu)-isomer	2.25	1	0	peptide
pyrimidine dimers Pyrimidine Dimers: Dimers found in DNA chains damaged by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They consist of two adjacent PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOTIDES, usually THYMINE nucleotides, in which the pyrimidine residues are covalently joined by a cyclobutane ring. These dimers block DNA REPLICATION.	2.41	1	0
pyrogallol sulfonphthalein [no description available]	2.02	1	0
harmol hydrochloride [no description available]	3.1	1	0
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	4.34	19	0	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
isovaline isovaline: RN given refers to parent cpd(L)-isomer	1.97	1	0
1-phenazinecarboxylic acid 1-phenazinecarboxylic acid: from Streptomyces cinnamonensis; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source. phenazine-1-carboxylic acid : An aromatic carboxylic acid that is phenazine substituted at C-1 with a carboxy group.	2.07	1	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; phenazines	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether [no description available]	2.58	2	0	aromatic ether; organobromine compound
benzyldihydronicotinamide benzyldihydronicotinamide: structure	2.25	1	0
desethylchloroquine desethylchloroquine: metabolite of chloroquine	2.03	1	0	aminoquinoline
2,3-naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde: used in colorimetric determination of cholesterol; RN from CA Form Index Vol 90; N1 same as NM	2.13	1	0
nitrophenylgalactosides Nitrophenylgalactosides: Includes ortho-, meta-, and para-nitrophenylgalactosides.. 2-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactoside : A beta-D-galactoside having a 2-nitrophenyl substituent at the anomeric position.	1.98	1	0	beta-D-galactoside; C-nitro compound	chromogenic compound
canthin-6-one canthin-6-one: from Zanthoxylum usambarense; structure in first source. canthin-6-one : An indole alkaloid that is 6H-indolo[3,2,1-de][1,5]naphthyridine substituted by an oxo group at position 6.	2.51	2	0	enone; indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimycobacterial drug; metabolite
4-nitrophenyloctanoate [no description available]	2.11	1	0
1,3,4-oxadiazole 1,3,4-oxadiazole: structure in first source	2.41	1	0
2-chloromandelic acid 2-chloromandelic acid: structure in first source	2.11	1	0
tetrathiafulvalene tetrathiafulvalene: used in carbon paste amperometric enzyme electrode for the determination of glucose in flowing systems. tetrathiafulvalene : A member of the class of fulvalenes that is ethene substituted by 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene groups at positions 1 and 2.	2.05	1	0	fulvalenes; organosulfur heterocyclic compound
2,3,4,6-tetra-o-acetyl-beta-d-glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetylglucopyranosylisothiocyanate: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer	2.02	1	0
diosgenin [no description available]	4.53	7	0	3beta-sterol; hexacyclic triterpenoid; sapogenin; spiroketal	antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; metabolite
sarsasapogenin, (3beta,5alpha,25r)-isomer tigogenin : A widely used steroidal sapogenin isolated from several plant species and used for synthesizing steroid drugs.	3.1	1	0	sapogenin	gout suppressant; plant metabolite
1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diyl hydrogen phosphate 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diyl hydrogen phosphate: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside: RN given refers to (D)-isomer; structure	2.11	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleosides
syringaresinol [no description available]	2.03	1	0	aromatic ether; furofuran; lignan; polyether; polyphenol	plant metabolite
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-phenylisoquinoline 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-phenylisoquinoline: structure in first source	2.1	1	0
virantmycin virantmycin: has potent antifungal activity & potent inhibitory activity against DNA & RNA viruses; from Streptomyces nitrosporeus No. AM-2722; structure in 2nd source	7.01	1	0
fangchinoline fangchinoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; limacine is the (1'beta)-isomer; 7-O-demethyltetrandrine is the (1S,1'S)-isomer. fangchinoline : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is (1beta)- berbaman which has been substituted by methyl groups at the 2 and 2' positions, by methoxy groups at the 6, 6', and 12 positions, and by a hydroxy group at position 7. Isolated from Stephania tetrandra, it has been found to possess neuroprotective and anti-tumour activity.	2.02	1	0
malabaricone c malabaricone C: from maize (Myristica fragrans); structure given in first source	2.49	2	0	butanone	metabolite
arctiin arctiin: from fruits of Arctium lappa L; RN given refers to (3R-trans)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/92	2.02	1	0	glycoside; lignan
tuberostemonine tuberostemonine: alkaloid from Stemona japonica with anthelmintic action; structure given in first source; an azapine	2.15	1	0	alkaloid	metabolite
corydaline [no description available]	2.17	1	0	isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
demissidine [no description available]	2.11	1	0	alkaloid; organic heteropolycyclic compound; steroid
sesamolin sesamolin: constituent of sesame oil; RN given refers to the (1S-(1alpha,3aalpha,4alpha,6aalpha)-isomer); inhibits proliferation of human lymphocytic leukemia cells in culture	2.04	1	0	benzodioxoles
3 alpha,17 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-pregnan-20-one 3alpha,17alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 17alpha.	3.48	2	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; C21-steroid; corticosteroid hormone	human urinary metabolite
methyl mannoside, (alpha-d)-isomer methylmannoside: RN given refers to (D)-isomer; see also record for 3-O-methylmannose. methyl alpha-D-mannoside : A methyl mannoside having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.	2.05	1	0	alpha-D-mannoside; methyl mannoside
quillaic acid quillaic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 16, an oxo group at position 23 and a carboxy group at position 28 (the 3beta,16alpha stereoisomer).	2.1	1	0	aldehyde; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; metabolite
2-methoxyestriol [no description available]	3.1	1	0
4-nitrophenyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-d-glucopyranoside 4-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-2-deoxyglucopyranoside: RN given refers to (beta)-isomer. 4-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide : An N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide in which the anomeric hydroxy hydrogen is replaced by a 4-nitrophenyl group.	1.97	1	0	C-nitro compound; N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide	chromogenic compound
glycylleucine glycylleucine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.25	1	0
2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(9-anthryl)ethanol 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(9-anthryl)ethanol: structure in first source	2.08	1	0
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	5.46	63	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.75	3	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound	metabolite
fulvestrant Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.	2.08	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist
chlorates Chlorates: Inorganic salts of chloric acid that contain the ClO3- ion.	3.29	6	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate: Molecular formula CaHPO(4)-2(H2O)	2.25	1	0	calcium salt; hydrate
vitamin b 6 Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.	2.11	1	0
imipenem, anhydrous Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.	2.74	3	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carbapenems; zwitterion	antibacterial drug
cremophor el cremophor EL: solvent for Althesin & Propanidid implicated as possible cause of similar adverse effects polyethoxylated castor oil; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; see also records for cremophor & cremophor A	1.97	1	0
sr141716 [no description available]	2.41	2	0	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles	anti-obesity agent; appetite depressant; CB1 receptor antagonist
cyfluthrin cyfluthrin: effective against mosquitoes. cyfluthrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and (4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)(hydroxy)acetonitrile.	2.1	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester insecticide
eudragit rs Eudragit RS: copolymer of acrylic & methacrylic acid esters & quaternary ammonium groups; used for microcapsules	2.47	2	0
2-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine 2-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine: directly acting genotoxic metabolite of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine. N-hydroxy-PhIP : An imidazopyridine that is 1H--imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine which is substituted at positions 1, 2, and 6 by methyl, hydoxyamino, and phenyl groups, respectively. The active metabolite of the dietary carcinogen PhIP.	3.1	1	0	hydroxylamine; imidazopyridine	carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; neurotoxin; rat metabolite
1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1h-imidazole 1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1H-imidazole: inhibits platelet aggregation & Ca2+ entry into platelets. SKF-96365 free base : An ether that is 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been substituted by a 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl group.	2.03	1	0	ether; imidazoles; monomethoxybenzene	TRP channel blocker
paxilline paxilline: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2R-(2alpha,4bbeta,6aalpha,12bbeta,12calpha,14abeta))-isomer. paxilline : An indole diterpene alkaloid with formula C27H33NO4 isolated from Penicillium paxilli. It is a potent inhibitor of large conductance Ca2(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK)-type channels.	2.41	1	0	diterpene alkaloid; enone; organic heterohexacyclic compound; terpenoid indole alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	anticonvulsant; Aspergillus metabolite; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; genotoxin; geroprotector; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; potassium channel blocker
fluoromethyl 2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl ether fluoromethyl 2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl ether: structure CF2=C(CF3)OCH2F; a vinyl ether	3.42	1	1	organofluorine compound
cyanates Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N).	5.95	20	0
dehydroretronecine dehydroretronecine: major pyrrole metabolite of monocrotaline; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.95	1	0
indo-1 indo-1: structure given in first source	2.39	2	0	indoles	fluorochrome
pyridinoline pyridinoline: 3-hydroxypyridinium derivative collagen crosslink; structure	1.97	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
beta-n-methylamino-l-alanine beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine: glutamate agonist. L-BMAA : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a methylamino group. A non-proteinogenic amino acid produced by cyanobacteria, it is a neurotoxin that has been postulated as a possible cause of neurodegenerative disorders of aging such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS-PDC) syndrome of Guam.	2.07	1	0	diamino acid; L-alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; secondary amino compound	bacterial metabolite; neurotoxin
((18)O)water ((18)O)water : A form of water consisting of two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to an oxygen-18 atom.. oxygen-18 atom : The stable isotope of oxygen with relative atomic mass 17.999160 and 0.205 atom percent natural abundance.	2.17	1	0	isotopically modified compound; water
n-benzyloxycarbonyllysine 4-nitrophenyl ester N-benzyloxycarbonyllysine 4-nitrophenyl ester: hydrolyzed by papain; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.96	1	0
thiamethoxam Thiamethoxam: A nitro-oxazine and thiazole derivative that is used as a broad spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide.. thiamethoxam : An oxadiazane that is tetrahydro-N-nitro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-imine bearing (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 5 respectively.	2.87	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; 2-nitroguanidine derivative; organochlorine compound; oxadiazane	antifeedant; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
satratoxin g [no description available]	2.02	1	0
u 78517f U 78517F: iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation inhibitor; structure given in first source; RN given is for diHCl	2.4	2	0
3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate 3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate: a surfactant; structure given in first source	2.41	2	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate
indoxacarb indoxacarb: oxadiazine insecticide; structure in first source. insecticide : Strictly, a substance intended to kill members of the class Insecta. In common usage, any substance used for preventing, destroying, repelling or controlling insects.	2.03	1	0	methyl ester; organochlorine insecticide	voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
taxiphyllin taxiphyllin: cyanogenic glycoside from plant Taxus; (S) epimer is dhurrin; structure. (R)-4-hydroxymandelonitrile beta-D-glucoside : A beta-D-glucoside consisting of (R)-prunasin carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	2.1	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; nitrile
prodan prodan: do not confuse with prodan in Chemline, RN 16893-85-9 which is disodium hexafluorosilicate	2.05	1	0	2-acyl-6-dimethylaminonaphthalene
aldophosphamide aldophosphamide: metabolite of cyclophosphamide	1.95	1	0	nitrogen mustard
dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol [no description available]	2.4	2	0
tryptoline tryptoline: neurotoxic factor that may be involved in development of Parkinson's disease; enzymatic prep from human brain converts tryptamine to tryptoline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.07	1	0	beta-carbolines
geniposide [no description available]	2.17	1	0	terpene glycoside
procyanidin Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.	5.8	26	0	proanthocyanidin
epicatechin gallate epicatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor; RN given refers to the (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source; isolated from green tea. (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of epicatechin. A natural product found in Parapiptadenia rigida.	2.44	2	0	catechin; gallate ester; polyphenol	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
phosphites Phosphites: Inorganic salts or organic esters of phosphorous acid that contain the (3-)PO3 radical. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). phosphite(3-) : A trivalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of all three protons from phosphorous acid.	2.45	2	0	phosphite ion; trivalent inorganic anion
ecopipam ecopipam: structure given in first source	3.1	1	0	benzazepine
fingolimod hydrochloride Fingolimod Hydrochloride: A sphingosine-derivative and IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT that blocks the migration and homing of LYMPHOCYTES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through its action on SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.. fingolimod hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl]-1,3-propanediol (fingolimod).	2.72	2	0	hydrochloride	immunosuppressive agent; prodrug; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
dihydrocapsaicin [no description available]	2.76	3	0	capsaicinoid
triptolide [no description available]	4.31	4	0	diterpenoid; epoxide; gamma-lactam; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	antispermatogenic agent; plant metabolite
cafestol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	diterpenoid; furans; organic heteropentacyclic compound; primary alcohol; tertiary alcohol	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
asiaticoside [no description available]	2.17	1	0
selenodiglutathione selenodiglutathione : A thioselenide in which a selenium atom is attached to the sulfur atoms of two molecules of glutathione. It is an initial metabolite of selenite, SeO3(2-).	3.64	2	0	glutathione derivative; thioselenide	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite
rx 821002 2-methoxyidazoxan: 2-methoxy analog of idazoxan. 2-methoxyidazoxan : A benzodioxine that is idazoxan substituted at position 2 by a methoxy group.	1.98	1	0	benzodioxine; cyclic ketal; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
bromobenzene 3,4-oxide bromobenzene 3,4-oxide: structure given in first source	3.06	1	0	epoxide
schizandrin b schizandrin B: a phytogenic antineoplastic agent with anti-inflammatory activity; isolated from Schisandra plant	2.08	1	0
pentacaine pentacaine: pentacaine is the (trans-(+-))-isomer; structure in first source	7.92	4	0
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.	3.38	7	0	2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent
aristolochic acid ii aristolochic acid II: structure given in first source. aristolochic acid B : An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions and by a nitro group at position 10.	2.15	1	0	aristolochic acids; aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; cyclic acetal; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mutagen; nephrotoxin; toxin
desethylterbuthylazine desethylterbuthylazine: a metabolite of terbuthylazine. terbutylazine-desethyl : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a tert-butyl group at the amino nitrogen and a chloro group at position 6. It is metabolite of the herbicide terbutylazine.	2.1	1	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	marine xenobiotic metabolite
hydroxyitraconazole hydroxyitraconazole: a hydroxylated metabolite of itraconazole; likely contributes importantly to the in vivo activity attributed to itraconazole	2.49	2	0
deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.	3.51	8	0
titanium isopropoxide titanium(IV) isopropoxide : A titanium coordination entity consisting of a titanium(IV) cation with four propan-2-olate anions as counterions.	2.04	1	0
glycofurol [no description available]	2.05	1	0
4-methoxymandelic acid 4-methoxymandelic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.11	1	0
homoorientin homoorientin: isolated from Swertia japonica; structure given in first source	2.17	1	0	flavone C-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; radical scavenger
kahweol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	diterpenoid; furans; organic heteropentacyclic compound; primary alcohol; tertiary alcohol	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
valerates Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters.	3.07	5	0	short-chain fatty acid anion; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	plant metabolite
florfenicol florfenicol: structure given in first source. florfenicol : A carboxamide that is the N-dichloroacetyl derivative of (1R,2S)-2-amino-3-fluoro-1-[4-(methanesulfonyl)phenyl]propan-1-ol. A synthetic veterinary antibiotic that is used for treatment of bovine respiratory disease and foot rot; also used in aquaculture.	2.25	1	0	organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; secondary alcohol; secondary carboxamide; sulfone	antimicrobial agent
trans-1,2-dihydro-1,2-naphthalenediol trans-1,2-dihydro-1,2-naphthalenediol: structure in first source. (1S,2S)-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-diol : The (1S,2S)-isomer of trans-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-diol.	2.41	1	0	trans-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-diol
selenomethylselenocysteine selenomethylselenocysteine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; selenocysteines	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite
ibuprofen, (r)-isomer [no description available]	3.1	1	0	ibuprofen
thromboxanes thromboxane : A class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.	2.05	1	0
dodecyl-beta-d-maltoside dodecyl beta-D-maltoside : A glycoside resulting from attachment of a dodecyl group to the reducing-end anomeric centre of a beta-maltose molecule.	2.43	2	0	disaccharide derivative; glycoside	detergent
aporphine aporphine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. aporphine : An isoquinoline alkaloid that is the N-methyl derivative of 5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline.	2.1	1	0	aporphine alkaloid; isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent; tertiary amino compound
tanshinone tanshinone: from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; RN given refers to tanshinone I; cardioprotective agent and neuroprotective agent	2.97	4	0	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
11-hydroxytestosterone 11-hydroxytestosterone: RN given refers to (11 beta,17 beta)-isomer. 11beta-hydroxytestosterone : An androstanoid that is testosterone carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at the 11beta-position.	3.1	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid; C19-steroid	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; marine metabolite
1,2-dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine [no description available]	2.4	2	0
norbuprenorphine norbuprenorphine: metabolite of buprenorphine found in urine & feces; RN given refers to (5alpha,7alpha)-isomer; structure given in first source	3.1	1	0	phenanthrenes
10-n-nonylacridinium orange 10-N-nonylacridinium orange: stains mitochondria of living HeLa-cells	2.06	1	0
megestrol acetate anisatin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; also see 2-oxo-6-deoxyneoanisatin. anisatin : A sesquiterpene lactone with formula C15H20O8. It is a neurotoxic natural product found in plants of the family Illiciaceae.	2.08	1	0	bridged compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; secondary alcohol; sesquiterpene lactone; spiro compound; tertiary alcohol; tetrol	GABA antagonist; neurotoxin; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite
amarogentin amarogentin: secoiridoid glycoside. amarogentin : A secoiridoid glycoside that consists of (4aS,5R,6R)-5-ethenyl-6-hydroxy-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H,3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1-one having a 2-O-[(3,3',5-trihydroxybiphenyl-2-yl)carbonyl]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl group attached at position 6 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.49	2	0	monosaccharide derivative; secoiridoid glycoside	EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; metabolite
2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine: cyclic methadone metabolite; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.99	1	0
brassinolide brassinolide: plant growth promoting steroidal lactone from rape pollen; RN given refers to (2alpha,3alpha,5alpha,22R,23R,24S)-isomer; structure in first source	2.13	1	0	22-hydroxy steroid; 23-hydroxy steroid; 2alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; brassinosteroid	plant growth stimulator; plant hormone
thiacloprid thiacloprid: structure in first source. (Z)-thiacloprid : The (Z)-stereoisomer of thiacloprid.. thiacloprid : A nitrile that is cyanamide in which the hydrogens are replaced by a 1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene group which in turn is substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl group at the ring nitrogen.	2.1	1	0	monochloropyridine; nitrile; thiazolidines	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
taraxasterol taraxasterol: from Cirsium segetum. taraxasterol : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is taraxastane with a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.	2.21	1	0	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; metabolite
2',6'-pipecoloxylidide 2',6'-pipecoloxylidide: major metabolite of bupivacaine; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.98	1	0	amino acid amide
duocarmycin sa duocarmycin SA: structure similar to CC-1065 and yatakemycin, composed of a pyrrolo-indole plus an indole; isolated from Streptomyces	7.02	1	0
chymosin Chymosin: The predominant milk-clotting enzyme from the true stomach or abomasum of the suckling calf. It is secreted as an inactive precursor called prorennin and converted in the acid environment of the stomach to the active enzyme. EC 3.4.23.4.	7.37	2	0
2,3-dihydroquinolin-4(1h)-one 2,3-dihydroquinolin-4(1H)-one: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
methyl phenylglycine methyl phenylglycine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2	1	0
gallium nitride [no description available]	2.07	1	0
l-lysine methyl ester methyl L-lysinate : The L-lysyl ester formed by conjugating L-lysine with methanol.	1.94	1	0	L-lysyl ester
asiatic acid [no description available]	2.17	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; triol	angiogenesis modulating agent; metabolite
3-deoxy-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid 3-deoxy-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid: a component of cell wall lipopolysaccharide; artifacts in mass spectrometric analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae; structure in first source. 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate : A carbohydrate acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid	2.03	1	0	3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid
dioscin [no description available]	2.74	3	0	hexacyclic triterpenoid; spiroketal; spirostanyl glycoside; trisaccharide derivative	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite
astilbin astilbin: dihydroflavonol from Kohki tea processed from Engelhardtia chrysolepis (huang-qui); astilbin is the (2R-trans)-isomer; neoisoastilbin is the (2S-cis)-isomer and is Sweetening Agents; isoastilbin is the (2R-cis)-isomer; structure in first source;. astilbin : A flavanone glycoside that is (+)-taxifolin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.02	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; alpha-L-rhamnoside; flavanone glycoside; monosaccharide derivative; tetrahydroxyflavanone	anti-inflammatory agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
cucurbitacins [no description available]	2.93	3	0	11-oxo steroid
benzo(a)pyrene-3,6-quinol [no description available]	3.1	1	0
caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.	4.21	17	0	fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine: water-soluble reagent which irreversibly reduces disulfides to thiols at room temperature & is active below neutral pH; used for quantitation of iodine and iodate. TCEP : A tertiary phosphine in which phosphane is substituted with three 2-carboxyethyl groups. It is a commonly used reducing agent.	1.99	1	0	phosphine derivative; tricarboxylic acid	reducing agent
aristolic acid aristolic acid: this is aristolochic acid without the nitro group	2.15	1	0
muricholic acid muricholic acid: internal standard in analysis of fecal bile acids; RN given refers to (3 alpha,5 beta)-isomer	2.43	2	0	3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 6-hydroxy steroid; 7-hydroxy steroid; bile acid; C24-steroid; trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid
cyclotriphosphazene ester cyclotriphosphazene ester: hydraulic fluid. 1,3,5,2,4,6-triazatriphosphinine : An inorganic heteromonocyclic compound that is 1,3,5-triazine in which the carbon atoms have been replaced by phosphorus atoms. It was one of a series of compounds which was being developed for use as a fire-resistant hydraulic fluid.	2.01	1	0	inorganic aromatic compound; inorganic heteromonocyclic compound; nitrogen molecular entity; phosphorus molecular entity
6-deoxy-6-fluoroglucose 6-deoxy-6-fluoroglucose: RN given refers to (D)-isomer	2.06	1	0
alphaprodine Alphaprodine: An opioid analgesic chemically related to and with an action resembling that of MEPERIDINE, but more rapid in onset and of shorter duration. It has been used in obstetrics, as pre-operative medication, for minor surgical procedures, and for dental procedures. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1067)	1.94	1	0	piperidines
hydroquinidine hydroquinidine: urinary quinine metabolite; RN given refers to (9S)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4703	2.07	1	0	cinchona alkaloid
4,4-dimethyloxazoline 4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazoline: structure in first source	2.02	1	0
1-leucine-4-nitroanilide 1-leucine-4-nitroanilide: substrate for arylamidase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.96	1	0
methyl lactoside beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-OMe : A methyl glycoside comprising methyl beta-D-glucoside having an beta-D-galactosyl residue at the 4-position.	2.05	1	0	disaccharide derivative; methyl glycoside
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate: structure given in first source	2.11	1	0
prisma-fil heliobond: visible-light-curing monomer component of composite resins	2.08	1	0
1,2-dioxetane [no description available]	2.04	1	0
wye [no description available]	1.97	1	0
5-s-cysteinyldopamine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	S-conjugate
soyasaponin bb soyasaponin Bb: has activity against polycystic kidney disease; isolated from soybean; structure in first source. soyasaponin I : A triterpenoid saponin that is composed of soyasapogenol B having an alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid moiety attached at the 3-position via a glycosidic linkage.	2.05	1	0	carbohydrate acid derivative; pentacyclic triterpenoid; trisaccharide derivative; triterpenoid saponin	sialyltransferase inhibitor
7-fluoro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole [no description available]	2	1	0
a 82846a [no description available]	2.1	1	0
magnesium pyrophosphate magnesium pyrophosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd (2:1)	2.11	1	0
hexaamminecobalt(ii) hexaamminecobalt(II): RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0
n-(1-pyrenyl)iodoacetamide N-(1-pyrenyl)iodoacetamide: fluorescent reagent	1.98	1	0
phenoxy radical phenoxy radical : An organic radical generated from phenol.	2.01	1	0	organic radical
stannane [no description available]	2.06	1	0	mononuclear parent hydride; tin hydride
carbene carbene: electrically neutral species H2C: and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons; carbene is the name of the parent hydride :CH2 ; hence, the name dichlorocarbene for :CCl2. However, names for acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons containing one or more divalent carbon atoms are derived from the name of the corresponding all-4-hydrocarbon using the suffix -ylidene; methylene carbene also available. carbene : The electrically neutral species H2C(2.) and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons, which may be spin-paired (singlet state) or spin-non-paired (triplet state).	4.78	9	0	carbene; methanediyl
1-adamantaneacetic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0
phosphoramide phosphoramide: RN given refers to triamide. phosphoramide : A compound in which one or more of the OH groups of phosphoric acid have been replaced with an amino or substituted amino group. The term is commonly confined to the phosphoric triamides, P(=O)(NR2)3, since replacement of one or two OH groups produces phosphoramidic acids: P(=O)(OH)(NR2)2 , P(=O)(OH)2(NR2).	2	1	0
disiloxane [no description available]	2.05	1	0	siloxane
hypoiodous acid [no description available]	2.08	1	0	iodine oxoacid
peroxynitrous acid Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).	3.66	3	0	nitrogen oxoacid
perchlorate perchlorate: the explosive component of rocket fuel; an environmental contaminant that disrupts THYROID HORMONES. perchlorate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of perchloric acid.	3.37	6	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
1,3-indandione 1,2-indanedione: use for detection of latent fingerprints on porous surfaces; structure in first source	2.42	2	0
cyclopropanol [no description available]	7.63	2	0	aliphatic alcohol; cyclopropanes
1-aminoindan [no description available]	2.25	1	0
fullerene c60 Fullerenes: A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.. fullerene : A compound composed solely of an even number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycyclic system with twelve five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The term has been broadened to include any closed cage structure consisting entirely of three-coordinate carbon atoms.	3.32	6	0	fullerene	geroprotector
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	4.33	4	0	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
n-(n-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine N-(N-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine: inhibits calcium-activated neutral protease; see also record for E-64; RN given refers to (2-S-(2alpha,3beta)(R*)-isomer)	1.98	1	0	leucine derivative
dimyristoylphosphatidylserine [no description available]	2.01	1	0
tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine: RN given refers to L-isomer; this may not be the same as IMREG-1. Tyr-Gly-Gly : A tripeptide composed of one L-tyrosine and two glycine residues joined in sequence.	2.02	1	0	tripeptide zwitterion; tripeptide	metabolite
2-azidoadenosine 3',5'-diphosphate [no description available]	1.96	1	0
norketamine norketamine: metabolite of ketamine; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.99	1	0	organochlorine compound
proctolin proctolin: neurotransmitter in arthropods or invertebrates	1.98	1	0
p(3)-1-(2-nitro)phenylethyladenosine 5'-triphosphate P(3)-1-(2-nitro)phenylethyladenosine 5'-triphosphate: inert toward Na pump; can be incorporated into vesicles & on continuous irradiation forms ATP; structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
htr composite HTR composite: biocampatible composite of patented technology combining polymethylmethacrylate & polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate without addition of catalysts, inducers or impurities	2.07	1	0
cyclic adp-ribose Cyclic ADP-Ribose: A pyridine nucleotide that mobilizes CALCIUM. It is synthesized from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by ADP RIBOSE CYCLASE.	2.4	2	0	cyclic purine nucleotide; nucleotide-sugar	metabolite; ryanodine receptor agonist
benzoylarginine ethyl ester benzoylarginine ethyl ester: used as substrate for trypsin; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone 1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone: structure given in first source. 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one : A differentiation-inducing factor that is hexaphenone bearing two chloro substituents at positions 3 and 5, two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as a single methoxy substituent at position 4. A secreted, chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.	3.48	8	0	dichlorobenzene; differentiation-inducing factor; monomethoxybenzene; resorcinols	eukaryotic metabolite; signalling molecule
hydroxycitric acid hydroxycitric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.47	2	0	carbonyl compound
lysyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-leucine lysyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-leucine: retains type II surface membrane proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum; RN refers to all (L)-isomer	2	1	0
n-acetylneuraminoyllactose 3'-sialyllactose: structure in first source	1.97	1	0
coenzyme f420 coenzyme gamma-F420-2 : The amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of F420-0 with the amino group of L-gamma-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid.	2.68	3	0
glabridin [no description available]	2.1	1	0	hydroxyisoflavans	antiplasmodial drug
tetrahydrocurcumin tetrahydrocurcumin : A beta-diketone that is curcumin in which both of the double bonds have been reduced to single bonds.	2.1	1	0	beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; polyphenol	metabolite
desloratadine desloratadine: major metabolite of loratadine. desloratadine : Loratadine in which the ethoxycarbonyl group attached to the piperidine ring is replaced by hydrogen. The major metabolite of loratidine, desloratadine is an antihistamine which is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It does not readily enter the central nervous system, so does not cause drowsiness.	2.05	1	0	benzocycloheptapyridine	anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist
1-cyclopropyl-8-(difluoromethoxy)-7-(1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1h-5-isoindolyl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid methanesulfonate monohydrate T 3811ME: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
rubimaillin rubimaillin: structure given in first source. rubimaillin : A benzochromene that is 2H-benzo[h]chromene which is substituted by two methyl groups at position 2, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5, and a hydroxy group at position 6. Found in the Chinese medical plant Rubia cordifola, It has an anti-cancer effect by inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation. It is also a dual inhibitor of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 and 2 (ACAT1 and ACAT2), but is more selective for the ACAT2 isozyme.	2.31	1	0	benzochromene; methyl ester; phenols	acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; neuroprotective agent; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite
2-benzyl-3-formylpropanoic acid 2-benzyl-3-formylpropanoic acid: competitive inhibitor of carboxypeptidase A; structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
4-methylpiperazine-2,6-dione 4-methylpiperazine-2,6-dione: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
4'-bromophenacyl triflate [no description available]	2.02	1	0
4-methylumbelliferyl-6-sulfo-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-glucopyranoside 4-methylumbelliferyl-6-sulfo-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-glucopyranoside: used for diagnosis of B variants of GM2 gangliosidosis	2.02	1	0
3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)-2-quinolinecarboxaldehyde 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)-2-quinolinecarboxaldehyde: reagent for ultrasensitive determination of primary amines by capillary electrophoresis using laser fluorescence detection; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	benzoic acids; quinolines	fluorochrome
butyloxycarbonyl-phenylalanyl-leucyl-phenylalanyl-leucyl-phenylalanine butyloxycarbonyl-phenylalanyl-leucyl-phenylalanyl-leucyl-phenylalanine: formyl peptide antagonist and lipoxin A4 receptor antagonist	1.96	1	0
2-octynoyl-coenzyme a 2-octynoyl-coenzyme A: RN given in first source	1.97	1	0
ethoxyidazoxan ethoxyidazoxan: the ethoxy derivative of idazoxan	1.98	1	0
ectoine [no description available]	3.31	1	0	1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines; carboxamidine; monocarboxylic acid; zwitterion	osmolyte
7-goniofufurone 7-goniofufurone: from Goniothalamus giganteus; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
4-(n,n-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole 4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole: structure given in first source	2.1	1	0
methotrexate [no description available]	6.08	23	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
inositol-1,2-cyclic-4,5-triphosphate inositol-1,2-cyclic-4,5-triphosphate: formed upon thrombin stimulation of human platelets	1.97	1	0
griseolic acid griseolic acid: from Streptomyces griseoaurantiacus SANK 63479; structure given in first source	1.96	1	0
salvinorin a salvinorin A: from the herb, Salvia divinorum	2.02	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organooxygen compound	metabolite; oneirogen
methyl-beta-d-fructoside methylfructoside: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer	1.99	1	0
1-myristoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine 1-myristoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A phosphatidylcholine 30:0 in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are myristoyl (tetradecanoyl) and palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl) respectively.	2	1	0	1-acyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; phosphatidylcholine 30:0; tetradecanoate ester	mouse metabolite
sulperazone sulperazone: combination of above two cpds	2.03	1	0
sulbactam [no description available]	2.03	1	0	penicillanic acids
bis-benzimidazole bis-benzimidazole: in vitro inhibitor of arenavirus synthesis; studied in treatment of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infections; also used as its di-HCl salt, A37536; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure	2.08	1	0
n-(6-methoxy-8-quinolyl)-4-toluenesulfonamide [no description available]	1.98	1	0
olmesartan medoxomil Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION.	2.08	1	0	biphenyls
buthionine sulfoximine ethyl ester [no description available]	2.08	1	0
rupatadine rupatadine: structure given in first source; RN given refers to trihydrochloride	2.05	1	0	benzocycloheptapyridine
febuxostat Febuxostat: A thiazole derivative and inhibitor of XANTHINE OXIDASE that is used for the treatment of HYPERURICEMIA in patients with chronic GOUT.. febuxostat : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout.	3.11	4	0	1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid; aromatic ether; nitrile	EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
carbapenems [no description available]	2.6	1	0
lac dye lac dye: possible food coloring agent which is completely nontoxic at low doses; lac dye is water soluble constituent of stick lac (commercial lac resin); lac resin is hardened secretion of insect Laccifer lacca (lac insect). 4-{[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl}phenyl-beta-lactoside : A glycoside comprising beta-lactose having a p-(p-dimethylaminophenylazo)phenyl group at the 1-position.. LAC dye : A four-component mixture of dyes obtained from the secretions of the insect species Laccifer lacca. The four components of LAC are laccaic acids A, B, C and D of which laccaic acid A is the most abundant.	2.41	1	0	disaccharide derivative; glycoside; monoazo compound	dye
di-beta-(morpholinoethyl)selenide di-beta-(morpholinoethyl)selenide: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	2.17	1	0
triiodothyronine L-homocysteine thiolactone : A thiolactone arising from formal condensation of the mercapto (sulfanyl) and carboxylic acid groups of L-homocysteine.	1.97	1	0	tetrahydrothiophenes; thiolactone	human metabolite
dimethylselenoxide [no description available]	2.04	1	0
aspartame [no description available]	9.83	37	6	carboxylic acid; dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide; methyl ester	apoptosis inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; micronutrient; nutraceutical; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source	7.14	109	0	D-xylose
quinone methide quinone methide: intermediate in eumelanin biosynthesis; structure given in first source. quinomethane : A methylidenecyclohexadienone, formally derived from a benzoquinone by replacement of one of the quinone oxygens by a methylidene group.	2.75	3	0	quinomethane
duroquinol durohydroquinone : A member of the class of hydroquinones that is benzene-1,4-diol carrying four methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 5 and 6.	1.96	1	0	hydroquinones; methylbenzene	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; volatile oil component
beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.	8.42	7	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam
methaneboronic acid [no description available]	1.99	1	0
perrhenate perrhenate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of O4-Re	2.06	1	0	monovalent inorganic anion; rhenium oxoanion
3',4'-dihydroxyflavone 3',4'-dihydroxyflavone: inhibitors of arachidonic acid peroxidation	2.42	2	0
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	5.93	34	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae: The gourd plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is sometimes placed in its own order, Cucurbitales. 'Melon' generally refers to CUCUMIS; CITRULLUS; or MOMORDICA.	8.3	6	0
3-octylthio-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propanone 3-octylthio-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propanone: a pesticide synergist; inhibits juvenile hormone esterase	1.97	1	0
cdri 81-470 [no description available]	2.04	1	0
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.58	8	0	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	3.21	5	0	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
pneumocandin a(0) pneumocandin A(0): structure in first source; isolated from Zalerion aboricola	2.02	1	0
ezetimibe Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).	2.07	1	0	azetidines; beta-lactam; organofluorine compound	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite
3-methyloxindole [no description available]	1.96	1	0	methylindole; oxindoles
cyclohexyl methylphosphonic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0
n-benzoyltyrosine N-benzoyltyrosine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine : An N-acyl-L-tyrosine that is L-tyrosine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a benzoyl group.	1.99	1	0	benzamides; N-acyl-L-tyrosine
5-(3-pyridyl)tetrazole 5-(3-pyridyl)tetrazole: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.08	1	0
tyrosinamide tyrosinamide: RN given refers to (S)-isomer. L-tyrosinamide : An amino acid amide that is L-tyrosine in which the carboxy OH group is replaced by NH2.	6.92	1	0	amino acid amide; L-tyrosine derivative
ribulose ribulose: 5-carbon keto sugar; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line & Index Medicus search PENTOSES (75-85); RN given refers to (erythro)-isomer	3.39	6	0	ribulose	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
evodiamine [no description available]	2.72	3	0	beta-carbolines
menthyl chloroformate menthyl chloroformate: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,2beta,5alpha))-isomer	2	1	0
3-mercapto-2-methylpropionic acid 3-mercapto-2-methylpropionic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0
naphthyl glucuronide naphthyl glucuronide: RN given refers to D-glucosiduronic acid, 1-naphthyl	2.02	1	0
borneo Borneo: An island in the Malay Archipelago, east of Sumatra, north of Java, and west of Celebes. It is the third largest island in the world. Its name is a Portuguese alteration of BRUNEI, located on it. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p163; Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p73)	3.86	11	0	organofluorine acaricide
dmp 450 DMP 450: structure in first source	1.99	1	0
10-deacetylbaccatine iii 10-deacetylbaccatine III: structure given in first source	2.51	2	0	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid
phorbols Phorbols: The parent alcohol of the tumor promoting compounds from CROTON OIL (Croton tiglium).	1.96	1	0	diterpene; terpenoid fundamental parent
schizandrin a schizandrin A: the major lignan, 2-9%, of Schisandra plant; has hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and antineoplastic activities	2.08	1	0
vinylglycine vinylglycine: irreversible inhibitor of aspartate aminotransferase; structure. L-vinylglycine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid with a structure in which a vinyl group is bonded to the alpha-carbon of glycine.	2.01	1	0	glycine derivative; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 4.4.1.14 (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase) inhibitor
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	12.07	24	1	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
echinoside a echinoside A: RN given refers to Na salt; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	6.64	79	0	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
naphthalenediimide naphthalenediimide: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
atazanavir sulfate Atazanavir Sulfate: An azapeptide and HIV-PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.	3.46	1	1	organic sulfate salt
iturin d iturin D: isolated from Bacillus subtilis; strong antifungal activity against yeasts and fungi	2.15	1	0
gallium oxide gallium oxide: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	2.07	1	0
camphora camphora: a component of Guanxingao, a kind of traditional Chinese rubber electuary medicine which is able to either cure or guard against coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. (R)-camphor : The (R)- enantiomer of camphor.	2	1	0	camphor
rhodioloside [no description available]	2.04	1	0	glycoside
bacteriochlorin a bacteriochlorin a: photosensitizer agent in photodynamic therapy; RN given refers to (7S-(7-alpha,8beta,17beta,18alpha))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 9/90	2.01	1	0
tripchlorolide tripchlorolide: a chloro-tri-epoxide analog of triptolide; from woody part of the root of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook; structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
cerium sulfate [no description available]	2.02	1	0
indium trichloride indium trichloride: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.01	4	0
singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.	4.45	21	0	chalcogen; monoatomic oxygen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
peroxymonosulfate peroxymonosulfate: oxidizing agent in prevention of tooth discoloration; RN given refers to ion(2-)	2.06	1	0	sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
ukrain ukrain: a phytogenic antineoplastic agent; semisynthetic product from alkaloids of Chelidonium majus L. & thiophosphoric triaciridide acid	2	1	0
apovincaminic acid apovincaminic acid: structure in first source	2.39	2	0
fenton's reagent Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols	2.95	4	0
carbodiimides Carbodiimides: Compounds with the general formula RN=C=NR, where R is a hydrocarbyl group.. methanediimine : A carbodiimide in which both nitrogens are unsubstituted.	4.67	9	0	carbodiimide
alpha-methyl-beta-hydroxybutyrate 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid: metabolite from isoleucine; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acid : A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid which is substituted by a methyl group and a hydroxy group at positions 2 and 3, respectively.	1.96	1	0	3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid
cycloartane cycloartane : A triterpene that is lanostane in which there is a methylene bridge between the 5- and 9-positions.	7.03	1	0	triterpene
cortolone [no description available]	3.1	1	0	21-hydroxy steroid
stephanine stephanine: has high affinity for serotonin receptors; RN given refers to (R)-isomer; a precursor to Aristolochic Acids	2.06	1	0
oxypeucadanin oxypeucadanin: furanocoumarin from W. Afr. medicinal plant Clausena anisata; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. oxypeucedanin : A furanocoumarin that is 7H-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-7-one substituted by a [(2S)-3,3-dimethyloxiran-2-yl]methoxy group at position 4.	2.01	1	0	psoralens
3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate: do not confuse with 5-DAHP (5-dehydro-3-deoxyarabinoheptulosonic acid-7-phosphate) or with 2,4-DAHP (2,4-diaminohypoxanthine) which are also referred to as DAHP. 7-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonic acid : A ketoaldonic acid phosphate consisting of 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonic acid having a phospho group at the 7-position.	2.31	1	0	ketoaldonic acid phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite
isoflavanone isoflavanone: structure given in first source; RN from CA Index Guide. isoflavanone : Isoflavone in which the double bond between positions 2 and 3 has been reduced to a single bond.	2.25	1	0	isoflavanones
asimilobine asimilobine: from Nelumbro nucifera; RN given refers to (R)-isomer	2.25	1	0	aporphine alkaloid	metabolite
septonex Septonex: RN given refers to bromide	1.99	1	0
zirconium phosphate zirconium phosphate: reagent for carcinoembryonic antigen determination in plasma from patients having benign or malignant disease; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified ratio	2.03	1	0
20 beta-dihydroprogesterone 20 beta-dihydroprogesterone: 20 beta-isomer of DIHYDROPROGESTERONE; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 20-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one : A C21-steroid that is pregnane which contains a double bond between positions 4 and 5 and is substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and a hydroxy group at position 20.	2.04	1	0	20-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid
baeocystin baeocystin: from Psilocybe semilanceata. baeocystin : A tryptamine alkaloid that is N-methyltryptamine carrying an additional phosphoryloxy substituent at position 4.	1.98	1	0	organic phosphate; secondary amino compound; tryptamine alkaloid	fungal metabolite; hallucinogen
agrimonolide agrimonolide: anticestodal agent from Chinese medicinal plant Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb	2.25	1	0
pyropheophorbide a pyropheophorbide a: RN given refers to (3S-trans)-isomer	2.41	1	0
methylselenic acid methylseleninic acid : An organoselenium compound that is seleninic acid in which the hydrogen attached to selenium is replaced by a methyl group.	2.74	3	0	one-carbon compound; organoselenium compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite
myricanone myricanone: from stem bark of Myrica rubra; structure given in first source. Myricanone : A cyclic ketone isolated from the bark of Morella species and has been shown to exhibit cytotoxic activity against cancer cells.	2.15	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclic ketone; diarylheptanoid; methoxybenzenes; phenols	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
ag 3-5 icilin: a cooling compound that activates TRPM8	2.03	1	0	C-nitro compound
7-hydroxyamoxapine 7-hydroxyamoxapine: metabolite of amoxapine	2.07	1	0	dibenzooxazepine
isovitexin [no description available]	2.51	2	0	C-glycosyl compound; trihydroxyflavone	EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
erythrulose [no description available]	2.17	1	0	ketotetrose; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone
4'-hydroxybupivacaine 4'-hydroxybupivacaine: bupivacaine metabolite in serum & urine; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
acyloin [no description available]	1.93	1	0
desmethylnaproxen desmethylnaproxen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. desmethylnaproxen : A member of the class of naphthols that is naproxen in which the 6-methoxy group has been demethylated.	3.64	1	1
malabaricone b malabaricone B: from maize (Myristica fragrans); structure given in first source	2.49	2	0
chlorocarbonic acid [no description available]	2.77	3	0	organooxygen compound
calcium pyrophosphate [no description available]	1.98	1	0
tartrazine Tartrazine: An anionic, hydrophilic azo dye with an orange-yellow color used in fabrics, foods and cosmetics, and as a biological stain.. tartrazine : An organic sodium salt which is the trisodium salt of tartrazine acid. A synthetic lemon yellow azo dye used as a food colouring.	2.13	1	0
cupric hydroxide copper hydroxide: used as an antifungal agent	2.08	1	0	organic molecular entity
tetraphenylphosphonium tetraphenylphosphonium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tetraphenylphosphonium : A polyatomic cation consisting of four phenyl groups attached to a central phosphonium.	2.01	1	0	heteroorganic entity; phosphorus molecular entity; polyatomic cation
my 12-62c MY 12-62c: from Pseudomonas methanica KY4634. 2-heptyl-4-quinolone : A quinolone consisting of quinolin-4(1H)-one carrying a heptyl substituent at position 2.. 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline : A monohydroxyquinoline that is 4-hydroxyquinoline bearing an additional heptyl substituent at position 2.	2.1	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	antibacterial agent; iron chelator; metabolite; signalling molecule
ferric thiocyanate [no description available]	2.52	2	0
odoroside odoroside: obtained from Nerium oleander extract; structure in first source	2.15	1	0
n-(1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrrolidinyl)maleimide N-(1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrrolidinyl)maleimide: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	aminoxyls; dicarboximide; maleimides; pyrrolidines
paromomycin Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.	1.95	1	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
aligeron Aligeron: RN given refers to parent cpd; aligeron & AS 2 are for di-HCl	1.93	1	0
metaperiodate metaperiodate: RN given refers to periodic acid, Na salt; structure. periodate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of periodic acid.	3.09	5	0	iodine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
thiophosphoric acid thiophosphoric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.06	1	0	phosphorothioic acid
trimethylsilyldiazomethane trimethylsilyldiazomethane: reagent for organic synthesis	2.41	2	0
nordihydrocapsaicin [no description available]	2.41	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols
magnolin magnolin: from flower buds of Magnolia biondii	2.41	1	0
17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate 17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate: Hydroxyprogesterone derivative that acts as a PROGESTIN and is used to reduce the risk of recurrent MISCARRIAGE and of PREMATURE BIRTH. It is also used in combination with ESTROGEN in the management of MENSTRUATION DISORDERS.	2.04	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
bathocuproine disulfonate bathocuproine sulfonate: reagent for copper; RN given refers to parent cpd. bathocuproine disulfonic acid : A phenanthroline that consists of 1,10-phenanthroline bearing two methyl groups at position 2 and 9 as well as two 4-sulfophenyl groups at positions 4 and 7.. copper chelator : A chelator that is any compound containing a ligand (typically organic) which is able to form a bond to a central copper atom at two or more points.	2.49	2	0	arenesulfonic acid; phenanthrolines	chelator
5-methyl-2-pyrimidinone 5-methyl-2-pyrimidinone: structure given in first source	2.08	1	0
isopulegol isopulegol: isolated from Mentha cardiaca structure in first source	2.01	1	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid	metabolite
terics terics: medicated blocks used for control of cattle bloat; RN given is for teric N; nonylphenol ethoxylate is resistant to environmental breakdown so EPA discourages use	2.02	1	0
methyl protodioscin methyl protodioscin: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	3.86	12	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	2.67	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
campesterol campesterol: RN refers to (3beta,24R)-isomer; structure	1.96	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C28-steroid; phytosterols	mouse metabolite
4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofuran [no description available]	2.04	1	0
3-n-butyl-4,5-dihydrophthalide 3-N-butyl-4,5-dihydrophthalide: from seeds of Apium graveolens Linn.; RN given refers to (-)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.44	2	0
pinoresinol diglucoside pinoresinol diglucoside: major antihypertensive principle of Tu-Chung (Eucummia ulmoides, Oliver); structure	2.05	1	0
1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium: structure given in first source. 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium : A 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium in which the alkyl substituent at C-1 is ethyl.	2.31	1	0	1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	4.29	19	0
perlatolinic acid perlatolinic acid: C25-H32-O7; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	carbonyl compound
yomogin yomogin: eudesmane sesquiterpene from Artemisia princeps; inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase production in macrophages; structure in first source	2.06	1	0
lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.	13.36	1,239	0
erlotinib hydrochloride [no description available]	4.12	3	1	hydrochloride; terminal acetylenic compound	antineoplastic agent; protein kinase inhibitor
aromadendrene aromadendrene: do not confuse with aromadendrin	2.07	1	0	sesquiterpenoid
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.	4.28	19	0	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
zeneca zd 6169 Zeneca ZD 6169: an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
dioclein dioclein: isolated from the plant Dioclea grandiflora	2.11	1	0
vernodalin vernodalin: RN given for (3aR-(3aalpha,4alpha,5aalpha,9aalpha,9bbeta))-isomer; structure in first source	2.06	1	0	carbonyl compound
nickel monoxide [no description available]	1.96	1	0
psyllium Psyllium: Dried, ripe seeds of PLANTAGO PSYLLIUM; PLANTAGO INDICA; and PLANTAGO OVATA. Plantain seeds swell in water and are used as demulcents and bulk laxatives.	2.03	1	0	very long-chain fatty acid
sodium percarbonate [no description available]	2.04	1	0
scutellarin scutellarin: see scutellarein for aglycone. scutellarin : The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of scutellarein.	2.02	1	0	glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor
propargylglycine propargylglycine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.03	1	0
aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	4.41	20	0	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite
glycitin glycitin: structure in first source. glycitin : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 6, a hydroxy group at position 4' and a beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at position 7.	2.03	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; hydroxyisoflavone; methoxyisoflavone; monosaccharide derivative	plant metabolite
4-bromomethyl-7-acetoxycoumarin 4-bromomethyl-7-acetoxycoumarin: structure given in first source	1.96	1	0
isospaglumic acid isospaglumic acid: mediator in the sensitivity of animals to hyperbaric oxygenation; Naaxia is the tradename; apparently can have both a neuroprotective and a neurotoxic effect. Ac-Asp-Glu : A dipeptide composed of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid and L-glutamic acid joined by a peptide linkage.	1.97	1	0	dipeptide	human metabolite
vancosamine vancosamine: amino sugar from vancomycin	1.97	1	0
maltotriose Porcelite: a light-cured composite resin. alpha-maltotriose : A maltotriose trisaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the pyranose ring form and has alpha configuration at the anomeric carbon atom..	2	1	0	maltotriose trisaccharide	human metabolite
7-oxodehydroepiandrosterone 7-ketodehydroepiandrosterone : A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is dehydroepiandrosterone carrying an additional oxo group at position 7.	2.31	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 7-oxo steroid; androstanoid	human blood serum metabolite; nutraceutical; prohormone
glucopyranosylamine glucopyranosylamine: structure given in first source	7.01	1	0
carbocysteine Carbocysteine: A compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used as an anti-infective nasal spray with mucolytic and expectorant action.. S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine thioether that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a carboxymethyl group.	3.1	1	0	L-cysteine thioether; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	mucolytic
etravirine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aminopyrimidine; aromatic ether; dinitrile; organobromine compound	antiviral agent; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
maduramicin maduramicin: isolated from Actinomadura rubra	2.17	1	0
difructose anhydride iii difructose anhydride III: a non-reducing derivative of inulobiose	2.11	1	0	sugar dianhydride
fe(iii)-edta Fe(III)-EDTA: iron fortifying agent; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.96	1	0	iron coordination entity
3-hydroxy-5-estrane-17-carbonitrile 3-hydroxy-5-estrane-17-carbonitrile: RN refers to (3alpha,5alpha,17beta)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.72	3	0
chelidonine chelidonine: benzophenanthridine derived from scoulerine from Chelidonium majus; RN given refers to parent cpd (chelidonine, (5bR-(5balpha,6beta,12alpha))-isomer)	7.08	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; alkaloid fundamental parent; benzophenanthridine alkaloid
pronuciferine pronuciferine: alkaloid; structure in first source. (+)-pronuciferine : An isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Berberis coletioides.	2.25	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclic ketone; isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines; organic heterotetracyclic compound	plant metabolite
yh 1885 YH 1885: proton pump inhibitor; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
anabasine Anabasine: A piperidine botanical insecticide.. (S)-anabasine : The (S)-enantiomer of anabasine.. anabasine : A pyridine alkaloid that is pyridine substituted by a piperidin-2-yl group at position 3.	2.03	1	0	anabasine
prizes acetamiprid: structure in first source. (E)-acetamiprid : The (E)-stereoisomer of acetamiprid.. acetamiprid : A carboxamidine that is acetamidine in which the amino hydrogens are substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl and a methyl group while the hydrogen attached to the imino nitrogen is replaced by a cyano group.	2.1	1	0	carboxamidine; monochloropyridine; nitrile	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
deferasirox Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.	2.07	1	0	benzoic acids; monocarboxylic acid; phenols; triazoles	iron chelator
dabigatran Dabigatran: A THROMBIN inhibitor which acts by binding and blocking thrombogenic activity and the prevention of thrombus formation. It is used to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic EMBOLISM in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.. dabigatran : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{[(4-carbamimidoylphenyl)amino]methyl}-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid with the secondary amoino group of N-pyridin-2-yl-beta-alanine. The active metabolite of the prodrug dabigatran etexilate, it acts as an anticoagulant which is used for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism.	2.41	1	0	aromatic amide; benzimidazoles; beta-alanine derivative; carboxamidine; pyridines	anticoagulant; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
sorafenib [no description available]	2.31	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
dehydrotumulosic acid dehydrotumulosic acid: inhibits phospholipase A2; isolated from Poria cocos; structure in first source	2.17	1	0
demecolcine Demecolcine: An alkaloid isolated from Colchicum autumnale L. and used as an antineoplastic.. (-)-demecolcine : A secondary amino compound that is (S)-colchicine in which the N-acetyl group is replaced by an N-methyl group. Isolable from the autumn crocus, Colchicum autumnale, it is less toxic than colchicine and is used as an antineoplastic.	1.95	1	0	alkaloid; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent
cholic acid Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.	9.83	10	0	12alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; bile acid; C24-steroid; trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
erythritol [no description available]	3.97	14	0	butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol	antioxidant; human metabolite; plant metabolite
deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.	3.7	10	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human blood serum metabolite
delrin delrin: linear polyoxymethylene type acetal resin made by polymerization of formaldehyde; RN refers to multi-polymer	1.98	1	0
estradiol 3-benzoate 17beta-estradiol 3-benzoate : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol.	2.03	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; benzoate ester	estrogen receptor agonist; xenoestrogen
cortisone [no description available]	3.75	11	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
aspidospermine aspidospermine: an indole fused to a qunoline; isolated from Aspidosperma tree; structure given in first source. aspidospermine : An indole alkaloid having the structure of aspirospermidine methoxylated at C-17 and acetylated at N-1.	1.98	1	0	indole alkaloid
cellulose triacetate cellulose triacetate: for hemodialysis filtration	2.53	2	0
5-hydroxymethylfurfural 5-hydroxymethylfurfural: has antisickling activity; HMF is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural : A member of the class of furans that is furan which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively. Virtually absent from fresh foods, it is naturally generated in sugar-containing foods during storage, and especially by drying or cooking. It is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo.	3.48	7	0	arenecarbaldehyde; furans; primary alcohol	indicator; Maillard reaction product
5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol : An androstane-3,17-diol that is 5alpha-androstane substituted by beta-hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a metabolite of dihydrotestosterone.	3.1	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; androstane-3,17-diol	Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite
cortol [no description available]	3.1	1	0	21-hydroxy steroid
lanosterol [no description available]	2.94	4	0	14alpha-methyl steroid; 3beta-sterol; tetracyclic triterpenoid	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
21-hydroxypregnenolone 21-hydroxypregnenolone: RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer;. 21-hydroxypregnenolone : A hydroxypregnenolone that is pregnenolone which has been substituted by a hydroxy group at position 21.	3.1	1	0	21-hydroxy steroid; hydroxypregnenolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	mouse metabolite
