manganese profile

Manganese is a transition metal that is essential for human health. It is found in many enzymes, including those involved in metabolism, bone formation, and immune function. Manganese is also important for the production of energy in the body. Manganese is obtained through the diet, with good sources including nuts, seeds, whole grains, and leafy green vegetables. Manganese deficiency is rare, but can lead to problems with bone growth, blood sugar control, and immune function. Excessive manganese intake can also be harmful, and can lead to neurological problems. Manganese is studied for its potential to prevent and treat various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease.'

Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035) [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Products

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	23930
CHEBI ID	18291
CHEBI ID	35154
CHEBI ID	33011
CHEBI ID	25158
MeSH ID	M0012987

Synonym
AKOS015833390
25mn
manganeso
manganese atom
CHEBI:18291 ,
mangan
manganum
mangan [polish]
cutaval
hsdb 550
manganese fume
tronamang
manganese, elemental
magnacat
mangan nitridovany [czech]
ccris 1579
einecs 231-105-1
manganide(-i)
mn(iv)
CHEBI:35154 ,
mn(0)
manganese(4+)
CHEBI:33011
manganese(1-)
colloidal manganese
mn(4+)
manganese, ion (mn1-)
manganese(4+) ion
manganide(1-)
manganese(iv) cation
manganese(0)
manganide
CHEBI:25158
mn(-)
manganese (ii) ion
MN ,
7439-96-5
manganese
C00034
mn3 ,
manganese, powder, >=99.9% trace metals basis
manganese, powder, -325 mesh, >=99% trace metals basis
manganese, chips, thickness <2.0 mm, 99%
manganese ion(4 )
manganese, ion (mn4 )
mn4
manganese(iv)
manganese(4 )
manganese, ion (mn(7+))
manganese(7+)
M008000000
N450 ,
hsdb 6945
42z2k6zl8p ,
manganese-55
teprosyn m
manganese element
ec 231-105-1
mne 06pb
mangan nitridovany
unii-42z2k6zl8p
FT-0689227
manganese [mart.]
manganese [mi]
manganese [hsdb]
manganum metallicum [hpus]
manganese [vandf]
manganese [who-dd]
manganum metallicum
manganese powder , -325 mesh, =99% trace metals basis
manganese powder, aps <10 micron
manganese powder, 99.9% (metal basis)
Q731
manganese (0)
PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
manganese granules, 0.8-3mm (0.03-0.12in)
manganese sputtering target, 50.8mm (2.0in) dia x 6.35mm (0.250in) thick
manganese powder, -325 mesh
manganese pieces, irregular
manganese sputtering target, 76.2mm (3.0in) dia x 3.18mm (0.125in) thick
manganese powder, -140+325 mesh
mfcd00011111
manganese chips
manganese powder
manganese standard for ic, certified reference material, ready-to-use, traceable to bam
manganese standard for aas, ready-to-use, traceable to bam, in nitric acid
manganese standard for icp, for icp, ready-to-use, traceable to bam, in nitric acid
manganese, rod, 10mm, diameter 4.0mm, cast, 99.5%
manganese, rod, 50mm, diameter 4.0mm, cast, 99.5%
manganese, foil, thickness 0.016 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 98.7%
manganese, flake, 25 mm, weight 100 g, purity 99.95%
manganese, rod, 47mm, diameter 2.0mm, cast, 99.5%
manganese, powder, max. particle size 300 micron, weight 500 g, purity 99.5%
manganese, powder, 45 max. part. size (micron), weight 2000 g, purity 99.5%
manganese, rod, 50mm, diameter 6.35mm, cast, 99.5%
manganese, powder, max. particle size 45 micron, weight 500 g, purity 99.5%
manganese, powder, max. particle size 300 micron, weight 100 g, purity 99.5%
manganese, powder, max. particle size 45 micron, weight 200 g, purity 99.5%
manganese, powder, max. particle size 45 micron, weight 1000 g, purity 99.5%
manganese, powder, max. particle size 300 micron, weight 200 g, purity 99.5%
manganese, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 2mm, hot-pressed, 99.95%
manganese, flake, weight 200 g, 25 mm, purity 99.95%
manganese, powder, max. particle size 45 micron, weight 100 g, purity 99.5%
manganese, powder, 300 max. part. size (micron), weight 1000 g, purity 99.5%
manganese, foil, thickness 0.016 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 98.7%
manganese, rod, 2.0 mm diameter, length 52 mm, purity 99.5%
manganese, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 2mm, hot-pressed, 99.95%
manganese, flake, 25 mm, weight 50 g, purity 99.95%
manganese, rod, length 25 mm, 2.0 mm diameter, purity 99.5%
manganese, powder, 300 max. part. size (micron), weight 2000 g, purity 99.5%
manganese, rod, 35mm, diameter 2.0mm, cast, 99.5%
manganese, 99%
DTXSID2024169 ,
manganese (iv)
YZTQKMVBEGUONQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Q27115185
Q27109868
manganese metal
DTXSID801314870
dietary manganese
manganese (mart.)
manganese metal: colloidal manganese
dtxcid004169
sulfur-free manganese standard: mn @ 1000 microg/g in hydrocarbon oil
manganese hollow cathode lamp: 2.0 diameter, 9-pin, non-coded
sulfur-free manganese standard: mn @ 5000 microg/g in hydrocarbon oil
manganese hollow cathode lamp: 1.5 diameter, 2-pin, non-coded
manganese hollow cathode lamp: 2.0 diameter, 4-pin, cableless
manganese - mn @ 1000 microg/g in hydrocarbon oil
manganese - mn @ 5000 microg/g in hydrocarbon oil
manganese aa standard: mn @ 1000 microg/ml in 5% hno3
manganese standard: mn @ 10 microg/ml in 2% hno3
manganese standard: mn @ 10000 microg/ml in 5% hno3
manganese internal standard: mn @ 0.05 wt% in mineral oil
manganese standard: mn @ 1000 microg/ml in 5% hno3
manganese - mn @ 1000 microg/ml in 5% hno3

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Manganese (Mn) is a biologically important and redox-active metal that may exert a poorly recognized control on carbon (C) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. "	( A Critical Review on the Multiple Roles of Manganese in Stabilizing and Destabilizing Soil Organic Matter. Butler, K; Herndon, E; Li, H; Santos, F, 2021)	2.33
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element for bone growth, and its deficiency has been shown to increase the incidence of leg abnormalities in fast-growing broilers, such as tibial dyschondroplasia (TD). "	( Manganese deficiency induces avian tibial dyschondroplasia by inhibiting chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Wang, CY; Wang, L; Wang, ZY; Xia, WH, 2021)	3.51
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient but excessive levels induce neurotoxic effects. "	( YAC128 mouse model of Huntington disease is protected against subtle chronic manganese (Mn)-induced behavioral and neuropathological changes. Bowman, AB; Cox, EC; Debbiche, IF; Erikson, KM; Harrison, FE; Pfalzer, AC; Tienda, AA; Totten, MS; Wilcox, JM, 2021)	2.29
"Manganese (Mn) is a crucial trace element for poultry nutrition, and its deficiency compromises tibial cartilage development, leading to perosis and a higher incidence of slipped tendon. "	( Enhanced Extracellular Matrix Degradation in Growth Plate Contributes to Manganese Deficiency-Induced Tibial Dyschondroplasia in Broiler Chicks. Dong, PF; Jin, C; Lian, CY; Wang, L; Wang, ZY, 2022)	2.4
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal, which at high exposures causes neurotoxic effects and neurodegeneration. "	( Gut Microbiota as a Potential Player in Mn-Induced Neurotoxicity. Aschner, M; Avila, DS; Bowman, AB; Gritsenko, VA; Lee, E; Martins, AC; Santamaria, A; Skalny, AV; Tinkov, AA, 2021)	2.06
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal in humans and animals. "	( Heat shock proteins took part in oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory injury via NF-κB pathway in excess manganese-treated chicken livers. Cui, J; Du, Y; Liu, Y; Teng, X; Yu, M; Zhang, Z, 2021)	2.28
"Manganese is an essential trace element that in high doses exerts neurotoxic effects."	( Critical Involvement of Glial Cells in Manganese Neurotoxicity. Ortega, A; Soto-Verdugo, J, 2021)	1.61
"Manganese is an essential trace metal. "	( The role of manganese dysregulation in neurological disease: emerging evidence. Barral, S; Budinger, D; Kurian, MA; Soo, AKS, 2021)	2.44
"Manganese is an endogenous paramagnetic metal able to produce a positive contrast like gadolinium, but it is thought to result in less toxicity for the human body."	( Development of an Effective Tumor-Targeted Contrast Agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Based on Mn/H-Ferritin Nanocomplexes. Bellini, M; Colombo, M; D'Arienzo, M; Degrassi, A; Fiandra, L; Garbujo, S; Prosperi, D; Rotem, R; Salvioni, L; Testa, F; Tullio, C, 2021)	1.34
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient for all living organisms. "	( Ca Deng, J; Fu, D; Gong, Z; Javed, L; Ju, C; Kudla, J; Miao, C; Wallrad, L; Wang, C; Wang, Z; Zhang, T; Zhang, Z, 2022)	2.16
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element for broiler chickens; its deficiency causes tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) characterized by lameness and growth retardation. "	( Effects of Inorganic and Organic Manganese Supplementation on Growth Performance, Tibia Development, and Oxidative Stress in Broiler Chickens. Tang, L; Wang, L; Wang, ZY; Xia, WH, 2022)	2.45
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element. "	( The association of bone and blood manganese with motor function in Chinese workers. Fan, Q; Li, Y; Liu, Y; Mostafaei, F; Nie, LH; Rolle-McFarland, D; Wells, EM; Zauber, SE; Zheng, W; Zhou, Y, 2022)	2.44
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element required for various biological processes. "	( Manganese transport in mammals by zinc transporter family proteins, ZNT and ZIP. Fujishiro, H; Kambe, T, 2022)	3.61
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal for many functions in the body. "	( Protective Effects of Probucol on Different Brain Cells Exposed to Manganese. Baptistella, AR; da Silva, EB; de Carvalho, D; Eichwald, T; Glaser, V; Remor, AP; Varela, KG, 2022)	2.4
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient but is neurotoxic in excess. "	( Manganese-induced hyperactivity and dopaminergic dysfunction depend on age, sex and YAC128 genotype. Bowman, AB; Calipari, ES; Consoli, DC; Harrison, FE; Paffenroth, KC; Spitznagel, BD; Wilcox, JM, 2022)	3.61
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element in the human body, and it has a significant impact on cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels. "	( Association between Dietary Manganese Intake and Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease in Japanese Population: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. Cui, R; Eshak, ES; Iso, H; Meishuo, O; Muraki, I; Shirai, K; Tamakoshi, A, 2022)	2.46
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace metal element required for optimal human health. "	( Geographical, Sex, Age, and Seasonal Differences in Serum Manganese Status Among Chinese Adults with Hypertension. Chen, H; Chen, P; Cui, Z; Duan, Y; Huang, X; Huo, Y; Li, J; Lin, T; Liu, L; Lu, W; Qin, X; Song, Y; Tang, G; Wang, B; Wang, J; Wang, P; Wang, Z; Xu, X; Yang, Y; Zhang, H; Zhang, N; Zhang, Y; Zhou, Z, 2023)	2.6
"Manganese is a vital heavy metal abundant in terrestrial and aquatic environments. "	( Anaerobic microbial manganese oxidation and reduction: A critical review. Cai, C; Dang, CC; Ding, J; Liu, BF; Ren, NQ; Tian, N; Wang, Q; Wang, X; Xie, GJ; Xing, DF, 2022)	2.49
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential mineral, but excess exposure can cause dopaminergic neurotoxicity. "	( BTBD9 attenuates manganese-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity by regulating insulin growth factor signaling pathway. Aschner, M; Bornhorst, J; Bowman, AB; Chen, P; Cheng, H; Ke, T; Lee, KH; Li, S; Li, Y; Schwerdtle, T; Yang, B; Yang, X; Zheng, F, 2022)	2.5
"Manganese is an element essential for living organisms. "	( [The mechanism of microbial removal of Mn(Ⅱ) and its influencing factors: a review]. Huang, X; Liang, K; Nong, X; Tie, W; Zhao, Y, 2022)	2.16
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace metal and a neurotoxicant. "	( Longitudinal analyses of maternal and cord blood manganese levels and neurodevelopment in children up to 3 years of age: The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). Eguchi, A; Kamijima, M; Mori, C; Nakayama, SF; Sakurai, K; Sekiyama, M; Yamamoto, M, 2022)	2.42
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element, but excessive exposure can damage mental, cognitive, and motor functions. "	( Neurotoxicity and gene expression alterations in zebrafish larvae in response to manganese exposure. Liao, G; Meng, X; Peng, T; Xiang, Y; Xu, Y; Zou, F, 2022)	2.39
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element acting as a co-factor of superoxide dismutase, and it is potentially beneficial for cardiometabolic health by reducing oxidative stress. "	( Manganese Exposure and Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Chan, KY; Lo, K; Wong, MMH, 2022)	3.61
"Manganese is an essential element for maintaining life. "	( Molecular physiology of manganese in insects. Cooper, RL; Pankau, C, 2022)	2.47
"Manganese neurotoxicity is a hallmark of hypermanganesemia with dystonia 2, an inherited manganese transporter defect caused by mutations in SLC39A14. "	( Loss of slc39a14 causes simultaneous manganese hypersensitivity and deficiency in zebrafish. Bianco, IH; Busch-Nentwich, EM; Dadswell, C; González-Méndez, R; Houart, C; Neuhauss, SCF; Niklaus, S; Rihel, J; Sealy, IM; Trivedi, C; Tuschl, K; Valdivia, LE; White, RJ; Wilson, SW, 2022)	2.44
"Manganese is a crucial trace element that constitutes the cofactors of many enzymes. "	( Transcriptome Analysis and SNP Identification Reveal That Heterologous Overexpression of Two Uncharacterized Genes Enhances the Tolerance of Magnaporthe oryzae to Manganese Toxicity. Li, C; Liu, L; Ma, C; Pu, X; Qu, H; Wang, Y; Wei, M; Wu, Q; Zhang, K, 2022)	2.36
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element that is supplemented in microbial media with varying benefits across species and growth conditions. "	( Manganese Modulates Metabolic Activity and Redox Homeostasis in Translationally Blocked Bachmann, H; Bachtiar, SA; Boeren, S; Kleerebezem, M; Nugroho, ADW; van Olst, B, 2022)	3.61
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace metal element that is associated with diabetes; however, the results of previous studies are inconsistent. "	( Association between serum manganese levels and diabetes in Chinese adults with hypertension. Chen, H; Chen, P; Cui, Z; Duan, Y; Huang, X; Lin, T; Liu, L; Lu, W; Qin, X; Song, F; Song, Y; Tang, G; Wang, B; Wang, J; Wang, P; Wang, Z; Xu, X; Yang, Y; Zhang, H; Zhang, N; Zhou, Z, 2022)	2.46
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential microelement for broiler breeding and its deficiency causes tibial dyschondroplasia (TD). "	( HIF-1α upregulation exerts the antagonistic effect against angiogenesis inhibition in manganese deficiency-induced tibial dyschondroplasia of broiler chicks. Dong, PF; Jin, C; Lu, L; Wang, ZY, 2022)	2.39
"Manganese (Mn) is an important micronutrient that is not readily available to pathogens during infection. "	( Mn uptake system affects the virulence of Streptococcus suis by mediating oxidative stress. Bei, W; Chen, H; Li, X; Peng, W; Wang, N; Wang, Y; Yang, X; Yuan, F, 2022)	2.16
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential cofactor for many enzymes and plays an important role in normal growth and development. "	( Role of p53 methylation in manganese-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in BV2 microglial cells. Cai, T; Duan, C; Han, F; Ji, A; Li, Y; Liu, X; Tang, Y; Wang, C; Wu, L; Xiang, Y; Yao, C, 2022)	2.46
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential ubiquitous transition metal and, when occupationally or environmentally overexposed, a well-known risk factor for several neurological pathologies. "	( Manganese-Induced Toxicity in Aschner, M; Bornhorst, J; Gasparoni, G; Nicolai, MM; Pirritano, M; Simon, M, 2022)	3.61
"Manganese (Mn) is known to be an active contributor to processing and cycling of soil organic carbon (C), yet the exact mechanisms behind its interactions with C are poorly understood. "	( Distribution of Mn Oxidation States in Grassland Soils and Their Relationships with Soil Pores. Guber, AK; Kravchenko, AN; Lee, JH; Richardson, JA, 2022)	2.16
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential microelement, but overaccumulation is harmful to many plant species. "	( The vacuolar transporter LaMTP8.1 detoxifies manganese in leaves of Lupinus albus. Alejandro-Martinez, S; Fermum, J; Ludewig, U; Olt, P; Peiter, E; Ramos, E, 2022)	2.42
"Manganese is a paramagnetic element suitable for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of neuronal function. "	( The innovative Barbaro, F; Canton, L; Carante, MP; Colombi, A; De Nardo, L; Fontana, A; Meléndez-Alafort, L, 2023)	2.35
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element that participates in various physiological and pathological processes. "	( Manganese-induced neuronal apoptosis: new insights into the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in regulating autophagy-related proteins. Ju, R; Liu, C, 2023)	3.8
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal for plant growth. "	( Manganese concentration affects chloroplast structure and the photosynthetic apparatus in Marchantia polymorpha. Gakière, B; Gall, A; Guérard, F; Hani, U; Hennebelle, T; Krieger-Liszkay, A; Messant, M; Thomine, S, 2023)	3.8
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient for plants, whereas excess Mn(II) in soils leads to its toxicity to crops. "	( More negative charges on roots enhanced manganese(II) uptake in leguminous and non-leguminous poaceae crops. Dong, G; Li, JY; Lu, HL; Nkoh, JN; Xu, RK, 2023)	2.62
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element that has been shown to attenuate the adverse effects of heat stress in the heart of broiler breeders and embryos. "	( Manganese alleviates heat stress of primary cultured chick embryonic myocardial cells via enhancing manganese superoxide dismutase expression and attenuating heat shock response. Guo, Y; Huang, L; Liao, X; Lu, L; Luo, X; Qin, S; Xi, L; Zhang, L, 2023)	3.8
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for life that may induce changes in blood pressure (BP), but the direction of the association is unclear."	( Association of blood manganese concentrations with 24-h based brachial and central blood pressure, and pulse-wave velocity. Banegas, JR; Carrasco-Rios, M; García-Esquinas, E; Graciani, A; Ortolá, R; Rodríguez-Artalejo, F; Sotos-Prieto, M, 2023)	1.95
"Manganese (Mn) is an important trace element for laying hen's nutrition, which is required in small amounts in the diet. "	( Effect of organic and inorganic manganese supplementation on performance and eggshell quality in aged laying hens. Barzegar, N; Hassanabadi, A; Zarghi, H, 2023)	2.64
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element and is generally considered to be one of the least toxic metals to aquatic organisms, with chronic effects rarely seen at concentrations below 1000 µg/L. "	( Adult Corals Are Uniquely More Sensitive to Manganese Than Coral Early-Life Stages. Binet, MT; Golding, LA; Humphrey, C; McKnight, K; Reichelt-Brushett, A; Stauber, JL, 2023)	2.61
"Manganese is a common component of human joint supplements and may be a source of ingestion and subsequent toxicosis in dogs. "	( Successful Management of Severe Manganese Toxicosis in Two Dogs. Hoffman, L; Southern, C; Wolf, J, 2023)	2.64
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient in plants. "	( CBL1/9-CIPK23-NRAMP1 axis regulates manganese toxicity. Fu, D; Huang, P; Ju, C; Ma, X; Wang, C; Wang, Z; Xie, D; Zhang, Z; Zhao, Y, 2023)	2.63
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for humans and animals including, fish. "	( Multi biomarker approach to assess manganese and manganese nanoparticles toxicity in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Kumar, N; Reddy, KS; Thorat, ST, 2023)	2.63
"Manganese is an essential trace element; nevertheless, on conditions of overload, it becomes toxic, with neurotoxicity being the main concern. "	( Impact of Manganese and Chromate on Specific DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Pathways. Haberland, VMM; Hartwig, A; Iliakis, G; Magin, S, 2023)	2.76
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient, but is toxic in excess. "	( Metal-ion transporter SLC39A8 is required for brain manganese uptake and accumulation. Fukada, T; Hojyo, S; Jenkitkasemwong, S; Knutson, MD; Liu, Q; McCabe, SM; Prami, TA; Zhao, N, 2023)	2.6
"Manganese (Mn) is a critical element in soils, essential to plant growth. "	( Manganese losses induced by severe soil acidification in the extensive Lei bamboo (Phyllostachys violascens) plantation stands in Eastern China. Chai, Y; Gui, R; Li, Z; Shan, S; Wong, MH; Yuan, M; Zong, Y, 2023)	3.8
"Manganese is a diet-derived micronutrient that is essential for critical cellular processes like redox homeostasis, protein glycosylation, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. "	( Hepatobiliary manganese homeostasis is dynamic in the setting of inflammation or infection in mice. Culotta, V; Melia, J; Sunuwar, L; Tomar, V; Wildeman, A, 2023)	2.71
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient required for fundamental cell functions and vital physiological processes. "	( In vitro studies of manganese transport and homeostasis. Kim, S; Seo, YA, 2023)	2.68
"Manganese (Mn) is an abundant element used for commercial purposes and is essential for the proper function of biological systems. "	( Probucol neuroprotection against manganese-induced damage in adult Wistar rat brain slices. de Carvalho, D; Del Rio Naiz, SC; Remor, AP; Varela, KG, 2023)	2.63
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element with unique functions in the body; it acts as a cofactor for many enzymes involved in energy metabolism, the endogenous antioxidant enzyme systems, neurotransmitter production, and the regulation of reproductive hormones. "	( Consequences of Disturbing Manganese Homeostasis. Baj, J; Barbachowska, A; Buszewicz, G; Flieger, J; Flieger, M; Flieger, W; Forma, A; Kowalska, B; Portincasa, P; Radzikowska-Büchner, E; Teresiński, G, 2023)	2.65
"Mn (Manganese, Mn) is an essential trace element involved in various biological processes such as the regulation of immune, nervous and digestive system functions. "	( Changes in serum TIM-3 and complement C3 expression in workers due to Mn exposure. Deng, M; Deng, X; Guo, Y; Hao, C; He, J; Jin, X; Qi, Y; Si, H; Xia, J; Yao, W, 2023)	1.47
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient that is neurotoxic at high levels of exposure, particularly affecting the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex."	( Early-life dentine manganese concentrations and intrinsic functional brain connectivity in adolescents: A pilot study. Ambrosi, C; Arora, M; Austin, C; de Water, E; Gasparotti, R; Horton, MK; Iannilli, E; Lucchini, RG; Mascaro, L; Papazaharias, DM; Smith, DR; Tang, CY; Wright, RO, 2019)	1.56
"Manganese is a major cofactor of many glycosylation enzymes."	( Fetal bovine serum impacts the observed N-glycosylation defects in TMEM165 KO HEK cells. Climer, L; Foulquier, F; Garat, A; Houdou, M; Lupashin, V; Morelle, W; Vicogne, D, 2020)	1.28
"Manganese acts as a relaxation time-shortening contrast agent for both T"	( Manganese-free chow, a refined non-invasive solution to reduce gastrointestinal signal for T Allen, PD; Browning, R; Gilchrist, S; Holdship, P; Kersemans, V; Kinchesh, P; Schilling, K; Smart, S; Stork, LA; Vallis, KA; Wallington, S, 2020)	2.72
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element necessary for proper development and brain function. "	( ZIP14 is degraded in response to manganese exposure. Thompson, KJ; Wessling-Resnick, M, 2019)	2.24
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element that is naturally found in the environment and is necessary as a cofactor for many enzymes and is important in several physiological processes that support development, growth, and neuronal function. "	( New Insights on the Role of Manganese in Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease. Aschner, M; Bowman, AB; Harrison, FE; Ijomone, OM; Lee, E; Martins, AC; Morcillo, P; Venkataramani, V, 2019)	2.25
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential metallic trace element involved in several vital biological functions. "	( Neuroprotective effects of docosahexaenoic acid against sub-acute manganese intoxication induced dopaminergic and motor disorders in mice. Abbaoui, A; Belkouch, M; Bourziq, A; Draoui, A; El Fari, R; El Khiat, A; Elgot, A; Gamrani, H; Zroudi, M, 2019)	2.19
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for plant growth due to its participation in a series of physiological and metabolic processes. "	( Advances in the Mechanisms of Plant Tolerance to Manganese Toxicity. Chen, Z; Dong, R; Huang, R; Jia, Y; Li, J; Li, X; Liu, G; Liu, P; Wang, Z, 2019)	2.21
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element and is required for the virulence of many pathogens. "	( Helmann, JD; Huang, X; Paruthiyil, S; Pinochet-Barros, A, 2020)	2
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for the body's composition and is required for various functions, including nutrient metabolism, immune system function, and antioxidant ability. "	( Dietary Intake and Urinary Excretion of Manganese in Korean Healthy Adults. Bae, YJ; Choi, MK, 2020)	2.27
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace metal for all organisms. "	( Immunosuppression of aquatic organisms exposed to elevated levels of manganese: From global to molecular perspective. Baden, SP; Hernroth, B; Tassidis, H, 2020)	2.24
"Manganese (Mn) is a hypoxic reactive metal commonly found in marine sediments. "	( Acute and long-term manganese exposure and subsequent accumulation in relation to idiopathic blindness in the American lobster, Homarus americanus. Ochs, AT; Rice, GW; Shields, JD; Unger, MA, 2020)	2.32
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element, diet being its main source. "	( Prenatal manganese exposure and neuropsychological development in early childhood in the INMA cohort. Amorós, R; Ballester, F; Broberg, K; González-Safont, L; Ibarluzea, J; Irizar, A; Lertxundi, N; Llop, S; Lopez-Espinosa, MJ; Lozano, M; Marina, LS; Murcia, M; Soler-Blasco, R, 2020)	2.42
"Manganese is a metal often found as an environmental pollutant and very associated with neurological disorders when in high concentrations. "	( Histopathological, genotoxic, and behavioral damages induced by manganese (II) in adult zebrafish. Bonan, CD; de Oliveira, DL; de Souza, MS; Dos Santos, TG; Gehlen, G; Kayser, JM; Lúcio, CJ; Moreira, MG; Panizzon, J; Simões, LAR; Staudt, LBM; Zimmermann Prado Rodrigues, G; Ziulkoski, AL, 2020)	2.24
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient required for the normal development of many organs, including the brain. "	( Brain manganese and the balance between essential roles and neurotoxicity. Aschner, M; Balachandran, RC; Bowman, AB; Harrison, FE; Haynes, EN; McBride, D; Mukhopadhyay, S; Veevers, J, 2020)	2.48
"Manganese is an essential metal, but elevated brain Mn concentrations produce a parkinsonian-like movement disorder in adults and fine motor, attentional, cognitive, and intellectual deficits in children. "	( Maintaining Translational Relevance in Animal Models of Manganese Neurotoxicity. Aschner, M; Bornhorst, J; Gubert, P; Mukhopadhyay, S; Nicolai, MM; Smith, DR; Taylor, CA; Tuschl, K; Varão, AM, 2020)	2.25
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element that participates in several biological processes. "	( Manganese in the Diet: Bioaccessibility, Adequate Intake, and Neurotoxicological Effects. Aschner, M; Bowman, AB; Krum, BN; Martins, AC; Queirós, L; Skalny, AV; Tinkov, AA, 2020)	3.44
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient required for the proper function of several enzymes. "	( Huntington's disease genotype suppresses global manganese-responsive processes in pre-manifest and manifest YAC128 mice. Aschner, M; Bichell, TJV; Bowman, AB; Codreanu, SG; Erikson, KM; Halbesma, T; Harrison, FE; McLean, JA; Parmalee, NL; Pfalzer, AC; Sherrod, SD; Totten, M; Umashanker, P; Wilcox, JM; Yang, KL, 2020)	2.26
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element, but an excess or accumulation can be toxic. "	( Maternal serum level of manganese, single nucleotide polymorphisms, and risk of spontaneous preterm birth: A nested case-control study in China. Hao, Y; Li, N; Li, Z; Liu, J; Pang, Y; Ren, A; Wang, B; Yan, H; Yan, L; Ye, R; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y, 2020)	2.31
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal, but excessive exposures have been well-documented to culminate in neurotoxicity. "	( Manganese-induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction Is Not Detectable at Exposures Below the Acute Cytotoxic Threshold in Neuronal Cell Types. Aschner, M; Bowman, AB; Bryan, MR; Hardeman, KN; Morcillo, P; Warren, EB, 2020)	3.44
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth. "	( Complex gene regulation between young and old soybean leaves in responses to manganese toxicity. Liang, C; Liu, Y; Lu, X; Tian, J; Xie, B; Xue, Y; Zhu, S, 2020)	2.23
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element for plants and commonly contributes to human health; however, the understanding of the genes controlling natural variation in Mn in crop plants is limited. "	( Genome-wide association mapping for grain manganese in rice (Oryza sativa L.) using a multi-experiment approach. Douglas, A; Eizenga, GC; Guerinot, ML; Norton, GJ; Pinson, SRM; Price, AH; Ruang-Areerate, P; Salt, DE; Tarpley, L; Travis, AJ, 2021)	2.33
"Manganese (Mn) is an abundant element in terrestrial and coastal ecosystems and an essential micronutrient in the metabolic processes of plants and animals. "	( Manganese: The overlooked contaminant in the world largest mine tailings dam collapse. Abernathy, M; Barcellos, D; Bernardino, AF; Ferreira, TO; Gabriel, FA; Nóbrega, GN; Otero, XL; Queiroz, HM; Ying, SC, 2021)	3.51
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element, serving as a cofactor for several key enzymes, such as glutamine synthetase, arginase, pyruvate decarboxylase, and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase. "	( Manganese Accumulation in the Brain via Various Transporters and Its Neurotoxicity Mechanisms. Aschner, M; Digman, A; Lee, E; Nyarko-Danquah, I; Pajarillo, E; Soliman, KFA, 2020)	3.44
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for plant growth and development, but transporters required for Mn uptake have only been identified in a few plant species. "	( Buckwheat FeNramp5 Mediates High Manganese Uptake in Roots. Ma, JF; Yamaji, N; Yokosho, K, 2021)	2.35
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element that, in excess, seems to be involved in the development of different neurodegenerative conditions. "	( Protective effect of gamma-oryzanol against manganese-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. Almeida, FP; Araujo, SM; Bianchini, MC; Bortolotto, VC; Dahle, MMM; Mesko, MF; Musachio, EAS; Novo, DR; Poetini, MR; Prigol, M; Puntel, RL; Ramborger, BP; Roehrs, R; Silva, NC, 2021)	2.33
"Manganese serves as an indispensable catalytic center and the structural core of various enzymes that participate in a plethora of biological processes, including oxidative phosphorylation, glycosylation, and signal transduction. "	( Manganese homeostasis at the host-pathogen interface and in the host immune system. Min, J; Mu, Q; Wang, F; Wu, Q; Xia, Z, 2021)	3.51
"Manganese (Mn) is a biologically essential metal, critical as a cofactor for numerous enzymes such a glutamine synthetase and kinases such as ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM). "	( Identification of Three Small Molecules That Can Selectively Influence Cellular Manganese Levels in a Mouse Striatal Cell Model. Aschner, M; Bowman, AB; Horning, KJ; Tang, X; Thomas, MG, 2021)	2.29
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient for plants. "	( Physiological responses and genome-wide characterization of TaNRAMP1 gene in Mn-deficient wheat. Kabir, AH; Tahura, S, 2021)	2.06
"Manganese (Mn) is a trace element present in all tissues and is essential for animal growth and health; it also has an antioxidant capacity in tissues. "	( Effect of manganese supplementation on the carcass traits, meat quality, intramuscular fat, and tissue manganese accumulation of Pekin duck. Cai, J; Chen, X; Jia, G; Liu, G; Tian, G; Wang, X; Wen, M; Yang, T; Zhao, H, 2021)	2.47
"Manganese (Mn) is a relatively common element in aquatic ecosystems and can be bio-concentration, but the mechanism of manganese poisoning on fish health is unclear. "	( Bioflocs attenuate Mn-induced bioaccumulation, immunotoxic and oxidative stress via inhibiting GR-NF-κB signalling pathway in Channa asiatica. Li, MY; Ma, YF; Yu, Z; Zhang, Y; Zhao, L; Zhao, YY, 2021)	2.06
"Manganese (Mn) is a metal essential for metabolic processes at low concentrations."	( Neuroprotective effects of disubstituted dithiolethione ACDT against manganese-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Betharia, S; Gadde, R; Gugnani, KS; Kulkarni, N; Vu, N; Yoo, C; Zaveri, R, 2021)	1.58
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient for metabolic functions, yet excessive exposure can lead to neurological disease in adults and neurodevelopmental deficits in children. "	( Validation of Electrochemical Sensor for Determination of Manganese in Drinking Water. Boselli, E; Claus Henn, B; Friedman, A; Papautsky, I; Wu, Z, 2021)	2.31
"Manganese (Mn2+) is an essential trace element within organisms spanning the entire tree of life. "	( Regulation and distinct physiological roles of manganese in bacteria. Bosma, EF; Rau, MH; Siedler, S; van Gijtenbeek, LA, 2021)	2.32
"Manganese (Mn) is a trace nutrient necessary for life but becomes neurotoxic at high concentrations in the brain. "	( The Potential Roles of Blood-Brain Barrier and Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier in Maintaining Brain Manganese Homeostasis. McCabe, SM; Zhao, N, 2021)	2.28
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element for humans, but long-term environmental or occupational exposures can lead to numerous health problems. "	( The impact of environmental and occupational exposures of manganese on pulmonary, hepatic, and renal functions. Gandhi, D; Rajasekaran, S; Rudrashetti, AP, 2022)	2.41
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element, however, children with moderate to high Mn exposure can exhibit neurobehavioral impairments. "	( Manganese body burden in children is associated with reduced visual motor and attention skills. Brock, GN; Myers, JV; Sears, CG; Sears, L; Zhang, C; Zierold, KM, )	3.02
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential constituent of photosystem II (PSII) and therefore indispensable for oxygenic photosynthesis. "	( The transporter SynPAM71 is located in the plasma membrane and thylakoids, and mediates manganese tolerance in Synechocystis PCC6803. Gandini, C; Husted, S; Leister, D; Schmidt, SB; Schneider, A, 2017)	2.12
"Manganese (Mn) is a known neurotoxicant, and given its health effects and ubiquitous nature in metal-working settings, identification of a valid and reproducible biomarker of Mn exposure is of interest. "	( The Use of Metabolomics to Identify Biological Signatures of Manganese Exposure. Baker, MG; Lin, YS; Seixas, N; Shireman, LM; Simpson, CD, 2017)	2.14
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace metal which plays a critical role in brain physiology by acting as a cofactor for several enzymes. "	( Interplay between lysosomal, mitochondrial and death receptor pathways during manganese-induced apoptosis in glial cells. Alaimo, A; Gorojod, RM; Kotler, ML; Porte Alcon, S; Saravia, F, 2017)	2.13
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient required for the activity of metalloenzymes. "	( Manganese Provision in Parenteral Nutrition: An Update. Livingstone, C, 2018)	3.37
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal for the development and function of the mammalian brain; however, excess Mn accumulation may cause neurological abnormalities resembling Parkinson's disease due to reductions in brain dopamine levels. "	( Manganese tissue accumulation and tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining response in the Neotropical freshwater crab, Dilocarcinus pagei, exposed to manganese. Ponzoni, S, 2017)	3.34
"Manganese is an essential metal that becomes toxic at elevated levels. "	( Deficiency in the manganese efflux transporter SLC30A10 induces severe hypothyroidism in mice. Aschner, M; Chaffee, BK; Gore, AC; Hutchens, S; Jursa, T; Liu, C; Mukhopadhyay, S; Shawlot, W; Smith, DR; Yin, W, 2017)	2.23
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient for both host and pathogen. "	( Effect of High Dietary Manganese on the Immune Responses of Broilers Following Oral Salmonella typhimurium Inoculation. Bai, S; Ding, X; Pan, S; Peng, H; Su, Z; Wang, J; Wu, B; Xuan, Y; Zeng, Q; Zhang, K, 2018)	2.23
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element, but chronic overexposure to this metal, either environmentally or occupationally may cause manganism, a disease analogous to Parkinson's disease. "	( Valproate and sodium butyrate attenuate manganese-decreased locomotor activity and astrocytic glutamate transporters expression in mice. Aschner, M; Johnson, J; Lee, E; Pajarillo, EAB; Reams, R; Son, DS; Taka, E, 2018)	2.19
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace metal that is neurotoxic at high levels of exposure. "	( Prenatal manganese exposure and intrinsic functional connectivity of emotional brain areas in children. de Water, E; Horton, MK; Medina, SM; Proal, E; Schnaas, L; Tang, CY; Téllez-Rojo, MM; Wang, V; Wright, RO, 2018)	2.34
"Manganese is an essential micronutrient to bacteria and plays an important role in bacterial physiology. "	( The manganese efflux system MntE contributes to the virulence of Streptococcus suis serotype 2. Bei, W; Cao, M; Chen, H; Shi, G; Xu, J; Zeng, T; Zhao, X; Zheng, C, 2017)	2.46
"Manganese (Mn) is an element found in the environment and certain geographic areas have elevated concentrations in soil and water du to natural conditions or anthropic activities. "	( Low level exposure to manganese from drinking water and cognition in school-age children. Bouchard, MF; Cormier, P; Foucher, D; Surette, C, 2018)	2.24
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential environmental element known for years to be involved in numerous mammalian physiological processes, including growth and reproductive function."	( Influences of manganese on pubertal development. Dees, WL; Hiney, JK; Srivastava, VK, 2017)	1.54
"Manganese (Mn) is a toxic heavy metal exposing workers in various occupational settings and causing, among others, nervous system damage. "	( Neurotoxic effects of subchronic intratracheal Mn nanoparticle exposure alone and in combination with other welding fume metals in rats. Horváth, E; Kovács, K; Máté, Z; Nesztor, D; Papp, A; Paulik, E; Szabó, A; Szabó, T; Tombácz, E, 2017)	1.9
"Manganese is an essential nutrient that may play a role in the production of inflammatory biomarkers. "	( The Inflammatory Potential of Dietary Manganese in a Cohort of Elderly Men. Baccarelli, AA; Bulka, CM; Hibler, EA; Hou, L; Joyce, BT; Kresovich, JK; Schwartz, J; Vokonas, PS, 2018)	2.19
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element, serving as a cofactor for several enzymes involved in various cellular and biochemical reactions in human body. "	( Manganese Control of Glutamate Transporters' Gene Expression. Aschner, M; Hong, P; Johnson, J; Karki, P; Lee, E, 2017)	3.34
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential dietary nutrient for human health serving as a cofactor for many enzymes; however, exposure to excessive quantities of Mn may lead to toxicity with symptoms analogous to Parkinson's disease (PD). "	( Blood manganese levels and associated factors in a population-based study in Southern Brazil. Almeida Lopes, ACB; Aschner, M; Buzzo, ML; Carvalho, MFH; Da Silva, ALC; Mesas, AE; Paoliello, MMB; Peixe, TS; Urbano, MR, 2017)	2.38
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal to all biological systems but, in excess, can be toxic."	( Manganese and the Insulin-IGF Signaling Network in Huntington's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders. Bowman, AB; Bryan, MR, 2017)	2.62
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient, but overexposure can lead to neurotoxicity. "	( Development and Evaluation of a Manganese and Iron Food Frequency Questionnaire for Pediatrics. Falciglia, GA; Haynes, EN; Kuhnell, P; Zipkin, FB, 2017)	2.18
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element required for many physiological functions including proper biochemical and cellular functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). "	( Manganese-Induced Neurotoxicity and Alterations in Gene Expression in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. Gandhi, D; Kannan, K; Sivanesan, S, 2018)	3.37
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal that can become neurotoxic at elevated levels with negative consequences on neurodevelopment. "	( Polymorphisms in manganese transporters show developmental stage and sex specific associations with manganese concentrations in primary teeth. Arora, M; Austin, C; Broberg, K; Curtin, A; Curtin, P; Lucchini, RG; Smith, DR; Wahlberg, K; Wright, RO, 2018)	2.26
"Manganese (Mn) is an important mineral element required in trace amounts for development of the human body, while over- or chronic-exposure can cause serious organ toxicity. "	( Protective role of quercetin against manganese-induced injury in the liver, kidney, and lung; and hematological parameters in acute and subchronic rat models. Bahar, E; Bhattarai, KR; Chae, HJ; Choi, MK; Han, SY; Handigund, M; Kim, HK; Lee, GH; Lee, HY; Yoon, H, 2017)	2.17
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element required for growth and development, but higher body burdens have been associated with neurobehavioral decrements in children."	( Manganese in teeth and neurobehavior: Sex-specific windows of susceptibility. Arora, M; Austin, C; Bauer, JA; Cagna, G; Claus Henn, B; Coull, BA; Fedrighi, C; Lucchini, RG; Placidi, D; Smith, D; White, RF; Wright, RO; Yang, Q; Zoni, S, 2017)	3.34
"Manganese is an essential trace element however elevated environmental and occupational exposure to this element has been correlated with neurotoxicity symptoms clinically identical to idiopathic Parkinson's disease. "	( Manganese exposure: Linking down-regulation of miRNA-7 and miRNA-433 with α-synuclein overexpression and risk of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Bafana, A; Chakrabarti, T; Daiwile, AP; Krishnamurthi, K; Naoghare, PK; Parmar, D; Sivanesan, S; Stöger, R; Tarale, P, 2018)	3.37
"Manganese is an essential element required by cyanobacteria, as it is an essential part of the oxygen-evolving center of photosystem II. "	( Manganese acquisition is facilitated by PilA in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Hohmann-Marriott, MF; Lamb, JJ, 2017)	3.34
"Manganese is a trace mineral required for metabolism, growth and tissue formation, and reproduction. "	( Association between urinary manganese and blood pressure: Results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011-2014. Woo, JG; Wu, C; Zhang, N, 2017)	2.19
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element that is required for plant growth and development."	( Manganese modulates the physiological and biochemical responses of Mentha aquatica L. to ultraviolet radiation. Nazari, M; Shafaghat, Z; Zarinkamar, F, 2018)	2.64
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element in trace quantity but large amounts are toxic. "	( Atypical Neurologic Phenotype and Novel SLC30A10 Mutation in Two Brothers with Hereditary Hypermanganesemia. Al-Said, Y; Gulab, S; Kayyali, HR, 2018)	2.14
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace metal. "	( Toenail Manganese: A Sensitive and Specific Biomarker of Exposure to Manganese in Career Welders. Dydak, U; Edmondson, DA; Nour, MM; Rosenthal, FS; Snyder, S; Ward, EJ, 2017)	2.33
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient for intracellular activities; it functions as a cofactor for a variety of enzymes, including arginase, glutamine synthetase (GS), pyruvate carboxylase and Mn superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD). "	( Manganese metabolism in humans. Aschner, M; Bornhorst, J; Chen, P, 2018)	3.37
"Manganese (Mn) is a neurotoxin. "	( In vivo neutron activation analysis of bone manganese in workers. Li, Y; Liu, Y; Mostafaei, F; Nie, LH; Rolle-McFarland, D; Wells, E; Zheng, W; Zhou, Y, 2018)	2.18
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient; however, few genes required for growth under low-Mn conditions have been identified. "	( Screening Arabidopsis thaliana mutants for low sensitivity to manganese identifies novel alleles of NRAMP1 and PGSIP6. Bian, B; Fujiwara, T; Kageshima, S; Kamiya, T; Yano, K, 2018)	2.16
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential micro-nutrient for plants, but flooded rice fields can accumulate high levels of Mn2+ leading to Mn toxicity. "	( Genome-wide association study to identify candidate loci and genes for Mn toxicity tolerance in rice. Dziwornu, AK; Frei, M; Mathew, B; Shrestha, A; Ueda, Y; Wu, LB, 2018)	1.92
"Manganese is an essential trace element, but also at high levels a neurotoxicant. "	( Neurotoxicity of manganese: Indications for future research and public health intervention from the Manganese 2016 conference. Aschner, M; Cranmer, JM; Landrigan, PJ; Lucchini, RG, 2018)	2.26
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element, however high levels of Mn have been associated with lower neuropsychological performance and behavioral problems in children. "	( Environmental manganese exposure and associations with memory, executive functions, and hyperactivity in Brazilian children. Abreu, N; Argollo, N; Carvalho, CF; Carvalho, CO; Martorelli, M; Menezes-Filho, JA; Oulhote, Y, 2018)	2.28
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace nutrient for organisms because of its role in cofactoring enzymes and providing protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS). "	( Structure-function analysis of manganese exporter proteins across bacteria. Anantharaman, V; Aravind, L; Martinez, E; Schmitz, J; Senn, K; Usman, B; Waters, LS; Zeinert, R, 2018)	2.21
"Manganese (Mn) is a trace metal and micronutrient that is necessary for neurological function. "	( Environmentally relevant manganese overexposure alters neural cell morphology and differentiation in vitro. Parsons-White, AB; Spitzer, N, 2018)	2.23
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element for physiological functions since it acts as an enzymatic co-factor. "	( Metabolic effects of manganese in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans through DAergic pathway and transcription factors activation. Aschner, M; Avila, DS; Bornhorst, J; Cheng, P; Fessel, JP; Gubert, P; Lehmen, T; Puntel, B; Soares, FAA; Trindade, LS, 2018)	2.24
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient that causes neurotoxicity in excess, but methods to evaluate biochemical responses to high Mn are limited."	( Putrescine as indicator of manganese neurotoxicity: Dose-response study in human SH-SY5Y cells. Chandler, JD; Fernandes, J; Go, YM; Jones, DP; Liu, KH; Uppal, K, 2018)	1.5
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element in the human body."	( High level of Mn in brain is a risk for Alzheimer disease. Yu, Q; Zhou, YZ, 2018)	1.2
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential catalytic metal in the Mn-cluster that oxidizes water to produce oxygen during photosynthesis. "	( Inner Envelope CHLOROPLAST MANGANESE TRANSPORTER 1 Supports Manganese Homeostasis and Phototrophic Growth in Arabidopsis. Fu, A; Jin, L; Jing, Y; Lan, W; Liu, C; Luan, S; Shi, J; Wang, Y; Yang, L; Zhang, B; Zhang, C; Zhao, F, 2018)	2.22
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element that is involved in the synthesis and activation of many enzymes and in the regulation of the metabolism of glucose and lipids in humans. "	( The Essential Element Manganese, Oxidative Stress, and Metabolic Diseases: Links and Interactions. Li, L; Yang, X, 2018)	2.24
"Manganese is a natural contaminant of water sources. "	( Deriving A Drinking Water Guideline for A Non-Carcinogenic Contaminant: The Case of Manganese. Bouchard, M; Bourgault, MH; Gauvin, D; Haddad, S; Levallois, P; Valcke, M, 2018)	2.15
"Manganese is a common inorganic pollutant, which is difficult to remove from the environment. "	( [Manganese Oxidation Characteristics and Oxidation Mechanism of a Manganese-Oxidizing Bacterium He, DL; Wan, WJ; Xue, ZJ; Zhang, ZW, 2017)	2.81
"Manganese is a neurotoxin causing manganism, a Parkinson-like clinical disorder. "	( Manganese toxicity is targeting an early step in the dopamine signal transduction pathway that controls lateral cilia activity in the bivalve mollusc Crassostrea virginica. Adams, T; Carroll, MA; Catapane, EJ; Nelson, M; Ojo, C, 2018)	3.37
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient that is not readily available to pathogens during infection due to an active host defense mechanism known as nutritional immunity. "	( Manganese acquisition is essential for virulence of Enterococcus faecalis. Baker, SP; Colomer-Winter, C; Flores-Mireles, AL; Frank, KL; Hultgren, SJ; Kitten, T; Lemos, JA; Lynch, AJL, 2018)	3.37
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element. "	( SIRT1 downregulation mediated Manganese-induced neuronal apoptosis through activation of FOXO3a-Bim/PUMA axis. Chen, G; Han, M; Han, Y; Jiang, J; Liang, Y; Liu, B; Liu, Y; Sun, W; Wu, Y; Zhao, X; Zhu, G, 2019)	2.25
"Manganese is an essential trace mineral that functions as an enzyme component and enzyme activator."	( Boron, Chromium, Manganese, and Nickel in Agricultural Animal Production. Spears, JW, 2019)	1.57
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal that can be neurotoxic when elevated exposition occurs leading to parkinsonian-like syndromes. "	( SLC30A10 Mutation Involved in Parkinsonism Results in Manganese Accumulation within Nanovesicles of the Golgi Apparatus. Carmona, A; Cloetens, P; Garrevoet, J; Mukhopadhyay, S; Ortega, R; Porcaro, F; Roudeau, S; Salomé, M; Spiers, KM; Zogzas, CE, 2019)	2.21
"Manganese (Mn) is a trace element involved in many physiological processes. "	( Taurine Treatment Provides Neuroprotection in a Mouse Model of Manganism. Abdoli, N; Ghanbarinejad, V; Heidari, R; Niknahad, H; Ommati, MM, 2019)	1.96
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient; however, overexposure can be neurotoxic. "	( Toenail manganese as biomarker of drinking water exposure: a reliability study from a US pregnancy cohort. Baker, E; Bouchard, MF; Jackson, BP; Karagas, MR; Signes-Pastor, AJ, 2019)	2.39
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient especially during development, but Mn overexposure (MnOE) produces long-term cognitive deficits. "	( Effects of Preweaning Manganese in Combination with Adult Striatal Dopamine Lesions on Monoamines, BDNF, TrkB, and Cognitive Function in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Bailey, RA; Gutierrez, A; Hemmerle, AM; Hufgard, JR; Kyser, TL; Seroogy, KB; Vorhees, CV; Williams, MT, 2019)	2.27
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient critical for the pathogenesis of "	( Manganese Detoxification by MntE Is Critical for Resistance to Oxidative Stress and Virulence of Beavers, WN; Choby, JE; Grunenwald, CM; Juttukonda, LJ; Skaar, EP; Torres, VJ; Weiss, A, 2019)	3.4
"Manganese (Mn) toxicity is an important limiting factor for crop production in acidic soils. "	( The maize bHLH transcription factor bHLH105 confers manganese tolerance in transgenic tobacco. Sun, K; Wang, H; Xia, Z, 2019)	2.21
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient but also a toxicant at high exposures, when it can induce oxidative stress (OS). "	( Prenatal manganese and cord blood mitochondrial DNA copy number: Effect modification by maternal anemic status. Amarasiriwardena, C; Baccarelli, AA; Brennan, KJM; Estrada-Gutierrez, G; Kupsco, A; Pantic, I; Sanchez-Guerra, M; Schnaas, L; Svensson, K; Téllez-Rojo, MM; Wright, RO, 2019)	2.37
"Manganese is an essential dietary element that functions primarily as a coenzyme in several biological processes. "	( Manganese: Its Role in Disease and Health. Aschner, M; Erikson, KM, 2019)	3.4
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element required for several biological systems. "	( Sex differences in subacute manganese intoxication: Oxidative parameters and metal deposition in peripheral organs of adult Wistar rats. Branco Flores, MV; de Carvalho, D; Eichwald, T; Glaser, V; Mantovani, A; Remor, AP; Richter Schmitz, CR; Steffani, JA; Varela, KG, 2019)	2.25
"Manganese is an essential metal that is required for a wide range of biological functions. "	( Mice overexpressing hepcidin suggest ferroportin does not play a major role in Mn homeostasis. Anderson, GJ; Ayton, S; Bush, A; Frazer, DM; Jin, L; Lu, Y; Wilkins, SJ, 2019)	1.96
"Manganese slag is a solid waste produced by the steel industry and usually lacks a proper recycling. "	( Production of an effective catalyst with increased oxygen vacancies from manganese slag for selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide. Qian, G; Wang, G; Zhang, J; Zhou, J, 2019)	2.19
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element, but in humans, chronic and/or acute exposure to this metal can lead to neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinsonism and Parkinson's Disease by unclear mechanisms. "	( Manganese-induced cellular disturbance in the baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae with putative implications in neuronal dysfunction. Burnside, D; Golshani, A; Hernández, RB; McKay, B; Moteshareie, H, 2019)	3.4
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient for cellular function, but in high concentrations, it is neurotoxic. "	( Verbal Memory and Learning in Schoolchildren Exposed to Manganese in Mexico. Catalán-Vázquez, M; Cortez-Lugo, M; Escamilla-Núñez, C; García-Chimalpopoca, Z; Hernández-Bonilla, D; Montes, S; Riojas-Rodríguez, H; Rios, C; Rodríguez-Dozal, S; Schilmann, A; Tristán-López, LA, 2019)	2.2
"Manganese is an essential nutrient, but in excess, can be a potent neurotoxicant. "	( A benchmark concentration analysis for manganese in drinking water and IQ deficits in children. Barbeau, B; Bellinger, DC; Bouchard, MF; Cormier, P; Foucher, D; Kullar, SS; Mergler, D; Sauvé, S; Shao, K; Surette, C, 2019)	2.23
"Manganese is a critical trace element that not only has antioxidant properties, but also is essential for various metabolic pathways and neurotransmitters production. "	( A case of dystonia with polycythemia and hypermanganesemia caused by SLC30A10 mutation: a treatable inborn error of manganese metabolism. Arjmandi Rafsanjani, K; Hemmati, S; Hosseini, S; Mojbafan, M; Tavasoli, A; Zarei, E, 2019)	2.21
