Compounds > bryostatin 1
Page last updated: 2024-12-10

bryostatin 1

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Description

bryostatin 1: a protein kinase C activator; macrocyclic lactone from marine Bryozoan Bugula neritina; RN given refers to (1S*-(1R*,3R*,5Z,7S*,8E,11R*,12R*(2E,4E),13E,15R*,17S*(S*),21S*,23S*,25R*))-isomer; structure given in first source; activates protein kinase c [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

bryostatin 1 : A member of the class of bryostatins that is (17E)-2-oxooxacyclohexacos-17-ene which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 10, and 20; an acetoxy group at position 8; methyl groups at positions 9, 9, 18, and 19; 2-methoxy-2-oxoethylidene groups at positions 14 and 24; an (E,E)-octa-2,4-dienoyloxy group at position 21; and with oxygen bridges linking positions 6 to 10, 12 to 16, and 20 to 24. It is one of the most abundant member of the class of bryostatins. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

FloraRankFlora DefinitionFamilyFamily Definition
Bugulagenus[no description available]LamiaceaeThe mint plant family. They are characteristically aromatic, and many of them are cultivated for their oils. Most have square stems, opposite leaves, and two-lipped, open-mouthed, tubular corollas (united petals), with five-lobed, bell-like calyxes (united sepals).[MeSH]
Bugulagenus[no description available]LamiaceaeThe mint plant family. They are characteristically aromatic, and many of them are cultivated for their oils. Most have square stems, opposite leaves, and two-lipped, open-mouthed, tubular corollas (united petals), with five-lobed, bell-like calyxes (united sepals).[MeSH]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID44277532
CHEMBL ID281926
MeSH IDM0135411
PubMed CID5280757
CHEMBL ID449158
CHEBI ID88353
SCHEMBL ID182960
MeSH IDM0135411

Synonyms (32)

Synonym
bryostatin 1
C05149 ,
83314-01-6
bryostatins ,
CHEMBL281926 ,
MJQUEDHRCUIRLF-YCVQJEHTSA-N
bmy-45618
brn 4349157
(1s-(1r*,3r*,5z,7s*,8e,11r*,12r*(2e,4e),13e,15r*,17s*(s*),21s*,23s*,25r*))-25-(acetyloxy)-1,11,21-trihydroxy-17-(1-hydroxyethyl)-5,13-bis(2-methoxy-2-oxoethylidene)-10,10,26,26-tetramethyl-19-oxo-18,27,28,29-tetraoxatetracyclo(21.3.1.13,7.111,15)nonacos-8
2,4-octadienoic acid, (1s,3s,5z,7r,8e,11s,12s,13e,15s,17r,21r,23r,25s)-25-(acetyloxy)-1,11,21-trihydroxy-17-((1r)-1-hydroxyethyl)-5,13-bis(2-methoxy-2-oxoethylidene)-10,10,26,26-tetramethyl-19-oxo-18,27,28,29-tetraoxatetracyclo(21.3.1.13,7.111,15)nonacos-
2,4-octadienoic acid, 25-(acetyloxy)-1,11,21-trihydroxy-17-(1-hydroxyethyl)-5,13-bis(2-methoxy-2-oxoethylidene)-10,10,26,26-tetramethyl-19-oxo-18,27,28,29-tetraoxatetracyclo(21.3.1.13,7.111,15)nonacos-8-en-12-yl ester, (1s-(1r*,3r*,5z,7s*,8e,11r*,12r*(2e,
nsc 339555
nsc-339555
bryostatin-1
bryostatin 1, >=99%, solid
bryostatin
bdbm50258529
CHEMBL449158 ,
chebi:88353 ,
unii-37o2x55y9e
37o2x55y9e ,
bryostatin 1 [mi]
bryostatin 1 [who-dd]
SCHEMBL182960
MJQUEDHRCUIRLF-TVIXENOKSA-N
(1s,3s,5z,7r,8e,11s,12s,13e,15s,17r,21r,23r,25s)-25-(acetyloxy)-1,11,21-trihydroxy-17-[(1r)-1-hydroxyethyl]-5,13-bis(2-methoxy-2-oxoethylidene)-10,10,26,26-tetramethyl-19-oxo-18,27,28,29-tetraoxatetracyclo[21.3.1.13,7.111,15]nonacos-8-en-12-yl-(2e, 4e)-2,
(1s,3s,5z,7r,8e,11s,12s,13e,15s,17r,21r,23r,25s)-25-(acetyloxy)-1,11,21-trihydroxy-17-[(1r)-1-hydroxyethyl]-5,13-bis(2-methoxy-2-oxoethylidene)-10,10,26,26-tetramethyl-19-oxo-18,27,28,29-tetraoxatetracyclo[21.3.1.1(3,7).1(11,15)]nonacos-8-en-12-yl (2e,4e)
bryostatin 1 - cas 83314-01-6
Q27095907
HY-105231
CS-0025440
[(1s,3s,5z,7r,8e,11s,12s,13e,15s,17r,21r,23r,25s)-25-acetyloxy-1,11,21-trihydroxy-17-[(1r)-1-hydroxyethyl]-5,13-bis(2-methoxy-2-oxoethylidene)-10,10,26,26-tetramethyl-19-oxo-18,27,28,29-tetraoxatetracyclo[21.3.1.13,7.111,15]nonacos-8-en-12-yl] (2e,4e)-oct

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"1 to 100 microM), involved a temperature-dependent process, could not be mimicked by addition of hematopoietic growth factors, and was not related to neutralization of toxic or inhibitory substances in high-density medium."( In vitro effects of bryostatin 1 on the metabolism and cytotoxicity of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine in human leukemia cells.
Boise, L; Grant, S; Howe, C; McCrady, C; Pettit, GR; Turner, A; Westin, E, 1991)		0.28
" Previously we showed that in primary thyroid follicular cells, expression of mutant p21ras conferred a striking sensitivity to the toxic effects of phorbol esters."( Toxicity of phorbol esters for human epithelial cells expressing a mutant ras oncogene.
Bond, J; Dawson, T; Eccles, N; Wynford-Thomas, D, 1993)		0.29
" Although, therapeutic targeting of chemokines in brain may have adverse consequences on the host, current findings and earlier evidence suggest that CXCL10 could strongly impede neuroinflammation."( Programming of neurotoxic cofactor CXCL-10 in HIV-1-associated dementia: abrogation of CXCL-10-induced neuro-glial toxicity in vitro by PKC activator.
Bivalkar-Mehla, S; Chauhan, A; Mehla, R; Nagarkatti, M, 2012)		0.38

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" In the present study we investigated the effect of bryostatin 1 alone and in combination with novel anti-tubulin agents (dolastatin 10 and auristatin PE) and the chemotherapeutic vincristine on the inhibitor of apoptosis protein cIAP-1."( Modulation of cIAP-1 by novel antitubulin agents when combined with bryostatin 1 results in increased apoptosis in the human early pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line Reh.
Al-Katib, AM; Mohammad, RM; Nabha, SM; Pettit, GR; Wall, NR, 1999)		0.3
"The California Cancer Consortium has performed a Phase II trial of infusional bryostatin, a protein kinase C inhibitor isolated from the marine invertebrate bryozoan, Bugula Neritina, a member of the phylum Ectoprocta, in combination with cisplatin, in patients (pts) with recurrent platinum-sensitive or resistant ovarian cancer (OC)."( Phase II trial of bryostatin-1 in combination with cisplatin in patients with recurrent or persistent epithelial ovarian cancer: a California cancer consortium study.
Chow, W; Doroshow, JH; Frankel, P; Gandara, D; Garcia, A; Lenz, HJ; Leong, L; Morgan, RJ, 2012)		0.38
" We showed that protein kinase C agonists in combination with bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 or histone deacetylase inhibitors robustly induce HIV-1 transcription and virus production when directly compared with maximum reactivation by T cell activation."( Ex vivo analysis identifies effective HIV-1 latency-reversing drug combinations.
Bullen, CK; Durand, CM; Hill, AL; Laird, GM; Martin, AR; Rosenbloom, DI; Siliciano, JD; Siliciano, RF, 2015)		0.42
" Latently infected primary rCD4+ or central memory T cells were stimulated with MVC alone or in combination with Bryostatin-1, a PKC agonist known to reverse HIV-1 latency."( The CCR5-antagonist Maraviroc reverses HIV-1 latency in vitro alone or in combination with the PKC-agonist Bryostatin-1.
Alcamí, J; Coiras, M; Gutiérrez, C; Jiménez-Tormo, L; López-Huertas, MR; Madrid-Elena, N; Moreno, S; Rodríguez-Mora, S, 2017)		0.46
" Both cell lines were treated with G1-S4, G2-S16 and G3-S16 either alone or in combination with bryostatin (BRY), romidepsin (RMD) or panobinostat (PNB) for 24 and 48 h."( Polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers as a new adjuvant in combination with latency reversal agents for HIV treatment.
Juárez-Sánchez, R; Muñoz, E; Muñoz-Fernández, MÁ; Pavicic, C; Relaño-Rodríguez, I, 2019)		0.51
" Interestingly enough, G3-S16 dendrimer alone and its combination with BRY, RMD or PNB showed a significant increased expression of GFP in the THP89GFP monocyte cell line."( Polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers as a new adjuvant in combination with latency reversal agents for HIV treatment.
Juárez-Sánchez, R; Muñoz, E; Muñoz-Fernández, MÁ; Pavicic, C; Relaño-Rodríguez, I, 2019)		0.51
" We found in this study that a novel PKC activator, 10-Methyl-aplog-1 (10MA-1), combined with an inhibitor of bromodomain and extra-terminal domain motifs, JQ1, strongly and synergistically reactivated latently infected HIV."( The Novel PKC Activator 10-Methyl-Aplog-1 Combined with JQ1 Induced Strong and Synergistic HIV Reactivation with Tolerable Global T Cell Activation.
Akari, H; Irie, K; Kikumori, M; Murata, M; Seki, Y; Tan, W; Tang, Y; Wardani, NP; Washizaki, A, 2021)		0.62

Dosage Studied

Bryostatin 1 (Bryo) has been shown to induce biphasic dose-response curves for down-regulating protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and for protecting PKCdelta from down-regulation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) There is a dose- response relationship with 100 micrograms/kg having a greater effect on survival than 40 microgramS/kg. Bryostatin1 was markedly more potent than PMA for translocating PKC de.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" There is a dose-response relationship with 100 micrograms/kg bryostatin 1 having a greater effect on survival than 40 micrograms/kg."( In vivo administration of bryostatin 1, a protein kinase C activator, decreases murine resistance to Salmonella typhimurium.
Adler, V; Benjamin, WH; Briles, DE; Hall, P; Kraft, AS; Pettit, GR, 1992)		0.28
" Time-course kinetics and dose-response curves of RNA and DNA synthesis induced by bryostatin 1 or PMA were comparable, albeit the phorbol ester was significantly more potent."( Synergistic action of calcium ionophore A23187 and protein kinase C activator bryostatin 1 on human B cell activation and proliferation.
Drexler, HG; Gignac, SM; Hoffbrand, AV; Pettit, GR, 1990)		0.28
" There was a clear dose-response effect, with the optimal antimelanoma dose being 100 micrograms/kg/day, but even low doses of bryostatin 1 of 1 micrograms/kg/day resulted in a 53% reduction in the number of metastases."( Successful treatment of murine melanoma with bryostatin 1.
Esa, AH; Hess, AD; Laulis, MK; May, S; Pettit, GR; Schuchter, LM, 1991)		0.28
" Bryostatin 1 was 40-fold more potent than PMA for down-regulating PKC-alpha and showed a biphasic dose-response curve for down-regulating PKC-delta."( Bryostatin 1 protects protein kinase C-delta from down-regulation in mouse keratinocytes in parallel with its inhibition of phorbol ester-induced differentiation.
Blumberg, PM; Denning, MF; Dlugosz, AA; Pettit, GR; Smith, CB; Szallasi, Z; Yuspa, SH, 1994)		0.29
" Bryo and PMA activated PBL- or T cell-derived PKC in a similar dose-response and induced a similar time kinetic of cytosol-to-membrane translocation of enzymatically active and immunoreactive PKC."( The effect of bryostatin on protein kinase C-regulated functions in human T lymphocytes and epidermal keratinocytes.
Galron, D; Gelkop, S; Grossman, N; Isakov, N; Tamir, A, 1993)		0.29
"The aim of this phase I study was to determine the optimal dosage and toxicity profile of bryostatin 1 and its influence on cytokine release in vivo."( Phase I study of bryostatin 1: assessment of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha induction in vivo. The Cancer Research Campaign Phase I Committee.
Balkwill, F; Carmichael, J; Ganesan, T; Pettit, GR; Philip, PA; Rea, D; Rockett, H; Stuart, NS; Talbot, DC; Thavasu, P, 1993)		0.29
"The recommended dosage of bryostatin 1 for phase II studies is 25 micrograms/m2 by intravenous infusion for 1 hour once a week for 3 weeks, with no treatment in the 4th week."( Phase I study of bryostatin 1: assessment of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha induction in vivo. The Cancer Research Campaign Phase I Committee.
Balkwill, F; Carmichael, J; Ganesan, T; Pettit, GR; Philip, PA; Rea, D; Rockett, H; Stuart, NS; Talbot, DC; Thavasu, P, 1993)		0.29
" Bryostatin 1 was markedly more potent than PMA for translocating PKC delta but showed a biphasic dose-response curve for down-regulating this isozyme."( Differential regulation of protein kinase C isozymes by bryostatin 1 and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts.
Blumberg, PM; Pettit, GR; Smith, CB; Szallasi, Z, 1994)		0.29
" After treatment for 5 to 60 min, both Bryo and PMA were found to: a) activate PKC in vitro with similar dose-response curves; b) induce a nearly complete cytosol-to-membrane translocation of enzymatically active, Ca(2+)-dependent PKC and of distinct immunoreactive PKC isoforms in intact PBL; and c) stimulate similar patterns of protein phosphorylation."( Inhibition of phorbol ester-induced T cell proliferation by bryostatin is associated with rapid degradation of protein kinase C.
Altman, A; Galron, D; Isakov, N; Mustelin, T; Pettit, GR, 1993)		0.29
"Bryostatin 1 (Bryo) has been shown to induce biphasic dose-response curves for down-regulating protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) as well as for protecting PKCdelta from down-regulation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)."( The catalytic domain of protein kinase Cdelta confers protection from down-regulation induced by bryostatin 1.
Acs, P; Blumberg, PM; Bögi, K; Lorenzo, PS; Pettit, GR, 1997)		0.3
" Intralesionally dosed papillomas were examined histologically for immune cell infiltration."( The inhibitory effects of bryostatin 1 administration on the growth of rabbit papillomas.
Bodily, JM; Gilbert, SG; Herald, CL; Hoopes, DJ; Pettit, GR; Robison, RA; Roeder, BL; Rollins, DN, 1999)		0.3
" IgE levels were inhibited in a B cell dose-response curve, whereas IgM and IgG1 were induced by Bryo treatment."( Bryostatin-1 specifically inhibits in vitro IgE synthesis.
Conrad, DH; Grant, S; Ma, C; Rabah, D, 2001)		0.31
" Because of severe myalgias, dosing was reduced to paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 with bryostatin-1 40 microg/m2 and then to paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 with bryostatin-1 25 microg/m2."( Phase II trial of sequential paclitaxel and 1 h infusion of bryostatin-1 in patients with advanced esophageal cancer.
Capanu, M; Ilson, DH; Kelsen, DP; Ku, GY; O'Reilly, E; Schwartz, GK; Schwartz, LH; Shah, MA, 2008)		0.35
" This study will inform next trials aimed at assessing higher doses, multiple dosing schedules or combination studies with synergistic drugs."( Bryostatin-1 for latent virus reactivation in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy.
Barbas, C; Castor, T; Gutiérrez, C; Madrid-Elena, N; Martín, ME; Moreno, S; Muñoz, E; Muñoz-Fernández, MA; Pérez-Elías, MJ; Ruipérez, J; Serrano-Villar, S, 2016)		0.43
" The results strongly suggest that, at appropriate dosing and therapeutic period, chronic bryostatin-1 may have great therapeutic value for both ASD and FXS."( Chronic bryostatin-1 rescues autistic and cognitive phenotypes in the fragile X mice.
Alkon, DL; Altimiras, F; Cogram, P; Crockford, D; Deacon, RMJ; Hurley, MJ; Sun, MK; Tranfaglia, M, 2020)		0.56
"05) for Weeks #13 through #42, even 16 weeks after dosing completion by Week #26."( Advanced Alzheimer's Disease Patients Show Safe, Significant, and Persistent Benefit in 6-Month Bryostatin Trial.
Alkon, DL; Sun, MK; Thompson, RE; Tuchman, AJ, 2023)		0.91
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (5)