2-hydroxyestradiol 2-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen; RN given refers to (17 beta)-isomer. 2-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 2-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 2.	3.1	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 2-hydroxy steroid	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug
epietiocholanolone epietiocholanolone : A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is 5beta-androstane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3beta and an oxo group at position 17. It is a metabolite of testosterone.	3.1	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid	androgen; animal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; rat metabolite
2-chlorobiphenyl 2-chlorobiphenyl: RN from Toxlit. 2-chlorobiphenyl : A monochlorobiphenyl carrying a single chloro substituent at position 2.. monochlorobiphenyl : A chlorobiphenyl carrying a single chloro substituent at unspecified position.. chlorobiphenyl : A chloroarene that consists of a biphenyl skeleton substituted by one or more chloro groups.	7.45	2	0	monochlorobiphenyl
melengestrol acetate Melengestrol Acetate: A 6-methyl PROGESTERONE acetate with reported glucocorticoid activity and effect on ESTRUS.	3.05	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
pheophorbide a pheophorbide a: split product of chlorophyll obtained by saponification of pheophytin	2.98	4	0
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	5.71	79	0
potassium bromide potassium bromide : A metal bromide salt with a K(+) counterion.	2.08	1	0	potassium salt
sodium bromide sodium bromide: RN given refers to parent cpd. sodium bromide : An inorganic sodium salt having bromide as the counterion.	2.48	2	0	bromide salt; inorganic sodium salt
lupeol [no description available]	7.88	3	0	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol	anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite
calendula Calendula: A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain CAROTENOIDS, essential oils (OILS, VOLATILE), flavonoids, mucilage, SAPONINS, and STEROLS. The plants are used both topically and internally. The common name of Marigold is also used for TAGETES.	2.47	2	0
tricaine tricaine: request from searcher; RN given refers to parent cpd. tricaine : A benzoate ester that is the ethyl ester of 3-aminobenzoic acid. Used (in the form of its methanesulfonate salt) as an anaesthetic for fish.. tricaine methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained by reaction of tricaine with one molar equivalent of methanesulfonic acid. Used as an anaesthetic for fish.	2.15	1	0	methanesulfonate salt	general anaesthetic
solanine Solanine: A mixture of alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine, found in SOLANACEAE plants.. solanine : A glycoalkaloid poison found in species of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), such as the potato (Solanum tuberosum). It is a trisccharide derivative of solanidine [(22beta)-solanid-5-en-3beta-ol].	2.11	1	0
withaferin a withaferin A: an antiestrogen and phytogenic antineoplastic agent isolated from leaves of Withania somnifera Dun.; structure. withaferin A : A withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergosta-2,24-diene-1,26-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 27 (the 4beta,5beta,6beta,22R stereoisomer). Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.	2	1	0	27-hydroxy steroid; 4-hydroxy steroid; delta-lactone; enone; epoxy steroid; ergostanoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol; withanolide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
cyclotriveratrylene cyclotriveratrylene: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
noscapine Noscapine: A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.. (-)-noscapine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which is substituted by a 4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl group at position 1, a methylenedioxy group at positions 6-7 and a methoxy group at position 8. Obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, it lacks significant painkilling properties and is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects.	1.94	1	0	aromatic ether; benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; cyclic acetal; isobenzofuranone; organic heterobicyclic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antitussive; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
homoharringtonine Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.	2.05	1	0	alkaloid ester; enol ether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; protein synthesis inhibitor
methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate [no description available]	2.47	2	0	catechols; methyl ester	antioxidant; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
2-oxindole 2-oxindole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. indolin-2-one : An indolinone carrying an oxo group at position 2.	7.77	3	0	gamma-lactam; indolinone
malabaricone a malabaricone A: from Myristica malabarica (rampatri), has antipromastigote activity; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
withanolides Withanolides: Ergostane derivatives of 28 carbons with oxygens at C1, C22, and C26 positions and the side chain cyclized. They are found in WITHANIA plant genus and have cytotoxic and other effects.	2.08	1	0
marmesin marmesin: RN given refers to (S)-isomer; nodakenetin is the (R)-isomer	1.94	1	0	marmesin
o-iodoxybenzoic acid o-iodoxybenzoic acid: structure in first source. 1-hydroxy-1,3-dioxobenziodoxole : A benziodoxole compound having hydroxy and oxo substituents at the 1-position and an oxo substituent at the 3-position. It is a mild and efficient hypervalent iodine synthetic reagent used to carry out several selective oxidation reactions.	2.02	1	0	benziodoxole	EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; oxidising agent
anthricin anthricin: antitumor constituent from Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm; structure in first source. deoxypodophyllotoxin : A member of the class of furonaphthodioxoles that is (5R,5aR,8aR)-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6(5aH)-one substituted at position 5 by a 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl group.	2.45	2	0	furonaphthodioxole; gamma-lactone; lignan; methoxybenzenes	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
plenolin plenolin: from Helenium microcephalum; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
phyllanthin [no description available]	2.48	2	0	lignan
ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	3.02	4	0	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas	antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
acetogenins Acetogenins: Polyketides of up to a few dozen carbons in length, formed by chain extension of multiple PROPIONATES and oxygenated to form tetrahydrofuran and lactone rings along the length of the chain. They are found in ANNONACEAE and other PLANTS. Related compounds cyclize to MACROLIDES.	2.07	1	0
mequindox Mequindox: a synthetic quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide derivative which can effectively improve growth and feed efficiency in animals; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
dihydropyridines Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.	2.77	3	0
methylmercuric chloride methylmercuric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	2.15	1	0	chlorine molecular entity; mercury coordination entity; one-carbon compound
povidone-iodine Povidone-Iodine: An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes.	4.36	4	0
p-hydroxyphenylglycine methyl ester p-hydroxyphenylglycine methyl ester: structure in first source	2.01	1	0
leupeptins Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.	1.95	1	0
carboplatin [no description available]	2.53	2	0
rimiterol rimiterol: was heading 1977-94 (see under CATECHOLS 1977-90); use CATECHOLS to search RIMITEROL 1977-94; predominantly a beta 2 stimulant, therefore affects the cardiovascular system less than isoproterenol, but its action is of shorter duration than that of albuterol	6.1	7	5	catechols
anatoxin a anatoxin a: found in Anabaena; was indexed to cyanobacterial toxin (MARINE TOXINS) 1978-2006; also see anatoxin-a(s)	2.49	2	0	tropane alkaloid
lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.	8.67	9	0	inorganic chloride; lithium salt	antimanic drug; geroprotector
leptomycin b [no description available]	2	1	0
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate: An aldotriose which is an important intermediate in glycolysis and in tryptophan biosynthesis.. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate : An aldotriose phosphate that is the 3-phospho derivative of glyceraldehyde. It is an important metabolic intermediate in several central metabolic pathways in all organisms.	2.13	1	0	glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate	mouse metabolite
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	4.17	17	0
xylulose-5-phosphate, (d)-isomer D-xylulose 5-phosphate : The D-enantiomer of xylulose 5-phosphate.	2.41	2	0	xylulose 5-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
glycerate 1,3-biphosphate 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl dihydrogen phosphate : The (R)-enantiomer of 3-phosphoglyceroyl dihydrogen phosphate.	1.99	1	0	2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid; acyl monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
sorbose sorbopyranose : The pyranose form of sorbose.. L-sorbopyranose : The L-stereoisomer of sorbopyranose.	1.94	1	0	L-sorbose; sorbopyranose
arabinose [no description available]	5.59	23	0	L-arabinose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
n-acetylneuraminic acid N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.	2.91	4	0	N-acetylneuraminic acids	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.	1.95	1	0	peptide
bradykinin [no description available]	3.54	8	0	oligopeptide	human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent
amylopectin Amylopectin: A highly branched glucan in starch.. amylopectin : A polydisperse highly branched polysaccharide derivative composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage. The chains are joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some 6-phosphate ester groups also may occur. The branches in amylopectin typically contain 24 to 30 glucose residues.	2.03	1	0
glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.	4.63	28	0	D-glucosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite
polygalacturonic acid galacturonic acid: N1 same as NM; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-galactopyranuronic acid : The pyranose form of D-galacturonic acid. D-galacturonic acid : The D-enantiomer of galacturonic acid. It is the main component of pectin.	3.23	6	0	D-galacturonic acid
elastin [no description available]	9.1	16	0	oligopeptide
carnosine polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth	2.02	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; dipeptide	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Daphnia magna metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent
mevalonic acid Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.	3.41	7	0	3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
formiminoglutamic acid Formiminoglutamic Acid: Measurement of this acid in the urine after oral administration of histidine provides the basis for the diagnostic test of folic acid deficiency and of megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy.. N-formimidoyl-L-glutamic acid : The N-formimidoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid	2.03	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; L-glutamic acid derivative
lyxose D-lyxose : Any lyxose having D-configuration.. D-lyxopyranose : The pyranose form of D-lyxose.	2.13	1	0	D-lyxose
raffinose Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.	2.88	4	0	raffinose family oligosaccharide; trisaccharide	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
naringenin (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.	4.85	10	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin	expectorant; plant metabolite
epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.	3.34	6	0
diaminopimelic acid Diaminopimelic Acid: A diamino derivative of heptanedioic acid with amino groups at C-2 and C-6 and the general formula (COOH)CH(NH2)CH2CH2CH2CH(NH2)(COOH).. LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid : A 2,6-diaminopimelic acid in which both chiral centres have S configuration. It is a component of bacterial cell wall.	2.13	1	0	2,6-diaminopimelic acid; amino acid zwitterion	Escherichia coli metabolite
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	2.69	3	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
laminaran beta-1,3-glucan: component of fungal cell walls; also used as antitumor polysaccharide; unspecified D usually means BETA-GLUCANS; beta-1,3-D-glucan is also available; glucan phosphate is also available; biosynthesis is inhibited by echinocandins (cyclic hexapeptides). laminarin : A polysaccharide composed of beta-(1->3)-linked glucose residues containing sporadic beta-(1->6)-linkages as branch points or inter-residue linkages and 2-3% D-mannitol at some reducing termini.	2.15	1	0
3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid: from S. miltiorhiza Bge; dilates coronary artery; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; catechols
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.	1.98	1	0	myo-inositol trisphosphate	mouse metabolite
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	3.21	6	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
salicin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; aryl beta-D-glucoside; benzyl alcohols	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
scopolin [no description available]	2.43	2	0	beta-D-glucoside; coumarins; monosaccharide derivative	plant metabolite
agaritine [no description available]	6.97	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; benzyl alcohols; carbohydrazide; L-glutamic acid derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
amastatin amastatin: structure; inhibits aminopeptidase. amastatin : A tetrapeptide comprising (2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-5-methylhexanoyl, L-valyl, L-valyl and L-aspartic acid units joined in sequence	2.45	2	0	tetrapeptide	EC 3.4.11.* (aminopeptidase) inhibitor; protease inhibitor
puromycin [no description available]	3.74	11	0	puromycins	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor; nucleoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor
taxifolin (+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.73	3	0	taxifolin	metabolite
n-carbobenzoxyglycylproline N-carbobenzoxyglycylproline: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; inhibits prolyl oligopeptidase	2.4	2	0	peptide
desmosterol Desmosterol: An intermediate in the synthesis of cholesterol.. desmosterol : A cholestanoid that is cholesta-5,24-diene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It is an intermediate metabolite obtained during the synthesis of cholesterol.	1.95	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C27-steroid; cholestanoid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
maltotetraose alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-D-Glcp : A maltotetraose tetrasaccharide consisting of three alpha-D-glucopyranose residues and a D-glucopyranose residue joined in sequence by (1->4) glycosidic bonds.	7.38	2	0	maltotetraose tetrasaccharide
tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of Serine Endopeptidases. Acts as alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.. N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone : The N-tosyl derivative of L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone.	1.95	1	0	alpha-chloroketone; sulfonamide	alkylating agent; serine proteinase inhibitor
tartaric acid tartaric acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-tartaric acid : The D-enantiomer of tartaric acid.	4.91	11	0	tartaric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
monoiodotyrosine Monoiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of tyrosine. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE), tyrosine is first iodized to monoiodotyrosine.. iodotyrosine : A tyrosine derivative which has at least one iodo-substituent on the benzyl moiety.. monoiodotyrosine : An iodotyrosine carrying a single iodo substituent.. 3-iodo-L-tyrosine : The monoiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying an iodo-substituent at position C-3 of the benzyl group.	2.87	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-tyrosine derivative; monoiodotyrosine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
protochlorophyllide Protochlorophyllide: A photo-active pigment localized in prolamellar bodies occurring within the proplastids of dark-grown bean leaves. In the process of photoconversion, the highly fluorescent protochlorophyllide is converted to chlorophyll.. protochlorophyllide : An analogue of chlorophyll that lacks the phytol side-chain. The parent of the protochlorophyllide class.	2.03	1	0
nitroarginine Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.	1.98	1	0	guanidines; L-arginine derivative; N-nitro compound; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
inositol 3-phosphate inositol 3-phosphate: RN given refers to (myo)-isomer	2.4	2	0
2-hydroxyestrone 2-hydroxyestrone: catechol estrogen which is a major metabolite of estradiol in man & animals; RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-hydroxyestrone : A 2-hydroxy steroid that is estrone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.	3.1	1	0	2-hydroxy steroid; catechols	human metabolite
dehydroascorbic acid Dehydroascorbic Acid: The reversibly oxidized form of ascorbic acid. It is the lactone of 2,3-DIKETOGULONIC ACID and has antiscorbutic activity in man on oral ingestion.. L-dehydroascorbate : An organic anion and the conjugate base of L-dehydroascorbic acid, arising from deprotonation of the acidic C2-position.. L-dehydroascorbic acid : Dehydroascorbic acid having the L-configuration.	7.4	2	0	dehydroascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; mouse metabolite
cortodoxone Cortodoxone: 17,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid with glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory activities.. 11-deoxycortisol : A deoxycortisol that is cortisol in which the hydroxy group at position 11 has been replaced by a hydrogen.	2.91	4	0	deoxycortisol; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
eriodictyol eriodictyol: structure. eriodictyol : A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.	2.46	2	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; tetrahydroxyflavanone
(+)-limonene (4R)-limonene : An optically active form of limonene having (4R)-configuration.	2	1	0	limonene	plant metabolite
arbutin hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.	7.69	3	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
cellulase Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	13.67	214	0	cellotriose
psicose, (d)-isomer [no description available]	2.63	2	0	monosaccharide
iduronate Iduronic Acid: Component of dermatan sulfate. Differs in configuration from glucuronic acid only at the C-5 position.. iduronic acid : A member of the class of iduronic acids that is the major uronic acid component of the dermatan sulfate and heparin.. idopyranuronic acid : The pyranose form of iduronic acid.. L-idopyranuronic acid : The L-stereoisomer of idopyranuronic acid.. L-iduronic acid : Any iduronic acid having L-configuration.	2.39	2	0	idopyranuronic acid; L-iduronic acid
strychnine Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.	4.02	14	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	avicide; cholinergic antagonist; glycine receptor antagonist; neurotransmitter agent; rodenticide
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	2.68	3	0	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
conessine conessine : A steroid alkaloid that is con-5-enine substituted by a N,N-dimethylamino group at position 3. It has been isolated from the plant species of the family Apocynaceae.	7.07	1	0	steroid alkaloid; tertiary amino compound	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; H3-receptor antagonist; plant metabolite
meropenem Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.	3.01	2	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; carbapenemcarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; drug allergen
griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.	3.35	7	0	1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite
monensin Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle.	4.65	6	1	cyclic hemiketal; monocarboxylic acid; polyether antibiotic; spiroketal	antifungal agent; coccidiostat; ionophore
mycothiol mycothiol: a glyco-inositol-cysteine found in MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS which conjugates exogenous compounds for detoxication; it is a microbe counterpart to eucaryotic GLUTATHIONE; acted on by mycothiol disulfide reductase and mycothiol S-conjugate amidase and MDF dehydrogenase;. mycothiol S-conjugate : Any S-conjugate of mycothiol.. mycothiol : A pseudodisaccharide, 1D-myo-inosityl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, in which the hydroxy group at the 2-position of the glucose moiety is replaced by an (N-acetyl-L-cysteinyl)amido group.	3.11	1	0
digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.	4.47	5	1	cardenolide glycoside	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
saquinavir Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.	2.1	1	0	L-asparagine derivative; quinolines	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
pentazocine Pentazocine: The first mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic to be marketed. It is an agonist at the kappa and sigma opioid receptors and has a weak antagonist action at the mu receptor. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1991, p97)	3.47	2	0	benzazocine
hyperforin hyperforin: a prenylated acylphloroglucinol derivative; antibiotic component of novoimanine; psychoactive agent in St. John's wort; Russian; structure;. hyperforin : A cyclic terpene ketone that is a prenylated carbobicyclic acylphloroglucinol derivative produced by St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum.	2.92	4	0
abacavir abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.	7.06	1	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; drug allergen; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
epiandrosterone epiandrosterone : A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is (5alpha)-androstane substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17.	3.1	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite
mometasone furoate Mometasone Furoate: A pregnadienediol derivative ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT that is used in the management of ASTHMA and ALLERGIC RHINITIS. It is also used as a topical treatment for skin disorders.	2.47	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 2-furoate ester; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; organochlorine compound; steroid ester	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
linezolid [no description available]	3.76	2	0	acetamides; morpholines; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone	antibacterial drug; protein synthesis inhibitor
norpseudoephedrine norpseudoephedrine: major metabolite of diethylpropion in man under acidic urine conditions; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation;. cathine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1S,2S-stereoisomer).	2.06	1	0	amphetamines; phenethylamine alkaloid	central nervous system stimulant; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug
phalloidine Phalloidine: Very toxic polypeptide isolated mainly from AMANITA phalloides (Agaricaceae) or death cup; causes fatal liver, kidney and CNS damage in mushroom poisoning; used in the study of liver damage.. phalloidin : A homodetic bicyclic heptapeptide having a sulfide bridge.	1.95	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide
convallatoxin convallatoxin: PI: *CONVALLARIA (73-79). convallatoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that consists of strophanthidin having a 6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl (L-rhamnosyl) group attached at position 3.	2.34	2	0	14beta-hydroxy steroid; 19-oxo steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; steroid aldehyde; steroid lactone	metabolite; vasodilator agent
furostanol i furostanol I: from Dioscorea deltoidea; intermediate in in vivo diosgenin biosynthesis; structure given in first source. protodioscin : A spirostanyl glycoside that consists of the trisaccharide alpha-L-Rha-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Rha-(1->2)]-beta-D-Glc attached to position 3 of 26-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3beta,22-dihydroxyfurost-5-ene via a glycosidic linkage. Found in several plant species including yams, asparagus and funugreek.	2.11	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; cyclic hemiketal; pentacyclic triterpenoid; steroid saponin; trisaccharide derivative	metabolite
ginsenoside rf ginsenoside Rf: from ginseng. ginsenoside Rf : A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.42	2	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
cimifugin cimifugin: isolated from Saposhnikovia divaricatae; structure in first source	2.08	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle
2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone: from Aquilaria sinensis; structure given in first source. 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone : A member of the class of chromones that is chromone which is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group at position 2. It is found in agarwood, a fragrant resinous heartwood obtained from certain trees in the genus Aquilaria.	2.07	1	0	benzenes; chromones	plant metabolite
carnosol carnosol: isolated from Lepechinia hastata	7.57	2	0	diterpenoid
brucine brucine: was heading 1991-94 (see under STRYCHNINE 1975-90); DIMETHOXYSTRYCHNINE was see BRUCINE 1975-94; use STRYCHNINE to search BRUCINE 1975-94; very toxic alkaloid from Nux vomica similar to strychnine; used as reagent in analytical chemistry; was MH 1991-94	2.43	2	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound
stevioside stevioside: Kaurene glucoside from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana; 300 times as sweet as sugar. stevioside : A diterpene glycoside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the allylic beta-D-glucoside has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. It is a natural herbal sweetener that is 250-300 times sweeter than sucrose (though with a bitter aftertaste), extracted from the Stevia rebaudiana plant native to South America.. diterpene glycoside : A terpene glycoside in which the terpene moiety is a diterpenoid.	7.49	2	0	beta-D-glucoside; bridged compound; diterpene glycoside; ent-kaurane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sweetening agent
decursin decursin: activates protein kinase C; isolated from the root of Angelica gigas; RN given for (S)-isomer; structure in first source	2.01	1	0	coumarins
bakkenolide a bakkenolide A: structure	2.07	1	0	sesquiterpenoid
patchouli alcohol patchouli alcohol: major component of the essential oil of patchouli; perfumery raw material. patchouli alcohol : A carbotricyclic compound and sesquiterpenoid tertiary alcohol that is tricyclo[5.3.1.0(3,8)]undecan-3-ol which is substituted at positions 2, 2, 6 and 8 by methyl groups (the 1R,3R,6S,7S,8S-diastereoisomer).	2.04	1	0
naringin [no description available]	4.65	8	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; neohesperidoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
swertiamarin swertiamarin: seco-iridoid glucoside from Swertia japonica;	2.11	1	0	glycoside
ochratoxin a ochratoxin A: structure in first source & in Merck, 9th ed, #6549. ochratoxin A : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum.	3.46	7	0	isochromanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acyl-L-phenylalanine; organochlorine compound; phenylalanine derivative	Aspergillus metabolite; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; mycotoxin; nephrotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; teratogenic agent
5,6,7-trimethoxyflavone baicalein 5,6,7-trimethyl ether: stimulates fatty acid beta-oxidation; structure in first source. 5,6,7-trimethoxyflavone : A trimethoxyflavone that is the 5,6,7-trimethyl ether derivative of baicalein. It has been isolated from the plant Callicarpa japonica and has been shown to exhibit antiviral activity.	2.06	1	0	trimethoxyflavone	anti-HSV-1 agent; plant metabolite
jacobine jacobine: RN given refers to (15alpha,20S)-isomer; structure	2.11	1	0	pyrrolizine alkaloid
alpha-chaconine alpha-chaconine: glycoside of solanidine; structure in 5th source	2.11	1	0	glycoalkaloid; steroid saponin
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	13.32	87	1
acriflavine Acriflavine: 3,6-Diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride mixt. with 3,6-acridinediamine. Fluorescent dye used as a local antiseptic and also as a biological stain. It intercalates into nucleic acids thereby inhibiting bacterial and viral replication.	8.21	6	0
1-alpha-terpineol (S)-(-)-alpha-terpineol : The (S)-enantiomer of alpha-terpineol.	3.1	1	0	alpha-terpineol	plant metabolite
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.	2.7	3	0	tripeptide
geniposidic acid [no description available]	2.41	2	0	terpene glycoside
clindamycin phosphate [no description available]	2.76	3	0
diprenorphine Diprenorphine: A narcotic antagonist similar in action to NALOXONE. It is used to remobilize animals after ETORPHINE neuroleptanalgesia and is considered a specific antagonist to etorphine.	3.49	2	0	morphinane alkaloid
sodium arsenite sodium arsenite : An inoganic sodium salt with formula with formula NaAsO2.	2.77	3	0	arsenic molecular entity; inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; herbicide; insecticide; rodenticide
fengycin fengycin: lipopeptide from Bacillus subtilis	2.51	2	0	cyclodepsipeptide
valnemulin valnemulin: a pleuromutilin derivative	2.06	1	0	carbotricyclic compound; carboxylic ester; cyclic ketone
daunorubicinol daunorubicinol: main metabolite of daunomycin. (13S)-13-dihydrodaunorubicin : The (13S)-diastereomer of 13-dihydrodaunorubicin.	2	1	0	13-dihydrodaunorubicin
ergonovine Ergonovine: An ergot alkaloid (ERGOT ALKALOIDS) with uterine and VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contractile properties.. ergometrine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is lysergamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-hydroxypropan-2-yl group (S-configuration). An ergot alkaloid that has a particularly powerful action on the uterus, its maleate (and formerly tartrate) salt is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced.	1.94	1	0	ergot alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	diagnostic agent; fungal metabolite; oxytocic; toxin
vinpocetine vinpocetine: whole issue of Arzneim Forsch (23 articles) discuss this drug; Arzneim Forsch 26(10a);1976; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	2.39	2	0	alkaloid	geroprotector
sultamicillin sultamicillin: contains ampicillin & sulbactam	2.03	1	0	penicillanic acid ester
darifenacin darifenacin : 2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence.	2.1	1	0	1-benzofurans; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidines	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	5.47	61	0	cyclodextrin
maleic acid maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.	2.11	1	0	butenedioic acid	algal metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
acetyl coenzyme a Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.	5.19	15	0	acyl-CoA	acyl donor; coenzyme; effector; fundamental metabolite
e-z cinnamic acid cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid	3.55	8	0	cinnamic acid	plant metabolite
ergosterol [no description available]	5.32	17	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols	fungal metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	5.63	9	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	8.87	12	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
alpha-cyclodextrin alpha-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of six alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.	2.4	2	0	cyclodextrin
fumaric acid fumaric acid: see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters. fumaric acid : A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	2.95	4	0	butenedioic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
farnesol Farnesol: A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). (2-trans,6-trans)-farnesol : The (2-trans,6-trans)-stereoisomer of farnesol.. farnesol : A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1.	1.95	1	0	farnesol	plant metabolite
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	10.43	18	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	6.99	24	1	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
1,2-dilauroylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-dilauroylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+) : A A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+) that is the dilauroyl diester of phosphatidiylcholine.	2.11	1	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+)
cyanoginosin lr cyanoginosin LR: cyclic heptapeptide from cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. microcystin-LR : A microcystin consisting of D-alanyl, L-leucyl, (3S)-3-methyl-D-beta-aspartyl,L-arginyl, 2S,3S,4E,6E,8S,9S)-3-amino-4,5,6,7-tetradehydro-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldecanoyl, D-gamma-glutamyl, and 2,3-didehydro-N-methylalanyl residues joined into a 25-membered macrocycle. Produced by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, it is the most studied of the microcystins.	2.43	2	0	microcystin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
palmitoleic acid hexadecenoate : A long-chain unsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of hexadecenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	2.31	1	0	hexadec-9-enoic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human blood serum metabolite
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	6.42	53	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	4.22	6	0	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
farnesyl pyrophosphate farnesyl pyrophosphate: a sesquiterpene that dimerizes to SQUALENE; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate : The trans,trans-stereoisomer of farnesyl diphosphate.	2.01	1	0	farnesyl diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	5.51	20	0	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.	12.53	71	0	D-galactopyranuronic acid
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	12.08	34	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.	3.02	4	0	icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.	2.15	1	0	butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	4.28	5	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.	8.02	4	0
keratan sulfate Keratan Sulfate: A sulfated mucopolysaccharide initially isolated from bovine cornea. At least two types are known. Type I, found mostly in the cornea, contains D-galactose and D-glucosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit; type II, found in skeletal tissues, contains D-galactose and D-galactosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit.. keratan sulfate : A sulfated glycosaminoglycan, a linear polymer that consists of the repeating disaccharide [3)-beta-Gal-(1->4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1->] and containing sulfo groups located at random positions.. keratan 6'-sulfate : A keratan sulfate with random sulfation at the 6'-position.	2.41	2	0
lycopene [no description available]	7.95	4	0	acyclic carotene	antioxidant; plant metabolite
fosfomycin Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.	2.41	2	0	epoxide; phosphonic acids	antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	4.45	6	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
2-butenal crotonaldehyde : An enal consisting of propene having a formyl group at the 1-position.	2.39	2	0	enal
gw 3965 GW 3965: a liver X receptor ligand	2.11	1	0	diarylmethane
t0901317 T0901317: an LXRalpha and LXRbeta agonist	2.11	1	0
benzoylecgonine benzoylecgonine: cocaine is benzoyl methyl ecgonine; RN given refers to (1R-(exo,exo))-isomer; structure. ecgonine benzoate : A benzoate ester metabolite of cocaine formed by hydrolysis of the methyl ester group, catalysed by carboxylesterases.	7.95	4	0	benzoate ester; tropane alkaloid	epitope; human xenobiotic metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
prostaglandin d2 Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer).	1.96	1	0	prostaglandins D	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
isradipine coelenteramide: part of blue fluorescent protein; structure in first source	2.13	1	0	pyrazines	oxidized luciferins
diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.	4.49	4	0	olefinic compound; polyphenol	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen
ethyl methylphosphonic acid ethyl methylphosphonic acid: urinary sarin metabolite	2.05	1	0
zeatin Zeatin: An aminopurine factor in plant extracts that induces cell division. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dict, 5th ed)	2.21	1	0	zeatin	plant metabolite
gs 4071 GS 4071: The acid form.. oseltamivir acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3, 4, and 5 by pentan-3-yloxy, acetamido, and amino groups, respectively (the 3R,4R,5S enantiomer). An antiviral drug, it is used as the corresponding ethyl ester prodrug, oseltamivir, to slow the spread of influenza.	2.08	1	0	acetate ester; amino acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; marine xenobiotic metabolite
imidazolidines [no description available]	2.98	4	0	azacycloalkane; imidazolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
acid fuchsin acid fuchsin: RN refers to disodium salt. acid fuchsin : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 2-amino-5-[(4-amino-3-sulfophenyl)(4-imino-3-sulfocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-3-methylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid. It is used in the Van Gieson method in conjunction with picric acid to demonstrate collagen fibres red, and in Masson's trichrome to colour smooth muscle in contrast to collagen.	2.05	1	0
steviol steviol: aglucon of stevioside; RN given refers to (4alpha)-isomer. steviol : An ent-kaurane diterpenoid that is 5beta,8alpha,9beta,10alpha-kaur-16-en-18-oic acid in which the hydrogen at position 13 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.25	1	0	bridged compound; ent-kaurane diterpenoid; monocarboxylic acid; tertiary allylic alcohol; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent
iridoids Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).	4.67	26	0
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	3.46	8	0	actinomycin	mutagen
gamma-sitosterol clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.	3.7	9	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols	marine metabolite; plant metabolite
lyso-pc 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A lysophosphatidylcholine 16:0 in which a hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl) group is attached to the glycero moiety at position 1.	2.1	1	0	1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; lysophosphatidylcholine 16:0	mouse metabolite
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	1.98	1	0	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
enkephalin, leucine Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.	2.67	3	0	pentapeptide; peptide zwitterion	analgesic; delta-opioid receptor agonist; human metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; rat metabolite
tenofovir tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.	2.57	2	0	nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
posaconazole [no description available]	2.48	2	0	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxolanes; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	trypanocidal drug
l 743,872 [no description available]	2.17	1	0
euscaphic acid euscaphic acid: isolated from medicinal plant, Euscaphis japonica Pax.; structure; RN given refers to 2alpha,3alpha-isomer. euscaphic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is urs-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 19 respectively (the 2alpha,3alpha-stereoisomer). It has been isolated from the leaves of Rosa laevigata.	2.04	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; triol	plant metabolite
negletein negletein: structure in first source	2.44	2	0	ether; flavonoids
micafungin Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy.	2.41	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; echinocandin	antiinfective agent
8-prenylnaringenin 8-prenylnaringenin: a phytogenic antineoplastic agent; structure in first source. sophoraflavanone B : A trihydroxyflavanone that is (S)-naringenin having a prenyl group at position 8.	2.04	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; trihydroxyflavanone	plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor
riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).	4.49	23	0	flavin; vitamin B2	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
n,n'-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid N,N'-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid: from Actinomycetes MG417-CF17; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
likviriton liquiritin: isoalted from Glycyrrhizae radix. liquiritin : A flavanone glycoside that is liquiritigenin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4' via a glycosidic linkage.	2.06	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; flavanone glycoside; monohydroxyflavanone; monosaccharide derivative	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; plant metabolite
potassium thiocyanate potassium thiocyanate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-CHNS. potassium thiocyanate : A potassium salt which is the monopotassium salt of thiocyanic acid.	2.69	3	0	potassium salt
potassium permanganate Potassium Permanganate: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed)	3.36	7	0
sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.	6.66	18	0	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antacid; food anticaking agent
potassium acetate Potassium Acetate: A potassium salt used to replenish ELECTROLYTES, for restoration of WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE, as well as a urinary and systemic alkalizer, which can be administered orally or by intravenous infusion. Formerly, it was used in DIURETICS and EXPECTORANTS.. potassium acetate : A potassium salt comprising equal numbers of potassium and acetate ions	2.43	2	0	potassium salt	food acidity regulator
sodium acetate, anhydrous Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.	4.19	16	0	organic sodium salt	NMR chemical shift reference compound
sodium benzoate Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.	2.04	1	0	organic sodium salt	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
ammonium carbonate ammonium carbonate: see also record for ammonium bicarbonate (mono-NH4 salt)	2.43	2	0
ammonium acetate ammonium acetate : An ammonium salt obtained by reaction of ammonia with acetic acid. A deliquescent white crystalline solid, it has a relatively low melting point (114degreeC) for a salt. Used as a food acidity regulator, although no longer approved for this purpose in the EU.	11.6	75	0	acetate salt; ammonium salt	buffer; food acidity regulator
zn(ii)-phthalocyanine [no description available]	1.99	1	0	metallophthalocyanine; zinc tetrapyrrole	fluorochrome
dipyrone Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.	2.96	4	0	organic sodium salt	anti-inflammatory agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug; prodrug
sodium perchlorate sodium perchlorate : An inorganic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and perchlorate ions.	2.73	3	0	inorganic sodium salt
3-methyl-2,4-nonanedione 3-methyl-2,4-nonanedione: structure in first source	7.06	1	0	beta-diketone
oxazolidine oxazolidine: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	oxazolidine
bromochloroacetic acid Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.	3.58	9	0	2-bromocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound
calix(4)arene calix(4)arene: a cyclophane consisting of four phenolic units linked by methylene groups; structure in first source	2.76	3	0
chavibetol chavibetol: isolated from essential oil of Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus leaf; structure in first source	2.08	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols
tolfenamic acid tolfenamic acid: structure. tolfenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-chloro-2-methylphenyl group. Tolfenamic acid is used specifically for relieving the pain of migraine. It also shows anticancer activity.	2	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
2-diphenylphosphinopyridine 2-diphenylphosphinopyridine: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
iron tetraphenylporphyrin [no description available]	1.96	1	0
crotonic acid crotonic acid: a stereospecific unsaturated carboxylic acid found in CROTON OIL. butenoic acid : Any C4, straight-chain fatty acid containing one double bond.. crotonic acid : A but-2-enoic acid with a trans- double bond at C-2. It has been isolated from Daucus carota.	2.17	1	0	2-butenoic acid	plant metabolite
rhapontin rhapontin: constituent of rhubarb rhizome	2.13	1	0	rhaponticin	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
cinnamaldehyde 3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer.. (E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes.	4.92	8	1	3-phenylprop-2-enal; cinnamaldehydes	antifungal agent; EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sensitiser; vasodilator agent
elaidic acid [no description available]	1.99	1	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	food component
3-coumaric acid 3-coumaric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation in Chemline. trans-3-coumaric acid : A 3-coumaric acid that is phenol substituted with trans-2-propenoic acid at position C-3.. 3-coumaric acid : A monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-3 of the phenyl ring.	2.05	1	0	3-coumaric acid
trans-4-coumaric acid hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.. 4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring.	3.86	11	0	4-coumaric acid	food component; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
geraniol [no description available]	3.51	2	0	3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol; monoterpenoid; primary alcohol	allergen; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
dimethyl fumarate [no description available]	2.11	1	0	diester; enoate ester; methyl ester	antipsoriatic; immunomodulator
glycosides [no description available]	8.8	199	0
chalcone trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone.	3.3	6	0	chalcone	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor
sinapinic acid sinapinic acid: a matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption technique for protein MW determination; a constituent of propolis. trans-sinapic acid : A sinapic acid in which the double bond has trans-configuration.	2.75	3	0	sinapic acid	MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	9.56	224	0	isomethyleugenol
crotononitrile crotononitrile: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.04	1	0	nitrile
retinaldehyde Retinaldehyde: A diterpene derived from the carotenoid VITAMIN A which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is the prosthetic group of RHODOPSIN (i.e., covalently bonded to ROD OPSIN as 11-cis-retinal). When stimulated by visible light, rhodopsin transforms this cis-isomer of retinal to the trans-isomer (11-trans-retinal). This transformation straightens-out the bend of the retinal molecule and causes a change in the shape of rhodopsin triggering the visual process. A series of energy-requiring enzyme-catalyzed reactions convert the 11-trans-retinal back to the cis-isomer.. all-trans-retinal : A retinal in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	3.4	7	0	retinal; vitamin A	gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
piperine piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.	2.91	3	0	benzodioxoles; N-acylpiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary carboxamide	food component; human blood serum metabolite; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite
retinol acetate retinol acetate: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	acetate ester
squalene Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate	8.48	8	0	triterpene	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	6.47	54	0	stilbene
2'-hydroxychalcone 2'-hydroxychalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2'.	2.44	2	0	chalcones; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent
phenyl-n-tert-butylnitrone phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone: a spin-trapping agent	2.08	1	0
xanthohumol xanthohumol: from hop plant, Humulus lupulus. xanthohumol : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2' and 4', a methoxy group at position 6' and a prenyl group at position 3'. Isolated from Humulus lupulus, it induces apoptosis in human malignant glioblastoma cells.	2.03	1	0	aromatic ether; chalcones; polyphenol	anti-HIV-1 agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.20 (diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase) inhibitor; metabolite
sorbic acid Sorbic Acid: Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.. (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid : A sorbic acid having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans. It is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometric isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.. sorbic acid : A hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring.	2.72	3	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; sorbic acid
ricinoleic acid ricinoleic acid: RN given refers to (R-(Z))-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8005. ricinoleic acid : A (9Z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid in which the 12-hydroxy group has R-configuration..	1.92	1	0	(9Z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid
citraconic acid citraconic acid: was MH 1975-92 (see under MALEATES 1975-90); METHYLMALEIC ACID was see CITRACONIC ACID 1975-92; use MALEATES to search CITRACONIC ACID 1975-92; RN refers to (Z)-isomer; SO refers to (E)-isomer. citraconic acid : A dicarboxylic acid consisting of maleic acid having a methyl substituent at the 2-position.	2.86	3	0	dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	human metabolite
flavin-adenine dinucleotide Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)	6.26	15	0	flavin adenine dinucleotide; vitamin B2	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prosthetic group
cocaethylene cocaethylene: RN given refers to (1R-(exo,exo))-isomer; cocaine metabolite produced in vivo when cocaine and ethanol are taken together; as potent as cocaine in blocking uptake of the neurotransmitter dopamine synapses	2.05	1	0	benzoate ester
cannabidiol Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.	3.61	5	0	olefinic compound; phytocannabinoid; resorcinols	antimicrobial agent; plant metabolite
arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.	2.04	1	0	vasopressin	cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen
pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.	4.32	20	0	diphosphate ion
dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R,S))-isomer. sphinganine 1-phosphate : A sphingoid 1-phosphate that is the monophosphorylated derivative of sphinganine.	2.45	2	0	sphingoid 1-phosphate	mouse metabolite
dodecylphosphocholine dodecylphosphocholine: phospholipase A2 inhibitor; RN refers to chloride. dodecylphosphocholine : A phosphocholine that is the monododecyl ester of phosphocholine	2.69	3	0	phosphocholines	detergent
amygdalin [no description available]	2.01	1	0
polidocanol Polidocanol: An alkyl polyglycol ether of LAURYL ALCOHOL, chemically defined as an alcohol ethoxylate having an average alkyl chain of 12–14 carbon atoms, and an ethylene oxide chain of 9 ethylene oxide units. It is used as a detergent, and medically as a local anesthetic, and as a sclerosing agent for the treatment of ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC VARICES and VARICOSE VEINS.. polidocanol : A hydroxypolyether that is nonaethylene glycol in which one of the terminal hydroxy functions is substituted by a lauryl (dodecyl) group.	2	1	0	hydroxypolyether	hepatotoxic agent; nonionic surfactant; sclerotherapy agent
fludarabine [no description available]	2.75	3	0	purine nucleoside
propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.	2.35	2	0	pyrimidinethione	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist
nsc 4347 NSC 4347: structure in first source	4.92	10	0
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	7.29	122	0
dienestrol Dienestrol: A synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen structurally related to stilbestrol. It is used, usually as the cream, in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal symptoms.. dienestrol : An olefinic compound that is hexa-2,4-diene substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 4 respectively.	3.1	1	0
mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.	1.94	1	0	aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
ag-213 tyrphostin 47: inhibits protein-tyrosine kinase activity of EGF-R both in vitro and in living cells;	1.99	1	0
caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.	4.31	18	0	caffeic acid	geroprotector; mouse metabolite
methyl caffeate methyl caffeate: from plant Gaillardia pulchella. methyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester formed by the formal condensation of caffeic acid with methyl alcohol.	2.05	1	0	alkyl caffeate ester; methyl ester
captax captax: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol : 1,3-Benzothiazole substituted at the 2-position with a sulfanyl group.	3.1	1	0	aryl thiol; benzothiazoles	carcinogenic agent; metabolite
3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid : A methoxycinnamic acid with three methoxy substituents at the 3-, 4- and 5-positions.	7.4	2	0
isoferulic acid isoferulic acid: isomer of ferulic acid; structure. isoferulic acid : A ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 4 and 3 respectively on the phenyl ring.	2.05	1	0	ferulic acids	antioxidant; biomarker; metabolite
phenylalanine methyl ester phenylalanine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. methyl L-phenylalaninate : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the methyl ester of L-phenylalanine.	7.35	2	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-phenylalanine derivative
isoeugenol trans-isoeugenol : The trans-stereoisomer of isoeugenol.	7.15	1	0	isoeugenol	plant metabolite
cotinine Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.	3.17	5	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid	antidepressant; biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
flunarizine Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.	1.98	1	0	diarylmethane
thiothixene [no description available]	3.1	1	0	N-methylpiperazine	anticoronaviral agent
dieldrin Dieldrin: An organochlorine insecticide whose use has been cancelled or suspended in the United States. It has been used to control locusts, tropical disease vectors, in termite control by direct soil injection, and non-food seed and plant treatment. (From HSDB). dieldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of aldrin. It is the active metabolite of the proinsecticde aldrin.	3.35	7	0	epoxide; organochlorine compound; organochlorine insecticide	carcinogenic agent; xenobiotic
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	4.94	33	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
thiouracil Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group.	6.92	1	0	nucleobase analogue; thiocarbonyl compound	antithyroid drug; metabolite
triethylammonium cation triethylammonium ion : An organoammonium cation having three ethyl substituents on the nitrogen atom.	2.07	1	0	ammonium ion derivative
1-isonicotinoyl-4-(2-tolyl)thiosemicarbazide 1-isonicotinoyl-4-(2-tolyl)thiosemicarbazide: structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
cinnarizine Cinnarizine: A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS.	2.67	3	0	diarylmethane; N-alkylpiperazine; olefinic compound	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
sulindac Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.	2.41	2	0	monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	analgesic; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; tocolytic agent
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	5.77	20	1	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
levocetirizine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	diarylmethane
terbinafine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	acetylenic compound; allylamine antifungal drug; enyne; naphthalenes; tertiary amine	EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
coniferyl alcohol coniferyl alcohol: structure. coniferol : A phenylpropanoid that is one of the main monolignols, produced by the reduction of the carboxy functional group in cinnamic acid and the addition of a hydroxy and a methoxy substituent to the aromatic ring.	2.06	1	0	guaiacols; phenylpropanoid	animal metabolite; monolignol; mouse metabolite; pheromone; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
allylthiourea [no description available]	3.12	5	0	thioureas	metabolite
tosylarginine methyl ester Tosylarginine Methyl Ester: Arginine derivative which is a substrate for many proteolytic enzymes. As a substrate for the esterase from the first component of complement, it inhibits the action of C(l) on C(4).	1.95	1	0	guanidines; L-arginine ester; methyl ester; sulfonamide
oxazolone Oxazolone: Immunologic adjuvant and sensitizing agent.	2.07	1	0
drotaverin drotaverin: Hungarian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.46	2	0	isoquinolines
caryophyllene oxide caryophyllene oxide: has butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity; structure in first source. epoxide : Any cyclic ether in which the oxygen atom forms part of a 3-membered ring.	2.5	2	0	epoxide	metabolite
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	10.83	27	0	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman [no description available]	2.02	1	0
acetylthiourea acetylthiourea: RN given refers to parent cpd. N-acetylthiourea : A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by an acetyl group.	2.05	1	0	acetamides; thioureas
thiobarbituric acid thiobarbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-thiobarbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid in which the oxygen at C-2 is replaced by sulfur.	2.71	3	0	barbiturates	allergen; reagent
thiosemicarbazide thiosemicarbazide: glutamate decarboxylase antagonist; structure given in first source. hydrazinecarbothioamide : A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which a hydrogen of one of the amino groups is replaced by an amino group.	3.1	5	0	hydrazines; thiocarboxamide; thioureas
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.	11.74	33	2	one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas	antioxidant; chromophore
safranine t safranin O : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-diamino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium as the counterion. It is commonly used for staining Gram negative bacteria.	2.45	2	0	organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; histological dye
indigo carmine Indigo Carmine: Indolesulfonic acid used as a dye in renal function testing for the detection of nitrates and chlorates, and in the testing of milk.. indigo carmine : An organic sodium salt resulting from the formal condensation of indigo carmine (acid form) with two equivalents of sodium hydroxide. It is an indicator at pH 11.5-14, changing from blue to yellow.	2.54	2	0
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	6.87	52	0	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
ponceau s Ponceau S : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3-hydroxy-4-({2-sulfo-4-[(4-sulfophenyl)diazenyl]phenyl}diazenyl)naphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid.	1.99	1	0	organic sodium salt; organosulfonate salt	fluorochrome; histological dye
potassium oxonate potassium oxonate: used to induce hyperuricemia in mice	2.07	1	0	organic molecular entity
sodium ethoxide sodium ethoxide : An organic monosodium salt that has ethoxide as the counterion.	2.97	4	0	organic sodium salt	nucleophilic reagent
4-amino-5-hydrazino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol 4-amino-5-hydrazino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol: for detection of aldehydes as a spray reagent; structure	3.31	2	0
thioacetamide Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.	2.8	3	0	thiocarboxamide	hepatotoxic agent
unithiol Unithiol: A chelating agent used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning.	2.43	2	0
tempo TEMPO: structure. TEMPO : A member of the class of aminoxyls that is piperidine that carries an oxidanediyl group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 2, 2, 6, and 6, respectively.	3.15	5	0	aminoxyls; piperidines	catalyst; ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
2-thiocytosine 4-amino-2-mercaptopyrimidine: structure in first source	2.15	1	0
brij-58 Cetomacrogol: Non-ionic surfactant of the polyethylene glycol family. It is used as a solubilizer and emulsifying agent in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, often as an ointment base, and also as a research tool.	2.03	1	0
tungsten carbide tungsten carbide: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF	2.47	2	0
aflatoxin b aflatoxin B2: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. aflatoxin B2 : An aflatoxin having a hexahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	2.02	1	0	aflatoxin
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.	5.44	8	0	cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope
fumonisin b1 fumonisin B1: isolated from Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826; structure given in first source; has cancer-promoting activity; inhibits ceramide synthase. fumonisin B1 : A diester that results from the condensation of the 1-carboxy groups of two molecules of propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid with hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 of (2S,3S,5R,10R,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,5,10,14,15-pentol.	7.71	3	0	diester; fumonisin; primary amino compound; triol	carcinogenic agent; metabolite
fumonisin b2 fumonisin B2: produced by Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826; structure given in first source; has cancer-promoting ability. fumonisin B2 : A fumonisin that is (2S,3S,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,14,15-triol in which the hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 have each been esterified by condensation with the 1-carboxy group of 3-carboxyglutaric acid (giving a 3-carboxyglutarate ester group with R configuration in each case).	2.41	2	0	diester; diol; fumonisin; primary amino compound	Aspergillus metabolite; carcinogenic agent
tamoxifen [no description available]	2.92	4	0	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin [no description available]	2.41	2	0
sodium taurodeoxycholate Taurodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier.. taurodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.. taurodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurodeoxycholic acid.	2.17	1	0	bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite
4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride: structure in first source	2.02	1	0
tocopherylquinone tocopherylquinone: RN refers to (3R-(3R,7R,11R*))-isomer; structure	2.04	1	0
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride: structure in first source	2.13	1	0
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium: structure in first source. 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium : A 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium in which the alkyl substituent at C-1 is butyl.	2.5	2	0	1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium
1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium: structure in first source. 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium : A 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium in which the alkyl substituent at C-1 is hexyl.	2.07	1	0	1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium
1-hexylpyridinium [no description available]	2.01	1	0
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate: structure in first source	2.78	3	0
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [no description available]	3.16	5	0
1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium: structure in first source. 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium : A 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium in which the alkyl substituent at C-1 is dodecyl.	2.06	1	0	1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium
1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate: is a nonaqueous ionic liquid	2.1	1	0
nadp [no description available]	7.02	62	0
galactal galactal: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure	1.95	1	0	anhydrohexose; glycal
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	7.97	182	0
ethionamide Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.	1.97	1	0	pyridines; thiocarboxamide	antilipemic drug; antitubercular agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor; leprostatic drug; prodrug
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2h-tetrazolium 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone: structure in first source. 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone : A quinolone consisting of quinolin-4(1H)-one carrying a heptyl substituent at position 2 and a hydroxy group at position 3.	2.1	1	0	quinolone	signalling molecule
1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate: an ionic liquid; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
fusidic acid Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.	2.88	4	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; steroid acid; steroid antibiotic; sterol ester	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
artemotil artemotil: structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.1	1	0	artemisinin derivative
lincomycin Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.	2.38	2	0	carbohydrate-containing antibiotic; L-proline derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; S-glycosyl compound	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
valinomycin Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.	9.1	16	0	cyclodepsipeptide; macrocycle	antimicrobial agent; antiviral agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore
thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	3.09	5	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic
estrone sulfate estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0	17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
ranitidine Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.	3.59	8	0	C-nitro compound; furans; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound	anti-ulcer drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; H2-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
toremifene Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.	1.98	1	0	aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amine	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
thioformamide thiocarboxamide : Any primary amide having its amide oxygen replaced by sulfur.	3.13	1	0
laccase Laccase: A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products.	8.31	115	0
pica Pica: The persistent eating of non-nutritive substances for a period of at least one month.	2.68	3	0
alpha-nicotyrine alpha-nicotyrine: metabolite of tobacco alkaloids in liver; structure	2.05	1	0	pyridines
6-oxopiperidine-2-carboxylate 6-oxopiperidine-2-carboxylic acid: associated with penicillin V from Penicillium chrysogenum; structure given in first source. 6-ketopiperidine-2-carboxylic acid : A delta-lactam that is piperidine-2-carboxylic acid substituted at position 6 by an oxo group.	2.01	1	0	delta-lactam; monocarboxylic acid	bacterial metabolite
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	6.94	40	0	alkali metal atom
zineb Zineb: An agricultural fungicide of the dithiocarbamate class. It has relatively low toxicity and there is little evidence of human injury from exposure.. zineb : A polymeric complex of zinc with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. Formerly used as an agricultural fungicide for the control of downy mildews and rusts, its use is no longer permitted in the US or the EU.	2.03	1	0	dithiocarbamate salt; macromolecule; zinc coordination entity	antifungal agrochemical
n-ethylthiourea [no description available]	1.96	1	0	thioureas
cobaltous chloride cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.	2.77	3	0	cobalt salt; inorganic chloride	allergen; calcium channel blocker; sensitiser; two-colour indicator
nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface.	5.77	16	0	nitrogen oxide
maneb Maneb: Manganese derivative of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate. It is used in agriculture as a fungicide and has been shown to cause irritation to the eyes, nose, skin, and throat.. maneb : A polymeric complex of manganese with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. An agrochemical fungicide, it is used to control a variety of diseases including blight, leaf spot, rust, downy mildew and scab.	2.03	1	0