"Manganese is a trace element essential as a cofactor for several enzymatic systems, although in high concentrations is involved in the disruption of brain glutamate homeostasis."	( GLAST Activity is Modified by Acute Manganese Exposure in Bergmann Glial Cells. Escalante, M; Hernández-Kelly, LC; Hernández-Melchor, D; López-Bayghen, E; Olivares-Bañuelos, TN; Ortega, A; Soto-Verdugo, J, 2020)	1.55
"Manganese (Mn) is a positive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent that has been used to obtain physiological, biochemical, and molecular biological information. "	( Ultrashort echo time for improved positive-contrast manganese-enhanced MRI of cancer. Cheng, HL; Nofiele, JT, 2013)	2.08
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element, but can be neurotoxic when exceeding the homeostatic range. "	( Manganese exposure: cognitive, motor and behavioral effects on children: a review of recent findings. Lucchini, RG; Zoni, S, 2013)	3.28
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element and a potential toxicant for developing organism. "	( Manganese concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord blood: related to birth size and environmental factors. Guan, H; Kitamura, F; Li, Q; Li, X; Piao, F; Wang, M; Xu, L; Yokoyama, K, 2014)	3.29
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element and trivalent Mn complexes have been used as oxidation catalysts and enzyme mimetics. "	( Antitumor activity of Mn(III) complexes in combination with phototherapy and antioxidant therapy. da Silva, GE; Espósito, BP; Forti, FL; Hernández, RB; Pereira, TA, 2013)	1.83
"Manganese (Mn) is an industrial neurotoxicant in humans and animal models limited to rodent species. "	( Effects of acute manganese neurotoxicity in young chicks. Al-Zubaidy, MH; Mohammad, FK, 2013)	2.17
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element required for normal growth, development, and cellular homeostasis, but excess Mn is toxic to the central nervous system. "	( Placental concentrations of manganese and the risk of fetal neural tube defects. Jin, L; Li, Z; Liu, J; Ren, A; Wang, L; Ye, R; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y, 2013)	2.13
"Manganese (Mn) is a trace element present in forages and cereals, and its concentration depends on soil status. "	( Effect of different manganese concentrations during in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes on DNA integrity of cumulus cells and subsequent embryo development. Anchordoquy, JM; Anchordoquy, JP; Furnus, CC; Mattioli, G; Picco, SJ; Sirini, MA, 2013)	2.16
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace metal nutrient, however, excess Mn can be neurotoxic. "	( Chronic manganese exposure impairs visuospatial associative learning in non-human primates. Ault, M; Guilarte, TR; Schneider, JS; Williams, C, 2013)	2.27
"Manganese (Mn) is an environmental contaminant and its overexposure contributes to the pathophysiological processes of numerous disorders of the central nervous system in humans with mechanisms of action not completely understood. "	( Impact of manganese neurotoxicity on MMP-9 production and superoxide dismutase activity in rat primary astrocytes. Effect of resveratrol and therapeutical implications for the treatment of CNS diseases. Branà, MT; Casalino, E; Di Bari, G; Fasano, A; Latronico, T; Liuzzi, GM; Merra, E, 2013)	2.23
"Manganese (Mn(2+)) is an essential micronutrient in plants. "	( Characterization of two genes encoding metal tolerance proteins from Beta vulgaris subspecies maritima that confers manganese tolerance in yeast. Bozdag, GO; Erbasol, I; Karakaya, HC; Koc, A; Pedas, P, 2013)	2.04
"Manganese (Mn) is a trace element known to be essential for maintaining the proper function and regulation of many biochemical and cellular reactions. "	( Effects of oxidative stress on apoptosis in manganese-induced testicular toxicity in cocks. Guan, HN; Liu, XF; Xu, SW; Zhang, LM; Zhang, ZW, 2013)	2.09
"Manganese (Mn) is a required element for oceanic phytoplankton as it plays a critical role in photosynthesis, through its unique redox chemistry, as the active site in photosystem II, and in enzymes that act as defenses against reactive oxygen species (ROS), most notably for protection against superoxide (O2(-)), through the action of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via peroxidases and catalases. "	( Reactivity of inorganic Mn and Mn desferrioxamine B with O2, O2(-), and H2O2 in seawater. Croot, PL; Heller, MI; Wuttig, K, 2013)	1.83
"Manganese is an essential metal which can be neurotoxic in some instances. "	( Toxicity of manganese metallodrugs toward Danio rerio. Arndt, A; Borella, MI; Espósito, BP, 2014)	2.22
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient for plants, but is toxic when present in excess. "	( Mn tolerance in rice is mediated by MTP8.1, a member of the cation diffusion facilitator family. Chen, Z; Fujii, Y; Iwasaki, K; Kamiya, T; Kato, S; Ma, JF; Maeshima, M; Masuda, S; Takemoto, Y; Ueno, D; Yamaji, N; Yusuyin, Y, 2013)	1.83
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element due to its participation in many physiological processes. "	( Manganese induces mitochondrial dynamics impairment and apoptotic cell death: a study in human Gli36 cells. Alaimo, A; Gorojod, RM; Kotler, ML; Miglietta, EA; Ramos, AJ; Villarreal, A, 2013)	3.28
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient, but overexposure can be neurotoxic. "	( Determinants of manganese in prenatal dentin of shed teeth from CHAMACOS children living in an agricultural community. Arora, M; Austin, C; Bradman, A; Eskenazi, B; Gunier, RB; Harley, KG; Jerrett, M; Smith, DR; Vedar, M, 2013)	2.18
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for plants which intervenes mainly in photosynthesis. "	( Photochemical modulation of biosafe manganese nanoparticles on Vigna radiata: a detailed molecular, biochemical, and biophysical study. Akbar, S; Chandra, S; Das, S; Dey, KK; Goswami, A; Mitra, S; Palit, P; Patra, P; Pradhan, S, 2013)	2.11
"Manganese (Mn) is known to be a neurotoxic agent for nearly 175 years now. "	( New insights into manganese toxicity and speciation. Fernsebner, K; Michalke, B, 2014)	2.18
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace metal that is pivotal for normal cell function and metabolism. "	( Manganese and the brain. Clayton, PT; Mills, PB; Tuschl, K, 2013)	3.28
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace mineral for normal growth and development. "	( Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide prevents neuroaxonal degeneration induced by manganese in cochlear organotypic cultures. Ding, D; Roth, JA; Salvi, R; Wang, L, 2014)	2.07
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element for plants. "	( OsNRAMP3 is a vascular bundles-specific manganese transporter that is responsible for manganese distribution in rice. Dong, H; Lian, X; Lv, K; Wang, D; Yang, M; Zhang, W; Zhang, Y, 2013)	2.1
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element. "	( Downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in manganese-induced neurotoxicity in rat striatum and PC12 cells. Han, J; Jiang, J; Ma, X; Nie, X; Shi, S; Wan, C; Xu, G; Yang, L; Zhou, Q, 2014)	2.08
"Manganese is an important metal for human health, being absolutely necessary for development, metabolism, and the antioxidant system. "	( Manganese in health and disease. Aschner, M; Avila, DS; Puntel, RL, 2013)	3.28
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential mineral nutrient in mammals. "	( Manganese concentrations in maternal-infant blood and birth weight. Chen, L; Ding, G; Gao, Y; Huang, H; Shi, R; Tian, Y; Wang, P, 2014)	3.29
"Manganese is a trace element with important involvement in the central nervous system functioning. "	( Manganese interactions with dopaminergic system. Ciubotariu, D; Nechifor, M, )	3.02
"Manganese (Mn) is an environmental risk factor for neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration of the basal ganglia and other brain regions. "	( Considerations on manganese (Mn) treatments for in vitro studies. Aschner, M; Bowman, AB, 2014)	2.18
"Manganese is a neurotoxic element that leads to severe neurological disorders when excessive exposure occurs, mainly in occupational settings, but that can also lead to more subtle neurological deficits, especially to the dopaminergic system, under lower exposure conditions. "	( Environmental manganese compounds accumulate as Mn(II) within the Golgi apparatus of dopamine cells: relationship between speciation, subcellular distribution, and cytotoxicity. Carmona, A; Ortega, R; Perrin, L; Roudeau, S; Veronesi, G, 2014)	2.21
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient required for plant growth, in particular in the process of photosynthesis. "	( Conserved histidine of metal transporter AtNRAMP1 is crucial for optimal plant growth under manganese deficiency at chilling temperatures. Carey, M; Ihnatowicz, A; Koornneef, M; Meharg, AA; Reymond, M; Siwinska, J, 2014)	2.07
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for human health. "	( Anthocyanin-rich açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) extract attenuates manganese-induced oxidative stress in rat primary astrocyte cultures. Aschner, M; Barbosa, F; Bisen-Hersh, E; Cabral, IS; Culbreth, M; da Silva Santos, V; Nardini, V; Teixeira da Rocha, JB; Yu, Y, 2014)	2.08
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element that is required for normal brain functioning. "	( Upregulation of mitochondrial protease HtrA2/Omi contributes to manganese-induced neuronal apoptosis in rat brain striatum. Han, JL; Jiang, JK; Jiang, SY; Ma, X; Qian, WB; Shi, SS; Wan, CH; Wang, N; Wu, QY; Zhao, JY, 2014)	2.08
"Manganese is an essential microelement. "	( Effects of inorganic and organic manganese supplementation on gonadotropin-releasing hormone-I and follicle-stimulating hormone expression and reproductive performance of broiler breeder hens. Lu, L; Luo, X; Tian, C; Xie, J; Zhang, L; Zhu, Y, 2014)	2.13
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for normal growth and metabolism of bone tissues, but studies reporting the effects of Mn-doping calcium phosphates are scarce."	( Effects of Mn-doping on the structure and biological properties of β-tricalcium phosphate. Abrantes, JC; Cerqueira, AR; da Cruz Silva, OA; Ferreira, JM; Pina, S; Torres, PM; Vieira, SI, 2014)	1.12
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element of human. "	( Protective role of sodium para-amino salicylic acid against manganese-induced hippocampal neurons damage. Deng, X; Jiang, Y; Lu, J; Ou, S; Wang, C; Wang, F, 2014)	2.09
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element for humans and animals, but excess intake of Mn can lead to adverse developmental outcome. "	( Maternal blood manganese level and birth weight: a MOCEH birth cohort study. Chang, N; Cheong, HK; Eum, JH; Ha, EH; Ha, M; Hong, YC; Kim, Y; Park, H, 2014)	2.2
"Manganese is a micronutrient required for activities of several important enzymes under conditions of oxidative stress and iron starvation. "	( Novel MntR-independent mechanism of manganese homeostasis in Escherichia coli by the ribosome-associated protein HflX. Dutta, D; Ghosh, A; Kaur, G; Kumar, V; Kumari, A; Parrack, P; Sengupta, S, 2014)	2.12
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element that can become neurotoxic through various exposure windows over the lifespan. "	( Neurofunctional dopaminergic impairment in elderly after lifetime exposure to manganese. Benedetti, C; Bontempi, E; Borgese, L; Donna, F; Fedrighi, C; Ferri, R; Guazzetti, S; Lucchini, RG; Marchetti, S; Micheletti, S; Peli, M; Smith, DR; Zoni, S, 2014)	2.07
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient for plants playing an important role in many physiological functions. "	( OsNRAMP5 contributes to manganese translocation and distribution in rice shoots. Dong, H; Hu, J; Huang, CF; Lian, X; Lu, K; Wang, D; Yang, M; Zhang, L; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhao, FJ, 2014)	2.15
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient. "	( KHSRP participates in manganese-induced neurotoxicity in rat striatum and PC12 cells. Han, J; Jiang, J; Ma, X; Nie, X; Shi, S; Wan, C; Yang, L; Zhao, J, 2015)	2.17
"Manganese blue is a synthetic barium manganate(VI) sulphate compound that was produced from 1935 to the 1990s and was used both as a blue pigment in works of art and by conservators in the restoration of paintings. "	( Imaging, photophysical properties and DFT calculations of manganese blue (barium manganate(VI) sulphate)--a modern pigment. Accorsi, G; Acocella, A; Billinge, R; Gigli, G; Lerario, G; Saunders, D; Verri, G; Zerbetto, F, 2014)	2.09
"Manganese (Mn) is a component in many enzymes, which play an important role in counteracting oxidative stress."	( Manganese pre-treatment attenuates cadmium induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice. Chaudhary, S; Iram, S; Parvez, S; Raisuddin, S, 2015)	2.58
"Manganese is a ubiquitous, essential trace element and a common ingredient of joint supplement tablets. "	( Acute enteral manganese intoxication with hepatic failure due to ingestion of a joint supplement overdose. Borchers, A; Cartoceti, A; Epstein, SE; Gindiciosi, B; Puschner, B, 2014)	2.21
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element, but excess exposure leads to accumulation in biological tissues, including the brain. "	( Subacute manganese exposure in rats is a neurochemical model of early manganese toxicity. Cannon, JR; Lee, JW; O'Neal, SL; Zheng, W, 2014)	2.26
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient, but at high exposure levels Mn is a neurotoxicant. "	( Determinants of manganese levels in house dust samples from the CHAMACOS cohort. Bradman, A; Camacho, J; Eskenazi, B; Gunier, RB; Hubbard, A; Jerrett, M; Jursa, T; Smith, DR; Yousefi, P, 2014)	2.19
"Manganese is an essential element for human health and development. "	( Blood manganese concentrations in Jamaican children with and without autism spectrum disorders. Ardjomand-Hessabi, M; Boerwinkle, E; Bressler, J; Dickerson, AS; Grove, ML; Loveland, KA; Pearson, DA; Rahbar, MH; Samms-Vaughan, M; Shakespeare-Pellington, S, 2014)	2.33
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for humans, animals, and plants and is required for growth, development, and maintenance of health. "	( A neutron activation technique for manganese measurements in humans. Bhatia, C; Byun, SH; Chettle, DR; Inskip, MJ; Prestwich, WV, 2015)	2.14
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal, but elevated cellular levels are toxic and may lead to the development of an irreversible parkinsonian-like syndrome that has no treatment. "	( SLC30A10 is a cell surface-localized manganese efflux transporter, and parkinsonism-causing mutations block its intracellular trafficking and efflux activity. Aschner, M; Bowman, AB; Chen, P; Hutchens, S; Leyva-Illades, D; Mercado, JM; Morrisett, RA; Mukhopadhyay, S; Swaim, CD; Zogzas, CE, 2014)	2.12
"Manganese is an essential element, but excessive manganese exposure has neurotoxic effects."	( Sex- and age-differences in blood manganese levels in the U.S. general population: national health and nutrition examination survey 2011-2012. Bouchard, MF; Mergler, D; Oulhote, Y, 2014)	2.12
"Manganese (Mn) toxicity is a major constraint limiting plant growth on acidic soils. "	( Malate synthesis and secretion mediated by a manganese-enhanced malate dehydrogenase confers superior manganese tolerance in Stylosanthes guianensis. Chen, Z; Liao, H; Liu, G; Liu, P; Sun, L; Tian, J, 2015)	2.12
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient but at high exposure levels is a neurotoxicant. "	( Biomarkers of manganese exposure in pregnant women and children living in an agricultural community in California. Arora, M; Austin, C; Bradman, A; Eskenazi, B; Gunier, RB; Mora, AM; Smith, D, 2014)	2.21
"Manganese (Mn) is an effective contrast agent and biologically active metal, which has been widely used for Mn-enhanced MRI (MEMRI). "	( Engineering an effective Mn-binding MRI reporter protein by subcellular targeting. Bartelle, BB; Mana, MD; Rodriguez, JJ; Suero-Abreu, GA; Turnbull, DH, 2015)	1.86
"Manganese is an important micronutrient that has been previously correlated with caries incidence, and which serves as an effector of SloR-mediated metalloregulation in S."	( In vitro manganese-dependent cross-talk between Streptococcus mutans VicK and GcrR: implications for overlapping stress response pathways. Ayala, EA; Cvitkovitch, DG; Downey, JS; Goodman, SD; Hendrickson, WK; Mashburn-Warren, L; McCall, LW; Senadheera, DB; Spatafora, GA; Sweet, JG, 2014)	1.54
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element that is required for maintaining the proper function and regulation of many biochemical and cellular reactions. "	( Impairment of glutamine/glutamate-γ-aminobutyric acid cycle in manganese toxicity in the central nervous system. Sidoryk-Wegrzynowicz, M, 2014)	2.08
"Manganese (Mn) is a naturally occurring and abundant trace element in the environment."	( The critical fetal stage for maternal manganese exposure. Chang, CH; Chen, ML; Chien, LC; Liao, KW; Mao, IF; Tsai, MS; Tsai, YA, 2015)	1.41
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient for development and function of the nervous system. "	( Untargeted metabolic profiling identifies interactions between Huntington's disease and neuronal manganese status. Aschner, M; Bornhorst, J; Bowman, AB; Goodwin, CR; Kumar, KK; McLean, JA; Schwerdtle, T; Uhouse, MA, 2015)	2.08
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient and precipitates as minerals with technological and environmental relevance. "	( Comparative proteomics of Mn(II)-oxidizing and non-oxidizing Roseobacter clade bacteria reveal an operative manganese transport system but minimal Mn(II)-induced expression of manganese oxidation and antioxidant enzymes. Hansel, CM; Learman, DR, 2014)	2.06
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element required for normal cellular functioning. "	( N-acetylcysteineamide protects against manganese-induced toxicity in SHSY5Y cell line. Ercal, N; Maddirala, Y; Tobwala, S, 2015)	2.13
"Manganese serves as a cofactor to a variety of proteins necessary for proper bodily development and function. "	( Identification of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta as a target of manganese accumulation. Cannon, JR; Pushkar, Y; Robison, G; Sullivan, B, 2015)	2.08
"Manganese is an essential trace element and common component of water, soil, and air. "	( Maternal Blood Manganese and Early Neurodevelopment: The Mothers and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) Study. Cheong, HK; Chung, SE; Ha, EH; Ha, M; Hong, YC; Kim, BN; Kim, Y; Oh, SY; Park, H, 2015)	2.21
"Manganese is an important trace element required as an enzyme cofactor and for protection against oxidative stress. "	( The manganese-responsive regulator MntR represses transcription of a predicted ZIP family metal ion transporter in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Baumgart, M; Frunzke, J, 2015)	2.42
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element that serves as co-factor for many important mammalian enzymes. "	( Differential interaction of hGDH1 and hGDH2 with manganese: Implications for metabolism and toxicity. Aschner, M; Dimovasili, C; Plaitakis, A; Zaganas, I, 2015)	2.11
"Manganese (Mn) is a required cofactor for all forms of life. "	( Manganese homeostasis and utilization in pathogenic bacteria. Juttukonda, LJ; Skaar, EP, 2015)	3.3
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential heavy metal that is naturally found in the environment. "	( Manganese homeostasis in the nervous system. Aschner, M; Bowman, AB; Chakraborty, S; Chen, P; Lee, E; Mukhopadhyay, S; Paoliello, MM, 2015)	3.3
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element involved in the formation of bone and in amino acid, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. "	( Association of plasma manganese levels with chronic renal failure. Aranda, P; Galindo, P; Gómez-Aracena, J; Llopis, J; López-Chaves, C; Sánchez-González, C, 2015)	2.17
"Manganese is a metal that is required for optimal biological functioning of organisms. "	( RNASeq in C. elegans Following Manganese Exposure. Aschner, M; Bowman, AB; Calder, B; Maqbool, SB; Parmalee, NL; Ye, B, 2015)	2.15
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient that can be toxic in excess concentrations, especially during early development stages. "	( The role of chemical speciation, chemical fractionation and calcium disruption in manganese-induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Espósito, BP; Hernández, RB; Michalke, B; Nishita, MI; Scholz, S, 2015)	2.09
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient that is phytotoxic under certain edaphic and climatic conditions. "	( Manganese phytotoxicity: new light on an old problem. Fernando, DR; Lynch, JP, 2015)	3.3
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient needed for plant growth and development, but can be toxic to plants in excess amounts. "	( A Newly Identified Passive Hyperaccumulator Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla under Manganese Stress. Jobe, TO; Li, Z; Lv, J; Wang, Q; Xie, Q; Yang, L, 2015)	2.08
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient but higher exposure has been associated with poorer neurodevelopment in children."	( Manganese in teeth and neurodevelopment in young Mexican-American children. Arora, M; Austin, C; Bradman, A; Eskenazi, B; Gunier, RB; Harley, KG; Holland, N; Hubbard, A; Jerrett, M; Kogut, K; Mora, AM, 2015)	3.3
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient; nonetheless, excessive amounts can accumulate in brain tissues causing manganism, a severe neurological condition. "	( RNA-Seq Reveals Acute Manganese Exposure Increases Endoplasmic Reticulum Related and Lipocalin mRNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans. Lakso, M; Nass, R; Peltonen, J; Rudgalvyte, M; Wong, G, 2016)	2.19
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient in humans, but excessive exposure to Mn may cause neurotoxicity. "	( Common Polymorphisms in the Solute Carrier SLC30A10 are Associated With Blood Manganese and Neurological Function. Alhamdow, A; Broberg, K; Kippler, M; Lucchini, RG; Rahman, SM; Smith, DR; Vahter, M; Wahlberg, K, 2016)	2.11
"Manganese is a contaminant in the wastewaters produced by Brazilian mining operations, and the removal of the metal is notoriously difficult because of the high stability of the Mn(II) ion in aqueous solutions. "	( Indirect Manganese Removal by Stenotrophomonas sp. and Lysinibacillus sp. Isolated from Brazilian Mine Water. Amorim, SS; Barboza, NR; Cordeiro, MM; Guerra-Sá, R; Leão, VA; Reis, FD; Santos, PA, 2015)	2.28
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element, while excessive expose may induce neurotoxicity. "	( Expression Profiles of Long Noncoding RNAs and Messenger RNAs in Mn-Exposed Hippocampal Neurons of Sprague-Dawley Rats Ascertained by Microarray: Implications for Mn-Induced Neurotoxicity. Huang, X; Li, Q; Liang, G; Ma, S; Ma, Y; Peng, S; Qing, L; Xiong, F; Yang, X; Zhang, L; Zou, Y, 2016)	1.88
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element required for a range of physiological processes, but Mn can also be neurotoxic especially during development. "	( Tyrosine hydroxylase regulation in adult rat striatum following short-term neonatal exposure to manganese. Aschner, M; Colle, D; Costa, AP; Dickson, PW; Dunkley, PR; Eyng, H; Farina, M; Gonçalves, FM; Leal, RB; Lopes, MW; Ong, LK; Peres, TV; Venske, DK, 2016)	2.1
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for humans, but exposure to high levels has been associated with adverse developmental outcomes. "	( Maternal urinary manganese and risk of low birth weight: a case-control study. Bassig, BA; Hu, J; Li, Y; Li, Z; Pan, X; Wan, Y; Wang, Y; Wise, JP; Xia, W; Xiong, C; Xu, S; Yao, Y; Zhang, B; Zhao, J; Zheng, T; Zhou, A; Zhou, Y, 2016)	2.22
"Manganese (Mn) is a trace element essential for brain development and functioning of the central nervous system. "	( Brain effects of manganese exposure in mice pups during prenatal and breastfeeding periods. Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro, C; Campos, SX; Neto, FF; Noso, CH; Okada, MA; Voigt, CL, 2016)	2.22
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element to humans. "	( Manganese accumulation in hair and teeth as a biomarker of manganese exposure and neurotoxicity in rats. Chen, K; Huang, X; Li, Q; Liang, G; Lv, Y; Ma, S; Ma, Y; Nong, J; Qin, H; Qing, L; Xiong, F; Yang, X; Zhang, L; Zou, Y, 2016)	3.32
"Manganese is an essential dietary nutrient and trace element with important roles in mammalian development, metabolism, and antioxidant defense. "	( The effect of high dose oral manganese exposure on copper, iron and zinc levels in rats. Bartnikas, TB; Dorman, DC; Foster, ML; Herrera, C; Johnson, LC; Mercadante, CJ; Pettiglio, MA, 2016)	2.17
"Manganese (Mn) is a transition metal which has essential biochemical functions but from occupational exposure scenarios it appeared that Mn can cause severe neurological damage."	( Review about the manganese speciation project related to neurodegeneration: An analytical chemistry approach to increase the knowledge about manganese related parkinsonian symptoms. Michalke, B, 2016)	1.5
"Manganese is an essential trace element and indispensable component of nutrition mixtures in long-term home parenteral nutrition (HPN) of patients. "	( Manganese in Whole Blood and Hair in Patients with Long-Term Home Parenteral Nutrition. Dastych, M; Senkyrík, M, 2016)	3.32
"Manganese is a redox-sensitive element and is released from sediment under anoxic conditions near the sediment-water interface during summer and autumn, when water temperature stratification occurs."	( Analysis of numerical simulations and influencing factors of seasonal manganese pollution in reservoirs. Chen, L; Peng, H; Wei, Y; Zheng, X, 2016)	1.39
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential plant micronutrient with an indispensable function as a catalyst in the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII). "	( Manganese Deficiency in Plants: The Impact on Photosystem II. Husted, S; Jensen, PE; Schmidt, SB, 2016)	3.32
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal for mammals. "	( Gender influence on manganese induced depression-like behavior and Mn and Fe deposition in different regions of CNS and excretory organs in intraperitoneally exposed rats. Barbosa Júnior, F; Gonçalves, MR; Guimarães, NC; Pandossio, JE; Santana, DF; Santos, VS; Souza, VC; Yamagata, AT, 2017)	2.22
"Manganese is a crucial element for health. "	( Acute Toxicity and Gastroprotection Studies of a New Schiff Base Derived Manganese (II) Complex against HCl/Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcerations in Rats. Adam, H; Al-Obaidi, MM; Ali, HM; Alkotaini, B; Batran, RA; Dhiyaaldeen, SM; El-Ferjani, RM; Hashim, NM; Ibrahim, MY, 2016)	2.11
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element that is critical for human health and development. "	( International variability in diet and requirements of manganese: Causes and consequences. Freeland-Graves, JH; Kim, S; Mousa, TY, 2016)	2.13
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal that is required as a cofactor for many enzymes and is necessary for optimal biological function. "	( Manganese and aging. Aschner, M; Parmalee, NL, 2016)	3.32
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element but neurotoxic at higher exposures, however, Mn exposure seldom occurs in isolation. "	( Developmental manganese exposure in combination with developmental stress and iron deficiency: Effects on behavior and monoamines. Amos-Kroohs, RM; Davenport, LL; Gutierrez, A; Hufgard, JR; Vorhees, CV; Williams, MT, )	1.93
"Manganese is a vital nutrient and is maintained at an optimal level (2.5-5 mg/day) in human body. "	( Potential Role of Epigenetic Mechanism in Manganese Induced Neurotoxicity. Bafana, A; Chakrabarti, T; Krishnamurthi, K; Naoghare, P; Sivanesan, S; Tarale, P, 2016)	2.14
"Manganese is a contaminant of concern for many drinking water utilities, and future regulation may be pending. "	( Oxidation of manganese(II) with ferrate: Stoichiometry, kinetics, products and impact of organic carbon. Goodwill, JE; Jiang, Y; Mai, X; Reckhow, DA; Tobiason, JE, 2016)	2.25
"Manganese clay is a residue of manganese ore processing and is generated in huge amounts."	( Radon exhalation study of manganese clay residue and usability in brick production. Kovács, T; Sas, Z; Shahrokhi, A; Somlai, J; Vigh, T, 2017)	1.48
"Manganese is a metal that has been known named a Greek word "Magnesia" meaning magnesia nigra from Roman Empire. "	( [Function and disease in manganese]. Kimura, M, 2016)	2.18
"Manganese (Mn) is an important metal in geochemical cycles. "	( Microbe-microbe interactions trigger Mn(II)-oxidizing gene expression. Bai, Y; Liang, J; Men, Y; Qu, J, 2017)	1.9
"Manganese (Mn) is an abundant redox-active metal with well-characterized mitochondrial accumulation and neurotoxicity due to excessive exposures. "	( From the Cover: Manganese Stimulates Mitochondrial H2O2 Production in SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells Over Physiologic as well as Toxicologic Range. Bijli, KM; Chandler, JD; Fernandes, J; Go, YM; Hao, L; Hu, X; Jones, DP; Orr, M, 2017)	2.24
"Manganese deficiency is a major plant nutritional disorder in winter cereals resulting in significant yield reductions and winter kill in more severe cases."	( Identification of manganese efficiency candidate genes in winter barley (Hordeum vulgare) using genome wide association mapping. Husted, S; Leplat, F; Pedas, PR; Rasmussen, SK, 2016)	1.49
"Manganese is an essential nutrient which can cause adverse effects if ingested to excess or in insufficient amounts, leading to a U-shaped exposure-response relationship. "	( Modeling U-shaped dose-response curves for manganese using categorical regression. Birkett, N; Farrell, PJ; Karyakina, NA; Krewski, D; Mattison, DR; McGough, D; Milton, B; Ramoju, S; Shilnikova, N, 2017)	2.16
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal involved in multiple physiological functions. "	( Effects of manganese exposure on visuoperception and visual memory in schoolchildren. Catalán-Vázquez, M; Cortez-Lugo, M; Escamilla-Núñez, C; Hernández-Bonilla, D; Mergler, D; Montes, S; Riojas-Rodriguez, H; Rodríguez-Dozal, S; Schilmann, A; Tristán-López, LA, 2016)	2.27
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element but neurotoxic at higher exposure levels. "	( Developmental manganese neurotoxicity in rats: Cognitive deficits in allocentric and egocentric learning and memory. Abdulla, ZI; Amos-Kroohs, RM; Atanasova, N; Davenport, LL; Skelton, MR; Vorhees, CV; Williams, MT, )	1.93
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential heavy metal. "	( "Manganese-induced neurotoxicity: a review of its behavioral consequences and neuroprotective strategies". Aschner, M; Avila, DS; Bowman, AB; Carvalho, F; Chen, P; Peres, TV; Schettinger, MR, 2016)	2.79
"Manganese efficiency is a quantitative abiotic stress trait controlled by several genes each with a small effect. "	( Genomic Prediction of Manganese Efficiency in Winter Barley. Jensen, J; Leplat, F; Madsen, P, 2016)	2.19
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element required for optimal functioning of cellular biochemical pathways in the central nervous system. "	( Global DNA methylation profiling of manganese-exposed human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells reveals epigenetic alterations in Parkinson's disease-associated genes. Bafana, A; Chakrabarti, T; Daiwile, AP; Kannan, K; Naoghare, PK; Parmar, D; Sivanesan, S; Stöger, R; Tarale, P, 2017)	2.17
"Manganese (Mn) is an important micronutrient element required for plant growth and development, playing catalytic roles in enzymes, membranes and DNA replication. "	( Metal transport protein 8 in Camellia sinensis confers superior manganese tolerance when expressed in yeast and Arabidopsis thaliana. Fang, W; Li, Q; Li, Y; Wu, X; Zhou, L; Zhu, X, 2017)	2.14
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient and required cofactor in bacteria. "	( Perturbation of manganese metabolism disrupts cell division in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Giedroc, DP; Lisher, JP; Martin, JE; Winkler, ME, 2017)	2.24
"Manganese (Mn) is an important trace element present in human body, which acts as an enzyme co-factor or activator in various metabolic reactions. "	( Polyphenolic Extract of Euphorbia supina Attenuates Manganese-Induced Neurotoxicity by Enhancing Antioxidant Activity through Regulation of ER Stress and ER Stress-Mediated Apoptosis. Bahar, E; Bhattarai, KR; Chae, HJ; Choi, MK; Kim, JY; Lee, GH; Lee, HY; Rashid, HO; Yoon, H, 2017)	2.15
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for plants; however, high concentrations in certain soil conditions can cause toxicity symptoms in the plant tissue. "	( Physiological highlights of manganese toxicity symptoms in soybean plants: Mn toxicity responses. Campos, M; Júnior, EF; Kondo Santini, JM; Lavres, J; Paixão, AP; Reis, AR; Santos, EF, 2017)	2.19
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element with well characterized neurotoxic effects in high concentrations. "	( Are multitasking abilities impaired in welders exposed to manganese? Translating cognitive neuroscience to neurotoxicology. Beste, C; Brüning, T; Casjens, S; Lehnert, M; Lotz, A; Pesch, B; Plitzke, K; Quetscher, C; Van Gelder, R; van Thriel, C; Weiss, T, 2017)	2.14
"Manganese (Mn) is a widely distributed trace element that is essential for normal brain function and development. "	( Downregulation of Mfn2 participates in manganese-induced neuronal apoptosis in rat striatum and PC12 cells. Han, J; Jiang, J; Jiang, S; Liu, X; Lu, C; Nie, X; Yang, J; Yin, L, 2017)	2.17
"Manganese is an efficient relaxer, but iron and copper are poor ones."	( MR proton relaxivities of some ions, albumin, and cholesterol added to odontogenic jaw cysts. Guner, R; Yilmaz, UN, 2008)	1.07
"Manganese (Mn) is a transition metal that is essential for normal cell growth and development, but is toxic at high concentrations. "	( Manganese transport in eukaryotes: the role of DMT1. Aschner, M; Au, C; Benedetto, A, 2008)	3.23
"Manganese (Mn) is a naturally abundant metal in marine sediments where it mainly occurs as MnO(2). "	( Manganese effects on haematopoietic cells and circulating coelomocytes of Asterias rubens (Linnaeus). Hernroth, B; Matranga, V; Oweson, C; Pinsino, A; Sköld, H, 2008)	3.23
"Manganese (Mn) is a nutrient essential for regulating neurological and skeletal functions in the human body, but it is also toxic when humans are excessively exposed to Mn. "	( A preliminary study for non-invasive quantification of manganese in human hand bones. Chettle, DR; McNeill, FE; Oudyk, J; Pejović-Milić, A; Pysklywec, MW, 2008)	2.04
"Manganese is an essential element for biological systems, nevertheless occupational exposure to high levels of Mn can lead to neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by excessive Mn accumulation, especially in astrocytes of basal ganglia and symptoms closely resembling idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). "	( Involvement of striatal lipid peroxidation and inhibition of calcium influx into brain slices in neurobehavioral alterations in a rat model of short-term oral exposure to manganese. Aschner, M; Avila, DS; Fachinetto, R; Gubert, P; Rocha, JB; Soares, FA; Wagner, C, 2008)	1.98
"Manganese (Mn) is a redox-active element, and whereas its uptake, disposition, and toxicity in mammals may depend in part on its oxidation state, the proteins affecting manganese oxidation state and speciation in vivo are not well known. "	( Ceruloplasmin alters the tissue disposition and neurotoxicity of manganese, but not its loading onto transferrin. Jursa, T; Smith, DR, 2009)	2.03
"Manganese (Mn) is an element which is both essential for regulating neurological and skeletal functions in the human body and also toxic when humans are exposed to excessive levels. "	( Opportunities to improve the in vivo measurement of manganese in human hands. Chettle, DR; Pejović-Milić, A; Waker, AJ, 2009)	2.05
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient required for normal tissue growth and function. "	( Manganese tissue dosimetry in rats and monkeys: accounting for dietary and inhaled Mn with physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. Andersen, ME; Clewell, HJ; Dorman, DC; Nong, A; Taylor, MD, 2009)	3.24
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element present in all living organisms and is naturally present in rocks, soil, water, and food. "	( Manganese exposure, essentiality & toxicity. Santamaria, AB, 2008)	3.23
"Manganese exposure is an environmental risk factor linked to PD and PD-like syndromes."	( Alpha-synuclein is part of a diverse and highly conserved interaction network that includes PARK9 and manganese toxicity. Caldwell, GA; Caldwell, KA; Chesi, A; Cooper, AA; Geddie, ML; Gitler, AD; Hamamichi, S; Hill, KJ; Lindquist, S; Rochet, JC; Strathearn, KE, 2009)	1.29
"Manganese(III) reagent is an important one- electron oxidant for initiation of free-radical reactions and formation of carbon-carbon bonds. "	( Manganese(III)-promoted reactions for formation of carbon-heteroatom bonds. Pan, XQ; Zhang, W; Zou, JP, 2009)	3.24
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element, but an effective toxic at high concentrations. "	( High levels of hair manganese in children living in the vicinity of a ferro-manganese alloy production plant. Menezes-Filho, JA; Mergler, D; Moreira, JC; Paes, CR; Pontes, AM; Sarcinelli, PN, 2009)	2.12
"Manganese is an essential nutrient, integral to proper metabolism of amino acids, proteins and lipids. "	( Manganese exposure is cytotoxic and alters dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons within the basal ganglia. Anderson, DJ; Aschner, M; Fitsanakis, VA; Leitch, DB; McLaughlin, B; Savchenko, V; Stankowski, JN; Stanwood, GD; Wu, J, 2009)	3.24
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element, but overexposure is characterized by Parkinson's like symptoms in extreme cases. "	( Extracellular norepinephrine, norepinephrine receptor and transporter protein and mRNA levels are differentially altered in the developing rat brain due to dietary iron deficiency and manganese exposure. Anderson, JG; Colyer, CL; Cooney, PT; Erikson, KM; Fordahl, SC; Weaver, TL, 2009)	1.99
"Manganese is an element essential for health in trace amounts, but toxic at higher exposures. "	( Environmental manganese and cancer mortality rates by county in North Carolina: an ecological study. Reid, JC; Spangler, JG, 2010)	2.16
"Manganese is an essential mineral nutrient needed for proper fetal development and other important aspects of metabolism. "	( Manganese and birth outcome. Wood, RJ, 2009)	3.24
"Manganese, Mn, is a naturally abundant metal in marine sediments. "	( A comparative study on the influence of manganese on the bactericidal response of marine invertebrates. Hernroth, B; Oweson, C, 2009)	2.06
"Manganese is an essential nutrient, and a healthy human with good liver and kidney function can easily excrete excess dietary manganese. "	( Incorporating genetics and genomics in risk assessment for inhaled manganese: from data to policy. Curran, CP; Haynes, EN; Ho, SM; Park, RM, 2009)	2.03
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element. "	( Lactational transfer of manganese in rats: predicting manganese tissue concentration in the dam and pups from inhalation exposure with a pharmacokinetic model. Andersen, ME; Clewell, HJ; Dorman, DC; Nong, A; Taylor, MD; Yoon, M, 2009)	2.1
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element, yet is neurotoxic in excess. "	( Environmental manganese exposure in residents living near a ferromanganese refinery in Southeast Ohio: a pilot study. Haynes, EN; Heckel, P; Leung, YK; Roda, S; Ryan, P; Sebastian, K; Succop, P, 2010)	2.16
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential mineral that is a cofactor for many enzymes required in the synthesis of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. "	( Whole blood manganese concentrations in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts. Duncan, A; Gow, AG; Marques, AI; Mellanby, RJ; Yool, DA, )	1.95
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal that can exert toxic effects at high concentrations, eventually leading to Parkinsonism. "	( SMF-1, SMF-2 and SMF-3 DMT1 orthologues regulate and are regulated differentially by manganese levels in C. elegans. Anderson, J; Aschner, M; Au, C; Benedetto, A; Erikson, K; Ewbank, JJ; Labrousse, A, 2009)	2.02
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for humans, animals, and plants and is required for growth, development, and maintenance of health. "	( Risk assessment of an essential element: manganese. Santamaria, AB; Sulsky, SI, 2010)	2.07
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element that may be toxic in conditions of overexposure. "	( Multi-dose-route, multi-species pharmacokinetic models for manganese and their use in risk assessment. Andersen, ME; Clewell, HJ; Dorman, DC; Nong, A; Taylor, MD, 2010)	2.05
"Manganese is an essential element that is also neurotoxic at elevated exposure. "	( Manganese-induced trafficking and turnover of the cis-Golgi glycoprotein GPP130. Bachert, C; Linstedt, AD; Mukhopadhyay, S; Smith, DR, 2010)	3.25
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace metal; however, exposure to high Mn levels can result in neurodegenerative changes resembling Parkinson's disease (PD). "	( Rat brain endothelial cells are a target of manganese toxicity. Aschner, M; Au, C; Batoreu, MC; dos Santos, AP; Milatovic, D; Yin, Z, 2010)	2.06
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element, acting as cofactor in numerous enzymes. "	( Export of vacuolar manganese by AtNRAMP3 and AtNRAMP4 is required for optimal photosynthesis and growth under manganese deficiency. Barbier-Brygoo, H; Krämer, U; Krieger-Liszkay, A; Lanquar, V; Lelièvre, F; Ramos, MS; Thomine, S, 2010)	2.13
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for normal development and bodily functions in humans. "	( Manganese supplementation reduces the blood cholesterol levels in Ca-deficient ovariectomized rats. Bae, YJ; Choi, MK; Kim, MH, 2011)	3.25
"Manganese (Mn) is a naturally abundant metal and particularly so in soft-bottom oceanic sediments where it generally occurs bound in a four-valent colloidal state as MnO2. "	( Effects of manganese and hypoxia on coelomocyte renewal in the echinoderm, Asterias rubens (L.). Hernroth, B; Li, C; Oweson, C; Söderhäll, I, 2010)	2.19
"Manganese is an essential transition metal that, among other functions, can act independently of proteins to either defend against or promote oxidative stress and disease. "	( Probing in vivo Mn2+ speciation and oxidative stress resistance in yeast cells with electron-nuclear double resonance spectroscopy. Barnese, K; Clement, MH; Culotta, VC; Gralla, EB; Hoffman, BM; McNaughton, RL; Reddi, AR; Rosenfeld, L; Sharma, A; Valentine, JS, 2010)	1.8
"Manganese is an essential nutrient, but in excess it can be a potent neurotoxicant. "	( Intellectual impairment in school-age children exposed to manganese from drinking water. Barbeau, B; Bellinger, DC; Bouchard, MF; Bouffard, T; Brodeur, MÈ; Legrand, M; Limoges, E; Mergler, D; Sauvé, S, 2011)	2.06
"Manganese is a trace element that is an essential co-factor in many enzymes critical to diverse biological pathways. "	( Vesicular distribution of Secretory Pathway Ca²+-ATPase isoform 1 and a role in manganese detoxification in liver-derived polarized cells. Braiterman, LT; Feng, M; Hubbard, AL; Leitch, S; Muend, S; Rao, R, 2011)	2.04
"Manganese is an essential trace element but its overexposure causes poisoning (called manganism) that shares several symptoms with Parkinson's disease, but with a mechanism that is still not well understood: in addition to involvement of the dopaminergic system, both serotonergic and peptiergic systems have been implicated. "	( Millimolar Mn2+ influences agonist binding to 5-HT1A receptors by inhibiting guanosine nucleotide binding to receptor-coupled G-proteins. Parkel, S; Rinken, A; Tõntson, L, 2011)	1.81
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal required for normal homeostasis. "	( Changes in dietary iron exacerbate regional brain manganese accumulation as determined by magnetic resonance imaging. Aschner, M; Avison, MJ; Erikson, KM; Fitsanakis, VA; Gore, JC; Zhang, N, 2011)	2.07
"Manganese is an essential trace element, and a contrast agent of potential interest for brain magnetic resonance imaging. "	( Active transport at the blood-CSF barrier contributes to manganese influx into the brain. Bouron, A; Ghersi-Egea, JF; Richaud, P; Schmitt, C; Strazielle, N, 2011)	2.06
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth but is often toxic in acid or waterlogged soils. "	( Calculated activity of Mn2+ at the outer surface of the root cell plasma membrane governs Mn nutrition of cowpea seedlings. Blamey, FP; Kopittke, PM; Menzies, NW; Wang, P, 2011)	1.81
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element required for ubiquitous enzymatic reactions. "	( Manganese induces oxidative stress, redox state unbalance and disrupts membrane bound ATPases on murine neuroblastoma cells in vitro: protective role of silymarin. Chtourou, Y; Fetoui, H; Kallel, H; Mkannez, G; Trabelsi, K; Zeghal, N, 2011)	3.25
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal for life. "	( Manganese accumulation in the CNS and associated pathologies. Montes, S; Ríos, C; Rivera-Mancía, S, 2011)	3.25
"Manganese oxides are a type of high-reactive minerals that play an important role in biogeochemical cycling of many major and trace elements. "	( [Molecular mechanism of bacterial manganese (II) oxidation--a review]. Li, L; Liu, F; Zhang, Z, 2011)	2.09
"Manganese (Mn) is a trace element known to be essential for maintaining the proper function and regulation of many biochemical and cellular reactions. "	( The extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways are involved in manganese toxicity in rat astrocytoma C6 cells. Alaimo, A; Gorojod, RM; Kotler, ML, 2011)	2.05
"Manganese is an essential trace metal that is not as readily oxidizable like iron. "	( Manganese oxidation by bacteria: biogeochemical aspects. Bharathi, PA; Sujith, PP, 2011)	3.25
"Manganese is a critical micronutrient for cells, serving as an enzyme cofactor and protecting against oxidative stress. "	( The Escherichia coli MntR miniregulon includes genes encoding a small protein and an efflux pump required for manganese homeostasis. Sandoval, M; Storz, G; Waters, LS, 2011)	2.02
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element required for the proper functioning of a variety of physiological processes. "	( Mechanisms of manganese-induced neurotoxicity in primary neuronal cultures: the role of manganese speciation and cell type. Barbosa, F; Espósito, BP; Farina, M; Hernández, RB; Souza-Pinto, NC; Suñol, C, 2011)	2.17
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential ubiquitous trace element that is required for normal growth, development and cellular homeostasis. "	( Role of manganese in neurodegenerative diseases. Aschner, M; Bowman, AB; Herrero Hernández, E; Kwakye, GF, 2011)	2.25
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for biological systems; however occupational exposure to high levels of this metal may lead to neurodegenerative disorders, resembling Parkinson's disease (PD). "	( Protective effect of Melissa officinalis aqueous extract against Mn-induced oxidative stress in chronically exposed mice. Aschner, M; Ávila, DS; Folmer, V; Leal, L; Martins, EN; Pessano, NT; Puntel, GO; Puntel, RL; Rocha, JB; Roos, DH, 2012)	1.82
"Manganese is a dominant pollutant in Orava."	( Geographic accumulation of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Slovakia--environmental metal imbalance as a possible cofactor. Koscová, S; Mitrová, E; Slivarichová, D; Uhnáková, I; Ursínyová, M; Wsólová, L, 2011)	1.09
"Manganese (Mn) is a potent neurotoxin involved in the initiation and progression of various cognitive disorders. "	( Improvement of cerebellum redox states and cholinergic functions contribute to the beneficial effects of silymarin against manganese-induced neurotoxicity. Boudawara, T; Chtourou, Y; Fetoui, H; Garoui, el M; Zeghal, N, 2012)	2.03
"Manganese ion (Mn(2+)) is a calcium (Ca(2+)) analog that can enter neurons and other excitable cells through voltage gated Ca(2+) channels. "	( Manganese enhanced MRI (MEMRI): neurophysiological applications. Inoue, T; Majid, T; Pautler, RG, 2011)	3.25
"Manganese (Mn) is a nutrient and neurotoxicant sometimes associated with mood, motor and neurological effects. "	( Anxiety affecting parkinsonian outcome and motor efficiency in adults of an Ohio community with environmental airborne manganese exposure. Bollweg, G; Bowler, RM; Davis, SI; Gocheva, V; Harris, M; Kim, Y; Lobdell, DT; Ngo, L; Roels, HA; Wilson, K, 2012)	2.03
"Manganese is a relatively common, yet poorly studied element in freshwater ecosystems, where it can be significantly bioconcentrated. "	( Acute toxicity of manganese in goldfish Carassius auratus is associated with oxidative stress and organ specific antioxidant responses. Canalejo, A; Córdoba, F; Torronteras, R; Vieira, MC, 2012)	2.16
"Manganese is an important element essential for human functioning. "	( [Value of manganese in human life (literature review)]. Berkheeva, ZM; Nugaĭbekova, GA, 2011)	2.21
"Manganese (Mn) is a well established neurotoxin associated with specific damage to the basal ganglia in humans. "	( Pathophysiology of manganese-associated neurotoxicity. Aschner, M; Criswell, SR; Dydak, U; Guilarte, TR; Racette, BA; Zheng, W, 2012)	2.15
"Manganese, which acts as a calcium analogue, can be used to assess cell viability."	( Contrast-enhanced MRI of murine myocardial infarction - part I. Coolen, BF; Geelen, T; Nicolay, K; Paulis, LE; Strijkers, GJ, 2012)	1.1
"Manganese (Mn) is a common occupational exposure worldwide. "	( Research capacity development in South African manganese mines to bridge exposure and neuropathologic outcomes. Criswell, SR; Murray, J; Nelson, G; Racette, BA; Zhang, J, 2012)	2.08
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element required for normal development and bodily function. "	( Effects of dietary manganese on Cu, Fe, Zn, Ca, Se, IL-1β, and IL-2 changes of immune organs in cocks. Han, C; Li, Z; Liu, X; Xu, S; Zhang, Z, 2012)	2.15
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal for development and metabolism. "	( In vivo manganese exposure modulates Erk, Akt and Darpp-32 in the striatum of developing rats, and impairs their motor function. Aguiar, AS; Aschner, M; Cordova, FM; Erikson, KM; Gonçalves, FM; Latini, AS; Leal, RB; Lopes, MW; Lopes, SC; Peres, TV; Pilati, C; Prediger, RD; Remor, AP, 2012)	2.26
"Manganese is an essential trace element, whose intracellular levels need to be carefully regulated. "	( Impaired manganese metabolism causes mitotic misregulation. Andreson, B; Díaz de la Loza, Mdel C; García-Rodríguez, N; Monje-Casas, F; Rothstein, R; Wellinger, RE, 2012)	2.24
"Manganese is a vital element and cofactor of many key enzymes, but it is toxic at high levels, causing pronounced disturbances in the mammalian brain. "	( Evaluation of manganese uptake and toxicity in mouse brain during continuous MnCl2 administration using osmotic pumps. Dresselaers, T; Everaerts, W; Himmelreich, U; Mata, AM; Sepúlveda, MR; Vangheluwe, P; Wuytack, F, )	1.93
"Manganese is an essential element that can become neurotoxic in various conditions inducing an overload in the organism."	( Olfactory functions at the intersection between environmental exposure to manganese and Parkinsonism. Bonetti, G; Lucchini, R; Zoni, S, 2012)	1.33
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element that is neurotoxic under certain exposure conditions. "	( Application of a multi-route physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for manganese to evaluate dose-dependent neurological effects in monkeys. Andersen, ME; Clewell, HJ; Dorman, DC; Nong, A; Schroeter, JD; Taylor, MD; Yoon, M, 2012)	2.05
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element, necessary for development and growth of the organism. "	( The role of manganese in etiopathogenesis and prevention of selected diseases. Grajeta, H; Zabłocka-Słowińska, K, 2012)	2.2
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element and it acts as a cofactor for a number of enzymatic reactions, including those involved in amino acid, lipid, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism. "	( Manganese alters rat brain amino acids levels. Almeida, I; Aschner, M; Batoreu, MC; Marreilha dos Santos, AP; Ramos, R; Santos, D; Sidoryk-Wegrzynowicz, M, 2012)	3.26
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element in humans but its effect on semen quality is unclear. "	( Effects of manganese on routine semen quality parameters: results from a population-based study in China. Gao, E; Li, Y; Wu, J; Zhou, W, 2012)	2.21
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal, but in excess it becomes neurotoxic. "	( Effect of environmental manganese exposure on verbal learning and memory in Mexican children. Cortez-Lugo, M; Montes, S; Riojas-Rodríguez, H; Ríos, C; Rodríguez-Agudelo, Y; Schilmann, A; Solís-Vivanco, R; Torres-Agustín, R, 2013)	2.14
"Manganese (Mn) is a trace element known to be essential for maintaining the proper function and regulation of many biochemical and cellular reactions. "	( Effects of manganese-toxicity on immune-related organs of cocks. Li, ZP; Liu, N; Liu, XF; Tie, F; Xu, SW; Zhang, ZW, 2013)	2.22
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element required for normal development and reproduction. "	( Manganese-induced effects on testicular trace element levels and crucial hormonal parameters of Hyline cocks. Lin, HJ; Liu, N; Liu, XF; Xu, SW; Zhang, LM; Zhang, Z, 2013)	3.28
"Manganese is an essential trace element which is toxic in high doses. "	( Air manganese levels and chronic liver disease mortality in North Carolina counties: an ecological study. Spangler, JG, 2012)	2.38
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal for biological systems; however, occupational or clinical exposure to high levels of Mn can produce a neurological disorder called manganism. "	( Comparison between 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and para-aminosalicylic acid (4-PAS) as potential protectors against Mn-induced neurotoxicity. Aschner, M; Batoreu, MC; Marreilha dos Santos, AP; Santos, D, 2013)	1.83
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element that is required for maintaining proper function and regulation of numerous biochemical and cellular reactions. "	( Manganese toxicity in the central nervous system: the glutamine/glutamate-γ-aminobutyric acid cycle. Aschner, M; Sidoryk-Wegrzynowicz, M, 2013)	3.28