RoleDescription
marine metaboliteAny metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in marine macro- and microorganisms.
protein kinase C agonistAn agonist that selectively binds to and activates a protein kinase C receptor
alpha-secretase activatorAn activator of alpha-secretase, one of the three endopeptidases that are specific for amyloid protein precursor and which have been identified based upon the region of the amyloid protein precursor which they cleave.
antineoplastic agentA substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
anti-HIV-1 agentAn anti-HIV agent that destroys or inhibits the replication of HIV-1, the more infective and more virulent of the two types of HIV virus.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (7)

ClassDescription
bryostatinsAny of the structurally related macrolide compounds originally found in the bryozoan Bugula neritina and related organisms.
acetate esterAny carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid.
methyl esterAny carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxy group with methanol.
enoate esterAn alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)OR(4) (R(4) =/= H) in which the ester C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.
cyclic hemiketalA hemiacetal having the structure R2C(OH)OR (R =/= H), derived from a ketone by formal addition of an alcohol to the carbonyl group. The term 'cyclic hemiketals', once abandoned by IUPAC, has been reinstated as a subclass of hemiacetals.
organic heterotetracyclic compound
secondary alcoholA secondary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has two other carbon atoms attached to it.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (2)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Protein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.00050.00021.09456.9600AID1228109
Protein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.00080.00030.94896.9600AID1634646; AID374768
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (69)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
angiogenesisProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferationProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
desmosome assemblyProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
chromatin remodelingProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylationProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
mitotic nuclear membrane disassemblyProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
cell adhesionProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell migrationProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophyProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-serine phosphorylationProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-threonine phosphorylationProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migrationProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathwayProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glial cell apoptotic processProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of mRNA stabilityProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migrationProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
post-translational protein modificationProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of macrophage differentiationProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of angiogenesisProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bone resorptionProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell adhesionProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitotic cell cycleProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascadeProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
response to interleukin-1Protein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of platelet aggregationProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
apoptotic signaling pathwayProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of angiotensin-activated signaling pathwayProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of dense core granule biogenesisProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transductionProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of insulin secretionProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylationProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
apoptotic processProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
signal transductionProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stressProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of signaling receptor activityProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
immunoglobulin mediated immune responseProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-serine phosphorylationProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-threonine phosphorylationProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
termination of signal transductionProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of actin filament polymerizationProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activityProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein bindingProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
activation of protein kinase activityProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of superoxide anion generationProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of actin cytoskeleton organizationProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glial cell apoptotic processProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UVProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein dephosphorylationProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosisProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
B cell proliferationProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
neutrophil activationProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein import into nucleusProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
defense response to bacteriumProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of MAP kinase activityProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of mRNA stabilityProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
post-translational protein modificationProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathwayProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory responseProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
protein stabilizationProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of filopodium assemblyProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
cell chemotaxisProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hydrogen peroxideProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hydroperoxideProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of platelet aggregationProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
cellular senescenceProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phospholipid scramblase activityProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to angiotensinProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of ceramide biosynthetic processProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ceramide biosynthetic processProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glucosylceramide catabolic processProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of sphingomyelin catabolic processProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathwayProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transductionProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (18)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
protein kinase activityProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
diacylglycerol-dependent serine/threonine kinase activityProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
calcium,diacylglycerol-dependent serine/threonine kinase activityProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
integrin bindingProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
histone H3T6 kinase activityProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
protein serine kinase activityProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activityProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
diacylglycerol bindingProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase activityProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activityProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
diacylglycerol-dependent serine/threonine kinase activityProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
diacylglycerol-dependent, calcium-independent serine/threonine kinase activityProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activityProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
enzyme activator activityProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase bindingProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
insulin receptor substrate bindingProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
protein serine kinase activityProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (17)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
ciliary basal bodyProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial membraneProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
alphav-beta3 integrin-PKCalpha complexProtein kinase C alpha typeHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
cell-cell junctionProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrixProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
azurophil granule lumenProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
endolysosomeProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeProtein kinase C delta typeHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (64)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID150514Cytotoxicity in vitro against P388 cell line.1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 32, Issue:6
Novel cytotoxic compounds from the ascidian Lissoclinum bistratum.
AID517257Cytotoxicity against human Raji cells assessed as viability at 10'-7 M in presence of TPA2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
Role of the phenolic hydroxyl group in the biological activities of simplified analogue of aplysiatoxin with antiproliferative activity.
AID517258Cytotoxicity against human Raji cells assessed as viability at 10'-7 M2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
Role of the phenolic hydroxyl group in the biological activities of simplified analogue of aplysiatoxin with antiproliferative activity.
AID1228119Inhibition of PMA-induced cell attachment of human U937 cells at 1000 nM after 60 hrs by particle counter based cell counting assay2015Journal of natural products, Apr-24, Volume: 78, Issue:4
Neristatin 1 provides critical insight into bryostatin 1 structure-function relationships.
AID662636Modulation of PKCbeta in human K562 cells assessed as protein down-regulation after 24 hrs by Western blotting analysis2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 22, Issue:12
Role of the C8 gem-dimethyl group of bryostatin 1 on its unique pattern of biological activity.
AID517273Cytotoxicity against human SF295 cells2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
Role of the phenolic hydroxyl group in the biological activities of simplified analogue of aplysiatoxin with antiproliferative activity.
AID1079941Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID517276Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
Role of the phenolic hydroxyl group in the biological activities of simplified analogue of aplysiatoxin with antiproliferative activity.
AID662639Modulation of RASGRP3 in human K562 cells assessed as induction of protein activity after 24 hrs by Western blotting analysis2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 22, Issue:12
Role of the C8 gem-dimethyl group of bryostatin 1 on its unique pattern of biological activity.
AID503612Induction of GFP-PKCdelta translocation from cytoplasm to nuclear in RBL2H3 cells at 200 nM over 30 mins by fluorescent imaging2005Nature chemical biology, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:7
Actin is the primary cellular receptor of bistramide A.
AID1228122Inhibition of PMA-induced TNFalpha secretion in human U937 cells at 0.01 nM to 10000 nM by real time qPCR method2015Journal of natural products, Apr-24, Volume: 78, Issue:4
Neristatin 1 provides critical insight into bryostatin 1 structure-function relationships.
AID662569Binding affinity to PKC2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 22, Issue:12
Role of the C8 gem-dimethyl group of bryostatin 1 on its unique pattern of biological activity.
AID503613Induction of GFP-PKCdelta translocation from cytoplasm to plasma membrane in RBL2H3 cells at 200 nM over 30 mins by fluorescent imaging2005Nature chemical biology, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:7
Actin is the primary cellular receptor of bistramide A.
AID1079932Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID517278Cytotoxicity against human St-4 cells2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
Role of the phenolic hydroxyl group in the biological activities of simplified analogue of aplysiatoxin with antiproliferative activity.
AID1079933Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID1228115Suppression of PMA-induced growth inhibition of human U937 cells at 1000 nM after 72 hrs by particle counter based cell counting assay2015Journal of natural products, Apr-24, Volume: 78, Issue:4
Neristatin 1 provides critical insight into bryostatin 1 structure-function relationships.
AID1079935Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
AID1079938Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID1079937Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID1079943Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID517277Cytotoxicity against human LOXIMVI cells2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
Role of the phenolic hydroxyl group in the biological activities of simplified analogue of aplysiatoxin with antiproliferative activity.
AID1079931Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID1079934Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID1079949Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
AID374766Displacement of [3H]PDBu from human recombinant PKCalpha expressed in Sf9 cells by liquid scintillation counting2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 52, Issue:13
Design, synthesis, and biological activity of isophthalic acid derivatives targeted to the C1 domain of protein kinase C.
AID1079944Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID1634646Inhibition of [3H]PDBu binding to recombinant full length human PKCdelta expressed in baculovirus expression system incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counting method2016Journal of natural products, Apr-22, Volume: 79, Issue:4
Inhibition of Chikungunya Virus-Induced Cell Death by Salicylate-Derived Bryostatin Analogues Provides Additional Evidence for a PKC-Independent Pathway.
AID1228117Induction of cell attachment of human U937 cells at 0.1 nM to 1000 nM after 60 hrs by particle counter based cell counting assay2015Journal of natural products, Apr-24, Volume: 78, Issue:4
Neristatin 1 provides critical insight into bryostatin 1 structure-function relationships.
AID662573Inhibition of PMA-induced human U937 cells antiproliferation activity after 60 hrs2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 22, Issue:12
Role of the C8 gem-dimethyl group of bryostatin 1 on its unique pattern of biological activity.
AID1228113Growth inhibition of human U937 cells at 0.1 nM to 1000 nM after 72 hrs by particle counter based cell counting assay2015Journal of natural products, Apr-24, Volume: 78, Issue:4
Neristatin 1 provides critical insight into bryostatin 1 structure-function relationships.
AID517270Cytotoxicity against human HBC4 cells2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
Role of the phenolic hydroxyl group in the biological activities of simplified analogue of aplysiatoxin with antiproliferative activity.
AID662637Modulation of PKCdelta in human K562 cells assessed as protein down-regulation after 24 hrs by Western blotting analysis2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 22, Issue:12
Role of the C8 gem-dimethyl group of bryostatin 1 on its unique pattern of biological activity.
AID517261Inhibition of TPA-induced EBA-early antigen production in human Raji cells at 10'-7 M2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
Role of the phenolic hydroxyl group in the biological activities of simplified analogue of aplysiatoxin with antiproliferative activity.
AID1228120Induction of TNFalpha secretion in human U937 cells at 0.01 nM to 10000 nM by real time qPCR method2015Journal of natural products, Apr-24, Volume: 78, Issue:4
Neristatin 1 provides critical insight into bryostatin 1 structure-function relationships.
AID517256Cytotoxicity against human Raji cells assessed as viability at 1 uM2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
Role of the phenolic hydroxyl group in the biological activities of simplified analogue of aplysiatoxin with antiproliferative activity.
AID1634645Cytotoxicity against African green monkey BGM cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by MTS/PMS assay2016Journal of natural products, Apr-22, Volume: 79, Issue:4
Inhibition of Chikungunya Virus-Induced Cell Death by Salicylate-Derived Bryostatin Analogues Provides Additional Evidence for a PKC-Independent Pathway.
AID662572Inhibition of PMA-induced human U937 cell attachment treated for 24 hrs measured after 60 hrs2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 22, Issue:12
Role of the C8 gem-dimethyl group of bryostatin 1 on its unique pattern of biological activity.
AID1079945Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
AID517271Cytotoxicity against human BSY1 cells2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
Role of the phenolic hydroxyl group in the biological activities of simplified analogue of aplysiatoxin with antiproliferative activity.
AID1079939Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID517254Induction of EBA-early antigen production in human Raji cells at 10'-7 M2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
Role of the phenolic hydroxyl group in the biological activities of simplified analogue of aplysiatoxin with antiproliferative activity.
AID374768Displacement of [3H]PDBu from human recombinant PKCdelta expressed in Sf9 cells by liquid scintillation counting2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 52, Issue:13
Design, synthesis, and biological activity of isophthalic acid derivatives targeted to the C1 domain of protein kinase C.
AID1079942Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID1079948Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID1079946Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
AID1228109Inhibition of [20-3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding to human PKCalpha by scintillation counting based poly(ethylene) glycol precipitation assay2015Journal of natural products, Apr-24, Volume: 78, Issue:4
Neristatin 1 provides critical insight into bryostatin 1 structure-function relationships.
AID1634643Cytotoxicity against African green monkey BGM cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 5 days by MTS/PMS based microscopic analysis2016Journal of natural products, Apr-22, Volume: 79, Issue:4
Simplified Bryostatin Analogues Protect Cells from Chikungunya Virus-Induced Cell Death.
AID517279Cytotoxicity against human MKN45 cells2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
Role of the phenolic hydroxyl group in the biological activities of simplified analogue of aplysiatoxin with antiproliferative activity.
AID1634642Antiviral activity against Chikungunya virus Indian Ocean 899 infected in African green monkey BGM cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect after 5 days by MTS/PMS based microscopic analysis2016Journal of natural products, Apr-22, Volume: 79, Issue:4
Simplified Bryostatin Analogues Protect Cells from Chikungunya Virus-Induced Cell Death.
AID1634644Antiviral activity against Chikungunya virus 899 infected in African green monkey BGM cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cell death pretreated with cells followed by viral infection measured on day 5 post infection by MTS/PMS assay2016Journal of natural products, Apr-22, Volume: 79, Issue:4
Inhibition of Chikungunya Virus-Induced Cell Death by Salicylate-Derived Bryostatin Analogues Provides Additional Evidence for a PKC-Independent Pathway.
AID517272Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
Role of the phenolic hydroxyl group in the biological activities of simplified analogue of aplysiatoxin with antiproliferative activity.
AID1079947Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID517260Induction of EBA-early antigen production in human Raji cells at 1 uM2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
Role of the phenolic hydroxyl group in the biological activities of simplified analogue of aplysiatoxin with antiproliferative activity.
AID662634Modulation of PKCalpha in human K562 cells assessed as protein down-regulation after 24 hrs by Western blotting analysis2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 22, Issue:12
Role of the C8 gem-dimethyl group of bryostatin 1 on its unique pattern of biological activity.
AID517259Inhibition of TPA-induced EBA-early antigen production in human Raji cells at 1 uM2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
Role of the phenolic hydroxyl group in the biological activities of simplified analogue of aplysiatoxin with antiproliferative activity.
AID517280Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
Role of the phenolic hydroxyl group in the biological activities of simplified analogue of aplysiatoxin with antiproliferative activity.
AID1228111Potency index, ratio of IC50 for neristatin-1 to IC50 for test compound against human Toledo cells after 72 hrs by particle counter based cell counting assay2015Journal of natural products, Apr-24, Volume: 78, Issue:4
Neristatin 1 provides critical insight into bryostatin 1 structure-function relationships.
AID517274Cytotoxicity against human HCC2998 cells2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
Role of the phenolic hydroxyl group in the biological activities of simplified analogue of aplysiatoxin with antiproliferative activity.
AID517255Cytotoxicity against human Raji cells assessed as viability at 1 uM in presence of TPA2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
Role of the phenolic hydroxyl group in the biological activities of simplified analogue of aplysiatoxin with antiproliferative activity.
AID662638Modulation of PKCepsilon in human K562 cells assessed as induction of protein activity after 24 hrs by Western blotting analysis2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 22, Issue:12
Role of the C8 gem-dimethyl group of bryostatin 1 on its unique pattern of biological activity.
AID1079940Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID517275Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H460 cells2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 20, Issue:20
Role of the phenolic hydroxyl group in the biological activities of simplified analogue of aplysiatoxin with antiproliferative activity.
AID1079936Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (713)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199044 (6.17)18.7374
1990's275 (38.57)18.2507
2000's204 (28.61)29.6817
2010's150 (21.04)24.3611
2020's40 (5.61)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 46.18