octabromobiphenyl octabromobiphenyl: fire retardant; 27858-07-7 (cpd with unspecified bromine locants)	2.05	1	0
droloxifene [no description available]	1.98	1	0	stilbenoid
orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.	2.42	2	0	beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative	anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
quinine [no description available]	5.01	13	0	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
kaurenoic acid kaurenoic acid: isolated from leaves of Montanoa tomentosa; structure given in first source. ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid : An ent-kaurane diterpenoid that is ent-kauran-19-oic acid in which a double bond is present at position 16(17); exhibits anticancer and anti-HIV 1 activity.	2.01	1	0
azoxystrobin azoxystrobin: a methoxyacrylate analog; a strobilurin fungicide; structure given in first source. azoxystrobin : An aryloxypyrimidine having a 4,6-diphenoxypyrimidine skeleton in which one of the phenyl rings is cyano-substituted at C-2 and the other carries a 2-methoxy-1-(methoxycarbonyl)vinyl substituent, also at C-2. An inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration by blocking electron transfer between cytochromes b and c1, it is used widely as a fungicide in agriculture.	2.46	2	0	aryloxypyrimidine; enoate ester; enol ether; methoxyacrylate strobilurin antifungal agent; methyl ester; nitrile	antifungal agrochemical; environmental contaminant; mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor; quinone outside inhibitor; xenobiotic
nitenpyram nitenpyram: a nitromethylene neonicotinoid insecticide; structure in first source. (E)-nitenpyram : A nitenpyram in which the double bond has E configuration.. nitenpyram : A C-nitro compound consisting of 2-nitroethene-1,1-diamine where one of the nitrogens bears ethyl and (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl while the other nitrogen carries a methyl group.	2.1	1	0	chloropyridyl insecticide; nitenpyram
methyl radical [no description available]	8.01	4	0	organic radical
3-diazotyramine [no description available]	1.98	1	0
4-(1h-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)piperidine 4-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)piperidine: structure in first source	2.11	1	0	piperidines
cystine [no description available]	2.63	3	0
sch 23390 SCH 23390: a selective D1-receptor antagonist. SCH 23390 : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1, a methyl substituent at position 3, a chloro substituent at position 7 and a hydroxy substituent at position 8.	3.55	2	0	benzazepine
mureidomycin b mureidomycin B: from Streptomyces flavidovirens; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
hirsutine [no description available]	2.06	1	0
3-dodecanoylpropanediol-1-phosphorylcholine 3-dodecanoylpropanediol-1-phosphorylcholine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.95	1	0
rasagiline [no description available]	3.7	1	0	indanes; secondary amine; terminal acetylenic compound	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
safingol safingol: RN given refers to the (R-(R,S))-isomer	2.03	1	0	amino alcohol
valmane valtrates (combination): from Valerianaceae species; combination of valtratum, acevaltratum & didrovaltratum; structure (valtratum)	2.17	1	0
ha 1100 HA 1100: intracellular calcium antagonist	2.03	1	0
5-nitroso-salicylate 5-nitroso-salicylate: metabolite of 5-aminosalicylic acid	1.96	1	0	hydroxybenzoic acid
tempo carboxylic acid tempo carboxylic acid: structure given in first source. 4-carboxy-TEMPO : A member of the class of aminoxyls that is TEMPO carrying a carboxy group at position 4.	2.17	1	0	aminoxyls; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid	MRI contrast agent; radical scavenger; spin label
dynorphin a, destyr(1)-destrp(14)-desasp(15)-desasn(16)-desglu(17)- dynorphin A, desTyr(1)-desTrp(14)-desAsp(15)-desAsn(16)-desGlu(17)-: antagonizes morphine analgesia	1.99	1	0
calixarenes Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name.	10.16	14	0
3'-p-hydroxypaclitaxel 3'-p-hydroxypaclitaxel: metabolite of paclitaxel; structure in first source	1.98	1	0
18-crown-6 2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid 18-crown-6 2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid: structure in first source; RN given for (2R,3R,11,12)-isomer	3.14	5	0
allatostatin 1 allatostatin 1: inhibits juvenile hormone synthesis; from reproductively active females	1.98	1	0
olivomycins Olivomycins: A mixture of several closely related glycosidic antibiotics obtained from Actinomyces (or Streptomyces) olivoreticuli. They are used as fluorescent dyes that bind to DNA and prevent both RNA and protein synthesis and are also used as antineoplastic agents.	1.94	1	0
amanitins Amanitins: Cyclic peptides extracted from carpophores of various mushroom species. They are potent inhibitors of RNA polymerases in most eukaryotic species, blocking the production of mRNA and protein synthesis. These peptides are important in the study of transcription. Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanitia phalloides, poisonous if ingested by humans or animals.	2.39	2	0
cytellin cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982	7.56	28	2
silicon nitride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
salinomycin salinomycin: from Streptomyces albus; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.47	2	0	polyketide; spiroketal	animal growth promotant; potassium ionophore
sakurasosaponin sakurasosaponin: from Jacquinia flammea; structure in first source	2.46	2	0
ginsenosides ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.	4	13	0
ru 42173 RU 42173: structure given in first source	3.47	1	1	benzazepine
phosphothreonine Phosphothreonine: The phosphoric acid ester of threonine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and enzymes.. O-phospho-L-threonine : A L-threonine derivative phosphorylated at the side-chain hydroxy function.	1.98	1	0	L-threonine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	5.64	25	0
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	8.21	99	1	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
lithium acetate lithium acetate : An acetate salt comprising equal numbers of acetate and lithium ions.	2.02	1	0	acetate salt; organic lithium salt
crocin crocin: a free radical scavenger	2.05	1	0
galactomannan galactomannan: a galectin inhibitor. galactomannan : A heteroglycan consisting of a mannan backbone with galactose side groups.	2.08	1	0	oligosaccharide
dimethyldithiocarbamate Dimethyldithiocarbamate: A chemical that acts as a dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibitor. Its salts are agricultural fungicides. It is inferior to diethyldithiocarbamate as a chelating agent.. dimethyldithiocarbamate : A member of the class of dithiocarbamate anions resulting from the removal of the proton from the dithiocarbamic acid moiety of dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. The major species at pH 7.3.	2.43	2	0	dithiocarbamate anions
2,4-dihydroxyheptadec-16-enyl acetate 2,4-dihydroxyheptadec-16-enyl acetate: isolated from avocado; structure in first source	2	1	0	long-chain fatty alcohol
mtt formazan MTT formazan: a blue MEM-insoluble mitochondrial byproduct; used to determine viability of cells with active mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymes	3.69	3	0
6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool.	2	1	0	quinoxaline derivative
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine: structure. 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine : A C-nitro compound that is phenylhydrazine substituted at the 2- and 4-positions by nitro groups.	7.4	2	0	C-nitro compound; phenylhydrazines	reagent
zinc protoporphyrin ix [no description available]	2.41	2	0
2,4-dihydroxyheptadec-16-ynyl acetate 2,4-dihydroxyheptadec-16-ynyl acetate: isolated from avocado; structure in first source	2	1	0	long-chain fatty alcohol
homoserine lactone homoserine lactone: a putative signal for starvation in E. coli; structure in first source. homoserinium lactone : The conjugate acid of homoserine lactone; major species at pH 7.3.. homoserine lactone : A butan-4-olide having an amino substituent at the 2-position.	2.03	1	0	ammonium ion derivative; organic cation
alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.	5.11	46	0
4-(3-isothiocyanatopyrrolidin-1-yl)-7-(n,n-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole 4-(3-isothiocyanatopyrrolidin-1-yl)-7-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
17-ketosteroids 17-Ketosteroids: Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17.. 17-oxo steroid : Any oxo steroid carrying the oxo group at position 17.	3.55	9	0
naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.	5.83	30	0
sodium borohydride sodium borohydride: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.84	11	0	inorganic sodium salt; metal tetrahydridoborate
digitoxigenin Digitoxigenin: 3 beta,14-Dihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digitoxin. Synonyms: Cerberigenin; Echujetin; Evonogenin; Thevetigenin.. digitoxigenin : A 5beta-cardenolide that is 5beta-cardanolide with hydroxy substituents at the 3beta- and 14beta-positions and double bond unsaturation at C(20)-C(22).	3.1	1	0	14beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid
citramalate citramalate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. citramalate(2-) : A dicarboxylic acid dianion that is obtained by removal of a proton from both of the carboxylic acid groups of citramalic acid.	2.41	1	0	dicarboxylic acid dianion	human metabolite; plant metabolite
triacetone triperoxide triacetone triperoxide: very sensitive explosive	2.44	2	0
cathepsin g Cathepsin G: A serine protease found in the azurophil granules of NEUTROPHILS. It has an enzyme specificity similar to that of chymotrypsin C.	7	1	0
rhodamine 123 Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.	2.96	4	0	organic cation; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
myelin basic protein Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.	3.06	5	0
nitrocatechol nitrocatechol: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-phallacidin 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-phallacidin: fluorescent probe for actin	1.96	1	0
diclofenac sodium Diclofenac Sodium: The sodium form of DICLOFENAC. It is used for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.. diclofenac sodium : The sodium salt of diclofenac.	2.02	1	0	organic sodium salt
2-mercaptoacetate 2-mercaptoacetate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0	monocarboxylic acid anion
1,2-diamino-4-nitrobenzene 1,2-diamino-4-nitrobenzene: reagent for determination of selenium in milk with gas chromatograph. 4-nitro-1,2-phenylenediamine : The primary amino compound that is 1,2-phenylenediamine (o-phenylenediamine) substituted at the 4- (para-) position by a nitro group.	2.93	4	0	C-nitro compound; primary amino compound
3-hydroxychromone 3-hydroxychromone: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
fraxin fraxin: found in Fraxinus excelsior leaves; structure given in first source. fraxin : A beta-D-glucoside that is fraxetin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl group at position 8 via a glycosidic linkage. It is a natural product isolated from the leaves of Fraxinus excelsior and exhibits potent hepatoprotective effects in vitro and in vivo.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; beta-D-glucoside; hydroxycoumarin	anti-inflammatory agent; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
fraxetin fraxetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is 6-methoxycoumarin in which the hydrogens at positions 7 and 8 have been replaced by hydroxy groups.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; hydroxycoumarin	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; apoptosis inhibitor; Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent
5,6-dehydrokawain 5,6-dehydrokawain: from Alpinia speciosa rhizoma; RN given for cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	2.21	1	0	2-pyranones; aromatic ether
quercetin 3-o-glucuronide quercetin 3-O-glucuronide: structure in first source. miquelianin : A quercetin O-glycoside that consists of quercetin attached to a beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Salvia and Phaseolus vulgaris, it exhibits antioxidant and antidepressant activities.	2.03	1	0	beta-D-glucosiduronic acid; quercetin O-glycoside	antidepressant; antioxidant; metabolite
catechin gallate catechin gallate: structure in first source. (+)-catechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3S)-hydroxy group of (+)-catechin.	2.03	1	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	metabolite
gallocatechin-3-gallate gallocatechin gallate: structure in first source. (+)-gallocatechin gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3S)-hydroxy group of (+)-gallocatechin.	2.03	1	0	catechin; gallate ester; polyphenol	plant metabolite
sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.	5.99	20	0	sphing-4-enine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
quercetin [no description available]	8.3	81	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
ubiquinone q2 Ubiquinone Q2: interacts with iron atom to form acceptor quinone complex; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	2.13	1	0	ubiquinones
bilirubin [no description available]	7.16	47	0	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	6.78	55	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	3.65	9	0	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
bergaptol 5-hydroxyfurocoumarin : A furanocoumarin which bears a hydroxy group at position 5.	2.03	1	0	5-hydroxyfurocoumarin; psoralens
coniferin coniferin : A monosaccharide derivative that is coniferol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; cinnamyl alcohol beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative	plant metabolite
biochanin a [no description available]	2.53	2	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
formononetin [no description available]	2.57	2	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
sinapine sinapine: black mustard seeds, seeds of Brassica nigra; RN given refers to parent; structure. sinapine : An acylcholine in which the acyl group specified is sinapoyl.	2.4	2	0	acylcholine	antioxidant; photosynthetic electron-transport chain inhibitor; plant metabolite
vitexin [no description available]	2.77	3	0	C-glycosyl compound; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor
acacetin 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of apigenin.	2.15	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	anticonvulsant; plant metabolite
apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.	10.45	18	0	trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
luteolin [no description available]	4.4	19	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	4.92	35	0	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes	2.42	2	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol	antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
pinosylvin pinosylvin: phytoalexin found in pine and eucalyptus	2.04	1	0	pinosylvin
psychosine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	glycosylsphingoid	human metabolite
quercitrin [no description available]	8.43	7	0	alpha-L-rhamnoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antileishmanial agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
scopoletin [no description available]	3.78	3	0	hydroxycoumarin	plant growth regulator; plant metabolite
vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.	3.06	5	0
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	6.26	33	1	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.	8.23	6	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
thromboxane a2 Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.	2.21	1	0	epoxy monocarboxylic acid; thromboxanes A	mouse metabolite
sinapyl alcohol sinapyl alcohol: has anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties; structure in first source. trans-sinapyl alcohol : Sinapyl alcohol in which the configuration of the propenyl double bond is E. It is one of the main monolignols.. sinapyl alcohol : A primary alcohol, being cinnamyl alcohol hydroxylated at C-4 and methoxylated at C-3 and -5.	2.06	1	0	sinapyl alcohol	monolignol
retinol palmitate retinol palmitate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. retinyl palmitate : A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds.. all-trans-retinyl palmitate : An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol. It is used in cosmetic products to treat various skin disorders such as acne, skin aging, wrinkles, dark spots, and also protect against psoriasis.	2.6	1	0	all-trans-retinyl ester; retinyl palmitate	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
coniferaldehyde coniferaldehyde: from aqueous extract of Senra incana. coniferyl aldehyde : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is cinnamaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.	2.15	1	0	cinnamaldehydes; guaiacols; phenylpropanoid	antifungal agent; plant metabolite
feruloyltyramine feruloyltyramine: structure given in first source; isolated from Cannabis sativa seeds, roots, leaves, and resin; induces hypothermia and motor incoordination in mice; moupinamide is (E)-isomer	2.13	1	0	tyramines	metabolite
hymecromone Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID.	4.24	5	0	hydroxycoumarin	antineoplastic agent; hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor
luteolin-7-glucoside luteolin-7-glucoside: has both antiasthmatic and antineoplastic activities; has 3C protease inhibitory activity; isolated from Ligustrum lucidum. luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.07	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	antioxidant; plant metabolite
gossypetin gossypetin: inhibits activity of penicillinase enzyme in E coli. gossypetin : A hexahydroxyflavone having the hydroxy groups placed at the 3-, 3'-, 4'-, 5- 7- and 8-positions.	2.1	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
rosin rosin: Resin from plant. Do not confuse with the specific compound: 3-phenyl-2-propenyl-(E)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, also know as rosin.	7.25	1	0
quercetin 3-o-methyl ether quercetin 3-O-methyl ether: from Rhamnus species; structure in first source. 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone : A tetrahydroxyflavone having the 4-hydroxy groups located at the 3'- 4'- 5- and 7-positions as well as a methoxy group at the 2-position.	2.07	1	0	monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone	antimicrobial agent; metabolite
apigetrin apigetrin: structure given in first source. apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is apigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.06	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; dihydroxyflavone; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antibacterial agent; metabolite; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
furylfuramide Furylfuramide: Used formerly as antimicrobial food additive. It causes mutations in many cell cultures and may be carcinogenic.. (Z)-2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide : A member of the class of acrylamides that is acrylamide which is substituted at positions 2 and 3 by 2-furyl and 5-nitro-2-furyl groups, respectively (the trans isomer). Formerly used as a food preservative, it was withdrawn from the market following suspicions of carcenogenicity.	2.01	1	0	acrylamides; C-nitro compound; nitrofuran antibiotic; primary carboxamide
alprostadil [no description available]	3.08	5	0	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 5(S)-HETE : A HETE having a (5S)-hydroxy group and (6E)-, (8Z)-, (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds.. 5-HETE : A HETE having a 5-hydroxy group and (6E)-, (8Z)-, (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds.	1.96	1	0	HETE	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
apiin apiin: structure. apiin : A beta-D-glucoside having a beta-D-apiosyl residue at the 2-position and a 5,4'-dihydroxyflavon-7-yl moiety at the anomeric position.	2	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; dihydroxyflavone; glycosyloxyflavone	EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
vitamin d 2 Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.	3.8	3	0	hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-ergostane; vitamin D	bone density conservation agent; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; rodenticide
stigmasterol stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol: isolated from freeze-dried powder of Blackberries (Rubus ursinus L.) which showed an activity on inhibition of chemocarcinogen. stigmasterol : A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions.	8.92	12	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol	plant metabolite
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	4.62	8	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
sinapaldehyde sinapyl aldehyde: structure in first source. (E)-sinapaldehyde : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is cinnamaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and methoxy groups at positions 3 and 5.	2.15	1	0	cinnamaldehydes; dimethoxybenzene; phenols	antifungal agent; plant metabolite
quercetin 3-o-glucopyranoside quercetin 3-O-glucopyranoside: structure in first source. quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Lepisorus contortus, it exhibits antineoplastic activityand has been found to decrease the rate of polymerization and sickling of red blood cells	2.03	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antipruritic drug; bone density conservation agent; geroprotector; histamine antagonist; osteogenesis regulator; plant metabolite
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	5.12	41	0	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
bilirubin diglucuronide [no description available]	1.96	1	0
kaempferol [no description available]	4.5	22	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
leukotriene d4 Leukotriene D4: One of the biologically active principles of SRS-A. It is generated from LEUKOTRIENE C4 after partial hydrolysis of the peptide chain, i.e., cleavage of the gamma-glutamyl portion. Its biological actions include stimulation of vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle, and increases in vascular permeability. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene D4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and a L-cysteinylglycinyl group at position 6 (6R).	2.02	1	0	dipeptide; leukotriene; organic sulfide	bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.	1.97	1	0	prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
zeaxanthin Zeaxanthins: Carotenoids found in fruits and vegetables. Zeaxanthin accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.	2.94	4	0	carotenol	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; cofactor
gamma-linolenic acid gamma-Linolenic Acid: An omega-6 fatty acid produced in the body as the delta 6-desaturase metabolite of linoleic acid. It is converted to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, a biosynthetic precursor of monoenoic prostaglandins such as PGE1. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). gamma-linolenic acid : A C18, omega-6 acid fatty acid comprising a linolenic acid having cis- double bonds at positions 6, 9 and 12.	2.41	1	0	linolenic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
alpha-linolenic acid linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid.	3.11	5	0	linolenic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
harmine Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's.. harmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.	2.46	2	0	harmala alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; metabolite
genistein [no description available]	3.85	11	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	8.5	8	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.	3.02	4	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen
pyrvinium pyrvinium: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonyms vanquin & vankin refer to pamoate[2:1]; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7810. pyrvinium : A quinolinium ion that is 1-methylquinolinium substituted by dimethylamino group at position 6 and a (E)-2-(2,5-dimethyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)ethenyl at position 2. It is a anthelminthic drug active against pinworms. The salts of pyrvinium can also be used as anticancer agents.	1.96	1	0	quinolinium ion	anthelminthic drug; antineoplastic agent
kava Kava: Dried rhizome and roots of Piper methysticum, a shrub native to Oceania and known for its anti-anxiety and sedative properties. Heavy usage results in some adverse effects. It contains ALKALOIDS; LACTONES; kawain, methysticin, mucilage, STARCH, and yangonin. Kava is also the name of the pungent beverage prepared from the plant's roots.	3.13	5	0
ethchlorvynol Ethchlorvynol: A sedative and hypnotic that has been used in the short-term management of INSOMNIA. Its use has been superseded by other drugs.. ethchlorvynol : Propargyl alcohol in which the methylene hydrogens are substituted by ethyl and 2-chlorovinyl groups. A hypnotic and sedative, it is used for treatment of insomnia in some cases where an intolerance or allergy to more commonly used drugs exists.	3.44	2	0
tentoxin tentoxin: cyclic peptide from fungus Alternaria tenuis Auct.; structure	2.42	2	0	lactam
jasmonic acid jasmonic acid: a derivative of alpha-linolenic acid that has a role in plant response to herbivory analogous to the role of prostanoids in inflammation in mammals;. jasmonic acid : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is (3-oxocyclopentyl)acetic acid substituted by a (2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl group at position 2 of the cyclopentane ring.	2.77	3	0	oxo monocarboxylic acid	jasmonates; plant metabolite
astaxanthine astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.	2.79	3	0	carotenol; carotenone	animal metabolite; anticoagulant; antioxidant; food colouring; plant metabolite
canthaxanthin Canthaxanthin: A trans-carotenoid pigment widely distributed in nature. The compound is used as an oral suntanning agent and as a food and drug coloring agent. Oral ingestion of the compound causes canthaxanthin retinopathy.. canthaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene bearing two oxo substituents at positions 4 and 4'.	2	1	0	carotenone	biological pigment; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fungal metabolite
capsanthin [no description available]	2.15	1	0	carotenone	plant metabolite
fucoxanthin fucoxanthin: RN given refers to (3S,3'S,5R,5'R,6S,6'R)-isomer. fucoxanthin : An epoxycarotenol that is found in brown seaweed and which exhibits anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective properties.	2.13	1	0
lutein Lutein: A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.. xanthophyll : A subclass of carotenoids consisting of the oxygenated carotenes.	2.9	4	0	carotenol	food colouring; plant metabolite
spinasterol spinasterol: RN given refers to alpha-spinasterol ((3beta,5alpha,22E)-isomer)	2.43	2	0	steroid
genistin genistin: glycoside of soy bean isoflavone, gentistein	2.46	2	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside
mezerein mezerein: toxic component of plant Daphne mezereum with anti-leukemic activity against P-388 & P-1210 in mice; can act as a tumor promoter; RN given refers to (12beta(E,E))-isomer; structure	2.11	1	0	diterpenoid
esculetin esculetin: used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light; structure. esculetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light.	3.52	2	0	hydroxycoumarin	antioxidant; plant metabolite; ultraviolet filter
esculin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; hydroxycoumarin	antioxidant; metabolite
pteryxin pteryxin: in aqueous extract of Pteryxia terebinthina	2.07	1	0	coumarins
7-hydroxycoumarin 7-oxycoumarin: derivatives have anti-oxidant properties. umbelliferone : A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7.	3.82	3	0	hydroxycoumarin	fluorescent probe; food component; plant metabolite
humulene humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene.	10.52	16	1	alpha-humulene
petasin petasin: both petasin and neopetasin inhibit biosynthesis of cysteinyl-leukotriene; unlike petasin, neopetasin does not inhibit eosinophil cation protein releasenor suppresses cPLA2 activity; from Petasites formosanus Kitamurai; structure in first source. petasin : An enoate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of angelic acid with the hydroxy group of (1R,2R,7S,8aR)-1,8a-dimethyl-6-oxo-7-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-2-ol.	2.6	1	0	alicyclic ketone; enoate ester; enone; sesquiterpenoid	anti-allergic agent; EC 2.7.11.31 {[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase} activator; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
harpagoside harpagoside: glycoside of a cyclopenta[c]pyran from root of S. African plant Harpagophytum procumbens DC; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #5281, 7th ed #9921; Harpagophytum extract WS 1531 is plant extract containing harpagoside; Antidiabetic Agent	2.04	1	0	terpene glycoside
oleuropein oleuropein: iridoid isolated from leaves and fruit of Olea and Ligustrum (Oleaceae). oleuropein : A secoiridoid glycoside that is the methyl ester of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by hydroxy, ethylidene, and carboxymethyl groups, respectively and in which the anomeric hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted into its beta-D-glucoside and the carboxylic acid moiety of the carboxymethyl substituent has been converted to the corresponding 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl ester (the 2S,3E,4S stereoisomer). The most important phenolic compound present in olive cultivars.	3.38	6	0	beta-D-glucoside; catechols; diester; methyl ester; pyrans; secoiridoid glycoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; NF-kappaB inhibitor; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
zearalenone Zearalenone: (S-(E))-3,4,5,6,8,10-Hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione. One of a group of compounds known under the general designation of resorcylic acid lactones. Cis, trans, dextro and levo forms have been isolated from the fungus Gibberella zeae (formerly Fusarium graminearum). They have estrogenic activity, cause toxicity in livestock as feed contaminant, and have been used as anabolic or estrogen substitutes.. zearalenone : A macrolide comprising a fourteen-membered lactone fused to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene; a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Giberella species.	2.93	4	0	macrolide; resorcinols	fungal metabolite; mycoestrogen
amentoflavone [no description available]	7.45	2	0	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; ring assembly	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; plant metabolite
baicalein [no description available]	8.52	2	0	trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
chrysin chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.	3.84	3	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
diosmin [no description available]	2.46	2	0	dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; rutinoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant
fisetin [no description available]	3.57	2	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; 7-hydroxyflavonol; tetrahydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; metabolite; plant metabolite
galangin 5,7-dihydroxyflavonol: antimicrobial from the twigs of Populus nigra x Populus deltoides; structure in first source. galangin : A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively; a growth inhibitor of breast tumor cells.	3.53	2	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; trihydroxyflavone	antimicrobial agent; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
isogentisin isogentisin: found in plants such as Guttiferae & Gentianaceae.; structure. isogentisin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 3 and a methoxy group at position 7.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; polyphenol; xanthones	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
hyperoside quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside : A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Artemisia capillaris, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity.	3.12	5	0	beta-D-galactoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
mangiferin shamimin: isolated from the leaves of Bombax ceiba; structure in first source	2.81	3	0	C-glycosyl compound; xanthones	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
mangostin mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit. alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; phenols; xanthones	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
3-methylquercetin isorhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 3' is replaced by a methoxy group.	2.42	2	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone	anticoagulant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; metabolite
kaempferide kaempferide: structure in first source. kaempferide : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-O-methyl derivative of kaempferol.	2.05	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	antihypertensive agent; metabolite
kuwanon g kuwanon G: a non-peptide bombesin receptor antagonist; RN refers to (1S-(1alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer; structure given in first source. kuwanone G : A tetrahydroxyflavone isolated from the root barks of Morus alba and has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity.	1.98	1	0	resorcinols; tetrahydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; plant metabolite
kuwanon h kuwanon H: a non-peptide bombesin receptor antagonist; RN refers to (1S-(1alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer; structure given in first source. kuwanone H : A tetrahydroxyflavone isolated from the plant species of the genus Morus.	1.98	1	0	resorcinols; tetrahydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
morin morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.	2.99	4	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
myricetin [no description available]	8.34	6	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
orientin orientin: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (D-glucopyranosyl)-isomer. orientin : A C-glycosyl compound that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 8.	2.75	3	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; C-glycosyl compound; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
rhamnetin rhamnetin: aglycone of xanthorhamnin; from Rhamnus. rhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin methylated at position 7.	2.05	1	0	monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; metabolite
robinetin robinetin: structure given in first source. robinetin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7, 3, 4' and 5'.	2.41	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
robinin robinin : A glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempherol substituted by a 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl residue at position 3 and a 6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.15	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; glycosyloxyflavone	plant metabolite
tricetin tricetin : Flavone hydroxylated at positions 3', 4', 5, 5' and 7.	2.15	1	0	pentahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
tricin tricin: from Spartina cynosuroides and other plants; structure	2.15	1	0	3'-methoxyflavones; dimethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; metabolite
wogonin wogonin: structure in first source. wogonin : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-8.	2.02	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; plant metabolite
coumestrol Coumestrol: A daidzein derivative occurring naturally in forage crops which has some estrogenic activity.. coumestrol : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9.	2.49	2	0	coumestans; delta-lactone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
daidzein [no description available]	3.15	5	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: hydroxystilbene oxyresveratrol	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
retrorsine retrorsine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.15	1	0	macrolide
cynarine cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent	2.15	1	0	alkyl caffeate ester; quinic acid	plant metabolite
echinacoside echinacoside: from Buddleja species; has antihepatotoxic activity	8.06	4	0	oligosaccharide
irilone irilone: structure in first source. irilone : A hydroxyisoflavone that is 6,7-methylenedioxyisoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4'.	2.21	1	0	hydroxyisoflavone; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle	antineoplastic agent; immunomodulator; metabolite
3,4-di-o-caffeoylquinic acid 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid: isolated from Siphonostegia chinensis	2.03	1	0	quinic acid
caffeic acid phenethyl ester phenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component.	2.78	3	0	alkyl caffeate ester	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiviral agent; immunomodulator; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
plantamajoside plantamajoside: RN given for (E)-isomer; structure in first source	2.96	1	0	hydroxycinnamic acid
rosmarinic acid rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project. (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid.	4.31	17	0	rosmarinic acid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
shogaol shogaol: from ginger, ZINGIBER OFFICINALE; less mutagenic than GINGEROL; structure given in first source	2.6	1	0	enone; monomethoxybenzene; phenols
acteoside acteoside: a protein kinase C inhibitor with hepatoprotective, anti-asthmatic, and analgesic activities; a phenylethanoid glycoside related to isoacteoside; from leaves of Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae). acteoside : A glycoside that is the alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucoside of hydroxytyrosol in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the glucopyranosyl moiety has undergone esterification by formal condensation with trans-caffeic acid.	3.45	7	0	catechols; cinnamate ester; disaccharide derivative; glycoside; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antileishmanial agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
prunetin prunetin: reduces herpes virus-1 plaque formation. prunetin : A hydroxyisoflavone that is genistein in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group.	2.21	1	0	7-methoxyisoflavones; hydroxyisoflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; metabolite
psi-baptigenin pseudobaptigenin : A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone and in which the phenyl group at position 3 is replaced by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group.	2.21	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones; benzodioxoles	antiprotozoal drug; plant metabolite
psoralidin psoralidin : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 9 and a prenyl group at position 2 respectively.	2.05	1	0	coumestans; delta-lactone; polyphenol	estrogen receptor agonist; plant metabolite
ellagic acid [no description available]	4.32	17	0	catechols; cyclic ketone; lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol	antioxidant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
ginkgolic acid [no description available]	2.49	2	0	hydroxybenzoic acid
coenzyme q10 coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.	7.99	4	0	ubiquinones	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite
anandamide anandamide : An N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine.	3.45	1	1	endocannabinoid; N-acylethanolamine 20:4	human blood serum metabolite; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
mureidomycin a mureidomycin A: from Streptomyces flavidovirens; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0	peptide
l 683590 immunomycin: from Streptomyces hygroscopicus; structure given in first source	2.71	3	0	ether; lactol; macrolide; secondary alcohol	antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
astragalin kaempferol-3-O-glucoside: isolated from the pit of Mahkota dewa; structure in first source. kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside : A kaempferol O-glucoside in which a glucosyl residue is attached at position 3 of kaempferol via a beta-glycosidic linkage.	3.18	5	0	beta-D-glucoside; kaempferol O-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite; trypanocidal drug
cinnamyl acetate cinnamyl acetate: structure in first source. cinnamyl acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of cinnamyl alcohol with acetic acid. Found in cinnamon leaf oil.	7.25	1	0	acetate ester	plant metabolite
cilnidipine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug
4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid: A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells.	2.42	2	0	stilbenoid
domoic acid domoic acid: kainic acid analog, heterocyclic amino acid from seaweed; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. domoic acid : An L-proline derivative that is L-proline substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 3 and a 6-carboxyhepta-2,4-dien-2-yl group at position 4. It is produced by the diatomic algal Pseudo-nitzschia. It is an analogue of kainic acid and a neurotoxin which causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP).	2.43	2	0	L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid; tricarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; hapten; marine metabolite; neuromuscular agent; neurotoxin
glyceryl 2-arachidonate glyceryl 2-arachidonate: binds to cannabinoid receptors; structure in first source. 2-arachidonoylglycerol : An endocannabinoid and an endogenous agonist of the cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). It is an ester formed from omega-6-arachidonic acid and glycerol.	2.05	1	0	2-acylglycerol 20:4; endocannabinoid	human metabolite
tocotrienol, beta beta-tocotrienol : A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5 and 8 and a farnesyl chain at position 2. It has been isolated from various cultivars of wheat.	2.03	1	0	tocotrienol; vitamin E	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
tocotrienol, delta delta-tocotrienol : A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 8 and a farnesyl chain at position 2.	2.03	1	0	tocotrienol; vitamin E	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bone density conservation agent; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite; radiation protective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-hydroxyestradiol 4-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen. 4-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 4.	3.1	1	0	4-hydroxy steroid	metabolite
menatetrenone menaquinone-4 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains 4 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration.	2.03	1	0	menaquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; bone density conservation agent; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent
isotretinoin Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.	3.1	1	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; teratogenic agent
misoprostol Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form.	2.15	1	0
epoprostenol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	prostaglandins I	mouse metabolite
triprolidine Triprolidine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis; ASTHMA; and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness.. triprolidine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is acrivastine in which the pyridine ring is lacking the propenoic acid substituent. It is a sedating antihistamine that is used (generally as the monohydrochloride monohydrate) for the relief of the symptoms of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.	1.94	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; olefinic compound; pyridines	H1-receptor antagonist
zinostatin Zinostatin: An enediyne that alkylates DNA and RNA like MITOMYCIN does, so it is cytotoxic.	2.38	2	0
thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.	2.7	3	0	thromboxanes B	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-hydroxy-2-hexenal 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal: metabolite from senecionine; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.17	1	0	fatty aldehyde
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal: cytotoxic product from peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxynon-2-enal : An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position.. 4-hydroxynonenal : A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.17	1	0	4-hydroxynon-2-enal; 4-hydroxynonenal
linoleoyl ethanolamide linoleoyl ethanolamide: RN given for (Z,Z)-isomer. linoleoyl ethanolamide : An N-acylethanolamine 18:2 that is the ethanolamide of linoleic acid.	2.08	1	0	N-acylethanolamine 18:2	EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor
1-monooleoyl-rac-glycerol Peceol: lipid excipient containing readily dispersible mixture of mono- & diglycerides of oleic acid. 1-oleoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride where the acyl group is oleoyl.. monooleoylglycerol : A monoglyceride in which the acyl group is oleoyl with the position of acylation unspecified.	2.42	2	0	1-acylglycerol 18:1; monooleoylglycerol	plant metabolite
ubiquinone 8 [no description available]	3.19	5	0	ubiquinones	biomarker
menaquinone 6 menaquinone 6: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer	5.21	17	0
sphingosine 1-phosphate sphingosine 1-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R,S-(E)))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89. sphingosine 1-phosphate : A phosphosphingolipid that consists of sphingosine having a phospho group attached at position 1	5.1	12	0	sphingoid 1-phosphate	mouse metabolite; signalling molecule; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist; T-cell proliferation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
hyodeoxycholic acid hyodeoxycholic acid: differs from deoxycholic acid in that the 6 alpha-OH is in the 12 position in the former; RN given refers to (3alpha,5beta,6alpha)-isomer. hyodeoxycholic acid : A member of the class of 5beta-cholanic acids that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by alpha-hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 6.	3.1	1	0	5beta-cholanic acids; 6alpha,20xi-murideoxycholic acid; bile acid; C24-steroid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
codeine [no description available]	9.88	11	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic
methyl 13-hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoate methyl linoleate hydroperoxide: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer	2.42	2	0
methyl linoleate [no description available]	8.52	8	0	fatty acid methyl ester	plant metabolite
phenylephrine hydrochloride Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.	3.75	11	0	hydrochloride
tetrachlorvinphos Tetrachlorvinphos: An organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide. It has low mammalian toxicity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.04	1	0	alkenyl phosphate; dialkyl phosphate; organochlorine insecticide; organophosphate insecticide; trichlorobenzene	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5h-pyrido(4,3-b)indole 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido(4,3-b)indole: structure	2.91	4	0	pyridoindole
4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde [no description available]	1.95	1	0	cinnamaldehydes
acitretin Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.	2.41	1	0	acitretin; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; retinoid	keratolytic drug
dihydrocodeine dihydrocodeine: RN refers to parent cpd(5alpha,6alpha)-isomer	2	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
diminazene aceturate diminazene diaceturate : An N-acetylglycinate salt resulting from the reaction of diminazene with 2 mol eq. of N-acetylglycine.	2.06	1	0	N-acetylglycinate salt	antiparasitic agent; trypanocidal drug
granisetron Granisetron: A serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients.. granisetron : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of (3-endo)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-amine. A selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, it is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to manage nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and to prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting.	1.98	1	0	aromatic amide; indazoles
hydromorphone Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.	3.1	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
levetiracetam Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.	2.05	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
nabilone nabilone: cannabinol deriv; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	1.97	1	0
nalmefene nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer	3.1	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
nalorphine Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete.	3.1	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	9.91	11	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.	3.53	2	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
oxymorphone Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)	3.1	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
vitamin k 1 Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.	3.92	4	0	phylloquinones; vitamin K	cofactor; human metabolite; plant metabolite
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	2.73	3	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
topiramate Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.	2.15	1	0	cyclic ketal; ketohexose derivative; sulfamate ester	anticonvulsant; sodium channel blocker
6alpha-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol 6alpha-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol bearing an additional 6alpha-hydroxy substituent.	3.1	1	0	6alpha-hydroxy steroid
gamma-cyclodextrin gamma-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of eight alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.	2.91	4	0	cyclodextrin
menaquinone 7 menaquinone-7 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains seven isoprene units in an all-trans-configutation.	2.13	1	0	menaquinone	bone density conservation agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
brefeldin a [no description available]	2.21	1	0	macrolide antibiotic	Penicillium metabolite
cerium cholesteryl linoleate: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. cholesteryl linoleate : The (9Z,12Z)-stereoisomer of cholesteryl octadeca-9,12-dienoate.	2	1	0	CE(18:2); cholesteryl octadeca-9,12-dienoate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	6.43	33	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
pactamycin Pactamycin: Antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pactum used as an antineoplastic agent. It is also used as a tool in biochemistry because it inhibits certain steps in protein synthesis.	1.96	1	0
peridinin peridinin: structure	3.02	4	0
ubiquinone 7 ubiquinone 7: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer. ubiquinone-7 : A compound whose structure comprises a 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methylbenzoquinone nucleus, common to ubiquinones; and a side chain of seven isoprenoid units.	2.25	1	0	ubiquinones
clobetasol Clobetasol: A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.. clobetasol : A 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid that is 16beta-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione bearing hydroxy groups at the 11beta and 17alpha positions, fluorine at position 9, and a chlorine substituent at position 21. It is used as its 17alpha-propionate ester to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.	2.21	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; SMO receptor agonist
olvanil [no description available]	3.45	1	1	methoxybenzenes; phenols
fluticasone Fluticasone: A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.. fluticasone : A trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis.	2	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; thioester	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug
lysophosphatidic acid lysophosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate : A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having oleoyl as the 1-O-acyl group.. lysophosphatidic acid : A member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid. A 'closed' class.	2.03	1	0	1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.	4.49	24	0	1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.	2.04	1	0	cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor
nalbuphine Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS.	3.53	2	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound	mu-opioid receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic
neurokinin b Neurokinin B: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ A with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the URINARY BLADDER and UTERUS.	1.98	1	0	polypeptide
spirapril spirapril: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0	azaspiro compound; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; dithioketal; ethyl ester; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
cl 316243 disodium (R,R)-5-(2-((2-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)-amino)propyl)-1,3-benzodioxole-2,3-dicarboxylate: structure given in first source	2.31	1	0
sulprostone sulprostone: structure	1.99	1	0	prostanoid
octadecadienoic acid octadecadienoic acid: location of unsaturation not specified. octadecadienoate : A long-chain, unsaturated fatty acid anion formed by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any octadecadienoic acid; major species at pH 7.3.. octadecadienoic acid : Any straight-chain, C18 polyunsaturated fatty acid having two C=C double bonds.	1.98	1	0
10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (E)-10-hydroxydec-2-enoic acid : An omega-hydroxy amino acid that is 2-decenoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the terminal carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group and in which the C=C double bond has E configuration. It is a component of royal jelly.	2	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy monounsaturated fatty acid; omega-hydroxy-medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain fatty acid	animal metabolite; geroprotector
12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid 12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid: metabolite of arachidonic acid in blood platelet suspension; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.97	1	0	hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; long-chain fatty acid; trienoic fatty acid	metabolite
1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.	2.42	2	0	phosphatidylcholine(1+)
biliverdine [no description available]	2.71	3	0
bisdemethoxycurcumin curcumin III: structure in first source. bisdemethoxycurcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by 4-hydroxycinnamoyl groups.	3.31	6	0	beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; metabolite
cinnamyl alcohol cinnamyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. (E)-cinnamyl alcohol : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamyl alcohol.. cinnamyl alcohol : A primary alcohol comprising an allyl core with a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position and a phenyl substituent at the 3-position (geometry of the C=C bond unspecified).	3.82	3	0	cinnamyl alcohol	plant metabolite
kaempferol 3-o-rhamnoside kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside: from apple (Malus domestica) leaves; structure in first source. afzelin : A glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempferol attached to an alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.88	3	0	glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; plant metabolite
syringin syringin: a phenylpropanoid glycoside; see also eleutherosides & lyoniside for eleutheroside A: 474-58-8. syringin : A monosaccharide derivative that is trans-sinapyl alcohol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.1	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; dimethoxybenzene; monosaccharide derivative; primary alcohol	hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
linarin linarin: flavone glycoside isolated from leaves of Linaria japonica MIQ	2.07	1	0
beta-farnesene beta-farnesene: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	beta-farnesene
andrographolide [no description available]	3.23	5	0	carbobicyclic compound; gamma-lactone; labdane diterpenoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
isomangiferin isomangiferin: structure given in first source. isomangiferin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 and a 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol moiety at position 1.	2.05	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; polyphenol; xanthones	anti-HSV-1 agent; plant metabolite
isorhamnetin 3-o-glucoside isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside: from the flowers of Persea gratissima; structure in first source. isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is isorhamnetin substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.	2.01	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	metabolite
kaempferol-3-o-rutinoside kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside: isolated from the methanolic extract of the whole plants of Diodia teres through repeated silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography; structure in first source. kaempferol-3-rutinoside : A kaempferol O-glucoside that is kaempferol attached to a rutinosyl [6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucosyl] residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the leaves of Solanum campaniforme.	2.78	3	0	disaccharide derivative; kaempferol O-glucoside; rutinoside; trihydroxyflavone	metabolite; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
ligustilide ligustilide: found in Umbelliferae plants; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source	2.76	3	0	butenolide	metabolite
luteolin 4'-o-glucoside luteolin 4'-O-glucoside: from Kummerowia striata. luteolin-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4' via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from Olea europaea.	2.02	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
martynoside martynoside: isolated from Verbena bipinnatifida Nutt; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
beta-ocimene beta-ocimene : The trans-stereoisomer of ocimene.. (Z)-beta-ocimene : A beta-ocimene that consists of octa-1,3,6-triene bearing two methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 (the 3Z-isomer).	2.47	2	0	beta-ocimene	plant metabolite
tiliroside tiliroside: isolated from seeds of Eremocarpus setigerus	2.03	1	0	cinnamate ester; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
rhapontigenin rhapontigenin: structure in first source	2.13	1	0	stilbenoid
atractylenolide i atractylenolide I: from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
tilianin tilianin: from several medicinal plants including Agastache rugosa and Dracocephalum moldavia	2.49	2	0
trilinolein trilinolein: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. 1,2,3-trilinoleoylglycerol : A triglyceride formed by acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with linoleic acid.	2	1	0	1,2-diacyl-3-linoleoylglycerol; 1,3-diacyl-2-linoleoylglycerol; linoleoyl containing 1,2,3-triacyl-sn-glycerol; TG(18:2/18:2/18:2); triglyceride	mouse metabolite
thebaine Thebaine: A drug that is derived from opium, which contains from 0.3-1.5% thebaine depending on its origin. It produces strychnine-like convulsions rather than narcosis. It may be habit-forming and is a controlled substance (opiate) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Part 1308.12 (1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.64	3	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound
nifuroxazide nifuroxazide: structure	2.03	1	0	benzoic acids
sclareolide sclareolide: has antineoplastic activity; synthesized by oxidation of sclareol; a minor constituent of Arnica angustifolia and Sideritis nutans; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
ergothioneine ergothioneine thione form : A L-histidine derivative that is N(alpha),N(alpha),N(alpha)-trimethyl-L-histidine in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the imdazole ring is replaced by a thioxo group.	2.17	1	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones; amino-acid betaine; L-histidine derivative; sulfur-containing amino acid	antioxidant; chelator; fungal metabolite; plant metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	7.03	99	0	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
tin [no description available]	3.72	10	0	carbon group element atom; elemental tin; metal atom	micronutrient
12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid: A lipoxygenase metabolite of ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumor cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274(3):1545-51; J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86(15):1145-51)	2.42	2	0
15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid 15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid: potent & selective inhibitor of platelet lipoxygenase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.97	1	0
bay 11-7082 (E)-3-tosylacrylonitrile : A nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the hydrogen located beta,trans to the cyano group is replaced by a tosyl group. It is an inhibitor of cytokine-induced IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation in cells.	2.13	1	0	nitrile; sulfone	apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor
diamide Diamide: A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.	2.01	1	0	1,1'-azobis(N,N-dimethylformamide)
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)	2.98	4	0
antimony Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes.	8.59	9	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen
cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.	4.61	26	0	alkali metal atom
indoleacrylic acid indoleacrylic acid: Russian drug; natural auxin from lentil roots; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	1.99	1	0
barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.	8.96	14	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium
flavokawain b flavokawain B: from Piper methysticum Forst (Kava Kava) roots; structure in first source. flavokawain B : A member of the class of chalcones that consists of trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy group at positions 2' and methoxy groups at positions 4' and 6'. Isolated from Piper methysticum and Piper rusbyi, it exhibits antileishmanial, anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities.	2.03	1	0	chalcones; dimethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; antileishmanial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; metabolite
rubidium Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.	3.47	8	0	alkali metal atom
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	11.64	69	0	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
levorphanol Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection.	3.98	4	0	morphinane alkaloid
strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.	8.73	10	0	alkaline earth metal atom
bismuth Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.	3.18	5	0	metal atom; pnictogen
levallorphan Levallorphan: An opioid antagonist with properties similar to those of NALOXONE; in addition it also possesses some agonist properties. It should be used cautiously; levallorphan reverses severe opioid-induced respiratory depression but may exacerbate respiratory depression such as that induced by alcohol or other non-opioid central depressants. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p683)	1.95	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
thallium Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).	8.36	7	0	boron group element atom
alternariol alternariol: structure. alternariol : A benzochromenone that is 6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7, and 9. It is the most important mycotoxin produced by the black mould Alternaria species, which are the most common mycoflora infecting small grain cereals worldwide.	2.54	2	0	benzochromenone; phenols	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	9.51	189	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
indium Indium: A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.. indium atom : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.	3.68	9	0	boron group element atom
calcium bromide calcium bromide: can cause skin injuries	2.11	1	0	calcium salt
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	3.1	1	0	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
dextromethorphan Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.	2.7	3	0	6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene	antitussive; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; oneirogen; prodrug; xenobiotic
alternariol monomethyl ether djalonensone : A benzochromenone that is alternariol in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been converted into the corresponding methyl ether. A natural product found in Chaetomium globosum as well as being one of the two most important compounds belonging to the group of Altenaria mycotoxins.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; benzochromenone	antifungal agent; fungal metabolite; mycotoxin
lasalocid Lasalocid: Cationic ionophore antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lasaliensis that, among other effects, dissociates the calcium fluxes in muscle fibers. It is used as a coccidiostat, especially in poultry.. lasalocid : A polyether antibiotic used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in poultry.	3.21	6	0	beta-hydroxy ketone; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; oxanes; oxolanes; polyether antibiotic; secondary alcohol; tertiary alcohol	bacterial metabolite; coccidiostat; ionophore
gallium Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.	2.68	3	0	boron group element atom
lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.11	1	0	dipeptide	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
benazepril benazepril: structure given in first source. benazepril : A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.	2.11	1	0	benzazepine; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; lactam	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
ramipril Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.	3.41	1	1	azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; prodrug
bemoradan bemoradan: RN & structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
indinavir sulfate Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.	3.91	2	1	dicarboxylic acid diamide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; piperazinecarboxamide	HIV protease inhibitor
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	6.82	80	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
ethyl oleate [no description available]	2.06	1	0	long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester	acaricide; plant metabolite
methyl oleate [no description available]	2.13	1	0	fatty acid methyl ester
musk musk: pure essence from secretion of preputial follicles of Moschus moschiferus L.	2.1	1	0	macrolide
methoprene Methoprene: Juvenile hormone analog and insect growth regulator used to control insects by disrupting metamorphosis. Has been effective in controlling mosquito larvae.	3.49	2	0	isopropyl 11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoate; isopropyl ester	juvenile hormone mimic
costunolide [no description available]	2.49	2	0
isoalloxazine isoalloxazine: structure	2.06	1	0	benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
lewisite lewisite: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.1	1	0
n-(4-hydroxy-beta-phenethyl)-4-hydroxycinnamide trans-N-p-coumaroyl tyramine: from the twigs of Celtis chinensis; structure in first source	2.01	1	0	hydroxycinnamic acid	metabolite
5-(4-methoxybenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione 5-(4-methoxybenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione: used to treat concanavalin A-induced liver injury; structure in first source	2.06	1	0
vitamin mk 8 vitamin MK 8: isoprenoid acetone-soluble lipid. menaquinone-8 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains 8 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration.	2.11	1	0	menaquinone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
aldosterone dehydrodiisoeugenol: an isoeugenol dimer, inhibits lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nuclear factor kappa B activation and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in macrophages; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
veratrine Veratrine: A voltage-gated sodium channel activator.	1.94	1	0	alkaloid
puerarin [no description available]	2.94	4	0	C-glycosyl compound; isoflavonoid
apigenin-7-o-glucuronide apigenin-7-O-glucuronide: from the leaves and flowers of the cannabinoid-free cannabis (Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa L., Cannabaceae); structure in first source	2.06	1	0	flavonoids; glucosiduronic acid
enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).	2.8	3	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug