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential dietary nutrient, but an excess or accumulation can be toxic. "	( Manganese neurotoxicity and the role of reactive oxygen species. Aschner, M; Gavin, CE; Gunter, TE; Martinez-Finley, EJ, 2013)	3.28
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient for growth and development. "	( An accelerator based system for in vivo neutron activation analysis measurements of manganese in human hand bones. Arnold, ML; Chettle, DR; McNeill, FE; Pejovic-Milic, A; Stronach, IM; Waker, A, 2002)	1.98
"Manganese is an essential micronutrient for many organisms. "	( A light-dependent mechanism for massive accumulation of manganese in the photosynthetic bacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Keren, N; Kidd, MJ; Pakrasi, HB; Penner-Hahn, JE, 2002)	2
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential element and a neurotoxicant. "	( Manganese distribution across the blood-brain barrier. I. Evidence for carrier-mediated influx of managanese citrate as well as manganese and manganese transferrin. Allen, DD; Bukaveckas, BL; Crossgrove, JS; Rhineheimer, SS; Yokel, RA, 2003)	3.2
"Manganese is a modulator and glutamine is the product of glutamine synthetase."	( Role of manganese accumulation in increased brain glutamine of the cirrhotic rat. Alcaraz-Zubeldia, M; Montes, S; Muriel, P; Rios, C, 2003)	1.47
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element found in many enzymes. "	( Effect of manganese chloride exposure on liver and brain mitochondria function in rats. Fu, J; Zhang, S; Zhou, Z, 2003)	2.16
"Manganese is a well-known liver-specific agent used in magnetic resonance imaging. "	( Increased manganese concentration in the liver after oral intake. Klastrup, S; Svendsen, O; Thomsen, HS, 2004)	2.17
"Manganese is an essential trace metal required for normal central nervous system function, which is toxic when in excess amounts in serum. "	( Diffusion abnormalities of the globi pallidi in manganese neurotoxicity. Casey, S; Clark, HB; Filice, RW; Liu, HY; McKinney, AM; Teksam, M; Truwit, C; Woon, C, 2004)	2.02
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential mineral nutrient found at high levels in plants such as soy and rice."	( Manganese content of soy or rice beverages is high in comparison to infant formulas. Belonje, B; Bonacci, G; Cockell, KA, 2004)	2.49
"Manganese (Mn) is a trace metal required for normal growth and development. "	( Differential lowering by manganese treatment of activities of glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes investigated in neuroblastoma and astrocytoma cells is associated with manganese-induced cell death. Bhushan, A; Daniels, CK; Lai, JC; Malthankar, GV; Rodnick, KJ; White, BK, 2004)	2.07
"Manganese is an essential trace element and it is required for many ubiquitous enzymatic reactions. "	( Manganese neurotoxicity. Aschner, M; Dobson, AW; Erikson, KM, 2004)	3.21
"Manganese is an essential nutrient that also may be toxic at high concentrations. "	( Does environmental exposure to manganese pose a health risk to healthy adults? Finley, JW, 2004)	2.05
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal that, at excessive levels in the brain, produces extrapyramidal symptoms similar to those in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). "	( Manganese-induced cytotoxicity in dopamine-producing cells. Aschner, M; Freeman, WM; Johnson, EA; Lash, LH; Stokes, AH; Stredrick, DL; Vrana, KE; Worst, TJ, 2004)	3.21
"The manganese species is a dinuclear discrete product with two disordered acetates bridging two manganese centers, while the zinc one consists of two octahedral and two tetrahedral Zn(II) centers with both bridging acetates and triply micro(3)-hydroxides."	( Synthesis and crystal structure of two new discrete, neutral complexes of manganese and zinc using a rigid organic clip. Arif, AM; Min, KS; Mukherjee, PS; Stang, PJ, 2004)	1.04
"Manganese is an essential, but potentially toxic, trace metal in biological systems. "	( Manganese toxicity and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mam3p, a member of the ACDP (ancient conserved domain protein) family. Culotta, VC; Gardner, AJ; Jensen, LT; Yang, M, 2005)	3.21
"Manganese is an essential metal that participates as a co-factor in a number of critical biological functions such as electron transport, detoxification of free radicals, and synthesis of neurotransmitters. "	( Manganese enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Koretsky, AP; Lee, JH, 2004)	3.21
"Manganese ion (Mn2+) is an essential metal that participates as a cofactor in a number of critical biological functions, such as electron transport, detoxification of free radicals and synthesis of neurotransmitters. "	( Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI). Koretsky, AP; Silva, AC, 2004)	3.21
"Manganese (Mn) is a required element and a metabolic byproduct of the contrast agent mangafodipir trisodium (MnDPDP). "	( Manganese toxicity upon overexposure. Crossgrove, J; Zheng, W, 2004)	3.21
"Manganese porphyrins are a potent class of catalytic antioxidants whose activity was recently shown to be partially dependent upon flavin-containing enzymes (R. "	( A novel class of cytochrome P450 reductase redox cyclers: cationic manganoporphyrins. Day, BJ; Kariya, C, 2005)	1.77
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential mineral that is found at low levels in food, water, and the air. "	( Manganese dosimetry: species differences and implications for neurotoxicity. Aschner, M; Dorman, DC; Erikson, KM, 2005)	3.21
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element but is neurotoxic at high doses. "	( Neurotoxicity of inhaled manganese: public health danger in the shower? Elsner, RJ; Spangler, JG, 2005)	2.07
"Manganese (Mn) is a required co-factor for many ubiquitous enzymes; however, chronic Mn overexposure can cause manganism, a parkinsonian-like syndrome. "	( Manganese distribution across the blood-brain barrier. IV. Evidence for brain influx through store-operated calcium channels. Crossgrove, JS; Yokel, RA, 2005)	3.21
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential mineral. "	( Nutritional aspects of manganese homeostasis. Aschner, JL; Aschner, M, )	1.88
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal nutrient for plants. "	( Managing the manganese: molecular mechanisms of manganese transport and homeostasis. Pittman, JK, 2005)	2.14
"Manganese is an essential trace element and it is required for normal biological activities and ubiquitous enzymatic reactions."	( Manganese modulates pro-inflammatory gene expression in activated glia. Chen, CJ; Chen, JH; Chen, SY; Liao, SL; Lin, SY; Ou, YC, 2006)	2.5
"Manganese is an essential trace element that is toxic at high doses. "	( Commentary on possible manganese toxicity from showering: response to critique. Elsner, R; Spangler, JG, 2006)	2.09
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element, though at elevated exposures it is also a neurotoxicant. "	( Temporal responses in the disruption of iron regulation by manganese. Kwik-Uribe, C; Smith, DR, 2006)	2.02
"Manganese (Mn) is a ubiquitous and essential element that can be toxic at high doses. "	( Effects of inhaled manganese on biomarkers of oxidative stress in the rat brain. Aschner, M; Dobson, AW; Dorman, DC; Erikson, KM; Fitsanakis, VA; Taylor, MD, 2006)	2.1
"Manganese is an essential trace element found in many enzymes. "	( Decreasing expression of alpha1C calcium L-type channel subunit mRNA in rat ventricular myocytes upon manganese exposure. Gu, L; Li, J; Wang, T; Yang, H; Zheng, X, 2006)	1.99
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace metal found in all tissues, and it is required for normal amino acid, lipid, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism. "	( Manganese neurotoxicity: a focus on the neonate. Aschner, J; Aschner, M; Erikson, KM; Thompson, K, 2007)	3.23
"Manganese is an essential element to be found in all tissues. "	( [The role of manganese in the human organism]. Balla, J; Fodor, J; Lakatos, B; Szentmihályi, K; Vinkler, P, 2006)	2.15
"Manganese is an essential trace element for the development and function of the central nervous system. "	( Manganese and epilepsy: a systematic review of the literature. Gonzalez-Reyes, RE; Gutierrez-Alvarez, AM; Moreno, CB, 2007)	3.23
"Manganese is an essential mineral that is found at low levels in virtually all diets. "	( Manganese: pharmacokinetics and molecular mechanisms of brain uptake. Aschner, M; Dorman, DC, 2006)	3.22
"Manganese toxicity is a major problem for plant growth in acidic soils, but cellular mechanisms that facilitate growth in such conditions have not been clearly delineated. "	( A secretory pathway-localized cation diffusion facilitator confers plant manganese tolerance. Blaudez, D; Chalot, M; Gobert, A; Husted, S; Maathuis, FJ; Montanini, B; Pedas, P; Peiter, E; Sanders, D, 2007)	2.01
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace nutrient that is potentially toxic at high levels of exposure. "	( Effects of manganese on thyroid hormone homeostasis: potential links. Aschner, M; Soldin, OP, 2007)	2.17
"Manganese (Mn(2+)) is a potent inducer of apoptosis in different cell types, but the precise mechanisms that mediate such effects are not well defined."	( p38 MAPK and MSK1 mediate caspase-8 activation in manganese-induced mitochondria-dependent cell death. El Mchichi, B; Hadji, A; Leca, G; Vazquez, A, 2007)	1.31
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient required for proper growth and maintenance of numerous biological systems. "	( Putative proteins involved in manganese transport across the blood-brain barrier. Aschner, JL; Aschner, M; Fitsanakis, VA; Marreilha dos Santos, AP; Piccola, G, 2007)	2.07
"Manganese is a common natural contaminant of groundwater in Bangladesh. "	( Association between manganese exposure through drinking water and infant mortality in Bangladesh. Ahsan, H; Cheng, Z; Factor-Litvak, P; Hafeman, D; van Geen, A, 2007)	2.11
"Manganese acts as a chemical stressor in cholinergic neurons in a region-specific manner causing breakdown of the cellular homeostatic mechanisms."	( Modulation of cholinergic systems by manganese. Aschner, M; Finkelstein, Y; Milatovic, D, 2007)	1.33
"Manganese (Mn) is a cofactor for some metalloprotein enzymes, including Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), a mitochondrial enzyme predominantly localized in neurons, and glutamine synthetase (GS), which is selectively expressed in astroglial cells. "	( Manganese intoxication decreases the expression of manganoproteins in the rat basal ganglia: an immunohistochemical study. Bernardi, G; D'Angelo, V; Martorana, A; Melchiorri, G; Morello, M; Sancesario, G; Zambenedetti, P; Zatta, P, 2007)	3.23
"Manganese is an abundant element."	( Why did Nature choose manganese to make oxygen? Armstrong, FA, 2008)	1.38
"Manganese is a trace element, essential for physiologic functioning but neurotoxic at high doses. "	( Case report: a metabolic disorder presenting as pediatric manganism. Allen, M; Fury, D; Giffin, S; Hamm, N; Léger, Y; Panaro, L; Sahni, V, 2007)	1.78
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient throughout all stages of plant development. "	( [Manganese uptake and transportation as well as antioxidant response to excess manganese in plants]. Yang, ZB; Yang, ZM; You, JF, 2007)	2.69
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential mineral that is found in varying amounts in aerosols or dust. "	( Molecular mechanism of manganese exposure-induced dopaminergic toxicity. Chapman, GD; Ghosh, D; Gunasekar, PG; Prabhakaran, K, 2008)	2.1
"Manganese is a powerful paramagnetic material and potential NMR contrast agent. "	( Studies of tissue NMR relaxation enhancement by manganese. Dose and time dependences. Gore, JC; Kang, YS, )	1.83
"This manganese is a part of the pool of 4 Mn/Photosystem II normally associated with the oxygen-evolving complex."	( Manganese proteins isolated from spinach thylakoid membranes and their role in O2 evolution. II. A binuclear manganese-containing 34 kilodalton protein, a probable component of the water dehydrogenase enzyme. Abramowicz, DA; Dismukes, GC, 1984)	2.17
"Only manganese ion was found to be an absolute requirement for IPP incorporation by the extract."	( A cell-free system for Streptococcus faecium for studies on the biosynthesis of triterpenoid carotenoids. Davies, BH; Taylor, RF, 1982)	0.72
"Manganese is an essential trace element for human metabolism, but at higher concentrations it is a potent neurotoxin that presents clinical symptoms similar to those of Parkinson's disease. "	( Mechanism of the manganese-catalyzed autoxidation of dopamine. Lloyd, RV, )	1.91
"Manganese is a well-known parkinsonigen toxin in humans."	( Parkinsonism after chronic exposure to the fungicide maneb (manganese ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate). Bonifati, V; Fabrizio, E; Meco, G; Vanacore, N, 1994)	1.25
"Manganese is an essential but potentially toxic mineral. "	( Tissue manganese concentrations and antioxidant enzyme activities in rats given total parenteral nutrition with and without supplemental manganese. Davis, CD; Greger, JL; Lo, HC; Malecki, EA; Ney, DM; Yang, H, )	2.03
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element at low concentrations, but at higher concentrations is neurotoxic. "	( Effects of iron deficiency and iron overload on manganese uptake and deposition in the brain and other organs of the rat. Chua, AC; Morgan, EH, )	1.83
"Manganese ion (Mn2+) is an excellent T1 contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)."	( In vivo neuronal tract tracing using manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Koretsky, AP; Pautler, RG; Silva, AC, 1998)	1.29
"Manganese is an essential element but it may result in a toxic event if the workers are excessively exposed to this element. "	( Pre-analytical for biological monitoring of manganese. Lin, HY; Lin, TH; Shih, TS; Yang, MH; Yiin, SJ, 1998)	2
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal and plays an important role in the brain. "	( Manganese uptake into rat brain during development and aging. Ishiwatari, S; Okada, S; Takeda, A, 1999)	3.19
"Manganese is a very hard, brittle metal, which is used to increase the strength of steel alloys. "	( Manganese. Barceloux, DG, 1999)	3.19
"Manganese is an element which is required by the human body. "	( The feasibility of measuring manganese concentrations in human liver using neutron activation analysis. Arnold, ML; Chettle, DR; McNeill, FE, )	1.87
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential mineral but is toxic when taken in excess. "	( Manganese mineral interactions in brain. Chan, AW; Lai, JC; Leung, TK; Lim, L; Minski, MJ, )	3.02
"Manganese is an essential trace element that is required for the activity of several enzymes. "	( Manganese deficiency and toxicity: are high or low dietary amounts of manganese cause for concern? Davis, CD; Finley, JW, 1999)	3.19
"Manganese in blood is a specific and suitable parameter for the biomonitoring of MnO(2) exposure, although its validity is limited to group-based calculations. "	( Biomonitoring of manganese in blood, urine and axillary hair following low-dose exposure during the manufacture of dry cell batteries. Bader, M; Dietz, MC; Ihrig, A; Triebig, G, 1999)	2.09
"Manganese is a neurotoxic substance that accumulates in the central nervous system, where it may cause a neurological disorder that bears many similarities to Parkinson's disease."	( Manganese exposure in foundry furnacemen and scrap recycling workers. Kristiansen, J; Lander, F; Lauritsen, JM, 1999)	2.47
"Manganese is a toxic element frequently overlooked when assessing toxicity of effluents, sediments, and pore waters. "	( Toxicity of manganese to Ceriodaphnia dubia and Hyalella azteca. Bogenrieder, KJ; Lasier, PJ; Winger, PV, 2000)	2.13
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential mineral that at high concentrations can produce an irreversible syndrome resembling Parkinson's disease. "	( Manganese-induced rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell death is independent of caspase activation. Browne, RW; Feng, L; Roth, JA; Walowitz, J, 2000)	3.19
"Manganese is an essential nutrient required by the human body, but conversely, over exposure to the element may cause central nervous system damage. "	( System design for in vivo neutron activation analysis measurements of manganese in the human brain: based on Monte Carlo modeling. Arnold, ML; Chettle, DR; McNeill, FE; Prestwich, WV, )	1.81
"Manganese is an essential mineral for human life."	( Exposure to manganese: health effects on the general population, a pilot study in central Mexico. Arechiga-Serrano, R; Cano-Valle, F; Eden-Wynter, RA; Mercado, LA; Montes, S; Rios, C; Rodriguez-Agudelo, Y; Santos-Burgoa, C; Texcalac-Sangrador, JL; Villa-Barragan, JP, 2001)	1.41
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal that, in excess, causes an extrapyramidal syndrome consisting in tremor, rigidity and akinesia. "	( Striatal manganese accumulation induces changes in dopamine metabolism in the cirrhotic rat. Alcaraz-Zubeldia, M; Montes, S; Muriel, P; Ríos, C, 2001)	2.17
"Manganese is a well-known neurotoxic metal, however, its effect in a condition such as liver damage has not been explored deeply due to the lack of a suitable experimental model."	( A method to induce manganese accumulation in the brain of the cirrhotic rat and its evaluation. Alcaraz-Zubeldia, M; Montes, S; Muriel, P; Ríos, C, 2002)	1.36
"Manganese (Mn2+) is a cofactor for guanylate cyclase (GC), which is involved in the generation of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP), a second messenger for atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) action. "	( Renal hemodynamic and natriuretic effects of manganese and interactions with atrial natriuretic peptide. Anderson, S; Brady, HR; Brenner, BM; Gunning, M; Lafferty, HM, 1990)	1.98
"Manganese is an extremely effective activator of the holoreceptor tyrosine kinase, and under some conditions (low ionic strength) it completely alleviates the need for EGF to stimulate activity."	( Activation of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase by divalent metal ions: comparison of holoreceptor and isolated kinase domain properties. Cerione, RA; Koland, JG, 1990)	1
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element which, upon excessive exposure, produces a neurological syndrome similar to chronic Parkinson's disease in animals and humans. "	( Manganese catalyzed auto-oxidation of dopamine to 6-hydroxydopamine in vitro. Garner, CD; Nachtman, JP, 1989)	3.16
"Manganese therefore acts as a catalyst for the non-enzymatic reaction, but magnesium does not."	( Nonenzymatic phosphorylation of tyrosine and serine by ATP is catalyzed by manganese but not magnesium. Martin, GS; Schieven, G, 1988)	1.23
"Manganese (Mn) is an industrially important metal which, when given in excess, produces lesions in the basal ganglia of rats and humans. "	( Behavioral effects of chronic manganese administration in rats: locomotor activity studies. Commissaris, RL; Nachtman, JP; Tubben, RE, )	1.86
"Manganese is an essential co-factor for GT activity."	( Galactosyltransferases: physical, chemical, and biological aspects. Munjal, DD; Ram, BP, 1985)	0.99
"Manganese is an essential metal of toxicologic concern primarily because of exposure via inhalation. "	( Pulmonary clearance of soluble and insoluble forms of manganese. Drown, DB; Oberg, SG; Sharma, RP, 1986)	1.96
"Manganese is a competitive inhibitor showing a K(i) of 5 x 10(-4) M."	( Magnesium transport in Bacillus subtilis W23 during growth and sporulation. Eisenstadt, E; Scribner, H; Silver, S, 1974)	0.97

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Manganese (Mn) has an antioxidant capacity by enhancing the activity of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD)."	( Protective Effect of Manganese on Apoptosis and Mitochondrial Function of Heat-Stressed Primary Chick Embryonic Myocardial Cells. Guo, Y; Li, J; Qin, S; Shi, Z; Tang, D; Wang, R, 2022)	1.76
"Manganese has an important yet undefined role in the virulence of many bacterial pathogens. "	( Yersinia pseudotuberculosis mntH functions in intracellular manganese accumulation, which is essential for virulence and survival in cells expressing functional Nramp1. Champion, OL; Cooper, IAM; Duffield, M; Ford, DC; Karlyshev, A; Oyston, PCF; Titball, RW; Wren, BW, 2011)	2.05
"Manganese (Mn) has an antioxidant capacity by enhancing the activity of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD)."	( Protective Effect of Manganese on Apoptosis and Mitochondrial Function of Heat-Stressed Primary Chick Embryonic Myocardial Cells. Guo, Y; Li, J; Qin, S; Shi, Z; Tang, D; Wang, R, 2022)	1.76
"Manganese (Mn) ore has been widely concerned as a new type of substrate to remove pollutants in CW due to its high adsorption and redox properties."	( Enhanced performance and mechanisms of sulfamethoxazole removal in vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland by filling manganese ore as the substrate. Dou, X; Feng, L; Li, B; Liu, Y; Xu, D; Zhang, L, 2022)	1.65
"Manganese has recently been exploited for cancer immunotherapy, fenton-like reaction-mediated chemo-dynamic therapy, and magnetic resonance imaging. "	( Manganese-based multifunctional nanoplatform for dual-modal imaging and synergistic therapy of breast cancer. Di, S; Fu, JJ; Gong, J; Gong, L; Lin, Z; Lu, D; Ma, Q; Wang, Y; Xiao, S; Zhang, L; Zhang, Q; Zhu, C, 2022)	3.61
"The manganese (Mn) ion has recently been probed as a potential candidate element for the surface chemistry modification of titanium (Ti) implants in order to develop a more osteogenic surface with the expectation of taking advantage of its strong binding affinity to the integrins on bone-forming cells. "	( Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulated by Surface Manganese Chemistry in SLA Titanium Implants. Park, EK; Park, JW; Tsutsumi, Y, 2022)	1.51
"Manganese has effects on reproductive hormone function as a cofactor for enzymes necessary for cholesterol synthesis."	( Functions of manganese in reproduction. Gabler, NK; Ross, JW; Schweer, WP; Studer, JM, 2022)	1.81
"Manganese (Mn) has attracted widespread attention due to its low-cost, nontoxicity, and valence-rich transition. "	( Manganese-Based Nanozymes: Preparation, Catalytic Mechanisms, and Biomedical Applications. Li, B; Sun, T; Tang, M; Wu, Z; Zhang, Z, 2022)	3.61
"Manganese (Mn) intake has been found to be linked with risk of type 2 diabetes. "	( Plasma Manganese Levels and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study. Cao, X; Chen, R; Chen, X; Cui, W; Gao, Q; Hao, L; Huang, L; Li, Q; Li, X; Lin, L; Liu, J; Tan, T; Tu, M; Wang, X; Wu, J; Wu, M; Wu, Y; Xiao, D; Xiong, T; Xu, S; Yang, H; Yang, N; Yang, S; Yang, X; Zhang, G; Zhang, H; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhong, C; Zhou, X, 2022)	2.62
"Manganese neurotoxicity has been reported to cause a neurodegenerative disease known as parkinsonism. "	( Blockage of KHSRP-NLRP3 by MCC950 Can Reverse the Effect of Manganese-Induced Neuroinflammation in N2a Cells and Rat Brain. Agrawal, H; Almohaimeed, HM; El-Sherbiny, M; Ghoneim, MM; Iqubal, SMS; Khan, AA; Mahnashi, MH; Mannasaheb, BA; More, SS; Muddapur, UM; Shaikh, IA; Singh, S; Soni, HK; Umar, A, 2022)	2.41
"Manganese (Mn) has recently been found to be involved in the activation of the innate immune DNA-sensing cGAS-STING pathway and subsequent anti-DNA virus function."	( Manganese Mediates Its Antiviral Functions in a cGAS-STING Pathway Independent Manner. Cao, Q; Chen, N; Jiang, S; Liu, Z; Luo, J; Meurens, F; Qiu, M; Sun, S; Xu, Y; Zhang, T; Zheng, W; Zhu, J, 2023)	3.07
"Manganese (Mn) exposure has evolved from acute, high-level exposure causing manganism to low, chronic lifetime exposure. "	( Manganese-Induced Parkinsonism: Evidence from Epidemiological and Experimental Studies. Lucchini, R; Tieu, K, 2023)	3.8
"Manganese oxides have been recently investigated as excellent catalysts for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, and the reported mechanisms are mostly forming reactive oxygen species (ROSs). "	( Direct Electron-Transfer-Based Peroxymonosulfate Activation by Iron-Doped Manganese Oxide (δ-MnO Huang, KZ; Zhang, H, 2019)	2.19
"Manganese oxides have been proposed as promising geomedia to remove trace organic contaminants in both natural soils and artificial infiltration systems. "	( Water Flow and Dissolved Mn Hanna, K; Li, Q; Pokharel, R; Zhou, L, 2020)	2
"Manganese (Mn) has the potential to reduce cadmium (Cd) uptake by rice; however, the efficiency depends on its soil availability. "	( Polymer-coated manganese fertilizer and its combination with lime reduces cadmium accumulation in brown rice (Oryza sativa L.). Ding, C; Ding, M; Guo, N; Huang, G; Kamran, M; Wang, X; Zhang, H; Zhang, T; Zhou, Z, 2021)	2.42
"Manganese (Mn) has been shown to enhance the activity of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD)."	( Manganese Mitigates Heat Stress-Induced Apoptosis by Alleviating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Activating the NRF2/SOD2 Pathway in Primary Chick Embryonic Myocardial Cells. Guo, Y; Qin, S; Shi, Z; Tang, D; Wang, R, 2022)	2.89
"Manganese (Mn) sands have been widely used in water purification due to their strong oxidation and adsorption abilities. "	( [Enhanced Removal of Pollutants in Constructed Wetlands with Manganese Sands]. Bai, YH; Lin, H; Ma, Q; Wang, DL, 2021)	2.31
"Manganese has long been employed as a T"	( Preparation and in vivo characterization of Barnhart, TE; Cai, W; Ellison, PA; Engle, JW; Graves, SA; Hernandez, R; Nickles, RJ; Valdovinos, HF, 2017)	1.9
"Manganese ion has been extensively used as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent in preclinical studies to assess tissue anatomy, function, and neuronal connectivity. "	( Anatomy, Functionality, and Neuronal Connectivity with Manganese Radiotracers for Positron Emission Tomography. Bacon, J; Herscovitch, P; Koretsky, AP; Millo, CM; Saar, G; Szajek, LP, 2018)	2.17
"Manganese neurotoxicity has been extensively studied since its discovery in highly exposed workers."	( Neurotoxicity of manganese: Indications for future research and public health intervention from the Manganese 2016 conference. Aschner, M; Cranmer, JM; Landrigan, PJ; Lucchini, RG, 2018)	1.54
"Manganese has been shown to interfere with dopaminergic neurotransmission, but the neurotoxic mechanism involved is not fully resolved."	( Manganese toxicity is targeting an early step in the dopamine signal transduction pathway that controls lateral cilia activity in the bivalve mollusc Crassostrea virginica. Adams, T; Carroll, MA; Catapane, EJ; Nelson, M; Ojo, C, 2018)	2.64
"Manganese (Mn) has recently come into the limelight as an important environmental risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders. "	( Corynoxine B ameliorates HMGB1-dependent autophagy dysfunction during manganese exposure in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Deng, Y; Liu, C; Liu, W; Ma, Z; Wang, C; Xu, B; Yan, D, 2019)	2.19
"Manganese porphyrins have been extensively investigated as model systems for the natural enzyme cytochrome P450 and as synthetic oxidation catalysts. "	( Detection of different oxidation states of individual manganese porphyrins during their reaction with oxygen at a solid/liquid interface. Amabilino, DB; De Feyter, S; den Boer, D; Elemans, JA; Habets, T; Iavicoli, P; Li, M; Nolte, RJ; Rowan, AE; Speller, S, 2013)	2.08
"Manganese has shown to be involved in astrocyte swelling. "	( Antioxidants and NOS inhibitors selectively targets manganese-induced cell volume via Na-K-Cl cotransporter-1 in astrocytes. Alahmari, KA; Chandramoorthy, HC; Prabhakaran, H; Prabhakaran, K; Ramugounder, R, 2015)	2.11
"manganese always has the same valence as calcium."	( Element substitution by living organisms: the case of manganese in mollusc shell aragonite. Geck, J; Glatzel, P; Jacob, DE; Soldati, AL; Swarbrick, JC, 2016)	1.4
"Manganese deficiency has been recognized in a number of species and its signs are impaired growth, impaired reproduction, ataxia, skeletal abnormalities and disorders in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism."	( [Function and disease in manganese]. Kimura, M, 2016)	1.46
"Manganese (Mn) has several essential functions in plants, including a role as cofactor in the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII). "	( Identification of manganese efficiency candidate genes in winter barley (Hordeum vulgare) using genome wide association mapping. Husted, S; Leplat, F; Pedas, PR; Rasmussen, SK, 2016)	2.21
"Oral manganese has only recently been added to the treatment."	( A SLC39A8 variant causes manganese deficiency, and glycosylation and mitochondrial disorders. Bahlo, M; Balasubramaniam, S; Christodoulou, J; Cowley, MJ; Gayevskiy, V; Prelog, K; Riley, LG; Roscioli, T; Sue, CM; Thorburn, DR, 2017)	1.21
"Manganese has been used as a T(1)-weighted MRI contrast agent in a variety of applications. "	( Monitoring dynamic alterations in calcium homeostasis by T (1)-weighted and T (1)-mapping cardiac manganese-enhanced MRI in a murine myocardial infarction model. Chuang, KH; Edwards, T; Hu, TC; Waghorn, B; Yanasak, N; Yang, Y, 2008)	2.01
"High manganese exposures have been associated with negative reproductive outcomes in animals, but few epidemiologic studies have examined the effects of human fetal manganese exposure."	( Maternal blood manganese levels and infant birth weight. Amarasiriwardena, CJ; Bouchard, M; Ettinger, AS; Hu, H; Schwartz, J; Wright, RO; Zota, AR, 2009)	1.16
"Manganese has emerged as an important trace element in bacterial physiology. "	( New insights into the protective effect of manganese against oxidative stress. McEwan, AG, 2009)	2.06
"Manganese (Mn(2+)) has limited permeability through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). "	( Temporary disruption of the rat blood-brain barrier with a monoclonal antibody: a novel method for dynamic manganese-enhanced MRI. Chefer, SI; Demny, S; Lu, H; Rea, W; Stein, EA; Vaupel, DB; Wang, L; Yang, Y; Zuo, Y, 2010)	2.02
"Manganese has been known to induce neurological disorders. "	( Manganese induces the overexpression of α-synuclein in PC12 cells via ERK activation. Cai, T; Cao, Y; Chen, J; Chen, Y; Du, K; Luo, W; Shen, X; Yao, T; Zheng, G, 2010)	3.25
"Manganese has an important yet undefined role in the virulence of many bacterial pathogens. "	( Yersinia pseudotuberculosis mntH functions in intracellular manganese accumulation, which is essential for virulence and survival in cells expressing functional Nramp1. Champion, OL; Cooper, IAM; Duffield, M; Ford, DC; Karlyshev, A; Oyston, PCF; Titball, RW; Wren, BW, 2011)	2.05
"Manganese has been known to induce neurological disorders similar to Parkinson's disease. "	( Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation by manganese is associated with reactive oxygen species and ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, not MAPKs signaling. Li, H; Lian, S; Lin, W; Shi, N; Wu, S, 2011)	2.1
"Manganese (Mn) toxicity has been reported in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. "	( Optimisation of whole blood and plasma manganese assay by ICP-MS without use of a collision cell. Nelms, S; Richardson, C; Roberts, E; Roberts, NB, 2011)	2.08
"Oxomanganese(V) species have been implicated in a variety of biological and synthetic processes, including their role as a key reactive center within the oxygen-evolving complex in photosynthesis. "	( Preparation and properties of a monomeric high-spin Mn(V)-oxo complex. Borovik, AS; Boyce, DW; Gupta, R; Hendrich, MP; Lassalle-Kaiser, B; Taguchi, T; Tolman, WB; Yachandra, VK; Yano, J, 2012)	1
"Manganese has been known to induce neurological disorders similar to parkinsonisms for a long time. "	( Manganese-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Hirata, Y, )	3.02
"Manganese solubility has become a primary concern in the soils and water supplies in the Alamosa River basin, Colorado due to both crop toxicity problems and concentrations that exceed water quality standards. "	( Solubilization of manganese and trace metals in soils affected by acid mine runoff. Butters, GL; Cardon, GE; Green, CH; Heil, DM; Kelly, EF, )	1.91
"Manganese has wide industrial applications and exposure to manganese can result in serious health conditions. "	( Assessment of male reproductive system in the CD-1 mice following oral manganese exposure. Bailey, KS; Graves, KA; Iszard, MB; Ponnapakkam, TP, )	1.81
"High manganese content has been reported in the globus pallidus in animals as well as brain tissues of patients dying of HE."	( Role of trace elements in hepatic encephalopathy: zinc and manganese. Chetri, K; Choudhuri, G, 2003)	1.02
"Manganese neurotoxicity has been demonstrated in patients with chronic liver/biliary failure where an inability to excrete manganese via the biliary system causes increased serum levels, and in patients on total parenteral nutrition (TPN), occupational/inhalational exposure, or other source of excess exogenous manganese."	( Diffusion abnormalities of the globi pallidi in manganese neurotoxicity. Casey, S; Clark, HB; Filice, RW; Liu, HY; McKinney, AM; Teksam, M; Truwit, C; Woon, C, 2004)	1.3
"Manganese has been proposed as an additive to gasoline (as a replacement for the catalytic properties of lead), which has generated increased research interest in the possible deleterious effects of environmental exposure to manganese."	( Does environmental exposure to manganese pose a health risk to healthy adults? Finley, JW, 2004)	1.33
"Manganese doping has been shown to increase the UVA:UVB absorption ratio of titania, reduce free radical generation rates by over 90%, and provide free radical scavenging behaviour."	( The effects of manganese doping on UVA absorption and free radical generation of micronised titanium dioxide and its consequences for the photostability of UVA absorbing organic sunscreen components. Holland, E; Knowland, J; Lipscomb, S; Wakefield, G, 2004)	1.4
"Manganese, which has properties similar to Mg, may exacerbate Mg-deficiency and be accumulated by mitochondria resulting in ultrastructural damage."	( Manganese alters mitochodrial integrity in the hearts of swine marginally deficient in magnesium. Caton, JS; Finley, JW; Miller, KB; Newman, SM, 2004)	2.49
"The manganese(II) ion has many favorable properties that lead to its potential use as an MRI contrast agent: high spin number, long electronic relaxation time, labile water exchange. "	( Synthesis and evaluation of a high relaxivity manganese(II)-based MRI contrast agent. Caravan, P; Dumas, S; Greenfield, MT; Greenwood, JM; McMurry, TJ; Spiller, M; Troughton, JS; Wang, J; Wiethoff, AJ, 2004)	1.14
"Manganese has catalytic effect."	( [Study on the catalytic spectrophotometric determination of trace manganese]. Jia, X; Qin, Y, 1999)	1.26
"The manganese ion (Mn2+) has long been used in biomedical research as an indicator of calcium (Ca2+) influx in conjunction with fluorescent microscopy because it is well established that Mn2+ enters cells through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. "	( Biological applications of manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Pautler, RG, 2006)	1.19
"A oxomanganese(IV) complex has been prepared from [MnIIIH3buea(O)]2- ([H3buea]3-, tris[(N'-tert-butylureaylato)-N-ethylene]aminato), a monomeric MnIII-O complex in which the oxo ligand arises from cleavage of dioxygen."	( Preparation and properties of a monomeric Mn(IV)-oxo complex. Behan, RK; Borovik, AS; Green, MT; Hendrich, MP; Parsell, TH, 2006)	0.79
"Manganese and zinc have been shown to interact with PrPC as well and have been found in abnormal levels in prion diseases."	( Trace elements and prion diseases: a review of the interactions of copper, manganese and zinc with the prion protein. Hamar, D; Leach, SP; Salman, MD, )	1.08
"Manganese levels have been measured in various brain regions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and aging using instrumental neutron activation analysis. "	( Brain manganese concentrations in human aging and Alzheimer's disease. Alauddin, M; Ehmann, WD; Hossain, TI; Markesbery, WR, 1984)	2.19
"1. Manganese ions (Mn2+) have been used in the last few decades as one of a number of inorganic Ca2+ channel blockers to investigate Ca2+ channels in excitable smooth muscle cells. "	( Actions of manganese ions in contraction of smooth muscle. Nasu, T, 1995)	1.3
"Manganese intoxication has been described in children on long term parenteral nutrition presenting with liver and nervous system disorders. "	( Long-term outcome of brain manganese deposition in patients on home parenteral nutrition. Bynevelt, M; Fell, J; Kafritsa, Y; Long, S; Milla, P; Taylor, W, 1998)	2.04
"Manganese(II) has been shown to exhibit catalase-like activity under physiological conditions. "	( Mitochondria play no roles in Mn(II)-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells. Chock, PB; Oubrahim, H; Stadtman, ER, 2001)	1.75
"Manganese concentration has been measured in the different subcellular fractions of live cells of normal and thyroidectomized rats. "	( [Subcellular distribution of Mn2+ and its effects on the respiration of rat liver mitochondria in different thyroid states]. Autissier, N; Dumas, P, 1975)	1.7
"Manganese has been proven to be an essential trace element in animals since 1931. "	( Mn-content of total parenteral and enteral nutrition. De Leeuw, I; Deelstra, H; Ieven, M; Stobbaerts, RF, 1992)	1.73

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Manganese plays a complex role in the virulence of a variety of pathogens due to its function as an antioxidant and enzymatic cofactor."	( A Unique Reverse Adaptation Mechanism Assists Bordetella pertussis in Resistance to Both Scarcity and Toxicity of Manganese. Čapek, J; Hot, D; Matoušek, T; Procházková, I; Večerek, B, 2021)	1.55
"Manganese-oxo species catalyze key reactions, including C-H bond activation or dioxygen formation in natural photosynthesis. "	( Soft X-ray signatures of cationic manganese-oxo systems, including a high-spin manganese(V) complex. Bülow, C; Delcey, MG; Lau, JT; Lindblad, R; Lundberg, M; Timm, M; von Issendorff, B; Zamudio-Bayer, V, 2022)	2.44
"Manganese (Mn) plays an essential role in plant growth; however, excessive Mn is toxic to plants. "	( Photosynthesis-related physiology and metabolomics responses of Guan, X; Li, Y; Liu, K; Liu, Z; Wang, Y; Yu, F, 2023)	2.35
"Manganese (Mn) plays a complex role in the survival of pathogenic and symbiotic bacteria in eukaryotic hosts and is also important for free-living bacteria to thrive in stressful environments. "	( Bacterial manganese sensing and homeostasis. Waters, LS, 2020)	2.4
"Manganese (Mn) plays an important role in many physiological processes. "	( Kinetic and protective role of autophagy in manganese-exposed BV-2 cells. Gorojod, RM; Kotler, ML; Porte Alcon, S, 2020)	2.26
"Manganese (Mn) plays an important role in the oxygen-evolving complex, where energy from light absorption is used for water splitting. "	( High light intensity aggravates latent manganese deficiency in maize. Husted, S; Kristensen, RK; Long, L; Pedas, PR; Schjoerring, JK; Schulze, WX; Yuan, L; Zhang, G, 2020)	2.27
"Manganese (Mn) plays a critical role in individual growth and development, yet excessive exposure can result in neurotoxicity, especially cognitive impairment. "	( Pivotal role of cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling pathway in manganese-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Huang, Y; Liang, G; Ma, S; Wang, J; Wei, F; Yang, X; Yang, Y; Zou, Y, 2019)	2.21
"Manganese (Mn) can cause manganism, a neurological disorder similar to Parkinson' Disease (PD). "	( Evaluation of neurobehavioral and neuroinflammatory end-points in the post-exposure period in rats sub-acutely exposed to manganese. Andrade, V; Aschner, M; Batoréu, MC; Camila, BM; Davis Randall, L; Dinamene, S; Edite, T; Luisa, MM; Marreilha dos Santos, AP; Mateus, ML; Michael, A; Ramos, R; Ruben, R; Santos, D; Tavares de Almeida, I; Torres, E; Vanda, A, 2013)	2.04
"Manganese (Mn(2+)) plays a key role in important cellular functions such as oxidative stress response and bacterial virulence. "	( The cation diffusion facilitator protein EmfA of Rhizobium etli belongs to a novel subfamily of Mn(2+)/Fe(2+) transporters conserved in α-proteobacteria. Cubillas, C; Dávalos, A; García-de los Santos, A; Hernández-Lucas, I; Romero, D; Tabche, ML; Vázquez, A; Vinuesa, P, 2014)	1.85
"Manganese (Mn) plays a vital role in brain growth and development, yet excessive exposure can result in neurotoxicity. "	( Manganese Exposure and Neurocognitive Outcomes in Rural School-Age Children: The Communities Actively Researching Exposure Study (Ohio, USA). Alden, J; Aldous, KM; Barnas, M; Beidler, C; Dietrich, KN; Haynes, EN; Kuhnell, P; Parsons, PJ; Praamsma, ML; Sucharew, H; Wright, RO, 2015)	3.3
"Manganese plays a fundamental role in this history because it lends the critical redox behavior of the water-oxidizing complex of photosystem II."	( Manganese and the Evolution of Photosynthesis. Fischer, WW; Hemp, J; Johnson, JE, 2015)	2.58
"Manganese in excess promotes unstable emotional behavior. "	( Effect of olfactory manganese exposure on anxiety-related behavior in a mouse model of iron overload hemochromatosis. Kim, J; Ye, Q, 2015)	2.18
"Manganese plays a central role in cellular detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). "	( The Staphylococcus aureus ABC-Type Manganese Transporter MntABC Is Critical for Reinitiation of Bacterial Replication Following Exposure to Phagocytic Oxidative Burst. Alexander, MK; Bakalarski, C; Cheung, TK; Coady, A; Kim, J; Lehar, SM; Nishiyama, M; Park, S; Phung, Q; Tan, MW; Xu, M, 2015)	2.14
"Manganese retention was lower (P < 0.05) in turkeys fed with diets supplemented solely with ITMB than those fed with diets containing vitamins B2 and/or B6 additives."	( Bioavailability of Cu, Zn and Mn from Mineral Chelates or Blends of Inorganic Salts in Growing Turkeys Fed with Supplemental Riboflavin and/or Pyridoxine. Bello, FA; Fafiolu, AO; Jegede, AV; Oluwatosin, OO; Oso, AO; Pirgozliev, V; Salami, SA; Sogunle, OM, 2016)	1.16
"Manganese plays an important role in the cellular physiology and metabolism of bacterial species, including the human pathogen Vibrio cholerae The intracellular level of manganese ions is controlled through coordinated regulation of the import and export of this element. "	( Identification and Characterization of a Putative Manganese Export Protein in Vibrio cholerae. Fisher, CR; Payne, SM; Peng, ED; Wyckoff, EE, 2016)	2.13
"Manganese was high in shallow wells and borehole water samples with the highest levels as 0.538 and 0.325 mg/l, respectively."	( Heavy metal contamination of foods by refuse dump sites in Awka, southeastern Nigeria. Chendo, MN; Ezenwa, TE; Ezenweke, LO; Nduka, JK; Orisakwe, OE, 2008)	1.07
"Manganese may suppress PC12 cells proliferation and induce apoptosis. "	( [Protective effect of tert-butylhydroquinone on PC12 cells from neurotoxicity induced by manganese in vitro]. Li, HY; Li, T; Lin, W; Shi, N; Wu, SY; Zhang, WC; Zhou, WH, 2009)	2.02
"Manganese toxicity can cause a neurodegenerative disorder affecting cortical and basal ganglia structures with a neurological presentation resembling features of Parkinson's disease. "	( Manganese-induced NF-kappaB activation and nitrosative stress is decreased by estrogen in juvenile mice. Hanneman, WH; Moreno, JA; Streifel, KM; Sullivan, KA; Tjalkens, RB, 2011)	3.25
"Manganese is known to cause central nervous system injury leading to parkinsonism and to contribute to the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. "	( Manganese induces the mitochondrial permeability transition in cultured astrocytes. Norenberg, MD; Rao, KV, 2004)	3.21
"Manganese homeostasis plays a major role in oxidative stress protection in a variety of organisms; however, the transport and role of this metal in P."	( Role of Porphyromonas gingivalis FeoB2 in metal uptake and oxidative stress protection. Anaya, C; He, J; Lewis, JP; Miyazaki, H; Yeudall, WA; Yu, F, 2006)	1.06
"Manganese plays significant role in the free radical defense system as MnSOD, which protects the endothelial and red blood cells and mitochondria from the damage caused by superoxide radicals."	( [The role of manganese in the human organism]. Balla, J; Fodor, J; Lakatos, B; Szentmihályi, K; Vinkler, P, 2006)	1.42
"Manganese exposure can cause neurobehavioral and neurological signs and symptoms. "	( Neuropsychological testing for the assessment of manganese neurotoxicity: a review and a proposal. Albini, E; Lucchini, R; Zoni, S, 2007)	2.04
"Manganese may cause respiratory problems and is implicated in causing the occurrence of Parkinson-like symptoms."	( Development of a field method for measuring manganese in welding fume. Dale Marcy, A; Drake, PL, 2007)	1.32
"The manganese-dependent increase in the rate of protein folding concurred with a specific increase in the amount of symmetric GroEL14-(GroES7)2 particles detected in a chaperonin solution."	( Increased efficiency of GroE-assisted protein folding by manganese ions. Azem, A; Diamant, S; Goloubinoff, P; Weiss, C, 1995)	1.02
"Manganese poisoning may cause extrapyramidal signs such as parkinsonism, dystonia and chorea."	( [Manganese poisoning due to use of Chien Pu Wan tablets]. Boreas, AM; de Krom, MC; Hardy, EL, 1994)	1.92
"Manganese (Mn(2+)) promotes specific cleavage at two major (I and III) and four minor (II, IV, V and VI) sites, in addition to slow non-specific cleavage, in a 659-nucleotide RNA containing the Cr.LSU group I intron. "	( Quantitative studies of Mn(2+)-promoted specific and non-specific cleavages of a large RNA: Mn(2+)-GAAA ribozymes and the evolution of small ribozymes. Herrin, DL; Kuo, TC, 2000)	1.75
"Manganese displays a somewhat unique behaviour with regard to its toxicity."	( Carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and teratogenicity of manganese compounds. Gerber, GB; Hantson, P; Léonard, A, 2002)	1.29
"Manganese promotes spreading by decreasing F-actin disassembly and maintaining a high level of cytosolic ATP, most probably because it is not accepted by the calcium pumps."	( Spreading of trypsinized cells: cytoskeletal dynamics and energy requirements. Bereiter-Hahn, J; Lück, M; Miebach, T; Stelzer, HK; Vöth, M, 1990)	1

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Manganese treatment at the reported therapeutic concentration was toxic to Vero cells in culture and to CD-1 mice."	( Failure of manganese to protect from Shiga toxin. Gaston, MA; Pellino, CA; Weiss, AA, 2013)	1.5
"The manganese treatments diminished growth along with photosynthetic attributes and carbonic anhydrase activity in the concentration-dependent manner, whereas it enhanced lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, accumulation of H2O2 as well as proline, and various antioxidant enzymes in the leaves of Brassica juncea which were more pronounced at higher concentrations of manganese."	( 24-epibrassinolide mitigates the adverse effects of manganese induced toxicity through improved antioxidant system and photosynthetic attributes in Brassica juncea. Ahmed, M; Fariduddin, Q; Khan, TA; Mir, BA; Yusuf, M, 2015)	1.15
"Manganese-treated rats were s.c."	( Manganese exposure alters the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit mRNAs and proteins in rat striatum. Deng, Y; Xu, B; Xu, ZF, )	2.3
"Manganese treatment caused alterations in levels of striatal dopamine, as well as increases in NF-κB reporter activity and NOS2 expression in both microglia and astrocytes that were prevented by supplementation with E2."	( Manganese-induced NF-kappaB activation and nitrosative stress is decreased by estrogen in juvenile mice. Hanneman, WH; Moreno, JA; Streifel, KM; Sullivan, KA; Tjalkens, RB, 2011)	2.53
"Manganese treatment also led to increased phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated protein kinase-1/2 (ERK-1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1 (JNK-1), protein kinase B (PKB), S6 and eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2α (eIF-2α) in A549 cells."	( The fruit juice of Morinda citrifolia (noni) downregulates HIF-1α protein expression through inhibition of PKB, ERK-1/2, JNK-1 and S6 in manganese-stimulated A549 human lung cancer cells. Jang, BC, 2012)	1.3
"The manganese-treated group fed high fat had improved glucose tolerance (24% decrease in fasting glucose and 41% decrease in area under the glucose curve), comparable with mice on normal chow and increased serum insulin levels."	( Manganese supplementation protects against diet-induced diabetes in wild type mice by enhancing insulin secretion. Cooksey, RC; Jones, D; Jouihan, HA; Kim, HJ; Lee, SH; McClain, DA; Winge, DR, 2013)	2.31
"Manganese treatment produced increased aspartate (P < 0.01) in the manganese and 6-OHDA treated striatum."	( Low cumulative manganese exposure affects striatal GABA but not dopamine. Gwiazda, RH; Lee, D; Sheridan, J; Smith, DR, 2002)	1.39
"Manganese treatment increased honey bee sucrose responsiveness and caused precocious foraging."	( Phenotypic deconstruction reveals involvement of manganese transporter malvolio in honey bee division of labor. Ben-Shahar, Y; Dudek, NL; Robinson, GE, 2004)	1.3
"Manganese treatment produced no change in thyroid T4 and T3 levels but induced a significant decrease in serum T4, T3 and TSH levels."	( Effects of manganese ions on thyroid function in rat. Autissier, N; Buthieau, AM, 1983)	1.38
"Manganese treatment produced a decrease in DA level and turnover in the corpus striatum but not in the rest of the brain."	( Dopamine and norepinephrine turnover in various regions of the rat brain after chronic manganese chloride administration. Autissier, N; Beley, A; Bralet, J; Dumas, P; Loireau, A; Rochette, L, 1982)	1.21
"Manganese treatment produced an initial increase in the contents of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), homovanillic acid (HVA) and tyrosine in the corpus striatum."	( Concentrations of striatal catecholamines in rats given manganese chloride through drinking water. Chandra, SV; Shukla, GS, 1981)	1.23
"Manganese treatment (50 mu m) resulted in reduced levels of proteoglycan, cell protein, DNA synthesis, and collagen synthesis, although AP specific activity did not change."	( Effect of metal ions on calcifying growth plate cartilage chondrocytes. Ishikawa, Y; Litchfield, TM; Sauer, GR; Wu, LN; Wuthier, RE, 1998)	1.02
"Manganese treatment elicited endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses, such as an increased level of the ER chaperone BiP, and simultaneously activated the ER resident caspase-12."	( Manganese induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activates multiple caspases in nigral dopaminergic neuronal cells, SN4741. Chun, HS; Lee, H; Son, JH, 2001)	2.47
"Manganese treatment significantly decreased GAD mRNA levels in individual GABAergic neurons in globus pallidus but not in striatum."	( Differential regulation of glutamic acid decarboxylase mRNA and tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA expression in the aged manganese-treated rats. Cano, J; Cruz Sánchez-Hidalgo, M; Herrera, AJ; Machado, A; Tomás-Camardiel, M; Venero, JL, 2002)	1.25
"Manganese treatment after the inducing metal was relatively ineffective in preventing the induction of heme oxygenase."	( Manganese and zinc blockade of enzyme induction: studies with microsomal heme oxygenase. Drummond, GS; Kappas, A, 1979)	2.42
"Treatment with manganese largely induced expression of HIF-1α protein but did not affect HIF-1α mRNA expression in A549 cells, suggesting the metal-mediated co- and/or post-translational HIF-1α upregulation."	( The fruit juice of Morinda citrifolia (noni) downregulates HIF-1α protein expression through inhibition of PKB, ERK-1/2, JNK-1 and S6 in manganese-stimulated A549 human lung cancer cells. Jang, BC, 2012)	0.92
"Treatment with manganese resulted in accumulation of parkin protein in SH-SY5Y cells and its redistribution to the perinuclear region, especially aggregated Golgi complex, while in Neuro-2a cells neither expression nor redistribution of parkin was noted."	( Parkin attenuates manganese-induced dopaminergic cell death. Asanuma, M; Hattori, N; Higashi, Y; Miyazaki, I; Mizuno, Y; Ogawa, N, 2004)	1
"Mice treated with manganese chloride (MnCl2) showed increases in brain manganese comparable to those of the mice showing seizure activity due to MMT, but exhibited no sign of seizure activity."	( Neurotoxic effects of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) in the mouse: basis of MMT-induced seizure activity. Fishman, BE; Gianutsos, G; McGinley, PA, 1987)	0.86

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The observations by Couper in 1837 are acknowledged as the earliest description of the toxic syndrome associated with chronic manganese (Mn) exposure."	( Manganese neurotoxicity: cellular effects and blood-brain barrier transport. Aschner, JL; Aschner, M, 1991)	1.93
" In acute toxicity studies, exposure to MM in diet had no effect on LD50 values obtained eight days after oral administration of Cd, Hg or Mn to rats of different ages."	( Effect of a metal mixture in diet on the toxicokinetics and toxicity of cadmium, mercury and manganese in rats. Blanusa, M; Kello, D; Kostial, K; Maljković, T; Rabar, I; Stara, JF, 1989)	0.5
"To establish some of the necessary steps in the toxic action of paraquat for cultured mammalian cells, we isolated paraquat-resistant HeLa cells after lethal increments in concentration of paraquat in the medium."	( Superoxide mediates the toxicity of paraquat for cultured mammalian cells. Bagley, AC; Hallewell, RA; Krall, J; Lynch, RE; Mullenbach, GT, 1988)	0.27
" These findings are in agreement with previous observations suggesting that manganese increases toxic products originating from dopamine catabolism."	( Role of dopamine in manganese neurotoxicity. Cappabianca, V; Groppetti, A; Parati, EA; Parenti, M; Rusconi, L, 1988)	0.83
"Simultaneous treatment with cadmium chloride (5 micrograms/ml medium) and manganese chloride (5 or 10 micrograms/ml medium) was less toxic to mouse pre-implantation zygotes in vitro than cadmium alone."	( Cadmium toxicity on mouse pre-implantation zygotes in vitro: interactions of cadmium with manganese, zinc and calcium ions. Chan, ST; Yu, HS, 1988)	0.73
" The LD50 associated with seizure activity was lower in mice receiving MMT in propylene glycol (152 mg/kg) than in those receiving MMT in corn oil (999 mg/kg)."	( Neurotoxic effects of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) in the mouse: basis of MMT-induced seizure activity. Fishman, BE; Gianutsos, G; McGinley, PA, 1987)	0.53
" These findings suggested to us that the Mn-deficient rat may be especially susceptible to the toxic effects of ethanol, as the metabolism of this compound results in production of superoxide anion."	( Manganese deficiency: effects on susceptibility to ethanol toxicity in rats. Hurley, LS; Keen, CL; Lönnerdal, B; Zidenberg-Cherr, S, 1985)	1.71
" These results suggest that CMT does not require metabolic activation to produce toxic effects, and that prior exposure to CMT produces tolerance."	( The acute toxicity of cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl in the rat. Hanzlik, RP; Hogberg, K; Penney, DA; Traiger, GJ, 1985)	0.54