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index46.18 (24.57)
Research Supply Index2.20 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.59 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index61.43 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (46.18)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials46 (6.33%)5.53%
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews61 (8.39%)6.00%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies3 (0.41%)4.05%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other617 (84.87%)84.16%
Other8 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (43)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
A Phase II Study of Sequential Paclitaxel and Bryostatin-1 for Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Cancer [NCT00031694]Phase 219 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-03-31Completed
Bryostatin-1 Effect on HIV-1 Latency and Reservoir HIV-1 Infected Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment: Pilot, Controlled, Double Blinded, Dose Searching Trial [NCT02269605]Phase 112 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-09-30Completed
A Phase II Combination Trial of Bryostatin-1 and Cisplatin in the Treatment of Metastatic Gastric Cancer [NCT00006389]Phase 212 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-10-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2 Study Assessing the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Bryostatin in the Treatment of Moderately Severe to Severe Alzheimer's Disease Subjects Not Receiving Memantine Treatment [NCT03560245]Phase 2108 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-06-20Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Groups, Study to Evaluate the Safety, Efficacy, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Bryostatin 1 in Patients With Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease [NCT00606164]Phase 29 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-04-30Not yet recruiting
A Randomized, Double-Blind,Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2 Study Assessing the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Bryostatin in the Treatment of Moderately Severe to Severe Alzheimer's Disease [NCT02431468]Phase 2147 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-11-30Completed
A Phase II Study of Bryostatin-1 (NSC 339555) Plus Paclitaxel in Patients With Metastatic or Unresectable Locally Advanced Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach or Gastroesophageal Junction [NCT00006081]Phase 237 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-06-30Completed
Phase II Study of Bryostatin-1 in Combination With Paclitaxel for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer [NCT00005849]Phase 215 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-04-30Completed
Dose Finding Study of Bryostatin-1 and GM-CSF in Refractory Myeloid Malignancies [NCT00012376]Phase 135 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-03-31Completed
Phase II Clinical Evaluation of Bryostatin 1 in Patients With Hodgkin's Disease [NCT00003936]Phase 20 participants Interventional1999-06-30Completed
Phase II Clinical Trial of Bryostatin-1, NSC 339555, and Cisplatin in Patients With Recurrent and/or Advanced Inoperable Squamous Cell, Adeno or Adenosquamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix [NCT00005965]Phase 20 participants Interventional2000-08-31Completed
Phase IA/IB Trial of Modulation of the Biological Response to Interleukin-2 (IL-2) With Bryostatin 1 (BRYO; NSC 339555) [NCT00006022]Phase 117 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-09-30Completed
A Phase II Trial of Bryostatin in Combination With Cisplatin in Patients With Recurrent or Persistent Epithelial Ovarian Cancer [NCT00006942]Phase 232 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-10-31Completed
A Phase II Trial of Bryostatin 1 in Ovarian Cancer Administered by Weekly 24 Hour Intravenous Infusion [NCT00004008]Phase 20 participants Interventional1999-07-31Completed
Phase II Study of Weekly Paclitaxel and Bryostatin-1 in Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer [NCT00005028]Phase 246 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-05-31Completed
A Phase I Study of Bryostatin and Cisplatin in Patients With Advanced Cancer [NCT00003108]Phase 10 participants Interventional1997-10-31Completed
Phase I Study of Bryostatin-1 (NSC 339555) and Cisplatin in Advanced Malignancies [NCT00003132]Phase 10 participants Interventional1998-01-31Completed
Phase I Clinical Evaluation of Bryostatin 1 in Combination With 2-CdA in Patients With Relapsed CLL [NCT00003174]Phase 180 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1998-05-31Completed
Phase I Study of Bryostatin 1 (NSC 339555) and Fludarabine in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Indolent Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma [NCT00005580]Phase 154 participants (Actual)Interventional1998-09-30Completed
A Phase II Trial of Bryostatin-1 in Hypernephroma [NCT00005056]Phase 20 participants Interventional1999-03-31Completed
A Phase I Study of Intravenous CCI-779 in Combination With Bryostatin-1 in Solid Tumors (10038414) [NCT00112476]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-03-31Completed
A Phase II Trial Of Bryostatin-1 In Combination With Rituximab In Rituximab-Refractory Indolent B-cell Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma And Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia [NCT00087425]Phase 248 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2004-07-31Completed
A Randomized Phase II Trial of All-Trans Retinoic Acid and One of Two Schedules of Bryostatin 1 in Patients With Refractory Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) or Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) [NCT00136461]Phase 240 participants Interventional1997-05-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2 Study Assessing Safety, Tolerability and Long-term Efficacy of Bryostatin in the Treatment of Moderately Severe Alzheimer's Disease Subjects Not Receiving Memantine Treatment [NCT04538066]Phase 2117 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-08-30Completed
A Phase II Trial of Bryostatin-1 for the Treatment of Stage IV Breast Cancer [NCT00003205]Phase 20 participants Interventional1998-04-30Completed
A Phase I Trial of Combination Bryostatin-1 and Vincristine in HIV-Related B-cell Neoplasms [NCT00022555]Phase 112 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-11-30Completed
A Randomized Phase II Study Of Interluekin-2 In Combination With Three Different Doses Of Bryostatin In Patients With Renal Cell Carcinoma [NCT00032188]Phase 265 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-01-31Completed
Phase II Study Of Bryostatin 1 (NSC 339555) And High-Dose 1-B-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine (HiDAC) In Patients With Refractory Leukemia [NCT00017342]Phase 20 participants Interventional2001-07-31Completed
A Phase II Study of Bryostatin 1 and Vincristine in Patients With Low or Intermediate Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Progressing or Relapsing After a Prior Autologous Bone Marrow or Stem Cell Transplant [NCT00058305]Phase 228 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2003-03-31Completed
PHASE II CLINICAL EVALUATION OF BRYOSTATIN 1 IN PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED MULTIPLE MYELOMA [NCT00002907]Phase 20 participants Interventional1997-01-31Completed
PHASE II CLINICAL EVALUATION OF BRYOSTATIN 1 IN PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA AND CLL [NCT00002908]Phase 20 participants Interventional1996-12-31Completed
A Phase I Trial of Combination Bryostatin 1 (NSC 339555) and Vincristine in B-Cell Malignancies [NCT00003166]Phase 118 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1998-05-31Completed
Phase II Study of Bryostatin 1 in Patients With Metastatic Colo-Rectal Adenocarcinoma [NCT00003220]Phase 20 participants Interventional1998-02-28Completed
Phase I Study of Bryostatin 1 and Gemcitabine (Gemzar) [NCT00004144]Phase 136 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-05-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Study to Evaluate the Preliminary Safety, Efficacy, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Bryostatin 1 in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease [NCT02221947]Phase 1/Phase 29 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-06-30Terminated(stopped due to Part 2 of study replaced by NTRP-101-202, assessing 3 doses of bryostatin.)
Phase II Study of Bryostatin-1 in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma(Summary Last Modified 8/1999) [NCT00003968]Phase 235 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-06-30Completed
An Open-Label, Non-Randomized Phase I Study of the Protein Kinase C Inhibitor Bryostatin-1 Administered in Combination With Paclitaxel in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors [NCT00003242]Phase 10 participants Interventional1998-02-28Completed
PHASE II EVALUATION OF BRYOSTATIN-1 (NSC 339555) IN NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA [NCT00002725]Phase 235 participants (Actual)Interventional1996-08-31Completed
Phase I Study of Bryostatin 1 (NSC 339555) and High-Dose 1-Beta-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine (HiDAC) in Patients With Refractory Leukemia [NCT00003079]Phase 130 participants (Actual)Interventional1997-09-30Completed
Phase II Trail of Bryostatin-1 and Paclitaxel in Patients With Advanced Esophageal Cancer [NCT00005599]Phase 20 participants Interventional2000-02-29Completed
Phase II Clinical Evaluation of Bryostatin 1 in Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndrome [NCT00003171]Phase 20 participants Interventional1998-05-31Completed
A Phase lb Trial of the Combination of Bryostatin-1 and Low Dose Interleukin-2: Evaluation of the Functional and Molecular Status of Human Monocytes as Antigen Presenting Cells [NCT00003993]Phase 124 participants (Anticipated)Interventional1999-09-30Completed
A Phase II Trial of Bryostatin-1 In Patients With Metastatic or Recurrent Squamos Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck [NCT00003443]Phase 20 participants Interventional1998-07-31Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

TrialOutcome
NCT00006389 (3) [back to overview]Observed Response Rate.
NCT00006389 (3) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00006389 (3) [back to overview]Progression-free Survival
NCT00031694 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events
NCT00031694 (3) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00031694 (3) [back to overview]Response Rate of at Least 30%
NCT02221947 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events as a Measure of Safety and Tolerability
NCT02221947 (5) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Bryostatin.
NCT02221947 (5) [back to overview]Preliminary Efficacy of a Single Dose of Bryostatin in the Treatment of Patients With AD
NCT02221947 (5) [back to overview]Preliminary Efficacy of a Single Dose of Bryostatin in the Treatment of Patients With AD
NCT02221947 (5) [back to overview]Preliminary Efficacy of a Single Dose of Bryostatin in the Treatment of Patients With AD
NCT02431468 (4) [back to overview]Efficacy: Change From Baseline in Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) in the Full Analysis Set (FAS)
NCT02431468 (4) [back to overview]Safety: Number of Subjects With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events
NCT02431468 (4) [back to overview]Secondary Efficacy Endpoints
NCT02431468 (4) [back to overview]Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) Scores by Memantine Use at Baseline
NCT03560245 (6) [back to overview]Efficacy: The Primary Efficacy Endpoint is Defined as the Change From Baseline to Week 13 in the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) Total Score in the Full Analysis Set
NCT03560245 (6) [back to overview]Safety: Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
NCT03560245 (6) [back to overview]Individual Patient's Slope Over Time in SIB Total Score Evaluated Via Weeks 0, 5, 9, and 13
NCT03560245 (6) [back to overview]The Changes From Baseline at Weeks 5, 9 and 15 in the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) Total Score in the Full Analysis Set.
NCT03560245 (6) [back to overview]The Changes From Baseline at Weeks 5, 9, 13 and 15 in the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) Total Score for Subjects in the Mini Mental State Exam Version 2 (MMSE-2) 10-15 Stratification Group
NCT03560245 (6) [back to overview]The Changes From Baseline at Weeks 5, 9, 13 and 15 in the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) Total Score for Subjects in the Mini Mental State Exam Version 2 (MMSE-2) 4-9 Stratification Group

Observed Response Rate.