salutaridine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	morphinane alkaloid	anti-HBV agent; metabolite
nitrofurazone Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.	3.75	2	1
catharanthine [no description available]	2.49	2	0	alkaloid ester; bridged compound; methyl ester; monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound
n-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin N-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin: structure in first source	2.06	1	0	carboxamide; hydroxyindoles
sinomenine sinomenine: isolated from root of Sinomenium acutum; antirheumatic, antineuralgic	2.53	2	0	morphinane alkaloid
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).	8.87	12	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; phosphatidylcholine 28:0; tetradecanoate ester	antigen; mouse metabolite
ecdysterone Ecdysterone: A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE.. 20-hydroxyecdysone : An ecdysteroid that is ecdysone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20.	2.42	2	0	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; ecdysteroid; phytoecdysteroid	animal metabolite; plant metabolite
sedoheptulose [no description available]	7.31	1	0	ketoheptose
deoxyribose [no description available]	7.91	4	0	deoxypentose	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3-dehydroecdysone 3-dehydroecdysone: structure given in first source	1.97	1	0	3-oxo steroid; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone
2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenyl-2,4-hexadienoic acid: metabolic product of biphenyl; from Pseudomonas putida; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid : Penta-2,4-dienoic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens at position 5 is substituted by a benzoyl group. It is a metabolic product of biphenyl from Pseudomonas putida.	2.07	1	0
fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)	4.17	16	0	butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate	human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phycocyanobilin phycocyanobilin: tetrapyrrole prosthetic group of phycocyanin protein. phycocyanobilin : A bilin that consists of 8,12-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-18-ethyl-3-ethylidene-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydrobilin bearing two oxo substituents at positions 1 and 19.	2.46	2	0
beryllium Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.	2.64	3	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental beryllium; metal allergen	adjuvant; carcinogenic agent; epitope
astatine Astatine: Astatine. A radioactive halogen with the atomic symbol At, and atomic number 85. Its isotopes range in mass number from 200 to 219 and all have an extremely short half-life. Astatine may be of use in the treatment of hyperthyroidism because it emits ALPHA PARTICLES.	2.03	1	0	elemental astatine
acetyl acetonate [no description available]	2.42	2	0
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	11.84	51	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
thyronines Thyronines: A group of metabolites derived from THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE via the peripheral enzymatic removal of iodines from the thyroxine nucleus. Thyronine is the thyroxine nucleus devoid of its four iodine atoms.. thyronine : A tyrosine derivative where the phenolic hydrogen of tyrosine is substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl.	1.94	1	0	thyronine
silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].	13.09	31	1	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate 7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate: component B of the methylcoenzyme M methylreductase system of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	L-threonine derivative	coenzyme
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	8.03	115	0	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.	6.11	39	0	boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
heroin Heroin: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed). heroin : A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses.	9.02	4	0	morphinane alkaloid	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; prodrug
6-o-monoacetylmorphine 6-O-monoacetylmorphine: RN given refers to parent cpd(5alpha,6alpha)-isomer	3.1	5	0	morphinane alkaloid
normorphine normorphine: RN given refers to (5 alpha,6 alpha)-isomer	3.1	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
hexanitrostilbene hexanitrostilbene: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
quinaldine blue quinaldine blue: RN given refers to chloride; structure	2	1	0	cyanine dye; organic iodide salt	fluorochrome
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source	6.23	41	0
ramiprilat ramiprilat : A dipeptide that is the active metabolite of ramipril. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.	3.41	1	1	azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide	bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
imidapril imidapril: structure given in first source. imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure.	2.11	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; imidazolidines; N-acylurea; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
demethoxycurcumin demethoxycurcumin: corresponds to curcumin with one methoxy group replaced by hydrogen; isolated from rhizomes of Curcuma longa. demethoxycurcumin : A beta-diketone that is curcumin in which one of the methoxy groups is replaced by hydrogen. It is found in Curcuma zedoaria and Etlingera elatior.	3.31	6	0	beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
zerumbone zerumbone: RN given for (E,E,E)-isomer; structure in first source. zerumbone : A sesquiterpenoid and cyclic ketone that is (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene which is substituted by an oxo group at the carbon atom attached to two double bonds. It is obtained by steam distillation from a type of edible ginger, Zingiber zerumbet Smith, grown particularly in southeast Asia.	2.07	1	0	cyclic ketone; sesquiterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor; plant metabolite
cinanserin Cinanserin: A serotonin antagonist with limited antihistaminic, anticholinergic, and immunosuppressive activity.. cinanserin : An aryl sulfide that is (2E)-3-phenyl-N-(2-sulfanylphenyl)prop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen of the thiol group is substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. It is a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist and an inhibitor of SARS-CoV replication.	1.95	1	0	aryl sulfide; cinnamamides; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor
solanesol solanesol : A nonaprenol that is hexatriaconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34-nonaen-1-ol substituted by 9 methyl groups at positions 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31 and 35 (the all-trans0stereoisomer).	2.47	2	0	nonaprenol; primary alcohol	plant metabolite
1,5-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-3-((phenylamino)carbonyl)formazan 1,5-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-3-((phenylamino)carbonyl)formazan: structure given in first source	2.08	1	0
apocarotenal apocarotenal: structure. 8'-apo-beta,psi-caroten-8'-al : An apo carotenoid triterpenoid compound arising from oxidative degradation of the beta,beta-carotene skeleton at the 8'-position.	2.11	1	0	apo carotenoid triterpenoid; enal
pepstatin pepstatin: inhibits the aspartic protease endothiapepsin	2.38	2	0	pentapeptide; secondary carboxamide	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidase) inhibitor
tenofovir diphosphate [no description available]	4.53	3	0
guajavarin guajavarin: from leaves of Psidium guajava	2.95	4	0
pachymic acid pachymic acid: inhibits phospholipase A2; isolated from Poria cocos; structure in first source	2.17	1	0	triterpenoid
dermorphin dermorphin: opiate-like peptide present in amphibian skin	2.15	1	0	oligopeptide
benzoporphyrin d benzoporphyrin D: C42H44N4O8, MW 732.821	1.98	1	0
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-: An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.	2.03	1	0
strontium radioisotopes Strontium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of strontium that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. Sr 80-83, 85, and 89-95 are radioactive strontium isotopes.	2.42	2	0
stercobilin stercobilin: RN given refers to (2R,3R,4S,16S,17R,18R)-isomer	1.98	1	0
sinigrin sinigrin: glucosinate in mustard seeds etc.; RN given refers to parent cpd. sinigrin : An alkenylglucosinolic acid that consists of 1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranose having a 4-[(sulfooxy)imino]but-1-en-4-yl group attached to the anomeric sulfur.	2.07	1	0	alkenylglucosinolic acid
achatin i achatin I: neuroexcitatory tetrapeptide from Achatina fulica Ferussac (African giant snail); achatin-I has D-Phe residue; achatin-II has L-Phe	2.15	1	0
naltrindole benzofuran naltrindole benzofuran: structure given in first source	3.1	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
pregabalin Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.	2.88	3	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker
myricetin 3-o-glucuronide myricetin 3-O-glucuronide: from Epilobium angustifolium. myricetin 3-O-glucuronide : A myricetin O-glucuronide that is myricetin with a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid residue attached at the 3-position.	2.03	1	0	monosaccharide derivative; myricetin O-glucuronide; pentahydroxyflavone	metabolite
vitexin rhamnoside vitexin rhamnoside: an apigenin	2.03	1	0	flavonoids; glycoside
zinc tetra(4-n-methylpyridyl)porphine [no description available]	2.46	2	0
avicularin avicularin: from Polygonum aviculare L.; RN given refers to L-isomer. avicularin : A quercetin O-glycoside in which an alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl residue is attached at position 3 of quercetin via a glycosidic linkage. It is isolated particularly from Juglans regia and Foeniculum vulgare.	2.05	1	0	alpha-L-arabinofuranoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
aliskiren aliskiren: orally active nonpeptidic renin inhibitor. aliskiren : A monomethoxybenzene compound having a 3-methoxypropoxy group at the 2-position and a multi-substituted branched alkyl substituent at the 4-position.	2.13	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monomethoxybenzene	antihypertensive agent
thiosemicarbazone h thiosemicarbazone H: antibacterial & antiparasitic properties; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
triolein Triolein: (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.. triolein : A triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid. Triolein is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil.	9.79	10	0	triglyceride	Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite; plant metabolite
naltrindole naltrindole: delta opioid receptor antagonist	3.1	1	0	isoquinolines
gedunin gedunin: isolated from neem (Azadirachta indica); structure in first source. gedunin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid natural product found particularly in Azadirachta indica and Cedrela odorata.	2.41	1	0	limonoid
guanabenz Guanabenz: An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.02	1	0	dichlorobenzene
tiapridex Tiapride Hydrochloride: A benzamide derivative that is used as a dopamine antagonist.	1.93	1	0	benzamides
abscisic acid Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold.	4.94	11	0	2-trans-abscisic acid
2',3,4-trihydroxychalcone 2',3,4-trihydroxychalcone: structure given in first source	2.21	1	0	catechols; chalcones
carbocyanines Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.	3.98	13	0	cyanine dye; organic iodide salt	fluorochrome
25-hydroxyvitamin d 2 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2: 9,10-Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraene-3,25-diol. Biologically active metabolite of vitamin D2 which is more active in curing rickets than its parent. The compound is believed to attach to the same receptor as vitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.	2.11	1	0	hydroxycalciol; seco-ergostane; vitamin D	bone density conservation agent; human xenobiotic metabolite; nutraceutical
cefotaxime Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.	2.38	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
quercetin-3'-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside quercetin 3'-O-glucoside: structure in first source	2.61	2	0
cladrin cladrin: isolated from Butea monosperma; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
macromomycin protein macromomycin protein: weakly basic protein isolated from Streptomyces macromomyceticus; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; macromomycin is the apoprotein (MW=11kD) of auromomycin which is a chromophore called AUR-Chr (C35H33NO12) that is the cytotoxic component	2.36	2	0
3-methyl-2-benzothiazolone hydrazone 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolone hydrazone: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.02	1	0
urobilin [no description available]	2.64	3	0
2,4,2'-trihydroxychalcone 2,4,2'-trihydroxychalcone: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
cinidon-ethyl Lotus: A genus of the PEA FAMILY. The genus Lotus, formerly known as Tetragonolobus, is unrelated to other plants with the common name of lotus (NELUMBO and NYMPHAEA).. cinidon ethyl : A carboxylic ester and organochlorine compound that is the ethyl ester of cinidon.	2.84	3	0	ethyl ester; isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes	herbicide
1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine 1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to (E,E)-isomer; member of a class of cationic lipid formulations called cytofectins	1.97	1	0
roquefortine roquefortine: metabolite of Penicillium roqueforti; structure	2	1	0	pyrroloindole
5-(4-nitrophenyl)-2,4-pentadienal [no description available]	2.02	1	0
masticadienonic acid masticadienonic acid: from Pistacia terebinthus galls; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	triterpenoid
n-feruloylserotonin N-feruloylserotonin: structure in first source. N-feruloylserotonin : A member of the class of hydroxyindoles that is the N-feruloyl derivative of serotonin.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; cinnamamides; hydroxyindoles; phenols; secondary carboxamide	plant metabolite
indicaxanthin indicaxanthin: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
ammonium sulfate Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.	5.09	44	0	ammonium salt; inorganic sulfate salt	fertilizer
4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.	1.99	1	0
proguanil Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells.	3.04	1	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
nitrovin Nitrovin: An antibacterial growth promoter used in animal feeds.	1.97	1	0	C-nitro compound; furans
coomassie brilliant blue [no description available]	1.99	1	0
mastoparan [no description available]	7.31	1	0	mastoparans; peptidyl amide	antimicrobial agent
uk 81,252 sampatrilat: structure in first source	1.99	1	0
tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.	2.37	2	0	azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid	animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
lasiocarpine lasiocarpine: RN given refers to parent cpd(1S-(1alpha(Z),7(2S,3R),7aalpha))-isomer; structure	2.05	1	0	pyrrolizines
germanium Germanium: A rare metal element with a blue-gray appearance and atomic symbol Ge, atomic number 32, and atomic weight 72.63.	3.06	4	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	6.56	24	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
phosphorus pentoxide phosphorus pentoxide: drying agent for bacterial cultural extracts analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography; structure. diphosphonate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from diphosphonic acid.	2.02	1	0
selenocysteine Selenocysteine: A naturally occurring amino acid in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It is found in tRNAs and in the catalytic site of some enzymes. The genes for glutathione peroxidase and formate dehydrogenase contain the TGA codon, which codes for this amino acid.. selenocysteine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of alanine where one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted with a seleno group.	2.04	1	0
methaneselenol methaneselenol: RN given refers to (75)Se-labeled cpd. methylselenol : An organoselenium compound that is a selenium analogue of methanol, comprising a methyl group covalently bound to a selenol group.	7.45	35	0
tellurium Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.	7.46	2	0	chalcogen; metalloid atom
trimethyllead [no description available]	2.05	1	0
trimethoxysilane [no description available]	2.06	1	0
benzeneselenol benzeneselenol: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.95	1	0
triethyllead triethyllead: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0
polonium Polonium: A radioactive element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Po, atomic number 84, and the atomic weight of the isotope with the longest half-life (209Po) is 208.98. It decays by alpha-emission.. polonium atom : A radioactive metallic element discovered in 1898 by Marie Sklodowska Curie and named after her home country, Poland (Latin Polonia).	2	1	0	chalcogen; metal atom
radium Radium: A radioactive element of the alkaline earth series of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ra and atomic number 88. Radium is the product of the disintegration of URANIUM and is present in pitchblende and all ores containing uranium. It is used clinically as a source of beta and gamma-rays in radiotherapy, particularly BRACHYTHERAPY.	3.22	6	0	alkaline earth metal atom
francium Francium: A radioactive alkali metal with the atomic symbol Fr, and atomic number 87. The mass numbers of known isotopes are 204-213, 217-224. Its valence is +1.	1.94	1	0	alkali metal atom
oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.	4.82	33	0
octadecylsilane [no description available]	3.41	7	0
aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, drug combination aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, simethicone drug combination: antacid contains aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and simethicone; mylanta II contains aluminum/magnesium hydroxide mixture	2.15	1	0
clinoptilolite clinoptilolite: clinoptilolite was SY to zeolite (NM); use zeolites (NM) to search through 1993; RN is for cpd with unknown MF	2.66	2	0
(3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid Fluvastatin: An indole-heptanoic acid derivative that inhibits HMG COA REDUCTASE and is used to treat HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. In contrast to other statins, it does not appear to interact with other drugs that inhibit CYP3A4.. (3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which both chiral centres have S configuration.. fluvastatin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3R,5S)- and (3S,5R)-fluvastatin. An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, it is used (often as the corresponding sodium salt) to reduce triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and increase HDL-chloesterol, in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.	2.01	1	0	(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
lead hydroxide [no description available]	2.05	1	0
4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester: RN given refers to compound with specified unsaturation and no isomeric designation	2.25	1	0
raubasine raubasine: RN given refers to (19alpha)-isomer; structure	2.48	2	0	yohimban alkaloid
dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.	2	1	0	maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant	anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
antimycin a Antimycin A: An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). antimycin A : A nine-membered bis-lactone having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions, an n-hexyl substituent at the 8-position, an acyloxy substituent at the 7-position and an aroylamido substituent at the 3-position. It is produced by Streptomyces bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison.	4.45	7	0	amidobenzoic acid
pyrachlostrobin pyraclostrobin : A carbamate ester that is the methyl ester of [2-({[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}methyl)phenyl]methoxycarbamic acid. A fungicide used to control major plant pathogens including Septoria tritici, Puccinia spp. and Pyrenophora teres.	2.41	1	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester; carbanilate fungicide; methoxycarbanilate strobilurin antifungal agent; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles	antifungal agrochemical; environmental contaminant; mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor; xenobiotic
prolylglycine prolylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. L-prolylglycine : A dipeptide consisting of glycine having an L-prolyl group attached to its alpha-amino nitrogen.	2.08	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide
1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to Z,Z-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 12/88	2.01	1	0
pinocamphone pinocamphone: RN given refers to (1 alpha,2 alpha, 5 alpha)-isomer	7.04	1	0	monoterpenoid
cadinol cadinol: from callus cultures of Chamomilla recutita (Asteraceae)	2.07	1	0
dichlorocarbene [no description available]	2.02	1	0	carbene
cholestanol Cholestanol: A cholesterol derivative found in human feces, gallstones, eggs, and other biological matter.	2.38	2	0	cholestanoid
sulphoraphene sulphoraphene: from radish; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
dolichols Dolichols: A class of polyprenols which contain approximately 20 isoprene residues. Although considered ISOPRENOIDS, they terminate with an alpha-saturated isoprenoid group at the hydroxy end of the molecule.	2.4	2	0	polyterpene
quaternium-15 quaternium-15 : A quaternary ammonium salt derived from hexamethylenetetramine; used as a preservative in many cosmetics and industrial substances. Also acts as a disinfectant and allergenic agent.	4.36	3	0
bambermycins Bambermycins: Antibiotic complex obtained from Streptomyces bambergiensis containing mainly Moenomycins A and C. They are used as feed additives and growth promoters for poultry, swine, and cattle.	2.6	1	0
cilastatin [no description available]	2.08	1	0	carboxamide; L-cysteine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organic sulfide	EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer	2.7	3	0
nitrocefin nitrocefin: chromogenic cephalosporin used for detection of beta-lactamase activity; Cefinase is name for nitrocefin on paper disc; RN given refers to (6R-(3(E),6 alpha,7 beta))-isomer; structure for mono-Na salt in second source	7.01	1	0
dehydroergosterol dehydroergosterol : A phytosterol consiting of ergostane having double bonds at the 5,6-, 7,8- 9,11- and 22,23-positions as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group.	2.21	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols	biomarker; metabolite
1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol [no description available]	2.15	1	0	1,2-diglyceride
mucidin mucidin: produced by basidiomycete Oudemansiella mucida; strobilurin A produced by wood rot fungus Strobilurus tenacellus;. mucidin : An enoate ester that is the methyl ester of (2E,3Z,5E)-2-(methoxymethylene)-3-methyl-6-phenylhexa-3,5-dienoic acid.	2.11	1	0	enoate ester; enol ether	antifungal agent; fungal metabolite
lumefantrine Lumefantrine: A fluorene derivative that is used in combination with ARTEMETHER for the treatment of MALARIA (see ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE DRUG COMBINATION).. lumefantrine : A member of the class of fluorenes that is 9-(p-chlorobenzylidene)-9H-fluorene which is substitutec by chlorine at positions 2 and 7, and by a 2-(dibutylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group at position 4. An antimalarial drug used in combination with artemether for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	2.42	2	0	fluorenes; monochlorobenzenes; secondary alcohol; tertiary amine	antimalarial
pectenotoxin 2 pectenotoxin 2: isolated from the marine sponges Poecillastra and Jaspis; structure in first source	2.31	1	0	polycyclic ether; spiroketal	marine metabolite
plastochromanol 8 plastochromanol 8: has antiproliferative activity against 3T3-L1 cells and anti-adipogenic activity; structure; plastochromanol 3 is gamma-tocotrienol	2.03	1	0
microcystin rr microcystin RR: structure given in first source; isolated cyanobacterium	2.05	1	0	microcystin; organic molecular entity	bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
oxonol v oxonol V: fluorescent probe; see also record for oxonol dyes (isoxazole); structure	1.95	1	0
phomopsin phomopsin: RN for cpd not in Chemline 7/18/83	2.05	1	0	oligopeptide
4-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-ol 4-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-ol: uterine relaxant isolated from Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.	2.11	1	0
comfrey Comfrey: Perennial herb Symphytum officinale, in the family Boraginaceae, used topically for wound healing. It contains ALLANTOIN, carotene, essential oils (OILS, VOLATILE); GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, resin, SAPONINS; TANNINS; triterpenoids, VITAMIN B12, and ZINC. Comfrey also contains PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS and is hepatotoxic if ingested.	2.05	1	0
2-chlorovinylarsonous acid 2-chlorovinylarsonous acid: major metabolite of lewisite; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
bacteriochlorophylls Bacteriochlorophylls: Pyrrole containing pigments found in photosynthetic bacteria.	2.9	4	0
picroside i picroside I: RN given for (1aS-(1aalpha,1bbeta,2beta(E),5abeta,6beta,6aalpha))-isomer; hepatoprotective agent; structure in first source	2.52	2	0
protochlorophyll protochlorophyll: RN given refers to protochlorophyll	7.04	1	0
diatoxanthin diatoxanthin: structure given in first source; RN given refers to all-trans isomer	2.13	1	0	triterpenoid
curdione curdione: from Curcuma wenyujin; structure in first source	2.04	1	0	germacrane sesquiterpenoid
tagitinin tagitinin: from Tithonia tagitiflora; RN given refers to tagitinin E; structures	7.06	1	0
everolimus [no description available]	2.41	1	0	cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
emerin emerin: a serine-rich protein; responsible for Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD)	2.04	1	0
mycophenolic acid glucuronide [no description available]	2.52	2	0
bifenthrin bifenthrin: a type I pyrethroid. bifenthrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and [(2-methyl-1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl]methanol.. kappa-bifenthrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (1R,3R)-3-[(1Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of [(2-methyl-1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl]methanol.	2.15	1	0	carboxylic ester; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
4-benzamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate [no description available]	2.06	1	0
diadinoxanthin diadinoxanthin: RN given refers to (beta,beta)-(3S,3'R,5R,6S)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.13	1	0	triterpenoid
aculeximycin aculeximycin: isolated from Streptosporangium albidum	1.97	1	0
chlorophyll chlorophyll a': RN refers to (SP-4-2-(3S-(3alpha(2E,7S,11S),4beta,21alpha)))-isomer	2.36	2	0
glutathionylcobalamin glutathionylcobalamin: an intermediate in formation of cobalamin coenzymes	2	1	0
ovatodiolide ovatodiolide: from Anisomeles indica; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
salvianolic acid B salvianolic acid B: isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza. salvianolic acid B : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is an antioxidant and free radical scavenging compound extracted from S. miltiorrhiza	2.44	2	0	1-benzofurans; catechols; dicarboxylic acid; enoate ester; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; osteogenesis regulator; plant metabolite
i(3)so3-galactosylceramide Sulfoglycosphingolipids: GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS with a sulfate group esterified to one of the sugar groups.. 1-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosyl)-N-tetracosanoylsphingosine : A D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine having a sulfo group at the 3-position on the galactose ring and tetracosanoyl as the N-acyl group.	3.2	6	0	galactosylceramide sulfate; N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylsphingosine
cobaltite cobaltite: a sulfosalt mineral composed of cobalt, arsenic and sulfur, CoAsS	2.06	1	0
19-hydroxycholesterol 19-hydroxycholesterol: structure given in first source	3.1	1	0	cholestanoid
allolactose [no description available]	1.99	1	0	glycosylglucose	Escherichia coli metabolite
indigo carmine 3,5-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid: from roots of Lychnophora ericoides; structure in first source. 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid : A carboxylic ester that is the diester obtained by the condensation of the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 of (-)-quinic acid with the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid. Isolated from Brazilian propolis and Suaeda glauca, it exhibits hepatoprotective and cytotoxic activities.	2.04	1	0
sorgoleone sorgoleone: Sorgoleone refers to a group of benzoquinones from Sorghum bicolor having 2-hydroxy and 5-methoxy substitutions and either a 15- or 17-carbon chain with one, two, or three double bonds at position 3; The name sorgoleone was first given to 5-methoxy-3-(8'Z,11'Z)-pentadeca-8'11'14'-trienylbenzene-1,2,4-triol but this is unstable and is easily oxidized to the quinone, sorgoleone-358, which is the major constituent of the root exudate; binds at PLASTOQUINONE site of PSII. sorgoleone : A member of the family of benzoquinones, sorgoleone is 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone in which the hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a (4Z,7Z)-pentadeca-1,4,7-trien-15-yl group.	2.03	1	0	monohydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones
beta-escin Escin: Pentacyclic triterpene saponins, biosynthesized from protoaescigenin and barringtogenol, occurring in the seeds of AESCULUS. It inhibits edema formation and decreases vascular fragility.	2.46	2	0	triterpenoid saponin
isoacteoside isoacteoside: a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from Indian paintbrush (Verbenaceae) Castilleja linariaefolia; also in other plants; structure given in first source	2.45	2	0	hydroxycinnamic acid
nifuroxime 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde oxime: structure in first source	2.42	2	0
fusaproliferin fusaproliferin: isolated from Fusarium proliferatum; structure in first source	2.01	1	0
manzamine a manzamine A: RN given refers to (1R-(1R,9Z,13S,13aR,20aR,21aR*)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/92. manzamine A : An alkaloid of the class of beta-carbolines isolated from Haliclona and Acanthostrongylophora. It exhibits inhibitory activity against Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (EC 2.7.11.26).	2.01	1	0	alkaloid; beta-carbolines; isoquinolines	animal metabolite; anti-HSV-1 agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; marine metabolite
beta-escin [no description available]	5.96	100	0
borneol [no description available]	3.1	1	0	borneol
melibiose alpha-D-Galp-(1->6)-alpha-D-Glcp : A glycosylglucose consisting of alpha-D-galactopyranose and alpha-D-glucopyranose residues joined in sequence by a (1->6) glycosidic bond.	1.99	1	0	glycosylglucose
4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate [no description available]	2	1	0
nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.	2.37	2	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
madecassic acid [no description available]	2.17	1	0
shellac shellac: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0
gadolinium dtpa Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)	1.99	1	0	gadolinium coordination entity	MRI contrast agent
porphyra-334 porphyra-334: structure in first source	2.46	2	0
morphinans Morphinans: Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS.	3.57	9	0	isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent; morphinane alkaloid
androstane androstane: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.17	1	0	steroid fundamental parent
ergoline Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors.	2.69	3	0	diamine; ergoline alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound
sq-23377 Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.	2.39	2	0	cyclic ether; enol; polyunsaturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid	calcium ionophore; metabolite
bufogenin bufogenin: respiratory stimulant; from toad; structure. bufogenin : A steroid lactone of Chan su (toad venom), a Chinese medicine obtained from the skin venom gland of toads. A specific Na/K-ATPase protein inhibitor, it is used as a cardiotonic and central nervous system (CNS) respiratory agent, an analgesic and anesthetic, and as a remedy for ulcers.	2.03	1	0	epoxy steroid; steroid lactone	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
ginsenoside rb2 [no description available]	2.47	2	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antiviral agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
dutasteride Dutasteride: A 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR that is reported to inhibit both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. dutasteride : An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland.	2.06	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aza-steroid; delta-lactam	antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
vildagliptin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	amino acid amide
mac321 MAC321: antineoplastic agent, phytogenic; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
bay 44-4400 Bay 44-4400: a semisynthetic derivative of anthelminitic cyclodepsipeptide; PF1022A. emodepside : A cyclooctadepsipeptide consisting of D-lactoyl, N-methyl-L-leucyl, 3-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-D-lactoyl, N-methyl-L-leucyl, D-lactoyl, N-methyl-L-leucyl, 3-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-D-lactoyl, and N-methyl-L-leucyl residues joined in sequence to give a 24-membered macrocycle. An anthelmintic, it is used with praziquantel for the treatment and control of hookworm, roundworm and tapeworm infections in cats.	2.06	1	0	cyclooctadepsipeptide; semisynthetic derivative	antinematodal drug
corosolic acid [no description available]	2.5	2	0	triterpenoid	metabolite
rebaudioside a rebaudioside A: glucoside isolated from the leaves of the paraguayan shrub, Stevia rebaudiana; has taste properties superior to stevioside; structure in first source. rebaudioside A : A rebaudioside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4 of the beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at the 13alpha position have both been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside.	3	4	0	beta-D-glucoside; rebaudioside; tetracyclic diterpenoid	sweetening agent
meso-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine meso-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine: structure	1.99	1	0
pinostrobin pinostrobin: structure in first source. pinostrobin : A monohydroxyflavanone that is (2S)-flavanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 and a methoxy group at position 7 respectively.	7.06	1	0	ether; flavonoids
isoborneol isoborneol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.98	4	0	borneol
staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.	2	1	0	ammonium ion derivative
chloralose Chloralose: A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most common use is as a general anesthetic in animal experiments.	1.95	1	0
loa lithocholic acid acetate: structure in first source	2.41	1	0
acryloyl-coenzyme a acryloyl-coenzyme A: used by Clostridium propionicum in the conversion of lactate to propionate. acryloyl-CoA : The S-acryloyl derivative of coenzyme A.	2.15	1	0	2-enoyl-CoA; monounsaturated fatty acyl-CoA	mouse metabolite
isotachysterol isotachysterol: RN given refers to (3beta,6E,22E)-isomer	1.97	1	0
hypericum Hypericum: Genus of perennial plants in the family CLUSIACEAE (sometimes classified as Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Hypericum contains flavonoids; GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, TANNINS; volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), hypericin and hyperforin.. 6-formamidopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid having a (6R)-formamido substituent.	4.79	30	0	penicillanic acids
phosphocreatine Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group.	2.66	3	0	phosphagen; phosphoamino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
oleanane oleanane: from the aerial roots of Ficus microcarpa; structure in first source	2.76	3	0	terpenoid fundamental parent; triterpene
bacteriochlorin bacteriochlorin: structure in first source. bacteriochlorin : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that consists of two pyrrole and two reduced pyrrole units connected by methine linkages, where the two reduced pyrroles are located diagonally opposite one another.	2.07	1	0
ursane ursane: structure in first source	2.88	3	0	terpenoid fundamental parent; triterpene
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	11.81	9	3	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent
mannich bases Mannich Bases: Ketonic amines prepared from the condensation of a ketone with formaldehyde and ammonia or a primary or secondary amine. A Mannich base can act as the equivalent of an alpha,beta unsaturated ketone in synthesis or can be reduced to form physiologically active amino alcohols.	2.81	3	0
formazans Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.	4.04	5	0
s 1743 Esomeprazole: The S-isomer of omeprazole.. esomeprazole : A 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole that has S configuration at the sulfur atom. An inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, it is used (generally as its sodium or magnesium salt) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.	3.98	2	1	magnesium salt	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
aldicarb Aldicarb: Carbamate derivative used as an insecticide, acaricide, and nematocide.. aldicarb : The oxime carbamate resulting from the addition of 2-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)propanaldoxime to methyl isocyanate. A member of the class of oxime carbamate insecticides, aldicarb is a mixture of E and Z isomers; it is not known which isomer is more active.	2.08	1	0
nifurtoinol nifurtoinol : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group and at position 3 by a hydroxymethyl group.	1.95	1	0	hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
desacetylcefotaxime desacetylcefotaxime: RN given refers to parent cpd (6R-(6alpha,7alpha(Z)))-isomer	1.97	1	0
fenpyroximate fenpyroximate: structure in first source	1.99	1	0	pyrazole acaricide; tert-butyl ester	mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor
vacuolin-1 vacuolin-1: inhibits Ca2-dependent lysosomal exocytosis	2.03	1	0
radafaxine radafaxine: a bupropion metabolite; radafaxine is a (+)-isomer of hydroxybupropion	2.03	1	0
desvenlafaxine succinate Desvenlafaxine Succinate: A cyclohexanol and phenol derivative and metabolite of venlafaxine that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.	2.06	1	0
5-hydroxylansoprazole 5-hydroxylansoprazole: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
sacubitril [no description available]	2.41	1	0	biphenyls
dehydroevodiamine dehydroevodiamine: RN given refers to hydroxide, inner salt; structure in first source.	2.42	2	0
sincalide Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.	2.07	1	0	oligopeptide
neoandrographolide neoandrographolide: structure in first source; isolated from Andrographis paniculata	2.1	1	0
ursodoxicoltaurine tauroursodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of tauroursodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. tauroursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.	2.6	1	0	bile acid taurine conjugate	anti-inflammatory agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bone density conservation agent; cardioprotective agent; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent
gambogic acid gambogic acid: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,1(Z),3abeta,5alpha,11beta,14aS*))-isomer	7.44	2	0	pyranoxanthones	metabolite
paliperidone palmitate Paliperidone Palmitate: A benzisoxazole derivative and active metabolite of RISPERIDONE that functions as a DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST. It is an ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-2-methyl-4-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-9-yl hexadecanoate : A fatty acid ester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the hydroxy group of 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one.. paliperidone palmitate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone palmitate. A long-acting injectable formulation of paliperidone (the major active metabolite of risperidone) that is used for treatment of schizophrenia.	2.05	1	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; fatty acid ester; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine
4-anisyltetrazolium blue tetrazolium blue : An organic chloride salt having tetrazolium blue(1+) as the counterion.	2.05	1	0	organic chloride salt	dye
tetraborate tetraborate: RN given refers to ion(2-). borate ion : Any inorganic anion that is formally derived from boric acid. The term includes polymeric anions containing chains of BO3 structural units sharing one oxygen atom (e.g. di-, tri-, and tetraborates) as well as chains or rings sharing two oxygen atoms (e.g. metaborates).	2.03	1	0
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	4.99	37	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
alloin alloin: isolated from various species of aloe; structure	2.21	1	0	diastereoisomeric mixture	EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; laxative
lipid a Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).	2.69	3	0	dodecanoate ester; lipid A; tetradecanoate ester	Escherichia coli metabolite
treosulfan treosulfan: immunosuppressant; RN given refers to (S-(R,R))-isomer	2.13	1	0	methanesulfonate ester
ginsenoside rb1 [no description available]	2.01	1	0	ginsenoside; glycoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; anti-obesity agent; apoptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
g(m2) ganglioside G(M2) Ganglioside: A glycosphingolipid that accumulates due to a deficiency of hexosaminidase A or B (BETA-N-ACETYLHEXOSAMINIDASES), or GM2 activator protein, resulting in GANGLIOSIDOSES, heredity metabolic disorders that include TAY-SACHS DISEASE and SANDHOFF DISEASE.. ganglioside GM2 (18:0) : A sialotriaosylceramide that is N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine in which the acyl group on the sphingosine nitrogen is octadecanoyl. A constituent of natural ganglioside GM2.	2.02	1	0	N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine; sialotriaosylceramide	antigen
monacolin j monacolin J: isolated from Monascus ruber; structure given in first source. monacolin J : A polyketide that is monacolin L bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at position 8.	7.66	2	0	2-pyranones; carbobicyclic compound; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; secondary alcohol	antimicrobial agent; EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite
cps 49 CPS 49: has antineoplastic activity	2.07	1	0
thiocolchicoside thiocolchicoside: used in combination with glafenine and meprobamate to tranquilize patients undergoing hysterosalpingography; structure	2.06	1	0	glycoside
norcodeine norcodeine: RN given refers to (5 alpha,6 alpha)-isomer. norcodeine : A morphinane-like compound that is the N-demethylated derivative of codeine.	3.1	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
n-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)tetrahydropyrazine-1(2h)-carboxamide N-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)tetrahydropyrazine-1(2H)-carboxamide: a vanilloid receptor 1 antagonist and analgesic; structure in first source	2.46	2	0	piperazines; pyridines
tocotrienols tocotrienol : A tocol in which the hydrocarbon chain at position 2 contains three double bonds.	2.52	2	0	diterpenoid
cc 1065 CC 1065: from Streptomyces zelensis; structure in second sourc	2.02	1	0
zeolites [no description available]	7.86	70	0
tetramethylrhodamine tetramethylrhodamine: RN given refers to perchlorate; structure	2	1	0	xanthene dye
e-6087 enflicoxib: structure in first source	2.42	2	0
azd 0837 AZD 0837: anticoagulant prodrug of AR-H067637	2.07	1	0
ubiquinol ubiquinol: reduced forms of ubiquinone; see also record for ubiquinol 10. ubiquinol-10 : A ubiquinol in which the polyprenyl substituent is decaprenyl.	7.41	2	0	polyprenylhydroquinone; ubiquinol	biomarker; metabolite
g(m1) ganglioside G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage.	2.44	2	0	alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine; sialotetraosylceramide
4-hydroxyestrone 4-hydroxyestrone : A 4-hydroxy steroid that is estrone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4.	3.1	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; 4-hydroxy steroid; catechols; phenolic steroid	carcinogenic agent; estrogen; human urinary metabolite
pipernonaline pipernonaline: derived from long pepper, Piper longum; structure in first source	2.01	1	0	benzodioxoles
aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.	4.74	29	0
hypaconitine hypaconitine: RN given refers to the (1alpha,6alpha,14alpha,15alpha,16beta)-isomer	2.08	1	0
3-nitrooxypropanol 3-nitrooxypropanol: structure in first source	2.41	1	0
opuntiol opuntiol: structure in first source	7.31	1	0
crebanine crebanine: RN refers to R-isomer; structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
cholest-8(14)-en-3-ol-15-one cholest-8(14)-en-3-ol-15-one: structure given in first source; regulator of cholesterol metabolism; RN given refers to (3beta,5alpha)-isomer. 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-15-one : A 3beta-hydroxysteroid consisting of 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-cholest-8(14)-ene having an additional oxo group at the 15-position.	1.98	1	0	15-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid
6-hydroxytaxol 6-hydroxytaxol: structure in first source. 6-hydroxypaclitaxel : A taxane diterpenoid that consists of paclitaxel bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at the 6alpha-position.	2.41	2	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent
methionine sulfoxide methionine sulfoxide: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. L-methionine (R)-S-oxide : The (R)-oxido diastereomer of L-methionine S-oxide.	2.02	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-methionine S-oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite
vorapaxar vorapaxar: has antiplatelet activity; structure in first source. vorapaxar : A carbamate ester that is the ethyl ester of [(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-{(E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-yl]ethynyl}-1-methyl-3-oxododecahydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-yl]carbamic acid. A protease-activated receptor-1 antagonist used (as its sulfate salt) for the reduction of thrombotic cardiovascular events in patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) or with peripheral arterial disease. It has been shown to reduce the rate of a combined endpoint of cardiovascular death, MI, stroke and urgent coronary revascularisation.	2.31	1	0	carbamate ester; lactone; naphthofuran; organofluorine compound; pyridines	cardiovascular drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protease-activated receptor-1 antagonist
phosphoramidite phosphoramidite: structure in first source. phosphoramidite : A compound with the general formula (RO)2PNR2. Phosphoramidites can be regarded as phosphites that have an NR2 instead of an OH group, or as amides of phosphorous acid.	2.03	1	0
beta-bisabolene (S)-beta-bisabolene : A beta-bisabolene which has (1S)-configuration.. beta-bisabolene : A bisabolene that is cyclohexene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a 6-methylhepta-1,5-dien-2-yl group at position 4.	2.07	1	0	beta-bisabolene
cystathionine Cystathionine: Sulfur-containing amino acid formed as an intermediate in the conversion of METHIONINE to CYSTEINE.. cystathionine : A modified amino acid generated by enzymic means from homocysteine and serine.	1.95	1	0	cysteine derivative
tribulus Tribulus: A plant genus of the family ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. Members contain steroidal saponins. Ingestion by grazing animals causes PHOTOSENSITIVITY DISORDERS called geeldikkop (yellow thick head) in South Africa.	3.1	4	0
sepantronium sepantronium: a survivin suppressant with antineoplastic activity. sepantronium : An organic cation that is 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-methyl-1H-naphtho[2,3-d]imidazole-4,9-dione in which the nitrogen at position 3 of the napthoimidazole moiety has been alkylated by a pyrazin-2-ylmethyl group.	2.11	1	0	organic cation
heptakis(2,6-o-dimethyl)beta-cyclodextrin heptakis(2,6-O-dimethyl)beta-cyclodextrin: stimulant for Bordetella pertussis Phase I	2.71	3	0
sargahydroquinoic acid sargahydroquinoic acid: vasodilatator from the brown alga Sargassum macrocarpum; structure in first source	2.21	1	0
struvite Struvite: The mineral magnesium ammonium phosphate with the formula NH4MgPO4. It is associated with urea-splitting organisms in a high magnesium, high phosphate, alkaline environment. Accumulation of crystallized struvite is found in the urinary tract as struvite CALCULI and as scale on sewage system equipment and wastewater pipes.	2.07	1	0	hydrate; phosphate mineral	fertilizer
artenimol artenimol: derivative of antimalarial drug artemisinin (quinghaosu)	2.1	1	0
anomalin anomalin: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (Z)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 10/90	2.05	1	0
11 beta-hydroxyandrosterone 11 beta-hydroxyandrosterone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5alpha,11beta)-isomer; structure	3.1	1	0	3-hydroxy steroid	androgen
alpha-synuclein alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.	3.74	9	0
eledoisin Eledoisin: A peptide extracted from the posterior salivary glands of certain small octopi (Eledone spp., Mollusca), or obtained by synthesis. Its actions resemble those of SUBSTANCE P; it is a potent vasodilator and increases capillary permeability. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1364)	1.93	1	0	peptide
2-hydroxyestriol 2-hydroxyestriol: structure	3.1	1	0
segetalin b segetalin B: isolated from Vaccaria segetalis; structure in first source	2.06	1	0
jwh 018 1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole: structure in first source	2.57	2	0	indolecarboxamide
lansoprazole sulfone [no description available]	2.04	1	0
anabaenopeptin b anabaenopeptin B: from cyanobacteria Planktothrix (Oscillatoria) rubescens	2.03	1	0
norvancomycin norvancomycin: glycopeptide; adverse reactions tend to occur in older patients, those who use other antibiotic concomitantly or those who receive this agent longer than 14 days	2.6	1	0
2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone: has antineoplastic activity; blocks NF-kappaB p65 activation; structure in first source; do not confuse with DMC cpd. 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2' and 4', a methoxy group at position 6' and methyl groups at positions 3' and 5'. Isolated from the buds of Cleistocalyx operculatus, it has been shown to exhibit inhibitory effects on the viral neuraminidases from two influenza viral strains, H1N1 and H9N2.	2.15	1	0	chalcones; monomethoxybenzene; resorcinols	EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
2'-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde 2'-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde: induces apoptosis in cancer cells; possible antineoplastic agent	2.05	1	0
jwh-073 [no description available]	2.08	1	0	indolecarboxamide
segetalin a segetalin A: isolated from Vaccaria segetalis; structure in first source	2.06	1	0
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.	3.5	8	0
sch 442416 SCH 442416: an adenosine A2A receptor ligand	2.04	1	0	triazolopyrimidines
nigranoic acid nigranoic acid: from stem of Schisandra sphaerandra; structure in first source. nigranoic acid : A tetracyclic triterpenoid that is 3,4-secocycloarta-4(28),24-(Z)-diene substituted by carboxy groups at positions 3 and 26. Isolated from Schisandra henryi and Schisandra propinqua, it exhibits cytotoxic and anti-HIV activities.	2.1	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; metabolite
1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide: showed developmental toxicity on Daphnia magna	2.31	1	0
calyciphylline a calyciphylline A: a hexacyclic alkaloid from Daphniphyllum calycinum; structure in first source	2.41	1	0
d-ribo-phytosphingosine-1-phosphate phytosphingosine-1-phosphate: structure in first source. phytosphingosine 1-phosphate : A phosphosphingolipid that is phytosphingosine bearing a phospho group at position 1.	2.07	1	0	sphingoid 1-phosphate	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ribose ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose.	10.26	17	0	D-ribose; ribopyranose
molybdenum carbide molybdenum carbide: catalyst for the hydrodeoxygenation of vegetable oils	2.11	1	0
acebutolol alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.	5.17	15	0	alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose
cobalt thiocyanate [no description available]	2	1	0
ethyl glucoside ethyl glucoside: RN given for (D)-isomer of unspecified ring form of glucose	2.01	1	0
siphonaxanthin siphonaxanthin: keto-carotenoid from Microthamnion (algae, green); RN is from 9th CI; cpd not in Chemline 9/17/82; structure	2.04	1	0
brimonidine tartrate Brimonidine Tartrate: A quinoxaline derivative and ADRENERGIC ALHPA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST that is used to manage INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE associated with OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.	2.4	2	0
procyanidin b1 procyanidin B1 : A proanthocyanidin consisting of (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin units joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' respectively in a beta-configuration.. Procyanidin B1 can be found in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark or cortex), in Uncaria guianensis (cat's claw, in the root), and in Vitis vinifera (common grape vine, in the leaf) or in peach.	2.41	1	0	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavan; polyphenol; proanthocyanidin	anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; metabolite
cardanol cardanol: from pink pepper; phenol with hydrocarbon side chain which can vary in length & unsaturation	2.01	1	0	phenols
chlorantranilipole chlorantranilipole: anthranilic diamide insecticide.that disrupts mating in codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). chlorantraniliprole : A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of 3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide. The first of the anthranilic diamide insecticides, it is a ryanodine receptor activator and is used to protect a wide variety of crops, including corn, cotton, grapes, rice and potatoes.	2.57	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; organobromine compound; pyrazole insecticide; pyrazoles; pyridines; secondary carboxamide	ryanodine receptor agonist
nystatin a1 Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.	3.08	5	0	nystatins
pirarubicin [no description available]	2	1	0	anthracycline
apoptolidin apoptolidin: an apoptosis inducer in transformed cells from Nocardiopsis sp.; structure in first source	2.01	1	0
trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl ether 2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl ether: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
karwinskia toxin t-514 Karwinskia toxin T-514: structure given in first source; isolated from Karwinskia humboldtiana	2	1	0
bxl628 BXL628: a calcitriol analog for Inhibition of prostate cell growth; in phase II clinical trial in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (4/2004)	2.01	1	0
kalopanax saponin b kalopanax saponin B: isolated from Kalopanax septemlobus; structure given in first source. kalopanaxsaponin B : A triterpenoid saponin with hederagenin as the aglycone part. It has been isolated from the stem bark of Kalopanax pictus.	2.07	1	0	carboxylic ester; pentacyclic triterpenoid; triterpenoid saponin	anti-inflammatory agent; plant metabolite
erinacerin a erinacerin A: aromatic compound from Hericium erinaceum; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
sitagliptin phosphate Sitagliptin Phosphate: A pyrazine-derived DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that increases the levels of the INCRETIN hormones GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.	2.13	1	0
chlorophyll b [no description available]	2.74	3	0	chlorophyll	cofactor
2,4,3',5'-tetrahydroxystilbene oleocanthal: newly pressed extra-virgin olive oil contains oleocanthal, acting as a natural anti-inflammatory compound that has a potency and profile strikingly similar to that of ibuprofen; structure in first source. oleocanthal : A carboxylic ester that is the 2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of (3S)-4-formyl-3-(2-oxoethyl)hex-4-enoic acid. Oleocanthal is found in olive oil but it is not clear whether the natural product is a mixture of E/Z isomers or a single isomer as the two isomers readily interconvert in solution; most pharmacological studies will have been performed using a mixture.	2.15	1	0
cefdinir Cefdinir: A third-generation oral cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used to treat bacterial infections of the respiratory tract and skin.. cefdinir : A cephalosporin compound having 7beta-2-(2-amino-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[(Z)-hydroxyimino]-acetylamino- and 3-vinyl side groups.	2.07	1	0
andrograpanin andrograpanin: an NSAID isolated from Andrographis paniculata; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
neotuberostemonine neotuberostemonine: from Stemona collinsae; structure in first source	2.15	1	0	alkaloid	metabolite
ginsenoside rd ginsenoside Rd: RN refers to (3beta,12beta)-isomer. ginsenoside Rd : A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to its beta-D-glucopyranoside.	2.6	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; apoptosis inducer; immunosuppressive agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; vulnerary
cyclo-tetra-glucose cycloalternan: structure in first source. cyclobis-(1->6)-alpha-nigerosyl : A cyclic tetrasaccharide constructed from four alpha-glucopyranosyl residues joined by alternate alpha-(1->6)- and alpha-(1->3)-linkages.	2.11	1	0	macrocycle; tetrasaccharide
avrainvillamide avrainvillamide: from Aspergillus sp.; structure in first source	2.01	1	0	1-benzopyran
losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.	7.7	10	1
himeic acid a himeic acid A: structure in first source	2.17	1	0
granite granite: crystalline rock of quartz, orthoclase, muscovite & biotite	2.04	1	0	triazolopyrimidines
alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1->3)]-D-GlcpNAc Sialyl Lewis X Antigen: A sialylated version of Lewis X antigen expressed on cell surfaces. It is a ligand for SELECTINS.. alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1->3)]-D-GlcpNAc : A branched amino tetrasaccharide consisting of a sialyl residue, linked (2->3) to a galactosyl residue that in turn is linked (1->4) to a glucosaminyl residue, which is also carrying a fucosyl residue at the 3-position.	2.01	1	0	amino tetrasaccharide; glucosamine oligosaccharide	epitope
pulvomycin pulvomycin: isolated from culture MA-2465; structure	1.94	1	0
2-(n-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose 2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose: fluorescent probe for glucose uptake activity in E coli; structure given in first source	2.11	1	0
octanoylcarnitine octanoylcarnitine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. O-octanoyl-L-carnitine : The L-enantiomer of an O-octanoylcarnitine.	2.08	1	0	O-octanoylcarnitine; saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine	human metabolite
palmitoylcarnitine Palmitoylcarnitine: A long-chain fatty acid ester of carnitine which facilitates the transfer of long-chain fatty acids from cytoplasm into mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.. O-palmitoyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine in which the acyl group is specified as palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl).	2.72	3	0	O-palmitoylcarnitine; saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
bacteriochlorophylls Bacteriochlorophyll A: A specific bacteriochlorophyll that is similar in structure to chlorophyll a.. bacteriochlorophyll : Chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria.	2.49	2	0	bacteriochlorophyll; methyl ester
n-acetylfucosamine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	amino sugar
dihydromonacolin l dihydromonacolin L: isolated from Monaseus ruber; MF: C19-H30-O3; structure given in first source. dihydromonacolin L : A pyranone obtained by selective hydrogenation of the 4a,5-double bond in monacolin L.	2.41	1	0	2-pyranones; octahydronaphthalenes
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	3.59	9	0	benzoxazole
dextrothyroxine [no description available]	3.46	7	0
sepharose agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.	3.8	11	0
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	4.01	13	0
asperulosidic acid asperulosidic acid: from the fruit juice of Morinda citrifolia (noni), a plant originally grown in the Hawaiian and Tahitian islands, has long been used by islanders to treat diseases, including cancer; structure in first source	2.02	1	0	glycoside; iridoid monoterpenoid
cinobufagin cinobufagin: isolated from Chinese medicinal preparation ch'an su; derived from toad venom	2.03	1	0	steroid lactone
vindoline [no description available]	2.05	1	0
brexpiprazole brexpiprazole: a serotonin agent; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).	1.94	1	0
tryptophan octyl ester [no description available]	2	1	0
chamaechromone chamaechromone: an anti-hepatitis B virus agent isolated from Stellera chamaejasme; structure in first source	2.06	1	0
resorcinarene resorcinarene: structure in first source	2.55	2	0
5-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline n-oxide 5-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide: structure in first source	2.45	2	0
n-butylpyridinium [no description available]	2.02	1	0
6-o-angeloylprenolin 6-O-angeloylprenolin: from Centipeda minima was found to show inhibitory activity on farnesyl protein transferase (FPTase); structure in first source	2.03	1	0
phytosterols Phytosterols: A class of organic compounds known as sterols or STEROIDS derived from plants.. phytosterols : Sterols similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond.	8.08	27	1
corynomycolic acid corynomycolic acid: linked as 6,6'-dicorynomycolyl-trehalose (cord factor structure) in Brevibacterium vitarumen. corynomycolic acid : A thirty-two membered mycolic acid consisting of 3-hydroxystearic acid having a tetradecyl group at the 2-position.	2.01	1	0	3-hydroxy fatty acid; mycolic acid
myricetin-3-o-galactoside myricetin-3-O-galactoside: antioxidant and antigenotoxic from Myrtus communis; structure in first source	2.08	1	0
oleanonic acid oleanonic acid: structure in first source	2.02	1	0
clove Madagascar: One of the Indian Ocean Islands off the southeast coast of Africa. Its capital is Antananarivo. It was formerly called the Malagasy Republic. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1500, its history has been tied predominantly to the French, becoming a French protectorate in 1882, a French colony in 1896, and a territory within the French union in 1946. The Malagasy Republic was established in the French Community in 1958 but it achieved independence in 1960. Its name was changed to Madagascar in 1975. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p714)	4.55	23	0
ginsenoside rc [no description available]	2.1	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
ginsenoside rb3 [no description available]	2.44	2	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antidepressant; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; plant metabolite
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	4.33	20	0
eosine i bluish Eosine I Bluish: A red fluorescein dye used as a histologic stain. It may be cytotoxic, mutagenic, and inhibit certain mitochondrial functions.	1.99	1	0	organic sodium salt	fluorescent dye; histological dye
erythrosine Erythrosine: A tetraiodofluorescein used as a red coloring in some foods (cherries, fish), as a disclosure of DENTAL PLAQUE, and as a stain of some cell types. It has structural similarity to THYROXINE.. erythrosin B : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-oxido-3-oxo-8a,10a-dihydroxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid.	1.97	1	0
mefloquine Mefloquine: A phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (ANTIMALARIALS). It is very effective against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM with very few side effects.. mefloquine : A racemate composed of (+)-(11R,2'S)- and (-)-(11S,2'R)-enantiomers of mefloquine. An antimalarial agent which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.	2.98	4	0
ants Ants: Insects of the family Formicidae, very common and widespread, probably the most successful of all the insect groups. All ants are social insects, and most colonies contain three castes, queens, males, and workers. Their habits are often very elaborate and a great many studies have been made of ant behavior. Ants produce a number of secretions that function in offense, defense, and communication. (From Borror, et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p676)	4.3	18	0
cromolyn sodium [no description available]	2.05	1	0
ammonium citrate [no description available]	2.06	1	0	ammonium salt; citrate salt	buffer; food emulsifier
bisdesmoside bisdesmoside: cytotoxic saponin from tubers of Bolbostemma paniculatum; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
(3z,6alpha,7alpha)-isomer of 3-butylidene-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-6,7-dihydroxy-1(3h)-isobenzofuranone senkyunolide H: from Ligusticum chuanxiong; structure nin first source	2.1	1	0	2-benzofurans
rosmanol rosmanol: structure in first source	2.42	2	0
yessotoxin yessotoxin: produced by dinoflagellates and accumulated in invertebrates (e.g., Patinopecten gessoensis also known as YESSO SCALLOP) that feed on them. RN given refers to parent compound	2.48	2	0	ciguatoxin
prim-o-glucosylcimifugin prim-O-glucosylcimifugin: from Peucedanum dissolutum; structure in first source	2.08	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle
4-nitrophenyl-n,n',n'',n''',n''''-pentaacetyl-beta-chitopentaoside 4-nitrophenyl-N,N',N'',N''',N''''-pentaacetyl-beta-chitopentaoside: synthetic substrate for the colorimetric assay of lysozyme; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
cysteinyldopa Cysteinyldopa: Found in large amounts in the plasma and urine of patients with malignant melanoma. It is therefore used in the diagnosis of melanoma and for the detection of postoperative metastases. Cysteinyldopa is believed to be formed by the rapid enzymatic hydrolysis of 5-S-glutathionedopa found in melanin-producing cells.	1.97	1	0	catecholamine; zwitterion
nodularin nodularin: cyclic pentapeptide toxin from NODULARIA SPUMIGENA	2.72	3	0	ether
curcumol [no description available]	2.04	1	0	sesquiterpenoid
8-hydroxydihydrosanguinarine 8-hydroxydihydrosanguinarine: compound with potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity from Chelidonium majus L.; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
atractylenolide ii atractylenolide II: from Atractylodes ovata; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	sesquiterpene lactone
murexide Murexide: 5,5'-Nitrilodibarbituric acid ammonium derivative. Used as an indicator for complexometric titrations.	1.94	1	0
periplocin periplocin: isolated from Periploca calophylla	2.05	1	0
hypocrellin a hypocrellin A: isolated from fungus Hypocrella bambusae sacc	1.97	1	0
lyoniside lyoniside: see also eleutherosides & syringin for eleutheroside B: 118-34-3; RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer	2.77	3	0
perylenetetracarboxylic diimide perylenetetracarboxylic diimide: structure in first source	2.1	1	0
physalaemin Physalaemin: An oligopeptide isolated from the skin of Physalaemus fuscumaculatus, a South American frog. It is a typical kinin, resembling SUBSTANCE P in structure and action and has been proposed as a sialagogue, antihypertensive, and vasodilator.	2.37	2	0
6-methoxydihydrosanguinarine 6-methoxydihydrosanguinarine: from Corydalis tashiroi (Fumariaceae); structure in first source	7.05	1	0
jaw [no description available]	2.35	2	0	indolecarboxamide
dehydroeburicoic acid dehydroeburicoic acid: structure in first source	2.17	1	0	bile acid
aflatoxin m1 Aflatoxin M1: A 4-hydroxylated metabolite of AFLATOXIN B1, one of the MYCOTOXINS from ASPERGILLUS tainted food. It is associated with LIVER damage and cancer resulting from its P450 activation to the epoxide which alkylates DNA. Toxicity depends on the balance of liver enzymes that activate it (CYTOCHROME P-450) and others that detoxify it (GLUTATHIONE S TRANSFERASE) (Pharmac Ther 50.443 1991). Primates & rat are sensitive while mouse and hamster are tolerant (Canc Res 29.236 1969).. aflatoxin M1 : A member of the class of aflatoxins that is aflatoxin B1 in which the hydrogen at position 9a is replaced by a hydroxy group.	1.98	1	0	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; tertiary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mammalian metabolite