" In one steer an infusion of manganese chloride at 529 mumol per minute was toxic and in two steers infusions at approximately 840 mumol per minute were also toxic, causing inappetence, a reduced bile flow and abdominal discomfort."	( Acute manganese toxicity and the absorption and biliary excretion of manganese in cattle. Hall, ED; Symonds, HW, 1983)	1.04
" As Cd is toxic to isolated hepatocytes, these cells can be used to investigate the effects of other metals on Cd-induced cellular injury."	( Interaction of metal ions with cadmium-induced cellular toxicity. Klaassen, CD; Stacey, NH, 1981)	0.26
" Perfusion under conditions of low pO2 (30 to 40 mm Hg) or with inhibitors of the toxic effects of hyperbaric oxygen (CO2+ Mn2+) preserved homogenate respiratory activity better than with normal pO2 (150 mm Hg) or high pO2 (300 mm Hg)."	( Toxicity of oxygen to mitochondrial respiratory activity in hypothermically perfused canine kidneys. Belzer, FO; Hoffmann, RM; Senzig, KA; Southard, JH, 1980)	0.26
" Such an unusual energy drain for rapid initial Cd2+ influx is suggested to be due to a series of toxic events elicited by Cd2+ accumulation down delta psi generated via the redox proton pump: (i) strong inhibition of glutamate oxidation accompanied by a decrease of electrochemical proton gradient (delta mu H+) formation via the respiratory chain, (ii) automatic reversal of ATP synthetase from biosynthetic to hydrolytic mode, which was monitored by a decrease of delta mu (H+)-dependent ATP synthesis, (iii) acceleration of the initial Cd2+ influx down delta psi generated by the reversed ATP synthetase, the alternative proton pump hydrolyzing endogenous ATP."	( Energetic basis of cadmium toxicity in Staphylococcus aureus. Malm, A; Tynecka, Z, 1995)	0.29
" No adverse events were noted."	( Safety and optimum concentration of a manganese chloride-based oral MR contrast agent. Bernardino, ME; Mitchell, DG; Morris, M; Small, WC; Weinreb, JC, )	0.4
" The no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) for maternal toxicity of MnCl2 x 4H(2)0 in mice was 4 mg/kg/day, while the NOAEL for embryo/fetal toxicity was 2 mg/kg/day."	( Maternal and developmental toxicity of manganese in the mouse. Domingo, JL; Keen, CL; Llobet, JM; Sánchez, DJ, 1993)	0.56
" The authors conclude that slow administration of 5 mumol/kg Mn-DPDP at a concentration of 10 mumol/mL is safe and efficient enough to proceed to further clinical trials."	( Mn-DPDP-enhanced MR imaging of malignant liver lesions: efficacy and safety in 20 patients. Aicher, KP; Claussen, CD; Duda, SH; Grönewäller, E; Kopp, AF; Laniado, M, )	0.13
" These findings suggest that (1) pallidal MR signal hyperintensity in patients with chronic liver disease is the result of manganese deposition and (2) alterations of dopaminergic function due to the toxic effects of manganese may contribute to the extrapyramidal symptoms in these patients."	( Manganese toxicity, dopaminergic dysfunction and hepatic encephalopathy. Butterworth, RF; Fontaine, S; Layrargues, GP; Spahr, L, 1995)	1.94
"Copper and manganese, two essential metals involved in physiological and physiopathological processes in the brain, were measured in corpora striata of rats 7 days after intrastriatal injection of quinolinic acid (QUIN, 240 nmol/l microliters), an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist with toxic activity."	( Quinolinic acid neurotoxicity: in vivo increased copper and manganese content in rat corpus striatum after quinolinate intrastriatal injection. Flores, A; Galván-Arzate, S; Osorio-Rico, L; Pérez, P; Ríos, C; Santamaría, A; Solís, F, 1996)	0.93
" The results indicate that, contrary to current hypotheses, the toxic mode of Al is not through an interaction with enzymatic catalytic metal binding sites but may be through the interaction with specific membrane lipids."	( Aluminum interaction with plasma membrane lipids and enzyme metal binding sites and its potential role in Al cytotoxicity. Jones, DL; Kochian, LV, 1997)	0.3
"6 mg of Cu/kg of bm/d for an indefinite period, provided there are no other sources of copper, such as may occur with air-pollution, or provided no other adverse mineral interactions occur, such as may occur with molybdenum deficiency."	( Experimentally induced chronic copper toxicity in cattle. Gummow, B, 1996)	0.29
" Growth inhibition by Mn2+, in the absence of a Mg2+ supplement, was attributed to Mn2+ accumulation to toxic intracellular levels."	( Manganese toxicity towards Saccharomyces cerevisiae: dependence on intracellular and extracellular magnesium concentrations. Avery, SV; Blackwell, KJ; Tobin, JM, 1998)	1.74
" Thus these results have shown that, despite significant bioaccumulation of manganese in some tissues, no significant toxic effects could be seen."	( Bioaccumulation of manganese and its toxicity in feral pigeons (Columba livia) exposed to manganese oxide dust (Mn3O4). Chakrabarti, S; Kennedy, G; Loranger, S; Sierra, P; Tounkara, R; Zayed, J, 1998)	0.86
"Excessive manganese (Mn) has been associated with neurobehavioral deficits and neurological and/or neuropsychiatric illness, but the level at which this metal can cause adverse neurotoxic effects, particularly with long-term exposure, is still unknown."	( Manganese neurotoxicity, a continuum of dysfunction: results from a community based study. Baldwin, M; Bélanger, S; Beuter, A; Bowler, R; de Geoffroy, A; Edwards, R; Hudnell, K; Larribe, F; Mergler, D; Panisset, M; Sassine, MP, )	1.98
" Overexpression of a TOR1 kinase-inactive mutant, or of a central region of the TOR proteins distinct from the FRB and kinase domains, was toxic in yeast, and overexpression of wild-type TOR1 suppressed this toxic effect."	( Protein kinase activity and identification of a toxic effector domain of the target of rapamycin TOR proteins in yeast. Alarcon, CM; Cardenas, ME; Heitman, J, 1999)	0.3
" Manganese is also quite toxic when ingested in large amounts, such as the inhalation of Mn-laden dust by miners."	( Manganese deficiency and toxicity: are high or low dietary amounts of manganese cause for concern? Davis, CD; Finley, JW, 1999)	2.66
" Among possible metabolites from mancozeb breakdown, neither Mn2+ nor ethylenethiourea (ETU) is particularly toxic even at 10% of the optimum mancozeb dosage."	( The toxicity of dithiocarbamate fungicides to soil nematodes, assessed using a stress-inducible transgenic strain of Caenorhabditis elegans. Allender, R; Avramides, S; de Pomerai, DI; Guven, K; Power, RS, 1999)	0.3
"Manganese is a toxic element frequently overlooked when assessing toxicity of effluents, sediments, and pore waters."	( Toxicity of manganese to Ceriodaphnia dubia and Hyalella azteca. Bogenrieder, KJ; Lasier, PJ; Winger, PV, 2000)	2.13
"A standard method of algal bioassay for evaluating the toxicity of toxic chemicals was applied in the study."	( [Toxic effects of Cu, Zn and Mn on the inhibition of Chlorella pyrenoidosa's growth]. Lin, Y; Wang, X; Wen, G; Yan, H, 2001)	0.31
"Manganese (Mn) in excess is toxic to neurons of the globus pallidus, leading to a Parkinsonian-like syndrome."	( Manganese toxicity is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA fragmentation in rat primary striatal neurons. Malecki, EA, 2001)	3.2
"The use of the additive methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl in unleaded gasoline has resulted in increased attention to the potential toxic effects of manganese (Mn)."	( Assessment of bioaccumulation and neurotoxicity in rats with portacaval anastomosis and exposed to manganese phosphate: a pilot study. Butterworth, RF; Carrier, G; Hazell, A; Kennedy, G; Mergler, D; Normandin, L; Philippe, S; Salehi, F; Therrien, G; Zayed, J, 2001)	0.78
"Manganese (Mn) is ubiquitous in mammalian systems and is essential for proper development and function, though it can also be toxic at elevated exposures."	( Manganese oxidation state and its implications for toxicity. Kwik-Uribe, CL; Reaney, SH; Smith, DR, 2002)	3.2
"In vitro studies have demonstrated that interleukin (IL)-1beta decreases insulin and DNA contents in pancreatic islet beta cells, causing structural damage, that it is toxic to cultured human islet beta cells and that it is able to induce apoptosis in these cells."	( An imidazoline compound completely counteracts interleukin-1[beta] toxic effects to rat pancreatic islet [beta] cells. Bendtzen, K; Galdieri, M; Nicoletti, F; Papaccio, G; Pisanti, FA, 2002)	0.31
" RX blocked all toxic effects of IL-1beta by maintaining insulin secretion and islet beta cell phenotype, including the inhibition of nonspecific proteins and of iNOS induction."	( An imidazoline compound completely counteracts interleukin-1[beta] toxic effects to rat pancreatic islet [beta] cells. Bendtzen, K; Galdieri, M; Nicoletti, F; Papaccio, G; Pisanti, FA, 2002)	0.31
"Endogenous or exogenous substances that are toxic to dopaminergic cells have been proposed as possible cause of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD)."	( Subtoxic concentration of manganese synergistically potentiates 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Wang, RG; Zhu, XZ, 2003)	0.62
" Adverse events and discomfort were recorded and graded in all patients."	( Safety and efficacy of Mangafodipir trisodium in patients with liver lesions and cirrhosis. de Beeck, BO; Fagertun, H; Fog, AF; Kane, P; Martí-Bonmatí, L, 2003)	0.32
"Magnetic resonance contrast agents, particularly the gadolinium-based agents, are extremely safe and lack the nephrotoxicity associated with iodinated contrast media."	( Contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging: safety update. Kirchin, MA; Runge, VM, 2003)	0.32
"Manganese is an essential trace metal required for normal central nervous system function, which is toxic when in excess amounts in serum."	( Diffusion abnormalities of the globi pallidi in manganese neurotoxicity. Casey, S; Clark, HB; Filice, RW; Liu, HY; McKinney, AM; Teksam, M; Truwit, C; Woon, C, 2004)	2.02
" Mn was demonstrated to be more toxic in the catecholamine-producing CATH."	( Manganese-induced cytotoxicity in dopamine-producing cells. Aschner, M; Freeman, WM; Johnson, EA; Lash, LH; Stokes, AH; Stredrick, DL; Vrana, KE; Worst, TJ, 2004)	1.77
" cerevisiae MAM3 as a gene which, when deleted, would increase cellular tolerance to toxic levels of manganese and also increased the cell's resistance towards cobalt and zinc."	( Manganese toxicity and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mam3p, a member of the ACDP (ancient conserved domain protein) family. Culotta, VC; Gardner, AJ; Jensen, LT; Yang, M, 2005)	1.99
" It is highly likely that critical, limiting steps in any given mechanistic pathway may become overwhelmed with increasing exposures, signaling the emergence of new modalities of toxic tissue injury at these higher doses."	( Dose-dependent transitions in mechanisms of toxicity: case studies. Andersen, ME; Bogdanffy, MS; Bus, JS; Cohen, SD; Conolly, RB; David, RM; Doerrer, NG; Dorman, DC; Gaylor, DW; Hattis, D; Rogers, JM; Setzer, RW; Slikker, W; Swenberg, JA; Wallace, K, 2004)	0.32
" Liver specific contrast agents appear in general to be safe and well tolerated."	( Safety of MR liver specific contrast media. Bellin, MF; Morcos, SK; Thomsen, HS; Van Der Molen, AJ; Webb, JA, 2005)	0.33
" A variety of metals, such as manganese and zinc, are essential trace elements but can reach localized toxic concentrations through various disease processes or environmental exposures and have been implicated as having a role in neurodegeneration."	( The effects of 17beta-estradiol and ethanol on zinc- or manganese-induced toxicity in SK-N-SH cells. Devaud, LL; Keller, J; Lai, JC; Owens, CT, 2005)	0.86
" Very little information exists regarding the influence of toxic cations on the phytotoxicity of Cu."	( Effect of toxic cations on copper rhizotoxicity in wheat seedlings. Fortunati, P; Hamon, RE; Lombi, E; McLaughlin, MJ; Nolan, AL, 2005)	0.33
" Excessive manganese accumulation can result in adverse neurological, reproductive, and respiratory effects in both laboratory animals and humans."	( Manganese dosimetry: species differences and implications for neurotoxicity. Aschner, M; Dorman, DC; Erikson, KM, 2005)	2.16
"In this study, the toxic effect of sanguinarine (SANG) on heart was studied with isolated cardiac muscle strip isolated from Wistar rat."	( Induction of contracture and extracellular Ca2+ influx in cardiac muscle by sanguinarine: a study on cardiotoxicity of sanguinarine. Cheng, HW; Cheng, YW; Hu, CM; Kang, JJ; Liao, JW, 2005)	0.33
" It is toxic in high doses, however, and exposure to excessive levels can result in the onset of a neurological disorder similar to, but distinct from, Parkinson's disease."	( The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the study of manganese neurotoxicity. Aschner, JL; Aschner, M; Avison, MJ; Fitsanakis, VA; Gore, JC; Zhang, N, 2006)	0.58
" Based on 96 hr LC50 values, copper was more toxic than manganese to either test animal by several orders of magnitude."	( Acute toxicity and induced weight changes in laboratory tests with Mn and Cu against Tilapia guineensis (Dumeril) and Tympanotonus fuscatus (Linne). Don-Pedro, KN; Oyewo, EO, 2006)	0.58
" The authors conclude further that the toxic effects of industrial chemicals on children have generally been overlooked."	( [Developmental neurotoxicity of industrial chemicals]. Labie, D, 2007)	0.34
" Cell lines exist that express the toxic form of the prion protein (PrP) with little evidence of cell death."	( Resistance of cell lines to prion toxicity aided by phospho-ERK expression. Brown, DR; Uppington, KM, 2008)	0.35
" In contrast, the mechanisms underlying the selective toxicity of manganese and rotenone, potentially toxic agents implicated in dopaminergic neuronal cell death, remain unknown."	( The role of dopamine transporter in selective toxicity of manganese and rotenone. Hirata, Y; Kiuchi, K; Oh-hashi, K; Suzuno, H; Tsuruta, T, 2008)	0.83
"This article discusses the problem of iron and manganese contamination, the adverse effects and available control methods."	( Iron and manganese contamination: sources, adverse effects and control methods. Saraf, R; Satyanarayana, YV, 2007)	1.01
"Three toxic substances have been made into a mixture administered intravenously, similar to methcathinone."	( Neurotoxicity following chronic intravenous use of "Russian cocktail". Delipoyraz, I; Filiz, G; Gecim, NO; Tireli, H; Varlibas, F; Yuksel, G, 2009)	0.35
" Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) models of noncancer mixture toxicity."	( Combining occurrence and toxicity information to identify priorities for drinking-water mixture research. Ryker, SJ; Small, MJ, 2008)	0.35
" However, current understanding of the impact of Mn exposure on the nervous system leads to the hypothesis that there should be no adverse effects at low exposures, because Mn is an essential element; therefore, there should be some threshold for exposure above which adverse effects may occur and adverse effects may increase in frequency with higher exposures beyond that threshold."	( Manganese exposure, essentiality & toxicity. Santamaria, AB, 2008)	1.79
" As with physiological manganese, toxic manganese triggers vacuolar degradation of Smf1p by trafficking through the multivesicular body."	( Down-regulation of a manganese transporter in the face of metal toxicity. Beese, SE; Carroll, MC; Culotta, VC; Hall, MD; Harvey, CJ; Jensen, LT, 2009)	0.98
" Toxic responses to mercury were more evident than for arsenic, especially in shoot tissues."	( Arsenic- and mercury-induced phytotoxicity in the Mediterranean shrubs Pistacia lentiscus and Tamarix gallica grown in hydroponic culture. Carpena-Ruiz, RO; Esteban, E; Moreno-Jiménez, E; Peñalosa, JM, 2009)	0.35
" The results of this study suggest that the oral chondroprotective agent tested is safe for administration to horses at recommended dose rates."	( Safety of an oral chondroprotective agent in horses. Kirker-Head, CA; Kirker-Head, RP, 2001)	0.31
" Zn(2+), Cu(2+/+), Fe(3+/2+)) should be particularly sensitive to the presence of Cd(2+), because they enclose cationic sites to which the toxic metal can bind."	( Cellular mechanisms of cadmium toxicity related to the homeostasis of essential metals. Moulis, JM, 2010)	0.36
" No serious or unexpected adverse events were encountered."	( Orally administered manganese with and without ascorbic acid as a liver-specific contrast agent and bowel marker for magnetic resonance imaging: phase I clinical trial assessing efficacy and safety. Golman, K; Höglund, P; Leander, P; Månsson, S, 2010)	0.68
"Welding generates complex metal aerosols, inhalation of which is linked to adverse health effects among welders."	( Mitochondrial dysfunction and loss of Parkinson's disease-linked proteins contribute to neurotoxicity of manganese-containing welding fumes. Antonini, JM; Castranova, V; Ghio, AJ; Hayashi, Y; Jefferson, AM; Krajnak, KM; Lin, GX; Munson, AE; Reynolds, SH; Roberts, JR; Soukup, JM; Sriram, K; Wirth, O, 2010)	0.57
"For humans manganese is both an essential trace element and, at higher doses, a toxic metal."	( Manganese inhibits poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in human cells: a possible mechanism behind manganese-induced toxicity? Bornhorst, J; Ebert, F; Hartwig, A; Michalke, B; Schwerdtle, T, 2010)	2.19
" Mn-induced neurodegenerative toxicity has been demonstrated, but little is known concerning the adverse effects of the element on the liver."	( Differential toxicity of Mn2+ and Mn3+ to rat liver tissues: oxidative damage, membrane fluidity and histopathological changes. Chen, C; Chu, J; Han, Y; Huang, P; Li, G; Liu, N; Sun, Z; Wang, H; Xiao, Y; Zhang, L; Zhang, M; Zhang, S, 2012)	0.38
" After four weeks, colonizing macroinvertebrates showed a strong negative response to the Ni-treated sediments and SEM-AVS models of bioavailability differentiated between toxic and nontoxic conditions."	( Nickel phase partitioning and toxicity in field-deployed sediments. Burton, GA; Costello, DM; Hammerschmidt, CR; Rogevich, EC; Schlekat, CE, 2011)	0.37
" This study was aimed to investigate the mechanisms mediating the toxic effects of MnCl(2), Mn(II) citrate, Mn(III) citrate, and Mn(III) pyrophosphate in primary cultures of neocortical (CTX) and cerebellar granular (CGC) neurons."	( Mechanisms of manganese-induced neurotoxicity in primary neuronal cultures: the role of manganese speciation and cell type. Barbosa, F; Espósito, BP; Farina, M; Hernández, RB; Souza-Pinto, NC; Suñol, C, 2011)	0.73
" Hence, we sought to determine if Mn accumulation in blood or nail clippings can be a marker for adverse exposure and neurotoxicity."	( Manganese accumulation in nail clippings as a biomarker of welding fume exposure and neurotoxicity. Andrews, RN; Antonini, JM; Jefferson, AM; Kashon, ML; Lin, GX; Roberts, JR; Sriram, K, 2012)	1.82
" Adverse drug reactions/adverse events (ADRs/AEs) and clinico-laboratory tests were monitored."	( Manganese chloride tetrahydrate (CMC-001) enhanced liver MRI: evaluation of efficacy and safety in healthy volunteers. Albiin, N; Bergquist, A; Brismar, TB; Kartalis, N; Sadigh, B, 2012)	1.82
" The second dealt with results of two prospective studies in Mn-exposed workers or welders showing that after decrease of Mn exposure the outcome of reversibility in adverse CNS effects may differ for motor and cognitive function and, in addition the issue of plasma Mn as a reliable biomarker for Mn exposure in welders has been addressed."	( Manganese exposure and cognitive deficits: a growing concern for manganese neurotoxicity. Bellinger, DC; Bouchard, MF; Bowler, RM; Chang, Y; Claus Henn, B; Gocheva, VV; Harris, MG; Hoet, P; Kim, Y; Menezes-Filho, JA; Mergler, D; Riojas-Rodriguez, H; Roels, HA; Téllez-Rojo, MM; Wright, RO, 2012)	1.82
"We derived safe concentrations (SCs) of copper, zinc, cadmium, and manganese using river macroinvertebrate surveys at over 400 individual sites on three continents represented by the UK, USA, and Japan."	( Estimating safe concentrations of trace metals from inter-continental field data on river macroinvertebrates. Iwasaki, Y; Ormerod, SJ, 2012)	0.62
"Manganese is a vital element and cofactor of many key enzymes, but it is toxic at high levels, causing pronounced disturbances in the mammalian brain."	( Evaluation of manganese uptake and toxicity in mouse brain during continuous MnCl2 administration using osmotic pumps. Dresselaers, T; Everaerts, W; Himmelreich, U; Mata, AM; Sepúlveda, MR; Vangheluwe, P; Wuytack, F, )	1.93
" Altogether our data indicated that HFD could find some potential application in the treatment of manganism and that GSSE should be used as a safe anti-lipotoxic agent in the prevention and treatment of fat-induced brain injury."	( Grape seed and skin extract prevents high-fat diet-induced brain lipotoxicity in rat. Aouani, E; Charradi, K; Elkahoui, S; Hassine, FB; Karkouch, I; Limam, F, 2012)	0.38
" The protein α-synuclein (αSyn), the principle toxic effector in PD, has been shown to interfere with neuronal Ca(2+) fluxes, arguing for an involvement of deregulated Ca(2+) homeostasis in this neuronal demise."	( The Ca2+/Mn2+ ion-pump PMR1 links elevation of cytosolic Ca(2+) levels to α-synuclein toxicity in Parkinson's disease models. Benke, S; Broeskamp, F; Büttner, S; Callewaert, G; Carmona-Gutierrez, D; D'hooge, P; Eisenberg, T; Faes, L; Franssens, V; Freudenberger, P; Ghillebert, R; Habernig, L; Harger, A; Kourtis, N; Kroemer, G; Madeo, F; Pieber, TR; Reichelt, WN; Ruli, D; Sigrist, SJ; Tavernarakis, N; Winderickx, J, 2013)	0.39
" reticulata from most to least toxic was Cu > Cd > Zn > Pb > Ni > Al > Fe > Mn and Cu > Cd > Zn > Fe > Pb > Al > Ni > Mn, respectively."	( Comparative toxicity of eight metals on freshwater fish. Abas, A; Ramle, NA; Shuhaimi-Othman, M; Yakub, N, 2015)	0.42
" We investigated the toxic effects of MnCl2 in an immortalized rat brain endothelial cell line (RBE4) and the protective effects of the radical scavenging aminosalicylic acids, 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and 4-aminosalicylic acid (4-PAS)."	( Comparison between 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and para-aminosalicylic acid (4-PAS) as potential protectors against Mn-induced neurotoxicity. Aschner, M; Batoreu, MC; Marreilha dos Santos, AP; Santos, D, 2013)	0.39
" Despite its essentiality, at excessive levels Mn is toxic to the central nervous system (CNS)."	( Manganese toxicity in the central nervous system: the glutamine/glutamate-γ-aminobutyric acid cycle. Aschner, M; Sidoryk-Wegrzynowicz, M, 2013)	1.83
" The acute (24 h) LD50 values of Mn following intraperitoneal, intramuscular, subcutaneous and oral administrations of MnCl2 in seven-day-old chicks were 21."	( Effects of acute manganese neurotoxicity in young chicks. Al-Zubaidy, MH; Mohammad, FK, 2013)	0.73
" Within the cationic Si NPs, smaller Si NPs were more toxic than bigger ones."	( Cytotoxicity of surface-functionalized silicon and germanium nanoparticles: the dominant role of surface charges. Alink, GM; Atkins, TM; Bhattacharjee, S; Clark, RJ; Fink, MJ; Kauzlarich, SM; Marcelis, AT; Mitchell, BS; Purkait, TK; Regli, S; Rietjens, IM; Shukaliak, A; Singh, MP; Veinot, JG; Xu, Z; Zuilhof, H, 2013)	0.39
" As Mn-based metallodrugs are ever more prevalent in clinical practice, concern regarding the toxic effects of Mn discharges to water bodies on the biota prompted us to study the physicochemical parameters of these complexes and to assess their acute toxicity toward adult Danio rerio individuals, particularly in terms of brain tissue damage."	( Toxicity of manganese metallodrugs toward Danio rerio. Arndt, A; Borella, MI; Espósito, BP, 2014)	0.78
" At toxic supply, shoot Mn concentration steadily increased in both cultivars, with Kingston having the highest accumulation at 48 h."	( Early induction of Fe-SOD gene expression is involved in tolerance to Mn toxicity in perennial ryegrass. Cartes, P; Inostroza-Blancheteau, C; Mora, ML; Rengel, Z; Ribera-Fonseca, A, 2013)	0.39
"Manganese (Mn) can interact with cadmium (Cd) in environments and influence the toxic effect of Cd on plants."	( Manganese-mitigation of cadmium toxicity to seedling growth of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. is controlled by the manganese/cadmium molar ratio under hydroponic conditions. Chai, T; Feng, S; Liu, G; Liu, H; Tan, J; Wang, J; Zhang, Y, 2013)	3.28
" From preliminary describing only symptoms of Mn-(over)exposed workers, research was preceded to more detail on toxic mechanisms of Mn."	( New insights into manganese toxicity and speciation. Fernsebner, K; Michalke, B, 2014)	0.74
" First, we determined the lethal dose 50% (LD50) and the effects of the xylofuranosides on various toxic parameters."	( Seleno- and telluro-xylofuranosides attenuate Mn-induced toxicity in C. elegans via the DAF-16/FOXO pathway. Affeldt, RF; Aschner, M; Avila, DS; Denardin, CC; Gubert, P; Lüdtke, DS; Noremberg, S; Reis, G; Salgueiro, WG; Santos, FW; Soares, AT; Soares, FA; Viana, C; Wollenhaupt, SG, 2014)	0.4
" However, the adverse effect of Mn was reduced with Se ≥ P50 (≥ 63."	( Selenium protects neonates against neurotoxicity from prenatal exposure to manganese. Bao, Y; Fu, H; Li, L; Ren, T; Yang, X; Yu, X, 2014)	0.63
" We observed that maneb exhibited the highest toxicity, followed by MnCl2, MnSO4 and MMT which resulted in a similar intermediate toxicity, the less toxic compound being the insoluble compound Mn2O3."	( Environmental manganese compounds accumulate as Mn(II) within the Golgi apparatus of dopamine cells: relationship between speciation, subcellular distribution, and cytotoxicity. Carmona, A; Ortega, R; Perrin, L; Roudeau, S; Veronesi, G, 2014)	0.76
" This revealed that the toxic mechanisms of dithiocarbamates are via the cross talk between RTP801 and NF-κB."	( RTP801 regulates maneb- and mancozeb-induced cytotoxicity via NF-κB. Calderone, A; Cheng, SY; Montalvo, J; Oh, S; Ta, C; Velasco, M, 2014)	0.4
" A comparison of the lowest in vitro toxic concentration with the intravenously injected dose and the administered dose of other ferrofluid drugs currently in clinical practice suggests that there might be sufficient safety margins for further development of our formulation."	( Biodistribution and acute toxicity of a nanofluid containing manganese iron oxide nanoparticles produced by a mechanochemical process. Bellusci, M; Cremisini, C; Giardullo, P; Grollino, MG; La Barbera, A; Leter, G; Mancuso, M; Nardi, E; Pacchierotti, F; Padella, F; Pasquo, A, 2014)	0.64
" Toxic metals (Ni and Cd) were rather elevated in Mn-soil."	( Toxicity of naturally-contaminated manganese soil to selected crops. Babula, P; Hedbavny, J; Kováčik, J; Štěrbová, D; Švec, P, 2014)	0.68
" Growth studies of wild-type cells suggest that manganese is toxic to cells when environmental magnesium is low."	( Magnesium-dependent processes are targets of bacterial manganese toxicity. Hohle, TH; O'Brian, MR, 2014)	0.91
" Excess water triggers a progressive decrease in soil redox potential, thus increasing the concentration of Mn(2+) that can be toxic to plants if above a specific threshold."	( Linking waterlogging tolerance with Mn²⁺ toxicity: a case study for barley. Huang, X; Rengel, Z; Shabala, L; Shabala, S; Wu, X; Zhang, G; Zhou, M, 2015)	0.42
" Al induces a series of the cellular toxic changes concerning with cell division and nucleolus."	( Accumulation and cellular toxicity of aluminum in seedling of Pinus massoniana. Jiang, W; Jiang, Z; Liu, D; Qin, R; Zhang, H; Zou, J, 2014)	0.4
" Taking into consideration the prospects of these highly luminescent, bio-compatible ZnS:Mn nanocrystals in bio-imaging applications, cytotoxicity studies were conducted to identify the capping combination which would accomplish minimum toxic effects."	( Cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of ZnS:Mn nanocrystals biofunctionalized with chitosan and aminoacids. Anas, A; Das, AV; Jayalekshmi, S; Sajimol Augustine, M; Sreekanth, S, 2015)	0.42
" Despite its essentiality, at excessive levels Mn is toxic to the central nervous system."	( Impairment of glutamine/glutamate-γ-aminobutyric acid cycle in manganese toxicity in the central nervous system. Sidoryk-Wegrzynowicz, M, 2014)	0.64
" A computational model suggests a series of events to occur in Sod3 overexpressing strains leading to adverse effects due to elevated hydrogen peroxide levels."	( Manganese rescues adverse effects on lifespan and development in Podospora anserina challenged by excess hydrogen peroxide. Grimm, C; Osiewacz, HD, 2015)	1.86
" The dose-response of the epibenthic amphipod Hyalella azteca to sediment total Cu changed over time, with older sediments being less toxic than freshly spiked sediments."	( Copper Sediment Toxicity and Partitioning during Oxidation in a Flow-Through Flume. Burton, GA; Costello, DM; Hammerschmidt, CR, 2015)	0.42
"In the 3-week treatment, addition of Al resulted in increased root and shoot dry weight for plants under toxic levels of Mn."	( Aluminium alleviates manganese toxicity to rice by decreasing root symplastic Mn uptake and reducing availability to shoots of Mn stored in roots. Che, J; Chen, RF; Dong, XY; Hu, ZM; Shao, JF; Shen, RF; Wang, W; Zhao, XQ, 2015)	0.74
"Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient that can be toxic in excess concentrations, especially during early development stages."	( The role of chemical speciation, chemical fractionation and calcium disruption in manganese-induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Espósito, BP; Hernández, RB; Michalke, B; Nishita, MI; Scholz, S, 2015)	2.09
" PrP has been reported to protect cells from the toxic stimuli of metals."	( Prion Protein Does Not Confer Resistance to Hippocampus-Derived Zpl Cells against the Toxic Effects of Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+ and Co2+ Not Supporting a General Protective Role for PrP in Transition Metal Induced Toxicity. Cingaram, PK; Dondapati, DT; Fodor, E; Nyeste, A; Welker, E, 2015)	0.42
" Herein, towards the goal of developing a safe and more efficacious high field T1 MRI CA for these applications, we report the sub-acute toxicity and contrast enhancing capabilities of a novel nanoparticle MRI CA comprising of manganese (Mn(2+)) intercalated graphene nanoparticles functionalized with dextran (hereafter, Mangradex) in rodents."	( Towards An Advanced Graphene-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent: Sub-acute Toxicity and Efficacy Studies in Small Animals. Hoang, DM; Kanakia, S; Lee, S; Moore, W; Mullick Chowdhury, S; Shroyer, KR; Sitharaman, B; Toussaint, J; Wadghiri, YZ, 2015)	0.6
" However, there are suspicions that GO can cause adverse effects."	( Evaluation of in vivo graphene oxide toxicity for Acheta domesticus in relation to nanomaterial purity and time passed from the exposure. Augustyniak, M; Augustyniak-Jabłokow, MA; Dziewięcka, M; Karpeta-Kaczmarek, J; Majchrzycki, Ł, 2016)	0.43
"Long-term occupational exposure to manganese might cause manganese poisoning, which would had adverse effects on nervous system of workers."	( [Manganese neurotoxic effect and its susceptibility biomarkers of choice]. Shao, H, 2015)	1.6
"All living cells display a rapid molecular response to adverse environmental conditions, and the heat shock protein family reflects one such example."	( Involvement of heat shock proteins on Mn-induced toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Aschner, M; Au, C; Avila, DS; Benedetto, A; Bornhorst, J, 2016)	0.43
"Repeated Mn administration induces toxic effects in several rat brain structures and treatment with R and QCT may be a potential therapeutic strategy to attenuate the metal neurotoxicity."	( Manganese neurotoxicity and protective effects of resveratrol and quercetin in preclinical research. Filip, M; Gawlik, M; Gawlik, MB; Smaga, I, 2017)	1.9
" Initial toxic symptoms associated with Mn are of psychiatric nature and are clinically defined as locura manganica."	( Manganese exposure and neurotoxic effects in children. Aaseth, J; Bjørklund, G; Chartrand, MS, 2017)	1.9
" We propose the hypothesis that Mn levels/exposures that are toxic to some biological processes are beneficial for other biological processes and influenced by developmental stage and disease state."	( Relationships Between Essential Manganese Biology and Manganese Toxicity in Neurological Disease. Bowman, AB; Pfalzer, AC, 2017)	0.74
"Manganese (Mn) is a toxic heavy metal exposing workers in various occupational settings and causing, among others, nervous system damage."	( Neurotoxic effects of subchronic intratracheal Mn nanoparticle exposure alone and in combination with other welding fume metals in rats. Horváth, E; Kovács, K; Máté, Z; Nesztor, D; Papp, A; Paulik, E; Szabó, A; Szabó, T; Tombácz, E, 2017)	1.9
"Soil acidity and waterlogging increase manganese (Mn) in leaf tissues to potentially toxic concentrations, an effect reportedly alleviated by increased silicon (Si) and phosphorus (P) supply."	( Manganese distribution and speciation help to explain the effects of silicate and phosphate on manganese toxicity in four crop species. Blamey, FPC; Cheng, M; Howard, DL; Jiang, H; Kappen, P; Kopittke, PM; Li, C; McKenna, BA; Menzies, NW; Paterson, DJ; Tang, C; Wang, P, 2018)	2.19
" A diversity panel of 288 genotypes was grown in hydroponic solutions in a greenhouse under optimal and toxic Mn concentrations."	( Genome-wide association study to identify candidate loci and genes for Mn toxicity tolerance in rice. Dziwornu, AK; Frei, M; Mathew, B; Shrestha, A; Ueda, Y; Wu, LB, 2018)	0.48
" In this study we explored the hypothesis that superoxide anions participate in the generation of the Parkin and PINK1 associated phenotypic effect by testing the capacity of endogenous and exogenous superoxide dismutating molecules to rescue the toxic effects induced by loss of PINK1 or Parkin, in both cellular and fly models."	( Superoxide dismutating molecules rescue the toxic effects of PINK1 and parkin loss. Alam, SM; Beltramini, M; Biosa, A; Bisaglia, M; Bubacco, L; Filograna, R; Sanchez-Martinez, A; Terriente-Felix, A; Whitworth, AJ, 2018)	0.48
" However, its potential interactions with companying toxic metals and the associated mixture effects are largely unknown."	( Toxicity interactions between manganese (Mn) and lead (Pb) or cadmium (Cd) in a model organism the nematode C. elegans. Lenz, KA; Lu, C; Ma, H; Pattison, C; Svoboda, KR, 2018)	0.77
" The present research was to test the hypothesis that Mn causes putrescine accumulation over a physiologically adequate to toxic concentration range in a neuronal cell line."	( Putrescine as indicator of manganese neurotoxicity: Dose-response study in human SH-SY5Y cells. Chandler, JD; Fernandes, J; Go, YM; Jones, DP; Liu, KH; Uppal, K, 2018)	0.78
"5 g/L FA significantly mitigate Cd-induced toxic symptoms in lettuce seedlings."	( Exogenous foliar application of fulvic acid alleviate cadmium toxicity in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Shen, Z; Wang, Y; Xu, X; Yang, R; Zheng, J, 2019)	0.51
" This study determined the toxic effect of CuO ENMs with different chemical coatings on the earthworm (Eisenia fetida) in fresh soil, and then after one year in aged soil."	( Copper accumulation and toxicity in earthworms exposed to CuO nanomaterials: Effects of particle coating and soil ageing. Handy, RD; Hutchinson, TH; Shaw, BJ; Tatsi, K, 2018)	0.48
" The aims of this study were to characterise Mn chemistry in seawater, and evaluate the toxic effects of Mn on various life stages of two scleractinian corals - the branching sp."	( Toxicity of manganese to various life stages of selected marine cnidarian species. Howe, P; Reichelt-Brushett, A; Summer, K, 2019)	0.89
" At high concentrations, however, they can be toxic and cause neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Parkinson-like syndromes."	( Nicotine protects against manganese and iron-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells: Implication for Parkinson's disease. Aschner, M; Csoka, AB; Getachew, B; Tizabi, Y, 2019)	0.81
"Manganese (Mn), an essential element for plants, can be toxic when present in excess."	( Physiological responses and proteomic changes reveal insights into Stylosanthes response to manganese toxicity. Chen, Z; Hu, X; Huang, R; Jia, Y; Li, J; Liu, G; Liu, P; Liu, Q; Luo, J; Luo, L, 2019)	2.18
" However, manganese was the least toxic metal tested for all three species, which is hypothesized to be due to a possible metal transfer to the cuticle of the moulting test species."	( Acute toxicity of four metals to three tropical aquatic invertebrates: The dragonfly Tramea cophysa and the ostracods Chlamydotheca sp. and Strandesia trispinosa. César Dos Santos Lima, J; Daam, MA; de Pádua Andrade, D; Freitas, EC; Gazonato Neto, AJ; Miguel, M; Moreira, RA; Rocha, O, 2019)	0.92
" Cd and Pb are two of the most common toxic heavy metals that have been linked with cancers and malfunction of the nervous system."	( High-throughput assessment of toxic effects of metal mixtures of cadmium(Cd), lead(Pb), and manganese(Mn) in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Tang, B; Tang, L; Tong, P; Wang, JS; Williams, PL; Xue, KS, 2019)	0.73
" The results suggest Atp13a2 Isoform-1 protein confers cytoprotection against toxic insults, including those that cause PD syndromes."	( Overexpression of human Atp13a2Isoform-1 protein protects cells against manganese and starvation-induced toxicity. Dziki, KM; Kim, A; Monteiro, MJ; Ugolino, J; Vogel, BE; Wu, JJ, 2019)	0.75
"Manganese (Mn), an essential metal and nutrient, is toxic in excess."	( Manganese transporter Slc30a10 controls physiological manganese excretion and toxicity. Bartnikas, TB; Cintron-Rivera, L; Conboy, HL; Dash, ME; Herrera, C; Mercadante, CJ; Pettiglio, MA; Prajapati, M; Rao, DB; Salesky, MA, 2019)	3.4
"Cd is a non-essential metal and highly toxic to plants, animals and humans, even at very low concentrations."	( Mitigation of Cd toxicity by Mn in young plants of cacao, evaluated by the proteomic profiles of leaves and roots. Ahnert, D; Baligar, VC; Barroso, JP; de Almeida, AF; de C Neto, CH; Mangabeira, PAO; Oliveira, BRM; Pirovani, CP; Santos, NA, 2020)	0.56
" One working tubewell that had been tested previously for arsenic and marked safe (green) was selected from each unions of the district."	( Human health risk assessment of elevated and variable iron and manganese intake with arsenic-safe groundwater in Jashore, Bangladesh. Chakraborty, TK; Ghosh, GC; Kabir, AHME; Khan, MJH; Tanaka, H; Zaman, S, 2020)	0.8
" The addition of Si did not reduce the concentrations of Mn in accumulations despite seeming to reduce its adverse effects."	( Time-resolved laboratory micro-X-ray fluorescence reveals silicon distribution in relation to manganese toxicity in soybean and sunflower. Blamey, FPC; Casey, LW; Kopittke, PM; van der Ent, A, 2020)	0.78
"Although manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient, recent research has revealed that excess Mn in early childhood may have adverse effects on neurodevelopment."	( Estimating daily intakes of manganese due to breast milk, infant formulas, or young child nutritional beverages in the United States and France: Comparison to sufficiency and toxicity thresholds. Carmona, A; Frisbie, SH; Mitchell, EJ; Ortega, R; Roudeau, S, 2020)	1.27
" However, excess manganese is toxic and inhibits crop production."	( Complex gene regulation between young and old soybean leaves in responses to manganese toxicity. Liang, C; Liu, Y; Lu, X; Tian, J; Xie, B; Xue, Y; Zhu, S, 2020)	1.13
"Because of their high content in toxic metals, steel slag dumps are potential threats for the environment and public health."	( Aided-phytostabilization of steel slag dumps: The key-role of pH adjustment in decreasing chromium toxicity and improving manganese, phosphorus and zinc phytoavailability. Faure, O; Menad, N; Moutte, J; Paran, F; Pereira, F; Peuble, S; Scattolin, M, 2021)	0.83
" Therefore, the current study aimed at investigating the mechanisms mediating the toxic effects of manganese in primary cultures of cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs)."	( Manganese-induced neurotoxicity in cerebellar granule neurons due to perturbation of cell network pathways with potential implications for neurodegenerative disorders. Abian, J; Burnside, D; Carrascal, M; Farina, M; Golshani, A; Gonzalez, YR; Hernández, RB; Iyirhiaro, GO; Michalke, B; Moteshareie, H; Suñol, C, 2020)	2.22
"In acid soils, manganese (Mn) concentration increases, becoming toxic to plants."	( Differential mechanisms between traditionally established and new highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivars reveal new insights into manganese toxicity resistance. Alberdi, M; Cárcamo, MP; Escobar, AL; González-Villagra, J; Inostroza-Blancheteau, C; Nunes-Nesi, A; Omena-Garcia, RP; Reyes-Díaz, M; Ribera-Fonseca, A, 2021)	1.17
"As a heavy metal, manganese (Mn) can be toxic to plants."	( Physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal the roles of secondary metabolism in the adaptive responses of Stylosanthes to manganese toxicity. Chen, Z; Dong, R; Hu, X; Jia, Y; Li, J; Li, X; Liu, G; Liu, P; Liu, Q; Luo, L, 2020)	1.1
" However, some essential elements, such as manganese (Mn) may be toxic to children and adults when parenterally administered in excess, leading to toxic, especially neurotoxic effects."	( Evaluating the risk of manganese-induced neurotoxicity of parenteral nutrition: review of the current literature. Aschner, M; Barbosa, F; Bowman, AB; Lee, E; Martins, AC; Ruella Oliveira, S; Santamaría, A; Tinkov, AA; V Skalny, A, 2021)	1.19
" Yet very recent evidence suggests Mn can have toxic impacts below the no observed adverse effect of Mn-induced mitochondrial dysfunction."	( Molecular Targets of Manganese-Induced Neurotoxicity: A Five-Year Update. Aaseth, J; Aschner, M; Bowman, AB; Lee, E; Martins, AC; Mazilina, AN; Notova, SV; Paoliello, MMB; Santamaria, A; Skalny, AV; Tinkov, AA; Tsatsakis, A; Voskresenskaya, ON, 2021)	0.94
"We investigated the role of ascorbic acid (AsA) to alleviate nickel (Ni) induced adverse effects on growth and concentration of Ni, copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) in hydroponically grown wheat varieties viz."	( Alleviation of adverse effects of nickel on growth and concentration of copper and manganese in wheat through foliar application of ascorbic acid. Ahmad, HR; Ahmad, W; Nadeem, F; Naseem, Z; Sabir, M; Usman, M, 2022)	1.15
"Exploiting plant internal mechanisms with foliar application of different organic substances have widely been investigated to decrease metal accumulation and their adverse effects on plants."	( Alleviation of adverse effects of nickel on growth and concentration of copper and manganese in wheat through foliar application of ascorbic acid. Ahmad, HR; Ahmad, W; Nadeem, F; Naseem, Z; Sabir, M; Usman, M, 2022)	0.95
"Some of the food items consumed in this area are not entirely safe from metal toxicity and this may have serious health consequences."	( Trace metal toxicity in some food items in three major markets in Ado-Odo/Ota LGA, Ogun State, Nigeria and associated health implications. Ayanda, OI; Bello, OA; Nwabuisi, OI, 2020)	0.56
" Although the toxic effects of metals had been extensively studied, there is a paucity of information on their mixture toxicity."	( The binary combined toxicity of lithium, lead, and manganese on the proliferation of murine neural stem cells using two different models. Chang, X; Li, J; Li, Y; Luo, H; Song, B; Zhang, B; Zhou, Z, 2023)	1.16
" In this review, we describe how underlying genetics may confer susceptibility to elevated Mn concentrations and how the epigenetic effects of Mn may explain the association between Mn exposure early in life and its toxic effects later in life."	( Genetics and Epigenetics of Manganese Toxicity. Broberg, K; Lindner, S; Lucchini, R, 2022)	1.02
"Excess Manganese (Mn) is toxic to plants and reduces crop production."	( Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Complex Physiological Response and Gene Regulation in Peanut Roots and Leaves under Manganese Toxicity Stress. Chen, J; Liu, Y; Xue, Y; Yang, S; Zhao, M, 2023)	1.57
" Of concern, Cd exposure caused significant toxic damage, including increased mortality and malformation rates, apoptosis of brain neurons, and severe locomotor behavior aberration in mutant zebrafish."	( Evaluation of the oxidative toxicity induced by lead, manganese, and cadmium using genetically modified nrf2a-mutant zebrafish. Liao, G; Meng, X; Peng, T; Xu, Y; Zhou, Q; Zhu, J; Zou, F, 2023)	1.16
" Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic to plants and other living beings."	( The damage caused by Cd toxicity to photosynthesis, cellular ultrastructure, antioxidant metabolism, and gene expression in young cacao plants are mitigated by high Mn doses in soil. Ahnert, D; Baligar, VC; Barroso, JP; de Almeida, AF; do Nascimento, JL; Dos Santos, IC; Mangabeira, PAO; Oliveira, BRM, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Gadolinium liposomes accumulated in the liver of rats at a peak concentration 4 hours after application and at a higher concentration compared with the manganese liposomes."	( A pharmacokinetic and MRI study of unilamellar gadolinium-, manganese-, and iron-DTPA-stearate liposomes as organ-specific contrast agents. Duewell, S; Schwendener, RA; von Schulthess, GK; Wehrli, E; Wüthrich, R, 1990)	0.72
" This difference does not correspond to the similarity of pharmacokinetic properties (blood levels, subcellar location in kidney cortex) of the Cu proteins or to the increased circulating life time of Mn SOD."	( Pharmacokinetic and anti-inflammatory properties in the rat of superoxide dismutases (Cu SODs and Mn SOD) from various species. Baret, A; Jadot, G; Michelson, AM, 1984)	0.27
"The manganese (Mn) moiety is rapidly removed from plasma with an elimination half-life of less than 25 min in both species, reflecting a rapid distribution to the tissues and an early excretion."	( Plasma pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of MnDPDP in the rat and dog after intravenous administration. Grant, D; Hustvedt, SO; Southon, TE; Zech, K, 1997)	0.86
" Secondly, it outlines specific data needs for developing a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for Mn to assist in conducting risk assessments for inhaled and ingested Mn."	( Pharmacokinetic data needs to support risk assessments for inhaled and ingested manganese. Andersen, ME; Clewell, HJ; Gearhart, JM, )	0.36
" The pharmacokinetic curves for intratracheally instilled (54)Mn and (59)Fe were significantly different, suggesting that pulmonary uptake of the two metals involves different mechanisms."	( Pharmacokinetics of pulmonary manganese absorption: evidence for increased susceptibility to manganese loading in iron-deficient rats. Brain, JD; Donaghey, T; Heilig, E; Molina, R; Wessling-Resnick, M, 2005)	0.62
" Environmental Protection Agency's current risk assessment for inhaled manganese, summarizes these contemporary pharmacokinetic studies, and considers how these data could inform future risk assessments of this metal following inhalation."	( Application of pharmacokinetic data to the risk assessment of inhaled manganese. Andersen, ME; Clewell, HJ; Dorman, DC; Struve, MF, 2006)	0.8
" The objective of this study was to develop a pharmacokinetic model describing the olfactory transport and blood delivery of Mn in rats following acute MnCl(2) or MnHPO(4) inhalation."	( Evaluating transport of manganese from olfactory mucosa to striatum by pharmacokinetic modeling. Andersen, ME; Dorman, DC; Leavens, TL; Rao, D, 2007)	0.65
" The pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis also indicated differential control of absorption in single gavage oral dose studies versus continuous high oral doses in the feed."	( Pharmacokinetic modeling of manganese. I. Dose dependencies of uptake and elimination. Andersen, ME; Clewell, HJ; Covington, TR; Dorman, DC; Teeguarden, JG, 2007)	0.63
" Our long-term goal was to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to support health risk assessments for Mn."	( Pharmacokinetic modeling of manganese. III. Physiological approaches accounting for background and tracer kinetics. Andersen, ME; Clewell, HJ; Covington, TR; Gearhart, J; Nong, A; Teeguarden, JG, 2007)	0.63
"A recently published physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model successfully accounted for steady-state tissue manganese (Mn) concentration seen with normal dietary intakes and for biphasic, whole-body time-course profiles observed with tracer (54Mn) dosing."	( Pharmacokinetic modeling of manganese in the rat IV: Assessing factors that contribute to brain accumulation during inhalation exposure. Andersen, ME; Clewell, HJ; Dorman, DC; Nong, A; Teeguarden, JG, 2008)	0.85
" The goal of this research was to complete a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for Mn in rats and scale the model to describe Mn tissue accumulation in nonhuman primates exposed to Mn by inhalation and diet."	( Manganese tissue dosimetry in rats and monkeys: accounting for dietary and inhaled Mn with physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. Andersen, ME; Clewell, HJ; Dorman, DC; Nong, A; Taylor, MD, 2009)	1.8
" In the present study, a previously published physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for Mn in adult rats was extended to examine exposure conditions that could lead to increased central nervous system Mn in developing rats."	( Lactational transfer of manganese in rats: predicting manganese tissue concentration in the dam and pups from inhalation exposure with a pharmacokinetic model. Andersen, ME; Clewell, HJ; Dorman, DC; Nong, A; Taylor, MD; Yoon, M, 2009)	0.66
"To determine the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of manganese (Mn) after a 2-hour intravenous infusion of mangafodipir at 5 micromol/kg body weight and to correlate Mn concentrations with oxidative stress, early decrease in serum total bilirubin concentration, and prothrombin time (PT) in chronic alcoholic patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of manganese after a single intravenous infusion of mangafodipir in patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis. Batteux, F; Debray, M; Hirt, D; Laurent, A; Pavlovic, S; Poupon, J; Richardet, JP; Sogni, P; Treluyer, JM; Urien, S; Weill, B, 2009)	0.87
" Since that time, a substantial body of Mn pharmacokinetic (PK) data has been generated in rats and nonhuman primates, allowing for the construction of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for Mn."	( Multi-dose-route, multi-species pharmacokinetic models for manganese and their use in risk assessment. Andersen, ME; Clewell, HJ; Dorman, DC; Nong, A; Taylor, MD, 2010)	0.6
"Concerns for potential vulnerability to manganese (Mn) neurotoxicity during fetal and neonatal development have been raised due to increased needs for Mn for normal growth, different sources of exposure to Mn, and pharmacokinetic differences between the young and adults."	( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of fetal and neonatal manganese exposure in humans: describing manganese homeostasis during development. Andersen, ME; Clewell, HJ; Dorman, DC; Nong, A; Schroeter, JD; Taylor, MD; Yoon, M, 2011)	0.87
" In this study, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model that accurately accounts for the dose dependencies of Mn distribution was used to estimate increases in brain Mn concentrations in monkeys following Mn exposure."	( Application of a multi-route physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for manganese to evaluate dose-dependent neurological effects in monkeys. Andersen, ME; Clewell, HJ; Dorman, DC; Nong, A; Schroeter, JD; Taylor, MD; Yoon, M, 2012)	0.61
"A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model (Schroeter et al."	( A tissue dose-based comparative exposure assessment of manganese using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling-The importance of homeostatic control for an essential metal. Andersen, ME; Clewell, HJ; Fuller, WG; Gentry, PR; Greene, TB; Keene, AM; Roels, HA; Sulsky, SI; Taylor, MD; Van Landingham, C, 2017)	0.7
"Previously, we developed a series of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for manganese (Mn) in which saturable tissue binding and dose-dependent increases in biliary excretion captured key aspects of Mn homeostasis biology."	( Updating physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for manganese by incorporating rapid association/dissociation processes in tissues. Andersen, ME; Clewell, HJ; Efremenko, A; Gentry, PR; Keene, AM; Taylor, MD; Van Landingham, C; Yoon, M, 2019)	0.98
"In earlier physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for manganese (Mn), the kinetics of transport of Mn into and out of tissues were primarily driven by slow rates of association and dissociation of Mn with tissue binding sites."	( Incorporation of rapid association/dissociation processes in tissues into the monkey and human physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for manganese. Andersen, ME; Campbell, JL; Clewell, HJ; Gentry, PR; Keene, AM; Taylor, MD; Van Landingham, C, 2023)	1.35

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry combined with microsampling pulse nebulization technique."	( [Determination of trace elements in Spirulina platensis (Notdst.) Geitl. by flame atomic absorption spectrometry combined with microsampling pulse nebulization technique]. Cai, XD; Cheng, CG; Fan, MH; Hong, QH; Li, DT, 2006)	0.33
" Disperse Blue 56 (DB56) by UV irradiation combined with manganese minerals (UV/MM) was investigated in this paper."	( Photo-degradation of C.I. Disperse Blue 56 by UV irradiation combined with manganese minerals. An, SQ; Fu, J; Luo, Y; Sheng, S; Zeng, QF; Zhao, H; Zhu, HL, 2010)	0.84
"This study investigated a mass-transfer process of the removal of SO₂ from simulated flue gas by corona discharge combined with Mn(2+) catalysis in wet reactor, including gas migration, liquid phase diffusion, and chemical reaction."	( Modeling of corona discharge combined with Mn²⁺ catalysis for the removal of SO₂ from simulated flue gas. Jiwu, L; Lei, F, 2013)	0.39
"Algae lipid production combined with heavy metal removal is a cost-effective and environment-friendly method for algae biofuel production and hazardous waste treatment."	( Lipid production combined with biosorption and bioaccumulation of cadmium, copper, manganese and zinc by oleaginous microalgae Chlorella minutissima UTEX2341. Cao, J; Xing, G; Yang, J; Yuan, H, 2015)	0.64
" Therefore, we investigated Mn overexposure (MnOE) in rats in combination with Fe deficiency (FeD) and developmental stress, for which we used barren cage rearing."	( Developmental manganese exposure in combination with developmental stress and iron deficiency: Effects on behavior and monoamines. Amos-Kroohs, RM; Davenport, LL; Gutierrez, A; Hufgard, JR; Vorhees, CV; Williams, MT, )	0.49