"All patients had measurable disease and were assessed after 2 cycles of chemotherapy by medical photograph, plain x-ray, CT, MRI or other imaging scans of at least 2.0 cm or greater with conventional techniques or 1.0 cm or greater with spiral CT. Patients were evaluated by RECIST criteria. All measurable lesions, up to 10 target lesions were recorded and measured at baseline across the longest diameter (LD). All other non-target lesions were documented as present or absent. Complete Response (CR) was defined as complete disappearance of the tumor, partial response (PR) was defined as at least a 30% decrease of the sum of the LD of the target lesions, using the baseline sum LD as the reference~The observed response rate was defined as the percentage of evaluable patients whose best response is a CR or PR with associated 95% confidence interval." (NCT00006389)
Timeframe: Best response recorded from the start of treatment until disease progression/recurrence. Assessed every 2 cycles.

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Treatment0

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Overall Survival

Overall survival was estimated according to the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method. (NCT00006389)
Timeframe: 18 months

InterventionMonths (Median)
Treatment2.7

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Progression-free Survival

Progression-free survival was estimated according to the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method (NCT00006389)
Timeframe: 18 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Treatment1.2

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Number of Participants With Adverse Events

(NCT00031694)
Timeframe: Up to 8 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Paclitaxel, Bryostatin 1)10

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Overall Survival

Computed using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. (NCT00031694)
Timeframe: Up to 8 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment (Paclitaxel, Bryostatin 1)17

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Response Rate of at Least 30%

Number of participants with a Response rate of at least 30%. Response was assessed by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). (NCT00031694)
Timeframe: Up to 8 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Treatment (Paclitaxel, Bryostatin 1)0

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Number of Participants With Adverse Events as a Measure of Safety and Tolerability

Evaluate the safety and tolerability of bryostatin 1 (hereinafter referred to as bryostatin) in patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) following a single intravenous (IV) dose. (NCT02221947)
Timeframe: Within 2 weeks of study drug dosing

,
Interventionevent (Number)
DizzinessHeadacheRash Papular
Bryostatin 1010
Placebo111

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Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Bryostatin.

Preliminary evaluation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (Cmax, Tmax, AUClast). (NCT02221947)
Timeframe: Bryostatin plasma concentration pre-dose and at 15 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 1.5 hr, 2hr, 3hr and 6rs post dose.

Interventionbryostatin plasma concentration (ng/mL) (Mean)
predose Bryostatin Plasma Concentration (ng/mL)Concentration 15 min post (ng/mL)Concentration 30 min post (ng/mL)Concentration 1 hr post (ng/mL)Concentration 1.5 hrs post (ng/mL)Concentration 2 hrs post (ng/mL)Concentration 3 hrs post (ng/mL)Concentration 6 hrs post (ng/mL)Cmax (ng/mL)
Bryostatin 10.00.8800.9411.040.1810.07020.00.01.09

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Preliminary Efficacy of a Single Dose of Bryostatin in the Treatment of Patients With AD

"Hopkins Verbal Learning Test - Revised (HVLT-R) delayed recall; change from baseline. HVLT consists of a 12-item word list drawn from 3 semantic categories, presented in 3 learning trials. Score range = 0-12. The lower the number, the more impaired.~Repeatable Battery of Assessments for Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) figure recall; change from baseline. Total Score Range: 0-20. Each portion of the drawing is scored 1 point for correctness and completeness and 1 point for being placed properly in relation to the rest of the drawing. Drawing and placement scores are summed for the item total. To obtain subtest total score, the drawing and placement scores are summed for each item. The lower the number, the more impaired." (NCT02221947)
Timeframe: 48 hours post start of study drug infusion

,
Interventionunits on a scale, change from baseline (Mean)
HVLT-R at 48hrs (change from baseline)RBANS figure recall at 48hrs (CBL)
Bryostatin 11.34.5
Placebo3.76.7

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Preliminary Efficacy of a Single Dose of Bryostatin in the Treatment of Patients With AD

"HVLT-R (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised™) delayed recall (change from baseline). A 12-item word list: 3 learning trials. Score range = 0-12. The lower the number, the more impaired.~Repeatable Battery of Assessments for Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) figure recall; change from baseline. Score Range: 0-20. The lower the number, the more impaired. Digit Symbol Coding (observed), Score range: 0-125. The lower the number, the more impaired.~Clinical Dementia Rating- Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB, observed). Sum of 6 investigated domains (Memory, Orientation, Judgment and Problem Solving, Community Affairs, Home and Hobbies, Personal Care). Each subtest range is 0-3; Sum of all 6 subtest scores gives total CDR-SB score (range= 0-18).The higher the number, the more impaired.~Mini Mental State Exam, version 2 (MMSE-2), change from baseline. The MMSE-2 measures aspects of cognitionon a scale of 0-30. Lower scores indicate greater cognitive impairment." (NCT02221947)
Timeframe: Specified timepoints within 2 weeks post study drug infusion

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
HVLT-R 24hr Delayed Recall (change from baseline)HVLT-R 2 Wks Delayed Recall (change from baseline)RBANS 24hr Figure Recall (change from baseline)RBANS 2 Wks Figure Recall (CBL)HVLT-R delayed recall of stimuli at 48hr (CBL)Digit Symbol Coding 24hrs post start of infusionDigit Symbol Coding 48hrs post start of infusionDigit Symbol Coding 2 wks post start of infusionCDR, CDR-SB baseline (observed)CDR, CDR-SB 2wks (observed)MMSE-2 3hrs post start of inf (change)Digit Symbol Coding baseline (observed)Digit Symbol Coding 3hrs post start of inf (observMMSE-2 at 72hrs (change from Baseline)MMSE-2 at 2wks (change from Baseline)
Bryostatin 10.50.34.74.2-1.232.236.037.338.31.31.51.832.232.72.63.3

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Preliminary Efficacy of a Single Dose of Bryostatin in the Treatment of Patients With AD

"HVLT-R (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised™) delayed recall (change from baseline). A 12-item word list: 3 learning trials. Score range = 0-12. The lower the number, the more impaired.~Repeatable Battery of Assessments for Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) figure recall; change from baseline. Score Range: 0-20. The lower the number, the more impaired. Digit Symbol Coding (observed), Score range: 0-125. The lower the number, the more impaired.~Clinical Dementia Rating- Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB, observed). Sum of 6 investigated domains (Memory, Orientation, Judgment and Problem Solving, Community Affairs, Home and Hobbies, Personal Care). Each subtest range is 0-3; Sum of all 6 subtest scores gives total CDR-SB score (range= 0-18).The higher the number, the more impaired.~Mini Mental State Exam, version 2 (MMSE-2), change from baseline. The MMSE-2 measures aspects of cognitionon a scale of 0-30. Lower scores indicate greater cognitive impairment." (NCT02221947)
Timeframe: Specified timepoints within 2 weeks post study drug infusion

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
HVLT-R 24hr Delayed Recall (change from baseline)HVLT-R 2 Wks Delayed Recall (change from baseline)RBANS 24hr Figure Recall (change from baseline)RBANS 2 Wks Figure Recall (CBL)HVLT-R delayed recall of stimuli at 48hr (CBL)Digit Symbol Coding baseline (observed)Digit Symbol Coding 24hrs post start of infusionDigit Symbol Coding 48hrs post start of infusionDigit Symbol Coding 2 wks post start of infusionCDR, CDR-SB baseline (observed)CDR, CDR-SB 2wks (observed)MMSE-2 3hrs post start of inf (change)Digit Symbol Coding 3hrs post start of inf (observMMSE-2 at 72hrs (change from Baseline)MMSE-2 at 2wks (change from Baseline)
Placebo1.32.36.07.32.742.349.053.752.70.70.7-1.042.345.33.34.7

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Efficacy: Change From Baseline in Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) in the Full Analysis Set (FAS)

The primary statistical objective for efficacy was to estimate the effect of bryostatin on the mean change in the total SIB score after 12 weeks of treatment, assessed at Week 13 (day 91). Efficacy analyses were conducted according to randomized groups. The SIB is used to assess cognition in subjects with moderate and severe AD. It is divided into nine subscales that include attention, language, orientation, memory, praxis, visuospatial ability, construction, social skills, orienting head to name. Non-verbal responses are allowed, thus decreasing the need for language output. Forty questions are included with a point score range of 0-100. Lower scores indicate greater cognitive impairment. (NCT02431468)
Timeframe: Primary analysis at Week 13 (day 91) after 12 weeks of treatment (up to day 107)

,,
Interventionmean change from baseline in SIB score (Mean)
Week 13 Full Analysis Set (FAS)Week 13 Completer Analysis Set (CAS)30-Day Followup Full Analysis Set30-Day Followup Completer Analysis Set
Bryostatin 1 20ug1.61.62.32.3
Bryostatin 1 40ug0.80.80.60.9
Placebo-0.4-0.7-2.7-2.7

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Safety: Number of Subjects With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events

Evaluations of adverse events (AEs), serious adverse events (SAEs), Adverse event of special interest - myalgia (NCT02431468)
Timeframe: Baseline through 30 days post end of treatment (up to Day 107)

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Number of Subjects w Treatment Emergent AE (TEAE)# of Subjects w Treatment Related TEAE# of Subjects w TEAE leading to treatment discont.# of Subjects with Serious TEAE# of Subjects with Treatment Related Serious TEAE# of Subjects w Treatment Emergent Myalgia# of Subjects w Serious Treatment Emergent Myalgia# of Subjects with Fatal TEAE
Bryostatin 1 20ug3017111100
Bryostatin 1 40ug3924364401
Placebo288230000

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Secondary Efficacy Endpoints

"Change from baseline in the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) at Weeks 5 and 9. Assesses cognition. Score range 0-100. Lower scores indicate greater cognitive impairment.~Change from baseline in Alzheimer Disease Cooperative Study Activities of Daily Living Inventory-Severe Impairment Version (ADCS-ADL-SEV) at Weeks 5, 9,13. A 19-item test of the performance of activities of daily living. Total score range 0-54; lower scores indicate greater functional impairment.~Change from baseline in MMSE-2 at Weeks 5, 9 and 13. Tests selected aspects of cognition on a scale of 0-30. Lower scores indicate greater cognitive impairment.~Change from baseline in Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) at Weeks 5, 9,13. Caregiver interview assesses 12 behavioral disturbances. Scores range from 0-144; higher scores indicate greater behavioral disturbances.~Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I) at Weeks 5, 9, 13. A 7-point scale range from (1) very much improved to (7) very much worse." (NCT02431468)
Timeframe: Week 5, Week 9, Week 13

,,
Interventionmean change from baseline (Mean)
SIB Week 5 Full Analysis SetSIB Week 5 Completer Analysis SetSIB Week 9 Full Analysis SetSIB Week 9 Completer Analysis SetWeek 5 ADCS-ADL-SIV : FASWeek 9 ADCS-ADL-SIV : FASWeek 13 ADCS-ADL-SIV : FASWeek 5 MMSE-2: FASWeek 9 MMSE-2: FASWeek 13 MMSE-2: FASWeek 5 Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI): FASWeek 9 Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI): FASWeek 13 Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI): FAS
Bryostatin 1 20ug1.51.71.31.2-0.3-1.4-0.70.40.80.5-0.50.51.0
Bryostatin 1 40ug-0.80.1-0.2-0.1-1.1-1.5-1.0-0.10.30.31.72.02.0
Placebo-1.2-1.9-0.0-0.1-0.7-1.3-2.2-0.10.5-0.2-2.4-2.51.0

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Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) Scores by Memantine Use at Baseline

Change from baseline in SIB score was compared between subjects receiving concurrent treatment with memantine and subjects not being treated with memantine. (NCT02431468)
Timeframe: Assessments at weeks 5, 9, 13, and 30 days after end of treatment (up to day 107).