fortunellin fortunellin: from Mentha piperita; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
cyanidin-3-o-beta-glucopyranoside cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside: a natural compound distributed in several fruits & vegetables, such as strawberry, rhubarb, cherry, red cabbage, red onion, cranberries, etc.	2.49	2	0
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	8.69	126	0	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mdv 3100 [no description available]	2.08	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; benzamides; imidazolidinone; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; thiocarbonyl compound	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
stemoninine stemoninine: an antitussive agent isolated from the roots of Stemona tuberosa; structure in first source	2.15	1	0
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	4.57	23	0
niga-ichigoside f1 niga-ichigoside F1: RN given for (2alpha,3beta,4alpha)-isomer. 19alpha-hydroxyasiatic acid-28-O-beta-D-glucopyrannoside : A triterpenoid saponin that is 19alpha-hydroxyasiatic acid attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 28 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the leaves of Rosa laevigata.	2.13	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tetrol; triterpenoid saponin	plant metabolite
feruloyldopamine feruloyldopamine: a dopamine metabolite isolated from tomatoes after infection by Pseudomonas syringae; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
melitten Melitten: Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has cytolytic properties, causes contracture of muscle, releases histamine, and disrupts surface tension, probably due to lysis of cell and mitochondrial membranes.	4.13	16	0
cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.	2.35	2	0
ceruletide Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.	2.43	2	0	oligopeptide	diagnostic agent; gastrointestinal drug
dynorphins Dynorphins: A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptides. Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters.	2.39	2	0
helical erythrocyte lysing peptide helical erythrocyte lysing peptide: amino acid sequence given in first source; synthetic, 26-residue peptide having a strong helix forming potential in the protonated state; induces pH-triggered haemolysis of human erythrocytes	1.98	1	0
alamethicin Alamethicin: A cyclic nonadecapeptide antibiotic that can act as an ionophore and is produced by strains of Trichoderma viride. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	3.24	6	0
orcokinin orcokinin: amino acid sequence given in first source; a myotropic peptide isolated from the crayfish Orconectes limosus	2.46	2	0
gastrins Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.	2.41	1	0
gramicidin a Gramicidin: A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN.	4.33	20	0
antiamoebin antiamoebin: antiprotozoal, anthelmintic antibiotic produced by the fungus Emericellopsis poonensis Thirum	7.03	1	0
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.	4.74	7	1	peptide hormone
beta-endorphin beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC).	7.67	3	0
emerimicins Peptaibols: A group of peptides characterized by length of 1-2 dozen residues with a high proportion of them being non-proteinogenic, notably alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) and isovaline, and have a C-terminal amino alcohol and N terminal alkyl group. They are found in FUNGI and some are ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS. They form channels or pores in target organisms. The term is a contraction of peptide-Aib-alcohol.	3.63	9	0
sauvagine sauvagine: isolated from skin of South American hylid frog, Phyllomedusa sauvagei; has hypotensive & antidiuretic effect; potent stimulating action on secretion of ACTH & corticosterone; inhibitory effect on secretion of PRL, GH, & TSH; consists of straight chain of 40 amino acid residues	6.95	1	0
iberiotoxin [no description available]	2.03	1	0
ampullosporin ampullosporin: a 15-membered peptaibol-type antibiotic from Sepedonium ampullosporum; structure given in first source	2.13	1	0
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.	7.69	78	0
oligonucleotides [no description available]	4.13	16	0
c-peptide C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.	2.06	1	0
sulfomycin [no description available]	2	1	0
ristocetin Ristocetin: An antibiotic mixture of two components, A and B, obtained from Nocardia lurida (or the same substance produced by any other means). It is no longer used clinically because of its toxicity. It causes platelet agglutination and blood coagulation and is used to assay those functions in vitro.. ristocetin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is produced by species of Amycolatopsis and Nocardia.	1.94	1	0	glycopeptide; heterodetic cyclic peptide; macrocycle; tetrasaccharide derivative	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; platelet-activating factor receptor agonist
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	12.85	946	0	glycoside
sodium borate borax: see also sodium borate. borax : A hydrate that is the decahydrate form of disodium tetraborate.	2.03	1	0
perovskite calcium titanate : A calcium salt with the formula CaTiO3, generally obtained in the form of the mineral perovskite.	2.77	3	0
sodium titanate [no description available]	2.21	1	0
endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)	2.73	3	0
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	6.71	76	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
barium ferrite [no description available]	7.21	1	0
atractyloside Atractyloside: A glycoside of a kaurene type diterpene that is found in some plants including Atractylis gummifera (ATRACTYLIS); COFFEE; XANTHIUM, and CALLILEPIS. Toxicity is due to inhibition of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCASE.	1.95	1	0
(9R)-9-chloro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxy-1-oxoethyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one Beclomethasone: An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA.. beclomethasone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is prednisolone in which the hydrogens at the 9alpha and 16beta positions are substituted by a chlorine and a methyl group, respectively.	2.02	1	0	21-hydroxy steroid
nk 5 NK 5: antioxidant containing divalent cations of iron, manganese, & cobalt	2.03	1	0	organic iodide salt; quinolines	fluorochrome
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	6.56	63	0	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
vendex Torque: The rotational force about an axis that is equal to the product of a force times the distance from the axis where the force is applied.	2.92	4	0	organotin acaricide
dihydroceramide dihydroceramide: lacks the 4-5 trans double bond of the sphingosine moiety of ceramides; structure in first source. N-acylsphinganine : A ceramide consisting of sphinganine in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a fatty acyl group.. dihydroceramide : An N-acylsphingoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of any fatty acid with the amino group of any dihydrosphingoid base.	2.07	1	0
silanediol silanediol: structure in first source	2.06	1	0	silicon hydroxide
hoe 33342 bisbenzimide ethoxide trihydrochloride: benzimidazole fluorescent dye	2	1	0
sodium salicylate [no description available]	2.65	3	0	organic molecular entity
sphingosine kinase [no description available]	4.51	20	0
ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.	10.97	25	1
ethyl glucuronide ethyl glucuronide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (BETA-D)-isomer. ethyl glucuronide : A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid that is the ethyl derivative of beta-D-glucuronic acid.	8.4	7	0	beta-D-glucosiduronic acid	human urinary metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol-elenolic acid dialdehyde oleacein: found in olive oil; structure in first source	2.15	1	0	alcohol; phenols
alpha-amanitin Alpha-Amanitin: A cyclic octapeptide with a thioether bridge between the cystine and tryptophan. It inhibits RNA POLYMERASE II. Poisoning may require LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.. alpha-amanitin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide consisting of eight amino acid residues and containing a thioether bridge between a cysteine and a tryptophan residue. It is found in a number of poisonous mushrooms, including Amanita phalloides (the death cap), Galerina marginata, and and Conocybe filaris.	2.04	1	0
dinophysistoxin 1 dinophysistoxin 1: from toxic dinoflagellate Dinophysis fortii; RN given for (35R)-isomer; structure given in first source. dinophysistoxin 1 : A ketal that is a marine toxin structurally related to okadaic acid. Produced by dinoflagellates it is known to accumulate in shellfish and cause diarrhoeic shellfish poisoning. It is an inhibitor of serine/threonine protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and PP2A and has been shown to promote cancer cell growth in tumour cell lines and animal models.	2.59	2	0	ketal	animal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; marine metabolite; toxin
lithium borohydride [no description available]	2.01	1	0
lucifer yellow lucifer yellow: RN given refers to di-Li salt	1.99	1	0	organic lithium salt	fluorochrome
glycochenodeoxycholate-3-sulfate sulfoglycochenodeoxycholic acid : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-O-sulfo derivative of glycochenodeoxycholic acid.	2.41	1	0	7alpha-hydroxy steroid; bile acid glycine conjugate; steroid sulfate	metabolite
sapogenins Sapogenins: The aglucon moiety of a saponin molecule. It may be triterpenoid or steroid, usually spirostan, in nature.	2.72	3	0
guanidine isothiocyanate [no description available]	2.06	1	0
1,2,4-trioxane 1,2,4-trioxane: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
azaspiracid azaspiracid: a toxin from mussels produced in Ireland that caused multiple organ damage; structure in first source	2.31	1	0
pseudoginsenoside f11 pseudoginsenoside F11: isolated from Panax quinquefolium L.	2.05	1	0
strospeside strospeside : A cardenolide glycoside in which the parent structure gitoxigenin is glycosylated at the 3beta-hydroxy group by beta-D-digitalose.	2.15	1	0	cardenolide glycoside
chitosan [no description available]	7.31	51	0
s-nitro-n-acetylpenicillamine S-nitro-N-acetylpenicillamine: a NO donor	2.03	1	0
mesna Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.	4.94	12	0	organosulfonic acid
sodium oxybate Sodium Oxybate: The sodium salt of 4-hydroxybutyric acid. It is used for both induction and maintenance of ANESTHESIA.	4.07	4	0
bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.	2.66	3	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
sodium stearyl fumarate sodium stearyl fumarate: an excipient	2.03	1	0
tert-butoxide, potassium [no description available]	1.98	1	0
lithium perchlorate lithium perchlorate: stabilizes DNA-polycation complex; RN given refers to parent compound	7.42	2	0
potassium iodate [no description available]	2.01	1	0
sodium hypochlorite Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.	5.28	17	0	inorganic sodium salt	bleaching agent; disinfectant
monoperoxysulfate monoperoxysulfate: RN given refers to mono-Na salt	2.11	1	0
sodium nitrite Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.	2.91	4	0	inorganic sodium salt; nitrite salt	antidote to cyanide poisoning; antihypertensive agent; antimicrobial food preservative; food antioxidant; poison
raltegravir potassium Raltegravir Potassium: A pyrrolidinone derivative and HIV INTEGRASE INHIBITOR that is used in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS for the treatment of HIV INFECTION.	3.38	2	0
sarkosyl sarkosyl: RN given is for sarkosyl L, the parent cpd; structure	2.42	2	0
potassium bromate potassium bromate: used as bread improver	2.06	1	0	bromate salt; potassium salt	flour treatment agent
methyl orange methyl orange: indictor of pH with strong acids & bases; also used as reagent to form ion pairs with, and thereby isolate, certain compounds from biological material; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search AZO COMPOUNDS (75-86); file maintained to Azo cpds	2.15	1	0
stearates Stearates: Salts and esters of the 18-carbon saturated, monocarboxylic acid--stearic acid.	2.71	3	0
sodium iodate sodium iodate: RN given refers to iodic acid, Na salt	1.98	1	0	organic molecular entity
sodium glutamate Sodium Glutamate: One of the FLAVORING AGENTS used to impart a meat-like flavor.. monosodium glutamate : An organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of glutamic acid.	8.14	5	0	monosodium glutamate	flavouring agent
4-sulfophenylmethallyl ether [no description available]	2.21	1	0
merocyanine dye merocyanine dye: fluorescent dye used for studying axons 2 position on pyrimidine ring may be S or O; RN given refers to Na salt; structure	2.77	3	0
ro13-9904 Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.	2.41	2	0
sodium tetraethylborate [no description available]	2.39	2	0
sodium pertechnetate tc 99m Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and cerebral circulation, brain, thyroid, and joints.	1.97	1	0
sodium ethylxanthate Sex: The totality of characteristics of reproductive structure, functions, PHENOTYPE, and GENOTYPE, differentiating the MALE from the FEMALE organism.	2.65	3	0
chiniofon Hydroxyquinolines: The 8-hydroxy derivatives inhibit various enzymes and their halogenated derivatives, though neurotoxic, are used as topical anti-infective agents, among other uses.	3.41	7	0
dihydroxyaluminum sodium carbonate dihydroxyaluminum sodium carbonate: RN given refers to Na salt	2.05	1	0
echinomycin Echinomycin: A cytotoxic polypeptide quinoxaline antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces echinatus that binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis.	1.95	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide
hygromycin b [no description available]	2.42	2	0
forsythoside b forsythoside B: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
methyl jasmonate [no description available]	3.01	3	0
liriodendrin liriodendrin: 573-33-4 is liriodendrin; from bark of Plumeria rubra; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
rubusoside rubusoside: from RUBUS. rubusoside : A steviol glycoside that is steviol in which both the carboxy group and the tertiary allylic hydroxy group have been converted to their corresponding beta-D-glucosides. A precious bioactive natural sweetener which mainly exists the in Chinese sweet tea plant, Rubus suavissimus.	2.25	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; bridged compound; steviol glycoside; tetracyclic diterpenoid	plant metabolite; sweetening agent
s-adenosylmethionine (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.	10.33	18	0	organic cation; sulfonium compound	coenzyme; cofactor; human metabolite; micronutrient; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
picrotoxin Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus.	3.27	6	0
madecassoside [no description available]	2.17	1	0	carboxylic ester; pentacyclic triterpenoid; trisaccharide derivative; triterpenoid saponin	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; antirheumatic drug; plant metabolite; vulnerary
ethyl cellulose [no description available]	2.73	3	0	glycoside
oxymatrine oxymatrine: structure in first source; has anti-apoptosis effects	2.07	1	0
mitorubrin mitorubrin: structure in first source. mitorubrin : An azaphilone that is 7,8-dihydro-6H-2-benzopyran substituted by a methyl group at position 7, oxo groups at positions 6 and 8, a propenyl group at position 3 and a (2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoyl)oxy group at position 7.	2.48	2	0	azaphilone; beta-diketone
albiflorin albiflorin: glucoside in peony roots. albiflorin : A monoterpene glycoside with formula C23H28O11, originally isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora.	2.06	1	0	benzoate ester; beta-D-glucoside; bridged compound; gamma-lactone; monoterpene glycoside; secondary alcohol	neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
mk 2206 MK 2206: a protein kinase inhibitor and antineoplastic agent	2.31	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound	EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
egg white Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)	3.09	5	0
4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene [no description available]	3.22	5	0	BODIPY compound
quetiapine fumarate Quetiapine Fumarate: A dibenzothiazepine and ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that targets the SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, as well as the DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTOR and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.	2.77	3	0	fumarate salt
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.	2.91	4	0
dynorphins dynorphin (1-13): potent opioid peptide; see also record for dynorphin & D-Ala(2)-dynorphin (1-11)	1.99	1	0
neurotensin neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91	1.97	1	0	peptide hormone	human metabolite; mitogen; neurotransmitter; vulnerary
dynorphin a(1-12) [no description available]	1.99	1	0
dahlia Dahlia: A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE that contains antifungal plant defensin.. Hoffman's violet : A hydrochloride obtained by combining Hoffman's violet free base with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride. A specific stain for animal chromosomes.	2.69	2	0
tolterodine tartrate Tolterodine Tartrate: An ANTIMUSCARINIC AGENT selective for the MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS of the BLADDER that is used in the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE and URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE.	2	1	0	tartrate salt
mannans [no description available]	6.14	39	0
nitrogenase Nitrogenase: An enzyme system that catalyzes the fixing of nitrogen in soil bacteria and blue-green algae (CYANOBACTERIA). EC 1.18.6.1.	2.92	4	0
tetrahydrozoline 2-methylserine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-methylserine zwitterion : An amino acid zwitterion arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 2-methylserine; major species at pH 7.3. 2-methylserine : A hydroxy-amino acid that is serine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 2.	1.97	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; hydroxy-amino acid
phytochromobilin phytochromobilin: structure given in first source; this bilin is a pigment derived from phycoerythrobilin-containing proteins. phytochromobilin : A member of the class of bilins which functions as the chromophore of light-sensing phytochromes in plants.. (3Z)-phytochromobilin(2-) : Dicarboxylate anion of (3Z)-phytochromobilin.	1.98	1	0
9r-(9alpha(z),10alpha) of 3'-angeloyloxy-4'-acetoxy-3',4'-dihydroseselin praeruptorin A: isolated fromPeucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. roots; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
salicortin salicortin: an aryl glucoside from most species of Salix and Populus; structure in first source	2.08	1	0	glycoside
peptones Peptones: Derived proteins or mixtures of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. Peptones are readily soluble in water, and are not precipitable by heat, by alkalis, or by saturation with ammonium sulfate. (Dorland, 28th ed)	2.44	2	0
adenosine diphosphate glucose Adenosine Diphosphate Glucose: Serves as the glycosyl donor for formation of bacterial glycogen, amylose in green algae, and amylopectin in higher plants.. ADP alpha-D-glucoside(2-) : A nucleotide-sugar oxoanion resutling from the deprotonation of both free OH groups of the diphosphate group of ADP alpha-D-glucoside.	2	1	0	NDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-); ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate-alpha-D-glucose(2-)	human metabolite
bacillithiol bacillithiol: antioxidant produced by several bacterial species; structure in first source. bacillithiol : A thiol that is the alpha-anomeric glycoside of L-cysteinyl-D-glucosamine with L-malic acid.	7.11	1	0	glycoside; monosaccharide derivative; thiol	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; cofactor
enanthotoxin enanthotoxin: poisonous principle of Oenanthe crocata (Water Dropwort); RN given refers to (E,E,E)-isomer	2.03	1	0	long-chain fatty alcohol
cytochromes c1 Cytochromes c1: The 30-kDa membrane-bound c-type cytochrome protein of mitochondria that functions as an electron donor to CYTOCHROME C GROUP in the mitochondrial and bacterial RESPIRATORY CHAIN. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p545)	2.65	3	0
garcinone c garcinone C: an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor; isolated from Garcinia mangostana; structure in first source	2.21	1	0	xanthones
glycolipids [no description available]	7.04	63	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	9.82	53	6
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	9.57	23	0
typhaneoside typhaneoside: isolated from pollen of Typha angustfolia L. (puhuang); structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	flavonoids; glycoside
punicalagin punicalagin: hepatoprotective agent isolated from Terminalia catappa; structure in first source	2.15	1	0	tannin
saquayamycin b saquayamycin B: isolated from Streptomyces nodosus MH190-16F3; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
ur-144 (1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone: structure in first source	2.11	1	0
ribociclib ribociclib: inhibits both CDK4 and CDK6	2.41	1	0
11-nor-delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid 11-nor-delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; a major acidic metabolite of tetrahydrocannabinol in human urine	2.05	1	0	1-benzopyran
hydroxocobalamin Hydroxocobalamin: Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY.	3.53	2	0
tylosin [no description available]	3.88	2	1
fosinopril Fosinopril: A phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of hypertension. It is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite fosinoprilat.. fosinopril : A phosphinate ester-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. It is used for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. A pro-drug, it is hydrolysed in vivo to the corresponding phosphininc acid, fosinoprilat, which is the active metabolite.	1.98	1	0
kavain kavain: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; see also kavaform; structure	2.04	1	0	2-pyranones; aromatic ether
chymostatin [no description available]	1.95	1	0
methylmalonyl-coenzyme a [no description available]	2.05	1	0
fructose-1,6-diphosphate fructose-1,6-diphosphate: RN refers to (D)-isomer	1.98	1	0
calcipotriene calcipotriene: a topical dermatologic for the treatment of moderate plaque psoriasis; structure in first source. calcipotriol hydrate : A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of calcipotriol. It is used in combination with betamethasone dipropionate, a corticosteroid, for the topical treatment of plaque psoriasis in adult patients.	1.99	1	0	hydrate	antipsoriatic
salinixanthin salinixanthin: from Salinibacter ruber, an extremely halophilic eubacterium; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.	3.68	10	0
isoquercitrin [no description available]	3.67	9	0
fr 264205 ceftolozane: cephalosporin anti-bacterial agent with enhanced activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ceftolozane : A fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (5-amino-4-{[(2-aminoethyl)carbamoyl]amino}-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-2-ium-2-yl)methyl and [(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-{[(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino}acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively; developed for the treatment of infections with gram-negative bacteria that have become resistant to conventional antibiotics.	2.25	1	0
1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) in which both acyl groups are specified as oleoyl.	1.99	1	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)
vasoactive intestinal peptide Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).	1.95	1	0
natriuretic peptide, brain Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.	2.05	1	0	polypeptide
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.	5.96	35	0
3-amino-4-(3-hexylphenylamino)-4-oxobutylphosphonic acid 3-amino-4-(3-hexylphenylamino)-4-oxobutylphosphonic acid: W146 is the (R)-isomer; structure in first source	2.31	1	0
chondroitin Chondroitin: A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.64	3	0
heparitin sulfate Heparitin Sulfate: A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.	2.11	1	0
tuftsin Tuftsin: N(2)-((1-(N(2)-L-Threonyl)-L-lysyl)-L-prolyl)-L-arginine. A tetrapeptide produced in the spleen by enzymatic cleavage of a leukophilic gamma-globulin. It stimulates the phagocytic activity of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes and neutrophils in particular. The peptide is located in the Fd fragment of the gamma-globulin molecule.	1.99	1	0	peptide
neuromedin b neuromedin B: decapeptide isolated from porcine spinal cord	1.98	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	13.62	74	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.	3.97	4	0	carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	10.44	20	0
chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.	4.69	9	0
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.	3.7	10	0
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.	8.13	44	0	monohydroxybenzoate	plant metabolite
dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.	1.94	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam [no description available]	8.55	8	0	benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.	2.07	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.	2.7	3	0	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	5.43	59	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
dihydroxyfumarate dihydroxyfumarate: RN given refers to ((E)-isomer); structure. dihydroxyfumaric acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid consisting of fumaric acid having two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions.	2.06	1	0	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid
norbadione a norbadione A: RN given for (E,E)-isomer; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
citrinin Citrinin: Antibiotic and mycotoxin from Aspergillus niveus and Penicillium citrinum.	2.57	2	0
tipranavir tipranavir: inhibits HIV-1 protease. tipranavir : A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.	2.17	1	0	sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
chlortetracycline hydrochloride Alexomycin: a thiopeptide; a cyclic peptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces arginensis isolated from the soil	2	1	0
pulvinic acid pulvinic acid: structure in first source	2.04	1	0	butenolide
4-hydroxycoumarin 2-hydroxychromone: structure	3.1	1	0	hydroxycoumarin
tigecycline [no description available]	2.41	1	0
ascorbic acid 2-o-glucoside ascorbic acid 2-O-glucoside: has same vitamin C activity as L-ascorbic acid	2.11	1	0	glycoside
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	2.94	4	0
microcystin microcystin: microcystins have the general structure cyclo(D-Ala-L-X-D-erythro--methylisoasp-L-Y-Adda-D-isoGlu-N-methyldehydroAla) where X and Y are variable L-amino acids;. microcystin : A family of cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins produced by a number of cyanobacteria, the most notable of which is Microcystis, from which the name of the family is derived. Microcystins consist of a heptapeptide macrocycle made up of five non-protein amino acids and two protein amino acids.	3.4	7	0	peptide
gastrin-releasing peptide Gastrin-Releasing Peptide: Neuropeptide and gut hormone that helps regulate GASTRIC ACID secretion and motor function. Once released from nerves in the antrum of the STOMACH, the neuropeptide stimulates release of GASTRIN from the GASTRIN-SECRETING CELLS.	1.98	1	0
kaolinite Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.	9.79	10	0	aluminosilicate mineral; mixture	antidiarrhoeal drug; excipient
clay Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.	10.98	33	0
gluma Gluma: bonding agent; aqueous solution of hydroxyethylmethacrylate & glutaral	1.97	1	0
brevetoxin brevetoxin: from Ptychodiscus brevis	1.99	1	0
charybdotoxin [no description available]	2.03	1	0
holothurin Holothurin: A highly toxic saponin occurring in HOLOTHUROIDEA. This marine toxin is an anionic surfactant, hemolyzing ERYTHROCYTES.	2.07	1	0
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	3.55	8	0
phytoestrogens Phytoestrogens: Compounds derived from plants, primarily ISOFLAVONES that mimic or modulate endogenous estrogens, usually by binding to ESTROGEN RECEPTORS.	3.76	10	0
chromated copper arsenate chromated copper arsenate: wood preservative; serves as substrate for trimethylarsine biosynthesis; RN given refers to (Cu(+2)[2:3] salt)	2.07	1	0
satratoxin h satratoxin H: toxic metabolite of Stachybotrys atra; see also record for satratoxin G; structure	2.02	1	0	trichothecene
saxitoxin Saxitoxin: A compound that contains a reduced purine ring system but is not biosynthetically related to the purine alkaloids. It is a poison found in certain edible mollusks at certain times; elaborated by GONYAULAX and consumed by mollusks, fishes, etc. without ill effects. It is neurotoxic and causes RESPIRATORY PARALYSIS and other effects in MAMMALS, known as paralytic SHELLFISH poisoning.. saxitoxin : An alkaloid isolated from the marine dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning.	7.48	2	0	alkaloid; carbamate ester; guanidines; ketone hydrate; paralytic shellfish toxin; pyrrolopurine	cyanotoxin; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; sodium channel blocker; toxin
okadaic acid Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells.	3.42	7	0	ketal
phosphatidylethanol phosphatidylethanol: formed in rat brain by phospholipase D. phosphatidylethanol : A glycerophospholipid that is the monoethyl ester of any phosphatidic acid.	2.78	3	0
brine brine: not from seawater; contains sodium chloride; calcium chloride; magnesium chloride; one or all of the above	2.02	1	0
brass [no description available]	2.51	2	0
sybr green i SYBR Green I: binds to double stranded DNA of less than 20 pg following agarose or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; excited at 497 nm and emits at 520 nm. SYBR Green I : A benzothiazolium ion resulting from the methylation of the nitrogen of the benzothiazole group of N-[4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylmethylene)-1-phenyl-1,4-dihydroquinolin-2-yl]-N',N'-dimethyl-N-propylpropane-1,3-diamine. A cationic unsymmetrical cyanine dye that binds to double-stranded DNA and is used as a nucleic acid stain in molecular biology.	2.02	1	0	benzothiazolium ion; cyanine dye; quinolines; tertiary amine	fluorescent dye
xlr-11 XLR-11: synthetic cannabinoid; structure in first source	2.11	1	0
gamithromycin gamithromycin: an antibiotic used in cattle. gamithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic with formula C40H76N2O12. It is used for the treatment of of bovine respiratory disease caused by Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni and Mycoplasma bovis in beef and non-lactating dairy cattle. The compound is also licensed in Europe for the treatment of footrot in sheep caused by Dichelobacter nodosus and Fusobacterium nodosus.	2.25	1	0	macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative	antibacterial drug; protein synthesis inhibitor
pyrethrins [no description available]	5.76	20	1
soda lime soda lime: a mixture of calcium oxide (lime) with 5-20% sodium hydroxide and 6-18% water; carbon dioxide adsorbant	3.78	2	1
pf-543 PF-543: Sphingosine Kinase 1 Selective Inhibitor; structure in first source	5.96	28	0	sulfonamide
carboxyethyl-hydroxychroman carboxyethyl-hydroxychroman: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
(Z)-6,6',7,3'a-Diligustilide levistilide A: isolated from Angelica sinensis, inhibits hepatic stellate cell proliferation; structure in first source	2.03	1	0	butenolide	metabolite
acp-196 acalabrutinib: inhibits Bruton’s tyrosine kinase; has antineoplastic activity. acalabrutinib : A member of the class of imidazopyrazines that is imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine substituted by 4-(pyridin-2-ylcarbamoyl)phenyl, (2S)-1-(but-2-ynoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl, and amino groups at positions 1, 3 and 8, respectively. It is an irreversible second-generation Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor that is approved by the FDA for the treatment of adult patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) who have received at least one prior therapy.	2.41	1	0	aromatic amine; benzamides; imidazopyrazine; pyridines; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; secondary carboxamide; tertiary carboxamide; ynone	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
eupalinolide a eupalinolide A: heat shock protein inducer from Eupatorium lindleyanum; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.	10.83	30	0
olivine olivine: sand of primarily magnesium iron silicate, containing low levels of free silica; suggested as a less injurious substitute for silica quartz in foundries; RN in Chemline for unspecified composition: 1317-71-1	3.09	1	0
smectite smecta: used therapeutically in chronic gastritis. montmorillonite : An aluminosilicate mineral consisting of aluminosilicate layers approximately 1 nm thick which are surface-substituted with metal cations and stacked in ca. 10 mum-sized multilayer stacks. Its approximate formula is R(+)0.33(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2.nH2O where R(+) includes one or more of the cations Na(+), K(+), Mg(2+), and Ca(2+).	2.06	1	0
phleomycin d1 phleomycin D1 : A glycopeptide originally isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces verticillus which contains a (4'R)-4',5'-dihydro-2,4'-bi-1,3-thiazole-2',4-diyl moiety with a a 4-guanidylbutylaminocarbonyl group attached to the 4-position of the terminal thiazole ring. Like all phleomycins, phleomycin D1 can form complexes with redox-active metals such as Co, Cu, and Fe.	2.49	2	0	bi-1,3-thiazole; chelate-forming peptide; disaccharide derivative; glycopeptide; guanidines	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
n-(1-adamantyl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1h-indazole-3-carboxamide N-(1-adamantyl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide: a cannabinoid receptor agonist; structure in first source	2.15	1	0	aromatic amide; indazoles
hypophyllanthin hypophyllanthin: Anti-inflammatory from Phyllanthus amarus	2.07	1	0
greigite greigite: component of magnetosomes (membrane-bound magnetic crystals) in bacteria that causes them to be oriented in magnetic fields; used as biomarkers. greigite : An iron sulfide mineral with formula Fe3S4.	2.11	1	0	iron(2+) sulfides; iron(3+) sulfides; sulfide mineral	catalyst
hirudin Hirudin: A 65-residue polypeptide from LEECHES.	2.93	4	0
cyclin d1 Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.	2.46	2	0
ganoderic acid ganoderic acid: from the fruiting body of Ganoderma; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
alcohol oxidase [no description available]	8.26	114	0
caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.	4.26	19	0
penimocycline penimocycline: obtained by Mannich reaction between tetracycline & ampicillin; structure	1.95	1	0
diflunisal glucuronide ether diflunisal glucuronide ether: metabolite of diflunisal	1.97	1	0
oligomycins Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).	2.35	2	0
ellagitannin ellagitannin: structure; precoxin A/ praecoxin A is a purified ellagitannin. ellagitannin : A form of hydrolysable tannin produced from ellagic acid. Ellagitannins are glucosides which are readily hydrolysed by water to regenerate ellagic acid when the plants are eaten.	2.72	3	0
illite [no description available]	2.02	1	0
phthalocyanine phthalocyanine : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that consists of four isoindole-type units, with the connecting carbon atoms in the macrocycle replaced by nitrogen.	3.15	5	0	phthalocyanines; tetrapyrrole fundamental parent
tetraphenylporphine tetraphenylporphyrin: structure in first source	2.74	3	0
nitroguanidine nitroguanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. nitroguanidine : An N-nitro compound that is guanidine in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a nitro group. It can exist in distinct tautomeric forms, as 1-nitroguanidine (a nitroimine) or 2-nitroguanidine (a nitroamine); in both solid and in solution, the nitroimine form predominates.	2.1	1	0	nitroguanidine; one-carbon compound
boromycin boromycin : A boron-containing macrolide antibiotic that is isolated from Streptomyces antibioticus.	2.03	1	0	macrodiolide; macrolide antibiotic; organoboron compound; oxaspiro compound; zwitterion	anti-HIV agent; antibacterial agent; bacterial metabolite
g(m3) ganglioside G(M3) Ganglioside: A ganglioside present in abnormally large amounts in the brain and liver due to a deficient biosynthetic enzyme, G(M3):UDP-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. Deficiency of this enzyme prevents the formation of G(M2) ganglioside from G(M3) ganglioside and is the cause of an anabolic sphingolipidosis.. alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1')-Cer(d18:1/24:1(15Z)) : A sialotriaosylceramide consisting of beta-D-GalNAc-(1->4)-[alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc attached to the primary hydroxy function of ceramide(d18:1/24:1(15Z)).	2.42	2	0	alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-ceramide; sialodiosylceramide; sialotriaosylceramide	mouse metabolite
hexaazatrinaphthylene hexaazatrinaphthylene: organic n-type semiconductor; structure in first source	2.41	1	0
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	6.18	44	0
bassianolide bassianolide: cyclodepsipeptide from mycelia of Beauveria bassiana; inhibits isotonic contractions induced by acetylcholine. bassianolide : A cyclodepsipeptide consisting of a cyclic tetramer of the depsipeptide D-Hiv-N-methyl-L-leucine (where D-Hiv = D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid). Found in the fungal species Beauveria bassiana and Verticillium lecanii, it has insecticidal properties and is used as a commercial biopesticide to control of insects of agricultural, veterinary and medical significance. For elucidation of the structure, see Suzuki et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1977 v25, 2167-2170.	2.76	3	0	cyclodepsipeptide; cyclooctadepsipeptide	antineoplastic agent; fungal metabolite; insecticide
glaucarubin Glaucarubin: (1 beta,2 alpha,11 beta,12 alpha,15 beta(S))-11,20-Epoxy-1,2,11,12-tetrahydroxy-15-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-oxobutoxy)picras-3-en-16-one. A quassinoid (Simaroubolide) from Simaruba glauca, a tropical shrub. It has been used as an antiamebic agent and is found to be cytotoxic. It may be of use in cancer chemotherapy.	1.96	1	0
lewis x antigen Lewis X Antigen: A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. In the blood the antigen is found on the surface of NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. In addition, Lewis X antigen is a stage-specific embryonic antigen.	1.97	1	0
carboxypeptidase b Carboxypeptidase B: A ZINC-dependent carboxypeptidase primary found in the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. The enzyme catalyzes the preferential cleavage of a C-terminal peptidyl-L-lysine or arginine. It was formerly classified as EC 3.4.2.2 and EC 3.4.12.3.	2.71	3	0
calpastatin calpastatin: large mol wt, heat-stable calpain inhibitor; not based on sequestering Ca++ from medium, but binding to calpain does require Ca++. calpastatin peptide Ac 184-210 : A 27-membered polypeptide comprising the sequence Ac-Asp-Pro-Met-Ser-Ser-Thr-Tyr-Ile-Glu-Glu-Leu-Gly-Lys-Arg-Glu-Val-Thr-Ile-Pro-Pro-Lys-Tyr-Arg-Glu-Leu-Leu-Ala-NH2. An acetylated synthetic peptide from human calpastatin that strongly inhibits both calpains I and II but not papain (a cysteine protease) or trypsin (a serine protease).	1.99	1	0	polypeptide	EC 3.4.22.52 (calpain-1) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.53 (calpain-2) inhibitor
angiotensin i Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.. angiotensin I : A ten amino acid peptide formed by renin cleavage of angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I has no direct biological function except that high levels can stimulate catecholamine production. It is metabolized to its biologically active byproduct angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) through cleavage of the two terminal amino acids.. angiotensin I dizwitterion : A peptide zwitterion that is the dizwitterionic form of angiotensin I having both carboxy groups deprotonated and the aspartyl amino group and arginine side-chain protonated. It is the major species at pH 7.3.	2.41	1	0	angiotensin; peptide zwitterion	human metabolite; neurotransmitter agent
isookanin isookanin: from Bidens bipinnata; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
globulol globulol: from the fruits of Eucalyptus globulus Labill; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
dinophysistoxin 2 dinophysistoxin 2: structure given in first source; a principal toxin responsible for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. dinophysistoxin 2 : A ketal that is a rare marine toxin structurally related to okadaic acid. Found yearly along with okadaic acid in Portuguese shellfish, its presence has been correlated with the occurrence of Dinophysis acta.	2.13	1	0	ketal	EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; toxin
zervamicin iib zervamicin IIB: one of a family of 16 residue peptaibol channel formers; amino acid sequence given in first source	2.71	3	0
cobamamide cobamamide : A member of the class of cobalamins that is vitamin B12 in which the cyano group is replaced by a 5'-deoxyadenos-5'-yl moiety. It is one of the two metabolically active form of vitamin B12.	2.42	2	0
hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.	4.01	14	0
25-o-acetylcimigenol-3-o-beta-d-xylopyranoside 25-O-acetylcimigenol-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside: from Cimicifuga dahurica; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
13-hydroperoxylinoleic acid 13-hydroperoxylinoleic acid: inhibits glyoxalase II; RN given refers to (?,Z)-isomer	1.96	1	0	hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid
feldspar feldspar: structure	2.41	1	0
5,6-epoxyretinoic acid 5,6-epoxyretinoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 5,6-epoxyretinoic acid : A retinoid obtained by epoxidation across the 5,6-double bond of retinoic acid.	1.96	1	0
harpagide harpagide: from S. African plant Harpagophytum procumbens DC	2.31	1	0
diospyros Diospyros: A plant genus of the family EBENACEAE, order Ebenales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida best known for the edible fruit and the antibacterial activity and compounds of the wood.	8.6	8	0
shinorine shinorine: structure in first source. shinorine : A mycosporine-like amino acid that is the ketimine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-serine with the keto group of (5S)-5-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxycyclohex-2-en-1-one and in which the hydrogen at position 3 of the cyclohexenone moiety has been replaced by the amino group of glycine. It is an active ingredient found in environmentally friendly sunscreen creams.	2.1	1	0
oridonin [no description available]	2.03	1	0
morroniside morroniside: from Cornus officinalis; protects cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells from damage by high ambient glucose; a component of cornel iridoid glycoside; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
gibberellins [no description available]	4.59	25	0
hexenuronic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0
moracin p moracin P: structure in first source	2.21	1	0
t-2 toxin T-2 Toxin: A potent mycotoxin produced in feedstuffs by several species of the genus FUSARIUM. It elicits a severe inflammatory reaction in animals and has teratogenic effects.. T-2 toxin : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium. It is a common contaminant in food and feedstuffs of cereal origin and is known to cause a range of toxic effects in humans and animals.	2.91	4	0
ht-2 toxin HT-2 toxin : A trichothecene mycotoxin that is T-2 toxin in which the acetyloxy group at position 4S has been hydrolysed to the corresponding hydroxy group. It is the major metabolite of T-2 toxin.	2.15	1	0
copper bis(3,5-diisopropylsalicylate) copper bis(3,5-diisopropylsalicylate): copper is intricate part of molecule; not copper salt; RN given refers to cpd with specified locants for methylethyl moieties	1.97	1	0
daptomycin [no description available]	2.21	1	0
simplexin simplexin: toxin from Pimelea simplex (desert rice flower); associated with outbreaks of St. George Disease; structure	2.11	1	0
peoniflorin peoniflorin: from Radix and of Paeonia suffruticosa	2.46	2	0
fungichromin fungichromin: structure	1.94	1	0
vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.	4.88	36	0
crenatoside crenatoside: structure given in first source; isolated from the aerial parts of Orobanche crenata	2.04	1	0
aconitine Aconitine: A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM; DELPHINIUM and larkspurs. It activates VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It has been used to induce ARRHYTHMIAS in experimental animals and it has anti-inflammatory and anti-neuralgic properties.. aconitine : A diterpenoid that is 20-ethyl-3alpha,13,15alpha-trihydroxy-1alpha,6alpha,16beta-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-8,14alpha-diol having acetate and benzoate groups at the 8- and 14-positions respectively.	2.74	3	0
insulin glargine Insulin Glargine: A recombinant LONG ACTING INSULIN and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that is used to manage BLOOD GLUCOSE in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS.	2.31	1	0
sermorelin Sermorelin: The biologically active fragment of human growth hormone-releasing factor, consisting of GHRH(1-29)-amide. This N-terminal sequence is identical in several mammalian species, such as human, pig, and cattle. It is used to diagnose or treat patients with GROWTH HORMONE deficiency.. sermorelin : A 29 amino acid polypeptide that is used to treat growth problems (usually in children) due to growth hormone deficiency. It is the biologically active fragment of human growth hormone-releasing factor (GHRH).	2.6	1	0
moxidectin moxidectin: family of macrolide antibiotics with insecticidal & acaricidal activity	2.01	1	0
amberlite irc50 [no description available]	2.07	1	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	6.44	13	1
biliatresone biliatresone: a cytotoxin isolated from Dysphania glomulifera and Dysphania littoralis; structure in first source. biliatresone : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole which is substituted at positions 5 by a 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxoprop-1-en-3-yl group and at positions 4 and 6 by methoxy groups. A very rare type of isoflavonoid-related 1,2-diaryl-2-propenone found in Dysphania glomulifera (red crumbweed) and D. littoralis, the enone moiety is particularly reactive, undergoing ready Michael addition of water and methanol. Biliatresone has been found to cause extrahepatic biliary atresia (obliteration or discontinuity of the extrahepatic biliary system, resulting in obstruction to bile flow) in a zebrafish model.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; benzodioxoles; enone; phenols	plant metabolite; toxin
flavin mononucleotide Flavin Mononucleotide: A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.	2.87	4	0
cytochalasin d Cytochalasin D: A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release.. cytochalasin D : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a mycotoxin produced by Helminthosporium and other moulds which is cell permeable and a potent inhibitor of actin polymerisation and DNA synthesis.	2.03	1	0
2-methylisoborneol 2-methylisoborneol: structure. 2-methylisoborneol : An bornane monoterpenoid comprising isoborneol carrying a 2-methyl substituent (the 1R,2R,4R-diastereomer).	2.11	1	0
antipain Antipain: An oligopeptide produced by various bacteria which acts as a protease inhibitor.	1.95	1	0
zervamicin iia zervamicin IIA: amino acid sequence given in first source	2.01	1	0
digitonin Digitonin: A glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin which is bound to five sugars. Digitonin solubilizes lipids, especially in membranes and is used as a tool in cellular biochemistry, and reagent for precipitating cholesterol. It has no cardiac effects.. digitonin : A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies.	2.03	1	0
dehydroandrographolide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
protopanaxadiol protopanaxadiol: triterpenoid sapogenin of ginsenosides from leaves of Panax ginseng; has antineoplastic activity; acid hydrolysis results in panaxadiol. protopanaxadiol : A tetracyclic triterpenoid sapogenin (isolated from ginseng) that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 positions and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.01	1	0
catalpol catalpol: component of dihuang; RN given refers to (1aS-(1aalpha,1bbeta,2beta,5abeta,6beta,6aalpha))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/92	2.54	2	0
edetic acid solasodine: RN given refers to (3beta,22alpha,25R)-isomer; structure. solasodine : An oxaspiro compound and steroid alkaloid sapogenin with formula C27H43NO2 found in the Solanum (nightshade) family. It is used as a precursor in the synthesis of complex steroidal compounds such as contraceptive pills.	2.02	1	0
masticadienolic acid masticadienolic acid: an antifungal agent from Pistacia terebinthus galls; structure in first source	2.15	1	0
neohesperidin [no description available]	2.31	1	0
alpha-solanine [no description available]	2.11	1	0
sparsomycin Sparsomycin: An antitumor antibiotic produced by Streptomyces sparsogenes. It inhibits protein synthesis in 70S and 80S ribosomal systems.	1.95	1	0
9-oxononanoyl cholesterol 9-oxononanoyl cholesterol: structure in first source	1.99	1	0
2-hydroxyatorvastatin 2-hydroxyatorvastatin: an atorvastatin metabolite	2.05	1	0
formosanin c formosanin C: diosgenin saponin from Paris formosana; structure given in first source	2.08	1	0
carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin [no description available]	7.46	2	0
orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers	3.51	8	0
apyrase Apyrase: A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. EC 3.6.1.5.	2.48	2	0
thromboplastin Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.	3.85	2	1
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	6.74	46	0
chromomycins Chromomycins: A complex of several closely related glycosidic antibiotics from Streptomyces griseus. The major component, CHROMOMYCIN A3, is used as a fluorescent stain of DNA where it attaches and inhibits RNA synthesis. It is also used as an antineoplastic agent, especially for solid tumors.. chromomycin : A family of antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces griseus.	1.97	1	0
senkyunolide i senkyunolide I: has antioxidant and anti-migraine activities; isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
liriodendrin, 1r-(1alpha,3abeta,4beta,6aalpha)-isomer eleutheroside E: from Eleutherococcus senticosus extract	2.1	1	0
chondroitin sulfates Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.	2.93	4	0
somatostatin, trp(8)- [no description available]	2.02	1	0
exudates Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)	4.07	13	0
angiogenin angiogenin: human tumor protein which stimulates growth of blood vessels; contains 123 amino acids; member of the pancreatic ribonuclease superfamily; MW 14,400	1.99	1	0
anhydroerythromycin a anhydroerythromycin A: acid-catalyzed degradation product of erythromycin A	1.96	1	0
plicamycin mithramycin A: structure given in first source	2.1	1	0
narasin narasin: related to salinomycin & A28086B; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.17	1	0
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	2.31	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
levoleucovorin Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.	5.61	14	0	5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	8.74	10	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	3.65	9	0	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd.. 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.	2.08	1	0	deoxyguanosine phosphate; guanyl deoxyribonucleotide; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanosine monophosphate Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.. guanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.	2.72	3	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	4.09	16	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine [no description available]	4.28	19	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.	3.59	9	0	guanosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	fundamental metabolite
guanosine tetraphosphate Guanosine Tetraphosphate: Guanosine 5'-diphosphate 2'(3')-diphosphate. A guanine nucleotide containing four phosphate groups. Two phosphate groups are esterified to the sugar moiety in the 5' position and the other two in the 2' or 3' position. This nucleotide serves as a messenger to turn off the synthesis of ribosomal RNA when amino acids are not available for protein synthesis. Synonym: magic spot I.. guanosine 3',5'-bis(diphosphate) : A guanosine bisphosphate having diphosphate groups at both the 3' and 5'-positions.	2.41	2	0	guanosine bisphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
hypoxanthine [no description available]	2.72	3	0	nucleobase analogue; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	fundamental metabolite
inosinic acid Inosine Monophosphate: Inosine 5'-Monophosphate. A purine nucleotide which has hypoxanthine as the base and one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.57	2	0	inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
inosine [no description available]	1.94	1	0	inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
inosine triphosphate Inosine Triphosphate: Inosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). An inosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonym: IRPPP.	1.95	1	0	inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	8.43	45	1	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin [no description available]	3.4	7	0	tetrahydromethanopterin
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.	2.4	2	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
pheophytin a pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S,11S),4beta,21beta))-isomer	4.26	17	0
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	4.62	8	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.	8.8	3	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic
dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	2.41	2	0	dacarbazine
ganciclovir [no description available]	2.55	2	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antiinfective agent; antiviral drug
olanzapine Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.	2.04	1	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
pralidoxime pralidoxime: RN given refers to parent cpd; chloride was minor descriptor (75-80); on-line & Index Medicus search PRALIDOXIME COMPOUNDS (66-80). pralidoxime : A pyridinium ion that is 1-methylpyridinium substituted by a (hydroxyimino)methyl group at position 2.	2.06	1	0	pyridinium ion	antidote to organophosphate poisoning; antidote to sarin poisoning; cholinergic drug; cholinesterase reactivator
oxypurinol Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.	1.96	1	0	pyrazolopyrimidine	drug metabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	4.79	32	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
guanylyl imidodiphosphate Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.. guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+).	1.95	1	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
5-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-3-one 5-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-3-one: impact-insensitive explosive; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
diazeniumdiolate diazeniumdiolate: a class of nitric oxide (NO) donors; structure in first source. 1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-3-oxotriazane : A nitroso compound that is triazane in which the the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by two ethyl groups, that at position 2 is substituted by a hydroxy group, and that at position 3 is substituted by an oxo group.	2.01	1	0
norclozapine norclozapine: structure given in first source. N-desmethylclozapine : A dibenzodoazepine substituted with chloro and piperazino groups which is a major metabolite of clozapine; a potent and selective 5-HT2C serotonin receptor antagonist.	3.49	2	0	dibenzodiazepine; organochlorine compound; piperazines	delta-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; serotonergic antagonist
pemetrexed pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).	2.41	1	0	N-acyl-L-glutamic acid; pyrrolopyrimidine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
sildenafil citrate Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.	4.14	3	1	citrate salt	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
valganciclovir Valganciclovir: A ganciclovir prodrug and antiviral agent that is used to treat CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS in patients with AIDS, and for the prevention of CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS in organ transplant recipients who have received an organ from a CMV-positive donor.. valganciclovir : The L-valinyl ester of ganciclovir, into which it is rapidly converted by intestinal and hepatic esterases. It is a synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine.	2.07	1	0	L-valyl ester; purines	antiviral drug; prodrug
azilsartan azilsartan: an angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker; receptor blocker. azilsartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a methoxy group and at position 1 by a 2'-[(5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl group. Used (as the prodrug, azilsartan medoxomil) for treatment of hypertension.	2.6	1	0	1,2,4-oxadiazole; aromatic ether; benzimidazolecarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer	3.8	3	0	tetrahydrofolic acid
amido black Amido Black: A dye used to stain proteins in electrophoretic techniques. It is used interchangeably with its acid form.. Amido Black 10B (acid form) : A bis(azo) compound that is naphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid in which the hydrogens at positions 3, 4, 5, and 6 are replaced by (p-nitrophenyl)azo, amino, hydroxy, and phenylazo groups, respectively. A biological stain, it can be used interchangeably with its disodium salt, Amido Black 10B.	2.4	2	0
dimethylglyoxime dimethylglyoxime: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.13	1	0
trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).	2.73	3	0
nicotinamide-hypoxanthine dinucleotide [no description available]	1.99	1	0
cyclic guanosine diphosphate-ribose cyclic guanosine diphosphate-ribose: structure in first source; cyclic GDP-ribose is refractory to the cADPR-hydrolyase activity of ADP-ribosyl cyclases	1.99	1	0
7-hydroxyquinoline 7-hydroxyquinoline: structure in first source. quinolin-7-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 7.	2.07	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline
methylnitronitrosoguanidine Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position	3.48	8	0	nitroso compound	alkylating agent
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.	3.2	5	0	guanosines	biomarker
2-naphthol orange 2-naphthol orange: structure; see also record for C.I. Solvent Orange 2	2.06	1	0
coelenterazine coelenterazine: active group in AEQUORIN, a coelenterate luciferin. Oplophorus luciferin : An imidazopyrazine that is imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one in which positions 2, 6, and 8 are substituted by 4-hydroxybenzyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, and benzyl groups, respectively.	2.31	1	0
7-methylguanosine 7-methylguanosine : A positively charged methylguanosine in which a single methyl substituent is located at position 7.	2.1	1	0	methylguanosine; organic cation	metabolite
methisosildenafil methisosildenafil: synthetic analog in which the N-methylpiperazine moiety has been replaced with 2,6-dimethylpiperazine; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
prodigiosin Prodigiosin: 4-Methoxy-5-((5-methyl-4-pentyl-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl)- 2,2'-bi-1H-pyrrole. A toxic, bright red tripyrrole pigment from Serratia marcescens and others. It has antibacterial, anticoccidial, antimalarial, and antifungal activities, but is used mainly as a biochemical tool.. prodigiosin : A member of the class of tripyrroles that is a red-coloured pigment with antibiotic properties produced by Serratia marcescens.	2.38	2	0
procion green h-e4bd [no description available]	1.95	1	0
streptovaricin c streptovaricin C: structure given in first source	1.94	1	0
triacetylguanosine [no description available]	2.1	1	0
cytidylyl-3'-5'-guanosine cytidylyl-3'-5'-guanosine: also referred to as CpG	2.4	2	0	(3'->5')-dinucleotide
imidacloprid imidacloprid: systemic & contact insecticide exhibiting low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source; it is one of the neonicotinoid insecticides, which acts as an antagonist by binding to postsynaptic nicotinic receptors in the insect central nervous system. imidacloprid : An imidazolidine that is N-nitroimidazolidin-2-imine bearing a (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl substituent at position 1.	2.49	2	0	imidacloprid; imidazolidines; monochloropyridine	environmental contaminant; genotoxin; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-n-tert-butylnitrone alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone: structure given in first source	2	1	0
methanopterin methanopterin: isolated from Methanobacterium thermautotrophicum. methanopterin : A member of the class of methanopterins obtained by formal dehydrogenation at positions 5, 6, 7 and 8 of tetrahydromethanopterin. The parent of the class of methanopterins	2.39	2	0	methanopterins
carthamine carthamine: composed of two chalcones; from Carthamus tinctorius; the conjugated bonds cause a red color; derived from precarthamin by a decarboxylase; do not confuse with carthamidin	2.47	2	0	hydroxycinnamic acid
chlorophyll d chlorophyll d: RN given refers to the (SP-4-2-(3S-(3alpha(2E,7S,11S),4beta,21beta)))-isomer	2.08	1	0
clothianidin clothianidin: structure in first source. clothianidin : An N-nitro compound consisting of 2-nitroguanidine having a (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl group at position 1 and a methyl group at position 3.	2.1	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; 2-nitroguanidine derivative; clothianidin; organochlorine compound	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
teicoplanin aglycone teicoplanin aglycone: structure given in first source	2.49	2	0
molybdenum cofactor molybdenum cofactor: also see records for molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide and molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide. MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor(2-) : An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor.. MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor : An Mo-molybdopterin cofactor in which the coordinated molybdenum species is MoO2.	2.43	2	0	Mo-molybdopterin cofactor; organophosphate oxoanion
chlorophyll c chlorophyll c: Rn given refers to cpd with unknown MF	2.08	1	0
alcian blue Alcian Blue: A copper-containing dye used as a gelling agent for lubricants, for staining of bacteria and for the dyeing of histiocytes and fibroblasts in vivo.	3.11	5	0
avermectin avermectin: produced by actinomycete, Streptomyces avermitilis; structure; see also records for specific avermectins. avermectin : Any of the macrolides obtained as fermentation products from the bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis and consisting of a 16-membered macrocyclic backbone that is fused both benzofuran and spiroketal functions and contains a disaccharide substituent. They have significant anthelmintic and insecticidal properties.	2.73	3	0
cholestyramine resin Cholestyramine Resin: A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.	2.36	2	0
eye [no description available]	4.69	30	0
fructooligosaccharide [no description available]	2.05	1	0	oligosaccharide
ovaprim ovaprim: consists of sGnRHa and domperidone; used to induce spawning in catfish	2.25	1	0
chromomycin a3 Chromomycin A3: Glycosidic antibiotic from Streptomyces griseus used as a fluorescent stain of DNA and as an antineoplastic agent.	2.38	2	0
steviolbioside steviolbioside: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source. steviolbioside : A beta-D-glucoside that is steviolmonoside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the glucoside moiety has been converted into its beta-D-glucoside.. steviolbioside(1-) : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of steviolbioside. The major species at pH 7.3.	2.25	1	0	monocarboxylic acid anion
guanfu base g guanfu base G: an antiarrhythmia agent; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
acetylcellulose acetylcellulose: coating compound. cellulose acetate : A glucan derivative obtained through the esterification of cellulose by acetic anhydride or acetic acid, resulting in the substitution of some of the hydroxy groups of cellulose by acetyl groups. It is used in a variety of applications including base material for photographic film, clothing, membrane filters, coatings, food packaging, and as a frame material for eyeglasses.	2.07	1	0
soyasaponin iii soyasaponin III: from Medicago hispida; structure given in first source. soyasaponin III : A triterpenoid saponin that is composed of soyasapogenol B having a beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid moiety attached at the 3-position via a glycosidic linkage.	2.05	1	0
carbidopa Carbidopa: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that prevents conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA. It has no anti-parkinson activity by itself.. carbidopa : The hydrate of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.	2.74	3	0
bostrycin bostrycin: crystalline red pigment from culture filtrate of Alternaria eichhorniae with antibacterial & phytotoxic activity; structure given in first source	2.21	1	0
picroside ii picroside II: RN given for (1aS-(1aalpha,1bbeta,2beta,5abeta,6beta,6abeta))-isomer; structure in first source	2.52	2	0
succinoglycan succinoglycan: extracellular heteropolysaccharides from Rhizobium meliloti; polymer of octasacharide subunits, one pyruvate, one acetyl & one succinyl group per subunit	2.03	1	0
mordenite [no description available]	7.99	4	0
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	4.11	16	0
trypsinogen Trypsinogen: The inactive proenzyme of trypsin secreted by the pancreas, activated in the duodenum via cleavage by enteropeptidase. (Stedman, 25th ed)	7.89	4	0
metallothionein Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.	3.24	6	0
antimony sodium gluconate Antimony Sodium Gluconate: Antimony complex where the metal may exist in either the pentavalent or trivalent states. The pentavalent gluconate is used in leishmaniasis. The trivalent gluconate is most frequently used in schistosomiasis.	2.05	1	0
dinitrobenzenes Dinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with two nitro groups in the ortho, meta or para positions.	2.68	3	0
biphenylylacetic acid biphenylylacetic acid: metabolite of BHD 7538; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locants for acetic acid moities	2.13	1	0
phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.	3.77	11	0
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.	2.81	3	0
pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.	3.3	6	0
pneumocandin b(0) pneumocandin B(0): structure given in first source; isolated from Zalerion arboricola	2.02	1	0
chlorophyll f chlorophyll f: structure in first source	2.08	1	0
filipin Filipin: A complex of polyene antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces filipinensis. Filipin III alters membrane function by interfering with membrane sterols, inhibits mitochondrial respiration, and is proposed as an antifungal agent. Filipins I, II, and IV are less important.	1.98	1	0
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	9.29	61	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Bilirubinemia [description not available]	3.58	3	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	12.7	126	2
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	12.7	126	2
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	8.73	55	0
Alcoholic Intoxication An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.	17.17	130	2
Lung Adenocarcinoma [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Adenocarcinoma of Lung A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.	2.41	1	0
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	2.69	2	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	7.69	2	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	3.62	9	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	6.45	42	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	6.45	42	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	4.56	22	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	4.56	22	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	14.41	185	7
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	14.41	185	7