"Our study aimed to determine and verify the establishment of visual to auditory cross-modal plasticity using manganese-enhanced MR imaging (MEMRI) combined with examinations of the visual evoked potential (VEP), auditory brainstem response (ABR) and bilateral visual cortex response to a bilateral auditory stimulus (AVR)."	( Manganese-enhanced MR imaging (MEMRI) combined with electrophysiology in the study of cross-modal plasticity in binocularly blind rats. Chen, Q; Fan, J; Feng, X; Jin, L; Luo, J; Sun, X; Tang, Z; Wang, J; Wang, W; Wu, L; Xiao, Z, 2017)	2.11
" As toxic effects of complex substances cannot be sufficiently understood by examining its components separately, general toxicity and functional neurotoxicity of a main pathogenic welding fume metal, Mn, was examined alone and combined with iron (Fe) and chromium (Cr), also frequently found in fumes."	( Neurotoxic effects of subchronic intratracheal Mn nanoparticle exposure alone and in combination with other welding fume metals in rats. Horváth, E; Kovács, K; Máté, Z; Nesztor, D; Papp, A; Paulik, E; Szabó, A; Szabó, T; Tombácz, E, 2017)	0.46
"Our study aimed to explore the feasibility of manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) combined with visual evoked potentials (VEP) and auditory evoked visual cortex responses (AVR) in evaluating for the establishment of visual/auditory compensatory pathways after monocular blindness."	( Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging combined with electrophysiology in the evaluation of visual pathway in experimental rat models with monocular blindness. Chen, Q; Feng, X; Luo, J; Sun, X; Tang, W; Tang, Z; Wang, J; Wang, R; Wang, W; Wu, L; Xiao, Z; Zhong, Y, 2017)	2.16
"MEMRI combined with electrophysiology, including VEP and AVR, may be potentially helpful in the evaluation of the possible generation of new visual/auditory compensatory pathways after monocular blindness."	( Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging combined with electrophysiology in the evaluation of visual pathway in experimental rat models with monocular blindness. Chen, Q; Feng, X; Luo, J; Sun, X; Tang, W; Tang, Z; Wang, J; Wang, R; Wang, W; Wu, L; Xiao, Z; Zhong, Y, 2017)	1.9
" The physiologically based extraction test (PBET) combined with the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME) was applied to simulate stomach, small intestine, and colon of human."	( Investigation of bioaccessibility of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in market vegetables in the colon using PBET combined with SHIME. Cai, X; Chen, X; Cui, Y; Du, H; Sun, G; Wang, L; Xu, J; Yin, N, 2017)	0.46
" The results show that PFOA can be greatly combined with MnOx formed in-situ through a Mn(II) oxidation process by free chlorine."	( Enhanced perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) accumulation by combination with in-situ formed Mn oxides under drinking water conditions. Chen, R; Shi, B; Yu, Y; Zhuang, Y, 2021)	0.62
" Through the exploration and optimization of a series of conditions, fluorescence, room temperature phosphorescence, and ultraviolet-visible combined with chemometrics were used for the discrimination and recognition of multiple pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables."	( Triple-dimensional spectroscopy combined with chemometrics for the discrimination of pesticide residues based on ionic liquid-stabilized Mn-ZnS quantum dots and covalent organic frameworks. Liu, H; Sun, B; Yuan, X; Zhang, D; Zhu, X, 2021)	0.62
" Pot trials were conducted to study the effects of coated-Mn and uncoated-Mn alone or in combination with lime on the dynamics of soil dissolved-Mn and available Cd, and the transportation of Mn and Cd within rice."	( Polymer-coated manganese fertilizer and its combination with lime reduces cadmium accumulation in brown rice (Oryza sativa L.). Ding, C; Ding, M; Guo, N; Huang, G; Kamran, M; Wang, X; Zhang, H; Zhang, T; Zhou, Z, 2021)	0.97
" pallida were exposed in two separate experiments; Ni alone and Ni in combination with Mn, to assess accumulation, along with any effect on the density of symbionts and anemone tentacle length."	( Ni accumulation and effects on a representative Cnidaria - Exaiptasia pallida during single element exposure and in combination with Mn. Benkendorff, K; Iyagbaye, L; Reichelt-Brushett, A, 2022)	0.72

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" In the presence of high (10 muM) copper, manganese was poorly absorbed in comparison to the other metals in the medium."	( Biosynthesis and cellular distribution of the two superoxide dismutases of Dactylium dendroides. Kosman, DJ; Shatzman, AR, 1979)	0.52
"Two experiments were conducted to study the relative bioavailability of Mn from a feed grade Mn-Met complex or from two feed grade MnO sources using reagent grade MnSO4."	( Relative bioavailability of manganese from a manganese-methionine complex and inorganic sources for ruminants. Ammerman, CB; Henry, PR; Littell, RC, 1992)	0.58
" It was concluded that chronic Cu poisoning could be accelerated by dietary supplements of monensin in sheep without ruminal microfauna, and the dietary Cu bioavailability could be decreased by dietary supplements of bentonite in sheep with a normal population of protozoa in the rumen."	( Effects of bentonite and monensin on selected elements in the stomach and liver of fauna-free and faunated sheep. Dayrell, Mde S; Hidiroglou, M; Ivan, M, 1992)	0.28
" Results of Experiment 2 agreed with the results in Experiment 1, providing evidence that bioavailability estimates obtained from experiments containing high levels of Mn can be extrapolated to diets containing lower levels."	( Effect of varying calcium and phosphorus level on manganese utilization. Baker, DH; Wedekind, KJ, 1990)	0.53
" A lower bioavailability of manganese in silages other than in hay, resulting in an apparent manganese deficiency in silage-fed cows, is suggested as a possible factor contributing to the etiology of congenital joint laxity and dwarfism in calves."	( Assessment of the role of manganese in congenital joint laxity and dwarfism in calves. Bryan, MK; Elliot, JI; Hidiroglou, M; Ivan, M; Janzen, ED; Proulx, JG; Ribble, CS, 1990)	0.87
" Based on multiple linear regression slopes from bone Mn concentrations, the relative bioavailability values of MnO RG and MnO FG A, B, and C were 81."	( Bioavailability of manganese from feed grade manganese oxides for broiler chicks. Ammerman, CB; Henry, PR; Miles, RD; Rao, PV; Wong-Valle, J, 1989)	0.61
" Based on multiple linear regression slopes for liver, kidney and bone Mn concentrations, relative bioavailability of Mn from MnO, MnO2 and MnCO3 averaged 57."	( Estimation of the relative bioavailability of manganese sources for sheep. Ammerman, CB; Henry, PR; Rao, PV; Wong-Valle, J, 1989)	0.54
"Effects of feeding supplements of calcium, magnesium, manganese, selenium and potassium on dietary copper bioavailability of humans were investigated."	( Copper absorption as affected by supplemental calcium, magnesium, manganese, selenium and potassium. Harms, JM; Kies, C, 1989)	0.76
"The relative bioavailability of Mn from reagent grade Mn monoxide and feed grade Mn-methionine was compared with that from reagent grade Mn sulfate using 288 one-day-old male Cobb chicks."	( Relative bioavailability of manganese in a manganese-methionine complex for broiler chicks. Ammerman, CB; Henry, PR; Miles, RD, 1989)	0.57
" Ascorbic acid has a marked effect on the bioavailability of dietary iron and is also known to directly influence various metabolic processes in the brain."	( Search for nutritional confounding factors in the relationship between iron deficiency and brain function. Hallberg, L, 1989)	0.28
" This could be explained by the low level or low bioavailability of elements from MM, by the metal-metal interaction within the mixture or by the choice of health effect indicators determined."	( Effect of a metal mixture in diet on the toxicokinetics and toxicity of cadmium, mercury and manganese in rats. Blanusa, M; Kello, D; Kostial, K; Maljković, T; Rabar, I; Stara, JF, 1989)	0.5
"The bioavailability of a number of minerals may be altered by the special characteristics of vegetarian diets."	( Mineral adequacy of vegetarian diets. Freeland-Graves, J, 1988)	0.27
"Experiments were conducted with young chicks to investigate the mechanism by which various feed ingredients reduce the bioavailability of inorganic Mn."	( Mechanism of the tissue manganese-lowering effect of corn, soybean meal, fish meal, wheat bran, and rice bran. Baker, DH; Halpin, KM, 1987)	0.58
" Mn bioavailability in a Mn-proteinate product was judged to be not significantly different than that provided by MnSO4."	( Efficacy of a manganese-protein chelate compared with that of manganese sulfate for chicks. Baker, DH; Halpin, KM, 1987)	0.63
" Bioavailability was similar to that obtained when sources were fed at high dietary levels in a previous study."	( Bioavailability of manganese sulfate and manganese monoxide in chicks as measured by tissue uptake of manganese from conventional dietary levels. Ammerman, CB; Henry, PR; Miles, RD, 1986)	0.6
" The bioavailability of manganese associated with lactoferrin, casein and low molecular weight complexes needs to be assessed."	( Manganese binding proteins in human and cow's milk. Hurley, LS; Keen, CL; Lönnerdal, B, 1985)	2.02
" These findings suggest that bioavailability of Mn from infant diets is very high during the suckling period."	( The effect of age on manganese uptake and retention from milk and infant formulas in rats. Bell, JG; Keen, CL; Lönnerdal, B, 1986)	0.59
" These results suggest that the bioavailability of proteins, polyamines and metal ions may control the extent to which Ret-P can be mannosylated in the intact membrane."	( Interactions between retinyl phosphate and bivalent cations. De Luca, LM; Noji, S; Shidoji, Y; Silverman-Jones, C, 1983)	0.27
" This inhibitory effect of fucoidan on the absorption of heavy metals is apparently the consequence of the formation of metal complexes which are poorly absorbed from the intestinal lumen."	( Influence of fucoidan on the intestinal absorption of iron, cobalt, manganese and zinc in rats. Becker, G; Forth, W; Osterloh, K; Paskins-Hurlburt, AJ; Schäfer, S; Skoryna, SC; Tanaka, G, 1981)	0.5
"The bioavailability of zinc and manganese from diets used for very low birthweight infants was investigated in a rat pup model using radioisotopes."	( Zinc and manganese bioavailability from human milk and infant formula used for very low birthweight infants, evaluated in a rat pup model. Andersen, O; Knudsen, E; Sandström, B, 1995)	0.99
" The relationship between trace element concentration and content and liver and heart weight is discussed, as are aspects of bioavailability and storage mechanisms as well as clinical signs of trace metal deficiencies."	( [Trace elements in the liver and myocardium of stillborn dairy calves]. Bünger, U; Gollnast, I; Grätsch, U; Langanke, M; Steinhardt, M, 1993)	0.29
" Differences in calcium and magnesium bioavailability due to PA and microbial phytase may be one factor in the alteration of tissue cadmium accumulation."	( Effect of phytic acid and microbial phytase on Cd accumulation, Zn status, and apparent absorption of Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn in growing rats. Brandt, K; Most, E; Pallauf, J; Rimbach, G, 1995)	0.29
" Comparative performance of pearl millet based (PM) diets as against rice based (RB) diets in terms of trace mineral bioavailability was studied, based on the prevailing dietary patterns in India."	( Assessment of pearl millet vs rice based diets for bioavailability of four trace metals. Agte, VV; Chiplonkar, SA; Gokhale, MK; Paknikar, KM, 1995)	0.29
" In contrast, MnO2 given orally did not significantly increase blood and cerebral tissue Mn concentrations; the low bioavailability is most likely due to the lack of intestinal resorption."	( Influence of the route of administration and the chemical form (MnCl2, MnO2) on the absorption and cerebral distribution of manganese in rats. Buchet, JP; Delos, M; Lauwerys, R; Lison, D; Meiers, G; Ortega, I; Roels, H, 1997)	0.5
" The failure to note a clinical response to antioxidant therapy may be due to factors dependent upon dosage of, or interaction between, the antioxidant compounds given, or on restricted bioavailability of the antioxidants at critical anatomical sites, and does not per se invalidate the model of acute porphyria as a hyperoxidative condition."	( Effects of administration of antioxidants in acute intermittent porphyria. Andersson, D; Floderus, Y; Harper, P; Henrichson, A; Lindh, U; Thunell, S, 1997)	0.3
"NaFe(III)EDTA is a promising iron (Fe) compound for food fortification programs because of its high Fe bioavailability from meals containing dietary inhibitors of Fe absorption such as phytic acid."	( Sodium iron EDTA [NaFe(III)EDTA] as a food fortificant does not influence absorption and urinary excretion of manganese in healthy adults. Almgren, A; Davidsson, L; Hurrell, RF, 1998)	0.51
" However, the leaching and bioavailability of Mn from tea have been little studied, so a recently developed in vitro assay was applied to compare the bioavailability of Mn from tea infusions with that of other major and trace essential elements."	( In vitro mineral availability from digested tea: a rich dietary source of managanese. Burden, TJ; Powell, JJ; Thompson, RP, 1998)	0.3
"An in vitro gut model was used to investigate the bioavailability of calcium, magnesium, cadmium, chromium, iron, manganese, and lead in the Mexican (maize) tortilla."	( Studies on bioavailability of some bulk and trace elements in Mexican tortilla using an in vitro model. Rodríguez Almanza, ML; Valtierra Márquez, GR; Wróbel, K, 1999)	0.51
" The absolute oral bioavailability was about 13%."	( Comparative toxicokinetics of manganese chloride and methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Kim, H; Zhao, Q; Zheng, W, 2000)	0.6
" High protein content in association with high concentration of trace elements in milk of Kuwaiti versus non-Kuwaiti mothers may indicate that protein content in milk is an important determining factor for the concentration and bioavailability of these elements."	( Trace-element status in milk and plasma of Kuwaiti and non-Kuwaiti lactating mothers. Al-Awadi, FM; Srikumar, TS, )	0.13
"In previous studies based on indirect procedures, we reported that Mg deficit increased the bioavailability of a number of elements such as calcium, zinc, iron, copper, manganese and decreased selenium absorption."	( Effect of magnesium deficiency on enterocyte Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and Se content. Aranda, P; Llopis, J; Montellano, MA; Planells, E; Sánchez-Morito, N, 2000)	0.5
"A potential risk of interactions between micronutrients affecting absorption and bioavailability has to be considered in any supplementation or fortification strategy."	( Micronutrient interactions: effects on absorption and bioavailability. Sandström, B, 2001)	0.31
" Reductions in Pb bioavailability were evaluated with both in vivo and in vitro procedures."	( Effect of biosolids processing on lead bioavailability in an urban soil. Brown, S; Chaney, RL; Hallfrisch, JG; Xue, Q, )	0.13
" Oxidation by soil Mn did contribute to immobilizing amines within organic matter and to the formation of large aromatic amine polymers, which serves to reduce mobility and bioavailability of aromatic amines in the natural environment."	( Role of soil manganese in the oxidation of aromatic amines. Guest, CA; Lee, LS; Li, H; Schulze, DG, 2003)	0.69
" Tests included the earthworm (Eisenia fetida) cocoon production test, the enchytraeid (Enchytraeus crypticus) reproduction test, and the collembolan (Folsomia candida) reproduction test, all conducted in Sassafras sandy loam soil that supports a relatively high bioavailability of metals."	( Manganese toxicity in soil for Eisenia fetida, Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta), and Folsomia candida (Collembola). Checkai, RT; Kuperman, RG; Phillips, CT; Simini, M, 2004)	1.77
"), and different acidity of digestive site on the species, lipopily and bioavailability of coordinated complex of iron, manganese, and zinc in medical decoction were studied."	( Effect of digestive site acidity and compatibility on the species, lipopily and bioavailability of iron, manganese and zinc in Prunus persica Batsch and Carthamus tinctorus. Feng-ying, Z; Nan-sheng, D; Shun-xing, L, 2004)	0.75
" Moreover, the apparent absorption rate of these trace elements was significantly higher in the ZD rats than in the controls."	( Comparative study of zinc, copper, manganese, and iron concentrations in organs of zinc-deficient rats and rats treated neonatally with l-monosodium glutamate. Miki, F; Sakai, T; Wariishi, M; Yamamoto, S, 2004)	0.6
"Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of compost addition to soil on fractionation and bioavailability of Cu, Mn, and Zn to four crops."	( Phytoavailability and fractionation of copper, manganese, and zinc in soil following application of two composts to four crops. Warman, PR; Zheljazkov, VD, 2004)	0.58
" Metal oligo/polygalacturonate mixed complexes contain all deficient essential metal ions in adequate amounts and ratios for higher bioavailability of metal ions and optimal vital function."	( [The role of essential metal ions in the human organism and their oral supplementation to the human body in deficiency states]. Balla, G; Balla, J; Lakatos, B; Szentmihályi, K; Vinkler, P, 2004)	0.32
" A 42-d bioassay was used to estimate relative bioavailability of Mn sources for chicks fed diets supplemented with 60, 120, or 180 mg Mn/kg."	( Use of chemical characteristics to predict the relative bioavailability of supplemental organic manganese sources for broilers. Crenshaw, TD; Kuang, X; Li, S; Liu, B; Luo, X; Shao, G; Yu, S, 2004)	0.54
" Ash Mn content and heart MnSOD activity were less sensitive in detecting the differences among Mn sources in bioavailability than MnSOD mRNA level."	( [Bioavailabilities of manganese sources based on heart manganese-containing superoxide dismutase gene expression for broilers]. Bu, Y; Kuang, X; Li, S; Liu, B; Luo, X; Yu, S, 2004)	0.64
" The results demonstrate that those elements with a high degree of pyritization may be released into the water through oxidation of the metal sulphides that they form when in suspension in oxic sea water, with the subsequent risk of increased bioavailability to benthic fauna."	( Trace elements in biodeposits and sediments from mussel culture in the Ria de Arousa (Galicia, NW Spain). Calvo de Anta, RM; Macías, F; Otero, XL; Vidal-Torrado, P, 2005)	0.33
"Although enteral feeds contain adequate concentrations of trace elements, problems with bioavailability may occur and patients receiving long-term enteral feeding should be monitored with regard to plasma trace element concentrations."	( Trace element concentrations in patients on home enteral feeding: two cases of severe copper deficiency. Allen, KR; Oliver, A; Taylor, J, 2005)	0.33
"The biogeochemical cycling of iron, manganese, sulfide, and dissolved organic carbon were investigated to provide information on the transport and removal processes that control the bioavailability of isotopic mercury amended to a lake."	( Influences of iron, manganese, and dissolved organic carbon on the hypolimnetic cycling of amended mercury. Armstrong, DE; Babiarz, CL; Chadwick, SP; Hurley, JP, 2006)	0.93
" the combination of single phytomedicines, greatly affected the manganese complexing ligands and determined the species and bioavailability of manganese."	( Speciation analysis and the assessment of bioavailability of manganese in phytomedicines by extraction with octanol and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Cai, WL; Li, SX; Liu, XL; Zheng, FY, )	0.61
" Their body concentrations should be good indicators of bioavailability and useful for environmental assessment."	( Saturation models of arsenic, cobalt, chromium and manganese bioaccumulation by Hyalella azteca. Borgmann, U; Dixon, DG; Norwood, WP, 2006)	0.59
" Herein, we describe a mechanism whereby Saccharomyces cerevisiae manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) preferentially binds manganese over iron based on the differential bioavailability of these ions within mitochondria."	( The effects of mitochondrial iron homeostasis on cofactor specificity of superoxide dismutase 2. Cobine, PA; Culotta, VC; Lill, R; Molik, S; Naranuntarat, A; Winge, DR; Yang, M, 2006)	0.57
" However, despite the observed increases in metal bioavailability sewage sludge applications did not lead to an increase in plant shoot concentrations (in wild plants or crop species)."	( Bioavailability and plant accumulation of heavy metals and phosphorus in agricultural soils amended by long-term application of sewage sludge. Díez, J; Domínguez-Rodríguez, MJ; Kidd, PS; Monterroso, C, 2007)	0.34
"The review is presented data on absorption and bioavailability of manganese in humans and laboratory animals, as well as the food factors that affect on these processes."	( [Mineral substance in human nutrition. Manganese: absorbtion and bioavailability]. Mazo, VK; Shirina, LI, 2006)	0.84
" After some considerations on bioavailability and pharmacokinetics, specific applications of contrast agents will be presented according to their specific purposes, starting with non-specific contrast agents used in classical contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI."	( MRI contrast agents: current status and future perspectives. Mulder, WJ; Nicolay, K; Strijkers, GJ; van Tilborg, GA, 2007)	0.34
" The amounts of the elements in some of the food products are listed and factors that decide on their bioavailability are described."	( [Mineral elements in diet of pregnant and breast-feeding women. Part II. Micro minerals: iron, zinc, copper, selenium, iodine, fluorine, manganese, molybdenium, chromium]. Jabłoński, E; Sobczak, M, 2007)	0.54
"We determined zinc (Zn) dialyzability as an indicator of Zn bioavailability in the in vitro gastrointestinal digests of 108 duplicate meals."	( In vitro determination of zinc dialyzability from duplicate hospital meals: influence of other nutrients. López-G de la Serrana, H; Lopez-Martinez, MC; Navarro-Alarcon, M; Perez-Valero, V; Velasco-Reynold, C, 2008)	0.35
", regarding their bioavailability or potential pro-oxidant activity."	( Reduction of paraquat-induced renal cytotoxicity by manganese and copper complexes of EGTA and EHPG. Chatterjee, PK; Gard, PR; Hague, T; Naughton, DP; Samai, M, 2008)	0.6
" Bioturbation of surficial forest soil layers cannot account for these fractions and transformations of Fe, and we hypothesize that the secondary forest's large inputs of organic additions over four decades has fundamentally altered soil Fe oxides, potentially altering the bioavailability and retention of macro- and micronutrients, contaminants, and organic matter itself."	( Four-decade responses of soil trace elements to an aggrading old-field forest: B, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Fe. Heine, P; Li, J; Mendoza, A; Richter, DD, 2008)	0.35
"The bioavailability of arsenic (As) in the soil environment is largely governed by its adsorption-desorption reactions with soil constituents."	( Sorption and bioavailability of arsenic in selected Bangladesh soils. Huq, SM; Naidu, R; Owens, G; Smith, E, 2009)	0.35
" The difference in the degree of As lixiviation between the three tailing soils was found to be related to the bioavailability of As as well as the original biomass in the tailing soils."	( Geochemical and microbial effects on the mobilization of arsenic in mine tailing soils. Kim, KW; Kim, SO; Lee, KY, 2010)	0.36
" The levels of dissolved metals in this study reveal low bioavailability and toxic potential."	( Dissolved and particulate metals in water from Sonora Coast: a pristine zone of Gulf of California: metals in water from Sonora Coast. García-Rico, L; Gómez-Álvarez, A; Jara-Marini, ME; Tejeda-Valenzuela, L, 2011)	0.37
" Bioavailability factor (BAF) and translocation factor (TF) were calculated in plants and trophic transfer factor (TTF) was determined in bird species."	( Bioaccumulation of trace elements in trophic levels of wetland plants and waterfowl birds. Alhashemi, AS; Karbassi, AR; Kiabi, BH; Monavari, SM; Nabavi, SM; Sekhavatjou, MS, 2011)	0.37
" In this paper, we demonstrate the dynamic response of the photosynthetic apparatus to changes in Mn bioavailability in cyanobacteria."	( Manganese limitation induces changes in the activity and in the organization of photosynthetic complexes in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. Keren, N; Salomon, E, 2011)	1.81
" Similarly, addition of Cu(2+) reduced the production of formic and oxalic acids, and reduced the bioavailability of the partially degraded NOM."	( Effect of selected metal ions on the photocatalytic degradation of bog lake water natural organic matter. Espinoza, LA; Frimmel, FH; Karle, E; Peschke, R; ter Haseborg, E; Weber, M, 2011)	0.37
" The compost reduced metal availability and plant uptake, while fresh olive husk favoured Mn bioavailability and produced phytotoxicity."	( Impact of fresh and composted solid olive husk and their water-soluble fractions on soil heavy metal fractionation; microbial biomass and plant uptake. Bernal, MP; Clemente, R; de la Fuente, C; Martínez-Alcalá, I; Tortosa, G, 2011)	0.37
" This suggested that soil pH might play a role in the bioavailability of arsenic."	( Arsenic concentrations in soils impacted by dam failure of coal-ash pond in Zemianske Kostolany, Slovakia. Hiller, E; Jurkovič, L; Pet'ková, K; Veselská, V, 2011)	0.37
" They are regulatory proteins that modulate intercellular adhesion and the bioavailability of growth factors, and have been implicated in many disease states, including cancer, immunity and inflammation."	( Modulation of integrin α4β1 by ADAM28 promotes lymphocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration. Ager, A; English, WR; McGinn, OJ; Murphy, G; Newham, P; Roberts, S, 2011)	0.37
" Recently, properties other than antioxidant potency, such as lipophilicity, size, shape, and bulkiness, which influence the bioavailability and the toxicity of MnPs, have been addressed as they affect their in vivo efficacy and therapeutic utility."	( Methoxy-derivatization of alkyl chains increases the in vivo efficacy of cationic Mn porphyrins. Synthesis, characterization, SOD-like activity, and SOD-deficient E. coli study of meta Mn(III) N-methoxyalkylpyridylporphyrins. Batinic-Haberle, I; Benov, L; Chen, X; Rajic, Z; Reboucas, JS; Salvemini, D; Sheng, H; Spasojevic, I; Tovmasyan, AG; Warner, DS, 2011)	0.37
" Metal bioavailability and toxicity in sediment is often predicted from models of simultaneous extracted metal and acid volatile sulfide (SEM-AVS); however, studies of the applicability of these models for Ni-contaminated sediments have been conducted primarily in laboratory settings."	( Nickel phase partitioning and toxicity in field-deployed sediments. Burton, GA; Costello, DM; Hammerschmidt, CR; Rogevich, EC; Schlekat, CE, 2011)	0.37
" Because most of the airborne particles in welding fume are in the respirable fraction, their bioavailability is likely to be higher than for coarser dust exposure."	( Manganese in plasma: a promising biomarker of exposure to Mn in welders. A pilot study. Deumer, G; Geens, T; Haufroid, V; Hoet, P; Roels, HA; Vanmarcke, E, 2012)	1.82
"An experiment was conducted to investigate the bioavailability of organic manganese proteinate (Mn) relative to inorganic Mn sulfate for broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal basal diet."	( Relative bioavailability of manganese proteinate for broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet. Li, S; Liu, S; Lu, L; Luo, X; Wang, F; Yao, J; Zhang, L, 2012)	0.9
"Manganese (Mn) oxides are among the most reactive minerals within the environment, where they control the bioavailability of carbon, nutrients, and numerous metals."	( Mn(II) oxidation by an ascomycete fungus is linked to superoxide production during asexual reproduction. Hansel, CM; Santelli, CM; Webb, SM; Zeiner, CA, 2012)	1.82
" Under physiological circumstances manganese is poorly absorbed from the intestine after oral intake, but by the use of specific absorption promoters, L-alanine and vitamin D(3), it is possible to obtain a sufficiently high concentration in the liver in order to achieve a significant signal enhancing effect."	( A new manganese-based oral contrast agent (CMC-001) for liver MRI: pharmacological and pharmaceutical aspects. Albiin, N; Brismar, TB; Jørgensen, JT; Rief, M; Wagner, M, 2012)	1.14
"High recalcitrant characteristics and low bioavailability rates due to aging processes can hinder high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW-PAHs) bioremediation in real industrial polluted soils."	( Comparative assessment of bioremediation approaches to highly recalcitrant PAH degradation in a real industrial polluted soil. Covino, S; D'annibale, A; Lladó, S; Petruccioli, M; Solanas, AM; Viñas, M, 2013)	0.39
" Bioavailability was then evaluated by analyzing plasma samples of horses supplemented with glycinates-rich feed."	( Determination of Zn-, Cu- and Mn-glycinate complexes in feed samples and in-vitro and in-vivo assays to assess their bioaccessibility in feed samples. Ionescu, C; Lobinski, R; Oguey, S; Vacchina, V, 2013)	0.39
" However, the effect of ferritin accumulation on cellular iron bioavailability remains poorly understood."	( Biophysical and genetic analysis of iron partitioning and ferritin function in Drosophila melanogaster. Gambis, A; Gutiérrez, L; Lázaro, FJ; Missirlis, F; Mollereau, B; Nield, J; Zubow, K, 2013)	0.39
"Reactive Mn(IV) oxide minerals are ubiquitous in the environment and control the bioavailability and distribution of many toxic and essential elements and organic compounds."	( Mn(II,III) oxidation and MnO2 mineralization by an expressed bacterial multicopper oxidase. Butterfield, CN; Lee, SW; Soldatova, AV; Spiro, TG; Tebo, BM, 2013)	0.39
" pulex is a useful candidate to monitor metal bioavailability in freshwaters due to its responsiveness to low exposures of surrounding environments."	( Essential metal contents in indigenous gammarids related to exposure levels at the river basin scale: metal-dependent models of bioaccumulation and geochemical correlations. Gourlay-Francé, C; Lebrun, JD; Tusseau-Vuillemin, MH; Uher, E, 2014)	0.4
" The transfer from one point to another point in the environment, as well as the bioavailability and toxicity of these two metals, depend above all on their speciation."	( Fe and Mn oxidation states by TEM-EELS in fine-particle emissions from a Fe-Mn alloy making plant. Deboudt, K; Flament, P; Gieré, R; Grobéty, B; Marris, H, 2013)	0.39
"Studies concerning the lability and bioavailability of trace metals have played a prominent role in the search for contamination of water resources."	( Evaluation of diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT) for measuring Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn in Amazonian rivers. Colaço, CD; Domingos, RN; Kiang, CH; Menegário, AA; Pascoaloto, D; Yabuki, LN, 2014)	0.4
" Moreover, during infection the bioavailability of zinc can be further decreased by calprotectin, an antimicrobial Zn/Mn-chelating protein that is released by neutrophils in abscesses."	( The ZrfC alkaline zinc transporter is required for Aspergillus fumigatus virulence and its growth in the presence of the Zn/Mn-chelating protein calprotectin. Amich, J; Calera, JA; Leal, F; Mellado, E; Ruiz-Carmuega, A; Vicentefranqueira, R, 2014)	0.4
" The high asphaltene content might be responsible for the decrease in bioavailability to microorganisms and therefore reduce the biodegradability of asphalt in the environment."	( Enhanced biodegradation of asphalt in the presence of Tween surfactants, Mn(2+) and H2O2 by Pestalotiopsis sp. in liquid medium and soil. Tachibana, S; Yanto, DH, 2014)	0.4
" The oligomerization and partial dechlorination brought about by grinding, suggest a reduction in bioavailability and toxicity."	( Birnessite-induced mechanochemical degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol. Mingelgrin, U; Nasser, A, 2014)	0.4
" In an adaptive response, bacteria have evolved systems to acquire the metals in the face of this competition while effluxing excess or toxic metals to maintain a bioavailability of transition metals that is consistent with a particular inorganic "fingerprint" under the prevailing conditions."	( Manganese acquisition and homeostasis at the host-pathogen interface. Giedroc, DP; Lisher, JP, 2013)	1.83
" Metal concentration and geochemical fractionation in sediment significantly affected metal bioavailability and accumulation in polychaetes, except for Ni."	( Metal pollution in a contaminated bay: relationship between metal geochemical fractionation in sediments and accumulation in a polychaete. Fan, W; Wang, WX; Xu, Z, 2014)	0.4
" Perhaps soil arsenic was easily dissolved in the soil solution and the bioavailability of AsS, treatment was better than that of AsS, treatment."	( [Influence of sulfur on the bioavailability of arsenic uptake by rice (Oryza. sativa L. ) and its speciation in soil ]. Rao, W; Tang, BP; Wang, D; Wang, DC; Yang, SJ; Zhang, YN; Zhu, YJ, 2014)	0.4
" Our results show the nutritional value of the wild vegetables in the aspect of mineral nutrition; however, further research is needed to evaluate the bioavailability of various elements in wild vegetables."	( Analysis of six elements (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) in several wild vegetables and evaluation of their intakes based on Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2011. Bae, YJ; Choi, MK; Kim, MH; Lee, JH, 2015)	0.42
" However, information about element bioavailability from these plants is lacking."	( Bioaccessibility versus bioavailability of essential (Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) and toxic (Pb) elements from phyto hyperaccumulator Pistia stratiotes: potential risk of dietary intake. Čadková, Z; Horáková, B; Kopecký, O; Křivská, D; Langrová, I; Miholová, D; Száková, J; Tlustoš, P, 2015)	0.42
"Delivery of arsenic trioxide (ATO), a clinical anticancer drug, has drawn much attention to improve its pharmacokinetics and bioavailability for efficient cancer therapy."	( Real-time monitoring of arsenic trioxide release and delivery by activatable T(1) imaging. Chi, X; Gao, J; Li, H; Liu, H; Wang, X; Yin, Z; Zhang, H; Zhang, Z; Zhao, Z; Zhu, X, 2015)	0.42
"07 mg/kg, respectively) on the bioavailability of these trace minerals and Ca in late-phase laying hens were evaluated."	( Effects of Organic and Inorganic Forms of Manganese, Zinc, Copper, and Chromium on Bioavailability of These Minerals and Calcium in Late-Phase Laying Hens. Atik, Z; Gültekin, M; Mızrak, C; Tunca, M; Yenice, E, 2015)	0.68
" The in vivo bioavailability and toxicity of MnPs have been addressed also."	( An educational overview of the chemistry, biochemistry and therapeutic aspects of Mn porphyrins--From superoxide dismutation to H2O2-driven pathways. Batinic-Haberle, I; Spasojevic, I; Tovmasyan, A, 2015)	0.42
"The bioavailability of transition metals in sediments often depends on redox conditions in the sediment."	( Copper Sediment Toxicity and Partitioning during Oxidation in a Flow-Through Flume. Burton, GA; Costello, DM; Hammerschmidt, CR, 2015)	0.42
" The results indicate that As bioavailability is negligible."	( Strong Acid Mixture and Sequential Geochemical Arsenic Extractions in Surface Sediments from the Santa Maria La Reforma Coastal Lagoon, Mexico: A Bioavailability Assessment. Green-Ruiz, C; Rivera-Hernández, JR, 2016)	0.43
" The increasing diffusion distances of toluene or ethylbenzene to the solid Mn(IV) most likely caused limited bioavailability and hence resulted in the observed masking effect."	( Characterization of toluene and ethylbenzene biodegradation under nitrate-, iron(III)- and manganese(IV)-reducing conditions by compound-specific isotope analysis. Dorer, C; Neu, TR; Richnow, HH; Stryhanyuk, H; Vogt, C, 2016)	0.65
"An 84-day feeding trial was conducted in growing turkeys to measure the bioavailability of Cu, Zn and Mn from a commercial mineral chelate and corresponding inorganic salts in composite feeds containing supplemental riboflavin (B2) and/or pyridoxine (B6)."	( Bioavailability of Cu, Zn and Mn from Mineral Chelates or Blends of Inorganic Salts in Growing Turkeys Fed with Supplemental Riboflavin and/or Pyridoxine. Bello, FA; Fafiolu, AO; Jegede, AV; Oluwatosin, OO; Oso, AO; Pirgozliev, V; Salami, SA; Sogunle, OM, 2016)	0.43
"To determine the effects of dietary Fe concentration on Mn bioavailability in rats fed inorganic or organic Mn sources, fifty-four 22-d-old male rats were randomly assigned and fed a basal diet (2·63 mg Fe/kg) supplemented with 0 (low Fe (L-Fe)), 35 (adequate Fe (A-Fe)) or 175 (high Fe (H-Fe)) mg Fe/kg with 10 mg Mn/kg from MnSO4 or Mn-lysine chelate (MnLys)."	( Dietary iron concentration influences serum concentrations of manganese in rats consuming organic or inorganic sources of manganese. Bai, S; Ding, X; Gilbert, ER; Pan, S; Wang, J; Zeng, Q; Zhang, H; Zhang, K, 2016)	0.67
" The bioavailability of Mn must be considered, including chemical form, oxidation state, mineral-mineral interactions, presence of dietary components and traditional food processing techniques (milling, germination, malting, fermentation)."	( International variability in diet and requirements of manganese: Causes and consequences. Freeland-Graves, JH; Kim, S; Mousa, TY, 2016)	0.68
" Airborne Mn has a high systemic bioavailability and can be directly taken up into the brain, making it highly neurotoxic."	( Mutation in HFE gene decreases manganese accumulation and oxidative stress in the brain after olfactory manganese exposure. Kim, J; Ye, Q, 2016)	0.72
"Manganese (Mn) oxides are highly reactive minerals that influence the speciation, mobility, bioavailability and toxicity of a wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds."	( Diverse manganese(II)-oxidizing bacteria are prevalent in drinking water systems. Anantharaman, K; Dick, GJ; Kramer, EL; Marcus, DN; Pinto, A; Raskin, L; Ruberg, SA, 2017)	2.33
" ARG2 protein is not reduced in the prodromal stage, though enzyme activity is reduced, indicating that altered Mn bioavailability as a cofactor leads to the deficient enzymatic activity."	( Reduced bioavailable manganese causes striatal urea cycle pathology in Huntington's disease mouse model. Aschner, M; Bichell, TJV; Bowman, AB; Bradley, EM; Bryan, M; Colbran, RJ; Di Pardo, A; Dudek, K; Fisher, N; Halbesma, T; Holt, HK; Horning, K; Kwakye, GF; Maglione, V; Neely, MD; Osmand, A; Stubbs, AD; Tidball, AM; Tipps, KG; Uhouse, MA; Umashanker, P; Wegrzynowicz, M, 2017)	0.77
"A 9-year manipulative experiment with nitrogen (N) and water addition, simulating increasing N deposition and changing precipitation regime, was conducted to investigate the bioavailability of trace elements, iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in soil, and their uptake by plants under the two environmental change factors in a semi-arid grassland of Inner Mongolia."	( Effects of nitrogen and water addition on trace element stoichiometry in five grassland species. Cai, J; Jiang, Y; Li, H; Liu, H; Luo, W; Wang, R; Weiner, J; Xu, Z; Zhang, Y, 2017)	0.64
" Sequential extraction was performed to determine the solubility and thus estimate the bioavailability of the four investigated essential and potentially therapeutically relevant metals."	( Sequential Extraction as Novel Approach to Compare 12 Medicinal Plants From Kenya Regarding Their Potential to Release Chromium, Manganese, Copper, and Zinc. Getenga, MZ; Kariuki, DK; Mogwasi, R; Nischwitz, V; Zor, S, 2018)	0.69
"The influence of the human gut microbiota on the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of trace elements in vegetables has barely been studied."	( Estimation of the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn in Chinese vegetables using the in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model: the influence of gut microbiota. Cai, X; Chen, X; Chen, Y; Cui, Y; Du, H; Sun, G; Wang, L; Xu, Y; Yin, N, 2017)	0.46
"Due to concerns for enhanced absorption of manganese (Mn) from drinking water compared to diet, bioavailability of Mn from drinking water remains a major data gap in understanding Mn kinetics."	( Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling suggests similar bioavailability of Mn from diet and drinking water. Andersen, ME; Clewell, HJ; Gentry, PR; Keene, AM; Song, G; Taylor, MD; Van Landingham, CB; Yoon, M, 2018)	0.74
"The experiment was conducted to investigate the bioavailability of manganese (Mn) from humate-Mn complex relative to Mn sulphate for the starter broilers fed a conventional corn-soya bean meal diet."	( Relative bioavailability of humate-manganese complex for broilers fed a corn-soya bean meal diet. Bai, S; Ding, X; He, C; Peng, H; Wang, J; Xuan, Y; Yu, C; Zeng, Q; Zhang, K; Zhao, F, 2019)	1.03
"This study was conducted to determine the effects of rice husk ash (RHA) and Fe-coated rice husk ash (Fe-RHA) on the bioavailability and mobility of As, Cd, and Mn in mine tailings."	( Bioavailability and mobility of arsenic, cadmium, and manganese in gold mine tailings amended with rice husk ash and Fe-coated rice husk ash. Aris, AZ; Jamilu, G; Karam, DS; Samsuri, AW; Tariq, FS, 2019)	0.76
"Metal flux measurements inform the mobility, potential bioavailability and risk of toxicity for metals in contaminated sediments and therefore is an important approach for sediment quality assessment."	( Bioturbation effects on metal release from contaminated sediments are metal-dependent. Simpson, SL; Wang, WX; Xie, M, 2019)	0.51
" This work studies the solubility and bioavailability of arsenic in the soils of watercourses that drain into the Mar Menor, using nine single chemical extractions with different reagents."	( Assessment of the risk associated with mining-derived arsenic inputs in a lagoon system. Gómez-Martínez, MDC; Martínez-López, S; Martínez-Sánchez, MJ; Pérez-Sirvent, C, 2020)	0.56
" Built upon the ability to capture differences in Mn source-specific regulation of intestinal uptake in nursing infants who are breast-fed and formula-fed, the updated model now describes the bioavailability of Mn from drinking water in children of ages 0-18."	( Assessing children's exposure to manganese in drinking water using a PBPK model. Andersen, ME; Antonijevic, T; Clewell, HJ; Gentry, PR; Keene, AM; Ring, C; Song, G; Suh, M; Taylor, MD; Van Landingham, CB; Yoon, M, 2019)	0.8
" The ingestion of soil or dust is a significant route of human exposure to potential harmful elements (PHE), and assays of bioaccessibility or bioavailability can be used to measure the potential hazard posed by exposure to toxic substances."	( Human intestinal Caco-2 cell line in vitro assay to evaluate the absorption of Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn from urban environmental matrices. Alleoni, LRF; Boim, AGF; Canniatti-Brazaca, SG; Wragg, J, 2020)	0.56
"Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Selenium (Se), and Zn bioavailability from selenate- and selenite-enriched lettuce plants was studied by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion followed by an assay with Caco-2 cells."	( Bioavailability Assessment of Copper, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium, and Zinc from Selenium-Enriched Lettuce. Cadore, S; do Nascimento da Silva, E, 2019)	0.78
" For example, mutations associated with Huntington's disease (HD) decrease Mn bioavailability and increase resistance to Mn cytotoxicity in human and mouse striatal neuronal progenitors."	( Huntington's disease associated resistance to Mn neurotoxicity is neurodevelopmental stage and neuronal lineage dependent. Aschner, M; Bodnya, C; Bowman, AB; Ilieva, I; Joshi, P; Neely, MD, 2019)	0.51
" Reductions in the bioavailability of the essential metal manganese (Mn) are seen in models of HD."	( Acute manganese treatment restores defective autophagic cargo loading in Huntington's disease cell lines. Aschner, M; Bowman, AB; Bryan, MR; Di Pardo, A; Foshage, AM; Joshi, P; Maglione, V; Nitin, R; Nordham, KD; O'Brien, MT; Rose, DIR; Uhouse, MA; Zhang, Z, 2019)	1.24
"Naturally occurring and synthetic chelating ligands can act as suppressants for fungal pathogens, nematodes and weeds, based on their ability to alter micronutrient bioavailability in soil, particularly iron."	( Extraction of metals from mildly acidic tropical soils: Interactions between chelating ligand, pH and soil type. Hocking, RK; Nelson, PN; Orr, R; Pattison, A, 2020)	0.56
" The potential effects of hardwood biochar (HWB) was assessed for chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and lead (Pb) bioavailability in mine-contaminated soils and their subsequently bioaccumulation in crops and associated health risk."	( Biochar efficacy for reducing heavy metals uptake by Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) and spinach (Spinaccia oleracea) to minimize human health risk. Ayaz, T; Ding, X; Fidel, R; Khan, AZ; Khan, MA; Khan, S, 2020)	0.77
"In this study, we investigated the mechanism of decrease in arsenic (As) bioavailability after addition of biochar (BC) supplemented with iron (Fe)- manganese (Mn)- cerium (Ce) oxide (FMCBC) to As-contaminated paddy soil."	( Effect of Fe-Mn-Ce modified biochar composite on microbial diversity and properties of arsenic-contaminated paddy soils. Gao, M; Liu, X; Song, Z; Zhang, G, 2020)	0.76
" In three acidic paddy soils slightly to moderately contaminated with Cd, a series of field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of different proportions of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (N-P-K) fertilizer (urea, calcium magnesium phosphate, and potassium carbonate, respectively) alone or coupled with a topdressing of manganese (Mn) fertilizer at the tillering stage on reducing Cd bioavailability in soil and uptake in rice."	( Cadmium accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) alleviated by basal alkaline fertilizers followed by topdressing of manganese fertilizer. Chen, Y; Deng, X; Lu, L; Yang, Y; Yuan, X; Zeng, H; Zeng, Q, 2020)	0.94
" This study assessed (i) the distribution pattern of Cu, Mn and Zn in six geochemical fractionations; (ii) the mobility, bioavailability and toxicity of Cu, Mn and Zn based on eight contamination and ecological indices, and (iii) the impact of Cu, Mn and Zn on soil quality."	( Assessment of mobility and environmental risks associated with copper, manganese and zinc in soils of a dumping site around a Ramsar site. Borah, P; Gujre, N; Karak, T; Mitra, S; Paul, RK; Rangan, L; Rene, ER, 2020)	0.79
" However, their combined treatment did not show a synergistic toxic response in liver and kidney functions which may be due to the fact that the radiation level is low, specific absorption rate (SAR) is subthermal (0."	( Cumulative effects of manganese nanoparticle and radiofrequency radiation in male Wistar rats. Gaharwar, US; Gautam, R; Nirala, JP; Pardhiya, S; Priyadarshini, E; Rajamani, P, 2022)	1.04
"The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative bioavailability (RB) of manganese (Mn) proteinate compared to Mn sulfate for broilers fed a diet based on corn and soybean meal for 20 d."	( Relative bioavailability of manganese in relation to proteinate and sulfate sources for broiler chickens from one to 20 d of age. Albergaria, JDS; Araújo, ICS; Ferreira, FNA; Fontes, DO; Lara, LJC; Saldanha, MM; Triguineli, MV; Vaz, DP, 2020)	1.08
"As important natural oxidants and adsorbents, manganese (Mn) oxide minerals affect the speciation, bioavailability and fate of pollutants and nutrient elements."	( Formation and transformation of manganese(III) intermediates in the photochemical generation of manganese(IV) oxide minerals. Liu, L; Qiu, G; Suib, SL; Tan, W; Zhang, T, 2021)	1.16
" However, the speciation and bioavailability of Mn in wheat grains and their response to different phosphorus (P) fertilization rates are still unclear."	( High phosphorus fertilization changes the speciation and distribution of manganese in wheat grains grown in a calcareous soil. Guo, Z; Hui, X; Kopittke, PM; Shi, M; Wang, H; Wang, R; Wang, S; Wang, X; Wang, Z, 2021)	0.85
" Our results also suggest that the anthropogenic Mn pollution in river sediment and spatial-seasonal bioavailability of Mn should be considered to improve sediment quality control."	( Levels of bioavailable manganese in river sediment may elevate reproductive risk in model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Chai, ZY; How, CM; Huang, CW; Liao, VH; Yen, PL, 2021)	0.93
" Inorganic and organic manganese sources are used in global poultry production, but there is a lack of systematic investigations to compare the bioavailability among them."	( Effects of Inorganic and Organic Manganese Supplementation on Growth Performance, Tibia Development, and Oxidative Stress in Broiler Chickens. Tang, L; Wang, L; Wang, ZY; Xia, WH, 2022)	1.31
" The results illuminated that pyrolysis temperature is a crucial factor of fraction and bioavailability of Mn and other heavy metals in the resultant biochar and pyrolysis temperature under 450 °C may be most suitable for reutilization without potential risk."	( Reutilization of manganese enriched biochar derived from Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. residue after phytoremediation for lead and tetracycline removal. Chen, H; Chi, T; Du, C; Liu, B; Wu, H; Yu, G; Zhou, L; Zhu, X, 2022)	1.06
"Antimony (Sb) accumulation in soil poses great potential risk to ecological environment, and its mobilization, transformation and bioavailability are controlled by its fractions and species."	( Immobilization mechanism of antimony by applying zirconium-manganese oxide in soil. Nong, X; Rong, Q; Zhang, C; Zhao, H; Zhong, K, 2022)	0.96
" Anaerobic manganese redox reactions mediated by microorganisms have been recognized for a long time, which promote elements mobility and bioavailability in the environment."	( Anaerobic microbial manganese oxidation and reduction: A critical review. Cai, C; Dang, CC; Ding, J; Liu, BF; Ren, NQ; Tian, N; Wang, Q; Wang, X; Xie, GJ; Xing, DF, 2022)	1.43
" Despite their potential ecological impact, the bioavailability of these trace metals in such sedimentary settings has been poorly investigated."	( Bioavailability of chromium, nickel, iron and manganese in relation to their speciation in coastal sediments downstream of ultramafic catchments: A case study in New Caledonia. Fernandez, JM; Flipo, L; Juillot, F; Le Pape, P; Merrot, P; Moreton, B; Morin, G; Noël, V; Tharaud, M; Viollier, E, 2022)	0.98
" Metal binding immune proteins reduce the bioavailability of metals at the infection sites starving intruders, while immune cells intoxicate pathogens by providing metals in excess leading to enzyme mismetallation and/or reactive oxygen species generation."	( Battle for Metals: Regulatory RNAs at the Front Line. Charbonnier, M; González-Espinoza, G; Kehl-Fie, TE; Lalaouna, D, 2022)	0.72
" Co-incorporation of Chinese milk vetch (MV) and rice straw (RS) is a common agricultural practice in Southern China; however, the effects of combining these two materials with biochar on Cd bioavailability remain unclear."	( Co-incorporation of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.), rice straw, and biochar strengthens the mitigation of Cd uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.). Cao, W; Chang, D; Gao, S; Liang, T; Liao, Y; Lu, Y; Nie, J; Wang, Y; Zhou, G; Zou, C, 2022)	0.72
" Se application increased the bioavailability of N and P in soil and their total concentration in the straw and seeds of each plant."	( Effects of foliar application of selenium and potassium-humate on oat growth in Baloza, North Sinai, Egypt. Abou-Shady, A; Eissa, D; Hegab, RH, 2022)	0.72
" These results suggest that Zn protects against Mn-induced cytotoxicity and impacts Mn bioavailability to a great extent when cells are preincubated with higher Zn concentrations for longer duration as characterized by decreased activation of caspase-3 as well as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release."	( The Impact of Zinc on Manganese Bioavailability and Cytotoxicity in HepG2 Cells. Aschner, M; Bornhorst, J; Ebert, F; Haase, H; Kasper, S; Michaelis, V; Naperkowski, L; Pusse, J; Schwerdtle, T; Thiel, A, 2023)	1.22
"Biogenic manganese oxides (BMO) are widely distributed in groundwater and provides promise for adsorbing and oxidizing a wide range of micropollutants, however, the continuous biodegradation and bioavailability of micropollutants via cycle biogenic Mn(II) oxidation remains to be elucidated."	( Detoxification and metabolism of glyphosate by a Pseudomonas sp. via biogenic manganese oxidation. Ji, Q; Jin, B; Wang, H; Yu, J, 2023)	1.56
" We defined U as intensity for diverse investigated parameters of plant growth and L as the bioavailability period."	( Definition of agronomic circular economy metrics and use for assessment for a nanofertilizer case study. Butler, GD; Escribà-Gelonch, M; Goswami, A; Hessel, V; Tran, NN, 2023)	0.91
"The oxidation and immobilization of arsenic (As) by manganese oxides have been shown to reduce As toxicity and bioavailability under abiotic conditions."	( Effect of manganese oxides on arsenic speciation and mobilization in different arsenic-adsorbed iron-minerals under microbially-reducing conditions. Cai, X; Chang, X; Cui, Y; Du, X; Fan, C; Huang, X; Liu, X; Wang, P; Wang, S; Yin, N, 2023)	1.56
" We conducted a relative bioavailability (RBA) study using F344 rats to assess Mn RBA from EAF slag ingestion, compared with Mn in diet."	( Manganese relative oral bioavailability in electric arc furnace steel slag is influenced by high iron content and low bioaccessibility. Blanchette, AD; Proctor, DM; Vivanco, SN, 2023)	2.35
"8 μg/L) and other HMs after 30 d of incubation, reduced the bioavailability of As(V) and improved the quality and microbial activity of the soil."	( Remediation of arsenic contaminated water and soil using mechanically (ball milling) activated and pyrite-amended electrolytic manganese slag. Du, D; Ha, Z; Lan, Y; Lin, Y; Ma, M; Tan, X; Zhang, TC, 2023)	1.12
" The sustained release effect significantly improved the bioavailability of berberine."	( Manganese-doped albumin-gelatin composite nanogel loaded with berberine applied to the treatment of gouty arthritis in rats via a SPARC-dependent mechanism. An, J; Cheng, S; Du, J; Hu, Y; Li, Y; Liu, X; Mei, X; Sun, J; Tian, H; Wu, C; Xiong, Y; Yu, Y, 2023)	2.35

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Dose-response curves which demonstrate the effect of norepinephrine and isoproterenol on the rate of electrical activity in the presence of Ca++ or Sr++ were made."	( Adrenergic drug-receptor interaction in the presence of strontium (Sr++) in mammalian myocardium. Ahlquist, RP; Carrier, GO; Matheny, JL, 1975)	0.25
" The sheep received a pelleted diet and were dosed with 0, 300, 600 and 1200 microgram of nitrilotriacetic acid per gram of diet via the rumen fistula."	( The effects of nitrilotriacetic acid on solubilities of zinc, copper, manganese, and iron in the stomach of sheep. Ivan, M; Jui, P, 1979)	0.49
" The dose-response curves for AMV and RMuLV polymerases primed with (rA)n."	( Phosphonoformate inhibits reverse transcriptase. Oberg, B; Sundquist, B, 1979)	0.26