,,,,,
Interventionmean change from baseline in SIB score (Mean)
Week 5 SIB change from BaselineWeek 9 SIB change from BaselineWeek 13 SIB change from Baseline30-day Followup SIB change from Baseline
Bryostatin 1 20ug With Memantine0.1-0.1-0.5-1.1
Bryostatin 1 20ug Without Memantine3.43.54.56.7
Bryostatin 1 40ug With Memantine-1.6-0.6-0.10.3
Bryostatin 1 40ug Without Memantine3.92.03.94.0
Placebo With Memantine-1.3-0.4-0.5-3.8
Placebo Without Memantine-1.20.8-1.1-1.0

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Efficacy: The Primary Efficacy Endpoint is Defined as the Change From Baseline to Week 13 in the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) Total Score in the Full Analysis Set

The Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) assesses cognition in subjects with moderate and severe Alzheimer's disease(AD). Test questions measure attention, language, orientation, memory, praxis, visuospatial ability, construction, social skills, orienting head to name. Non-verbal responses are allowed, thus decreasing the need for language output. Forty questions are included with a total point score range of 0-100. Lower scores indicate greater cognitive impairment. (NCT03560245)
Timeframe: The change in the SIB Total Score from baseline to Week 13 (Day 91)

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Bryostatin 20µg1.3
Placebo2.1

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Safety: Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)

Incidence of adverse events (AEs), serious adverse events (SAEs), Adverse event of special interest - myalgia (NCT03560245)
Timeframe: Baseline through 30 days post end of treatment (up to Day 107)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Bryostatin 20µg21
Placebo10

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Individual Patient's Slope Over Time in SIB Total Score Evaluated Via Weeks 0, 5, 9, and 13

Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) trend analyses will be assessed for individual patients. SIB scores were evaluated in subjects at various time points during the study. Individual-specific SIB slopes were estimated for all patients over each person's available SIB outcome measures. (NCT03560245)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 13 (Day 91)

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Slope > 0Slope < 0Slope = 0
Bryostatin 20µg29230
Placebo29232

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The Changes From Baseline at Weeks 5, 9 and 15 in the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) Total Score in the Full Analysis Set.

The Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) assesses cognition in subjects with Alzheimer's disease. SIB scores at Weeks 5, 9 and the Week 15 follow-up visit will be assessed. Test questions measure attention, language, orientation, memory, praxis, visuospatial ability, construction, social skills, orienting head to name. Non-verbal responses are allowed, thus decreasing the need for language output. Forty questions are included with a total point score range of 0-100. Lower scores indicate greater cognitive impairment. (NCT03560245)
Timeframe: Weeks 5, 9 and 15 (up to Day 107)

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Week 5Week 9Week 15 or early termination
Bryostatin 20µg-0.12.71.6
Placebo0.71.42.1

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The Changes From Baseline at Weeks 5, 9, 13 and 15 in the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) Total Score for Subjects in the Mini Mental State Exam Version 2 (MMSE-2) 10-15 Stratification Group

Mini Mental State Exam version 2 (MMSE-2) scores between 10 and 15 are representative of moderately severe Alzheimer's disease. The SIB is used to assess cognition in subjects with moderate and severe AD and is a useful outcome measure in advanced stages of disease. It is divided into nine subscales that include attention, language, orientation, memory, praxis, visuospatial ability, construction, social skills, orienting head to name. Non-verbal responses are allowed, thus decreasing the need for language output. Forty questions are included with a point score range of 0-100. Lower scores indicate greater cognitive impairment. (NCT03560245)
Timeframe: Weeks 5, 9, 13 and 15 (up tp Day 107)

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Week 5Week 9Week 13Week 15/Early Termination
Bryostatin 20µg1.43.53.93.7
Placebo0.31.52.22.8

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The Changes From Baseline at Weeks 5, 9, 13 and 15 in the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) Total Score for Subjects in the Mini Mental State Exam Version 2 (MMSE-2) 4-9 Stratification Group

The SIB is used to assess cognition in subjects with moderate and severe AD and is a useful outcome measure in advanced stages of disease. It is divided into nine subscales that include attention, language, orientation, memory, praxis, visuospatial ability, construction, social skills, orienting head to name. Non-verbal responses are allowed, thus decreasing the need for language output. Forty questions are included with a point score range of 0-100. Lower scores indicate greater cognitive impairment. (NCT03560245)
Timeframe: Weeks 5, 9, 13 and 15 (up to Day 107)

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Week 5Week 9Week 13Week 15/ Early Termination
Bryostatin 20µg-3.11.1-3.6-2.6
Placebo1.41.11.90.3