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	5.56	26	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	7.53	76	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	7.53	76	0
Colonic Inertia Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.	2.31	1	0
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	5.44	58	0
Constipation Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.	2.31	1	0
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	5.44	58	0
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	9.49	22	0
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	12.58	185	1
Day Blindness [description not available]	8.74	67	0
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	12.58	185	1
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	13.83	343	3
Infections, Pasteurella [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Neutropenia A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.	2.31	1	0
Alcohol Abuse [description not available]	11.62	178	2
Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)	11.62	178	2
Ovine Diseases [description not available]	5.68	7	1
Caprine Diseases [description not available]	4.25	3	1
Rodent Diseases Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).	3.7	10	0
Haemonchiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus HAEMONCHUS, characterized by digestive abnormalities and anemia similar to that from hookworm infestation.	4.26	3	1
Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.	10.39	64	2
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	3.54	8	0
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	3.54	8	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic Liver disease lasting six months or more, caused by an adverse effect of a drug or chemical. The adverse effect may be caused by drugs, drug metabolites, chemicals from the environment, or an idiosyncratic response.	2.41	1	0
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	8.46	90	0
Cranial Nerve II Diseases [description not available]	10.99	45	2
Optic Nerve Diseases Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.	10.99	45	2
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	6.21	32	1
Cranial Nerve II Injuries [description not available]	4.36	7	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	10.74	256	1
Lactic Acidosis [description not available]	4.63	6	0
Acetonemia [description not available]	4.02	5	0
Acidosis, Lactic Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolized. It may occur spontaneously or in association with diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; LEUKEMIA; or LIVER FAILURE.	4.63	6	0
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available]	6.69	31	0
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.	6.69	31	0
Hyperoxia An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs.	3.8	3	0
Chronic Lung Injury [description not available]	6.79	8	1
Airway Remodeling The structural changes in the number, mass, size and/or composition of the airway tissues.	4.05	4	0
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia A chronic lung disease developed after OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY or mechanical ventilation (VENTILATION, MECHANICAL) usually occurring in certain premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE) or newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN). Histologically, it is characterized by the unusual abnormalities of the bronchioles, such as METAPLASIA, decrease in alveolar number, and formation of CYSTS.	3.64	2	0
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	7.08	17	0
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	7.08	17	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	4.63	10	0
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	9.05	13	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	4.63	10	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	5.91	91	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	9.31	119	3
Encephalopathy, Hepatic [description not available]	5.86	5	1
Hepatic Encephalopathy A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)	5.86	5	1
Malnourishment [description not available]	3.71	3	0
Malnutrition An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement.	3.71	3	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck [description not available]	3.68	8	0
Cancer of Head [description not available]	4	13	0
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer.	3.68	8	0
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	4	13	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	5.39	55	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	5.39	55	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	5.74	18	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	5.74	18	1
Pyrexia [description not available]	5.15	17	0
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	5.15	17	0
Cystic Echinococcosis [description not available]	8.01	3	0
Exertional Heat Illness [description not available]	4.23	3	1
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	3.44	6	0
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	3.44	6	0
Anasarca [description not available]	7.15	130	0
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	7.15	130	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	6.46	22	2
Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Mitochondrial Diseases Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.	2.41	1	0
Canine Diseases [description not available]	5.26	20	0
Apoplexy [description not available]	2.83	3	0
Bleeding [description not available]	3.85	12	0
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	6.16	23	0
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	3.85	12	0
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	6.16	23	0
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	2.83	3	0
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	4.46	8	0
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	4.46	8	0
Cryptosporidium Infection [description not available]	3.93	2	1
Cryptosporidiosis Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.	8.93	2	1
Sterility, Male [description not available]	3.76	10	0
Infertility, Male The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.	3.76	10	0
Diabetic Retinopathy Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.	7.7	3	0
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	5.88	5	1
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	5.88	5	1
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	7.28	22	0
Infection, Wound [description not available]	5.31	13	1
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	7.28	22	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	4.72	6	1
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	4.72	6	1
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	5.68	19	1
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	10.68	19	1
Consciousness, Loss of [description not available]	2.72	3	0
Acidosis, Diabetic [description not available]	5.9	9	0
Diabetic Ketoacidosis A life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS with severe INSULIN deficiency and extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA. It is characterized by KETOSIS; DEHYDRATION; and depressed consciousness leading to COMA.	10.9	9	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	12.63	157	1
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	17.63	157	1
Coma A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.	5.64	30	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	15.01	183	9
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	5.1	17	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	4.18	15	0
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	4.18	15	0
Barrett Epithelium [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Barrett Esophagus A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus.	2.41	1	0
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	7.89	23	1
Ache [description not available]	8.9	105	2
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	8.9	105	2
Vitiligo A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached.	7.41	2	0
Odontalgia [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Toothache Pain in the adjacent areas of the teeth.	2.41	1	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	7.34	41	1
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	6.46	43	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	7.34	41	1
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	6.46	43	0
Urinary Lithiasis [description not available]	3.22	5	0
Urolithiasis Formation of stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT, usually in the KIDNEY; URINARY BLADDER; or the URETER.	8.22	5	0
Gastritis Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.	8.98	12	0
Retinal Diseases Diseases involving the RETINA.	5.71	14	0
Dementia Praecox [description not available]	3.37	7	0
Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.	3.37	7	0
Breathlessness [description not available]	8.88	12	0
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available]	3.81	4	0
Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing.	3.88	12	0
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	3.81	4	0
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	3.22	5	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	4.06	14	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	4.06	14	0
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	8.22	5	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	6.85	39	0
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	7.1	20	1
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	6.85	39	0
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	12.1	20	1
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	4.09	14	0
Granulomas [description not available]	4.36	21	0
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.	4.36	21	0
Co-infection [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Adipocere [description not available]	4.18	17	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	4.51	9	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	4.51	9	0
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection [description not available]	2.58	2	0
Gonorrhea Acute infectious disease characterized by primary invasion of the urogenital tract. The etiologic agent, NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE, was isolated by Neisser in 1879.	2.58	2	0
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	3.41	6	0
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	4.51	9	0
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	8.41	6	0
Affective Disorders [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Mood Disorders Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.	2.41	1	0
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	4.24	17	0
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	4.24	17	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	6.82	35	2
Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available]	3.14	5	0
Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.	3.14	5	0
Inborn Errors of Metabolism [description not available]	2.97	4	0
Metabolism, Inborn Errors Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.	2.97	4	0
BCKD Deficiency [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Maple Syrup Urine Disease An autosomal recessive inherited disorder with multiple forms of phenotypic expression, caused by a defect in the oxidative decarboxylation of branched-chain amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, BRANCHED-CHAIN). These metabolites accumulate in body fluids and render a maple syrup odor. The disease is divided into classic, intermediate, intermittent, and thiamine responsive subtypes. The classic form presents in the first week of life with ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, emesis, neonatal seizures, and hypertonia. The intermediate and intermittent forms present in childhood or later with acute episodes of ataxia and vomiting. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p936)	2.41	1	0
alpha-Galactosidase A Deficiency [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Niemann-Pick Disease [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Fabry Disease An X-linked inherited metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of lysosomal ALPHA-GALACTOSIDASE A. It is characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and other GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS in blood vessels throughout the body leading to multi-system complications including renal, cardiac, cerebrovascular, and skin disorders.	2.41	1	0
Niemann-Pick Diseases A group of autosomal recessive disorders in which harmful quantities of lipids accumulate in the viscera and the central nervous system. They can be caused by deficiencies of enzyme activities (SPHINGOMYELIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE) or defects in intracellular transport, resulting in the accumulation of SPHINGOMYELINS and CHOLESTEROL. There are various subtypes based on their clinical and genetic differences.	2.41	1	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	7.49	12	1
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	12.45	84	2
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	7.49	12	1
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	12.45	84	2
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	3.39	7	0
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	3.39	7	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	4.21	17	0
Infections, Nematode [description not available]	2.5	2	0
Ulcer A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.	3.4	7	0
Break-Bone Fever [description not available]	2.93	4	0
Dengue An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.	2.93	4	0
Icterus [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Jaundice A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.	2.68	3	0
Infection, Toxoplasma gondii [description not available]	3.11	4	0
Toxoplasmosis The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man.	3.11	4	0
Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available]	3.36	6	0
Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.	3.36	6	0
Diseases, Metabolic [description not available]	4.42	8	0
Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)	4.42	8	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	8.08	63	0
Endometrioma An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.	4.02	9	0
Endometriosis A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.	4.02	9	0
Primary Peritonitis [description not available]	4.48	22	0
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.	4.48	22	0
Hepatitis INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.	3.68	10	0
E coli Infections [description not available]	4.13	16	0
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	4.13	16	0
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	8.8	9	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	4.6	25	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	4.6	25	0
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	5.65	7	1
MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available]	3.37	7	0
Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)	3.37	7	0
Cardiac Toxicity [description not available]	2.96	3	0
Cardiotoxicity Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.	2.96	3	0
Chronic Insomnia [description not available]	2.91	4	0
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.	2.91	4	0
Phlegmon [description not available]	3.11	5	0
Cellulitis An acute, diffuse, and suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue, particularly the deep subcutaneous tissues, and sometimes muscle, which is most commonly seen as a result of infection of a wound, ulcer, or other skin lesions.	3.11	5	0
Brain Hemorrhage [description not available]	8.61	8	0
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available]	4.41	21	0
Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	9.41	21	0
Intracranial Hemorrhages Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.	3.61	8	0
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	3.44	7	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	3.56	7	0
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	3.44	7	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	6.76	23	1
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	6.76	23	1
Anoxemia [description not available]	5.46	15	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	10.46	15	0
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available]	2.8	3	0
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	2.8	3	0
Leishmaniasis, American [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous An endemic disease that is characterized by the development of single or multiple localized lesions on exposed areas of skin that typically ulcerate. The disease has been divided into Old and New World forms. Old World leishmaniasis is separated into three distinct types according to epidemiology and clinical manifestations and is caused by species of the L. tropica and L. aethiopica complexes as well as by species of the L. major genus. New World leishmaniasis, also called American leishmaniasis, occurs in South and Central America and is caused by species of the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes.	2.75	3	0
Health Care Associated Infection [description not available]	3	4	0
Cross Infection Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.	3	4	0
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease [description not available]	3.8	10	0
Parkinsonian Disorders A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.	3.8	10	0
Amaurosis [description not available]	7.32	75	0
Blindness The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.	7.32	75	0
Retinal Degeneration A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304)	2.87	4	0
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	6.66	40	0
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	6.66	40	0
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Bile Duct Cancer [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	3.35	6	0
Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.	2.6	1	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	3.35	6	0
Cholangiocarcinoma A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.	2.6	1	0
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	3.65	9	0
Elaeophoriasis [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Filariasis Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face.	2.49	2	0
Aura [description not available]	5.25	12	0
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	10.25	12	0
Amnesia-Memory Loss [description not available]	3.46	7	0
Amnesia Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7)	8.46	7	0
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available]	2.74	3	0
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.	2.74	3	0
Hospital-Acquired Condition [description not available]	2.72	3	0
Ascariasis Infection by nematodes of the genus ASCARIS. Ingestion of infective eggs causes diarrhea and pneumonitis. Its distribution is more prevalent in areas of poor sanitation and where human feces are used for fertilizer.	2.6	1	0
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	14.94	185	7
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	6.96	53	0
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	19.94	185	7
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	6.96	53	0
Bronchial Hyperreactivity Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.	3.98	13	0
Besnoitiasis [description not available]	4.52	5	1
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	5.98	14	2
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis [description not available]	2.98	4	0
Pre-Eclampsia A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.	2.98	4	0
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	9.4	67	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	9.4	67	0
Hemorrhoids Swollen veins in the lower part of the RECTUM or ANUS. Hemorrhoids can be inside the anus (internal), under the skin around the anus (external), or protruding from inside to outside of the anus. People with hemorrhoids may or may not exhibit symptoms which include bleeding, itching, and pain.	2.66	2	0
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available]	8.82	75	3
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	8.82	75	3
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	4.06	15	0
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	4.06	15	0
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	6.65	20	3
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	6.65	20	3
American Trypanosomiasis [description not available]	3.38	7	0
Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.	3.38	7	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	9.7	55	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	4.11	15	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	9.7	55	0
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	9.11	15	0
Skin Aging The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.	8.03	4	0
Acute Q Fever [description not available]	4.99	9	1
Sex Disorders [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance in either the male or the female.	2.4	2	0
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.	2.7	3	0
Brain Dead [description not available]	3.85	11	0
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	3.5	8	0
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	3.5	8	0
Chemical Dependence [description not available]	7.29	46	0
Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse.	7.29	46	0
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	4.91	8	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	5.78	21	0
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	4.91	8	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	5.78	21	0
CACH Syndrome [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Water-Electrolyte Imbalance Disturbances in the body's WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.	3.64	3	0
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular [description not available]	2.58	2	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	7.36	23	2
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	12.36	23	2
Cancer of Duodenum [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	2.61	2	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	11.27	28	3
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	11.27	28	3
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	7.61	2	0
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	8.33	19	1
Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis [description not available]	4.66	5	0
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis A common interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, usually occurring between 50-70 years of age. Clinically, it is characterized by an insidious onset of breathlessness with exertion and a nonproductive cough, leading to progressive DYSPNEA. Pathological features show scant interstitial inflammation, patchy collagen fibrosis, prominent fibroblast proliferation foci, and microscopic honeycomb change.	4.66	5	0
Infections, Coronavirus [description not available]	4.2	13	0
Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.	4.24	15	0
Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).	4.2	13	0
Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available]	4.49	9	0
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.	4.49	9	0
Eye Disorders [description not available]	9.12	39	1
Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye.	9.12	39	1
Food Poisoning [description not available]	3.49	8	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	3.77	10	0
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.	4.39	21	0
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	4.76	31	0
Osteomyelitis INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.	4.4	8	0
Caries, Dental [description not available]	3.76	11	0
Group A Strep Infection [description not available]	4.55	5	0
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.	3.76	11	0
Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.	4.55	5	0
Candida Infection [description not available]	5.52	9	0
Candidiasis Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)	5.52	9	0
Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.	5.73	31	0
Central Nervous System Disease [description not available]	5.63	11	0
Central Nervous System Diseases Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.	5.63	11	0
Alternariosis Opportunistic fungal infection by a member of ALTERNARIA genus.	2.25	1	0
Pain, Procedural Pain associated with examination, treatment or procedures.	3.64	1	1
Aerobic Glycolysis, Oncologic [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	3.41	7	0
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	3.41	7	0
Ocular Toxicity [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	3.07	5	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	3.27	5	0
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	3.07	5	0
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	3.27	5	0
Atrioventricular Conduction Block [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Altered Level of Consciousness [description not available]	3.43	2	0
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged [description not available]	2.53	2	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	5.08	10	1
Sinus Tachycardia [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Brugada ECG Pattern [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Long QT Syndrome A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.	2.53	2	0
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	5.08	10	1
Brugada Syndrome An autosomal dominant defect of cardiac conduction that is characterized by an abnormal ST-segment in leads V1-V3 on the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM resembling a right BUNDLE-BRANCH BLOCK; high risk of VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA; or VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION; SYNCOPAL EPISODE; and possible sudden death. This syndrome is linked to mutations of gene encoding the cardiac SODIUM CHANNEL alpha subunit.	2.25	1	0
Atrioventricular Block Impaired impulse conduction from HEART ATRIA to HEART VENTRICLES. AV block can mean delayed or completely blocked impulse conduction.	2.25	1	0
Arginino Succinase Deficiency [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Argininosuccinic Aciduria Rare autosomal recessive disorder of the urea cycle which leads to the accumulation of argininosuccinic acid in body fluids and severe HYPERAMMONEMIA. Clinical features of the neonatal onset of the disorder include poor feeding, vomiting, lethargy, seizures, tachypnea, coma, and death. Later onset results in milder set of clinical features including vomiting, failure to thrive, irritability, behavioral problems, or psychomotor retardation. Mutations in the ARGININOSUCCINATE LYASE gene cause the disorder.	2.25	1	0
Atherogenesis [description not available]	3	4	0
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	3	4	0
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.91	3	0
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	2.91	3	0
Chemically-Induced Disorders Disorders caused by the intentional or unintentional ingestion or exposure to chemical substances such as PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS; NOXAE; and PESTICIDES.	2.66	2	0
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Lassa Virus Infection [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Lassa Fever An acute febrile human disease caused by the LASSA VIRUS.	2.25	1	0
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola A highly fatal, acute hemorrhagic fever caused by EBOLAVIRUS.	2.25	1	0
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	3.07	4	0
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	2.81	3	0
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	2.81	3	0
Drug Overdose Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.	6.37	21	0
HbS Disease [description not available]	2.89	3	0
Anemia, Sickle Cell A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.	2.89	3	0
Ectoparasitic Infestations Infestations by PARASITES which live on, or burrow into, the surface of their host's EPIDERMIS. Most ectoparasites are ARTHROPODS.	3.01	4	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	6.62	28	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	6.62	28	0
Hyperthermia An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of inability to regulate core body temperature due to non-pathologic factors.	2.31	1	0
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	3.16	4	0
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	8.16	4	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	13.68	548	6
Brain Hemorrhage, Putaminal [description not available]	3.76	10	0
Ataxia Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.	2.92	4	0
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	2.89	4	0
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	2.89	4	0
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	4.86	12	0
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	5.53	6	1
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.	2.25	1	0
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	5.53	6	1
Anorexia Nervosa An eating disorder that is characterized by the lack or loss of APPETITE, known as ANOREXIA. Other features include excess fear of becoming OVERWEIGHT; BODY IMAGE disturbance; significant WEIGHT LOSS; refusal to maintain minimal normal weight; and AMENORRHEA. This disorder occurs most frequently in adolescent females. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)	2.31	1	0
Bone Marrow Diseases Diseases involving the BONE MARROW.	2.53	2	0
Nephrolithiasis Formation of stones in the KIDNEY.	7.31	1	0
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).	2.41	1	0
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	6.97	9	1
Respiratory Distress Syndrome A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.	6.97	9	1
Infections, Respiratory [description not available]	9.6	23	3
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.	9.6	23	3
Colitis, Mucous [description not available]	3.33	1	0
Colicky Pain [description not available]	5.03	9	0
Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.	5.03	9	0
Irritable Bowel Syndrome A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION.	3.33	1	0
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)	2.46	2	0
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	3.08	4	0
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	8.53	8	0
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	3.53	8	0
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	3.08	4	0
Edema, Pulmonary [description not available]	4.13	6	0
Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.	4.13	6	0
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	4.26	16	0
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	4.26	16	0
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Ischemic Attack, Transient Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)	2.31	1	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	6.14	31	1
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	11.14	31	1
Diabetic Feet [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Diabetic Foot Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION.	7.31	1	0
Hypermelanosis [description not available]	3.03	4	0
Hyperpigmentation Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.	3.03	4	0
Abscess, Amebic [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Amebiasis Infection with any of various amebae. It is an asymptomatic carrier state in most individuals, but diseases ranging from chronic, mild diarrhea to fulminant dysentery may occur.	2.13	1	0
Elevated Cholesterol [description not available]	7.1	17	6
Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.	7.1	17	6
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	7.09	18	2
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	7.09	18	2
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	5.76	15	0
Bradykinesia [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Dystonia An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77)	2.72	3	0
Bone Cancer [description not available]	4.01	5	0
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	4.01	5	0
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	7.7	3	0
Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.	2.15	1	0
Auricular Fibrillation [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Cancer of Intestines [description not available]	3.62	9	0
Atrial Fibrillation Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.	2.15	1	0
Intestinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.	3.62	9	0
Neuroendocrine Tumors Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.	2.53	2	0
Bezoars Concretions of swallowed hair, fruit or vegetable fibers, or similar substances found in the alimentary canal.	3.09	5	0
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	3.4	7	0
Allodynia [description not available]	3.2	5	0
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.	7.15	1	0
Fish Diseases Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).	3.27	6	0
Endomyometritis Inflammation of both the ENDOMETRIUM and the MYOMETRIUM, usually caused by infections after a CESAREAN SECTION.	2.17	1	0
Endometritis Inflammation of the ENDOMETRIUM, usually caused by intrauterine infections. Endometritis is the most common cause of postpartum fever.	7.17	1	0
Absence Status [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Status Epilepticus A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)	2.15	1	0
Depression, Endogenous [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Depressive Disorder An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.	2.69	3	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	5.39	14	1
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	3.32	6	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	6.18	53	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	6.18	53	0
Nociceptive Pain Dull or sharp aching pain caused by stimulated NOCICEPTORS due to tissue injury, inflammation or diseases. It can be divided into somatic or tissue pain and VISCERAL PAIN.	2.17	1	0
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	2.97	4	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	2.97	4	0
Metastase [description not available]	5.56	17	1
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	4.94	14	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	5.56	17	1
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	5.05	9	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	9.61	78	0
HPV Infection [description not available]	3.13	5	0
Papillomavirus Infections Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.	3.13	5	0
Acid-Base Imbalance Disturbances in the ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM of the body.	5.21	7	0
Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction [description not available]	3.39	2	0
Brain Infarction Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.	8.39	2	0
Diseases, Occupational [description not available]	15	696	2
Polyarthritis [description not available]	3.1	5	0
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	3.1	5	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	5.31	13	0
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	5.31	13	0
Brain Swelling [description not available]	5.24	19	0
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	5.24	19	0
Sunburn An injury to the skin causing erythema, tenderness, and sometimes blistering and resulting from excessive exposure to the sun. The reaction is produced by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.	2.21	1	0
Anterior Optic Neuritis [description not available]	4.15	17	0
Optic Neuritis Inflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior optic neuritis).	9.15	17	0
Hematoma, Subdural Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE between the DURA MATER and the arachnoidal layer of the MENINGES. This condition primarily occurs over the surface of a CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE, but may develop in the spinal canal (HEMATOMA, SUBDURAL, SPINAL). Subdural hematoma can be classified as the acute or the chronic form, with immediate or delayed symptom onset, respectively. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness, severe HEADACHE, and deteriorating mental status.	2.21	1	0
Central Hypothyroidism [description not available]	4.6	6	1
Morbid Obesity [description not available]	3.56	1	1
Weight Reduction [description not available]	5.27	4	1
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.	4.72	7	1
Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.	4.6	6	1
Obesity, Morbid The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.	3.56	1	1
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	5.27	4	1
Parasitemia The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)	3.46	7	0
Hyperhomocysteinemia Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated (	2.17	1	0
Joint Pain [description not available]	2.85	3	0
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	3.71	10	0
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	3.71	10	0
Arthralgia Pain in the joint.	2.85	3	0
Infections, Mycobacterium [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Mycobacterium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus MYCOBACTERIUM.	2.4	2	0
Infections, Klebsiella [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Klebsiella Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.	2.67	3	0
Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available]	2.72	3	0
Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.	2.72	3	0
Bacterial Skin Diseases [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Skin Diseases, Bacterial Skin diseases caused by bacteria.	2.21	1	0
Reproductive Sterility [description not available]	3.84	4	0
Infertility A reduced or absent capacity to reproduce.	3.84	4	0
Atypical Mycobacterial Infection, Disseminated [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism [description not available]	5.31	13	0
Parkinson Disease, Secondary Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)	5.31	13	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	6.11	30	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	6.11	30	0
Testicular Diseases Pathological processes of the TESTIS.	2.21	1	0
Koch's Disease [description not available]	4.25	19	0
Laboratory Infection Accidentally acquired infection in laboratory workers.	2.21	1	0
Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.	9.25	19	0
Abnormalities, Congenital [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	3.9	12	0
Injuries, Preconception [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Optic Atrophy Atrophy of the optic disk which may be congenital or acquired. This condition indicates a deficiency in the number of nerve fibers which arise in the RETINA and converge to form the OPTIC DISK; OPTIC NERVE; OPTIC CHIASM; and optic tracts. GLAUCOMA; ISCHEMIA; inflammation, a chronic elevation of intracranial pressure, toxins, optic nerve compression, and inherited conditions (see OPTIC ATROPHIES, HEREDITARY) are relatively common causes of this condition.	6	27	0
Iron Overload An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)	2.11	1	0
Helminthiasis, Animal Infestation of animals with parasitic worms of the helminth class. The infestation may be experimental or veterinary.	2.08	1	0
Alcohol Problem [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Alcohol-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of alcohol.	2.46	2	0
Infections, Vibrio [description not available]	2.51	2	0
Arrhythmia [description not available]	6.25	7	2
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	6.25	7	2
Envenomation, Snakebite [description not available]	4.98	6	0
Nerve Pain [description not available]	3.18	5	0
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	3.18	5	0
Alcoholic Cirrhosis [description not available]	4.17	6	0
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING.	4.17	6	0
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	7.91	84	0
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.	7.91	84	0
Brain Disorders [description not available]	6.28	23	0
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	6.28	23	0
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	2.47	2	0
Menopause The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.	2.68	3	0
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment [description not available]	7.88	4	0
Retinal Detachment Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12).	2.88	4	0
Stunted Growth [description not available]	4.05	5	0
Growth Disorders Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.	4.05	5	0
Animal Mammary Carcinoma [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Cancer of Larynx [description not available]	6.13	17	0
Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.	6.13	17	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	6.48	44	1
Ciliophora Infections Infections with protozoa of the phylum CILIOPHORA.	2.1	1	0
Anochlesia [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	4.87	13	0
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Toxic asphyxiation due to the displacement of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin by carbon monoxide.	7.3	27	0
Dyslipidemia [description not available]	7.08	1	0
Dyslipidemias Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.	2.08	1	0
Bronze Diabetes [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Hemochromatosis A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)	2.68	3	0
Hepatic Failure [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Liver Failure Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)	2.1	1	0
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	5.24	20	0
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	2.92	4	0
CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease) [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Dementias, Transmissible [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome A rare transmissible encephalopathy most prevalent between the ages of 50 and 70 years. Affected individuals may present with sleep disturbances, personality changes, ATAXIA; APHASIA, visual loss, weakness, muscle atrophy, MYOCLONUS, progressive dementia, and death within one year of disease onset. A familial form exhibiting autosomal dominant inheritance and a new variant CJD (potentially associated with ENCEPHALOPATHY, BOVINE SPONGIFORM) have been described. Pathological features include prominent cerebellar and cerebral cortical spongiform degeneration and the presence of PRIONS. (From N Engl J Med, 1998 Dec 31;339(27))	2.1	1	0
Biliary or Urinary Stones [description not available]	2.1	1	0
MPTP Neurotoxicity Syndrome [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Campylobacter Infection [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	4.89	8	0
Urinary Calculi Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID.	7.44	2	0
Acute Brain Injuries [description not available]	6.23	19	0
Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	6.23	19	0
Congenital Epulides [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Dizzyness [description not available]	3.8	2	1
Dizziness An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness.	3.8	2	1
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	6.92	10	3
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative [description not available]	2.95	4	0
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.	2.95	4	0
Agitation, Psychomotor [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Anton Syndrome [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Psychomotor Agitation A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions.	2.49	2	0
Glue Abuse [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	6.55	35	0
Atheroma [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available]	3.63	9	0
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	4.63	27	0
Catatonic Rigidity [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Action Tremor [description not available]	3.35	7	0
Muscle Rigidity Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from MUSCLE SPASTICITY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p73)	2.43	2	0
Tremor Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.	3.35	7	0
Fungal Diseases [description not available]	4.92	14	0
Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI.	4.92	14	0
Autism [description not available]	7.11	1	0
Autistic Disorder A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)	2.11	1	0
Hyperammonemia Elevated level of AMMONIA in the blood. It is a sign of defective CATABOLISM of AMINO ACIDS or ammonia to UREA.	8.4	2	0
Foreign-Body Granuloma [description not available]	3.73	10	0
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available]	3.26	6	0
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.	8.26	6	0
47,XX,+21 [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Autosomal Chromosome Disorders [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Down Syndrome A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)	2.67	3	0
Mucopolysaccharidosis [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Mucopolysaccharidoses Group of lysosomal storage diseases each caused by an inherited deficiency of an enzyme involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides). The diseases are progressive and often display a wide spectrum of clinical severity within one enzyme deficiency.	7.66	3	0
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	6.32	27	0
Deficiency, Vitamin A [description not available]	3.29	2	0
Vitamin A Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179)	3.29	2	0
Palsy [description not available]	3.08	5	0
Paralysis A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)	3.08	5	0
Cancer of Pituitary [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.	2.68	3	0
Mastitis, Bovine INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.	3.24	6	0
Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.	2.13	1	0
Dermatitis, Irritant A non-allergic contact dermatitis caused by prolonged exposure to irritants and not explained by delayed hypersensitivity mechanisms.	4.05	5	0
Hematoma A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.	2.89	4	0
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.	2.13	1	0
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.	2.13	1	0
Diabetic Cardiomyopathies Diabetes complications in which VENTRICULAR REMODELING in the absence of CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS and hypertension results in cardiac dysfunctions, typically LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION. The changes also result in myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, and collagen deposition due to impaired glucose tolerance.	2.13	1	0
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	3.99	14	0
Papilloma, Squamous Cell [description not available]	3.59	9	0
Papilloma A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	3.59	9	0
Methemoglobinemia The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed)	4.08	3	0
Amblyopia, Developmental [description not available]	3.56	9	0
Amblyopia A nonspecific term referring to impaired vision. Major subcategories include stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia and toxic amblyopia. Stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia is a developmental disorder of the visual cortex. A discrepancy between visual information received by the visual cortex from each eye results in abnormal cortical development. STRABISMUS and REFRACTIVE ERRORS may cause this condition. Toxic amblyopia is a disorder of the OPTIC NERVE which is associated with ALCOHOLISM, tobacco SMOKING, and other toxins and as an adverse effect of the use of some medications.	8.56	9	0
Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning A condition caused by ingestion of shellfish contaminated by domoic acid-producing diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia.	2.43	2	0
Anoxia, Brain [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular Enlargement of the RIGHT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is often attributed to PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.	2.13	1	0
Goldblatt Syndrome [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Hypertension, Renovascular Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression.	2.13	1	0
Mucositis An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).	2.13	1	0
Athlete's Foot [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Tinea Pedis Dermatological pruritic lesion in the feet, caused by Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, or Epidermophyton floccosum.	2.67	3	0
Aspergilloses, Bronchopulmonary [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Pulmonary Aspergillosis Infections of the respiratory tract with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.	2.13	1	0
Wounds, Penetrating Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.	8.07	74	0
Demyelinative Myelitis [description not available]	3.09	1	0
Giardia duodenalis Infection [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Giardiasis An infection of the SMALL INTESTINE caused by the flagellated protozoan GIARDIA. It is spread via contaminated food and water and by direct person-to-person contact.	2.43	2	0
Pink Eye [description not available]	3.46	8	0
Conjunctivitis INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA.	3.46	8	0
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).	2.15	1	0
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	2.15	1	0
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	2.69	3	0
Infections, Helicobacter [description not available]	2.76	3	0
Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.	2.76	3	0
African Sleeping Sickness [description not available]	2.5	2	0
Trypanosomiasis, African A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces African sleeping sickness. Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.	2.5	2	0
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available]	4.42	8	0
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	4.42	8	0
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted [description not available]	2.51	2	0
Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.	2.51	2	0
Pain, Chronic [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Chronic Pain Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.	2.15	1	0
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	3.07	5	0
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	3.07	5	0
Emesis [description not available]	4.61	10	0
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	4.61	10	0
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	7.23	97	0
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	7.23	97	0
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	2.81	3	0
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	2.81	3	0
Bilateral Headache [description not available]	8.18	11	4
Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.	8.18	11	4
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	2.38	2	0
Colonic Diverticulosis [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Alcoholic Liver Diseases [description not available]	4.52	5	1
Liver Diseases, Alcoholic Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.	4.52	5	1
Burns, Chemical Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS.	3.84	12	0
Compartment Syndromes Conditions in which increased pressure within a limited space compromises the BLOOD CIRCULATION and function of tissue within that space. Some of the causes of increased pressure are TRAUMA, tight dressings, HEMORRHAGE, and exercise. Sequelae include nerve compression (NERVE COMPRESSION SYNDROMES); PARALYSIS; and ISCHEMIC CONTRACTURE. FASCIOTOMY is often used to decompress increased pressure and eliminate pain associated with compartment syndromes.	2.04	1	0
Diathesis [description not available]	3.37	7	0
Atopic Hypersensitivity [description not available]	7.04	17	2
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	7.15	21	1
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	7.15	21	1
Death, Sudden The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions.	2.67	3	0
Encephalitis, Polio [description not available]	2.62	3	0
Poliomyelitis An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)	2.62	3	0
Botulism, Infantile [description not available]	2.62	3	0
Botulism A disease caused by potent protein NEUROTOXINS produced by CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM which interfere with the presynaptic release of ACETYLCHOLINE at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. Clinical features include abdominal pain, vomiting, acute PARALYSIS (including respiratory paralysis), blurred vision, and DIPLOPIA. Botulism may be classified into several subtypes (e.g., food-borne, infant, wound, and others). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1208)	2.62	3	0
Basal Ganglia Diseases Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	4.52	9	0
Cornea Injuries [description not available]	3.62	9	0
Eye Burns Injury to any part of the eye by extreme heat, chemical agents, or ultraviolet radiation.	3.21	6	0
Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea.	2.38	2	0
Corneal Injuries Damage or trauma inflicted to the CORNEA by external means.	3.62	9	0
Anisocoria Unequal pupil size, which may represent a benign physiologic variant or a manifestation of disease. Pathologic anisocoria reflects an abnormality in the musculature of the iris (IRIS DISEASES) or in the parasympathetic or sympathetic pathways that innervate the pupil. Physiologic anisocoria refers to an asymmetry of pupil diameter, usually less than 2mm, that is not associated with disease.	2.04	1	0
Acquired Metabolic Diseases, Brain [description not available]	3.37	2	0
Organophosphorus Poisoning [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Organophosphate Poisoning Poisoning due to exposure to ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, such as ORGANOPHOSPHATES; ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATES; and ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHONATES.	2.68	3	0
Genome Instability [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	3.6	9	0
Convulsive Generalized Seizure Disorder [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Plant Poisoning Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage.	3.34	7	0
Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body.	3.92	13	0
Enlarged Liver [description not available]	3.22	6	0
Envenomation, Scorpion [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction [description not available]	3.5	8	0
Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).	3.5	8	0
Cataract, Membranous [description not available]	3.24	6	0
Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)	3.24	6	0
Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)	3.57	3	0
Central Pontine Myelinolysis [description not available]	3.82	2	0
Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.	4.97	9	0
Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.	4.97	9	0
Granuloma, Hodgkin [description not available]	7.59	13	1
Hodgkin Disease A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.	7.59	13	1
Leukemia P388 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.	3.38	7	0
Blood Clot [description not available]	5.49	5	1
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	5.49	5	1
Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.	2.05	1	0
Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.	7.05	1	0
Bewilderment [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Bites [description not available]	3.25	6	0
Acquired Encephalocele [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Tick Infestations Infestations with soft-bodied (Argasidae) or hard-bodied (Ixodidae) ticks.	2.72	3	0
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.	5.08	17	0
Hemorrhagic Diathesis [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Hemorrhagic Disorders Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS).	1.92	1	0
Nicotine Addiction [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Tobacco Use Disorder Tobacco used to the detriment of a person's health or social functioning. Tobacco dependence is included.	2.05	1	0
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	4.86	8	0
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	4.86	8	0
T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Leukemia L5178 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia of mice.	2.05	1	0
Lymphoma, T-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.	2.05	1	0
Cranial Nerve III Diseases [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Behavior Disorders [description not available]	3.45	8	0
Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.	3.45	8	0
Alcoholic Pancreatitis [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Fetal Death Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.	3.05	5	0
Glucose Metabolic Disorder [description not available]	2.97	1	0
Cushing's Syndrome [description not available]	5.01	3	1
Antidiuretic Hormone, Inappropriate Secretion [description not available]	2.97	1	0
Cushing Syndrome A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent.	5.01	3	1
Inappropriate ADH Syndrome A condition of HYPONATREMIA and renal salt loss attributed to overexpansion of BODY FLUIDS resulting from sustained release of ANTIDIURETIC HORMONES which stimulates renal resorption of water. It is characterized by normal KIDNEY function, high urine OSMOLALITY, low serum osmolality, and neurological dysfunction. Etiologies include ADH-producing neoplasms, injuries or diseases involving the HYPOTHALAMUS, the PITUITARY GLAND, and the LUNG. This syndrome can also be drug-induced.	2.97	1	0
Thyroid Diseases Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.	3.34	2	0
Eperythrozoonosis [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Amphetamine Abuse [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Amphetamine-Related Disorders Disorders related or resulting from use of amphetamines.	2.06	1	0
Leishmania Infection [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Leishmaniasis A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).	2.05	1	0
Respiratory Tract Diseases Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.	12.45	87	2
Bronchospasm [description not available]	10.67	7	1
Bronchial Spasm Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi.	5.67	7	1
Itching [description not available]	3.41	7	0
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.	3.41	7	0
Clostridium tetani Infection [description not available]	3.18	6	0
Tetanus A disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI. Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. It may progress to the generalized form.	3.18	6	0
Dermatitis Exfoliativa [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Dermatitis, Exfoliative The widespread involvement of the skin by a scaly, erythematous dermatitis occurring either as a secondary or reactive process to an underlying cutaneous disorder (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.), or as a primary or idiopathic disease. It is often associated with the loss of hair and nails, hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, and pruritus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	1.92	1	0
Neuritis A general term indicating inflammation of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Clinical manifestation may include PAIN; PARESTHESIAS; PARESIS; or HYPESTHESIA.	2.63	3	0
Emergencies Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.	5.93	18	0
Biliary Calculi [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Gallstones Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHIASIS. Gallstones, derived from the BILE, consist mainly of calcium, cholesterol, or bilirubin.	2.06	1	0
Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy A phenomenon in which symptoms of a disease are fabricated by an individual other than the patient causing unnecessary, and often painful, physical examinations and treatments. This syndrome is considered a form of CHILD ABUSE, since another individual, usually a parent, is the source of the fabrication of symptoms and presents the child for medical care.	2.05	1	0
Respiration Disorders Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.	6.45	30	0
Embryopathies [description not available]	8.81	4	0
Acatalasemia [description not available]	3.08	5	0
Aspergillus Infection [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Aspergillosis Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.	2.41	2	0
Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage Bleeding within the subcortical regions of cerebral hemispheres (BASAL GANGLIA). It is often associated with HYPERTENSION or ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS. Clinical manifestations may include HEADACHE; DYSKINESIAS; and HEMIPARESIS.	2.44	2	0
Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.	2.48	2	0
Acute Coronary Syndrome An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	7.05	1	0
ADPKD [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant Kidney disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance and characterized by multiple CYSTS in both KIDNEYS with progressive deterioration of renal function.	2.42	2	0
Fasciola Infection [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Fascioliasis Liver disease caused by infections with parasitic flukes of the genus FASCIOLA, such as FASCIOLA HEPATICA.	2.06	1	0
Blood Diseases [description not available]	4.26	4	1
Splenic Diseases Diseases involving the SPLEEN.	2.88	4	0
Hematologic Diseases Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.	4.26	4	1
Choked Disk [description not available]	3.22	6	0
Papilledema Swelling of the OPTIC DISK, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins. Chronic papilledema may cause OPTIC ATROPHY and visual loss. (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p175)	3.22	6	0
Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.	4.87	13	0
Alopecia Cicatrisata [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Alopecia Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.	2.65	3	0
Inhalation Injury, Smoke [description not available]	10.65	47	1
Gasser Syndrome [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome A syndrome that is associated with microvascular diseases of the KIDNEY, such as RENAL CORTICAL NECROSIS. It is characterized by hemolytic anemia (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC); THROMBOCYTOPENIA; and ACUTE RENAL FAILURE.	2.06	1	0
Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.	3.79	4	0
Neurogenic Inflammation Inflammation caused by an injurious stimulus of peripheral neurons and resulting in release of neuropeptides which affect vascular permeability and help initiate proinflammatory and immune reactions at the site of injury.	2.06	1	0
Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available]	3.21	6	0
Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.	3.21	6	0
Tachyarrhythmia [description not available]	4.6	3	2
Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.	4.6	3	2
Pleurisy INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.	2.39	2	0
Hematuria Presence of blood in the urine.	2.66	3	0
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.	2.91	4	0
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.	2.91	4	0
Schistosoma mansoni Infection [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Schistosomiasis mansoni Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni. It is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean and affects mainly the bowel, spleen, and liver.	2.06	1	0
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.	2.69	3	0
Rheumatism [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Rheumatic Diseases Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.	2.65	3	0
Keloid A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar resulting from formation of excessive amounts of collagen in the dermis during connective tissue repair. It is differentiated from a hypertrophic scar (CICATRIX, HYPERTROPHIC) in that the former does not spread to surrounding tissues.	7.06	1	0
Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	5.62	9	2
Adrenal Gland Diseases Pathological processes of the ADRENAL GLANDS.	2.66	3	0
Carotid Artery Narrowing [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Carotid Stenosis Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)	2.06	1	0
Coma, Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda An autosomal dominant or acquired porphyria due to a deficiency of UROPORPHYRINOGEN DECARBOXYLASE in the LIVER. It is characterized by photosensitivity and cutaneous lesions with little or no neurologic symptoms. Type I is the acquired form and is strongly associated with liver diseases and hepatic toxicities caused by alcohol or estrogenic steroids. Type II is the familial form.	2.07	1	0
Acute Yellow Atrophy [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.	7.43	2	0
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	4.87	35	0
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	4.87	35	0
Hemorrhage, Peptic Ulcer [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Albinism General term for a number of inherited defects of amino acid metabolism in which there is a deficiency or absence of pigment in the eyes, skin, or hair.	2.47	2	0
Morphine Abuse [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available]	4.15	6	0
Morphine Dependence Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.	2.07	1	0
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.	4.15	6	0
Dysentery, Shiga bacillus [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Dysentery, Bacillary DYSENTERY caused by gram-negative rod-shaped enteric bacteria (ENTEROBACTERIACEAE), most often by the genus SHIGELLA. Shigella dysentery, Shigellosis, is classified into subgroups according to syndrome severity and the infectious species. Group A: SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE (severest); Group B: SHIGELLA FLEXNERI; Group C: SHIGELLA BOYDII; and Group D: SHIGELLA SONNEI (mildest).	2.07	1	0
MODS [description not available]	2.92	4	0
Multiple Organ Failure A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.	2.92	4	0
Anemia, Cooley's [description not available]	2.07	1	0
beta-Thalassemia A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin. There is retardation of hemoglobin A synthesis in the heterozygous form (thalassemia minor), which is asymptomatic, while in the homozygous form (thalassemia major, Cooley's anemia, Mediterranean anemia, erythroblastic anemia), which can result in severe complications and even death, hemoglobin A synthesis is absent.	2.07	1	0
Digestive System Disorders [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Digestive System Diseases Diseases in any part of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the accessory organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).	7.4	2	0
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Hepatitis B Virus Infection [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Hepatitis B INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	2.07	1	0
Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.	8.56	3	0
Smoking Cessation Discontinuing the habit of SMOKING.	2.96	4	0
Thrombocytopathy [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Blood Platelet Disorders Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function.	2.07	1	0
Hyperuricemia Excessive URIC ACID or urate in blood as defined by its solubility in plasma at 37 degrees C; greater than 0.42mmol per liter (7.0mg/dL) in men or 0.36mmol per liter (6.0mg/dL) in women. This condition is caused by overproduction of uric acid or impaired renal clearance. Hyperuricemia can be acquired, drug-induced or genetically determined (LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME). It is associated with HYPERTENSION and GOUT.	2.47	2	0
Bladder, Overactive [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Urinary Bladder, Overactive Symptom of overactive detrusor muscle of the URINARY BLADDER that contracts with abnormally high frequency and urgency. Overactive bladder is characterized by the frequent feeling of needing to urinate during the day, during the night, or both. URINARY INCONTINENCE may or may not be present.	2.08	1	0
Gas Poisoning Poisoning that results from exposure to gases such as CARBON MONOXIDE; NOBLE GASES; OXYGEN; or NATURAL GAS.	3.05	5	0
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available]	3.4	7	0
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)	3.4	7	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	2.89	4	0
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	2.89	4	0
Abnormalities, Multiple Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure.	2.92	4	0
Adenoma, beta-Cell [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Insulinoma A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.	2.08	1	0
Eye Abnormalities Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the eye; may also be hereditary.	2.07	1	0
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available]	3.84	4	0
Recrudescence [description not available]	4.28	7	0
African Lymphoma [description not available]	3.82	4	0
Burkitt Lymphoma A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.	3.82	4	0
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	4.57	10	0
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	4.57	10	0
Cocaine Abuse [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Cocaine-Related Disorders Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine.	2.7	3	0
Hypertriglyceridemia A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.	2.01	1	0
Eosinophilia, Tropical [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Eosinophilia Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.	2.67	3	0
Cannabis Abuse [description not available]	3.34	2	0
Marijuana Abuse Use of marijuana associated with abnormal psychological, social, and or occupational functioning.	3.34	2	0