"Tissue samples were taken from pregnant ewes and their 3-month fetuses 96 hours after intraruminal dosing of the ewes with tritiated choline."	( Fate of labeled choline administered intraruminally to pregnant ewes given manganese-deficient or -supplemented rations. Hidiroglou, M; Kramer, JK; Williams, CJ, 1979)	0.49
" Dose-response curves to Ba2+ in SHR strips were displaced to the right as compared to NW rats."	( Evidence for a visceral smooth muscle abnormality in Okamoto spontaneous hypertension. Altman, J; Da Ponte, F; Worcel, M, 1977)	0.26
"The lithium content of human hair shows an approximately linear response to extradietary lithium supplementation at dosage levels of up to 2000 micrograms/d."	( Lithium in scalp hair of adults, students, and violent criminals. Effects of supplementation and evidence for interactions of lithium with vitamin B12 and with other trace elements. Flores-Arce, MF; Schrauzer, GN; Shrestha, KP, 1992)	0.28
" In the presence of dithiothreitol, the dose-response curve of guanylate cyclase activation was shifted rightward by a factor of 30."	( Characterization and regulation of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-R1 receptors in the human neuroblastoma cell line NB-OK-1. Christophe, J; Delporte, C; Gossen, D; Poloczek, P; Tastenoy, M; Winand, J, 1991)	0.28
" Twenty-one days after dosing rats were killed and samples of liver, kidney and jejunum were taken for the analysis of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Zn."	( Increased copper concentrations in rat tissues after acute intoxication with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Elsenhans, B; Forth, W; Richter, E, 1991)	0.28
" These results suggest that the reduced level of MnSOD activity observed in human tumor cells is not due to a defect in the primary structure of the MnSOD protein, a change in the dosage of the MnSOD gene, or a decrease in the stability of MnSOD mRNA in tumor cells but rather is due to a defect or defects in the expression of the gene."	( Complementary DNA encoding human colon cancer manganese superoxide dismutase and the expression of its gene in human cells. Holland, JC; St Clair, DK, 1991)	0.54
" Dose-response analysis of peak and plateau phases of intracellular Ca2+ shows different agonist potencies for both phases, carbachol being more potent for the plateau phase."	( Muscarinic-receptor-mediated changes in intracellular Ca2+ and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate mass in a human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y. Lambert, DG; Nahorski, SR, 1990)	0.28
" A dose-response curve for the depolarizing shift of the activation and inactivation curves of IA, as a function of manganese concentration, could be fitted by a single binding site model with an apparent dissociation constant of approximately 17 mM."	( A modulatory action of divalent cations on transient outward current in cultured rat sensory neurones. Mayer, ML; Sugiyama, K, 1988)	0.48
" In addition, verapamil shifted the dose-response curves for both 5-HT and PE to the right in parallel, indicative of competitive antagonism."	( Studies on the site of the interaction between alpha 1-adrenoceptors and 5-HT2 receptors in rat tail arteries. Marwood, JF, 1988)	0.27
" However, the inhibitory dose-response curves of adenylate cyclase to R-PIA, nicotinic acid, GTP, guanylylimidodiphosphate, and guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) were unaltered by adrenalectomy, indicating that the inhibitory function of Gi is unimpaired by adrenalectomy."	( Role of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and the Ri-receptor Gi-coupled adenylate cyclase inhibitory pathway in the mechanism whereby adrenalectomy increases the adenosine antilipolytic effect in rat fat cells. de Mazancourt, P; Giot, J; Giudicelli, Y; Lacasa, D, 1989)	0.28
" At the highest dosage of manganese administration, manganese concentrations in cerebrum and basal ganglia were higher with intravenous administration of manganese than with intraperitoneal administration."	( [The effect of the dosage and route of manganese administration on manganese concentration in rat brain]. Itokawa, Y; Kabata, H; Kimura, M; Matsuda, A; Yokoi, K, 1989)	0.85
" Analysis of iontophoretic dose-response curves indicated that DL-APV was a competitive antagonist."	( Action of excitatory amino acids and their antagonists on hippocampal neurons. Hablitz, JJ, 1985)	0.27
" In contrast, dose-response curves for GTP-stimulation of basal and isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase display higher maximal responses in fasted rats under conditions restraining (2 mM Mg2+) but not promoting (10 mM Mg2+) the dissociation of Ns."	( Fasting increases fat cell adenylate cyclase sensitivity to stimulatory agonists through enhanced ability of the stimulatory regulatory component Ns to dissociate. Agli, B; Giudicelli, Y; Lacasa, D, 1986)	0.27
" The dose-response curves of cation-induction of maturation show an optimum of 20 mM for Mg2+ and 15 mM for Mn2+ (pipet concentration); higher doses were less active."	( A possible role for Mg2+ ions in the induction of meiotic maturation of Xenopus oocyte. Bellé, R; Marot, J; Mulner-Lorillon, O; Ozon, R, 1986)	0.27
"1-4%, w/w) in three separate experiments: (1) a 2-week dose-response study; (2) a 2-month long-term feeding study; and (3) a pregnancy study."	( Effect of the antihypertensive drug hydralazine on mineral metabolism in the rat. Keen, CL; Lönnerdal, B; Peters, JM, 1988)	0.27
" There were no clear-cut dose-response relationships between Mn-U or duration of Mn exposure and the prevalence of abnormal CNS or biological findings."	( Epidemiological survey among workers exposed to manganese: effects on lung, central nervous system, and some biological indices. Bernard, A; Buchet, JP; de Fays, M; Genet, P; Hanotiau, I; Lauwerys, R; Roels, H; Sarhan, MJ; Stanescu, D, 1987)	0.53
"H2O) for 7 d prior to intravenous or duodenal dosing with 54Mn."	( Metabolism of manganese in calves as affected by dietary manganese and intravenous or duodenal manganese-54 dosing. Blackmon, DM; Gentry, RP; Miller, WJ; Neathery, MW; Stake, PE, 1987)	0.63
"To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a multiple, low dosage ingestion of manganese."	( Chronic enteral poisoning caused by potassium permanganate: a case report. Beuche, W; Holzgraefe, M; Kijewski, H; Poser, W, 1986)	0.49
" MBN dosing was followed by a 12-wk period for tumor promotion."	( Effect of selenium and molybdenum on methylbenzylnitrosamine-induced esophageal lesions and tissue trace metals in the rat. Bogden, JD; Bruening, KS; Chung, HR; Holding, K; Kemp, FW; Naveh, Y, 1986)	0.27
" The apparent Kd obtained from the micromolar-affinity BZ binding curve for leech ganglionic membrane preparations agrees well with the apparent Ki estimated from the dose-response curve measuring BZ inhibition of Vmax of the divalent cation potentials."	( Inhibition of Ca2+ conductance in identified leech neurons by benzodiazepines. DeLorenzo, RJ; Johansen, J; Kleinhaus, AL; Taft, WC; Yang, J, 1985)	0.27
"Long-Evans rat pups were dosed orally from birth to 21 d with particulate Mn3O4 to obtain a daily dose of 0, 71, or 214 micrograms Mn/body weight ."	( Assessment of the male reproductive system in the preweanling rat following Mn3O4 exposure. Edens, FW; Hein, JF; Laskey, JW; Laws, SC; Rehnberg, GL, 1985)	0.27
" Results are presented for several sets of experiments, including dose-response data for weakly chelated Mn2+ and time-response data for free and complexed Mn2+."	( Magnetic field dependence of proton relaxation rates in tissue with added Mn2+: rabbit liver and kidney. Brown, RD; Burnett, KR; Goldstein, EJ; Koenig, SH; Wolf, GL, 1985)	0.27
" T1 measurements by pulsed MR imaging and manganese analyses on excised tissue showed that both relaxation rate (1/T1) and manganese content of liver and kidney increase linearly with the dosage of Mn(cyclam)."	( Paramagnetic macrocyclic complexes as contrast agents for MR imaging: proton nuclear relaxation rate enhancement in aqueous solution and in rat tissues. Hinson, WH; Jackels, SC; Karstaedt, N; Kroos, BR; Moran, PR, 1986)	0.54
" Animals dosed by capsule consumed less feed than those administered manganese in the diet."	( Effect of quantity and route of administration of manganese monoxide on feed intake and serum manganese in ruminants. Ammerman, CB; Black, JR; Henry, PR, 1985)	0.76
"Renal lesions were produced in three out of 10 sheep dosed with large quantities of zinc for two to 14 weeks."	( Renal lesions and tissue concentrations of zinc, copper, iron and manganese in experimentally zinc intoxicated sheep. Allen, JG; Masters, HG, 1985)	0.51
" Procaine administered in a dosage (5 x 10(-3) W/V)which would suppress the contracture due to caffeine (10 mM), did not modify the tension developed during the hyperpolarization."	( Muscle contraction during hyperpolarizing currents in the crab. García, H; Uchitel, OD, 1974)	0.25
" Dose-response relationships revealed that more than half-maximal stimulation of guanylate cyclase activity was seen at a concentration as low as 10 nM and nonstimulation of guanylate cyclase activity was seen when the concentration was decreased to 1 nM."	( Human and rat growth hormones enhance guanylate cyclase activity. Vesely, DL, 1981)	0.26
" In trisomy 21, levels of Cu-SOD were raised, with no change in levels of Mn-SOD, supporting the theory of a gene dosage effect."	( Immunoreactive Cu-SOD and Mn-SOD in lymphocytes sub-populations from normal and trisomy 21 subjects according to age. Baeteman, MA; Baret, A; Courtière, A; Mattei, JF; Rebuffel, P, 1983)	0.27
" PE log dose-response curves were shifted to the right in a non-parallel manner by 1 mM Mn2+ such that responses to lower PE concentrations were more inhibited."	( Inhibition of alpha-receptor-induced Ca2+ release and Ca2+ influx by Mn2+ and La3+. Deth, R; Lynch, C, 1981)	0.26
"1-1 shifted the dose-response curve for this protection to the left."	( Cobalt, manganese and the calcium paradox. Daly, MJ; Nayler, WG; Perry, S, 1983)	0.7
" Thus a bell-shaped dose-response curve resulted for the inhibition of isoprenaline by Mn2+."	( Antagonism by manganese of isoprenaline dilatation of the guinea-pig isolated trachea. Jamieson, DD; le Coutier, A; Quinn, RJ, )	0.49
" All calves were dosed orally 48 h prior to sacrifice with 500 muCi of manganese-54."	( Effects of high but nontoxic dietary manganese and iron on their metabolism by calves. Blackmon, DM; Gentry, RP; Ho, SY; Miller, WJ; Neathery, MW, 1984)	0.77
" Dose-response curves for the relaxation of muscle to these drugs were all in parallel."	( Mechanisms of slow contracture induced by potassium and caffeine in skeletal muscle of the dog. Aoyama, T; Ono, H; Sato, T, 1984)	0.27
" The sheep were then divided into three equal groups and duodenally dosed with a mixture containing MnSO4, ZnSO4, 54Mn, 65Zn, and water (control), thiosalicylic acid (TSA), or hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA)."	( The effects of thiosalicylic and hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acids on the absorption and excretion of 54Mn and 65Zn in the duodenally dosed sheep. Hidiroglou, M; Ivan, M; Veira, DM, 1982)	0.26
" However, a few common drugs which could be used in high dosage or for longer duration in manganese intoxication without serious side effects, appear promising."	( Chelation in metal intoxication. XII. Antidotal efficacy of chelating agents on acute toxicity of manganese. Khandelwal, S; Tandon, SK, 1982)	0.7
" The sheep were then dosed with radioactive manganese and samples of rumen contents were taken via the rumen fistula at 1, 7, and 13 h after dosing."	( Distribution of radiomanganese in the rumen of sheep. Ivan, M, 1981)	0.84
"Mn accumulation, distribution, and disappearance were evaluated in selected tissues of preweanling rats dosed daily with particulate Mn3O4 for 12 or 27 d postpartum."	( Chronic ingestion of Mn3O4 by young rats: tissue accumulation, distribution, and depletion. Carter, SD; Hein, JF; Laskey, JW; Linko, RS; Rehnberg, GL, 1981)	0.26
" The wethers then were fistulated and killed 13 h after intraruminal dosing with manganese-54."	( Effect of dietary manganese on growth and manganese metabolism in sheep. Hidiroglou, M; Ivan, M, 1980)	0.82
"Mn accumulation was evaluated in selected tissues of preweanling rats dosed daily with particulate Mn3O4."	( Chronic manganese oxide administration to preweanling rats: manganese accumulation and distribution. Carter, SD; Hein, JF; Laskey, JW; Rehnberg, GL, 1980)	0.7
" The amplitude of the tonic contraction became larger when the external Ca concentration was raised, and the dose-response relationship shifted to the lower range of the external Ca concentration in the estrogen-treated uterus."	( Effects of estradiol-17 beta on the membrane response and K-contracture in the uterine longitudinal muscle of ovariectomized rats studied in combination with the Mn action. Kato, S; Ogasawara, T; Osa, T, 1980)	0.26
" An equation which describes a 1:1 interaction of the lanthanide with a putative binding site in the Ca2+ channel gave a good fit to dose-response curves for the inhibition of vasopressin-stimulated Ca2+ inflow by each lanthanide."	( Characterisation of the divalent cation channels of the hepatocyte plasma membrane receptor-activated Ca2+ inflow system using lanthanide ions. Barritt, GJ; Fernando, KC, 1995)	0.29
" Female albino rats were dosed orally with 357 micrograms Mn/kg body weight for 15 or 30 days."	( Reversibility of manganese-induced learning defect in rats. Oner, G; Sentürk, UK, 1995)	0.63
" The animals were dosed for 7 days with MMC 1 mg/kg/d and some were then kept without treatment for a further."	( Fluctuation of trace elements during methylmercury toxication and chelation therapy. Bapu, C; Purohit, RC; Sood, PP, 1994)	0.29
" Tissues were precontracted with carbachol or KCl, and relaxation dose-response curves to nifedipine, Mn2+, or Cd2+ were obtained."	( Expression of dihydropyridine resistance differs in porcine bronchial and tracheal smooth muscle. Croxton, TL; Fleming, C; Hirshman, CA, 1994)	0.29
" In addition, the p[NH]ppG dose-response curve of the forskolin-stimulated enzyme was biphasic, similar to that observed for other systems."	( Characterization of adenylyl cyclase in goldfish brain. Henley, JM; Kirkham, DM, 1993)	0.29
" In many transformed cell lines, including some with marked del(6q), there is no change in the dosage of the MnSOD gene and the enzyme is highly inducible by various pro-oxidant agents."	( Defective gene expression of MnSOD in cancer cells. Borrello, S; De Leo, ME; Galeotti, T, 1993)	0.29
"The major adenylyl cyclase activity (AC) of rabbit ocular ciliary processes was investigated by dose-response analysis with respect to interactions of its regulators [the stimulatory G-protein (alpha S) and forskolin] under both saturating and suboptimal divalent cation (M2+) conditions."	( Interactions between forskolin, GS, and divalent cations on ciliary process adenylyl cyclase and intraocular pressure in the rabbit eye. Mittag, TW; Tormay, A, 1993)	0.29
"Six trace elements were monitored in neural tissue homogenates from White Leghorn hens orally dosed with tri-o-tolyl phosphate (TOTP) or tri-m-tolyl phosphate (TMTP) (200 mg/kg)."	( Change in hen sciatic nerve calcium after a single oral dose of tri-o-tolyl phosphate. Luttrell, WE; Olajos, EJ; Pleban, PA, 1993)	0.29
"The polymorphism phenomenon causes an important problem in the preparation of many pharmaceutical dosage forms, including oral suspensions, tablets, creams and suppositories."	( Influence of the presence of trace amounts of metals on the polymorphism of tolbutamide. Barba, C; del Castillo, B; Martin, MA; Olives, AI, 1996)	0.29
" The prevalence of abnormally high PRL values was consistent with a dose-response relationship."	( Serum prolactin in subjects occupationally exposed to manganese. Alinovi, R; Bergamaschi, E; Franchini, I; Lucchini, R; Mutti, A; Vettori, MV, )	0.38
" The dose-response curve was biphasic with a first plateau approximately 10 microM and a second increase at concentrations higher than 100 microM."	( Presence of a metabotropic and an ionotropic purinergic receptor on rat submandibular ductal cells. Amsallem, H; Dehaye, JP; Elyamani, A; Métioui, M; Moran, A; VandenAbeele, A, 1996)	0.29
" administration of MnCl2 could account for the elective uptake of Mn in the striatum observed in repeated dosing experiments."	( Influence of the route of administration and the chemical form (MnCl2, MnO2) on the absorption and cerebral distribution of manganese in rats. Buchet, JP; Delos, M; Lauwerys, R; Lison, D; Meiers, G; Ortega, I; Roels, H, 1997)	0.5
" The failure to note a clinical response to antioxidant therapy may be due to factors dependent upon dosage of, or interaction between, the antioxidant compounds given, or on restricted bioavailability of the antioxidants at critical anatomical sites, and does not per se invalidate the model of acute porphyria as a hyperoxidative condition."	( Effects of administration of antioxidants in acute intermittent porphyria. Andersson, D; Floderus, Y; Harper, P; Henrichson, A; Lindh, U; Thunell, S, 1997)	0.3
"In rat liver and pig organs both compounds produced a positive dose-response in R1 and tissue Mn concentration, and only small or no response in R2."	( NMR relaxation studies with MnDPDP. Bjørnerud, A; Grant, D; Martinsen, I; Moen, OM; Refsum, H; Southon, TE; Spilling, B, 1997)	0.3
" Single cell Ca2+ assessment of the LH dose-response mechanism(s) revealed that higher concentrations of LH progressively recruit a larger number of responding individual granulosa cells."	( Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates both intracellular calcium ion ([Ca2+]i) mobilization and transmembrane cation influx in single ovarian (granulosa) cells: recruitment as a cellular mechanism of LH-[Ca2+]i dose response. Aguirre, C; Flores, JA; Sharma, OP; Veldhuis, JD, 1998)	0.3
" Further studies and further characterization of dose-response relationships are thus needed to provide successful implementation of evidence-based risk-assessment approaches."	( Environmental contamination and human exposure to manganese--contribution of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl in unleaded gasoline. Kennedy, G; Vyskocil, A; Zayed, J, 1999)	0.56
"The dosage dependency of the uptake of Mn from the olfactory epithelium via olfactory neurons into the brain was studied after intranasal administration of the metal in rats."	( Transport of manganese via the olfactory pathway in rats: dosage dependency of the uptake and subcellular distribution of the metal in the olfactory epithelium and the brain. Henriksson, J; Tallkvist, J; Tjälve, H, 1999)	0.67
" Occupational-exposure outcomes may not extrapolate to environmental exposures due to the healthy worker effect and differences in dosage parameters which may affect the biological response."	( Effects from environmental Mn exposures: a review of the evidence from non-occupational exposure studies. Hudnell, HK, )	0.13
" However, there is debate as to which manganese compounds should receive priority for testing, what route of administration should be used in this testing, what dosing regimens should be used, what species are appropriate for behavioral testing, and what behavioral tests should be selected."	( A brief history of the neurobehavioral toxicity of manganese: some unanswered questions. McMillan, DE, )	0.65
" The recommended daily IV dosage ranges from 100 to 800 MICROg."	( Hypermanganesemia in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. Craig, RM; Fitzgerald, K; McCarthey, R; Mikalunas, V; Rubin, H; Vanagunas, A, )	0.65
"5 mL saline), twice a week for 3 months, for a total dosage of 11."	( Maganese retention in rat brain. Knotková, J; Paduanová, Z; Svandová, E; Svihálková, J; Vojtísek, M, )	0.13
"09 L/h x kg) about 37-fold less than did those who were dosed with MnCl2."	( Comparative toxicokinetics of manganese chloride and methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Kim, H; Zhao, Q; Zheng, W, 2000)	0.6
" Six 363-kg heifers in two simultaneous 3 x 3 Latin squares were fed prairie hay and dosed once daily via ruminal cannulas with urea (45 or 90 g/d) and with Zn chloride to provide the equivalent of an additional 30 (the dietary requirement), 250, or 470 ppm of dietary Zn."	( Effects of supplemental zinc and manganese on ruminal fermentation, forage intake, and digestion by cattle fed prairie hay and urea. Arelovich, HM; Horn, GW; Owens, FN; Vizcarra, JA, 2000)	0.59
" While the persistence and Mn dose-response relationship of these neurobehavioral effects were not evaluated here, these results nonetheless suggest that chronic Mn exposure may increase the risk of neurobehavioral impairment in subpopulations that are in a pre-parkinsonism state."	( The neurobehavioral effects of subchronic manganese exposure in the presence and absence of pre-parkinsonism. Gwiazda, RH; Smith, DR; Witholt, R, )	0.4
" There was a dose-response relationship tendency between the cumulative exposure index and the behavioral function."	( [Changes of neurobehavioral functions in workers exposed to manganese]. Ma, Z; Pan, J; Zheng, Y; Zhou, X, 1999)	0.55
" A sub-chronic dosing regimen of low cumulative manganese exposure (4."	( Low cumulative manganese exposure affects striatal GABA but not dopamine. Gwiazda, RH; Lee, D; Sheridan, J; Smith, DR, 2002)	0.92
" It can be overcome by enlarging the linear range of the dose-response or by calibrating the dose-response curves using non-linear characteristic parameters in a dose response function, such as the composite action dose response function."	( Non-linearity of TL dose responses in MgSO4:Dy CO-doped with Mn, P and Cu. Luo, DL; Zhang, CX, 2002)	0.31
" The remaining 50% were cross-mated and dosing ceased."	( Effects of oral administration of manganese on the kidneys and urinary bladder of Sprague-Dawley rats. Henry-Sam, G; Iszard, M; Ponnapakkam, T, )	0.41
"An occupational risk assessment for manganese (Mn) was performed based on benchmark dose analysis of data from two epidemiological studies providing dose-response information regarding the potential neurological effects of exposure to airborne Mn below the current Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Level (PEL) of 5 mg Mn/m3."	( Determination of an occupational exposure guideline for manganese using the benchmark method. Calne, DB; Clewell, HJ; Crump, KS; Lawrence, GA, 2003)	0.84
" Such factors, especially the concentration of octanol-solubility trace element, could be the basis of the dosage to avoid trace element overload."	( Effect of digestive site acidity and compatibility on the species, lipopily and bioavailability of iron, manganese and zinc in Prunus persica Batsch and Carthamus tinctorus. Feng-ying, Z; Nan-sheng, D; Shun-xing, L, 2004)	0.54
" All these results strongly suggest that signal intensities in T1-weighted MRI reflect a target site dose in a biologically-based dose-response model."	( High signal intensities on T1-weighted MRI as a biomarker of exposure to manganese. Kim, Y, 2004)	0.56
" MnTMPyP administration for 14 days at a daily dosage of 5 mg/kg provided substantial protection against killing and oxidative damage in mice exposed to whole-body irradiation."	( A manganese porphyrin complex is a novel radiation protector. Lee, JH; Park, JW, 2004)	1.04
" It was found that both processes enhanced the degradation of nitrobenzene that can be hardly degraded by ozonation and had respective optimum dosage of H2O2 and Mn(II) under the experimental conditions."	( [Comparative study on O3/H2O2 and O3/Mn processes for removal of refractory organics in water]. Ma, J; Shi, FH, 2004)	0.32
" There were only small differences in myocardial R1 responses between the three doses investigated, which was contrasted by a marked dose-response in liver tissue."	( Relaxation enhancing properties of MnDPDP in human myocardium. Haraldseth, O; Jynge, P; Kristoffersen, A; Larsson, HB; Skjold, A; Vangberg, TR, 2004)	0.32
"Experience with dose response and mechanisms of toxicity has shown that multiple mechanisms may exist for a single agent along the continuum of the full dose-response curve."	( Dose-dependent transitions in mechanisms of toxicity: case studies. Andersen, ME; Bogdanffy, MS; Bus, JS; Cohen, SD; Conolly, RB; David, RM; Doerrer, NG; Dorman, DC; Gaylor, DW; Hattis, D; Rogers, JM; Setzer, RW; Slikker, W; Swenberg, JA; Wallace, K, 2004)	0.32
" This method is accurate and quick with less reagent dosage and broa linear range."	( [Studies on the determination of silicon and phosphorus in ferromanganese by ICP-AES]. Mo, QJ; Song, LH; Wang, XY, 2004)	0.56
" It is concluded that a knowledge of the level of octanol-soluble manganese in a phytomedicine could form the basis of dosage design in order to avoid manganese overload."	( Speciation analysis and the assessment of bioavailability of manganese in phytomedicines by extraction with octanol and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Cai, WL; Li, SX; Liu, XL; Zheng, FY, )	0.61
" The effect of preconcentration time, dosage of CCTS, temperature, sample volume and co-existing elements have been investigated."	( [Preconcentration with crosslinked chitosan for determination of trace manganese in waters by flame atomic absorption spectrometry]. Chen, H; Luo, XC; Wu, YQ; Xie, JS; Xue, AF, 2005)	0.56
" After adjustment for sociodemographic covariates, water Mn was associated with reduced Full-Scale, Performance, and Verbal raw scores, in a dose-response fashion; the low level of As in water had no effect."	( Water manganese exposure and children's intellectual function in Araihazar, Bangladesh. Ahsan, H; Cheng, Z; Factor-Litvak, P; Graziano, JH; Kline, J; Levy, D; Liu, X; LoIacono, NJ; Parvez, F; Slavkovich, V; van Geen, A; Wasserman, GA; Zheng, Y, 2006)	0.81
" Dose-response relations were considered for measures of manganese levels in air/dust (84% of studies reported), blood (MnB; 76% reported), urine (MnU; 52% reported), and hair samples (4% reported)."	( A meta-analysis of the neuropsychological effects of occupational exposure to manganese. Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J; Lees-Haley, PR; Rohling, ML, 2006)	0.81
" Unlike previous work with the C57BL/6 strain using smaller intraperitoneal doses, this study established dosing regimens that produced significant increases in basal ganglia manganese concentration reminiscent of brain increases in the CD-1 mouse following subcutaneous doses close to our lowest."	( Basal Ganglia accumulation and motor assessment following manganese chloride exposure in the C57BL/6 mouse. Dodd, CA; Klein, BG; Ward, DL, )	0.57
" The dose-response coefficient, K(dr) of sc-alanine dosimeters was stable in all investigated dose range from 1 to 23 kGy."	( Solid state "self-calibrated" EPR-dosimeters-advantageous and shortcomings. Fabisiak, S; Peimel-Stuglik, Z, 2006)	0.33
"The present findings showed that signal index on T1-weighted MRI showed a dose-response relationship with all the Mn-exposure variables."	( High signal intensity on magnetic resonance imaging as a predictor of neurobehavioral performance of workers exposed to manganese. Cheong, HK; Cho, S; Jin, YW; Kang, SK; Kim, E; Kim, KS; Kim, Y; Sakong, J; Shin, YC; Yang, JS, 2007)	0.55
" PI showed a significant dose-response relationship with cumulative exposure index (CEI) (r=0."	( Effect of occupational manganese exposure on the central nervous system of welders: 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and MRI findings. Cheong, HK; Choi, DS; Kang, DM; Kim, EA; Park, I; Ryoo, JW; Sakong, J, 2007)	0.65
"The Ca(2+) overload is involved in the neurotoxicity of manganese, and a dosage response relationship is found between the manganese chloride dose and Ca(2+) overload in cortical neurons."	( [Effect of manganese on cytosolic free calcium concentration in cortical neurons]. Chen, WP; Guo, SC; Kuang, XC; Lu, CL, 2006)	0.97
"0% of the recommended dosage (i."	( Foliar-applied glyphosate substantially reduced uptake and transport of iron and manganese in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants. Cakmak, I; Eker, S; Erenoglu, B; Ozturk, L; Romheld, V; Yazici, A, 2006)	0.56
" We also investigated dose-response relationships between quartiles of manganese exposure and sperm parameters."	( Ambient manganese exposure is negatively associated with human sperm motility and concentration. Daly, DC; Diamond, MP; Paneth, N; Potter, RC; Puscheck, E; Rossano, MG; Wirth, JJ, 2007)	1.01
" We saw a U-shaped dose-response pattern between quartiles of manganese exposure and all 3 sperm parameters."	( Ambient manganese exposure is negatively associated with human sperm motility and concentration. Daly, DC; Diamond, MP; Paneth, N; Potter, RC; Puscheck, E; Rossano, MG; Wirth, JJ, 2007)	1.01
" The authors can control the accuracy of preparation dosage and guarantee the quality of products by determining the trace elements."	( [Determination of trace elements in Mongolian medicine gardi-13 by ICP-AES with microware digestion]. Bao, YD; E, ED; Na, RG, 2006)	0.33
" On the basis of results it seems that high dosage of the diosmin-hesperidin mixture induces slight changes in the Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe content of the liver, however it may decrease the scavenger capacity and the activity of SOD when applied either alone or together with thioacetamide."	( Effects of citrus flavonoids on redox homeostasis of toxin-injured liver in rat. Blázovics, A; Fehér, E; Kurucz, T; Lugasi, A; Pallai, Z; Rapavi, E; Székely, E; Szentmihályi, K, 2006)	0.33
" The mean ES of dose-response relationships was zero."	( Neuropsychological correlates of manganese exposure: a meta-analysis. Greiffenstein, MF; Lees-Haley, PR, 2007)	0.62
" Here, a collection of subchronic to chronic rodent and nonhuman primate studies was evaluated to determine whether there is a consistent dose-response relationship among studies, whether there is a progression of effects with increasing dose, and whether these studies are adequate for evaluating the neurotoxicity of chronic low-level manganese exposures in humans."	( Adequacy and consistency of animal studies to evaluate the neurotoxicity of chronic low-level manganese exposure in humans. Gwiazda, R; Lucchini, R; Smith, D, 2007)	0.73
" However, in selected cases, depending on the effectiveness of the interventions, dosage reductions or discontinuation of medications may be possible."	( Natural approaches to epilepsy. Gaby, AR, 2007)	0.34
" Interestingly, Ba(2+) did shift the K(+) dose-response curve."	( Divalent cation interactions with Na,K-ATPase cytoplasmic cation sites: implications for the para-nitrophenyl phosphatase reaction mechanism. Arnett, KL; Gatto, C; Milanick, MA, 2007)	0.34
" The optimal dosing regimen for ZnAL42 was achieved at 17."	( Effect of oral gavage treatment with ZnAL42 and other metallo-ion formulations on influenza A H5N1 and H1N1 virus infections in mice. Bailey, K; Barnard, DL; Day, CW; Hall, TJ; Hickok, SS; Sidwell, RW; Wong, MH, 2007)	0.34
" The present study demonstrated a dose-response relationship between blood lead and hearing thresholds, after adjusting other potential confounders in multiple regressions."	( A case-control study on the relationship of hearing function and blood concentrations of lead, manganese, arsenic, and selenium. Chen, CJ; Chiu, YW; Chuang, HY; Ho, CK; Kuo, CH; Wu, TN, 2007)	0.56
" Test methods, obtained outcomes, and dose-response relationships were considered."	( Neuropsychological testing for the assessment of manganese neurotoxicity: a review and a proposal. Albini, E; Lucchini, R; Zoni, S, 2007)	0.59
"5-3g/l TiO2 was added, the effect of TiO2 dosage for RR2 decolorization was insignificant in the UV/TiO2/O3 system."	( Decolorization of C.I. Reactive Red 2 by catalytic ozonation processes. Chang, CL; Kuo, CY; Wu, CH, 2008)	0.35
" They found insufficient evidence to support the practice of dosing Mn from a Cu level or vice versa."	( Correlation of cholestasis with serum copper and whole-blood manganese levels in pediatric patients. Jackson, WD; MacKay, MW; McDonald, CM; McMillan, NB; Mulroy, C, )	0.37
"To summarize the role of the essential trace element, manganese, its potential toxicity, monitoring methods and dosage recommendations for nutrition support."	( Is manganese an essential supplement for parenteral nutrition? Gillanders, L; Hardy, G; Hardy, IJ, 2008)	1.22
" Current dosage guidelines and trace element formulations need revision."	( Is manganese an essential supplement for parenteral nutrition? Gillanders, L; Hardy, G; Hardy, IJ, 2008)	0.97
" The effects such as, pH, biosorbent dosage on the adsorption capacities of PNS were studied."	( Pecan nutshell as biosorbent to remove Cu(II), Mn(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. Brasil, JL; Cardoso, NF; da Cunha, BM; Dias, SL; Lima, EC; Royer, B; Vaghetti, JC, 2009)	0.35
" administered M40403 to decrease the duration and severity of oral mucositis was assessed after treatment at different doses and dosing schedules."	( Efficacy of superoxide dismutase mimetic M40403 in attenuating radiation-induced oral mucositis in hamsters. Fey, EG; Murphy, CK; Rothstein, D; Sonis, ST; Watkins, BA; Wong, V, 2008)	0.35
" Photoreactivity of doped zinc sulfide was varied with dopant, mole fraction of dopant to zinc ion, pH of solution, dosage of photocatalyst and concentration of dye."	( Nanoparticles of zinc sulfide doped with manganese, nickel and copper as nanophotocatalyst in the degradation of organic dyes. Keshavarz, MH; Norozi, A; Pouretedal, HR; Semnani, A, 2009)	0.62
"In light-adapted rats, intraretinal enhancements responded in a dose-response manner."	( Toward clinical application of manganese-enhanced MRI of retinal function. Berkowitz, BA; Jin, Y; Porchia, A; Roberts, R; Tofts, PS, 2010)	0.65
" Published dosage recommendations may be excessive and official guidelines require revision."	( Manganese in parenteral nutrition: who, when, and why should we supplement? Hardy, G, 2009)	1.8
" In the present work we have investigated the behavioral, electrophysiological and histopathological consequences of MnCl(2) administration at concentrations and dosage protocols regularly used in MEMRI."	( Behavioral, electrophysiological and histopathological consequences of systemic manganese administration in MEMRI. Canals, S; Eschenko, O; Logothetis, NK; Simanova, I, 2010)	0.59
" The first step of this study was to perform a dose-response curve in order to optimize the injection protocol."	( Myocardial infarction quantification with Manganese-Enhanced MRI (MEMRI) in mice using a 3T clinical scanner. Braunersreuther, V; Crowe, LA; Delattre, BM; Hyacinthe, JN; Mach, F; Vallée, JP, 2010)	0.62
"These results suggest a possible biphasic dose-response relationship between early-life manganese exposure at lower exposure levels and infant neurodevelopment."	( Early postnatal blood manganese levels and children's neurodevelopment. Amarasiriwardena, C; Bellinger, DC; Claus Henn, B; Ettinger, AS; Hernández-Avila, M; Hu, H; Lamadrid-Figueroa, H; Schnaas, L; Schwartz, J; Téllez-Rojo, MM; Wright, RO, 2010)	0.9
"All pulse-sequences showed a clear dose-response in liver-enhancement."	( Orally administered manganese with and without ascorbic acid as a liver-specific contrast agent and bowel marker for magnetic resonance imaging: phase I clinical trial assessing efficacy and safety. Golman, K; Höglund, P; Leander, P; Månsson, S, 2010)	0.68
"0, manganese minerals dosage = 20 g/L, room temperature (25 degrees C), dissolved oxygen (O2) = 50 L/h, and reaction time = 1 hour, the color and chemical oxygen demand removal percentages were up to approximately 94 and 51%, respectively."	( Photo-degradation of C.I. Disperse Blue 56 by UV irradiation combined with manganese minerals. An, SQ; Fu, J; Luo, Y; Sheng, S; Zeng, QF; Zhao, H; Zhu, HL, 2010)	1.21
" The results showed that a corn-soybean diet supplemented with the organic forms of Zn, Mn, and Cu at a dosage 50% to 75% lower than NRC recommendation is sufficient to maintain laying performance and can improve eggshell and albumen qualities of the egg in laying hens."	( Effect of diets supplemented with different levels of manganese, zinc, and copper from their organic or inorganic sources on egg production and quality characteristics in laying hens. Gheisari, AA; Gheisari, MM; Samie, A; Sanei, A; Toghyani, M, 2011)	0.62
" In this study, we investigated effects of different fractionated Mn2+ dosing schemes on vegetative, behavioural and endocrine markers, and MEMRI signal contrast in C57BL/6N mice."	( Fractionated manganese injections: effects on MRI contrast enhancement and physiological measures in C57BL/6 mice. Czisch, M; Grünecker, B; Kaltwasser, SF; Peterse, Y; Sämann, PG; Schmidt, MV; Wotjak, CT, 2010)	0.73
"A dose-response experiment was conducted to find the sensitive and consistent biomarker for the estimation of dietary manganese (Mn) requirement and establish the optimal Mn level for broilers fed a practical corn-soybean meal diet from 1 to 21 days of age post-hatching."	( An estimation of the manganese requirement for broilers from 1 to 21 days of age. Hao, S; Li, K; Li, S; Lin, Y; Lu, L; Luo, X; Wang, Z; Xi, L; Zhang, L, 2011)	0.9
" Moreover, on the basis of the results obtained in the present work, it is concluded that the present techniques are suitable for the routine determination of toxic metals concentration in various pharmaceutical dosage forms."	( Toxic metal contamination in Artemisia annua L. herbal preparations from different commercial sources in China. Tan, Y; Wang, Y; Wu, J; Xu, R, 2011)	0.37
" We also observed a positive monotonic dose-response relationship between WMn and TRF externalizing and TRF total scores among the participants of the study."	( Manganese exposure from drinking water and children's classroom behavior in Bangladesh. Ahmed, E; Factor-Litvak, P; Graziano, JH; Khan, K; Levy, D; Liu, X; Mey, J; Parvez, F; Slavkovich, V; van Geen, A; Wasserman, GA, 2011)	1.81
" So the dosage of manganese in AIM fMRI could be minimized by extending the stimulus."	( Effects of temporarily disrupting BBB on activity-induced manganese-dependent functional MRI. Chang, H; Fa, Z; Gao, D; Huang, F; Jiang, X; Li, P; Liu, Y; Wen, Z; Wu, Q; Yang, L; Zeng, Y; Zhang, J; Zhang, P; Zhang, R; Zhu, S, 2011)	0.95
" This study was designed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of PAS and its distribution in brain to help better design the dosing regimen for clinical trials."	( Brain regional pharmacokinetics of p-aminosalicylic acid and its N-acetylated metabolite: effectiveness in chelating brain manganese. Hong, L; Jiang, W; Jiang, Y; Pan, H; Zeng, S; Zheng, W, 2011)	0.58
" The proposed method can cover the whole therapeutic dosing concentration range in postoperation and long-term therapy (0."	( Turn-on room temperature phosphorescence assay of heparin with tunable sensitivity and detection window based on target-induced self-assembly of polyethyleneimine capped Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots. Wang, HF; Yan, H, 2011)	0.37
" Balance studies of trace element requirements should be performed to better establish clinical recommendations for optimal trace element dosing in the neonatal surgical population."	( Role of trace elements in parenteral nutrition support of the surgical neonate. Burjonrappa, SC; Miller, M, 2012)	0.38
" Monkeys and humans exposed to Mn develop similar neurological effects; thus, an improved understanding of the dose-response relationship seen in nonhuman primates could inform the human health risk assessment for this essential metal."	( Application of a multi-route physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for manganese to evaluate dose-dependent neurological effects in monkeys. Andersen, ME; Clewell, HJ; Dorman, DC; Nong, A; Schroeter, JD; Taylor, MD; Yoon, M, 2012)	0.61
" In practice, trace elements (TEs) seem to be frequently provided by prescribing an all-inclusive commercial multi-TE admixture with little dosage flexibility."	( Prescription of trace elements in adults on home parenteral nutrition: current practice based on the Canadian Home Parenteral Nutrition Registry. Abdalian, R; Allard, JP; Duerksen, D; Fernandes, G; Gramlich, L; Jeejeebhoy, KN; Whittaker, S, )	0.13
" DNA single strand break and DNA-protein crosslink showed time and dosage effect in lymphocytes of immune organs."	( Effects of manganese-toxicity on immune-related organs of cocks. Li, ZP; Liu, N; Liu, XF; Tie, F; Xu, SW; Zhang, ZW, 2013)	0.78
" The lack of dose-response relationships was related to features of the biomarker: it does not reflect the Mn in brain responsible for changes in performances."	( The neurobehavioral impact of manganese: results and challenges obtained by a meta-analysis of individual participant data. Bast-Pettersen, R; Blond, M; Bowler, R; Ellingsen, DG; He, S; Iregren, A; Knapp, G; Laursen, P; Lucchini, R; Mergler, D; Meyer-Baron, M; Netterstrom, B; Niu, Q; Schäper, M; Sjögren, B; Thomassen, Y; van Thriel, C; Wang, XL; Yang, YJ; Yuan, H; Zoni, S, 2013)	0.68
" The association between higher Mn concentrations and risk of NTDs showed a clear dose-response relationship."	( Placental concentrations of manganese and the risk of fetal neural tube defects. Jin, L; Li, Z; Liu, J; Ren, A; Wang, L; Ye, R; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y, 2013)	0.68
" We observed a trend of increasing dosage threshold prior to the onset of X-ray-induced damage with increasing rates of dose deposition."	( Kinetic modeling of the X-ray-induced damage to a metalloprotein. Davis, KM; Henning, RW; Kosheleva, I; Pushkar, Y; Seidler, GT, 2013)	0.39
"To explore the potential dose-response relationship between manganese (Mn) exposure and cognitive function and also plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in occupational Mn exposure workers."	( Cognitive function and plasma BDNF levels among manganese-exposed smelters. Chen, K; Chen, L; Huang, D; Li, Q; Liang, G; Liu, J; Lv, Y; Qing, L; Shen, Y; Yang, X; Yang, Y; Zeng, X; Zhang, W; Zhong, Y; Zou, Y, 2014)	0.9
" The objective of this study is to determine the optimal topical Mn(2+) loading dosage for MEMRI and to assess visual function after MnCl2 loading."	( Manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) via topical loading of Mn(2+) significantly impairs mouse visual acuity: a comparison with intravitreal injection. Chiang, CW; Lin, TH; Song, SK; Spees, WM; Sun, P; Trinkaus, K, 2014)	1.85
" The decolorization efficiency of MWs for methylene blue (MB) azo dye was examined as a function of pH, stirring time, MW dosage and initial concentration of the MB solution."	( Facile decolorization of methylene blue with flower-like manganese wads. Huang, C; Wei, B; Yang, A; Zhang, Z, 2014)	0.65
" Dose-response relationships between exposure indicators and biomarkers and health outcomes were analyzed with generalized (linear and logistic) additive models (GAM)."	( Neurofunctional dopaminergic impairment in elderly after lifetime exposure to manganese. Benedetti, C; Bontempi, E; Borgese, L; Donna, F; Fedrighi, C; Ferri, R; Guazzetti, S; Lucchini, RG; Marchetti, S; Micheletti, S; Peli, M; Smith, DR; Zoni, S, 2014)	0.63
" The calculation of the Benchmark Dose using this dose-response relationship yielded a lower level confidence interval of 22."	( Neurofunctional dopaminergic impairment in elderly after lifetime exposure to manganese. Benedetti, C; Bontempi, E; Borgese, L; Donna, F; Fedrighi, C; Ferri, R; Guazzetti, S; Lucchini, RG; Marchetti, S; Micheletti, S; Peli, M; Smith, DR; Zoni, S, 2014)	0.63
" The investigation's results are discussed using dose-response curves for the main alloying elements Fe and Mn."	( On the cytocompatibility of biodegradable Fe-based alloys. Gerber, I; Hänzi, AC; Schinhammer, M; Uggowitzer, PJ, 2013)	0.39
"5%, agitation speed 700 r/min, temperature 60°C, Mn2+ dosage 40 g/L, ozone volume flow 80 L/hr, initial sulfuric acid concentration 1 mol/L, and reaction time 6 hr."	( Pretreatment of cyanided tailings by catalytic ozonation with Mn2+/O3. Hussain, A; Ji, H; Li, D; Li, J; Li, Y; wang, J; Zhai, Y, 2015)	0.42
" The dose-response of the epibenthic amphipod Hyalella azteca to sediment total Cu changed over time, with older sediments being less toxic than freshly spiked sediments."	( Copper Sediment Toxicity and Partitioning during Oxidation in a Flow-Through Flume. Burton, GA; Costello, DM; Hammerschmidt, CR, 2015)	0.42
" The ammonia-nitrogen stripping rate increased with the dosage of CaO, the air flow rate and the temperature of EMR slurry."	( Simultaneous stripping recovery of ammonia-nitrogen and precipitation of manganese from electrolytic manganese residue by air under calcium oxide assist. Chen, H; Li, W; Liu, R; Shu, J, 2015)	0.65
" Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for response surface quadratic model revealed that the model was significant with dosage and agitation speed connoting the main significant process factors for the optimization."	( Optimization of Manganese Reduction in Biotreated POME onto 3A Molecular Sieve and Clinoptilolite Zeolites. Amosa, MK; Jami, MS; Rosli, NS, 2016)	0.78
" The higher dosage of DOX needed to kill the cancer cells will be released when the synthesized carriers are subject to the pH stimuli surrounding these cells."	( Synthesis of doxorubicin-PLGA loaded chitosan stabilized (Mn, Zn)Fe2O4 nanoparticles: Biological activity and pH-responsive drug release. Buatong, N; Maneeprakorn, W; Montha, W; Pon-On, W; Tang, IM, 2016)	0.43
" Results show that NaOCl dosing was effective in reducing the viability of algae, but precipitated little Mn."	( Pretreatment of algae-laden and manganese-containing waters by oxidation-assisted coagulation: Effects of oxidation on algal cell viability and manganese precipitation. Hua, LC; Huang, C; Lin, JL; Wu, Y, 2016)	0.72
"62), and there was evidence of a dose-response relationship for green and herbal tea."	( Is there a relationship between tea intake and maternal whole blood heavy metal concentrations? Arbuckle, TE; Colapinto, CK; Dubois, L; Fraser, W, 2016)	0.43
" There was a dose-dependent effect on accumulation of Mn in the cerebellum and brainstem to the dosage of 5mg/kg."	( Gender influence on manganese induced depression-like behavior and Mn and Fe deposition in different regions of CNS and excretory organs in intraperitoneally exposed rats. Barbosa Júnior, F; Gonçalves, MR; Guimarães, NC; Pandossio, JE; Santana, DF; Santos, VS; Souza, VC; Yamagata, AT, 2017)	0.78
" Specifically, we describe (i) the conduct of a systematic search of the literature on Mn toxicity to gather data appropriate for dose-response assessment; (ii) the establishment of inclusion/exclusion criteria for data to be included in the categorical regression modeling database; (iii) the development of a categorical severity scoring matrix for Mn health effects to permit the inclusion of diverse health outcomes in a single categorical regression analysis using the severity score as the outcome variable; and (iv) the convening of an international expert panel to both review the severity scoring matrix and assign severity scores to health outcomes observed in studies (including case reports, epidemiological investigations, and in vivo experimental studies) selected for inclusion in the categorical regression database."	( Severity scoring of manganese health effects for categorical regression. Aggett, PJ; Andersen, ME; Dorman, DC; Karyakina, NA; Krewski, D; Levy, L; Mattison, DR; McGough, D; Milton, B; Ramoju, S; Roels, HA; Shilnikova, N, 2017)	0.78
" This dual role underlies a growing body of literature demonstrating that Mn exhibits a biphasic dose-response relationship with neurocognitive outcomes."	( Manganese Exposure and Cognition Across the Lifespan: Contemporary Review and Argument for Biphasic Dose-Response Health Effects. Dietrich, KN; Haynes, EN; Vollet, K, 2016)	1.88
" Dosing schedule needs to be adjusted especially in cases of cholestatic hepatopathy."	( Trace Element Status (Zinc, Copper, Selenium, Iron, Manganese) in Patients with Long-Term Home Parenteral Nutrition. Dastych, M; Kohout, P; Maňák, J; Novák, F; Šenkyřík, M; Wohl, P, 2016)	0.68
" Bioleaching studies carried out under optimized conditions of 2% pulp density of Mn ore at pH 6, temperature 37 °C and carbon dosage (dextrose) resulted with 79% Mn recovery from the ore sample within 20 days."	( Bioleaching of manganese by Aspergillus sp. isolated from mining deposits. Das, AP; Ghosh, S; Mohanty, S; Nayak, S, 2017)	0.81
" Our analysis suggests uncertainty in quantifying dose-response associations for Mn from many of the occupational welding studies."	( Derivation of an occupational exposure level for manganese in welding fumes. Bailey, LA; Goodman, JE; Kerper, LE, 2018)	0.74
" The Austar Coal Mine in NSW, Australia, sought alternatives to their current lime dosing as the pre-treatment before the downstream reverse osmosis plant."	( The economic pre-treatment of coal mine drainage water with caustic and ozone. Addleman, S; Boyden, BH; Jeston, L; Nador, L, 2017)	0.46
" halleri at a weekly Zn and Cd dosage of 123 and 1 mg, respectively."	( How tapeworm infection and consumption of a Cd and Zn hyperaccumulating plant may affect Cu, Fe, and Mn concentrations in an animal-a plant consumer and tapeworm host. Jankovská, I; Langrová, I; Magdálek, J; Nechybová, S; Peřinková, P; Sloup, V; Száková, J, 2018)	0.48
" After adjusting for potential confounders, detectable As levels were associated with decrements in global and verbal executive functions and quantitative abilities; detectable Hg was associated with lower scores on the verbal function of posterior cortex in a dose-response manner, and non-linearly related to poorer motor function and gross motor skills; and Mn levels were associated with decrement in perceptual-performance skills in a dose-response manner but with better memory span and quantitative skills."	( Prenatal co-exposure to neurotoxic metals and neurodevelopment in preschool children: The Environment and Childhood (INMA) Project. Amaya, E; Andiarena, A; Aurrekoetxea, J; Bustamante, M; Ezama, E; Fernández, MF; Fernández-Tardón, G; Freire, C; Gil, F; Guxens, M; Llop, S; Murcia, M; Olea, N, 2018)	0.48
"In series of pharmacometrics research by determination of an optimum model of dosing is established that introduction of OKAGERM-4 in a dose of 96."	( STUDY OF PHARMACOMETRIC INDEXES OF DOSING REGIMEN OF ANTIHYPOXANT OKAGERM-4. Kravets, D; Litvinenko, D; Lukyanchuk, V, 2017)	0.46
" No information is available on dose-response effects of Mn on putrescine abundance and related polyamine metabolism."	( Putrescine as indicator of manganese neurotoxicity: Dose-response study in human SH-SY5Y cells. Chandler, JD; Fernandes, J; Go, YM; Jones, DP; Liu, KH; Uppal, K, 2018)	0.78
" Even though, both the processes are efficient for leachate treatment, the low catalyst dosage requirement in case of EF process justifies that it is more feasible than Fenton process."	( Stabilized landfill leachate treatment using heterogeneous Fenton and electro-Fenton processes. Gandhimathi, R; Nidheesh, PV; Ramesh, ST; Sruthi, T, 2018)	0.48
" Irrespective of the dosage of Mn in the turkey diet, Mn in the form of NP-Mn2O3 was found to reduce protein nitration more than Mn in the form of MnO."	( The effect of manganese nanoparticles on performance, redox reactions and epigenetic changes in turkey tissues. Jankowski, J; Kozłowski, K; Ognik, K; Stępniowska, A; Szlązak, R; Tutaj, K; Zduńczyk, Z, 2019)	0.87
" However, there is a lack of global consensus regarding trace elements provision and dosing in pediatric parenteral nutrition."	( Trace Element Provision in Parenteral Nutrition in Children: One Size Does Not Fit All. Bines, JE; McCallum, Z; Zemrani, B, 2018)	0.48
" The results indicated that there was a competitive interaction between As(III) and DBP removal, and 40 mg/kg of Mn(II) dosage and 20%-30% soil moisture content were recommended for optimal and simultaneous removal of As(III) and DBP."	( Simultaneous remediation of As(III) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in soil by a manganese-oxidizing bacterium and its mechanisms. Duo, J; He, Z; Li, Z; Pan, X; Wei, Z; Zhang, Q, 2019)	0.74
" When hyperthermia is not desired and control of the dosage is required, it is necessary to design a platform in which local heating on the nanoscale releases the therapeutic cargo without the bulk heating of the surrounding medium."	( Spatial, Temporal, and Dose Control of Drug Delivery using Noninvasive Magnetic Stimulation. Chen, W; Cheng, CA; Zink, JI, 2019)	0.51
" Influencing factors, such as dosage of coagulant and solution pH, were systematically investigated and included as the process optimization."	( Removal of active dyes by ultrafiltration membrane pre-deposited with a PSFM coagulant: Performance and mechanism. Chow, C; Liu, J; Liu, Y; Sand, W; Tang, L; Wei, Q; Xiao, F; Zou, Y, 2019)	0.51
" It indicates that partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), NaOL dosage and pH have a multiple effect on the removal efficiency of NaOL."	( Removal of sodium oleate from synthetic manganese leaching solution by coagulation-dissolved air flotation. Wang, S; Xue, J; Zhong, H, 2019)	0.78
" We observed evidence of a dose-response trend for Mn (P for trend<0."	( Trace Minerals, Heavy Metals, and Preeclampsia: Findings from the Boston Birth Cohort. Guallar, E; Hong, X; Liu, T; Mueller, NT; Wang, G; Wang, X; Zhang, M, 2019)	0.51
" Two dosing approaches were studied to simulate the two commercially viable forms of Fe(VI) production: Fe(VI) only, and Fe(VI) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH)."	( Preliminary Assessment of Ferrate Treatment of Metals in Acid Mine Drainage. Goodwill, JE; LaBar, J; Slovikosky, D; Strosnider, WHJ, 2019)	0.51
" Acidic to neutral pH conditions were more favorable for DCF adsorption, while increasing initial DCF concentration and adsorbent dosage resulted in higher DCF removal efficiencies for the three oxides."	( Optimization, isotherm, and kinetic studies of diclofenac removal from aqueous solutions by Fe-Mn binary oxide adsorbents. de Luna, MDG; Ensano, BMB; Ong, DC; Pingul-Ong, SMB; Rivera, KKP, 2019)	0.51
" Surface morphology, elemental composition, crystal structure and surface area of "salt-based biochars" were analyzed by SEM + EDS, XRD, FTIR and BET, and the effects of the dosage of absorbent and pH of solution on the adsorption process were explored."	( Modification of biochar with silicon by one-step sintering and understanding of adsorption mechanism on copper ions. Bao, Y; Cheng, W; Liu, J; Yang, X, 2020)	0.56
" In conclusion, chronic or single high dosage exposure to these heavy metals can potentially induce or contribute to thrombosis."	( Ultrastructural alterations of whole blood by copper, manganese and mercury metal mixtures using a chronic in vivo model of coagulation. Bester, MJ; Janse van Rensburg, M; Oberholzer, HM; van Rooy, MJ, 2020)	0.81
" We observed an inverse dose-response relationship between manganese and preeclampsia."	( Prospective Association Between Manganese in Early Pregnancy and the Risk of Preeclampsia. Cardenas, A; Hivert, MF; Liu, T; Mueller, NT; Oken, E; Rahman, ML; Rifas-Shiman, SL, 2020)	1.08