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SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
phosphoserine
Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine.		2.6730non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
O-phosphoamino acid;
serine derivative		human metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.		2.110amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule
benzaldehyde
[no description available]		3.1410benzaldehydesEC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
fragrance;
odorant receptor agonist;
plant metabolite
butyric acid
Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.		1.9910fatty acid 4:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		human urinary metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
carbamates
[no description available]		3.5520amino-acid anion
methane
Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).		7.4110alkane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride;
one-carbon compound		bacterial metabolite;
fossil fuel;
greenhouse gas
choline
[no description available]		2.420cholinesallergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutrient;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		2.730halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		2.3920sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
hydrogen
Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.		2.7430elemental hydrogen;
elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity		antioxidant;
electron donor;
food packaging gas;
fuel;
human metabolite
iodine
Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..		2.0310diatomic iodinenutrient
malonic acid
malonic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.. dicarboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.		2.0410alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acidhuman metabolite
purine
1H-purine : The 1H-tautomer of purine.. 3H-purine : The 3H-tautomer of purine.. 9H-purine : The 9H-tautomer of purine.. 7H-purine : The 7H-tautomer of purine.		2.2510purine
1,2-dioctanoylglycerol
1,2-dioctanoylglycerol: functions as bioregulator of protein kinase C in human platelets		1.9710
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.		2.4320aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid		fluorescent probe
3-methylcholanthrene
Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.		1.9810ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenearyl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
carcinogenic agent
4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonylfluoride
[no description available]		1.9910
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		1.9810benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
bisindolylmaleimide i
bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide		4.3560
ro 31-7549
Ro 31-7549: structure		1.9910
busulfan
[no description available]		2.0210methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
insect sterilant;
teratogenic agent
chelerythrine
chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.		1.9910benzophenanthridine alkaloid;
organic cation		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
r 59022
R 59022: diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor; structure given in first source; platelet activator factor antagonist		1.9710diarylmethane
dipyridamole
Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.		3.520piperidines;
pyrimidopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrol		adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
disulfiram
[no description available]		3.4220organic disulfide;
organosulfur acaricide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
fungicide;
NF-kappaB inhibitor
glutaral
Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.		210dialdehydecross-linking reagent;
disinfectant;
fixative
go 6976
[no description available]		4.98120indolocarbazole;
organic heterohexacyclic compound		EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
n-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide
[no description available]		1.9710isoquinolines;
sulfonamide
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine
1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.		3.4880isoquinolines;
N-sulfonylpiperazine		EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
ha 1004
N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source		1.9810isoquinolines
hexamethylene bisacetamide
N,N'-diacetyl-1,6-diaminohexane: chemical name obtained from Acta Biol Hung 1990;41(1-3):199-208		7.730acetamides
hydroxyurea
[no description available]		2.0110one-carbon compound;
ureas		antimetabolite;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
immunomodulator;
radical scavenger;
teratogenic agent
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		2.0810benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		1.9810aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.		1.99103-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
staurosporine aglycone
staurosporine aglycone: metabolite from culture broth of Nocardiopsis sp.; a neurotrophin antag; inhibits BDNF TrkB receptor		1.9810
qx-314
QX-314: triethyl analog of lidocaine; RN & NM refer to ion		2.0810monocarboxylic acid amidelocal anaesthetic
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source		2.0210chromones;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound		autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
memantine
[no description available]		2.4110adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		antidepressant;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.		6.9910C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
nimesulide
nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.		1.9810aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
pd 98059
2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.		3.150aromatic amine;
monomethoxyflavone		EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
ro 31-8220
Ro 31-8220: a protein kinase C inhibitor		4.0440imidothiocarbamic ester;
indoles;
maleimides		EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
vorinostat
Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).		5.9760dicarboxylic acid diamide;
hydroxamic acid		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
suramin
Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.		3.0910naphthalenesulfonic acid;
phenylureas;
secondary carboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antinematodal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
GABA antagonist;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
trypanocidal drug
temozolomide
[no description available]		3.0910imidazotetrazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
triazene derivative		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
prednisolone
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.		21011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
thymidine
[no description available]		2.8940pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
carbachol
Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.		210ammonium salt;
carbamate ester		cardiotonic drug;
miotic;
muscarinic agonist;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
prednisone
Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.		2.031011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		1.9910alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
serine
Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.		3.470L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		2.4920glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		4.4970amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		1.9910amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		2.0110amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
colchicine
(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.		2.0310alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.		3.3770antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
egtazic acid
Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.		1.9910diether;
tertiary amino compound;
tetracarboxylic acid		chelator
fluocinolone acetonide
Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders.		21011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antipruritic drug
mannitol
[no description available]		2.4120mannitolallergen;
antiglaucoma drug;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food anticaking agent;
food bulking agent;
food humectant;
food stabiliser;
food thickening agent;
hapten;
metabolite;
osmotic diuretic;
sweetening agent
cytarabine
[no description available]		7.24181beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
propane
Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3.		2.0210alkane;
gas molecular entity		food propellant
acetonitrile
acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.		3.1410aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent
cyclopropane
cyclopropane : A cycloalkane composed of three carbon atoms to form a ring.		2.4110cycloalkane;
cyclopropanes		inhalation anaesthetic
tert-butylhydroperoxide
tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.		2.1710alkyl hydroperoxideantibacterial agent;
oxidising agent
acrolein
[no description available]		3.1410enalherbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
toxin
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		5.3870pyrrole;
secondary amine
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		3.0910mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
nonane
iotrochotin: toxin from the Caribbean sponge Iotrochota birotulata, which selectively permeabilizes synaptosomes. nonane : A straight chain alkane composed of 9 carbon atoms.		2.0210alkaneplant metabolite;
volatile oil component
2-chloroadenosine
5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first source		2.4220purine nucleoside
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		3.8530azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
acridines
Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.		2.4220acridines;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent;
polycyclic heteroarene		genotoxin
indazoles
Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.		3.0910indazole
oxazoles
Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.		2.02101,3-oxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles
[no description available]		5.23601,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
pyrimidine
pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.		2.2510diazine;
pyrimidines		Daphnia magna metabolite
hydrazine
diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.		2.0610azane;
hydrazines		EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
azacitidine
Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.		2.7430N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent
cuprizone
[no description available]		2.4110organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
dipicolinic acid
dipicolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying two carboxy groups at positions 2 and 6.		2.0610pyridinedicarboxylic acidbacterial metabolite
1,3-propanediol
propane-1,3-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,3-diols, consisting of propane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by a hydroxy group. A colourless, viscous, water-miscible liquid with a high (210degreeC) boiling point, it is used in the synthesis of certain polymers and as a solvent and antifreeze.		2.0510propane-1,3-diolsmetabolite;
protic solvent
dihydrotestosterone
Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.		2.031017beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one;
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid		androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
luminol
Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.		1.9710
aminoacetonitrile
Aminoacetonitrile: Cyanomethylamine.		210
eosine yellowish-(ys)
Eosine Yellowish-(YS): A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.. eosin YS dye : An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.		2.0610organic sodium salt;
organobromine compound		fluorochrome;
histological dye
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		2.9140acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		3.5720cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		6.6661pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
durapatite
Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).		1.9810
arsenic trioxide
Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.		2.0210
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		2.4420alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.		2.0610fluorescein isothiocyanate
cladribine
[no description available]		4.0150organochlorine compound;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent
vidarabine
adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.		6.1162beta-D-arabinoside;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
palladium
Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.		3.1550metal allergen;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
rhodium
Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.		2.0310cobalt group element atom
ruthenium
Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.		2.4520iron group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
titanium
Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.		2.0310titanium group element atom
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		5.6731delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
ferric chloride
ferric chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-Cl3; used to induce experimental arterial thrombosis to evaluate antithrombotic agents		2.0310iron coordination entityastringent;
Lewis acid
arabinofuranosylcytosine triphosphate
Arabinofuranosylcytosine Triphosphate: A triphosphate nucleotide analog which is the biologically active form of CYTARABINE. It inhibits nuclear DNA synthesis.		2.6730
titanium dioxide
titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.		2.0310titanium oxidesfood colouring
levamisole
Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.		3.08106-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoleantinematodal drug;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
immunological adjuvant;
immunomodulator
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.		8.941670acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator
daunorubicin
Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.		1.9810aminoglycoside antibiotic;
anthracycline;
p-quinones;
tetracenequinones		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
phosphotyrosine
Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group.		1.9910L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
O(4)-phosphotyrosine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
immunogen
alkenes
[no description available]		2.9440
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		1.9910glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		9.94136taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide
[no description available]		2.3920beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p
[no description available]		1.9910peptideneurokinin-1 receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
rhodamine wt
[no description available]		2.0610
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate
Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.		9.75310butyrate ester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
lonidamine
lonidamine: structure. lonidamine : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole that is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by 2,4-dichlorobenzyl and carboxy groups, respectively.		3.0910dichlorobenzene;
indazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		antineoplastic agent;
antispermatogenic agent;
EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
enkephalin, methionine
Enkephalin, Methionine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.		2.110
colforsin
Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.		1.9810acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
labdane diterpenoid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
triol		adenylate cyclase agonist;
anti-HIV agent;
antihypertensive agent;
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
protein kinase A agonist
mifepristone
Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.		1.98103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		abortifacient;
contraceptive drug;
hormone antagonist;
synthetic oral contraceptive
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		6.6661organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
irinotecan
[no description available]		3.0910carbamate ester;
delta-lactone;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
ring assembly;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		3.0910adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
n-butyllithium
[no description available]		2.0110
efavirenz
efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		2.1510acetylenic compound;
benzoxazine;
cyclopropanes;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
thiazolyl blue
thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.		1.9910organic bromide saltcolorimetric reagent;
dye
prostratin
prostratin: RN given refers to the (1aR-(1aalpha,1bbeta,4abeta,7aalpha,7balpha,8alpha,9aalpha))-isomer		5.4100
cholesteryl sulfate
cholesteryl sulfate: component of human seminal plasma & spermatozoa; RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer. cholesterol sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is cholesterol substituted by a sulfoxy group at position 3.		1.9710steroid sulfatehuman metabolite
10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium
10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium: chemoluminescent probe; RN given refers to dinitrate; Lucigenin refers to dinitrate		1.9710
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport; acts on ENT1		210purine nucleoside
tallimustine
tallimustine: structure given in first source		3.0910
methacycline
[no description available]		3.79301,2-diglyceride
1,7-phenanthroline
[no description available]		3.1810phenanthroline
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		4.45701,2,3-triazole
masoprocol
Masoprocol: A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils.. masoprocol : The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase.		1.9910nordihydroguaiaretic acidantineoplastic agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite
7-hydroxystaurosporine
[no description available]		4.5340
cb 10375
trimelamol: structure given in first source		1.9810
glycidyl nitrate
glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.		2.0510
phorbolol myristate acetate
[no description available]		2.0310
combretastatin
combretastatin: cytotoxic principle from South African tree COMBRETUM caffrum; structure given in first source; acts at COLCHICINE site of TUBULIN		2.110
ici 164384
ICI 164384: structure given in first source. ICI-164384 : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol substituted by a 11-[butyl(methyl)amino]-11-oxoundecyl group at position 7R. It is a steroidal antioestrogen that inhibits the cell proliferation of breast-carcinoma cell lines.		1.981017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
tertiary carboxamide		anti-estrogen;
antineoplastic agent;
estrogen receptor antagonist
indolactam v
indolactam V: only the (-)-isomer of indolactam V showed carcinogenic activity; structure given in first source		2.9140indoles
paxilline
paxilline: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2R-(2alpha,4bbeta,6aalpha,12bbeta,12calpha,14abeta))-isomer. paxilline : An indole diterpene alkaloid with formula C27H33NO4 isolated from Penicillium paxilli. It is a potent inhibitor of large conductance Ca2(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK)-type channels.		2.0410diterpene alkaloid;
enone;
organic heterohexacyclic compound;
terpenoid indole alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		anticonvulsant;
Aspergillus metabolite;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
geroprotector;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
potassium channel blocker
12-deoxyphorbolphenylacetate
12-deoxyphorbolphenylacetate: RN given refers to (1aR-(1aalpha,1bbeta,4abeta,7aalpha,7balpha,8alpha,9aalpha))-isomer		1.9810
phorbol-12-myristate
[no description available]		2.4920
ecteinascidin 743
[no description available]		4.8940acetate ester;
azaspiro compound;
bridged compound;
hemiaminal;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
lactone;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
organic sulfide;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
marine metabolite
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine
Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.		1.99102-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
bronchoconstrictor agent;
hematologic agent;
vasodilator agent
sapintoxin d
sapintoxin D: RN given refers to (1aR-(1aalpha,1bbeta,4abeta,7aalpha,7balpha,8alpha,9beta,9aalpha))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 9/90. sapintoxin D : A phorbol ester consisting of phorbol that is acylated at positions 12 and 13 by 2-(methylamino)benzoyl and acetyl groups respectively.		1.9910phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		fluorescent probe;
metabolite
fr 41565
heptanoyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-L-meso-diaminopimelyl-D-alanine: synthetic cpd; also immunoactive peptide isolated from Streptomyces active against multiplication of HSV-1 & HSV-2 virus		3.0810
caprylates
Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.		2.7730fatty acid anion 8:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n'-(2-chloroethyl)-n-(2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl)-n'-nitrosourea
N'-(2-chloroethyl)-N-(2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl)-N'-nitrosourea: structure given in first source		3.0910
6-deoxyerythronolide b
6-deoxyerythronolide B: Streptomyces erythreus metabolite; presumed intermediate in biosynthesis of erythromycins; structure given in first source		3.1910erythronolide
cyclopropene
cyclopropene: structure. cyclopropene : A cycloalkene that consists of cyclopropane having a double bond in the ring. The parent of the class of cyclopropenes.		2.0310cycloalkene;
cyclopropenes
imatinib mesylate
imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.		2.0210methanesulfonate saltanticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
teloxantrone
teloxantrone: structure given in first source		3.0910
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: do not confuse with phosphatidylinositols which have fatty acids esterified at the C-1 and C-2 hydroxyl groups of glycerol		1.9710
t-butyloxycarbonyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine
[no description available]		1.9910
7-diethylaminocoumarin-3-carbohydrazide
7-diethylaminocoumarin-3-carbohydrazide: used for labeling ketone groups		2.0610
ro 32-0432
[no description available]		3.8230
4-nitro-2-(4'-hydroxyphenoxy)methanesulfonanilide
4-nitro-2-(4'-hydroxyphenoxy)methanesulfonanilide: metabolite of nimesulide		1.9810
leucinal
leucinal: RN given refers to (S)-isomer		1.9910
dithiane
dithiane: structure in first source		3.1410dithiane
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		4.4611secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
mn(iii) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(n-methylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin
[no description available]		2.1710
ruboxistaurin
ruboxistaurin: inhibits protein kinase C beta; structure in first source		3.110
phorbols
Phorbols: The parent alcohol of the tumor promoting compounds from CROTON OIL (Croton tiglium).		2.7330diterpene;
terpenoid fundamental parent
carmethizole
carmethizole: RN & structure given in first source; RN given refers to HCl; RN for parent cpd not available 2/89		1.9810
2-chloro-1-methylpyridinium
2-chloro-1-methylpyridinium: coupling reagent for peptide synthesis		2.0610
aminopterin
Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.		3.0910dicarboxylic acidEC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
mutagen
angiotensin ii
Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).		1.9810amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin II		human metabolite
lignin
Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.		3.0710
sb 203580
[no description available]		210imidazoles;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
enzastaurin
[no description available]		3.1410indoles;
maleimides
ascididemin
ascididemin: can be viewed as a fused phenanthroline with quinoline; from the Mediterranean ascidian Cystodytes dellechiajei; structure in first source		3.1810
anisomycin
Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.. (-)-anisomycin : An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.		210monohydroxypyrrolidine;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic		anticoronaviral agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiparasitic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
protein synthesis inhibitor
leupeptins
Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.		2.4120
bradykinin
[no description available]		2.0510oligopeptidehuman blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent
tartaric acid