Impotence [description not available]	3.82	2	1
Erectile Dysfunction The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.	3.82	2	1
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available]	4.78	12	0
Cancer, Radiation-Induced [description not available]	3.8	4	0
Deficiency, Folic Acid [description not available]	4.36	21	0
Folic Acid Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)	4.36	21	0
Child Development Deviations [description not available]	4.08	3	0
Developmental Disabilities Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed)	4.08	3	0
Cervix Dysplasia [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Fibroma, Shope [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Uterine Cervical Dysplasia Abnormal development of immature squamous EPITHELIAL CELLS of the UTERINE CERVIX, a term used to describe premalignant cytological changes in the cervical EPITHELIUM. These atypical cells do not penetrate the epithelial BASEMENT MEMBRANE.	2.71	3	0
Nail Fungus [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Onychomycosis A fungal infection of the nail, usually caused by DERMATOPHYTES; YEASTS; or nondermatophyte MOLDS.	2.01	1	0
Lower Extremity Weakness, Spastic [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Psychoses, Drug [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Psychoses [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Psychotic Disorders Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)	2.65	3	0
Hydrophobia [description not available]	2.62	3	0
Disease A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.	3.03	5	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	9.84	45	1
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	9.84	45	1
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular [description not available]	2.33	2	0
Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	5.64	7	1
Peripheral Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.	2.33	2	0
Bordetella pertussis Infection, Respiratory [description not available]	2.33	2	0
Whooping Cough A respiratory infection caused by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS and characterized by paroxysmal coughing ending in a prolonged crowing intake of breath.	2.33	2	0
Altidudinal Hemianopia [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Anemia, Hemolytic A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).	2.34	2	0
Eye Diseases, Hereditary Transmission of gene defects or chromosomal aberrations/abnormalities which are expressed in extreme variation in the structure or function of the eye. These may be evident at birth, but may be manifested later with progression of the disorder.	1.93	1	0
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness [description not available]	5.22	51	0
Gastroduodenal Ulcer [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Peptic Ulcer Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	1.93	1	0
Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin.	5.38	24	0
Injuries, Eye [description not available]	4.16	17	0
Eye Injuries Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries.	4.16	17	0
Bilharziasis [description not available]	5.46	26	0
Schistosomiasis Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.	5.46	26	0
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.	4.27	7	0
Focal Neurologic Deficits [description not available]	4.24	4	1
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2.87	4	0
Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	1.93	1	0
Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.	1.93	1	0
Hypertension, Renal Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN.	1.93	1	0
Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available]	3.05	5	0
Poisoning, Mercury [description not available]	4.48	9	0
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	1.93	1	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.	3.05	5	0
Mercury Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of MERCURY or MERCURY COMPOUNDS.	4.48	9	0
Pyelonephritis Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.	2.35	2	0
Hyperactivity, Motor [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Dyskinesia Syndromes [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Movement Disorders Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.	2.64	3	0
Hyperlipoproteinemia [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Hyperlipoproteinemias Conditions with abnormally elevated levels of LIPOPROTEINS in the blood. They may be inherited, acquired, primary, or secondary. Hyperlipoproteinemias are classified according to the pattern of lipoproteins on electrophoresis or ultracentrifugation.	1.93	1	0
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	3.66	10	0
Deficiency of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase [description not available]	3.55	3	0
Pigmentary Retinopathy [description not available]	3.55	3	0
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency A disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE activity in erythrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia.	3.55	3	0
Retinitis Pigmentosa Hereditary, progressive degeneration of the retina due to death of ROD PHOTORECEPTORS initially and subsequent death of CONE PHOTORECEPTORS. It is characterized by deposition of pigment in the retina.	3.55	3	0
Nephritis Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.	2.85	1	0
Bed Sores [description not available]	3.76	2	1
Pressure Ulcer An ulceration caused by prolonged pressure on the SKIN and TISSUES when one stays in one position for a long period of time, such as lying in bed. The bony areas of the body are the most frequently affected sites which become ischemic (ISCHEMIA) under sustained and constant pressure.	3.76	2	1
Injuries, Radiation [description not available]	3.06	5	0
Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available]	3.21	6	0
Female Genital Diseases [description not available]	4.44	5	1
Genital Diseases, Female Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).	4.44	5	1
Actinomyces Infections [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Deficiency, Vitamin B 12 [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. A wide variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities is also seen in vitamin B 12 deficiency and appears to be due to an undefined defect involving myelin synthesis. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p848)	1.93	1	0
Narcosis A state of depressed CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM marked by stupor or insensibility.	1.93	1	0
Mast-Cell Leukemia [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Leukemia, Mast-Cell A form of systemic mastocytosis (MASTOCYTOSIS, SYSTEMIC) characterized by the presence of large numbers of tissue MAST CELLS in the peripheral blood without skin lesions. It is a high-grade LEUKEMIA disease with bone marrow smear of	2.01	1	0
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome [description not available]	3.58	3	0
Demyelinating Diseases Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.	3.58	3	0
Infant, Premature, Diseases Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS.	2.67	3	0
Cystic Periventricular Leukomalacia [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Leukomalacia, Periventricular Degeneration of white matter adjacent to the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES following cerebral hypoxia or BRAIN ISCHEMIA in neonates. The condition primarily affects white matter in the perfusion zone between superficial and deep branches of the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY. Clinical manifestations include VISION DISORDERS; CEREBRAL PALSY; PARAPLEGIA; SEIZURES; and cognitive disorders. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1021; Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch4, pp30-1)	2.01	1	0
Black Fever [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Leishmaniasis, Visceral A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.	2.43	2	0
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available]	5.36	5	1
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.	5.36	5	1
Corynebacterium diphtheriae Infection [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Diphtheria A localized infection of mucous membranes or skin caused by toxigenic strains of CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE. It is characterized by the presence of a pseudomembrane at the site of infection. DIPHTHERIA TOXIN, produced by C. diphtheriae, can cause myocarditis, polyneuritis, and other systemic toxic effects.	6.92	1	0
Aspiculariasis [description not available]	2.62	3	0
Sinus Infections [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.	2.87	4	0
Arsenic Encephalopathy [description not available]	5.75	21	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	6.65	21	1
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	6.65	21	1
Occupational Injuries Injuries sustained from incidents in the course of work-related activities.	3.42	7	0
Bacillus anthracis Infection [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Anthrax An acute infection caused by the spore-forming bacteria BACILLUS ANTHRACIS. It commonly affects hoofed animals such as sheep and goats. Infection in humans often involves the skin (cutaneous anthrax), the lungs (inhalation anthrax), or the gastrointestinal tract. Anthrax is not contagious and can be treated with antibiotics.	7.36	2	0
Grippe [description not available]	4.98	3	1
Influenza, Human An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.	4.98	3	1
Infections, Meningococcal [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Meningococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS.	2.02	1	0
Alobar Holoprosencephaly [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Abnormalities, Mouth [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Fetal Distress A nonreassuring fetal status (NRFS) indicating that the FETUS is compromised (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 1988). It can be identified by sub-optimal values in FETAL HEART RATE; oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD; and other parameters.	2.93	1	0
Craniofacial Abnormalities Congenital structural deformities, malformations, or other abnormalities of the cranium and facial bones.	2.02	1	0
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.	2.44	2	0
Leukemia L 1210 [description not available]	3.57	9	0
Asystole [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Heart Arrest Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.	2.39	2	0
Insect Bites [description not available]	4.01	5	0
Insect Bites and Stings Bites and stings inflicted by insects.	4.01	5	0
Hypospermatogenesis [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome A syndrome of multiple defects characterized primarily by umbilical hernia (HERNIA, UMBILICAL); MACROGLOSSIA; and GIGANTISM; and secondarily by visceromegaly; HYPOGLYCEMIA; and ear abnormalities.	2.02	1	0
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	4.48	9	0
Sick Building Syndrome A group of symptoms that are two- to three-fold more common in those who work in large, energy-efficient buildings, associated with an increased frequency of headaches, lethargy, and dry skin. Clinical manifestations include hypersensitivity pneumonitis (ALVEOLITIS, EXTRINSIC ALLERGIC); allergic rhinitis (RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, PERENNIAL); ASTHMA; infections, skin eruptions, and mucous membrane irritation syndromes. Current usage tends to be less restrictive with regard to the type of building and delineation of complaints. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	2.73	3	0
Anterior Horn Cell Disease [description not available]	3.33	2	0
Motor Neuron Disease Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)	8.33	2	0
Beriberi, Cerebral [description not available]	3.76	2	0
Heavy Metal Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of HEAVY METALS. Acute and chronic exposures can cause ANEMIA; KIDNEY and LIVER damage; PULMONARY EDEMA; MEMORY LOSS and behavioral changes; bone deformities in children; and MISCARRIAGE or PREMATURE LABOR in pregnant women.	4.28	6	0
Blastocyst Disintegration [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Basal Ganglia Cerebrovascular Disease A pathological condition caused by impaired blood flow in the basal regions of cerebral hemispheres (BASAL GANGLIA), such as INFARCTION; HEMORRHAGE; or ISCHEMIA in vessels of this brain region including the lateral lenticulostriate arteries. Primary clinical manifestations include involuntary movements (DYSKINESIAS) and muscle weakness (HEMIPARESIS).	2.02	1	0
Blastocystis hominis Infections [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Hypophosphatemia A condition of an abnormally low level of PHOSPHATES in the blood.	2.02	1	0
Mushroom Poisoning Poisoning from ingestion of mushrooms, primarily from, but not restricted to, toxic varieties.	2.72	3	0
Demineralization, Tooth [description not available]	2.92	4	0
Dental Plaque A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.	5.67	7	1
Pericementitis [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Periodontitis Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)	2.37	2	0
Brachial Paresis [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Audiogenic Epilepsy [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Hemorrhage, Intracranial, Traumatic [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Catatonic Schizophrenia [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Epilepsy, Reflex A subtype of epilepsy characterized by seizures that are consistently provoked by a certain specific stimulus. Auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli as well as the acts of writing, reading, eating, and decision making are examples of events or activities that may induce seizure activity in affected individuals. (From Neurol Clin 1994 Feb;12(1):57-8)	2.02	1	0
Vision, Diminished [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	5	5	2
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	5	5	2
Alcohol Abuse, Nervous System [description not available]	2.94	1	0
Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder [description not available]	2.94	1	0
Avitaminosis A condition due to a deficiency of one or more essential vitamins. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.94	1	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	3.05	5	0
Dental Pulp Disease [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Dental Pulp Diseases Endodontic diseases of the DENTAL PULP inside the tooth, which is distinguished from PERIAPICAL DISEASES of the tissue surrounding the root.	2.39	2	0
Premenstrual Tension A term used to describe the psychological aspects of PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME, such as the indescribable tension, depression, hostility, and increased seizure activity in women with seizure disorder.	2.03	1	0
Premenstrual Syndrome A combination of distressing physical, psychologic, or behavioral changes that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms of PMS are diverse (such as pain, water-retention, anxiety, cravings, and depression) and they diminish markedly 2 or 3 days after the initiation of menses.	2.03	1	0
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.	2.67	3	0
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	4.87	8	0
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	4.87	8	0
Equine Diseases [description not available]	7.43	25	2
Developmental Psychomotor Disorders [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Hansen Disease [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Leprosy A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid.	2.68	3	0
Onchocerciasis Infection with nematodes of the genus ONCHOCERCA. Characteristics include the presence of firm subcutaneous nodules filled with adult worms, PRURITUS, and ocular lesions.	2.4	2	0
Perforated Appendicitis [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Appendicitis Acute inflammation of the APPENDIX. Acute appendicitis is classified as simple, gangrenous, or perforated.	2.42	2	0
Tooth Fractures Break or rupture of a tooth or tooth root.	2.03	1	0
Autosomal Recessive Chronic Granulomatous Disease [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Granulomatous Disease, Chronic A defect of leukocyte function in which phagocytic cells ingest but fail to digest bacteria, resulting in recurring bacterial infections with granuloma formation. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene, the condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, or NCF4 gene mutations, the condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.	2.4	2	0
Corneal Angiogenesis [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Corneal Neovascularization New blood vessels originating from the corneal blood vessels and extending from the limbus into the adjacent CORNEAL STROMA. Neovascularization in the superficial and/or deep corneal stroma is a sequel to numerous inflammatory diseases of the ocular anterior segment, such as TRACHOMA, viral interstitial KERATITIS, microbial KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS, and the immune response elicited by CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION.	2.03	1	0
Dysarthosis [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Chondromalacia Softening and degeneration of the CARTILAGE.	2.03	1	0
Cartilage Diseases Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (CARTILAGE).	2.03	1	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	8.36	7	0
Alcohol-Induced Disorders Disorders stemming from the misuse and abuse of alcohol.	2.03	1	0
Poisoning, Lead [description not available]	5.14	11	0
Lead Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds.	5.14	11	0
Abdominal Cramps [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Trypanosomiasis Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA.	2.38	2	0
Frigidity [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological Disturbances in sexual desire and the psychophysiologic changes that characterize the sexual response cycle and cause marked distress and interpersonal difficulty. (APA, DSM-IV, 1994)	2.04	1	0
Hay Fever [description not available]	3.83	12	0
Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal Allergic rhinitis that occurs at the same time every year. It is characterized by acute CONJUNCTIVITIS with lacrimation and ITCHING, and regarded as an allergic condition triggered by specific ALLERGENS.	3.83	12	0
Dermatitis, Occupational A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place.	7.96	145	0
Paronychia An inflammatory reaction involving the folds of the skin surrounding the fingernail. It is characterized by acute or chronic purulent, tender, and painful swellings of the tissues around the nail, caused by an abscess of the nail fold. The pathogenic yeast causing paronychia is most frequently Candida albicans. Saprophytic fungi may also be involved. The causative bacteria are usually Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Streptococcus. (Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, 8th ed, p271)	1.92	1	0
Diabetic Coma A state of unconsciousness as a complication of diabetes mellitus. It occurs in cases of extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA or extreme HYPOGLYCEMIA as a complication of INSULIN therapy.	1.92	1	0
Constriction, Pathological [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.	2.69	3	0
Gastric Diseases [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Keratitis, Acanthamoeba [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Acanthamoeba Keratitis Infection of the cornea by an ameboid protozoan which may cause corneal ulceration leading to blindness.	2.04	1	0
Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Retinoblastoma A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104)	2.04	1	0
Neuroses [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Neurotic Disorders Disorders in which the symptoms are distressing to the individual and recognized by him or her as being unacceptable. Social relationships may be greatly affected but usually remain within acceptable limits. The disturbance is relatively enduring or recurrent without treatment.	1.94	1	0
Mixed Pineocytoma-Pineoblastoma [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Pinealoma Neoplasms which originate from pineal parenchymal cells that tend to enlarge the gland and be locally invasive. The two major forms are pineocytoma and the more malignant pineoblastoma. Pineocytomas have moderate cellularity and tend to form rosette patterns. Pineoblastomas are highly cellular tumors containing small, poorly differentiated cells. These tumors occasionally seed the neuroaxis or cause obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS or Parinaud's syndrome. GERMINOMA; CARCINOMA, EMBRYONAL; GLIOMA; and other neoplasms may arise in the pineal region with germinoma being the most common pineal region tumor. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2064; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p670)	6.94	1	0
Hyperthyroid [description not available]	2.86	4	0
Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.	2.86	4	0
Psychoses, Alcoholic A group of mental disorders associated with organic brain damage and caused by poisoning from alcohol.	3.77	4	0
Enlarged Spleen [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic [description not available]	6.43	6	1
Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.	6.43	6	1
Adenovirus Infections [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Bronchial Pneumonia [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Canine Distemper [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Bordetella Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus BORDETELLA.	1.96	1	0
Adenoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ADENOVIRIDAE.	1.96	1	0
Infantile Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn A condition of the newborn marked by DYSPNEA with CYANOSIS, heralded by such prodromal signs as dilatation of the alae nasi, expiratory grunt, and retraction of the suprasternal notch or costal margins, mostly frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers, and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no apparent predisposing cause.	2.36	2	0
Starvation Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)	3.06	5	0
Deficiency, Ascorbic Acid [description not available]	3.57	3	0
Ascorbic Acid Deficiency A condition due to a dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), characterized by malaise, lethargy, and weakness. As the disease progresses, joints, muscles, and subcutaneous tissues may become the sites of hemorrhage. Ascorbic acid deficiency frequently develops into SCURVY in young children fed unsupplemented cow's milk exclusively during their first year. It develops also commonly in chronic alcoholism. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1177)	3.57	3	0
Infarct [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Lipidoses Conditions characterized by abnormal lipid deposition due to disturbance in lipid metabolism, such as hereditary diseases involving lysosomal enzymes required for lipid breakdown. They are classified either by the enzyme defect or by the type of lipid involved.	2.64	3	0
Distorted Hearing [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Adult Fanconi Syndrome [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Infections, Yersinia [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Enteritis Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.	1.96	1	0
Acidosis, Respiratory Respiratory retention of carbon dioxide. It may be chronic or acute.	2.66	3	0
Alkalosis A pathological condition that removes acid or adds base to the body fluids.	3.57	3	0
Hyperpotassemia [description not available]	3.74	2	0
Hyperkalemia Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinically by electrocardiographic abnormalities (elevated T waves and depressed P waves, and eventually by atrial asystole). In severe cases, weakness and flaccid paralysis may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)	3.74	2	0
Infection, Postoperative Wound [description not available]	4.61	6	1
Deficiency, Thiamine [description not available]	4.36	3	0
Thiamine Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of THIAMINE in the diet, characterized by anorexia, irritability, and weight loss. Later, patients experience weakness, peripheral neuropathy, headache, and tachycardia. In addition to being caused by a poor diet, thiamine deficiency in the United States most commonly occurs as a result of alcoholism, since ethanol interferes with thiamine absorption. In countries relying on polished rice as a dietary staple, BERIBERI prevalence is very high. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1171)	4.36	3	0
Cicatrization The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.	2.42	2	0
Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.	2.42	2	0
Biliary Tract Diseases Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.	2.65	3	0
Centriacinar Emphysema [description not available]	4.3	7	0
Acid Aspiration Syndrome [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Cot Death [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Pneumonia, Aspiration A type of lung inflammation resulting from the aspiration of food, liquid, or gastric contents into the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.	2.67	3	0
Scotoma A localized defect in the visual field bordered by an area of normal vision. This occurs with a variety of EYE DISEASES (e.g., RETINAL DISEASES and GLAUCOMA); OPTIC NERVE DISEASES, and other conditions.	3.2	6	0
Deficiency, Vitamin D [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Vitamin D Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)	1.95	1	0
Constitutional Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Amyotonia Congenita [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Myelopathy [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Neuromuscular Diseases A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.	1.95	1	0
Spinal Cord Diseases Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.	1.95	1	0
Pancreatic Diseases Pathological processes of the PANCREAS.	1.98	1	0
Rift Valley Fever An acute infection caused by the RIFT VALLEY FEVER VIRUS, an RNA arthropod-borne virus, affecting domestic animals and humans. In animals, symptoms include HEPATITIS; abortion (ABORTION, VETERINARY); and DEATH. In humans, symptoms range from those of a flu-like disease to hemorrhagic fever, ENCEPHALITIS, or BLINDNESS.	7.66	3	0
Mandibular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MANDIBLE.	2.68	3	0
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.	1.98	1	0
Carcinoma, Intraepithelial [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Carcinoma in Situ A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.	2.38	2	0
Fetal Growth Restriction [description not available]	5.04	3	1
Marasmus [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Fetal Growth Retardation Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.	5.04	3	1
Protein-Energy Malnutrition The lack of sufficient energy or protein to meet the body's metabolic demands, as a result of either an inadequate dietary intake of protein, intake of poor quality dietary protein, increased demands due to disease, or increased nutrient losses.	2.36	2	0
Arthus Phenomenon [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.	1.98	1	0
Airway Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.	7.01	10	1
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.	2.86	4	0
Cocarcinogenesis The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.	2.9	4	0
Acrania [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Neural Tube Defects Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)	7.67	3	0
Gingivitis Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue.	2.37	2	0
Nutritional Disorders [description not available]	3.78	4	0
Nutrition Disorders Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition.	3.78	4	0
Facial Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the FACE.	4.05	14	0
Hamartoma A focal malformation resembling a neoplasm, composed of an overgrowth of mature cells and tissues that normally occur in the affected area.	1.98	1	0
Skin Diseases, Vascular Skin diseases affecting or involving the cutaneous blood vessels and generally manifested as inflammation, swelling, erythema, or necrosis in the affected area.	1.98	1	0
Minimal Disease, Residual [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Benign Intracranial Hypertension [description not available]	2.9	1	0
Circulatory Collapse [description not available]	4.46	5	0
Hyponatremia Deficiency of sodium in the blood; salt depletion. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.9	1	0
Pseudotumor Cerebri A condition marked by raised intracranial pressure and characterized clinically by HEADACHES; NAUSEA; PAPILLEDEMA, peripheral constriction of the visual fields, transient visual obscurations, and pulsatile TINNITUS. OBESITY is frequently associated with this condition, which primarily affects women between 20 and 44 years of age. Chronic PAPILLEDEMA may lead to optic nerve injury (see OPTIC NERVE DISEASES) and visual loss (see BLINDNESS).	2.9	1	0
Shock A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.	9.46	5	0
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available]	4.08	3	1
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.	4.08	3	1
Cleft Palate, Isolated [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Cleft Palate Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion.	2.88	4	0
Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).	2.66	3	0
Infections, Chlamydia [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Chlamydia Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.	1.98	1	0
Cerebro-Hepato-Renal Syndrome [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Zellweger Syndrome An autosomal recessive disorder due to defects in PEROXISOME biogenesis which involves more than 13 genes encoding peroxin proteins of the peroxisomal membrane and matrix. Zellweger syndrome is typically seen in the neonatal period with features such as dysmorphic skull; MUSCLE HYPOTONIA; SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; visual compromise; SEIZURES; progressive degeneration of the KIDNEYS and the LIVER. Zellweger-like syndrome refers to phenotypes resembling the neonatal Zellweger syndrome but seen in children or adults with apparently intact peroxisome biogenesis.	1.98	1	0
Flushing A transient reddening of the face that may be due to fever, certain drugs, exertion, or stress.	1.98	1	0
Sore Throat [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Pharyngitis Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX).	2.68	3	0
Deficiency, Vitamin E [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Rida [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Manganese Poisoning Manganese poisoning is associated with chronic inhalation of manganese particles by individuals who work with manganese ore. Clinical features include CONFUSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and an extrapyramidal syndrome (PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) that includes rigidity; DYSTONIA; retropulsion; and TREMOR. (Adams, Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1213)	2.9	1	0
Abnormal Deep Tendon Reflex [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Reflex, Abnormal An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes.	1.98	1	0
Brain Damage, Chronic A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.	3.8	4	0
Fetal Resorption The disintegration and assimilation of the dead FETUS in the UTERUS at any stage after the completion of organogenesis which, in humans, is after the 9th week of GESTATION. It does not include embryo resorption (see EMBRYO LOSS).	1.98	1	0
Nasal Bleeding [description not available]	3.07	5	0
Epistaxis Bleeding from the nose.	3.07	5	0
Addiction, Opioid [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Opioid-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS.	1.98	1	0
Malassezia furfur Infection [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Tinea Versicolor A common chronic, noninflammatory and usually symptomless disorder, characterized by the occurrence of multiple macular patches of all sizes and shapes, and varying in pigmentation from fawn-colored to brown. It is seen most frequently in hot, humid, tropical regions and is mostly caused by MALASSEZIA FURFUR (formerly Pityrosporum orbiculare).	1.99	1	0
Tooth Discoloration Any change in the hue, color, or translucency of a tooth due to any cause. Restorative filling materials, drugs (both topical and systemic), pulpal necrosis, or hemorrhage may be responsible. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p253)	2.41	2	0
Bone Diseases Diseases of BONES.	3.34	7	0
Sensation Disorders Disorders of the special senses (i.e., VISION; HEARING; TASTE; and SMELL) or somatosensory system (i.e., afferent components of the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM).	1.99	1	0
Gallstone Disease [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Cholelithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).	1.99	1	0
Cough A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.	6.54	18	1
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	3.56	3	0
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.	3.56	3	0
Afferent Pupillary Defect [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Minimally Conscious State [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Injuries, Knee [description not available]	4.77	7	1
Plica Syndrome [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Knee Injuries Injuries to the knee or the knee joint.	4.77	7	1
Synovitis Inflammation of the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE.	2.37	2	0
Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral A group of viral diseases of diverse etiology but having many similar clinical characteristics; increased capillary permeability, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia are common to all. Hemorrhagic fevers are characterized by sudden onset, fever, headache, generalized myalgia, backache, conjunctivitis, and severe prostration, followed by various hemorrhagic symptoms. Hemorrhagic fever with kidney involvement is HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME.	1.99	1	0
P carinii Pneumonia [description not available]	2	1	0
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.	2	1	0
Fra(X) Syndrome [description not available]	2	1	0
Fragile X Syndrome A condition characterized genotypically by mutation of the distal end of the long arm of the X chromosome (at gene loci FRAXA or FRAXE) and phenotypically by cognitive impairment, hyperactivity, SEIZURES, language delay, and enlargement of the ears, head, and testes. INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY occurs in nearly all males and roughly 50% of females with the full mutation of FRAXA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p226)	2	1	0
Lymphangiomyomatosis [description not available]	2	1	0
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis A disease characterized by the progressive invasion of SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS into the LYMPHATIC VESSELS, and the BLOOD VESSELS. The majority of the cases occur in the LUNGS of women of child-bearing age, eventually blocking the flow of air, blood, and lymph. The common symptom is shortness of breath (DYSPNEA).	2	1	0
Hematemesis Vomiting of blood that is either fresh bright red, or older coffee-ground in character. It generally indicates bleeding of the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.	7	1	0
Viral Diseases [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	2.88	4	0
Obstructive Lung Diseases [description not available]	6.17	18	0
Lung Diseases, Obstructive Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.	6.17	18	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	4.48	9	0
Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available]	3.58	3	0
Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)	3.58	3	0
Amyloid Deposits [description not available]	2	1	0
Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Fungal Lung Diseases [description not available]	3.83	12	0
Abdomen, Acute A clinical syndrome with acute abdominal pain that is severe, localized, and rapid in onset. Acute abdomen may be caused by a variety of disorders, injuries, or diseases.	2	1	0
Adult-Onset Dystonias [description not available]	2	1	0
Dystonic Disorders Acquired and inherited conditions that feature DYSTONIA as a primary manifestation of disease. These disorders are generally divided into generalized dystonias (e.g., dystonia musculorum deformans) and focal dystonias (e.g., writer's cramp). They are also classified by patterns of inheritance and by age of onset.	2	1	0
Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.	4.04	15	0
Cognitive Manifestations [description not available]	2	1	0
Neurobehavioral Manifestations Signs and symptoms of higher cortical dysfunction caused by organic conditions. These include certain behavioral alterations and impairments of skills involved in the acquisition, processing, and utilization of knowledge or information.	2	1	0
Abdominal Migraine [description not available]	2	1	0
Migraine Disorders A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	2	1	0
Abscess, Epidural [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)	4.12	6	0
Serotonin Syndrome An adverse drug interaction characterized by altered mental status, autonomic dysfunction, and neuromuscular abnormalities. It is most frequently caused by use of both serotonin reuptake inhibitors and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, leading to excess serotonin availability in the CNS at the serotonin 1A receptor.	2.92	1	0
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.	1.95	1	0
Acne [description not available]	4.26	4	1
Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.	4.26	4	1
Experimental Leukemia [description not available]	4.57	10	0
Dermatitis Seborrheica [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Dermatitis, Seborrheic A chronic inflammatory disease of the skin with unknown etiology. It is characterized by moderate ERYTHEMA, dry, moist, or greasy (SEBACEOUS GLAND) scaling and yellow crusted patches on various areas, especially the scalp, that exfoliate as dandruff. Seborrheic dermatitis is common in children and adolescents with HIV INFECTIONS.	1.95	1	0
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	4.45	5	1
Eczema, Atopic [description not available]	6.14	12	1
Dermatitis, Eczematous [description not available]	5.35	14	1
Leg Ulcer Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes.	3.34	1	1
Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.	6.14	12	1
Eczema A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).	5.35	14	1
EHS Tumor [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Skin Ulcer An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues.	3.05	5	0
Acidosis, Renal Tubular, Type I [description not available]	2.87	1	0
Alkalosis, Respiratory A state due to excess loss of carbon dioxide from the body. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.87	1	0
Kahler Disease [description not available]	4.71	4	0
Acidosis, Renal Tubular A group of genetic disorders of the KIDNEY TUBULES characterized by the accumulation of metabolically produced acids with elevated plasma chloride, hyperchloremic metabolic ACIDOSIS. Defective renal acidification of URINE (proximal tubules) or low renal acid excretion (distal tubules) can lead to complications such as HYPOKALEMIA, hypercalcinuria with NEPHROLITHIASIS and NEPHROCALCINOSIS, and RICKETS.	2.87	1	0
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	4.71	4	0
Remission, Spontaneous A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.	5.66	7	1
Hyperidrosis [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Hyperhidrosis Excessive sweating. In the localized type, the most frequent sites are the palms, soles, axillae, inguinal folds, and the perineal area. Its chief cause is thought to be emotional. Generalized hyperhidrosis may be induced by a hot, humid environment, by fever, or by vigorous exercise.	1.95	1	0
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	4.74	7	0
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.	4.74	7	0
Arbovirus Infections Infections caused by arthropod-borne viruses, general or unspecified.	1.95	1	0
Adenohypophyseal Diseases [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Pituitary Diseases Disorders involving either the ADENOHYPOPHYSIS or the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. These diseases usually manifest as hypersecretion or hyposecretion of PITUITARY HORMONES. Neoplastic pituitary masses can also cause compression of the OPTIC CHIASM and other adjacent structures.	2.35	2	0
Cerebral Arteriosclerosis [description not available]	4.43	5	1
Intracranial Arteriosclerosis Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKULL. There are three subtypes: (1) atherosclerosis with fatty deposits in the ARTERIAL INTIMA; (2) Monckeberg's sclerosis with calcium deposits in the media and (3) arteriolosclerosis involving the small caliber arteries. Clinical signs include HEADACHE; CONFUSION; transient blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX); speech impairment; and HEMIPARESIS.	4.43	5	1
Acute Kidney Tubular Necrosis [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of EPITHELIAL CELLS of the KIDNEY TUBULES. It is commonly attributed to exposure to toxic agents or renal ISCHEMIA following severe TRAUMA.	1.95	1	0
Carcinoma 256, Walker A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.35	2	0
Eye Foreign Bodies Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the eye.	7.73	111	0
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	3.84	12	0
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	3.84	12	0
Plasma Cell Tumor [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Plasmacytoma Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.	2.64	3	0
Anti-MuSK Myasthenia Gravis [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Night Blindness Failure or imperfection of vision at night or in dim light, with good vision only on bright days. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.95	1	0
Myasthenia Gravis A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition.	1.95	1	0
Osseous Paget's Disease [description not available]	2.86	1	0
Osteitis Deformans A disease marked by repeated episodes of increased bone resorption followed by excessive attempts at repair, resulting in weakened, deformed bones of increased mass. The resultant architecture of the bone assumes a mosaic pattern in which the fibers take on a haphazard pattern instead of the normal parallel symmetry.	2.86	1	0
Alcohol Amnestic Disorder A mental disorder associated with chronic ethanol abuse (ALCOHOLISM) and nutritional deficiencies characterized by short term memory loss, confabulations, and disturbances of attention. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1139)	2.86	1	0
Alcohol Withdrawal Associated Autonomic Hyperactivity [description not available]	3.28	2	0
Adiadochokinesis [description not available]	3.27	2	0
Hallucination of Body Sensation [description not available]	3.27	2	0
Muscle Disorders [description not available]	5.37	5	1
Polyneuropathy, Acquired [description not available]	3.56	3	0
Cerebellar Ataxia Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES. Characteristic features include a tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target (dysmetria), a tremor that occurs during attempted movements (intention TREMOR), impaired force and rhythm of diadochokinesis (rapidly alternating movements), and GAIT ATAXIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p90)	3.27	2	0
Hallucinations Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.	3.27	2	0
Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.	5.37	5	1
Polyneuropathies Diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or autonomic), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., demyelinating vs. axonal), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance.	3.56	3	0
Rhabdomyosarcoma A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)	2.36	2	0
Bronchitis Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.	9.29	21	1
Bradyarrhythmia [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Bradycardia Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.	2.35	2	0
Aneuploid [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Female Genital Neoplasms [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Genital Neoplasms, Female Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).	1.98	1	0
Esophageal Stricture [description not available]	2.89	1	0
Esophageal Stenosis A stricture of the ESOPHAGUS. Most are acquired but can be congenital.	2.89	1	0
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	4.74	7	0
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	4.74	7	0
Soft Tissue Neoplasms Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.	3.59	3	0
Cane-Cutter Fever [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Leptospirosis Infections with bacteria of the genus LEPTOSPIRA.	6.97	1	0
Lassitude [description not available]	4.63	6	1
Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.	4.63	6	1
Apraxia [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Apraxias A group of cognitive disorders characterized by the inability to perform previously learned skills that cannot be attributed to deficits of motor or sensory function. The two major subtypes of this condition are ideomotor (see APRAXIA, IDEOMOTOR) and ideational apraxia, which refers to loss of the ability to mentally formulate the processes involved with performing an action. For example, dressing apraxia may result from an inability to mentally formulate the act of placing clothes on the body. Apraxias are generally associated with lesions of the dominant PARIETAL LOBE and supramarginal gyrus. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp56-7)	1.97	1	0
BH4 Deficiency [description not available]	4.05	3	1
Phenylketonurias A group of autosomal recessive disorders marked by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE or less frequently by reduced activity of DIHYDROPTERIDINE REDUCTASE (i.e., atypical phenylketonuria). Classical phenylketonuria is caused by a severe deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase and presents in infancy with developmental delay; SEIZURES; skin HYPOPIGMENTATION; ECZEMA; and demyelination in the central nervous system. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p952).	4.05	3	1
Cell Transformation, Viral An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.	2.37	2	0
Pemphigus Foliaceus [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Pemphigus Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS.	2.36	2	0
Diseases of Endocrine System [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Deficiency, Mental [description not available]	4.72	7	1
Endocrine System Diseases Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.	1.96	1	0
Intellectual Disability Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)	4.72	7	1
Mast-Cell Sarcoma A unifocal malignant tumor that consists of atypical pathological MAST CELLS without systemic involvement. It causes local destructive growth in organs other than in skin or bone marrow.	1.96	1	0
Gout Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi.	2.34	2	0
Teeth, Unerupted [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Broad Beta Disease [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type III An autosomal recessively inherited disorder characterized by the accumulation of intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL or broad-beta-lipoprotein). IDL has a CHOLESTEROL to TRIGLYCERIDES ratio greater than that of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. This disorder is due to mutation of APOLIPOPROTEINS E, a receptor-binding component of VLDL and CHYLOMICRONS, resulting in their reduced clearance and high plasma levels of both cholesterol and triglycerides.	1.97	1	0
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	4.44	5	1
Bodily Distress Disorder [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Apnea A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.	2.68	3	0
Encephalitis, JC Polyomavirus [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal An opportunistic viral infection of the central nervous system associated with conditions that impair cell-mediated immunity (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES; HEMATOLOGIC NEOPLASMS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; and COLLAGEN DISEASES). The causative organism is JC Polyomavirus (JC VIRUS) which primarily affects oligodendrocytes, resulting in multiple areas of demyelination. Clinical manifestations include DEMENTIA; ATAXIA; visual disturbances; and other focal neurologic deficits, generally progressing to a vegetative state within 6 months. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp36-7)	1.96	1	0
Leukocytosis A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.	3.29	2	0
Myoglobinuria The presence of MYOGLOBIN in URINE usually as a result of rhabdomyolysis.	1.96	1	0
Rhabdomyolysis Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.	1.96	1	0
Adrenal Cancer [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Pheochromocytoma A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)	1.96	1	0
Encephalomyelitis, Inflammatory [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Encephalomyelitis A general term indicating inflammation of the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD, often used to indicate an infectious process, but also applicable to a variety of autoimmune and toxic-metabolic conditions. There is significant overlap regarding the usage of this term and ENCEPHALITIS in the literature.	2.35	2	0
Icterus Gravis Neonatorum [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Jaundice, Neonatal Yellow discoloration of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA in the NEWBORN. It is a sign of NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Most cases are transient self-limiting (PHYSIOLOGICAL NEONATAL JAUNDICE) occurring in the first week of life, but some can be a sign of pathological disorders, particularly LIVER DISEASES.	1.94	1	0
Deficiency Diseases A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	2.35	2	0
Aphthae [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Stomatitis, Aphthous A recurrent disease of the oral mucosa of unknown etiology. It is characterized by small white ulcerative lesions, single or multiple, round or oval. Two to eight crops of lesions occur per year, lasting for 7 to 14 days and then heal without scarring. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p742)	1.94	1	0
Pachymeningitis [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Meningitis Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)	2.88	4	0
Abortion, Veterinary Premature expulsion of the FETUS in animals.	1.94	1	0
Clerambault Syndrome [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Amentia [description not available]	3.56	9	0
Childhood Tic Disorders [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Dementia An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.	3.56	9	0
Ambiguous Genitalia [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Disorders of Sex Development In gonochoristic organisms, congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Effects from exposure to abnormal levels of GONADAL HORMONES in the maternal environment, or disruption of the function of those hormones by ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS are included.	2.34	2	0
Classic Galactosemia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Encephalitis, Inclusion Body, Measles [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Galactosemias A group of inherited enzyme deficiencies which feature elevations of GALACTOSE in the blood. This condition may be associated with deficiencies of GALACTOKINASE; UDPGLUCOSE-HEXOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; or UDPGLUCOSE 4-EPIMERASE. The classic form is caused by UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase deficiency, and presents in infancy with FAILURE TO THRIVE; VOMITING; and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. Affected individuals also may develop MENTAL RETARDATION; JAUNDICE; hepatosplenomegaly; ovarian failure (PRIMARY OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY); and cataracts. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp61-3)	1.94	1	0
Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Error [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Leukoma [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Eccentro-Osteochondrodysplasia [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Corneal Opacity Disorder occurring in the central or peripheral area of the cornea. The usual degree of transparency becomes relatively opaque.	1.95	1	0
Mucopolysaccharidosis IV Genetic disorder of mucopolysaccharide metabolism characterized by skeletal abnormalities, joint instability, development of cervical myelopathy, and excessive urinary keratan sulfate. There are two biochemically distinct forms, each due to a deficiency of a different enzyme.	1.95	1	0
Reticulum Cell-Like Sarcoma, Yoshida [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic Infections of the INTESTINES with PARASITES, commonly involving PARASITIC WORMS. Infections with roundworms (NEMATODE INFECTIONS) and tapeworms (CESTODE INFECTIONS) are also known as HELMINTHIASIS.	1.94	1	0
Endothelioma, Vascular [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Hemangioendothelioma A neoplasm derived from blood vessels, characterized by numerous prominent endothelial cells that occur singly, in aggregates, and as the lining of congeries of vascular tubes or channels. Hemangioendotheliomas are relatively rare and are of intermediate malignancy (between benign hemangiomas and conventional angiosarcomas). They affect men and women about equally and rarely develop in childhood. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1866)	1.94	1	0
Leukemia, Radiation-Induced Leukemia produced by exposure to IONIZING RADIATION or NON-IONIZING RADIATION.	2.36	2	0
Abnormalities, Urogenital [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Avian Sarcoma [description not available]	2.86	1	0
Infection [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Collagen Diseases Historically, a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, etc. This classification was based on the notion that collagen was equivalent to connective tissue, but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen and the aggregates derived from them as distinct entities, the term collagen diseases now pertains exclusively to those inherited conditions in which the primary defect is at the gene level and affects collagen biosynthesis, post-translational modification, or extracellular processing directly. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1494)	2.34	2	0
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	2.35	2	0
Leukemia, Acute Monocytic [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which 80% or more of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage including monoblasts, promonocytes, and MONOCYTES.	1.94	1	0
Arteriosclerosis Obliterans Common occlusive arterial disease which is caused by ATHEROSCLEROSIS. It is characterized by lesions in the innermost layer (ARTERIAL INTIMA) of arteries including the AORTA and its branches to the extremities. Risk factors include smoking, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, and HYPERTENSION.	3.74	2	1
Tuberculosis, Bovine An infection of cattle caused by MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. It is transmissible to man and other animals.	1.94	1	0
Aqueductal Stenosis [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Microphthalmia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Blood Protein Disorders Hematologic diseases caused by structural or functional defects of BLOOD PROTEINS.	3.33	1	1
Xanthoma [description not available]	3.74	2	1
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome [description not available]	3.45	8	0
Kaposi Disease [description not available]	2.86	1	0
Xeroderma Pigmentosum A rare, pigmentary, and atrophic autosomal recessive disease. It is manifested as an extreme photosensitivity to ULTRAVIOLET RAYS as the result of a deficiency in the enzyme that permits excisional repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA.	2.86	1	0
Arthropathies [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Joint Diseases Diseases involving the JOINTS.	2.87	4	0
Labor, Premature [description not available]	3.28	2	0
Hyperbilirubinemia, Hereditary Inborn errors of bilirubin metabolism resulting in excessive amounts of bilirubin in the circulating blood, either because of increased bilirubin production or because of delayed clearance of bilirubin from the blood.	3.27	2	0
Enteric Fever [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Typhoid Fever An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.	1.95	1	0
Bacteriuria The presence of bacteria in the urine which is normally bacteria-free. These bacteria are from the URINARY TRACT and are not contaminants of the surrounding tissues. Bacteriuria can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Significant bacteriuria is an indicator of urinary tract infection.	4.3	2	2
Infection, Puerperal [description not available]	3.33	1	1
Deficiency, Protein [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Farmer's Lung A form of alveolitis or pneumonitis due to an acquired hypersensitivity to inhaled antigens associated with farm environment. Antigens in the farm dust are commonly from bacteria actinomycetes (SACCHAROPOLYSPORA and THERMOACTINOMYCES), fungi, and animal proteins in the soil, straw, crops, pelts, serum, and excreta.	3.04	5	0
Inner Ear Disease [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Labyrinth Diseases Pathological processes of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) which contains the essential apparatus of hearing (COCHLEA) and balance (SEMICIRCULAR CANALS).	2.35	2	0
Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.	2.88	4	0
Cretinism [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Congenital Hypothyroidism A condition in infancy or early childhood due to an in-utero deficiency of THYROID HORMONES that can be caused by genetic or environmental factors, such as thyroid dysgenesis or HYPOTHYROIDISM in infants of mothers treated with THIOURACIL during pregnancy. Endemic cretinism is the result of iodine deficiency. Clinical symptoms include severe MENTAL RETARDATION, impaired skeletal development, short stature, and MYXEDEMA.	1.94	1	0
ENT Diseases [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Cancer of the Uterus [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.	1.95	1	0
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians [description not available]	3.81	4	0
Diabetes Insipidus A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as ADH or VASOPRESSIN) secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, impaired KIDNEY response to ADH, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst.	2.38	2	0
Microcephaly A congenital abnormality in which the CEREBRUM is underdeveloped, the fontanels close prematurely, and, as a result, the head is small. (Desk Reference for Neuroscience, 2nd ed.)	2.86	4	0
Deficiency, Pyridoxine [description not available]	3.45	8	0
Pleural Effusion Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.	2.38	2	0
Brucella Infection [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Brucellosis Infection caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA mainly involving the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. This condition is characterized by fever, weakness, malaise, and weight loss.	1.95	1	0
Infections, Salmonella [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Liver Diseases, Parasitic Liver diseases caused by infections with PARASITES, such as tapeworms (CESTODA) and flukes (TREMATODA).	1.95	1	0
Hypokalemia Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)	7.63	3	0
Adhesions, Tissue [description not available]	2.9	4	0
Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.	3.83	12	0
Salmonella Infections, Animal Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.	2.9	4	0
Sterility, Female [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Infertility, Female Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.	2.38	2	0
Muscle Spasm [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Spasm An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE.	2.35	2	0
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	2.35	2	0
Armstrong Syndrome [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Craniocerebral Injuries [description not available]	5.21	12	1
Craniocerebral Trauma Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage.	5.21	12	1
Ptosis, Eyelid [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Blepharoptosis Drooping of the upper lid due to deficient development or paralysis of the levator palpebrae muscle.	2.65	3	0
Cerebromeningitis [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Cold Fingers, Hereditary [description not available]	3.9	13	0
Intermittent Claudication A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE.	1.94	1	0
Raynaud Disease An idiopathic vascular disorder characterized by bilateral Raynaud phenomenon, the abrupt onset of digital paleness or CYANOSIS in response to cold exposure or stress.	3.9	13	0
Hand Injuries General or unspecified injuries to the hand.	7.2	22	1
Genetic Diseases [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Bleb [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Acantholysis Bullosa [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Xeroderma [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Keratoderma Blennorrhagicum [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Epidermolysis Bullosa Group of genetically determined disorders characterized by the blistering of skin and mucosae. There are four major forms: acquired, simple, junctional, and dystrophic. Each of the latter three has several varieties.	1.94	1	0
Ichthyosis Any of several generalized skin disorders characterized by dryness, roughness, and scaliness, due to hypertrophy of the stratum corneum epidermis. Most are genetic, but some are acquired, developing in association with other systemic disease or genetic syndrome.	1.94	1	0
Keratosis Any horny growth such as a wart or callus.	2.64	3	0
Genetic Diseases, Inborn Diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during embryo or fetal development, although they may be observed later in life. The mutations may be inherited from a parent's genome or they may be acquired in utero.	1.94	1	0
Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye.	2.69	3	0
Depression, Involutional Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.	2.35	2	0
Central Nervous System Origin Vertigo [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Depressive Disorder, Major Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)	2.35	2	0
Vertigo An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (EAR, INNER); VESTIBULAR NERVE; BRAINSTEM; or CEREBRAL CORTEX. Lesions in the TEMPORAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE may be associated with FOCAL SEIZURES that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1)	1.94	1	0
Infant, Newborn, Diseases Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.	1.94	1	0
Complications, Labor [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Birth Injuries Mechanical or anoxic trauma incurred by the infant during labor or delivery.	1.94	1	0
Hyperventilation A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.	1.94	1	0
Fasciolopsiasis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Cervicitis [description not available]	6.94	1	0
Uterine Cervicitis Inflammation of the UTERINE CERVIX.	1.94	1	0
Vaginitis Inflammation of the vagina characterized by pain and a purulent discharge.	1.94	1	0
Cancer of Testis [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Adenofibroma A benign neoplasm composed of glandular and fibrous tissues, with a relatively large proportion of glands. (Stedman, 25th ed)	1.94	1	0
Testicular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.	2.69	3	0
Arterial Obstructive Diseases [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Arterial Occlusive Diseases Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.	2.38	2	0
Vaginal Diseases Pathological processes of the VAGINA.	1.94	1	0
Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Error [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Angiokeratoma A vascular, horny neoplasm of the skin characterized by TELANGIECTASIS and secondary epithelial changes including acanthosis and hyperkeratosis.	1.94	1	0
Anemia, Sideroblastic Anemia characterized by the presence of erythroblasts containing excessive deposits of iron in the marrow.	1.94	1	0
Celiac Sprue [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Colitis, Granulomatous [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Celiac Disease A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.	2.35	2	0
Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.	1.94	1	0
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Delirium of Mixed Origin [description not available]	1.94	1	0
As If Personality [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Bipolar Disorder A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.	1.94	1	0
Delirium A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instances autonomic nervous system overactivity. It may result from toxic/metabolic conditions or structural brain lesions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp411-2)	1.94	1	0
Sarcoma 180 An experimental sarcoma of mice.	2.35	2	0
Indigestion [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Dyspepsia Impaired digestion, especially after eating.	2.64	3	0
Angioneurotic Edema [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Angioedema Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx.	2.37	2	0
Asthenia Clinical sign or symptom manifested as debility, or lack or loss of strength and energy.	1.94	1	0
Congenital Limb Deformities [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Congenital Micrognathia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Ventral Hernia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Hernia, Ventral A hernia caused by weakness of the anterior ABDOMINAL WALL due to midline defects, previous incisions, or increased intra-abdominal pressure. Ventral hernias include UMBILICAL HERNIA, incisional, epigastric, and spigelian hernias.	1.94	1	0
Anuria Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstruction, complete lower urinary tract obstruction, or unilateral ureteral obstruction when a solitary kidney is present.	1.94	1	0
Neuroretinitis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Retinitis Inflammation of the RETINA. It is rarely limited to the retina, but is commonly associated with diseases of the choroid (CHORIORETINITIS) and of the OPTIC DISK (neuroretinitis).	1.94	1	0
Suffocation [description not available]	4.28	7	0
Asphyxia A pathological condition caused by lack of oxygen, manifested in impending or actual cessation of life.	4.28	7	0
Addison's Anemia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Entrapment Neuropathies [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Great Pox [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Syphilis A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete TREPONEMA PALLIDUM.	1.94	1	0
Louping Ill An acute tick-borne arbovirus infection causing meningoencephalomyelitis of sheep.	1.94	1	0
Porphyria [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Porphyrias A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues.	2.35	2	0
Myoclonic Jerk [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Monkey Diseases Diseases of Old World and New World monkeys. This term includes diseases of baboons but not of chimpanzees or gorillas (= APE DISEASES).	2.35	2	0
Eye Manifestations Ocular disorders attendant upon non-ocular disease or injury.	1.94	1	0
Ventricular Fibrillation A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.	1.94	1	0
Pregnancy in Diabetes [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Cardiovascular Pregnancy Complications [description not available]	4.69	2	1
Autolysis The spontaneous disintegration of tissues or cells by the action of their own autogenous enzymes.	1.94	1	0
Acariasis [description not available]	2.91	4	0
Conjugate Nystagmus [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Fibromatosis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Cancer of Nasopharynx [description not available]	6.85	25	0
Fibroma A benign tumor of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue.	1.94	1	0
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.	6.85	25	0
Triploid [description not available]	2.61	2	0
Cancer of Nose [description not available]	8.78	111	0
Orbital Diseases Diseases of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.	3.82	11	0
Eye Injuries, Penetrating Deeply perforating or puncturing type intraocular injuries.	6.34	58	0
Foreign Bodies Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body.	11.27	266	2
Cancer, Embryonal [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or FETUS.	2.49	2	0
Cancer of Paranasal Sinus [description not available]	10.02	118	1
Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PARANASAL SINUSES.	10.02	118	1
Burns, Electric Burns produced by contact with electric current or from a sudden discharge of electricity.	4.11	2	0
Vascular Calcification Deposition of calcium into the blood vessel structures. Excessive calcification of the vessels are associated with ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES formation particularly after MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (see MONCKEBERG MEDIAL CALCIFIC SCLEROSIS) and chronic kidney diseases which in turn increase VASCULAR STIFFNESS.	2.41	1	0