" We observed positive dose-response relationships between all eight urinary heavy metals and 8-iso-PGF2α, as well as negative association of urinary 8-iso-PGF2α with SDNN and total power (all P trend<0."	( Heavy metals exposure, lipid peroxidation and heart rate variability alteration: Association and mediation analyses in urban adults. Chen, W; Ma, J; Mu, G; Nie, X; Tan, Q; Wang, B; Wang, D; Zhang, X; Zhou, M, 2020)	0.56
" The effects of MnOOH dosage, PS dosage and initial pH on PCA degradation performance were studied."	( Activation of persulfate by MnOOH: Degradation of organic compounds by nonradical mechanism. Huang, R; Huang, S; Kuang, H; Xu, X; Zeng, X; Zhang, Y; Zhao, S; Zhou, S, 2021)	0.62
" We conducted the first growth experiment on Gossia using a multi-factorial dosing trial to assess Mn, cobalt (Co), and zinc (Zn) (hyper)accumulation patterns in selected Gossia species (G."	( Incidence of hyperaccumulation and tissue-level distribution of manganese, cobalt, and zinc in the genus Gossia (Myrtaceae). Abubakari, F; Brown, GK; Echevarria, G; Erskine, PD; Fernando, DR; Nkrumah, PN; van der Ent, A, 2021)	0.86
" The U-shaped dose-response relationship between urinary Mn and MetS (P non-linear = 0."	( Associations between blood and urinary manganese with metabolic syndrome and its components: Cross-sectional analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2016. Chen, CL; Feng, YQ; Huang, YQ; Liu, L; Lo, K; Yang, AM; Yang, JL, 2021)	0.89
" The human health risk related to Mn contamination was estimated by computing the average daily dosage (ADD) and hazard quotient (HQ) values for children and adults."	( Spatial distribution of manganese in groundwater and associated human health risk in the southern part of the Bengal Basin. Ahmed, KM; Mustafa, MG; Rahman, M; Siddique, MAM; Tushar, MAN; Zahid, A, 2021)	0.93
" The discharge power, initial concentration of DMF, initial pH of the solution, and dosage of Mn-AC affect the removal of DMF."	( Removal of N,N-dimethylformamide by dielectric barrier discharge plasma combine with manganese activated carbon. Jin, X; Li, C; Li, M; Mei, L; Sang, W; Zhan, C; Zhang, Q; Zhang, S, 2021)	0.85
" Logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were adopted to explore the non-linear dose-response relationships."	( Clinical relevance of environmental manganese exposure with liver stiffness and steatosis detected by transient elastography in adults. Chen, M; Liu, X; Shao, J; Shen, H, 2022)	1
"Neonatal PN without any added Mn provides close to the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN)-recommended Mn dosage of 1 mcg/kg/day."	( Sources of unintentional manganese delivery in neonatal parenteral nutrition. Katheria, A; Mercier, M; Sauberan, J, 2022)	1.02
" Ruminal solid digesta samples from times 0, 12, and 24 h after bolus dosing were exposed to dialysis against Tris-EDTA."	( Trace mineral source influences digestion, ruminal fermentation, and ruminal copper, zinc, and manganese distribution in steers fed a diet suitable for lactating dairy cows. Brandao, VLN; Engle, TE; Guimaraes, O; Spears, JW; Wagner, JJ, 2022)	0.94
" Subsequently, the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) issued dosage recommendations for PN, which are updated periodically."	( Advances in Trace Element Supplementation for Parenteral Nutrition. Boullata, JI; Huynh, E; Kaluza, K; Perks, P, 2022)	0.72
" The results revealed the longitudinal dose-response relationships of urinary metals with pulmonary function among healthy adults."	( The effects of metals and mixture exposure on lung function and the potential mediating effects of oxidative stress. Dong, B; Fang, B; Guo, L; Liu, J; Wang, M; Wang, N; Wang, Q; Xu, W; Yang, W; Zeng, H; Zhang, L, 2023)	0.91
"An important challenge for mankind today is to find a plant-based source of iodine, instead of table salt, which would provide the recommended daily dosage of iodine."	( Iodine biofortification of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants cultivated in three different soils. Dobosy, P; Endrédi, A; Rékási, M; Sandil, S; Takács, T; Vetési, V; Záray, G, 2022)	0.72
" Its tremendous resistance to the environment, ease of propagation, and incredibly low infectious dosage make it an attractive organism for biowarfare."	( Two phase feature-ranking for new soil dataset for Coxiella burnetii persistence and classification using machine learning models. Ahmad, F; Ghani Khan, MU; Rabbani, M; Shabbir, MZ; Tahir, A; Tipu, MY, 2023)	0.91
" Comparisons were made based on reported dose-response slopes (children vs."	( Comparative susceptibility of children and adults to neurological effects of inhaled manganese: A review of the published literature. Bateson, TF; Cote, I; Shaffer, RM; Wright, JM, 2023)	1.13
" Daytime central-pressures showed a similar dose-response relationship with bMn as daytime brachial-pressures."	( Association of blood manganese concentrations with 24-h based brachial and central blood pressure, and pulse-wave velocity. Banegas, JR; Carrasco-Rios, M; García-Esquinas, E; Graciani, A; Ortolá, R; Rodríguez-Artalejo, F; Sotos-Prieto, M, 2023)	1.23
" A weighted multivariable logistic model and restricted cubic spline model were applied to explore the association and dose-response relationship of blood Mn concentrations with depression risk in the total population and subgroups."	( Association between blood manganese levels and depressive symptoms among US adults: A nationally representative cross-sectional study. Feng, C; Gao, Q; Jiang, S; Niu, X; Sun, M; Ullah, H; Xu, Y; Zhou, X, 2023)	1.21
"Nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn) and antimony (Sb) were independently associated with mtDNAcn in a linear dose-response manner."	( Short-term exposure to multiple metals mixture and mitochondrial DNA copy number among children: A panel study. Guo, W; Lai, X; Li, M; Liu, M; Lv, S; Yang, H; Yang, L; Zhang, X, 2023)	1.28
" We additionally used spline analysis to explore the possible nonlinear dose-response associations."	( Heavy metals in drinking water and periodontitis: evidence from the national oral health survey from China. Deng, X; Feng, X; Fu, Y; Hu, D; Li, N; Li, W; Lin, H; Liu, X; Lu, H; Rong, W; Si, Y; Tai, B; Wan, J; Wang, B; Wang, C; Wang, W; Wang, X; Zhang, X; Zhang, Z; Zheng, S; Zhou, S, 2023)	0.91
" Restricted cubic splines were plotted to evaluate the dose-response relationship between dietary minerals intake and PE."	( The association between dietary mineral intake and the risk of preeclampsia in Chinese pregnant women: a matched case-control study. Cao, Y; Dou, W; Duan, D; Fu, W; Liu, Y; Lyu, Q; Ma, S; Wang, X; Zhao, X, 2023)	0.91
" Restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were used to characterize the dose-response relationship of manganese and each outcome."	( Associations of plasma manganese with adverse pregnancy outcomes: Nested case-control studies in a Chinese birth cohort. Chen, H; Li, Y; Ma, J; Xia, W; Xu, S; Yang, C; Yu, L; Zhang, W; Zheng, T, 2023)	1.44
" We used the restricted cubic splines method to investigate the dose-response relationship."	( Blood manganese and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a high manganese exposure area in China. Lan, Y; Liao, W; Wang, L; Wang, Y; Wu, L; Yu, Z; Zhang, G, 2023)	1.39
" We found that Mn exposure resulted in elevated serum TIM-3 expression and decreased complement C3 expression in workers; that serum TIM-3 and complement C3 expression showed a dose-response relationship with RBC Mn; and that the mediating effect of complement C3 between RBC Mn and TIM-3 was found to be significant."	( Changes in serum TIM-3 and complement C3 expression in workers due to Mn exposure. Deng, M; Deng, X; Guo, Y; Hao, C; He, J; Jin, X; Qi, Y; Si, H; Xia, J; Yao, W, 2023)	0.91

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Product	Brand	Category	Compounds Matched from Ingredients	Date Retrieved
Airborne Immune Support Vitamin C + 13 Vitamins Minerals & Herbs Citrus -- 200 Chewable Tablets	Airborne	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Vitamin A, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Airborne Immune Support Vitamin C + 13 Vitamins Minerals & Herbs Citrus -- 64 Chewable Tablets	Airborne	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Vitamin A, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Airborne Immune Support Vitamin C + 13 Vitamins Minerals & Herbs Citrus -- 96 Chewable Tablets	Airborne	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Vitamin A, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Airborne Immune Support Vitamin C + 13 Vitamins Minerals & Herbs Very Berry -- 10 Effervescent Tablets	Airborne	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, L-glutamine, Manganese, Vitamin A, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Airborne Immune Support Vitamin C + 13 Vitamins Minerals & Herbs Very Berry -- 32 Chewable Tablets	Airborne	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Vitamin A, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Airborne Immune Support Vitamin C + 13 Vitamins Minerals & Herbs Very Berry -- 64 Chewable Tablets	Airborne	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Manganese, Vitamin A, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Airborne Immune Support Vitamin C + 13 Vitamins Minerals & Herbs Very Berry -- 96 Chewable Tablets	Airborne	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Vitamin A, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Airborne Immune Support Vitamin C + 13 Vitamins Minerals & Herbs Zesty Orange -- 30 Effervescent Tablets	Airborne	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Airborne Immune Support Vitamin C + 9 Vitamins Minerals & Herbs Assorted Fruit -- 42 Gummies	Airborne	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Vitamin A, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Airborne Immune Support Vitamin C + 9 Vitamins Minerals & Herbs Assorted Fruit -- 63 Gummies	Airborne	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Vitamin A, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Airborne Immune Support Vitamin C + 9 Vitamins Minerals & Herbs Blueberry Pomegranate -- 63 Gummies	Airborne	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Vitamin A, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Airborne Immune Support Vitamin C + 9 Vitamins Minerals & Herbs Zesty Orange -- 63 Gummies	Airborne	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Vitamin A, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Airborne Immune Support Vitamin C + Zinc Elderberry -- 20 Effervescent Tablets	Airborne	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Vitamin A, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Airborne Kids Immune Support Vitamin C + 9 Vitamins Minerals & Herbs Assorted Fruit -- 42 Gummies	Airborne	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Vitamin A, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Airborne Kids Immune Support Vitamin C + 9 Vitamins Minerals & Herbs Assorted Fruit -- 63 Gummies	Airborne	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Vitamin A, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Allergy Research Group Multi-Vi-Min -- 150 Capsules	Allergy Research Group	Professional Supplements	Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Allergy Research Group Multi-Vi-Min without Copper & Iron -- 150 Vegetarian Capsules	Allergy Research Group	Professional Supplements	PABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Allergy Research Group MultiMin -- 120 Vegetarian Capsules	Allergy Research Group	Professional Supplements	Boron, Chromium, Glutamic Acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium, Vanadium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Grass Greens Blend Alkalize & Detox Simply Pure Powder -- 30 Servings	Amazing Grass	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Chlorophyll, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Grass Greens Blend Antioxidant Powder Sweet Berry -- 100 Servings	Amazing Grass	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Chlorophyll, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Grass Greens Blend Energy Powder Watermelon -- 30 Servings	Amazing Grass	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Chlorophyll, Folic Acid, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Grass Greens Blend Energy Powder Watermelon -- 60 Servings	Amazing Grass	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Chlorophyll, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Grass Greens Blend Superfood Original -- 15 Servings	Amazing Grass	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Chlorophyll, Folic Acid, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Grass Greens Blend Superfood Powder Berry -- 30 Servings	Amazing Grass	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Chlorophyll, Folic Acid, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Nutrition Amazing Formulas Daily Multivitamin -- 500 Tablets	Amazing Nutrition	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Nickel, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
American Health Ester-C Effervescent Plus Electrolytes Natural Orange -- 1000 mg - 21 Packets	American Health	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Chloride, Chromium, Folic Acid, Calcium Carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amy Myers MD The Myers Way Multivitamin -- 180 Capsules	Amy Myers MD	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, myo-Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Flex Joint Support -- 44 Packets	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, cetyl myristoleate, cetyl palmitate, Vitamin E, Methylsulfonylmethane, Vitamin E, Glucosamine, HCl, Manganese, cetyl oleate, Quercetin, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal PAK - The Ultimate Training Pack -- 30 Packs	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Carnitine, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Inositol, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lutein, Lycopene, Lysine, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Methionine, Niacin, Ornithine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Serine, L-Taurine, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal PAK - The Ultimate Training Pack -- 44 Packs	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Carnitine, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Inositol, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lutein, Lycopene, Lysine, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Methionine, Niacin, Ornithine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Serine, L-Taurine, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Pak Ultimate Foundation Powder Cherry Bomb -- 30 Servings	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, Vitamin C, Betaine Anhydrous, Biotin, dicalcium phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, L-Taurine, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Pak Ultimate Foundation Powder Fruit Punch -- 14.7 oz	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, Vitamin C, Betaine Anhydrous, Biotin, dicalcium phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, L-Taurine, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Pak Ultimate Foundation Powder Orange Crushed -- 14.5 oz	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, Vitamin C, Betaine Anhydrous, Biotin, dicalcium phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, L-Taurine, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Protein Plus RTD Creamy Milk Chocolate -- 4 Bottles	Atkins	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Protein Plus RTD Creamy Vanilla -- 4 Bottles	Atkins	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Protein Rich Shake Cafe Caramel -- 4 Shakes	Atkins	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Protein Rich Shake Creamy Caramel -- 4 Bottles Each / Pack of 4	Atkins	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins Protein-Rich Shake Dark Chocolate Royale -- 8 Shakes	Atkins	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins RTD Protein Shake Creamy Vanilla -- 8 Shakes	Atkins	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins RTD Protein-Rich Meal Shake Creamy Chocolate -- 16.9 fl oz Each / Pack of 4	Atkins	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins RTD Shake Creamy Root Beer Float -- 4 Shakes	Atkins	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins RTD Shake Milk Chocolate Delight -- 8 Shakes	Atkins	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins RTD Shake Mocha Latte -- 11 fl oz Each / Pack of 4	Atkins	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins RTD Shake Pumpkin Spice Latte -- 11 fl oz Each / Pack of 4	Atkins	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Atkins RTD Shake Strawberry -- 11 fl oz Each / Pack of 4	Atkins	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
BareOrganics Functional Single Serve Coffee Focus -- 10 K-Cups	BareOrganics	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Beverly International Super Pak -- 30 Packets	Beverly International	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Para-Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamic Acid, Pepsin, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biocare Dietary GLP-1 Beverage - Pack of 14 Chocolate -- 14 Packets	Biocare	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, L-Carnosine, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Leucine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biocare Dietary GLP-1 Beverage - Pack of 14 Chocolate Salted Caramel -- 14 Packets	Biocare	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, L-Carnosine, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Leucine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biocare Dietary GLP-1 Beverage - Pack of 14 Mixed Fruit -- 14 Packets	Biocare	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, L-Carnosine, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Leucine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biocare Dietary GLP-1 Beverage - Pack of 14 Strawberries & Cream -- 14 Packets	Biocare	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, L-Carnosine, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Leucine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
BIOptimizers Magnesium Breakthrough Capsules - Informed Sport Certified -- 50 Veggie Caps	BIOptimizers	Vitamins & Supplements	Manganese, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Blue Diamond Kosher Almond Breeze Almond Coconut Blend Unsweetened Vanilla -- 32 fl oz	Blue Diamond	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Riboflavin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition Maxi ONE® Whole Food-Based Multiple -- 90 Vegetable Capsules	Bluebonnet Nutrition	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5' phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine 5' phosphate, pyridoxine HCl, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, citrate, citrate, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition Multi One Single Daily Multiple -- 120 Vegetable Capsules	Bluebonnet Nutrition	Vitamins & Supplements	PABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition Multiminerals & Boron Iron-Free -- 180 Vegetable Capsules	Bluebonnet Nutrition	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, carbonate, Chromium, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium, citrate, citrate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
C2O Gluten Free Pure Coconut Water with Pulp -- 17.5 fl oz	C2O	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folic Acid, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
CeliAct Optimizing Nutrition for People with Celiac Disease -- 180 Tablets	CeliAct	Vitamins & Supplements	Lipase, Para Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamic Acid, Inositol, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Adult Multivitamin and Multimineral Supplement -- 60 Tablets	Centrum	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Men Multi-Vitamin Tablets -- 200 Tablets	Centrum	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Multivitamin for Men Multivitamin/Multimineral Supplement -- 120 Tablets	Centrum	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Multivitamin for Men Multivitamin/Multimineral Supplement -- 65 Tablets	Centrum	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Silver Adults 50 Plus Multivitamin Tablets -- 220 Tablets	Centrum	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Silver Men 50 Plus Multivitamin-Multimineral Tablets -- 200 Tablets	Centrum	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Silver Women 50 Plus Multivitamin-Multimineral Tablets -- 100 Tablets	Centrum	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Women MultiVitamin -- 65 Tablets	Centrum	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Women Multivitamin-Multimineral -- 200 Tablets	Centrum	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Centrum Women Multivitamin-Multimineral Tablets -- 120 Tablets	Centrum	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Dairy Free Smoothie Celery Apple Kiwi -- 6 Pouches	Cerebelly	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Dairy Free Smoothie Purple Carrot Blueberry -- 6 Pack	Cerebelly	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Dairy Free Smoothie Sweet Potato Peach -- 6 Pouches	Cerebelly	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Broccoli Pear -- 6 Pouches	Cerebelly	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Spinach Apple Sweet Potato -- 6 Pouches	Cerebelly	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees Sweet Potato Mango -- 6 Pouches	Cerebelly	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Baby Food Purees White Bean Pumpkin Apple -- 6 Pouches	Cerebelly	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Smart Toddler Snack Bars Apple Kale -- 5 Bars	Cerebelly	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Choline, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Smart Toddler Snack Bars Blueberry Banana Sweet Potato -- 5 Bars	Cerebelly	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Choline, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cerebelly Organic Smart Toddler Snack Bars Carrot Date -- 5 Bars	Cerebelly	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Choline, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Childlife Multi Vitamin and Mineral Natural Orange Mango -- 8 fl oz	Childlife	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Citracal Maximum Plus D3 -- 180 Caplets	Citracal	Vitamins & Supplements	Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Citracal Maximum Plus D3 Calcium Citrate -- 120 Coated Caplets	Citracal	Vitamins & Supplements	Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clif Bar Builders Plant-Based Protein Bars Cookies and Cream -- 12 Bars	Clif	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Teen Daily Multivitamin - Vitamins A B C D E K Zinc Biotin & Probiotics Vegan Supplement -- 60 Capsules	Codeage	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Astaxanthin, Biotin, Boron, Omega-3, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Teen Daily Multivitamin - Vitamins A B C D E K Zinc Biotin & Probiotics Vegan Supplement -- 60 Capsules Each / Pack of 2	Codeage	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Astaxanthin, Biotin, Boron, Omega-3, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Comforts Advantage Premium Milk-Based Infant Formula -- 34 oz	Comforts	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Niacin, Fat, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Comforts Gentle Premium Milk Based Infant Formula -- 33.2 oz	Comforts	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Niacin, Fat, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Comforts Infant Premium Milk Based Formula with Iron -- 34 oz	Comforts	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Niacin, Fat, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Comforts Pediatric Shake Chocolate -- 6 Shakes	Comforts	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Comforts Pediatric Shake Strawberry -- 6 Shakes	Comforts	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Comforts Pediatric Shake Vanilla -- 16 Shakes	Comforts	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Comforts Pediatric Shake Vanilla -- 6 Shakes	Comforts	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cosequin Joint Health Supplement Plus MSM for Dogs -- 60 Chewable Tablets	Cosequin	Pet Supplies	Methylsulfonylmethane, Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Bone Solid® -- 240 Capsules	Country Life	Vitamins & Supplements	alpha-ketoglutarate, Vitamin C, calcium ascorbate, Calcium Fructoborate, Chromium, Manganese, Phosphorus, citrate, citrate, tricalcium phosphate, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Chewable Adult Multi -- 60 Wafers	Country Life	Vitamins & Supplements	PABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, calcium ascorbate, calcium citrate, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5' phosphate, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxal 5' phosphate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Core Daily-1 for Men 50 + -- 60 Tablets	Country Life	Vitamins & Supplements	Lipase, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Betaine, Biotin, Calcium fructoborate, d-calcium pantothenate, Cellulase, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5' phosphate, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, inositol hexanicotinate, Inositol, Lactose, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, pantethine, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, pyridoxal 5' phosphate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, citrate, citrate, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Core Daily™ 1 for Women 50 Plus -- 60 Tablets	Country Life	Vitamins & Supplements	Lipase, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Betaine, Biotin, Calcium fructoborate, d-calcium pantothenate, Cellulase, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5' phosphate, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, inositol hexanicotinate, Inositol, Lactose, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, pantethine, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, pyridoxal 5' phosphate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, citrate, citrate, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Daily Total One™ Iron Free -- 60 Vegetarian Capsules	Country Life	Vitamins & Supplements	ascorbyl palmitate, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Betaine, Biotin, Boron, calcium ascorbate, calcium citrate, d-calcium pantothenate, di-calcium phosphate, Chromium, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5' phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, inositol hexanicotinate, Inositol, magnesium citrate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, pantethine, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, pyridoxal 5' phosphate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, retinyl palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Culturelle Bloating & Gas Defense -- 30 Vegetarian Capsules	Culturelle	Vitamins & Supplements	Cellulase, Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Daily Best™ Ultra Multivitamin -- 60 Capsules	DaVinci Laboratories	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Disc-Discovery® -- 180 Capsules	DaVinci Laboratories	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Vitamin D3, Pepsin, Manganese, Vitamin B6, Serine, Taurine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Multi-Mineral Complex with D3 -- 120 Capsules	DaVinci Laboratories	Professional Supplements	Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium, Vanadium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Poten-C® 500 -- 90 Capsules	DaVinci Laboratories	Professional Supplements	Orange, Vitamin C, Hesperidin, Manganese, Rutin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Spectra Man Multi -- 120 Tablets	DaVinci Laboratories	Professional Supplements	Lipase, Octacosanol, PABA, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, L-Cysteine, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Gamma Linolenic Acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Silicon, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Spectra™ Multivitamins for Adults -- 240 Tablets	DaVinci Laboratories	Professional Supplements	Lipase, Octacosanol, PABA, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, L-Cysteine, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Nickel, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Silicon, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Spectra™ Senior Multi -- 180 Tablets	DaVinci Laboratories	Professional Supplements	lipase, Octacosanol, PABA, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, L-Cysteine, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Gamma Linolenic Acid, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Silicon, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Spectra™ Woman -- 120 Tablets	DaVinci Laboratories	Professional Supplements	lipase, Octacosanol, PABA, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, L-Cysteine, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Gamma Linolenic Acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Nickel, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Silicon, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
DaVinci Laboratories Ultimate Prenatal Multi -- 150 Tablets	DaVinci Laboratories	Professional Supplements	lipase, Octacosanol, PABA, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, L-Cysteine, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Silicon, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness Designer Whey - Meal Replacement Protein Powder Milk Chocolate -- 1.72 lbs	Designer Wellness	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness Designer Whey - Meal Replacement Protein Powder Vanilla Bean -- 1.72 lbs	Designer Wellness	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designs for Sport Mito NRG Complex - NSF Certified for Sport -- 120 Vegetarian Capsules	Designs for Sport	Professional Supplements	Coenzyme Q10, Creatine, L-Carnitine, Malic Acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantethine, Vitamin B6, Trans-Resveratrol, Riboflavin, D-Ribose, Succinic Acid, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designs for Sport Multi + Phyto - NSF Certified for Sport -- 120 Vegetarian Capsules	Designs for Sport	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Benfotiamine, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Folate, Lycopene, Manganese, MK-7, MK-9, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Trans-Resveratrol, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designs for Sport Power Pack - NSF Certified for Sport -- 30 Packets	Designs for Sport	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Benfotiamine, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Folate, Lycopene, Manganese, MK-7, MK-9, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Trans-Resveratrol, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Deva Vegan Multivitamin & Mineral Supplement -- 90 Coated Tablets	Deva	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Beta Carotene, Betaine HCL, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Calcium Carbonate, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Rutin, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Deva Vegan Multivitamin & Mineral Tiny Tablets -- 90 Tablets	Deva	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Deva Vegan Multivitamin and Mineral Supplement Iron Free -- 90 Coated Tablets	Deva	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Beta Carotene, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Rutin, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Deva Vegan Prenatal One Daily Multivitamin and Mineral -- 90 Coated Tablets	Deva	Vitamins & Supplements	Chamomile, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Doctor In The Kitchen Flackers Multi Seed Plant Based Organic Crackers Cheeze Pleaze -- 4 oz	Doctor In The Kitchen	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Doctor In The Kitchen Flackers Multi Seed Plant Based Organic Crackers Spicy Chili Lime -- 4 oz	Doctor In The Kitchen	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Douglas Laboratories Ultra Preventive® Kids Natural Grape -- 60 Tablets	Douglas Laboratories	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, beta, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Douglas Laboratories Ultra Preventive® Kids Natural Orange -- 60 Tablets	Douglas Laboratories	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, beta, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dr. Botanical Health Organic Green Spirulina Powder -- 3.5 oz	Dr. Botanical Health	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Chlorophyll, Cysteine, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Niacin, Phosphorus, Proline, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dr. Mercola Bone Support With Strontium & Boron -- 60 Capsules	Dr. Mercola	Professional Supplements	Boron, Manganese, Strontium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dr. Mercola Kids Chewable Multivitamin Fruit -- 60 Tablets	Dr. Mercola	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Calcium Ascorbate, Calcium Citrate, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Folate, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dr. Mercola Whole Food Multivitamin Plus -- 240 Tablets	Dr. Mercola	Professional Supplements	PABA, Ascorbyl Palmitate, Vitamin C, Betaine, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Folate, Glutamic Acid, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Niacinamide, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Strontium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dr. Mercola Whole-Food Multivitamin for Women -- 240 Tablets	Dr. Mercola	Professional Supplements	PABA, Ascorbyl Palmitate, Vitamin C, Betaine, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Folate, Glutamic Acid, Hesperidin, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Strontium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Black Beans Dry -- 16 oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Millet Whole Grain Gluten Free -- 16 oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Sprouted Brown Rice Mochi -- 10.5 oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Niacin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eden Foods Organic Sweet Brown Rice Mochi -- 10.5 oz	Eden Foods	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Thiamin, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eidon Ionic Minerals Bone Support -- 18 fl oz	Eidon Ionic Minerals	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Manganese, Sulfur	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eidon Ionic Minerals Bone Support Liquid Concentrate -- 2 fl oz	Eidon Ionic Minerals	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Manganese, Sulfur	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eidon Ionic Minerals Multiple Mineral Liquid Concentrate -- 2 fl oz	Eidon Ionic Minerals	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Chromium, Iodine, Manganese, Selenium, Sulfur	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Kids Complete Nutrition Shake RTD Plant Powered 2+ Years Chocolate -- 4 Pack	Else	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Organic Plant-Powered Super Cereal 6+ Months Banana -- 7 oz	Else	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Organic Plant-Powered Super Cereal Baby 6+ Months Original -- 7 oz	Else	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Else Toddler Omega 3&6 Complete Nutrition Formula Plant-Based 12+ Months -- 22 oz	Else	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Emerald Cove Organic Toasted Shushi Nori -- 50 Sheets	Emerald Cove	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Emerald Labs CoEnzymated Complete plus 2-Daily Multi -- 60 Vegetable Capsules	Emerald Labs	Vitamins & Supplements	Lipase, Beta Carotene, Biotin, Boron, Cellulase, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, P-5-P, Pyridoxine HCl, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, R-5-P, Rutin, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Emerald Labs Complete Clinical Plus Multi -- 120 Vegetable Capsules	Emerald Labs	Vitamins & Supplements	Beta Carotene, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, CoQ10, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, P-5-P, Pyridoxine HCl, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, R-5-P, Rutin, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Emerald Labs Osteo Bone Health -- 180 Vegetable Capsules	Emerald Labs	Vitamins & Supplements	Lipase, Calcium Citrate, Cellulase, Vitamin D3, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Emerald Labs Prenatal 1-Daily Multi -- 30 Vegetable Capsules	Emerald Labs	Vitamins & Supplements	Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Rutin, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Emerald Labs Prenatal 1-Daily Multi -- 60 Vegetable Capsules	Emerald Labs	Vitamins & Supplements	Lipase, Beta Carotene, Biotin, Boron, cellulase, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Rutin, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Emergen-C Immune Plus Triple Action Immune Support Super Orange -- 30 Packets	Emergen-C	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, calcium pantothenate, monobasic calcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, Chromium, tribasic calcium phosphate, Folate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium carbonate, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, sodium bicarbonate, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Emergen-C Vitamin C Fizzy Drink Mix Pink Lemonade -- 1000 mg - 30 Packets	Emergen-C	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, calcium pantothenate, monobasic calcium phosphate, Chromium, tribasic calcium phosphate, Folate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, Riboflavin, sodium bicarbonate, Thiamin, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Raspberry -- 1000 mg - 30 Packets	Ener-C	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Multivitamin Drink Mix Lemon Lime -- 1000 mg - 30 Packets	Ener-C	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Multivitamin Drink Mix Orange -- 1000 mg - 30 Packets	Ener-C	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Beta Carotene, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Multivitamin Drink Mix Tangerine Grapefruit -- 1000 mg - 30 Packets	Ener-C	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Multivitamin Drink Mix Variety Pack -- 1000 mg - 30 Packets	Ener-C	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Multivitamin Drink Mix Sugar Free Mixed Berry -- 1000 mg - 30 Packets	Ener-C	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ener-C Vitamin C Multivitamin Drink Mix Sugar Free Orange -- 1000 mg - 30 Packets	Ener-C	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Clear Nutrition Drink Mixed Fruit -- 4 Pack	Ensure	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Complete Nutrition Shake Milk Chocolate -- 4 Shakes	Ensure	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Complete Nutrition Shake Vanilla -- 4 Shakes	Ensure	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Max Protein Nutrition Shake Cafe Mocha -- 11 fl oz	Ensure	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Max Protein Nutrition Shake French Vanilla -- 4 Shakes	Ensure	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Max Protein Nutrition Shake Milk Chocolate -- 11 fl oz	Ensure	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ensure Original Milk Chocolate Ready-to-Drink Nutrition Shakes -- Pack of 6	Ensure	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Equazen VitaSpectrum Powder Unflavored -- 5.04 oz	Equazen	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Trimethylglycine, Trimethylglycine, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, vitamin A acetate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition EV Electrolyte Powder Berry Splash -- 30 Servings	Evlution Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Chloride, Manganese, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Evlution Nutrition VitaMode -- 120 Tablets	Evlution Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, PABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Fitcode Fit Electrolytes - 30 Servings Mixed Berry -- 4.02 oz	Fitcode	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Chloride, Manganese, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Fitcode Fit Multi Complete Multivitamin Complex -- 90 Tablets	Fitcode	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Food For Life Organic Ezekiel 4:9 Sprouted Crunchy Cereal Golden Flax -- 16 oz	Food For Life	Food & Beverages	Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Food For Life Organic Ezekiel 4:9 Sprouted Crunchy Cereal Original -- 16 oz	Food For Life	Food & Beverages	Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Nutritional Yeast Flakes Non-GMO Unfortified -- 32 oz	Foods Alive	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Chromium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Nutritional Yeast Flakes Non-GMO Unfortified -- 6 oz	Foods Alive	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Chromium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Black Sesame Seeds Superfood -- 12 oz	Foods Alive	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Globe Trekker Trail Mix -- 8 oz	Foods Alive	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Jungle Peanuts - Heirloom -- 8 oz	Foods Alive	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Sprouted Crisps Lemonly Lemon -- 4 oz	Foods Alive	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Sprouted Crisps Original -- 4 oz	Foods Alive	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Sprouted Crisps Rosemary -- 4 oz	Foods Alive	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Superfoods Chia Protein Powder Raw -- 8 oz	Foods Alive	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Selenium, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Superfoods Hemp Protein Powder Raw -- 8 oz	Foods Alive	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Superfoods Maca Powder RAW -- 8 oz	Foods Alive	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	Vitamin C, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Foods Alive Organic Superfoods Toasted Hemp Seed with Sea Salt -- 14 oz	Foods Alive	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Force Factor Prostate -- 60 Softgels	Force Factor	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Force Factor Test X180 Multivitamin Daily Testosterone Booster + Male Vitality Enhancer -- 120 Tablets	Force Factor	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ForestLeaf Thyroid Support + Iodine L-Tyrosine & Ashwagandha -- 60 Vegetable Capsules	ForestLeaf	Vitamins & Supplements	Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Hair Skin & Nails -- 135 Tablets	Futurebiotics	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Hair Skin & Nails® for Men -- 135 Tablets	Futurebiotics	Vitamins & Supplements	para-Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Hair, Skin and Nails® -- 75 Tablets	Futurebiotics	Vitamins & Supplements	Para Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Betaine, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Methionine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Hi-Energy Multi For Men™ -- 120 Tablets	Futurebiotics	Vitamins & Supplements	Para Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Hi-Energy Multi For Men™ -- 60 Tablets	Futurebiotics	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics M.V. Teen™ Multi-Vitamin and Mineral Formula for Teens -- 180 Capsules	Futurebiotics	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics M.V. Teen™ Multivitamin -- 90 Capsules	Futurebiotics	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Pressur-Lo® -- 270 Tablets	Futurebiotics	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Betaine HCl, Chloride, Chromium, CoQ10, calcium carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, potassium chloride, Vitamin B6, Resveratrol, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, citrate, citrate, L-Taurine, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Pressur-Lo™ -- 90 Tablets	Futurebiotics	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Betaine HCl, Chloride, Chromium, CoQ10, calcium carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, potassium chloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, citrate, citrate, L-Taurine, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Mykind Organics Kids Multi Gummies Organic Cherry -- 120 Vegan Gummies	Garden of Life	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life RAW Organic Protein & Greens Real Raw Vanilla -- 19.3 oz	Garden of Life	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Chromium, Cystine, Folate, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin A, Selenium, Serine, Tyrosine, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life RAW Probiotics Women 50 and Wiser -- 85 billion - 90 Vegetarian Capsules	Garden of Life	Vitamins & Supplements	Chromium, Folate, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Sport Organic Plant-Based Protein - NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 19 Servings	Garden of Life	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Proline, Selenium, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Vitamin Code RAW One Multivitamin for Women -- 75 Vegetarian Capsules	Garden of Life	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Vitamin Code® 50 & Wiser Women Whole Food Multivitamin -- 120 Vegetarian Capsules	Garden of Life	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, CoQ10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Vitamin Code® 50 & Wiser Women Whole Food Multivitamin -- 240 Vegetarian Capsules	Garden of Life	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, CoQ10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Vitamin Code® 50 and Wiser Men -- 240 Vegetarian Capsules	Garden of Life	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lycopene, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Vitamin Code® RAW One™ Multivitamin for Men -- 75 Vegetarian Capsules	Garden of Life	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Glucerna Hunger Smart Shake Homemade Vanilla -- 6 Bottles	Glucerna	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Glycerin, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Glucerna Protein Smart Shakes Chocolate -- 4 Shakes	Glucerna	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Glucerna Protein Smart Shakes Vanilla -- 4 Shakes	Glucerna	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Glucerna Shake Rich Chocolate -- 8 fl oz	Glucerna	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Gnarly Nutrition Performance Greens - NSF Certified for Sport Blueberry Acai -- 12.8 oz	Gnarly Nutrition	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Gnarly Nutrition Vegan Protein - NSF Certified for Sport Chocolate -- 36.8 oz	Gnarly Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Gnarly Nutrition Vegan Protein - NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 36.8 oz	Gnarly Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Go Raw Organic Coconut & Sprouted Seed Clusters Dark Chocolate -- 3 oz	Go Raw	Food & Beverages	Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Go Raw Organic Coconut & Sprouted Seed Clusters Sweet & Salty -- 3 oz	Go Raw	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Go Raw Organic Sprouted Snacking Seeds Sea Salt & Vinegar -- 4 oz	Go Raw	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, Selenium, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Go Raw Organic Sprouted Sunflower Seeds Sea Salt -- 14 oz	Go Raw	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Go Raw Organic Sprouted Sunflower Seeds Sea Salt -- 4 oz	Go Raw	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Go Raw Organic Sprouted Super Simple Seeds -- 14 oz	Go Raw	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Go Raw Snacking Seeds Organic Chili Lime -- 4 oz	Go Raw	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Go Raw Snacking Seeds Organic Everything Bagel -- 4 oz	Go Raw	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Go Raw Snacking Seeds Organic Sea Salt & Pepper -- 4 oz	Go Raw	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Go Raw Snacking Seeds Organic Sweet & Salty Kettle -- 4 oz	Go Raw	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Goli Nutrition Kids Complete MultiVitamin Vegan -- 80 Gummies	Goli Nutrition	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Green Foods Organic and Raw Wheat Grass Shots -- 10.6 oz	Green Foods	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	Vitamin C, Chlorophyll, Folic Acid, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Green Foods Organic and Raw Wheat Grass Shots -- 5.3 oz	Green Foods	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	Vitamin C, Chlorophyll, Folic Acid, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Green Foods True Vitality Plant Protein Shake with DHA Vanilla -- 25.2 oz	Green Foods	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Silicon, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens First Boost Dutch Chocolate -- 10.5 oz	Greens First	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Magnesium Phosphate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Vitamin B5, Phosphorus, Potassium Phosphate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens First Boost French Vanilla -- 10.5 oz	Greens First	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Magnesium Phosphate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Vitamin B5, Phosphorus, Potassium Phosphate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens Plus Meal Replacement PlusShake™ Raw Chocolate -- 1.5 lbs	Greens Plus	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens Plus Original Superfood -- 240 Veggie Capsules	Greens Plus	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Infant Formula A2 Milk Powder 0-12 Months Stage 1 -- 22.9 oz	Happy Baby	Baby & Kids Products	ascorbyl palmitate, Vitamin C, beta-carotene, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, Chloride, cholecalciferol, Choline, cupric sulfate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, vitamin e, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Fat, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium chloride, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium citrate, Vitamin B1, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, phytonadione, Vitamin K, zinc sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Infant Formula Powder 0-12 Months Stage 1 -- 21 oz	Happy Baby	Baby & Kids Products	ascorbyl palmitate, dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, betacarotene, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, Chloride, cholecalciferol, Choline, cupric sulfate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Fat, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium citrate, sodium selenite, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamine, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K, zinc sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Infant Formula Powder 6-12 Months Stage 2 -- 21 oz	Happy Baby	Baby & Kids Products	ascorbyl palmitate, dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, betacarotene, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, Chloride, cholecalciferol, Choline, cupric sulfate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Fat, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium citrate, sodium selenite, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamine, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K, zinc sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Healright Daily Micronutrient Bar Caramel Apple Fig -- 2.19 oz	Healright	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-glutamine, glycerin, maltitol, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Healright Daily Micronutrient Bar Chocolate Cherry Pomegranate -- 14 Bars	Healright	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-glutamine, glycerin, Maltitol, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Healright Daily Micronutrient Bar Chocolate Cherry Pomegranate -- 2.19 oz	Healright	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-glutamine, glycerin, Maltitol, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Healright Daily Micronutrient Bar Lemon Blueberry -- 2.19 oz	Healright	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-glutamine, glycerin, Maltitol, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Healright Daily Micronutrient Bar Peanut Butter Banana -- 2.19 oz	Healright	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-glutamine, glycerin, Maltitol, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Healths Harmony Blood Sugar Capsules with Cinnamon Bitter Melon and Chromium -- 120 Capsules	Healths Harmony	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Manganese, Taurine, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vanadium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Healthy Pup Multi Max for Dogs -- 120 Soft Chews	Healthy Pup	Pet Supplies	citric acid, alpha-Linolenic Acid, Biotin, Calcium Ascorbate, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, Choline, citric acid, Cobalt, copper carbonate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, Vitamin E, glycerin, Iodine, Linoleic Acid, maltodextrin, Manganese, Niacin, Oleic Acid, d-Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Pyridoxine, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, sorbic acid, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Menadione, zinc sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Heaven Sent Wellgenix Balanced Essentials + Plus Liquid Vitamins Berry -- 32 fl oz	Heaven Sent	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Antimony, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Kelp, Barium, Beryllium, Biotin, Bismuth, Boron, Bromide, Omega 3, Cerium, Cesium, Chromium, citric acid, Cobalt, Cystine, Vitamin E, fructose, Dysprosium, Erbium, Europium, Fluoride, Folate, Gadolinium, Gallium, Vitamin E, Glycine, Gold, Hafnium, Histidine, Holmium, Inositol, Iodine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Lanthanum, Leucine, Calcium Carbonate, Lithium, Lutetium, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Molybdenum, Neodymium, Niacin, Nickel, Niobium, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Praseodymium, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Rhenium, Riboflavin, Rubidium, Samarium, Scandium, Selenium, Serine, Silicon, Silver, Strontium, Tantalum, Tellurium, Terbium, Thallium, Thiamin, Thorium, Threonine, Thulium, Tin, Titanium, Tryptophan, Tungsten, Tyrosine, Valine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Ytterbium, Yttrium, Zirconium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Honey