tartaric acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-tartaric acid : The D-enantiomer of tartaric acid.		1.9810tartaric acidEscherichia coli metabolite
pancratistatin
pancratistatin: an isocarbostyril from Amaryllidaceae		1.9810citraconoyl group
ingenol
[no description available]		4.2140cyclic terpene ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid
phorbol
phorbol: RN given refers to (1aR-(1a alpha,1b beta,4a beta,7a alpha,7b alpha,8 alpha,9 beta,9b beta))-isomer; synonym isophorbol refers to (4a alpha)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7143. phorbol : A diterpenoid with the structure of tigliane hydroxylated at C-4, -9, -12(beta), -13 and -20, with an oxo group at C-3 and unsaturation at the 1- and 6-positions.		2.5920cyclic ketone;
enone;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid
lignans
Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)		3.0710
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine
N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.		2.8940tripeptide
trichostatin a
trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES		2.4220antibiotic antifungal agent;
hydroxamic acid;
trichostatin		bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		3.86120retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
arachidonic acid
icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.		7.6730icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
resveratrol
trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.		2.4110resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
tacrolimus
Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.		1.9710macrolide lactambacterial metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
mupirocin
Mupirocin: A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.. mupirocin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.		2.0410alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester;
epoxide;
monocarboxylic acid;
oxanes;
secondary alcohol;
triol		antibacterial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
prostaglandin d2
Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer).		1.9810prostaglandins Dhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
bms 214662
7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-3-(phenylmethyl)-4-(2-thienylsulfonyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine: a farnesyltransferase inhibitor; structure in first source. BMS-214662 : A member of the class of benzodiazepines that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine substituted by (1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl, benzyl, (thiophen-2-yl)sulfonyl, and cyano groups at positions 1, 3R, 4 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of farnesyltransferase (IC50 = 1.35nM) which was under clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors.		2.0510benzenes;
benzodiazepine;
imidazoles;
nitrile;
sulfonamide;
thiophenes		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor
afimoxifene
afimoxifene : A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen.		1.9810phenols;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
metabolite
decitabine
[no description available]		2.48202'-deoxyribonucleoside
phorbol-12,13-didecanoate
phorbol-12,13-didecanoate: RN given refers to (1aR-(1a alpha,1b beta,4a beta,7a alpha,7b alpha,8 alpha,9 beta,9a alpha))-isomer		1.9810
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		2.940actinomycinmutagen
melphalan
Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.		1.9810L-phenylalanine derivative;
nitrogen mustard;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.		2.4120amino aldehyde;
carbamate ester;
tripeptide		proteasome inhibitor
phorbol 13-monoacetate
phorbol 13-monoacetate: RN given refers to (1aR-(1aalpha,1bbeta,4abeta,7aalpha,7balpha,8alpha,9beta,9aalpha)-isomer); RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemlne 11/86		2.0110phorbol ester
bromochloroacetic acid
Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.		2.67302-bromocarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
carbenoxolone sodium
Carbenoxolone: An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity.		2.0710triterpenoid
isomethyleugenol
Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		2.8530isomethyleugenol
stilbenes
Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.		3.1410stilbene
picibanil
Picibanil: A lyophilized preparation of a low-virulence strain (SU) of Streptococcus pyogenes (S. hemolyticus), inactivated by heating with penicillin G. It has been proposed as a noncytotoxic antineoplastic agent because of its immune system-stimulating activity.		3.0710penicillinate anion
sorbic acid
Sorbic Acid: Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.. (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid : A sorbic acid having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans. It is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometric isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.. sorbic acid : A hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring.		2.0610alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
sorbic acid
fludarabine
[no description available]		5.9752purine nucleoside
sesquiterpenes
[no description available]		3.830
mercaptopurine
Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.		1.9810aryl thiol;
purines;
thiocarbonyl compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
thioinosine
Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)		210
curcumin
Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.		210aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
thioguanine anhydrous
Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.		1.98102-aminopurinesanticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
tamoxifen
[no description available]		7.3920stilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
maraviroc
[no description available]		2.5320tropane alkaloid
u 0126
U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.4220aryl sulfide;
dinitrile;
enamine;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
osteogenesis regulator;
vasoconstrictor agent
2-chloro-3'-deoxyadenosine
2-chloro-3'-deoxyadenosine: do not confuse with 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine which is CLADRIBINE		2.4220
safingol
safingol: RN given refers to the (R-(R*,S*))-isomer		4.330amino alcohol
amanitins
Amanitins: Cyclic peptides extracted from carpophores of various mushroom species. They are potent inhibitors of RNA polymerases in most eukaryotic species, blocking the production of mRNA and protein synthesis. These peptides are important in the study of transcription. Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanitia phalloides, poisonous if ingested by humans or animals.		210
gnidimacrin
gnidimacrin: a daphnane-type orthoester diterpene similar in structure to phorbols; antileukemic; found in Gnidia, Stellera, Pimelea; structure		3.5320
phosphothreonine
Phosphothreonine: The phosphoric acid ester of threonine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and enzymes.. O-phospho-L-threonine : A L-threonine derivative phosphorylated at the side-chain hydroxy function.		1.9910L-threonine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
O-phosphoamino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite
sb 225002
[no description available]		2.3110nitrophenol
sphingosine
sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.		4.9870sphing-4-eninehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		2.6730prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
calcitriol
dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes		3.2460D3 vitamins;
hydroxycalciol;
triol		antineoplastic agent;
antipsoriatic;
bone density conservation agent;
calcium channel agonist;
calcium channel modulator;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
leukotriene b4
Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.		2.0410dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
leukotriene;
long-chain fatty acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasoconstrictor agent
leukotriene c4
Leukotriene C4: The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene C4 : A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage.		2.6830leukotrienebronchoconstrictor agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
alprostadil
[no description available]		1.9810prostaglandins Eanticoagulant;
human metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
cholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.		2.9140D3 vitamins;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
steroid hormone		geroprotector;
human metabolite
genistein
[no description available]		1.99107-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
mezerein
mezerein: toxic component of plant Daphne mezereum with anti-leukemic activity against P-388 & P-1210 in mice; can act as a tumor promoter; RN given refers to (12beta(E,E))-isomer; structure		3.68100diterpenoid
rottlerin
rottlerin: an angiogenesis inhibitor; an inhibitor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and calmodulin kinase III; RN refers to (E)-isomer; do not confuse this chalcone with an anthraquinone that is also called rottlerin (RN 481-72-1);. rottlerin : A chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis.		3.1150aromatic ketone;
benzenetriol;
chromenol;
enone;
methyl ketone		anti-allergic agent;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
K-ATP channel agonist;
metabolite
picromycin
picromycin: structure. pikromycin : A macrolide antibiotic that is biosynthesised by Streptomyces venezuelae.		2.0410enone;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative		bacterial metabolite
etretinate
retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.		1.9810enoate ester;
ethyl ester;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
levetiracetam
Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.		3.5110pyrrolidin-2-onesanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sirolimus
Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.		3.4811antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
alvocidib
alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.		3.5120dihydroxyflavone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
oregon green 488 carboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.0610xanthene dyeepitope;
fluorochrome
lysophosphatidylcholines
lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.		1.97101-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
calyculin a
calyculin A: RN given refers to (5S-(5alpha(2R*(1S*,3S*,4S*,5R*,6R*,7E,9E,11E,13Z),3R*),7beta(E(S*)),*beta,9alpha))-isomer		2.0210
fosbretabulin
fosbretabulin: a microtubule destabilizing agent isolated from Combretum caffrum; structure in first source		3.1410
12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid
12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid: A lipoxygenase metabolite of ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumor cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274(3):1545-51; J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86(15):1145-51)		1.9910
rubidium
Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.		1.9710alkali metal atom
arsenic
Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.0210metalloid atom;
pnictogen		micronutrient
sulfur
Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.		3.1410chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
geldanamycin
[no description available]		210
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		2.6830cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
isophthalate
isophthalate: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1710dicarboxylic acid dianion
phosphorus
Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.		2.0310monoatomic phosphorus;
nonmetal atom;
pnictogen		macronutrient
kendomycin
kendomycin: structure in first source		3.1510benzofurans
ophiocordin
ophiocordin: metabolite of Cordyceps ophioglossoides		3.110
n-acetylsphingosine
N-acetylsphingosine: inhibits phospholipase D. N-acetylsphingosine : A N-acylsphingosine that has an acetamido group at position 2.		1.9810N-acylsphingosine
apaziquone
apaziquone: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (E)-isomer		3.0910indoles
rifamycin sv
rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties.		3.1910acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol;
rifamycins		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
bacterial metabolite
psammaplin a
psammaplin A: isolated from marine sponges Poecillastra and Jaspis; structure in second source		3.1410
24,25-dihydroxyvitamin d 3
24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3: A physiologically active metabolite of VITAMIN D. The compound is involved in the regulation of calcium metabolism, alkaline phosphatase activity, and enhancing the calcemic effect of CALCITRIOL.		1.9910
1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol
[no description available]		2.67301,2-diglyceride
rhizoxin
rhizoxin: from Rhizopus chinensis; causal agent of rice seedling blight; structure given in first source. rhizoxin : An macrolide antibiotic isolated from the pathogenic plant fungus Rhizopus microsporus. It also exhibits antitumour and antimitotic activity.		5.17311,3-oxazoles;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
bryostatin 2
bryostatin 2: semisynthetic cpd from Ectoprocta (Bryozoa); activates protein kinase C. bryostatin 2 : A member of the class of bryostatins that is bryostatin 1 in which the acetoxy group has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.85120bryostatins;
cyclic hemiketal;
enoate ester;
methyl ester;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
marine metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist
nsc 262266
NSC 262266: structure given in first source		1.9810
rilpivirine
[no description available]		2.1510aminopyrimidine;
nitrile		EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
cyclosporin h
cyclosporin H: non-immunophilin-binding cyclosporin; RN given for (D)-Val		1.9910
lactacystin
[no description available]		7.9140lactam;
S-substituted L-cysteine
sq-23377
Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.		6.74221cyclic ether;
enol;
polyunsaturated fatty acid;
very long-chain fatty acid		calcium ionophore;
metabolite
fumagillin
[no description available]		1.9810antibiotic antifungal drug;
carboxylic ester;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
meroterpenoid;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
spiro-epoxide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
fungal metabolite;
methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor
edatrexate
edatrexate: structure given in first source		3.0910glutamic acid derivative
soblidotin
soblidotin: a dolastatin 10 derivative; RN refers to (2S-(1(1R*(R*),2S*),2R*(1S*,2S*)))-isomer; structure given in first source. soblidotin : A tetrapeptide derivative of dolastatin 10. It is an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization which exhibits potent antitumor activity.		4.4970tetrapeptideantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
microtubule-destabilising agent
laulimalide
laulimalide: isolated from Cacospongia mycofijiensis; structure in first source. laulimalide : A macrolide with formula C30H42O7 that is isolated from the marine sponges, Cacospongia mycofijiensis and Hyattella sp.		3.1610carboxylic ester;
epoxide;
macrolide;
secondary alcohol;
secondary allylic alcohol		animal metabolite;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
marine metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
pep005
3-ingenyl angelate: protein kinase C agonist and antineoplastic; structure in first source		2.7620
panobinostat
Panobinostat: An indole and hydroxamic acid derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used as an antineoplastic agent in combination with BORTEZOMIB and DEXAMETHASONE for the treatment of MULTIPLE MYELOMA.. panobinostat : A hydroxamic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2E)-3-[4-({[2-(2-methylindol-3-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor used (as its lactate salt) in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone for the treatment of multiple myeloma.		5.2750cinnamamides;
hydroxamic acid;
methylindole;
secondary amino compound		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
staurosporine
staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.		11.44180ammonium ion derivative
phosphocreatine
Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group.		210phosphagen;
phosphoamino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
taxane
taxane: produced by Taxomyces andreanae		3.0910diterpene;
terpenoid fundamental parent
sl 327
SL 327: a MEK inhibitor. SL-327 : A nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the hydrogen attached to the same carbon as the cyano group has been replaced by an o-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group, while the remaining hydrogens of the ethenyl group have been replaced by amino and (4-aminophenyl)sulfanyl groups. The configuration of the double bond is not specified. It is an inhibitor of MEK1 and MEK2.		210
braco-19
BRACO-19: structure in first source		2.2510acridines;
N-alkylpyrrolidine
dolastatin 10
dolastatin 10: from mollusk Dolabella auricularia; contains four amino acids, dolavaline, dolaisoleucine, dolaproine, valine and the primary amine dolaphenine; deo-dolastatin 10 is a new dolastatin 10 chiral derivative with MW of 784. dolastatin 10 : A tetrapeptide that is isolated from the sea hare Dolabella auricularia. It is a potent anticancer agent which inhibits tubulin polymerization.		4.99701,3-thiazoles;
tetrapeptide		animal metabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
marine metabolite;
microtubule-destabilising agent
midostaurin
midostaurin : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is the N-benzoyl derivative of staurosporine.		3.1110benzamides;
gamma-lactam;
indolocarbazole;
organic heterooctacyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
efavirenz, emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate drug combination
Efavirenz, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination: Inhibitor of reverse transcriptases or of RNA-directed DNA polymerases.		2.1110
mocetinostat
mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).		2.4320aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
treosulfan
treosulfan: immunosuppressant; RN given refers to (S-(R*,R*))-isomer		2.0210methanesulfonate ester
fr236924
FR236924: structure in first source		2.3110
dolastatin 15
dolastatin 15: from Dolabella auricularia; seven subunit depsipeptide		2.3920
ammonium trichloro(dioxoethylene-o,o'-)tellurate
ammonium trichloro(dioxoethylene-O,O'-)tellurate: has potential therapeutic application; inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and replication		2.940
bryostatin 10
bryostatin 10: isolated from Bugula neritina; structure in first source		2.9740
masitinib
[no description available]		3.51101,3-thiazoles;
benzamides;
N-alkylpiperazine;
pyridines		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
halichondrin b
halichondrin B: from marine sponge Halichondria okadai; binds in the Vinca domain of tubulin		4.0620furopyran
bryostatin 7
bryostatin 7: structure in first source		4.5370
sotrastaurin
sotrastaurin: a potent protein kinase C-selective inhibitor; structure in first source. sotrastaurin : A member of the class of maleimides that is maleimide which is substituted at position 3 by an indol-3-yl group and at position 4 by a quinazolin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted at position 2 by a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein kinase C and has been investigated as an immunosuppresant in renal transplant patients.		2.1310indoles;
maleimides;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinazolines		anticoronaviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
scytophycin c
scytophycin C: structure in first source		3.1910diterpene lactone
onnamide
onnamide: structure given in first source; isolated from marine sponges		3.1210
guanacastepene
guanacastepene: isolated from an unidentified fungus; structure in first source		2.0310
bryostatin 16
bryostatin 16: from Bugula neritina; structure given in first source		3.1350
ucn 1028 c
calphostin C: structure given in first source; isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides		4.750
marizomib
marizomib: a proteasome inhibitor from a marine bacterium Salinospora; structure in first source		4.0820beta-lactone;
gamma-lactam;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
organochlorine compound;
salinosporamide		antineoplastic agent;
proteasome inhibitor
er-086526
eribulin: a halichondrin B derivative that suppresses microtubule growth and acts as an antimitotic agent; structure in first source. eribulin : A fully synthetic macrocyclic ketone analogue of marine sponge natural products. Inhibits growth phase of microtubules via tubulin-based antimitotic mechanism, which leads to G2/M cell-cycle block, disruption of mitotic spindles, and, ultimately, apoptotic cell death after prolonged mitotic blockage		2.0210cyclic ketal;
cyclic ketone;
macrocycle;
polycyclic ether;
polyether;
primary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent
losartan potassium
Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.		1.9810
calcimycin
Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.		3.77110benzoxazole
rifamycins
[no description available]		3.1910
acid phosphatase
Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.		3.0850
discodermolide
discodermolide: a lactone-bearing polyhydroxylated alkatetraene from the marine sponge Discodermia dissoluta; microtubule-stabilizing agent like taxol		3.5520
nad
NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.		1.9810organophosphate oxoanioncofactor;
human metabolite;
hydrogen acceptor;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
neopeltolide
neopeltolide: a macrolide from a lithistid sponge of the family Neopeltidae; structure in first source		4.0720
protein kinase inhibitor peptide
protein kinase inhibitor peptide: 18 amino acid residues given in first source; corresponds to the inhibitory domain of the heat-stable protein kinase inhibitor		1.9910
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		2.89401,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
calpain
Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.		2.0210
largazole
largazole: an antiproliferative agent from Symploca; structure in first source		2.1510
neurotensin
neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91		2.0510peptide hormonehuman metabolite;
mitogen;
neurotransmitter;
vulnerary
glycolipids
[no description available]		1.9710
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		4.5640
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		2.3920
bryostatin 5
bryostatin 5: similar in antineoplastic properties to bryostatin 1; isolated from the bryozoan, Bugula neritina; activates protein kinase C (PKC)		3.7100
kahalalide f
kahalalide F: a cyclodepsipeptide toxin; isolated from a mollusk, Elysia rubefescens; exhibits antitumoral activity against cell lines of colon cancer and prostatic cancer; structure given in first source		3.1810
clavosolide a
clavosolide A: from the Philippines sponge Myriastra clavosa; structure in first source		3.1510
aplysiatoxin
aplysiatoxin: structure. aplysiatoxin : The parent member of the class of aplysiatoxins. It is a cyanotoxin produced by several species of freshwater and marine cyanobacteria, as well as algae and molluscs.		3.5720aplysiatoxins;
bromophenol;
cyclic hemiketal;
ether;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol;
spiroketal		algal metabolite;
carcinogenic agent;
cyanotoxin;
marine metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist
bix 01294
BIX 01294: structure in first source		2.1510
heparitin sulfate
Heparitin Sulfate: A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.		1.9710
novobiocin
Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.		3.0910carbamate ester;
ether;
hexoside;
hydroxycoumarin;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent
salicylates
Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.		2.830monohydroxybenzoateplant metabolite
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		2.0610benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
epidermal growth factor
Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.		3.0750
brevetoxin
brevetoxin: from Ptychodiscus brevis		3.1310
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		2.3920
okadaic acid
Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells.		4.7190ketal
a-1155463
A-1155463: a Bcl-X(L) inhibitor; structure in first source		2.3110
cyclin d1
Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.		2.0110
aprinocarsen
ISIS 3521: 20-nucleotide phosphorothioate antisense molecule that targets protein kinase C-alpha isoenzyme		4.0220
transforming growth factor alpha
Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR.		1.9810
rifamycin s
rifamycin S: structure		3.1910
cyclosporine
Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).		2.6830
lactoferrin
Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.		1.9710
amyloid beta-peptides
amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined		2.1710
chondroitin sulfates
Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.		1.9710
tetra(4-n-methylpyridyl)porphine