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available]	2.53	2	0
Aortic Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.	2.53	2	0
Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.	2.53	2	0
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	2.53	2	0
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	2.53	2	0
Embolus [description not available]	3.77	7	0
Embolism Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.	3.77	7	0
Allergic Alveolitis, Extrinsic [description not available]	6.13	31	0
Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic A common interstitial lung disease caused by hypersensitivity reactions of PULMONARY ALVEOLI after inhalation of and sensitization to environmental antigens of microbial, animal, or chemical sources. The disease is characterized by lymphocytic alveolitis and granulomatous pneumonitis.	6.13	31	0
Bone Fractures [description not available]	5.7	9	2
Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones.	5.7	9	2
Injuries, Soft Tissue [description not available]	3.74	10	0
Nasal Catarrh [description not available]	5.68	31	0
Rhinitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES.	5.68	31	0
Diseases of Immune System [description not available]	3.2	6	0
Immune System Diseases Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.	3.2	6	0
Keratoderma, Palmoplantar, Diffuse An autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a widely distributed, well-demarcated hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles. There is more than one genotypically distinct form, each of which is clinically similar but histologically distinguishable. Diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma is distinct from palmoplantar keratoderma (KERATODERMA, PALMOPLANTAR), as the former exhibits autosomal dominant inheritance and hyperhidrosis is frequently present.	2.6	1	0
Foot Rot A disease of the horny parts and of the adjacent soft structures of the feet of cattle, swine, and sheep. It is usually caused by Corynebacterium pyogenes or Bacteroides nodosus (see DICHELOBACTER NODOSUS). It is also known as interdigital necrobacillosis. (From Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 18th ed)	2.6	1	0
Pus [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Asthma, Occupational Asthma attacks caused, triggered, or exacerbated by OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE.	3.49	7	0
Injuries, Spinal [description not available]	3.76	3	0
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	2.6	1	0
Hand Dermatosis [description not available]	4.4	21	0
Hand Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the HANDS.	4.4	21	0
Vulvar Diseases Pathological processes of the VULVA.	2.25	1	0
Radius Fractures Fractures of the RADIUS.	3.77	2	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.	2.25	1	0
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes.	4.21	3	0
Episcleritis [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Scleritis Refers to any inflammation of the sclera including episcleritis, a benign condition affecting only the episclera, which is generally short-lived and easily treated. Classic scleritis, on the other hand, affects deeper tissue and is characterized by higher rates of visual acuity loss and even mortality, particularly in necrotizing form. Its characteristic symptom is severe and general head pain. Scleritis has also been associated with systemic collagen disease. Etiology is unknown but is thought to involve a local immune response. Treatment is difficult and includes administration of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids. Inflammation of the sclera may also be secondary to inflammation of adjacent tissues, such as the conjunctiva.	2.25	1	0
Facial Injuries General or unspecified injuries to the soft tissue or bony portions of the face.	3.95	13	0
Anterior Cervical Pain [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Low Back Ache [description not available]	2.73	3	0
Low Back Pain Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.	2.73	3	0
Neck Pain Discomfort or more intense forms of pain that are localized to the cervical region. This term generally refers to pain in the posterior or lateral regions of the neck.	2.25	1	0
Musculoskeletal Pain Discomfort stemming from muscles, LIGAMENTS, tendons, and bones.	2.63	2	0
Black Piedra [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Empyema, Gall Bladder [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Foreign-Body Reaction Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies.	6.06	29	0
Cholecystitis Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.	2.25	1	0
Chest Injuries [description not available]	4.65	6	0
Injuries, Neck [description not available]	4.94	14	0
Prediabetes [description not available]	2.55	2	0
Prediabetic State The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	2.55	2	0
Chickungunya Fever [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Critical Illness A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.	2.25	1	0
Left Heart Hypoplasia Syndrome [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome A condition caused by underdevelopment of the whole left half of the heart. It is characterized by hypoplasia of the left cardiac chambers (HEART ATRIUM; HEART VENTRICLE), the AORTA, the AORTIC VALVE, and the MITRAL VALVE. Severe symptoms appear in early infancy when DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS closes.	2.31	1	0
Disease Resistance The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.	4.14	5	0
Nevi, Melanocytic [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Nevus, Pigmented A nevus containing melanin. The term is usually restricted to nevocytic nevi (round or oval collections of melanin-containing nevus cells occurring at the dermoepidermal junction of the skin or in the dermis proper) or moles, but may be applied to other pigmented nevi.	2.54	2	0
Arm Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving the UPPER ARM and the FOREARM.	4.45	2	2
B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Pleural Effusion, Malignant Presence of fluid in the PLEURAL CAVITY as a complication of malignant disease. Malignant pleural effusions often contain actual malignant cells.	2.31	1	0
Lymphoma, B-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.	2.31	1	0
Orbital Neoplasms Neoplasms of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.	2.66	3	0
Amputation, Traumatic Loss of a limb or other bodily appendage by accidental injury.	3.43	7	0
Injuries, Tendon [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Finger Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving the fingers.	3.78	11	0
Gait Disorders, Animal [description not available]	4.79	7	1
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates usually from cells on the surface of the middle and lower third of the ESOPHAGUS. Tumor cells exhibit typical squamous morphology and form large polypoid lesions. Mutations in RNF6, LZTS1, TGFBR2, DEC1, and WWOX1 genes are associated with this cancer.	3.57	2	0
Conjunctival Diseases Diseases involving the CONJUNCTIVA.	2.44	2	0
Sclera Diseases [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Orthomyxoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.	2.54	2	0
Abdominal Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving organs in the abdominal cavity.	2.9	4	0
Brain Injuries, Penetrating [description not available]	4.74	11	0
Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome An occupational disorder resulting from prolonged exposure to vibration, affecting the fingers, hands, and forearms. It occurs in workers who regularly use vibrating tools such as jackhammers, power chain saws, riveters, etc. Symptoms include episodic finger blanching, NUMBNESS, tingling, and loss of nerve sensitivity.	2.17	1	0
Preterm Birth [description not available]	4.21	3	1
Premature Birth CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).	4.21	3	1
Acoustic Trauma Usually refer to hearing loss due to a single noise event such as an explosion or shotgun blast.	3.36	7	0
Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced Hearing loss due to exposure to explosive loud noise or chronic exposure to sound level greater than 85 dB. The hearing loss is often in the frequency range 4000-6000 hertz.	3.36	7	0
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	2.17	1	0
C gattii Infection [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Cryptococcosis Fungal infection caused by genus CRYPTOCOCCUS.	2.17	1	0
Intestinal Perforation Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.	4.72	11	0
Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Cauda Equina Syndrome Compressive lesion affecting the nerve roots of the CAUDA EQUINA (e.g., compression, herniation, inflammation, rupture, or stenosis), which controls the function of the bladder and bowel. Symptoms may include neurological dysfunction of bladder or bowels, loss of sexual sensation and altered sensation or paralysis in the lower extremities.	2.17	1	0
Eye Pain A dull or sharp painful sensation associated with the outer or inner structures of the eyeball, having different causes.	2.51	2	0
Tetraploid [description not available]	2.55	2	0
Polyploid [description not available]	2.59	2	0
Foot Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving the foot.	4.34	4	1
Arterial Diseases, Carotid [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Carotid Artery Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.	2.17	1	0
Intracranial Aneurysm Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (	2.17	1	0
Erythema Multiforme A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic bull's-eye lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms.	3.62	9	0
Acrodynia A condition seen primarily in childhood, most often resulting from chronic exposure to MERCURY COMPOUNDS which may result in encephalopathy and POLYNEUROPATHY. Clinical features include pain, swelling and pinkish discoloration of the fingers and toes, weakness in the extremities, extreme irritability, HYPERESTHESIA, and alterations in level of consciousness. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p603)	2.17	1	0
Caliciviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by CALICIVIRIDAE. They include HEPATITIS E; VESICULAR EXANTHEMA OF SWINE; acute respiratory infections in felines, rabbit hemorrhagic disease, and some cases of gastroenteritis in humans.	2.17	1	0
Diplopia A visual symptom in which a single object is perceived by the visual cortex as two objects rather than one. Disorders associated with this condition include REFRACTIVE ERRORS; STRABISMUS; OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES; TROCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; ABDUCENS NERVE DISEASES; and diseases of the BRAIN STEM and OCCIPITAL LOBE.	2.93	4	0
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Cervical Dystonia A common form of DYSTONIA due to involuntary sustained or spasmodic, repetitive muscle contractions in the neck region. According to the position of the twisted neck and head, cervical dystonia can be categorized as torticollis, laterocollis, retrocollis, and a combination of these abnormal postures.	2.21	1	0
Myositis Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue.	2.71	3	0
Torticollis A symptom, not a disease, of a twisted neck. In most instances, the head is tipped toward one side and the chin rotated toward the other. The involuntary muscle contractions in the neck region of patients with torticollis can be due to congenital defects, trauma, inflammation, tumors, and neurological or other factors.	2.21	1	0
Nail Diseases Diseases of the nail plate and tissues surrounding it. The concept is limited to primates.	2.21	1	0
Orthopedic Disorders [description not available]	3.79	11	0
Musculoskeletal Diseases Diseases of the muscles and their associated ligaments and other connective tissue and of the bones and cartilage viewed collectively.	3.79	11	0
Bacillaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family BACILLACEAE.	2.21	1	0
Bacterial Eye Infections [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Eyelid Diseases Diseases involving the EYELIDS.	2.4	2	0
Poisoning, Fluoride [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Fluoride Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of FLUORIDE compounds.	2.37	2	0
Breathing Sounds [description not available]	3.72	10	0
Respiratory Sounds Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.	3.72	10	0
Erythrohepatic Protoporphyria [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Protoporphyria, Erythropoietic An autosomal dominant porphyria that is due to a deficiency of FERROCHELATASE (heme synthetase) in both the LIVER and the BONE MARROW, the last enzyme in the 8-enzyme biosynthetic pathway of HEME. Clinical features include mainly neurological symptoms, rarely cutaneous lesions, and elevated levels of protoporphyrin and COPROPORPHYRINS in the feces.	2.08	1	0
Concomitant Strabismus [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Strabismus Misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. In comitant strabismus the degree of ocular misalignment does not vary with the direction of gaze. In noncomitant strabismus the degree of misalignment varies depending on direction of gaze or which eye is fixating on the target. (Miller, Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p641)	2.75	3	0
Blow Out Fracture [description not available]	4.73	11	0
Aggression Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.	3.09	5	0
Genetic Skin Diseases [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Diverticulum, Meckel [description not available]	3.08	5	0
Hives [description not available]	3.68	10	0
Papulosquamous Disorders [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Urticaria A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.	3.68	10	0
Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic A syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive impairment of 6 months duration or longer. Symptoms are not caused by ongoing exertion; are not relieved by rest; and result in a substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Minor alterations of immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function may be associated with this syndrome. There is also considerable overlap between this condition and FIBROMYALGIA. (From Semin Neurol 1998;18(2):237-42; Ann Intern Med 1994 Dec 15;121(12): 953-9)	2.1	1	0
Hemorrhagic Shock [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Hemorrhage, Uterine [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Uterine Hemorrhage Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding.	2.1	1	0
Lacerations Torn, ragged, mangled wounds.	3.14	5	0
Esophageal Reflux [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Gastroesophageal Reflux Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.	2.1	1	0
Back Ache [description not available]	5.62	3	2
Back Pain Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions.	5.62	3	2
Chromosomal Instability An increased tendency to acquire CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS when various processes involved in chromosome replication, repair, or segregation are dysfunctional.	2.1	1	0
Allotriophagy An unusual desire or craving for abnormal foods.	2.68	3	0
Pulmonary Consumption [description not available]	3.83	4	0
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.	3.83	4	0
Koehler Disease [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Linear Skull Fracture [description not available]	3.49	8	0
Closed Head Injuries [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Pulmonary Sarcoidosis [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Granuloma, Respiratory Tract Granulomatous disorders affecting one or more sites in the respiratory tract.	2.1	1	0
Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary Sarcoidosis affecting predominantly the lungs, the site most frequently involved and most commonly causing morbidity and mortality in sarcoidosis. Pulmonary sarcoidosis is characterized by sharply circumscribed granulomas in the alveolar, bronchial, and vascular walls, composed of tightly packed cells derived from the mononuclear phagocyte system. The clinical symptoms when present are dyspnea upon exertion, nonproductive cough, and wheezing. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p431)	2.1	1	0
Foreign-Body Migration Migration of a foreign body from its original location to some other location in the body.	3.79	11	0
Acute Membranous Gingivitis [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Acute Hepatic Failure [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Liver Failure, Acute A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.	2.11	1	0
Coronary Restenosis Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction.	2.11	1	0
Human Trichinellosis [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Trichinellosis An infection with TRICHINELLA. It is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat that is infected with larvae of nematode worms TRICHINELLA genus. All members of the TRICHINELLA genus can infect human in addition to TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS, the traditional etiological agent. It is distributed throughout much of the world and is re-emerging in some parts as a public health hazard and a food safety problem.	2.11	1	0
Complications, Hematologic Pregnancy [description not available]	3.03	1	0
Environmental Hypersensitivities [description not available]	4.83	7	1
Gestational Hypertension [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced A condition in pregnant women with elevated systolic (	2.11	1	0
Asbestosis A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers which elicit potent inflammatory responses in the parenchyma of the lung. The disease is characterized by interstitial fibrosis of the lung, varying from scattered sites to extensive scarring of the alveolar interstitium.	3.22	6	0
Chromosomal Duplication [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Parasite Infections [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Exanthem [description not available]	3.09	5	0
Exanthema Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.	3.09	5	0
Cronobacter Infections [description not available]	4.48	5	0
Enterobacteriaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.	4.48	5	0
Fungus Poisoning [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Metaplasia A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.	3.24	6	0
Academic Disorder, Developmental [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Learning Disabilities Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.	2.13	1	0
Cancer of Maxillary Sinus [description not available]	3.09	5	0
Chromoblastomycosis Scaly papule or warty growth, caused by five fungi, that spreads as a result of satellite lesions affecting the foot or leg. The extremity may become swollen and, at its distal portion, covered with various nodular, tumorous, verrucous lesions that resemble cauliflower. In rare instances, the disease may begin on the hand or wrist and involve the entire upper extremity. (Arnold, Odom, and James, Andrew's Diseases of the Skin, 8th ed, p362)	2.69	3	0
Amnesia, Pre-Ictal [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Fractures, Comminuted A fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed into a number of pieces.	2.04	1	0
Prosthesis Durability [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Microsatellite Instability The occurrence of highly polymorphic mono- and dinucleotide MICROSATELLITE REPEATS in somatic cells. It is a form of genome instability associated with defects in DNA MISMATCH REPAIR.	2.05	1	0
Foot Diseases Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.	6.1	11	1
Hemoptysis Expectoration or spitting of blood originating from any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT, usually from hemorrhage in the lung parenchyma (PULMONARY ALVEOLI) and the BRONCHIAL ARTERIES.	2.72	3	0
Back Injuries General or unspecified injuries to the posterior part of the trunk. It includes injuries to the muscles of the back.	2.45	2	0
Infections, Listeria [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Brain Abscess A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6)	5.49	11	0
Athletic Injuries Injuries incurred during participation in competitive or non-competitive sports.	3.86	4	0
Injuries, Multiple [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Opportunistic Infections An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.	2.02	1	0
Bronchiolitis Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES.	2.4	2	0
Anthracosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by accumulation of inhaled CARBON or coal dust. The disease can progress from asymptomatic anthracosis to massive lung fibrosis. This lung lesion usually occurs in coal MINERS, but can be seen in urban dwellers and tobacco smokers.	2.47	2	0
Autokinetic Effect [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Wounds, Stab Penetrating wounds caused by a pointed object.	3.1	5	0
Sporothrix brasiliensis Infection [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Injuries, Leg [description not available]	4.29	4	1
Agricultural Worker Disease [description not available]	3.84	12	0
Sporotrichosis The commonest and least serious of the deep mycoses, characterized by nodular lesions of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues. It is caused by inhalation of contaminated dust or by infection of a wound with SPOROTHRIX.	2.68	3	0
Cholecystoduodenal Fistula [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Duodenal Diseases Pathological conditions in the DUODENUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL).	2.45	2	0
Vascular Fistula An abnormal passage between two or more BLOOD VESSELS, between ARTERIES; VEINS; or between an artery and a vein.	2.05	1	0
Blunt Injuries [description not available]	2.05	1	0
B. burgdorferi Infection [description not available]	2.74	3	0
Lyme Disease An infectious disease caused by a spirochete, BORRELIA BURGDORFERI, which is transmitted chiefly by Ixodes dammini (see IXODES) and pacificus ticks in the United States and Ixodes ricinis (see IXODES) in Europe. It is a disease with early and late cutaneous manifestations plus involvement of the nervous system, heart, eye, and joints in variable combinations. The disease was formerly known as Lyme arthritis and first discovered at Old Lyme, Connecticut.	2.74	3	0
Foot and Mouth Disease [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Right Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Adenocystic Carcinoma [description not available]	4.27	7	0
Maxillary Neoplasms Cancer or tumors of the MAXILLA or upper jaw.	2.05	1	0
Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma characterized by bands or cylinders of hyalinized or mucinous stroma separating or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells. When the cylinders occur within masses of epithelial cells, they give the tissue a perforated, sievelike, or cribriform appearance. Such tumors occur in the mammary glands, the mucous glands of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and the salivary glands. They are malignant but slow-growing, and tend to spread locally via the nerves. (Dorland, 27th ed)	4.27	7	0
Arthritides, Bacterial [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Dermatophytoses [description not available]	3.03	5	0
Tinea Fungal infection of keratinized tissues such as hair, skin and nails. The main causative fungi include MICROSPORUM; TRICHOPHYTON; and EPIDERMOPHYTON.	3.03	5	0
Bertielliasis [description not available]	2.33	2	0
Ear Diseases Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body.	2.05	1	0
Nasal Diseases [description not available]	5.53	6	1
Exophthalmos Abnormal protrusion of both eyes; may be caused by endocrine gland malfunction, malignancy, injury, or paralysis of the extrinsic muscles of the eye.	3.26	6	0
Cellulitis, Orbital [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Cumulative Trauma Disorders Harmful and painful condition caused by overuse or overexertion of some part of the musculoskeletal system, often resulting from work-related physical activities. It is characterized by inflammation, pain, or dysfunction of the involved joints, bones, ligaments, and nerves.	2.44	2	0
Panic Attacks [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Cranial Nerve Injuries Dysfunction of one or more cranial nerves causally related to a traumatic injury. Penetrating and nonpenetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; NECK INJURIES; and trauma to the facial region are conditions associated with cranial nerve injuries.	2.06	1	0
Panic Disorder A type of anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks that last minutes or, rarely, hours. Panic attacks begin with intense apprehension, fear or terror and, often, a feeling of impending doom. Symptoms experienced during a panic attack include dyspnea or sensations of being smothered; dizziness, loss of balance or faintness; choking sensations; palpitations or accelerated heart rate; shakiness; sweating; nausea or other form of abdominal distress; depersonalization or derealization; paresthesias; hot flashes or chills; chest discomfort or pain; fear of dying and fear of not being in control of oneself or going crazy. Agoraphobia may also develop. Similar to other anxiety disorders, it may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.	2.06	1	0
Aspiration, Respiratory [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Rhinitis, Allergic, Nonseasonal [description not available]	3.77	11	0
Acquired Nasal Deformities [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose similar to that found in hay fever except that symptoms persist throughout the year. The causes are usually air-borne allergens, particularly dusts, feathers, molds, animal fur, etc.	3.77	11	0
Carcinoma, Colloid [description not available]	3.82	4	0
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	3.82	4	0
Fractures, Compound [description not available]	2.9	4	0
Compound Depressed Skull Fracture [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Mesothelioma A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)	3.08	5	0
Infections, Respiratory Syncytial Virus [description not available]	3.45	1	1
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Pneumovirus infections caused by the RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have been reported.	3.45	1	1
Coxa Plana [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Avian Diseases [description not available]	2.65	3	0
African Swine Fever A sometimes fatal ASFIVIRUS infection of pigs, characterized by fever, cough, diarrhea, hemorrhagic lymph nodes, and edema of the gallbladder. It is transmitted between domestic swine by direct contact, ingestion of infected meat, or fomites, or mechanically by biting flies or soft ticks (genus Ornithodoros).	2.07	1	0
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Cytomegalovirus Infections Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.	2.07	1	0
Cytomegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.	2.07	1	0
Cancer of Pharynx [description not available]	3.24	6	0
Pharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PHARYNX.	3.24	6	0
Carotid Arteriopathies, Traumatic [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Disseminated Fusariosis [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Fusariosis OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS with the soil fungus FUSARIUM. Typically the infection is limited to the nail plate (ONYCHOMYCOSIS). The infection can however become systemic especially in an IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST (e.g., NEUTROPENIA) and results in cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions, fever, KERATITIS, and pulmonary infections.	2.07	1	0
Bilateral Nasal Obstruction [description not available]	3.61	9	0
Nasal Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the nose. The obstruction may be unilateral or bilateral, and may involve any part of the NASAL CAVITY.	3.61	9	0
Carcinoma, Small Cell Lung [description not available]	4.93	4	0
Carcinoma, Large Cell A tumor of undifferentiated (anaplastic) cells of large size. It is usually bronchogenic. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	4.93	4	0
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA).	4.93	4	0
Cutaneous Fistula An abnormal passage or communication leading from an internal organ to the surface of the body.	3.25	6	0
Nodular Goiter [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Goiter, Nodular An enlarged THYROID GLAND containing multiple nodules (THYROID NODULE), usually resulting from recurrent thyroid HYPERPLASIA and involution over many years to produce the irregular enlargement. Multinodular goiters may be nontoxic or may induce THYROTOXICOSIS.	2.07	1	0
Avian Flu [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Influenza in Birds Infection of domestic and wild fowl and other BIRDS with INFLUENZA A VIRUS. Avian influenza usually does not sicken birds, but can be highly pathogenic and fatal in domestic POULTRY.	2.07	1	0
Abscess, Hepatic [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Liver Abscess Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the liver as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.	2.38	2	0
Lymphatic Diseases Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.	2.39	2	0
Brock's Syndrome [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Bronchiectasis Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi.	2.08	1	0
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Lung Diseases, Interstitial A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.	2.42	2	0
Lens Dislocation [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Infections, Pneumococcal [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Pneumococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	2.08	1	0
Corns [description not available]	2.93	1	0
Lip Diseases Diseases involving the LIP.	2.93	1	0
Callosities Localized hyperplasia of the horny layer of the epidermis due to pressure or friction. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.93	1	0
Aesthesioneuroblastoma [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory A malignant olfactory neuroblastoma arising from the olfactory epithelium of the superior nasal cavity and cribriform plate. It is uncommon (3% of nasal tumors) and rarely is associated with the production of excess hormones (e.g., SIADH, Cushing Syndrome). It has a high propensity for multiple local recurrences and bony metastases. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3rd ed, p1245; J Laryngol Otol 1998 Jul;112(7):628-33)	2.01	1	0
Microglossia [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Mucorales Infection [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Mucormycosis Infection in humans and animals caused by any fungus in the order MUCORALES (e.g., RHIZOPUS; MUCOR; CUNNINGHAMELLA; APOPHYSOMYCES; ABSIDIA; SAKSENAEA and RHIZOMUCOR) There are many clinical types associated with infection including central nervous system, lung, gastrointestinal tract, skin, orbit and paranasal sinuses. In humans, it usually occurs as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION.	2.69	3	0
Alveolar Proteinoses, Pulmonary [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis A PULMONARY ALVEOLI-filling disease, characterized by dense phospholipoproteinaceous deposits in the alveoli, cough, and DYSPNEA. This disease is often related to, congenital or acquired, impaired processing of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS by alveolar macrophages, a process dependent on GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR.	2.01	1	0
Brown Lung [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Corneal Diseases Diseases of the cornea.	1.93	1	0
Abscess, Pulmonary [description not available]	3.03	5	0
Lung Abscess Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the lung parenchyma as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.	3.03	5	0
Flea Infestations Parasitic attack by members of the order SIPHONAPTERA.	1.93	1	0
Pseudarthrosis A pathologic entity characterized by deossification of a weight-bearing long bone, followed by bending and pathologic fracture, with inability to form normal BONY CALLUS leading to existence of the false joint that gives the condition its name. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.93	1	0
Black Death [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Plague An acute infectious disease caused by YERSINIA PESTIS that affects humans, wild rodents, and their ectoparasites. This condition persists due to its firm entrenchment in sylvatic rodent-flea ecosystems throughout the world. Bubonic plague is the most common form.	2.34	2	0
Tuberculosis, Miliary An acute form of TUBERCULOSIS in which minute tubercles are formed in a number of organs of the body due to dissemination of the bacilli through the blood stream.	2.34	2	0
Kerion Celsi An inflammatory manifestation of tinea capitis with a pronounced swelling that develops into suppurative central and indurated peripheral area called kerion.	1.93	1	0
Tinea Capitis Ringworm of the scalp and associated hair mainly caused by species of MICROSPORUM; TRICHOPHYTON; and EPIDERMOPHYTON, which may occasionally involve the eyebrows and eyelashes.	1.93	1	0
Bagassosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhaled dust from processing SUGARCANE (bagasse), usually in the manufacturing of wallboard.	4.6	27	0
Pneumoconiosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhalation of dust and by tissue reaction to their presence. These inorganic, organic, particulate, or vaporized matters usually are inhaled by workers in their occupational environment, leading to the various forms (ASBESTOSIS; BYSSINOSIS; and others). Similar air pollution can also have deleterious effects on the general population.	4.6	27	0
Histomoniasis [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Ornithosis [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Psittacosis Infection with CHLAMYDOPHILA PSITTACI (formerly Chlamydia psittaci), transmitted to humans by inhalation of dust-borne contaminated nasal secretions or excreta of infected BIRDS. This infection results in a febrile illness characterized by PNEUMONITIS and systemic manifestations.	2.35	2	0
Neoplasms, Skull [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	4.39	8	0
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.	4.39	8	0
Cancer of Digestive System [description not available]	2.89	4	0
Male Genital Neoplasms [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Respiratory Tract Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.	5.62	13	0
Digestive System Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.	2.89	4	0
Genital Neoplasms, Male Tumor or cancer of the MALE GENITALIA.	2.01	1	0
Cacosmia [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Parodontosis [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Pocket, Periodontal [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Alveolar Bone Atrophy [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Periodontal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.	2.38	2	0
Periodontal Pocket An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment and bone resorption.	2.01	1	0
Wounds, Gunshot Disruption of structural continuity of the body as a result of the discharge of firearms.	2.01	1	0
Dermatitis, Contact, Photoallergic [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Acroosteolysis, Giaccai Type [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Autotomy Human [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies A group of inherited disorders characterized by degeneration of dorsal root and autonomic ganglion cells, and clinically by loss of sensation and autonomic dysfunction. There are five subtypes. Type I features autosomal dominant inheritance and distal sensory involvement. Type II is characterized by autosomal inheritance and distal and proximal sensory loss. Type III is DYSAUTONOMIA, FAMILIAL. Type IV features insensitivity to pain, heat intolerance, and mental deficiency. Type V is characterized by a selective loss of pain with intact light touch and vibratory sensation. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, pp142-4)	2.02	1	0
Allergy, Latex [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Pneumothorax, Primary Spontaneous [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Pneumothorax An accumulation of air or gas in the PLEURAL CAVITY, which may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or a pathological process. The gas may also be introduced deliberately during PNEUMOTHORAX, ARTIFICIAL.	2.34	2	0
Erythrasma A chronic bacterial infection of major folds of the skin, caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum.	1.93	1	0
Cerebral Nocardiosis [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Francisella tularensis Infection [description not available]	2.33	2	0
Tularemia A plague-like disease of rodents, transmissible to man. It is caused by FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS and is characterized by fever, chills, headache, backache, and weakness.	2.33	2	0
Middle Ear Inflammation [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Otitis Media Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.	2.68	3	0
Mucositis, Oral [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Stomatitis INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.	2.02	1	0
Inflammatory Pseudotumor [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Granuloma, Plasma Cell A slow-growing benign pseudotumor in which plasma cells greatly outnumber the inflammatory cells.	2.02	1	0
Amyotrophy, Thenar, Of Carpal Origin [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Entrapment of the MEDIAN NERVE in the carpal tunnel, which is formed by the flexor retinaculum and the CARPAL BONES. This syndrome may be associated with repetitive occupational trauma (CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS); wrist injuries; AMYLOID NEUROPATHIES; rheumatoid arthritis (see ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID); ACROMEGALY; PREGNANCY; and other conditions. Symptoms include burning pain and paresthesias involving the ventral surface of the hand and fingers which may radiate proximally. Impairment of sensation in the distribution of the median nerve and thenar muscle atrophy may occur. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p45)	2.41	2	0
Emphysema, Mediastinal [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Alveolar [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar A carcinoma derived from epithelium of terminal bronchioles, in which the neoplastic tissue extends along the alveolar walls and grows in small masses within the alveoli. Involvement may be uniformly diffuse and massive, or nodular, or lobular. The neoplastic cells are cuboidal or columnar and form papillary structures. Mucin may be demonstrated in some of the cells and in the material in the alveoli, which also includes denuded cells. Metastases in regional lymph nodes, and in even more distant sites, are known to occur, but are infrequent. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.02	1	0
Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell A poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in which the nucleus is pressed to one side by a cytoplasmic droplet of mucus. It usually arises in the gastrointestinal system.	2.02	1	0
Ankylosis Fixation and immobility of a joint.	2.02	1	0
Temporomandibular Disorders [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders A variety of conditions affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Factors contributing to the complexity of temporomandibular diseases are its relation to dentition and mastication and the symptomatic effects in other areas which account for referred pain to the joint and the difficulties in applying traditional diagnostic procedures to temporomandibular joint pathology where tissue is rarely obtained and x-rays are often inadequate or nonspecific. Common diseases are developmental abnormalities, trauma, subluxation, luxation, arthritis, and neoplasia. (From Thoma's Oral Pathology, 6th ed, pp577-600)	2.02	1	0
Polyradiculitis [description not available]	2.94	1	0
Polyradiculopathy Disease or injury involving multiple SPINAL NERVE ROOTS. Polyradiculitis refers to inflammation of multiple spinal nerve roots.	2.94	1	0
Urinary Incontinence Involuntary loss of URINE, such as leaking of urine. It is a symptom of various underlying pathological processes. Major types of incontinence include URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE and URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE.	2.94	1	0
Hyperoxaluria Excretion of an excessive amount of OXALATES in the urine.	2.03	1	0
Neurologic Voice Disorder [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Voice Disorders Pathological processes that affect voice production, usually involving VOCAL CORDS and the LARYNGEAL MUCOSA. Voice disorders can be caused by organic (anatomical), or functional (emotional or psychological) factors leading to DYSPHONIA; APHONIA; and defects in VOICE QUALITY, loudness, and pitch.	2.03	1	0
Digestive System Fistula An abnormal passage communicating between any components of the digestive system, or between any part of the digestive system and surrounding organ(s).	2.03	1	0
Conjunctival Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the CONJUNCTIVA.	2.03	1	0
Cancer of Oropharnyx [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OROPHARYNX.	2.03	1	0
Dental Leakage The seepage of fluids, debris, and micro-organisms between the walls of a prepared dental cavity and the restoration.	3.41	1	1
Allergy, Food [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Food Hypersensitivity Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.	2.37	2	0
Acute-Phase Reaction An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma.	2.03	1	0
Keratitis, Ulcerative [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Corneal Ulcer Loss of epithelial tissue from the surface of the cornea due to progressive erosion and necrosis of the tissue; usually caused by bacterial, fungal, or viral infection.	2.03	1	0
Infectious Endophthalmitis Infectious condition of the internal eye.	2.68	3	0
Endophthalmitis Suppurative inflammation of the tissues of the internal structures of the eye frequently associated with an infection.	2.68	3	0
External Ear Inflammation [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Otitis Externa Inflammation of the OUTER EAR including the external EAR CANAL, cartilages of the auricle (EAR CARTILAGE), and the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE.	2.38	2	0
Adenitis, Salivary Gland [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Hyperplasia, Reactive Lymphoid [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Legionellosis Infections with bacteria of the genus LEGIONELLA.	2.04	1	0
Diseases of Pharynx [description not available]	3.09	5	0
Abscess, Retropharyngeal [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Arson [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Dental Tissue Neoplasms [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Palatal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PALATE, including those of the hard palate, soft palate and UVULA.	2.03	1	0
Hypopharyngeal Cancer [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the HYPOPHARYNX.	2.04	1	0
Cor Pulmonale [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Congenital Familial Lymphedema [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Blastomyces brasiliensis Infection [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Foot Ulcer Lesion on the surface of the skin of the foot, usually accompanied by inflammation. The lesion may become infected or necrotic and is frequently associated with diabetes or leprosy.	2.04	1	0
Foot Dermatoses Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified.	2.38	2	0
Lymphedema Edema due to obstruction of lymph vessels or disorders of the lymph nodes.	2.04	1	0
Abscess, Psoas [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Fatigue, Mental [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Active Hyperemia [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Hyperemia The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).	1.96	1	0
Bone Cysts Benign unilocular lytic areas in the proximal end of a long bone with well defined and narrow endosteal margins. The cysts contain fluid and the cyst walls may contain some giant cells. Bone cysts usually occur in males between the ages 3-15 years.	2.66	3	0
Blastomycosis, North American [description not available]	3.3	2	0
Blastomycosis A fungal infection that may appear in two forms: 1, a primary lesion characterized by the formation of a small cutaneous nodule and small nodules along the lymphatics that may heal within several months; and 2, chronic granulomatous lesions characterized by thick crusts, warty growths, and unusual vascularity and infection in the middle or upper lobes of the lung.	3.3	2	0
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergilloses [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary Hypersensitivity reaction (ALLERGIC REACTION) to fungus ASPERGILLUS in an individual with long-standing BRONCHIAL ASTHMA. It is characterized by pulmonary infiltrates, EOSINOPHILIA, elevated serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN E, and skin reactivity to Aspergillus antigen.	2.36	2	0
Fistula Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.	3.35	7	0
Allergic Cutaneous Angiitis [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Hypersensitivity, Type III [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Histoplasma capsulatum Infection [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Histoplasmosis Infection resulting from exposure to the fungus HISTOPLASMA. It is worldwide in distribution and particularly common in the central and eastern states, especially areas around the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys.	2.87	4	0
Cyst [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Dermatomycoses Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.	3.21	6	0
Pallor A clinical manifestation consisting of an unnatural paleness of the skin.	1.96	1	0
Besnier-Boeck Disease [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Sarcoidosis An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.	2.37	2	0
Petechiae Pinhead size (3 mm) skin discolorization due to hemorrhage.	1.96	1	0
Purpura Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. When the size of the discolorization is	1.96	1	0
Rupture Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.	2.36	2	0
Silo Filler Disease [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Adhesive Capsulitis [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Bursitis Inflammation or irritation of a SYNOVIAL BURSA, the fibrous sac that acts as a cushion between moving structures of bones, muscles, tendons or skin.	1.96	1	0
Burns, Inhalation Burns of the respiratory tract caused by heat or inhaled chemicals.	2.36	2	0
Tenosynovitis Inflammation of the synovial lining of a tendon sheath. Causes include trauma, tendon stress, bacterial disease (gonorrhea, tuberculosis), rheumatic disease, and gout. Common sites are the hand, wrist, shoulder capsule, hip capsule, hamstring muscles, and Achilles tendon. The tendon sheaths become inflamed and painful, and accumulate fluid. Joint mobility is usually reduced.	1.96	1	0
Deafness, Transitory [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Bilateral Deafness [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Hearing Loss A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.	1.96	1	0
Bernard Syndrome [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Cerebral Palsy, Athetoid [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Cerebral Palsy A heterogeneous group of nonprogressive motor disorders caused by chronic brain injuries that originate in the prenatal period, perinatal period, or first few years of life. The four major subtypes are spastic, athetoid, ataxic, and mixed cerebral palsy, with spastic forms being the most common. The motor disorder may range from difficulties with fine motor control to severe spasticity (see MUSCLE SPASTICITY) in all limbs. Spastic diplegia (Little disease) is the most common subtype, and is characterized by spasticity that is more prominent in the legs than in the arms. Pathologically, this condition may be associated with LEUKOMALACIA, PERIVENTRICULAR. (From Dev Med Child Neurol 1998 Aug;40(8):520-7)	1.96	1	0
Genital Diseases, Male Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).	1.95	1	0
Inguinal Hernia [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Hernia, Inguinal An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults.	1.95	1	0
Melena The black, tarry, foul-smelling FECES that contain degraded blood.	1.95	1	0
Segond Fracture [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Tibial Fractures Fractures of the TIBIA.	1.98	1	0
Mandibular Diseases Diseases involving the MANDIBLE.	2.37	2	0
Bronchial Diseases Diseases involving the BRONCHI.	2.88	4	0
Pleural Diseases Diseases involving the PLEURA.	2.39	2	0
Chromosome Deletion Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.	1.98	1	0
Neoplasms, Pleural [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	1.98	1	0
Lymphocytopenia [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Lymphopenia Reduction in the number of lymphocytes.	1.98	1	0
Cranial Nerve V Injury [description not available]	2.9	1	0
External Ophthalmoplegia [description not available]	3.28	2	0
Antibiotic-Associated Colitis [description not available]	2.9	1	0
Bacterial Vaginitides [description not available]	2.9	1	0
Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization.	2.9	1	0
Vaginosis, Bacterial Polymicrobial, nonspecific vaginitis associated with positive cultures of Gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobic organisms and a decrease in lactobacilli. It remains unclear whether the initial pathogenic event is caused by the growth of anaerobes or a primary decrease in lactobacilli.	2.9	1	0
Hangman Fracture [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Spinal Fractures Broken bones in the vertebral column.	1.98	1	0
(pPNET) Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral A group of highly cellular primitive round cell neoplasms which occur extracranially in soft tissue and bone and are derived from embryonal neural crest cells. These tumors occur primarily in children and adolescents and share a number of characteristics with EWING SARCOMA.	1.98	1	0
Injuries, Maxillofacial [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Angiogranuloma [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Arterivirus Infections Infections caused by viruses of the genus ARTERIVIRUS.	1.99	1	0
Anankastic Personality [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Abrasion, Dental [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension.	1.98	1	0
Blast Injuries Injuries resulting when a person is struck by particles impelled with violent force from an explosion. Blast causes pulmonary concussion and hemorrhage, laceration of other thoracic and abdominal viscera, ruptured ear drums, and minor effects in the central nervous system. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2.4	2	0
Dacryoadenitis [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Arteriovenous Malformations, Cerebral [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations Congenital vascular anomalies in the brain characterized by direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIES. The locations and size of the shunts determine the symptoms including HEADACHES; SEIZURES; STROKE; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; mass effect; and vascular steal effect.	1.99	1	0
Parotid Diseases Diseases involving the PAROTID GLAND.	1.99	1	0
Salivary Gland Fistula A fistula between a salivary duct or gland and the cutaneous surface of the oral cavity.	1.99	1	0
Intestinal Obstruction Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.	2.88	4	0
Breast Cancer, Male [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Breast Neoplasms, Male Any neoplasms of the male breast. These occur infrequently in males in developed countries, the incidence being about 1% of that in females.	1.99	1	0
Lock Jaw [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Bronchiolitis, Exudative [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Bronchiolitis Obliterans Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES leading to an obstructive lung disease. Bronchioles are characterized by fibrous granulation tissue with bronchial exudates in the lumens. Clinical features include a nonproductive cough and DYSPNEA.	2.4	2	0
Chemical Sensitivities, Multiple [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Apnea, Sleep [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Sleep Apnea Syndromes Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL), obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types.	1.99	1	0
Silicosis A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing crystalline form of SILICON DIOXIDE, usually in the form of quartz. Amorphous silica is relatively nontoxic.	2.68	3	0
Hematologic Malignancies [description not available]	2.91	1	0
Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.	2.91	1	0
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	4.05	3	1
Complication, Intraoperative [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Chromosomal Breakage [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Neoplasms, Otorhinolaryngologic [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Hypomelanosis [description not available]	2	1	0
Hypopigmentation A condition caused by a deficiency or a loss of melanin pigmentation in the epidermis, also known as hypomelanosis. Hypopigmentation can be localized or generalized, and may result from genetic defects, trauma, inflammation, or infections.	2	1	0
Sigmoid Colon Diseases [description not available]	2.91	1	0
Epiphora [description not available]	2	1	0
Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases Diseases of the LACRIMAL APPARATUS.	2	1	0
Allergic Conjunctivitis [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Conjunctivitis, Allergic Conjunctivitis due to hypersensitivity to various allergens.	2.68	3	0
Bullous Dermatoses [description not available]	2	1	0
Cancer of Rectum [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.	2.39	2	0
Epiretinal Membrane A membrane on the vitreal surface of the retina resulting from the proliferation of one or more of three retinal elements: (1) fibrous astrocytes; (2) fibrocytes; and (3) RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM. Localized epiretinal membranes may occur at the posterior pole of the eye without clinical signs or may cause marked loss of vision as a result of covering, distorting, or detaching the FOVEA CENTRALIS. Epiretinal membranes may cause vascular leakage and secondary retinal edema. In younger individuals some membranes appear to be developmental in origin and occur in otherwise normal eyes. The majority occur in association with RETINAL HOLES, ocular concussions, retinal inflammation, or after ocular surgery. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p291)	2	1	0
Mydriasis Dilation of pupils to greater than 6 mm combined with failure of the pupils to constrict when stimulated with light. This condition may occur due to injury of the pupillary fibers in the oculomotor nerve, in acute angle-closure glaucoma, and in ADIE SYNDROME.	2	1	0
Chondrodystrophic Myotonia [description not available]	3.39	1	1
Neoplasms, Squamous Cell Neoplasms of the SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in tissue composed of squamous elements.	2	1	0
Cancer, Second Primary [description not available]	2	1	0
Infectious Skin Diseases [description not available]	2	1	0
Skin Diseases, Infectious Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses.	2	1	0
Rib Fractures Fractures of any of the RIBS.	2	1	0
Fasciitis, Necrotizing A fulminating bacterial infection of the deep layers of the skin and FASCIA. It can be caused by many different organisms, with STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES being the most common.	2	1	0
Paranasal Sinus Diseases Diseases affecting or involving the PARANASAL SINUSES and generally manifesting as inflammation, abscesses, cysts, or tumors.	3.59	3	0
ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) Diseases [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Actinomycetoma [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Hemorrhage, Vitreous [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Choroid Hemorrhage Hemorrhage from the vessels of the choroid.	2.01	1	0
Eye Infections, Fungal Infection by a variety of fungi, usually through four possible mechanisms: superficial infection producing conjunctivitis, keratitis, or lacrimal obstruction; extension of infection from neighboring structures - skin, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx; direct introduction during surgery or accidental penetrating trauma; or via the blood or lymphatic routes in patients with underlying mycoses.	2.01	1	0
Mycetoma A chronic progressive subcutaneous infection caused by species of fungi (eumycetoma), or actinomycetes (actinomycetoma). It is characterized by tumefaction, abscesses, and tumor-like granules representing microcolonies of pathogens, such as MADURELLA fungi and bacteria ACTINOMYCETES, with different grain colors.	2.01	1	0
Vitreous Hemorrhage Hemorrhage into the VITREOUS BODY.	2.01	1	0
Hallux Abductovalgus [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Hallux Valgus Lateral displacement of the great toe (HALLUX), producing deformity of the first METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT with callous, bursa, or BUNION formation over the bony prominence.	2.01	1	0
Brown Tendon Sheath Syndrome [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Nasal Polyps Focal accumulations of EDEMA fluid in the NASAL MUCOSA accompanied by HYPERPLASIA of the associated submucosal connective tissue. Polyps may be NEOPLASMS, foci of INFLAMMATION, degenerative lesions, or malformations.	3.31	2	0
Osteophytosis, Spinal [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous A disease characterized by the chronic, progressive spread of lesions from New World cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by species of the L. braziliensis complex to the nasal, pharyngeal, and buccal mucosa some time after the appearance of the initial cutaneous lesion. Nasal obstruction and epistaxis are frequent presenting symptoms.	1.95	1	0
Epidermal Cyst Intradermal or subcutaneous saclike structure, the wall of which is stratified epithelium containing keratohyalin granules.	1.95	1	0
Lichen Ruber Planus [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Lichen Planus An inflammatory, pruritic disease of the skin and mucous membranes, which can be either generalized or localized. It is characterized by distinctive purplish, flat-topped papules having a predilection for the trunk and flexor surfaces. The lesions may be discrete or coalesce to form plaques. Histologically, there is a saw-tooth pattern of epidermal hyperplasia and vacuolar alteration of the basal layer of the epidermis along with an intense upper dermal inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly of T-cells. Etiology is unknown.	1.95	1	0
Epileptiform Neuralgia [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Trigeminal Neuralgia A syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of excruciating pain lasting several seconds or longer in the sensory distribution of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE. Pain may be initiated by stimulation of trigger points on the face, lips, or gums or by movement of facial muscles or chewing. Associated conditions include MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, vascular anomalies, ANEURYSMS, and neoplasms. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p187)	1.95	1	0
Abortion, Septic Any type of abortion, induced or spontaneous, that is associated with infection of the UTERUS and its appendages. It is characterized by FEVER, uterine tenderness, and foul discharge.	1.95	1	0
Blepharitis Inflammation of the eyelids.	1.95	1	0
Anemia, Hypochromic Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the erythrocyte, i.e., the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is less than normal. The individual cells contain less hemoglobin than they could have under optimal conditions. Hypochromic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections or other diseases, therapeutic drugs, lead poisoning, and other conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Miale, Laboratory Medicine: Hematology, 6th ed, p393)	2.35	2	0
Panophthalmitis Acute suppurative inflammation of the inner eye with necrosis of the sclera (and sometimes the cornea) and extension of the inflammation into the orbit. Pain may be severe and the globe may rupture. In endophthalmitis the globe does not rupture.	1.95	1	0
Dysesthesia [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Anorectal Diseases [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Rectal Diseases Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	1.95	1	0
Mastoiditis Inflammation of the honeycomb-like MASTOID BONE in the skull just behind the ear. It is usually a complication of OTITIS MEDIA.	1.95	1	0
Tonsillitis Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the PALATINE TONSILS but the ADENOIDS (pharyngeal tonsils) and lingual tonsils may also be involved. Tonsillitis usually is caused by bacterial infection. Tonsillitis may be acute, chronic, or recurrent.	1.95	1	0
Bladder Diseases [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Emphysema A pathological accumulation of air in tissues or organs.	1.98	1	0
Asialia [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Xerostomia Decreased salivary flow.	1.97	1	0
Auditory Vertigo [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Meniere Disease A disease of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) that is characterized by fluctuating SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; TINNITUS; episodic VERTIGO; and aural fullness. It is the most common form of endolymphatic hydrops.	1.97	1	0
Laryngitis Inflammation of the LARYNGEAL MUCOSA, including the VOCAL CORDS. Laryngitis is characterized by irritation, edema, and reduced pliability of the mucosa leading to VOICE DISORDERS such as APHONIA and HOARSENESS.	1.97	1	0
Ozena [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Rhinitis, Atrophic A chronic inflammation in which the NASAL MUCOSA gradually changes from a functional to a non-functional lining without mucociliary clearance. It is often accompanied by degradation of the bony TURBINATES, and the foul-smelling mucus which forms a greenish crust (ozena).	1.97	1	0
Diseases in Twins Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age.	1.97	1	0
Cochlear Hearing Loss [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM.	1.97	1	0
Sneezing The sudden, forceful, involuntary expulsion of air from the NOSE and MOUTH caused by irritation to the MUCOUS MEMBRANES of the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.	2.38	2	0
Neoplasms, Bronchial [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Bronchial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI.	1.97	1	0
Cancer of Sigmoid [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Anorexia The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.	1.97	1	0
Cancer of Lip [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Adenocarcinoma, Papillary An adenocarcinoma containing finger-like processes of vascular connective tissue covered by neoplastic epithelium, projecting into cysts or the cavity of glands or follicles. It occurs most frequently in the ovary and thyroid gland. (Stedman, 25th ed)	3.28	2	0
Duodenal Obstruction Hindrance of the passage of luminal contents in the DUODENUM. Duodenal obstruction can be partial or complete, and caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. Simple obstruction is associated with diminished or stopped flow of luminal contents. Strangulating obstruction is associated with impaired blood flow to the duodenum in addition to obstructed flow of luminal contents.	1.97	1	0
Jejunal Diseases Pathological development in the JEJUNUM region of the SMALL INTESTINE.	1.97	1	0
Femoral Fractures Fractures of the femur.	2.36	2	0
Cancer of the Urinary Tract [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Eosinophilic Granuloma The most benign and common form of Langerhans-cell histiocytosis which involves localized nodular lesions predominantly of the bones but also of the gastric mucosa, small intestine, lungs, or skin, with infiltration by EOSINOPHILS.	1.95	1	0
Osteolysis Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.	1.95	1	0
Periostitis Inflammation of the periosteum. The condition is generally chronic, and is marked by tenderness and swelling of the bone and an aching pain. Acute periostitis is due to infection, is characterized by diffuse suppuration, severe pain, and constitutional symptoms, and usually results in necrosis. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.95	1	0
Hip Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving the hip.	1.95	1	0
Taste Disorder, Anterior Tongue [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Injuries, Mandibular [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Dysphagia [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Mouth Diseases Diseases involving the MOUTH.	1.95	1	0
Mucocele A retention cyst of the salivary gland, lacrimal sac, paranasal sinuses, appendix, or gallbladder. (Stedman, 26th ed)	1.95	1	0
Cancer of the Tonsil [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Mandibular Fractures Fractures of the lower jaw.	1.95	1	0
Salivary Gland Diseases Diseases involving the SALIVARY GLANDS.	1.95	1	0
Deglutition Disorders Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.	1.95	1	0
Tonsillar Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PALATINE TONSIL.	1.95	1	0
Abnormality, Heart [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Tricuspid Incompetence [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Heart Defects, Congenital Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.	1.95	1	0
Food Poisoning, Salmonella [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Salmonella Food Poisoning Poisoning caused by ingestion of food harboring species of SALMONELLA. Conditions of raising, shipping, slaughtering, and marketing of domestic animals contribute to the spread of this bacterium in the food supply.	1.94	1	0
Cyanosis A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule.	1.94	1	0
Osteosclerosis An abnormal hardening or increased density of bone tissue.	1.94	1	0
Injuries, Wrist [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Atypical Lipoma [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Peritoneal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM.	1.94	1	0
Lipoma A benign tumor composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It can be surrounded by a thin layer of connective tissue (encapsulated), or diffuse without the capsule.	1.94	1	0
Appetite Disorders [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Child Behavior Disorders Disturbances considered to be pathological based on age and stage appropriateness, e.g., conduct disturbances and anaclitic depression. This concept does not include psychoneuroses, psychoses, or personality disorders with fixed patterns.	1.94	1	0
Feeding and Eating Disorders A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake.	2.35	2	0
Gastroenteritis INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.	1.94	1	0
Cardiac Cancer [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Peritoneal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.	1.94	1	0
Deficiency, Magnesium [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Magnesium Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936)	1.94	1	0
Bends [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Alveolar Echinococcosis, Hepatic [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Bruise [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Contusions Injuries resulting in hemorrhage, usually manifested in the skin.	1.94	1	0
Gas Gangrene A severe condition resulting from bacteria invading healthy muscle from adjacent traumatized muscle or soft tissue. The infection originates in a wound contaminated with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM. C. perfringens accounts for the majority of cases (over eighty percent), while C. noyvi, C. septicum, and C. histolyticum cause most of the other cases.	1.94	1	0
Prurigo A name applied to several itchy skin eruptions of unknown cause. The characteristic course is the formation of a dome-shaped papule with a small transient vesicle on top, followed by crusting over or lichenification. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	1.94	1	0
Uveitis Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.94	1	0
Balanitis Inflammation of the head of the PENIS, glans penis.	1.94	1	0

methanol

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (186)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Occurs in Manufacturing (2 Product(s))

Product Categories

Products

Roles (6)

Drug Classes (4)

Pathways (55)

Protein Targets (4)

Potency Measurements

Bioassays (32)

Research

Studies (28,607)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 104.91

Study Types

methanol

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (186)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Occurs in Manufacturing (2 Product(s))

Product Categories

Products

Roles (6)

Drug Classes (4)

Pathways (55)

Protein Targets (4)

Potency Measurements

Bioassays (32)

Research

Studies (28,607)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 104.91

Study Types

Related Drugs (4,408)

Related Conditions (1,991)