tetra(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphine: structure in first source		2.2510
guanosine triphosphate
Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		2.3820guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
inosine
[no description available]		2.0610inosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate)
Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.		2.420nucleoside triphosphate analogue
dacarbazine
(E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		3.0910dacarbazine
raltitrexed
[no description available]		3.0910N-acyl-amino acid
cephalostatin i
cephalostatin I: two steroid units are annulated to a 1,4-pyrazine ring; RN given for (3'R-(3'alpha(R*),4'alpha,4'abeta,6'balpha,8'abeta,11'aalpha,11'bbeta,13'alpha,13'aalpha,13'bbeta,14'beta,15'alpha(3*R*,5''S*),16'abeta,17'balpha,19'abeta,22'aalpha,22'bbeta,24'aR'*))-isomer; structure in first source		3.1810
eye
[no description available]		2.0310
concanavalin a
Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.		210
phosphorus radioisotopes
Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.		2.0110
pyrimidinones
Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.		1.9710
spirastrellolide a
spirastrellolide A: an antimitotic macrolide isolated from the Caribbean marine sponge Spirastrella coccinea; structure in first source		3.1410
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.		2.7730acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate
Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.		2.0510butyrate ester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
1,2-dioctanoylglycerol
1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol : 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol in which both the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as octanoyl. Formula C19H36O5.		2.05101,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol;
dioctanoylglycerol
latrunculin a
latrunculin A: 16-membered macrolide attached to 2-thiazolidinone moiety; from Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica; see also latrunculin B; structure given in first source. latrunculin A : A bicyclic macrolide natural product consisting of a 16-membered bicyclic lactone attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety. It is obtained from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica and from the Fiji Islands sponge Cacospongia mycofijiensis. Latrunculin A inhibits actin polymerisation, microfilament organsation and microfilament-mediated processes.		2.0210cyclic hemiketal;
macrolide;
oxabicycloalkane;
thiazolidinone		actin polymerisation inhibitor;
metabolite;
toxin
bryostatin 2
bryostatin 2: semisynthetic cpd from Ectoprocta (Bryozoa); activates protein kinase C. bryostatin 2 : A member of the class of bryostatins that is bryostatin 1 in which the acetoxy group has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.1310bryostatins;
cyclic hemiketal;
enoate ester;
methyl ester;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
marine metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		01.9710
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		01.9710
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		09.4301
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		09.4301
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		08.52192
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		110.52192
AIDS Seroconversion
[description not available]		03.6550
Apoplexy
[description not available]		02.830
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction
[description not available]		02.8730
Cerebral Infarction
The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).		02.8730
Stroke
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)		02.830
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		03.3860
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion
[description not available]		02.920
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		03.3860
Intestinal Diseases
Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.		02.610
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.		02.8130
Reperfusion Injury
Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.		02.920
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System
[description not available]		03.4520
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
[description not available]		02.610
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)		02.610
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.		03.4520
Cognition Disorders
Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.		04.4741
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		04.01140
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		0133011
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		04.01140
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		1153011
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V)		02.2510
Fra(X) Syndrome
[description not available]		02.8330
Fragile X Syndrome
A condition characterized genotypically by mutation of the distal end of the long arm of the X chromosome (at gene loci FRAXA or FRAXE) and phenotypically by cognitive impairment, hyperactivity, SEIZURES, language delay, and enlargement of the ears, head, and testes. INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY occurs in nearly all males and roughly 50% of females with the full mutation of FRAXA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p226)		02.8330
Cerebral Concussion
[description not available]		02.2510
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		04.11140
Brain Concussion
A nonspecific term used to describe transient alterations or loss of consciousness following closed head injuries. The duration of UNCONSCIOUSNESS generally lasts a few seconds, but may persist for several hours. Concussions may be classified as mild, intermediate, and severe. Prolonged periods of unconsciousness (often defined as greater than 6 hours in duration) may be referred to as post-traumatic coma (COMA, POST-HEAD INJURY). (From Rowland, Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p418)		02.2510
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		02.5220
Animal Mammary Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.3110
Refractory Depression
[description not available]		02.1510
Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant
Failure to respond to two or more trials of antidepressant monotherapy or failure to respond to four or more trials of different antidepressant therapies. (Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary, 9th ed.)		02.1510
Anasarca
[description not available]		02.4320
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		06.2781
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		02.4320
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		06.2781
Carcinogenesis
The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.		02.1710
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		08.8421
Aspiculariasis
[description not available]		02.1710
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		03.8421
Allergic Encephalomyelitis
[description not available]		02.1710
MS (Multiple Sclerosis)
[description not available]		02.9830
Multiple Sclerosis
An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)		02.9830
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.2110
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		02.2110
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		02.2110
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		02.2110
Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain
[description not available]		02.0810
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		03.6530
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain
A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.		02.0810
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		04.92140
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		04.92140
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney
[description not available]		05.8955
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		06.0465
Sarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		05.0133
Carcinoma, Renal Cell
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.		05.8955
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		06.0465
Sarcoma
A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.		05.0133
Blast Injuries
Injuries resulting when a person is struck by particles impelled with violent force from an explosion. Blast causes pulmonary concussion and hemorrhage, laceration of other thoracic and abdominal viscera, ruptured ear drums, and minor effects in the central nervous system. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.1110
Acute Brain Injuries
[description not available]		02.4920
Brain Injuries
Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.		02.4920
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		03.6330
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		03.6330
Academic Disorder, Developmental
[description not available]		02.1110
Learning Disabilities
Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.		02.1110
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		04.4311
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		04.4311
Chickungunya Fever
[description not available]		02.5320
Age-Related Memory Disorders
[description not available]		02.1310
Memory Disorders
Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.		02.1310
Anoxemia
[description not available]		02.4520
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		02.4620
Hypoxia
Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.		02.4520
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		06.59191
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		03.69100
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		06.59191
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.		04.7770
Metastase
[description not available]		012.0994
Angiogenesis, Pathologic
[description not available]		02.9610
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		07.0994
Recrudescence
[description not available]		04.3722
Lymphocytopenia
[description not available]		03.4311
B-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		09.9181
Lymphopenia
Reduction in the number of lymphocytes.		03.4311
Lymphoma, B-Cell
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.		04.9181
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic
[description not available]		02.9240
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive
Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.		02.9240
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		07.98104
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		05.2441
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		07.98104
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		05.2441
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		04.3470
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		04.3470
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		02.7230
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.2760
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		02.7230
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
[description not available]		03.4611
Epithelial Neoplasms
[description not available]		05.0233
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		05.6754
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		07.8799
Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
A malignant neoplasm that originates in cells on the surface EPITHELIUM of the ovary and is the most common form of ovarian cancer. There are five histologic subtypes: papillary serous, endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell, and transitional cell. Mutations in BRCA1, OPCML, PRKN, PIK3CA, AKT1, CTNNB1, RRAS2, and CDH1 genes are associated with this cancer.		03.4611
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		05.6754
Amyloid Deposits
[description not available]		02.0610
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		012.0994
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		07.0994
African Lymphoma
[description not available]		03.8840
Burkitt Lymphoma
A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.		03.8840
Diffuse Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Poorly-Differentiated
[description not available]		02.4820
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		014.78295
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell
A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.		09.78295
Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell
A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. It accounts for about 5% of adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States and Europe. The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1).		02.4820
Neuroblastoma
A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)		08.0950
Cancer of Esophagus
[description not available]		06.6343
Esophageal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.		06.6343
Granulocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		07.07191
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		05.6971
Leukemia, Myeloid
Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.		07.07191
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
[description not available]		04.6561
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.		04.6561
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		08.1776
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.		08.1776
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		07.5287
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		04.7321
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		04.7321
Kahler Disease
[description not available]		04.6532
Multiple Myeloma
A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		09.6532
Carcinoma, Oat Cell
[description not available]		02.420
Carcinoma, Small Cell
An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)		02.420
Dermatitis Medicamentosa
[description not available]		02.0110
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		02.4120
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		02.4120
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
[description not available]		03.411
Peritoneal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.		03.411
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		07.4265
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		05.7842
Anemia
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.		04.3522
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		07.4265
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		05.7842
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		04.12160
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.		04.12160
Ache
[description not available]		05.7842
Emesis
[description not available]		02.9310
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		02.9310
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		05.7842
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		02.9310
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		03.93130
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute
An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.		03.93130
Leukemia P388
An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.		03.2360
Basophilic Leukemia, Acute
[description not available]		02.0210
Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute
A rare acute myeloid leukemia in which the primary differentiation is to BASOPHILS. It is characterized by an extreme increase of immature basophilic granulated cells in the bone marrow and blood. Mature basophils are usually sparse.		02.0210
AIDS-Associated Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.9410
Lymphoma, AIDS-Related
B-cell lymphoid tumors that occur in association with AIDS. Patients often present with an advanced stage of disease and highly malignant subtypes including BURKITT LYMPHOMA; IMMUNOBLASTIC LARGE-CELL LYMPHOMA; PRIMARY EFFUSION LYMPHOMA; and DIFFUSE, LARGE B-CELL, LYMPHOMA. The tumors are often disseminated in unusual extranodal sites and chromosomal abnormalities are frequently present. It is likely that polyclonal B-cell lymphoproliferation in AIDS is a complex result of EBV infection, HIV antigenic stimulation, and T-cell-dependent HIV activation.		02.9410
Lymph Node Metastasis
[description not available]		04.3311
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor
A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.		02.0310
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		03.6230
Fibrosarcoma
A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.0310
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		03.580
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse
Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.		03.580
Adenoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		02.0410
Adenoma
A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		02.0410
Di Guglielmo Disease
[description not available]		02.6730
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute
A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.		02.6730
Periphlebitis
Periphlebitis is inflammation of the outer coat of a vein or of tissues surrounding the vein.		04.3422
Phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein, often a vein in the leg. Phlebitis associated with a blood clot is called (THROMBOPHLEBITIS).		04.3422
EHS Tumor
[description not available]		02.940
Cancer of Sigmoid
[description not available]		01.9810
Hairy Cell Leukemia
[description not available]		02.6830
Leukemia, Hairy Cell
A neoplastic disease of the lymphoreticular cells which is considered to be a rare type of chronic leukemia; it is characterized by an insidious onset, splenomegaly, anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, little or no lymphadenopathy, and the presence of hairy or flagellated cells in the blood and bone marrow.		02.6830
Leukemia, Megakaryocytic
[description not available]		01.9810
Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute
An acute myeloid leukemia in which 20-30% of the bone marrow or peripheral blood cells are of megakaryocyte lineage. MYELOFIBROSIS or increased bone marrow RETICULIN is common.		01.9810
Germinoblastoma
[description not available]		04.6461
Lymphoma
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.		04.6461
Familial Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinaemia
[description not available]		01.9810
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
A lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by pleomorphic B-LYMPHOCYTES including PLASMA CELLS, with increased levels of monoclonal serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. There is lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration into bone marrow and often other tissues, also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Clinical features include ANEMIA; HEMORRHAGES; and hyperviscosity.		01.9810
Cell Transformation, Viral
An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.		01.9810
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		04.2841
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		04.2841
Mesothelioma
A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.3711
Leukemia, Acute Monocytic
[description not available]		02.9240
Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute
An acute myeloid leukemia in which 80% or more of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage including monoblasts, promonocytes, and MONOCYTES.		02.9240
Weight Reduction
[description not available]		02.3920
Weight Loss
Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.		02.3920
Cancer of Head
[description not available]		04.8542
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)		04.8542
Insulin Sensitivity
[description not available]		01.9910
Insulin Resistance
Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.		01.9910
Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous
Disappearance of a neoplasm or neoplastic state without the intervention of therapy.		02.4220
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes
[description not available]		03.320
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.		03.320
Leukemia, Lymphocytic
[description not available]		01.9910
Leukemia, Lymphoid
Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.		01.9910
Muscle Disorders
[description not available]		03.3811
Muscular Diseases
Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.		03.3811
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		02.4220
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		01.9910
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		01.9910
Papilloma, Squamous Cell
[description not available]		0210
Papilloma
A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)		0710
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, M4
[description not available]		0210
Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute
A pediatric acute myeloid leukemia involving both myeloid and monocytoid precursors. At least 20% of non-erythroid cells are of monocytic origin.		0210
Thrombopenia
[description not available]		04.3522
Thrombocytopenia
A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.		04.3522
Aberrant Tissue
[description not available]		0210
Leukemia, Pre-B-Cell
[description not available]		02.4620
Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and adolescents and characterized by a high number of lymphoblasts and solid tumor lesions. Frequent sites involve LYMPH NODES, skin, and bones. It most commonly presents as leukemia.		02.4620
Lassitude
[description not available]		03.3911
Nervous System Disorders
[description not available]		03.3911
Fatigue
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.		03.3911
Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.		03.3911
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.940
P carinii Pneumonia
[description not available]		0210
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis
A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.		0210
Bone Cancer
[description not available]		03.3911
Bone Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.		03.3911
Mast-Cell Sarcoma
A unifocal malignant tumor that consists of atypical pathological MAST CELLS without systemic involvement. It causes local destructive growth in organs other than in skin or bone marrow.		01.9810
Experimental Hepatoma
[description not available]		01.9810
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		01.9810
Salmonella Infections, Animal
Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.		01.9810
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		01.9810
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		01.9810
Experimental Leukemia
[description not available]		02.6630
Cancer of Pituitary
[description not available]		02.3720
Pituitary Neoplasms
Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.		02.3720
Myelomonocytic Leukemia, Chronic
[description not available]		01.9710
Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic
A myelodysplastic-myeloproliferative disease characterized by monocytosis, increased monocytes in the bone marrow, variable degrees of dysplasia, but an absence of immature granulocytes in the blood.		01.9710
B-Cell Leukemia
[description not available]		01.9710
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.		02.7130
ATLL
[description not available]		01.9710
Prolymphocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		01.9710
Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell
Aggressive T-Cell malignancy with adult onset, caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. It is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin, Southeastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa.		01.9710
Leukemia, Prolymphocytic
A chronic leukemia characterized by a large number of circulating prolymphocytes. It can arise spontaneously or as a consequence of transformation of CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA.		01.9710
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.		01.9710
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4110
Demyelinating Diseases
Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.		02.4110
Central Nervous System Disease
[description not available]		03.1710
Central Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.		03.1710
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		02.4720
Astrocytosis
[description not available]		02.0810
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		02.4720
Agrammatic Broca Aphasia
[description not available]		02.1110
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		02.1110
Brain Hemorrhage
[description not available]		02.1110
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.		02.1110
Intracranial Hemorrhages
Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.		02.1110
Acquired-Immune Deficiency Syndrome Dementia Complex
[description not available]		02.0710
AIDS Dementia Complex
A neurologic condition associated with the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and characterized by impaired concentration and memory, slowness of hand movements, ATAXIA, incontinence, apathy, and gait difficulties associated with HIV-1 viral infection of the central nervous system. Pathologic examination of the brain reveals white matter rarefaction, perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes, foamy macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp760-1; N Engl J Med, 1995 Apr 6;332(14):934-40)		02.0710