Stinger Protein Bar Dark Chocolate Coconut Almond -- 15 Bars	Honey Stinger	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, Chloride, cholecalciferol, Chromium, copper gluconate, Vitamin E, ferric orthophosphate, Vitamin E, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Honey Stinger Protein Bar Milk Chocolate Peanut Butta -- 15 Bars	Honey Stinger	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	d,l-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, Chlorine, cholecalciferol, Chromium, copper gluconate, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Iodide, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin a palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Inholtra Premium Lubri-Joint -- 120 Liquid Softgels	Inholtra	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, glycerin, Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Innate Formulas One Daily Iron Free Multivitamin -- 90 Tablets	Innate	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Innate Response Formulas Baby & Me Multivitamin -- 120 Tablets	Innate	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Innate Response Formulas Baby & Me Multivitamin -- 60 Tablets	Innate	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Innate Response Formulas Men Over 40 One Daily Iron Free -- 60 Tablets	Innate	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Innate Response Formulas One Daily -- 90 Tablets	Innate	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Innate Response Formulas Women Over 40 One Daily -- 60 Tablets	Innate	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Irwin Naturals Living Green Liquid-Gel Multi For Men Economy Size -- 120 Softgels	Irwin Naturals	Vitamins & Supplements	L-5-Hydroxytryptophan, Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, glycerin, L-Isoleucine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Irwin Naturals Living Green Liquid-Gel Multi For Women -- 120 Liquid Softgels	Irwin Naturals	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, glycerin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Irwin Naturals Living Green Liquid-Gel Multi™ For Men -- 90 Liquid Softgels	Irwin Naturals	Vitamins & Supplements	L-5-Hydroxytryptophan, Vitamin C, Biotin, dicalcium phosphate, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Isoleucine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Irwin Naturals Longer, Stronger Hair and Nails -- 120 Liquid Softgels	Irwin Naturals	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, dextrin, glycerin, Lysine, Manganese, Proline, Citrus, titanium dioxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Irwin Naturals Vision Sharp® Multi-Nutrient Eye Health -- 42 Liquid Softgels	Irwin Naturals	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, glycerin, Lutein, Manganese, Vitamin A, Citrus, titanium dioxide, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jarrow Formulas BoneUp - Three Per Day -- 180 Capsules	Jarrow Formulas	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Boron, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jarrow Formulas BoneUp -- 1000 mg - 120 Capsules	Jarrow Formulas	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Boron, Vitamin D3, Microcrystalline cellulose, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jarrow Formulas BoneUp -- 1000 mg - 240 Capsules	Jarrow Formulas	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Boron, Vitamin D3, Microcrystalline cellulose, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jarrow Formulas BoneUp -- 1000 mg - 360 Capsules	Jarrow Formulas	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Boron, Vitamin D3, Microcrystalline cellulose, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jarrow Formulas Glucosamine + Chondroitin + MSM -- 240 Capsules	Jarrow Formulas	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Methylsulfonylmethane, microcrystallinecellulose, Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jasberry Organic Superfood Rice Non-GMO -- 15 oz	Jasberry	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jigsaw Health Electrolyte Supreme Berry-Licious -- 60 Servings	Jigsaw Health	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Chromium, citric acid, Erythritol, Iodine, Manganese, potassium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, potassium Iodide, Vitamin B6, Reb-A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jigsaw Health Electrolyte Supreme Jar Berry-Licious -- 60 Servings	Jigsaw Health	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Chromium, citric acid, Erythritol, Iodine, Manganese, potassium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, potassium Iodide, Vitamin B6, Reb-A, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jigsaw Health Electrolyte Supreme Jar Fruit Punch -- 60 Servings	Jigsaw Health	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Citric acid, Iodine, malic acid, Manganese, potassium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, Vitamin B6, Selenium, sodium bicarbonate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jigsaw Health Electrolyte Supreme Jar Lemon Lime -- 60 Servings	Jigsaw Health	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Chromium, citric acid, Erythritol, Iodine, malic acid, Manganese, potassium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, potassium Iodide, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jigsaw Health Electrolyte Supreme™ Bag Fruit Punch -- 60 Servings	Jigsaw Health	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Erythritol, Iodine, Manganese, potassium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, Vitamin B6, Selenium, sodium bicarbonate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jovial 100% Organic Einkorn All-Purpose Flour -- 32 oz	Jovial	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin A, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jovial 100% Organic Einkorn Traditional Pasta Fusilli -- 12 oz	Jovial	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jovial 100% Organic Einkorn Whole Wheat Flour -- 32 oz	Jovial	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jovial Organic Einkorn Fusilli Whole Wheat Pasta -- 12 oz	Jovial	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jovial Organic Einkorn Wheat Berries -- 1 lb	Jovial	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jovial Organic Einkorn Whole Wheat Pasta Linguine -- 12 oz	Jovial	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jovial Organic Einkorn Whole Wheat Pasta Penne Rigate -- 12 oz	Jovial	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jovial Organic Einkorn Whole Wheat Spaghetti Pasta -- 12 oz	Jovial	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged Mindset + Caffeine Nootropic Powder - Informed Sport Certified Orange Mango -- 4.13 oz	Kaged	Vitamins & Supplements	Citric acid, Antimony, Vitamin C, Barium, beta-carotene, Boron, Caffeine, Chromium, Citric acid, Cobalt, Iodine, Lanthanum, Lithium, malic acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Platinum, Vitamin B6, Rubidium, Silicon, Silver, Sulfur, sucralose, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zirconium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged Mindset Nootropic Powder Orange Mango -- 3.97 oz	Kaged	Vitamins & Supplements	Citric acid, Antimony, Vitamin C, Barium, beta-carotene, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Cobalt, Iodine, Lanthanum, Lithium, malic acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Neodymium, Niacin, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Platinum, Vitamin B6, Rubidium, Silicon, Silver, Sulfur, sucralose, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zirconium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged Plant Based Whole Food Multivitamin -- 60 Veggie Caps	Kaged	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, kelp, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KAL Bone Defense -- 90 Vegetarian Capsules	KAL	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Ipriflavone, Manganese, Selenium, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KAL Nutritional Yeast Flakes -- 12 oz	KAL	Food & Beverages	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cystine, Folate, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Molybdenum, niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KAL Trace Minerals -- 30 Tablets	KAL	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Cellulose, Chromium, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium, stearic acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B-12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Keto Wise Meal Replacement Shake Gold Chocolate Fudge Brownie -- 16.1 oz	Keto Wise	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, cholecalciferol, Chromium, copper gluconate, Erythritol, Folate, calcium carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine HCL, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, selenium methionine, thiamine HCL, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Keto Wise Meal Replacement Shake Gold Creamy Peanut Butter -- 16.1 oz	Keto Wise	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, cholecalciferol, Chromium, copper gluconate, Erythritol, Folate, calcium carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine HCL, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, selenium methionine, thiamine HCL, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Keto Wise Meal Replacement Shake Gold French Vanilla -- 16.1 oz	Keto Wise	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, cholecalciferol, Chromium, copper gluconate, Erythritol, Folate, calcium carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine HCL, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, selenium methionine, thiamine HCL, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Snack Bars Blueberry Vanilla & Cashew -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Snack Bars Caramel Almond & Sea Salt -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Snack Bars Dark Chocolate Almond Mint -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B2, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Snack Bars Dark Chocolate Mocha Almond -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Phosphorus, Vitamin B2, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Snack Bars Dark Chocolate Nuts & Sea Salt -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Phosphorus, Vitamin B2, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Snack Bars Honey Roasted Nuts & Sea Salt -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Snack Bars Madagascar Vanilla Almond -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Phosphorus, Vitamin B2, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Snack Bars Maple Glazed Pecan & Sea Salt -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Plant Protein Bars Crunchy Peanut Butter -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Vitamin B3, Phosphorus, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Plant Protein Bars Double Dark Chocolate Nut -- 12 Bars	KIND	Food & Beverages	Biotin, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Vitamin B3, Phosphorus, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Plant Protein Powder Chocolate -- 20.6 oz	KOS	Weight Management	lipase, cellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Plant Protein Powder Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 20.56 oz	KOS	Weight Management	lipase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Plant Protein Powder Vanilla -- 19.6 oz	KOS	Weight Management	lipase, cellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Plant Protein with Blue Spirulina & Immunity Blueberry Muffin -- 20.6 oz	KOS	Weight Management	lipase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Superfood Plant Protein Powder Chocolate -- 28 Servings	KOS	Weight Management	cellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, potassium iodide, Riboflavin, Selenium, DL-alpha tocopherol, cyanocobalamin, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Superfood Plant Protein Powder Vanilla -- 28 Servings	KOS	Weight Management	cellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, potassium iodide, Riboflavin, Selenium, DL-alpha tocopherol, cyanocobalamin, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Superfood Plant Protein Powder - 15 Servings Strawberries & Cream -- 20.1 oz	KOS	Weight Management	cellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, potassium iodide, Riboflavin, Selenium, DL-alpha tocopherol, cyanocobalamin, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Superfood Plant Protein Powder - 28 Servings Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 38.5 oz	KOS	Weight Management	cellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, potassium iodide, Riboflavin, Selenium, DL-alpha tocopherol, cyanocobalamin, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Superfood Plant Protein Powder - 28 Servings Salted Caramel Coffee -- 36.54 oz	KOS	Weight Management	lipase, cellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, potassium iodide, Riboflavin, Selenium, DL-alpha tocopherol, Vitamin B12, phylloquinone, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Superfood Plant Protein Powder - 28 Servings Strawberries & Cream -- 37.5 oz	KOS	Weight Management	cellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, potassium iodide, Riboflavin, Selenium, DL-alpha tocopherol, cyanocobalamin, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KOS Organic Superfood Plant Protein Powder - 28 Servings Unflavored -- 33.6 oz	KOS	Weight Management	cellulase, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, potassium iodide, Riboflavin, Selenium, DL-alpha tocopherol, cyanocobalamin, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Juice Not From Concentrate Organic Non-GMO Beet Ginger Turmeric -- 32 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folate, Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Juice Not From Concentrate Organic Non-GMO Pineapple Ginger -- 32 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folate, Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Juice Not From Concentrate Organic Non-GMO Pure Blueberry -- 32 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Juice Not From Concentrate Organic Non-GMO Pure Pineapple -- 32 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folate, Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Juice Not From Concentrate Organic Non-GMO Pure Tart Cherry -- 32 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Juice Not From Concentrate Organic Non-GMO Spicy Pineapple -- 32 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Manganese, Vitamin B6, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic Coconut Blend -- 32 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Manganese, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic Juice Blend Fresh Pressed Cranberry -- 32 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Iodine, Manganese, Pantothenic Acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic Juice Concentrate Tart Cherry -- 12.5 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic Non-GMO Juice Pineapple Cranberry -- 32 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Manganese, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic Pure Aloe Gel Fresh Pressed -- 32 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic Pure Aloe Juice Lemon -- 32 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic Pure Concord Grape Fresh Pressed Juice Concord Grape -- 32 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic Pure Fruit Juice Nectar Blend No Sugar Added Black Cherry -- 32 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Manganese, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic Pure Fruit Juice Nectar Blend No Sugar Added Pomegranate Blend -- 32 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Manganese, Vitamin B6, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic Pure Fruit Juice Nectar Blend No Sugar Added Tart Cherry Blend -- 32 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Manganese, Riboflavin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic Pure Juice Apple -- 32 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Manganese, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic Pure Juice Prune -- 32 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic Pure Juice Fresh Pressed Beet -- 32 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folate, Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic Pure Juice Fresh Pressed Carrot -- 32 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic Pure Juice Fresh Pressed Cranberry -- 32 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic Pure Juice Fresh Pressed Orange -- 12.5 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic Pure Juice Fresh Pressed Pomegranate -- 32 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Pantothenic Acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Organic Whole Leaf Aloe Lemon -- 32 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Premium Pure Fruit Juice Pressed Black Cherry -- 32 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lakewood Premium Pure Fruit Juice Pressed Cranberry -- 32 fl oz	Lakewood	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
LaneInnovative AdvaCAL® Ultra 1000 -- 120 Capsules	LaneInnovative	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Vitamin D3, citric acid, microcrystalline cellulose, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lean1 Nutrition 53 Fat Burning Meal Replacement Chocolate -- 2 lbs	Lean1	Weight Management	D-alpha-tocopherol acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, Chloride, vitamin D3, Chromium, copper gluconate, Vitamin E, beta glucans, ferrous fumarate, Folate, Vitamin E, L-glutamine, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, phytosterols, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium molybdate, sodium selenate, taurine, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, alpha lipoic acid, calcium phosphate, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lean1 Nutrition 53 Fat Burning Meal Replacement Vanilla -- 1.72 lbs	Lean1	Weight Management	Lipase, Vitamin C, Biotin, Chloride, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Iodine, Maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Potassium Chloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Taurine, Thiamin, Sucralose, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lean1 Nutrition 53 Original Fat Burning Protein Shake Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 2 lbs	Lean1	Weight Management	lipase, DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, cholecalciferol, Chromium, copper gluconate, Vitamin E, ferrous fumarate, Folate, Vitamin E, glutamine, Iodine, calcium carbonate, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium molybdate, sodium selenate, cane sugar, taurine, Thiamin, sucralose, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lean1 Nutrition 53 Plant-Based Fat Burning Protein Shake Vanilla -- 1.7 lbs	Lean1	Weight Management	Biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, Chromium, copper gluconate, ferrous fumarate, Folate, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium bicarbonate, sodium molybdate, sodium selenate, cane sugar, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, sucralose, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lean1 Plant-Based Fat Burning Protein Shake Powder Chocolate -- 31.7 oz	Lean1	Weight Management	Biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, Chromium, copper gluconate, ferrous fumarate, Folate, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium bicarbonate, sodium molybdate, sodium selenate, cane sugar, taurine, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, sucralose, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Life Extension Bone Restore with Vitamin K2 -- 120 Capsules	Life Extension	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, calcium fructoborate, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, maltodextrin, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Life Extension Two-Per-Day Capsules -- 120 Capsules	Life Extension	Vitamins & Supplements	D-alpha tocopheryl succinate, Apigenin, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5'-phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, gluconate, Inositol, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, pyridoxine HCl, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, beta, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Life Extension Two-Per-Day Tablets -- 120 Tablets	Life Extension	Vitamins & Supplements	D-alpha tocopheryl succinate, Apigenin, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, riboflavin 5'-phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, gluconate, glycerin, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamine, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, beta, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lifetime All One Rice Base Multiple Vitamin & Mineral Powder Unflavored -- 2.2 lbs	Lifetime	Vitamins & Supplements	Para Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Kelp, Beta Carotene, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Calcium Pantothenate, Dicalcium Phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Calcium Carbonate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Potassium Iodide, Vitamin B6, Retinol Acetate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lifetime Multiple Vitamin & Mineral Powder Unflavored -- 2.2 lbs	Lifetime	Vitamins & Supplements	Para Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Kelp, Biotin, Calcium Pantothenate, Dicalcium Phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Calcium Carbonate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lifetime Osteo Density Blend Raspberry Cream -- 16 fl oz	Lifetime	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Boron, Vitamin D3, citric acid, Manganese, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert Drink Mix EcoSport Hydration Blueberry Acai -- 24 Stick Packs	Lily of the Desert	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert Drink Mix EcoSport Hydration Lemon Lime -- 24 Stick Packs	Lily of the Desert	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert Drink Mix EcoSport Hydration Watermelon -- 24 Stick Packs	Lily of the Desert	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert EcoDrink Nutrient Support Caffeine Free Blueberry Pomegranate -- 24 Stick Packs	Lily of the Desert	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert EcoDrink Nutrient Support Caffeine Free Fruit Punch -- 24 Stick Packs	Lily of the Desert	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert EcoDrink Nutrient Support Caffeine Free Peach Mango -- 24 Stick Packs	Lily of the Desert	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lily of the Desert EcoDrink Nutrient Support Caffeine Free Strawberry Lemomade -- 24 Stick Packs	Lily of the Desert	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Liquid Health Calcium and Magnesium Juicy Orange & Vanilla -- 32 fl oz	Liquid Health	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Boron, Calcium citrate, Vitamin D3, citric acid, Magnesium citrate, Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Liquid Health Complete Multiple Natural Berry -- 32 fl oz	Liquid Health	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, d-calcium pantothenate, Choline, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, erythritol, Riboflavin 5 phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, malic acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin Vitamin B3, Pantothenic Acid, allulose, pyridoxal 5 phosphate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Liquid Health K9 Vegetarian Glucosamine -- 128 fl oz	Liquid Health	Pet Supplies	Ascorbic Acid, Boron, Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Liquid Health Naturals Joint Purr-Fection for Cats -- 2 fl oz	Liquid Health	Pet Supplies	citric acid, Ascorbic Acid, citric acid, Manganese, Taurine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Liquid Health Naturals Small Dog Joint Formula -- 2.03 fl oz	Liquid Health	Pet Supplies	citric acid, Ascorbic Acid, citric acid, Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Liquid Health Optimum Joint with Glucosamine & Chondroitin Melon Cherry -- 32 fl oz	Liquid Health	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Boron, citric acid, Manganese, rebaudioside A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Living Intentions Activated Sprouted Nuts Unsalted Almonds -- 16 oz	Living Intentions	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Vitamin A, Riboflavin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Living Intentions Activated Sprouted Seeds Salted Pumpkin Seeds -- 8 oz	Living Intentions	Food & Beverages	Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Living Intentions Activated Superfood Cereal Radiant Raspberry -- 9 oz	Living Intentions	Food & Beverages	Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Living Intentions Organic Activated Sprouted Trail Mix Spicy Mango -- 7 oz	Living Intentions	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Living Intentions Organic Activated Sprouted Trail Mix Wild Berry -- 7 oz	Living Intentions	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lotus Foods Heirloom Forbidden Black Rice® -- 15 oz	Lotus Foods	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lotus Foods Organic Forbidden Rice -- 15 oz	Lotus Foods	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lotus Foods Organic Jade Pearl Rice™ -- 15 oz	Lotus Foods	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorus, Vitamin A, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Hemp Hearts Shelled Hemp Seeds Natural -- 2 oz	Manitoba Harvest	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Hemp Hearts Shelled Hemp Seeds -- 1 lb	Manitoba Harvest	Food & Beverages	Folate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Hemp Hearts Shelled Hemp Seeds -- 5 lb	Manitoba Harvest	Food & Beverages	Folate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Hemp Hearts Shelled Hemp Seeds -- 8 oz	Manitoba Harvest	Food & Beverages	Folate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Instant Superseed Oatmeal Apple & Cinnamon -- 9 oz	Manitoba Harvest	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Instant Superseed Oatmeal Maple & Brown Sugar -- 9 oz	Manitoba Harvest	Food & Beverages	Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Organic Ground Hemp Seed -- 7 oz	Manitoba Harvest	Vitamins & Supplements	Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Organic Hemp + Chia & Flax -- 7 oz	Manitoba Harvest	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Organic Hemp Hearts Shelled Hemp Seeds -- 12 oz	Manitoba Harvest	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Organic Hemp Hearts Shelled Hemp Seeds -- 7 oz	Manitoba Harvest	Food & Beverages	Folate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Organic Hemp+ Matcha Powder -- 5.5 oz	Manitoba Harvest	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Organic Hemp+ Supergreens Powder -- 7.5 oz	Manitoba Harvest	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Folate, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mason Natural Glucosamine Chondroitin 1500-1200 3 Per day -- 280 Capsules	Mason Natural	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Manganese, stearic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mason Natural Immune Defense Powder Mixed Berry -- 14 Stick Packs	Mason Natural	Vitamins & Supplements	Citric acid, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, maltodextrin, Manganese, rebaudioside A, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mason Natural Immunity Plus Hydration Power -- 10 Effervescent Tablets	Mason Natural	Vitamins & Supplements	Citric acid, Vitamin C, Citric acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Manganese, rebaudioside a, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Baby & Me 2 Prenatal Multivitamin with Folate and Choline -- 120 Tablets	MegaFood	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Kids One Daily Multivitamin Bone Health Immune Support -- 60 Mini Tablets	MegaFood	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Women Over 55+ One Daily Multivitamin -- 120 Tablets	MegaFood	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Women Over 55+ One Daily Multivitamin -- 60 Tablets	MegaFood	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MegaFood Women Over 55+ One Daily Multivitamin -- 90 Tablets	MegaFood	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Momentous Essential Multivitamin - NSF Certified for Sport - 30 Servings -- 120 Vegetarian Capsules	Momentous	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Benfotiamine, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Folate, microcrystalline cellulose, Lycopene, Manganese, MK-7, MK-9, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantethine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Trans-Resveratrol, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Naturade Total Soy® Meal Replacement Strawberry Creme -- 17.88 oz	Naturade	Weight Management	d-alpha tocopheryl succinate, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Fructose, ferrous sulfate, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium chloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Naturade VeganSmart Protein & Greens Vanilla Crème -- 22.8 oz	Naturade	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Folate, GI, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Sugar, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Naturade VeganSmart™ All-In-One Nutritional Shake Chai -- 15 Servings	Naturade	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Folate, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Naturade VeganSmart™ All-In-One Nutritional Shake Chocolate -- 15 Servings	Naturade	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Folate, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Naturade VeganSmart™ All-In-One Nutritional Shake Vanilla -- 15 Servings	Naturade	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Folate, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Dog Company Multivitamin Supplements For Dogs -- 90 Soft Chews	Natural Dog Company	Pet Supplies	ascorbic acid, beta carotene, vitamin B7, Choline, Vitamin E, ferrous gluconate, Folic Acid, vitamin E, inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, potassium iodate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin A acetate, Vitamin A, vitamin B2, Selenium, vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, vitamin B6, vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nature Made Multi For Her -- 90 Tablets	Nature Made	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D 3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nature Made Multi For Her 50+ -- 90 Tablets	Nature Made	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutiva Organic Shelled Hemp Seeds -- 19 oz	Nutiva	Food & Beverages	Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio MultiSport for Men -- 120 Capsules	NutraBio	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio MultiSport for Women -- 120 Capsules	NutraBio	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutrex Hawaii Spirulina Pacifica® Spearmint -- 1000 mg - 180 Tablets	Nutrex Hawaii	Vitamins & Supplements	K2, Chlorophyll a, Gamma Linolenic Acid, Manganese, K2, Chlorophyll a, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutriBiotic Multi Vitamins & Minerals -- 180 Capsules	NutriBiotic	Vitamins & Supplements	Para Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Glucono delta lactone, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, calcium carbonate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, montmorillonite, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutriCology Multi-Vi-Min -- 150 Capsules	NutriCology	Vitamins & Supplements	5-Methyltetrahydrofolate, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, microcrystalline cellulose, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutriCology Ocudyne II -- 200 Capsules	NutriCology	Vitamins & Supplements	N-Acetyl L-Cysteine, Vitamin C, Boron, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Taurine, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olympian Labs Sea Nourishment Cran-Raspberry -- 32 fl oz	Olympian Labs	Vitamins & Supplements	Lipase, citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Barium, Beta Carotene, Bismuth, Boron, Bromine, Cadmium, Cellulase, Cesium, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Citrulline, Cobalt, Cysteine, Cystine, Vitamin E, fructose, Germanium, Vitamin E, Glutamine, Glycine, Gold, Histidine, Hydrogen, Indium, Iodine, Iridium, Lanthanum, Lithium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B, Nickel, Niobium, Ornithine, Osmium, Palladium, Phosphorus, Platinum, Proline, Rhodium, Rubidium, Selenium, Serine, Silver, Strontium, Sulfur, Taurine, Tellurium, Thallium, Tin, Titanium, Tungsten, CoQ7, CoQ8, CoQ9, Uranium, Vanadium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
OM Organic Master Blend Plant-Based Protein Creamy Chocolate -- 19.57 oz	OM	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Chloride, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
One Degree Organic Foods Gluten Free Sprouted Granola Vanilla Chia -- 11 oz	One Degree Organic Foods	Food & Beverages	vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, Thiamin, tocopherols	2024-11-29 10:47:42
One Degree Organic Foods Organic Sprouted Granola Cinnamon Flax -- 11 oz	One Degree Organic Foods	Food & Beverages	vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, Thiamin, tocopherols	2024-11-29 10:47:42
One Degree Organic Foods Organic Sprouted Oat Granola Honey Hemp -- 11 oz	One Degree Organic Foods	Food & Beverages	vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, Thiamin, tocopherols	2024-11-29 10:47:42
One Degree Organic Foods Organic Sprouted Oat Granola Quinoa Cacao -- 11 oz	One Degree Organic Foods	Food & Beverages	vitamin E, vitamin E, Manganese, Phosphorus, tocopherols	2024-11-29 10:47:42
One Degree Organic Foods Organic Sprouted Spelt Flour -- 32 oz	One Degree Organic Foods	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
One Degree Organic Foods Sprouted Brown Rice Cacao Crisps Cacao -- 10 oz	One Degree Organic Foods	Food & Beverages	vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, tocopherols, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
One Degree Organic Foods Sprouted Brown Rice Crisps Cereal -- 8 oz	One Degree Organic Foods	Food & Beverages	vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, tocopherols, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
One-A-Day Mens 50 Plus Complete Multivitamin -- 65 Tablets	One-A-Day	Vitamins & Supplements	dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, cholecalciferol, Chromium, copper sulfate, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Calcium carbonate, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium molybdate, sodium selenite, stearic acid, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, phylloquinone, Vitamin K, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
One-A-Day Proactive 65+ Multivitamin for Men & Women -- 150 Tablets	One-A-Day	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, Chromium, copper sulfate, Folate, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Calcium carbonate, maltodextrin, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A acetate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium selenite, stearic acid, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Opti-Men Multivitamin for Men -- 150 Tablets	Optimum Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, PABA, Alpha-Carotene, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Cryptoxanthin, L-Cystine, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, Lutein, Lycopene, L-Lysine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, L-Valine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Opti-Men Multivitamin for Men -- 240 Tablets	Optimum Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, PABA, Alpha-Carotene, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Cryptoxanthin, L-Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, L-Valine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Opti-Men Multivitamin for Men -- 90 Tablets	Optimum Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	PABA, Alpha-Carotene, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Cryptoxanthin, L-Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, glycerine, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, Lutein, Lycopene, L-Lysine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, stearic acid, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, L-Valine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Opti-Women Multivitamin for Women -- 120 Capsules	Optimum Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alpha-Carotene, Vitamin C, kelp, Biotin, Chromium, Cryptoxanthin, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Isoflavone, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, citrate, sodium selenate, citrate, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Opti-Women Multivitamin for Women -- 60 Capsules	Optimum Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alpha-Carotene, Vitamin C, kelp, Biotin, Chromium, Cryptoxanthin, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, potassium iodide, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, citrate, citrate, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Serious Mass Protein Powder Supplement Chocolate -- 16 Servings	Optimum Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	PABA, acesulfame potassium, acesulfame potassium, d-alpha tocopheryl succinate, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Biotin, calcium citrate, d-calcium pantothenate, di-calcium phosphate, cholecalciferol, Choline, Chromium, copper gluconate, Vitamin E, ferrous fumarate, folic acid, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Inositol, Iodine, Maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, selenomethionine, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Kids Nutritional Shake 22 Vitamins & Minerals Strawberry -- 12 Shakes	Orgain	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Kids Nutritional Shake 22 Vitamins & Minerals Vanilla -- 12 Shakes	Orgain	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Kids Vegan Nutritional Shake - 23 Vitamins & Minerals Chocolate -- 12 Shakes	Orgain	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Kids Vegan Nutritional Shake - 23 Vitamins & Minerals Vanilla -- 12 Shakes	Orgain	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Nutrition Vegan Protein Shake Plant Based Smooth Chocolate -- 12 Shakes	Orgain	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Organic Nutrition Vegan Protein Shake Plant Based Vanilla Bean -- 12 Shakes	Orgain	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Organic Traditions Fiber Fuel Smoothie Boost Original -- 10.6 oz	Organic Traditions	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Osteo Bi-Flex Triple Strength Glucosamine Chondroitin with Joint Shield -- 120 Coated Tablets	Osteo Bi-Flex	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, carb, cellulose, Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Osteo Bi-Flex Triple Strength Glucosamine Chondroitin with Joint Shield -- 40 Coated Tablets	Osteo Bi-Flex	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, cellulose, Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Outstanding Foods Cheese Balls Cheddar -- 3 oz	Outstanding Foods	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Iodine, lactic acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Phion pH Balance Alkaline Minerals -- 7.94 oz	Phion pH Balance	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin D3, Manganese, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Plum Organics Baby Food Puree 6+ Months Apple & Broccoli -- 4 Pouches	Plum Organics	Baby & Kids Products	Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Setton Farms Premium Pistachios Dry Roasted with Sea Salt -- 32 oz	Setton Farms	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Thiamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SFI Health VitaSpectrum -- 180 Vegetarian Capsules	SFI Health	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, beta-carotene, Biotin, Boron, cellulose, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SmartyPants Adult Mineral Complete Mixed Berry -- 60 Chewables	SmartyPants	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, glycerin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SmartyPants Kids Mineral Complete Mixed Berry -- 60 Chewables	SmartyPants	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Chromium, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Manganese, Molybdenum, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SmartyPants Teen Girl Multi & Omegas Gummies -- 120 Gummies	SmartyPants	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, L-methylfolate, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Vitamin B6, retinyl palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SmartyPants Teen Guy Multi & Omegas Gummies -- 120 Gummies	SmartyPants	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, L-methylfolate, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Vitamin B6, retinyl palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Solaray Manganese -- 50 mg - 100 VegCaps	Solaray	Vitamins & Supplements	Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Solaray Mega Multi Mineral Iron Free -- 200 Capsules	Solaray	Vitamins & Supplements	chamomile, kelp, Boron, Chromium, Iodine, Calcium Carbonate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorus, Potassium Chloride, Potassium Iodide, Potassium Phosphate, Selenium, Vanadium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Solaray Mega Multi Mineral™ -- 200 Capsules	Solaray	Vitamins & Supplements	Kelp, Boron, cellulose, Chromium, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorus, Potassium Chloride, Potassium Iodide, Potassium Phosphate, Selenium, Vanadium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Solaray Thyroid Caps -- 60 VegCaps	Solaray	Vitamins & Supplements	cellulose, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Solgar Formula VM-75® Iron-Free -- 180 Tablets	Solgar	Vitamins & Supplements	alpha carotene, Vitamin C, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, cryptoxanthin, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Hesperidin, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, calcium carbonate, lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, zeaxanthin, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Source Naturals Life Force™ Multiple No Iron -- 180 Capsules	Source Naturals	Vitamins & Supplements	N-Acetyl L-Cysteine, Vitamin C, Astaxanthin, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, DMAE, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, Niacin, Pantethine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Source Naturals Manganese -- 10 mg - 100 Tablets	Source Naturals	Vitamins & Supplements	Manganese, Sorbitol, stearic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sprout Organic Baby Food Smoothie 12+ Months Peach Banana Yogurt -- 6 Pouches	Sprout Organic Baby Food	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, Manganese, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SUKU Vitamins The Complete Prenatal Multi Pineapple & Peach -- 60 Pectin Gummies	SUKU Vitamins	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, L-5-Methyltetrahydrofolate, agar, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SunFood -Superfoods Cocao Superlatte -- 6 oz	SunFood	Vitamins & Supplements	Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SunFood Maca Powder Black -- 4 oz	SunFood	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	Manganese, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SunFood Organic Cacao Nibs -- 8 oz	SunFood	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Manganese, Vitamin A, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SunFood Organic Red Maca Powder -- 8 oz	SunFood	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	Vitamin C, Manganese, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SunFood Organic Turmeric Root Powder -- 4 oz	SunFood	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SunFood Raw Shilajit Powder -- 3.5 oz	SunFood	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Manganese, Vitamin A, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Beauty Greens Collagen Booster Pina Colada -- 10.58 oz	Sunwarrior	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Beauty Greens Collagen Booster Unflavored -- 10.6 oz	Sunwarrior	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Harvest Hemp Protein Powder Unflavored -- 26.4 oz	Sunwarrior	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Niacin, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Illumni8 Lean Meal Superfood Shake Chocolate -- 25.3 oz	Sunwarrior	Weight Management	orange, Vitamin C, Biotin, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SuperSeedz Gourmet Pumpkin Seeds Cinnamon & Sugar -- 5 oz	SuperSeedz	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Manganese, Phosphorus, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SuperSeedz Gourmet Pumpkin Seeds Sea Salt -- 5 oz	SuperSeedz	Food & Beverages	Manganese, Phosphorus	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SuperSeedz Gourmet Pumpkin Seeds Somewhat Spicy -- 5 oz	SuperSeedz	Food & Beverages	vinegar, basil, Manganese, Phosphorus, marjoram	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Swolverine Multivitamin -- 60 Capsules	Swolverine	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Terry Naturally Clinical Essentials Multi-Vitamin & Minerals -- 60 Tablets	Terry Naturally	Vitamins & Supplements	PABA, citric acid, Vitamin C, Benfotiamine, Biotin, Boron, calcium ascorbate, calcium fructoborate, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, glycerol monostearate, glycine, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Terry Naturally Healthy Ligaments & Tendons -- 60 Capsules	Terry Naturally	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, citric acid, maltodextrin, Manganese, mannitol, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Thompson All In One Multivitamin Iron Free -- 60 Capsules	Thompson	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, cellulose, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Thompson MSM -- 1000 mg - 120 Tablets	Thompson	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Cellulose, Manganese, stearic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Thompson Multi Formula for Women -- 60 Capsules	Thompson	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, cellulose, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Thompson Multi-Vitamin with Minerals -- 120 Tablets	Thompson	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Cellulose, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Thompson Nuplex Multivitamin Multimineral with Iron -- 90 Tablets	Thompson	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Cellulose, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, stearic acid, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Thorne Research Basic Nutrient 2-Day -- 60 Capsules	Thorne Research	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Calcium Pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, d-Gamma Tocopherol, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Thorne Research Basic Nutrients 2 Day - NSF Certified for Sport -- 60 Capsules	Thorne Research	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Calcium Pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, d-Gamma Tocopherol, Vitamin E, Iodine, Lutein, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Thorne Research Basic Prenatal -- 90 Capsules	Thorne Research	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research ConcenTrace® Mineral Drops, Flip Top Cap -- 4 fl oz	Trace Minerals Research	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Chloride, chromium, iodide, Lithium, manganese, molybdenum, phosphorus, selenium, silicon	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research ConcenTrace® Trace Mineral Drops -- 2 fl oz	Trace Minerals Research	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Chloride, chromium, iodine, Lithium, manganese, molybdenum, phosphorus, selenium, silicon	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Acai Berry -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Cherry Lime -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Cranberry -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, tartaric acid, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Grape -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Guava Passion Fruit -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, glycosides, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, steviol, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Lemon Lime -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Mixed Berry -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Orange Blast -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	orange, citric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Pineapple Coconut -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, sugar, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Pomegranate Blueberry -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Raspberry -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Tangerine -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak + Immunity Lemon Berry -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Vitamin D3, Chromium, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, vanilla, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Sugar Free Citrus -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Sugar Free Orange Mango -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	orange, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina PowerPak Watermelon -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, tartaric acid, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Liquid Multi Vitamin-Mineral Tropical Mixed Berry -- 30 fl oz	Trace Minerals Research	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Calcium Citrate, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Thiamine, Tricalcium Phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
True Grace Prenatal Multivitamin -- 120 Vegan Tablets	True Grace	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
True Grace Prenatal Multivitamin -- 60 Vegan Tablets	True Grace	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
TruRoots Organic Sprouted Green Lentils -- 10 oz	TruRoots	Food & Beverages	Folate, Manganese, Selenium, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
TruRoots Quinoa Organic Non GMO Sprouted Trio -- 11 oz	TruRoots	Food & Beverages	Folate, Manganese	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twinlab Daily One Caps For Women -- 60 Capsules	Twinlab	Vitamins & Supplements	Agnuside, Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, riboflavin-5'-phosphate, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twinlab Daily One Caps without Iron -- 180 Capsules	Twinlab	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ultima Replenisher Electrolyte Powder Cherry Pomegranate -- 90 Servings	Ultima Replenisher	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, beta-carotene, Chloride, Chromium, Citric acid, malic acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorus, rebaudioside A, Vitamin A, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ultima Replenisher Electrolyte Powder Grape -- 20 Packets	Ultima Replenisher	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, Chromium, Citric acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorus, Selenium, tartaric acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ultima Replenisher Electrolyte Powder Grape -- 30 Servings	Ultima Replenisher	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, Chromium, Citric acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorus, Selenium, tartaric acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ultima Replenisher Electrolyte Powder Lemonade -- 20 Packets	Ultima Replenisher	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, Chromium, Citric acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorus, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ultima Replenisher Electrolyte Powder Lemonade -- 30 Servings	Ultima Replenisher	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, Chromium, Citric acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorus, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ultima Replenisher Electrolyte Powder Lemonade -- 90 Servings	Ultima Replenisher	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, Chromium, Citric acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorus, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ultima Replenisher Electrolyte Powder Orange -- 20 Packets	Ultima Replenisher	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, beta-carotene, calcium ascorbate, calcium citrate, Chloride, Citric acid, magnesium citrate, Manganese, Phosphorus, potassium phosphate, rebaudioside-A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ultima Replenisher Electrolyte Powder Orange -- 30 Servings	Ultima Replenisher	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, beta-carotene, calcium ascorbate, calcium citrate, Chloride, Citric acid, magnesium citrate, Manganese, Phosphorus, potassium phosphate, rebaudioside-A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ultima Replenisher Electrolyte Powder Raspberry -- 20 Packets	Ultima Replenisher	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Malic acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorus, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ultima Replenisher Electrolyte Powder Raspberry -- 30 Servings	Ultima Replenisher	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, calcium ascorbate, calcium citrate, Chloride, citric acid, Magnesium citrate, malic acid, Manganese, Phosphorus, potassium phosphate, rebaudioside-A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ultima Replenisher Hydration Electrolyte Raspberry -- 90 Servings	Ultima Replenisher	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, calcium ascorbate, calcium citrate, calcium lactate, Chloride, citric acid, Magnesium citrate, malic acid, Manganese, Phosphorus, potassium phosphate, rebaudioside A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ultima Replenisher Hydration Electrolyte Canister Drink Mix Blue Raspberry -- 90 Servings	Ultima Replenisher	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, calcium ascorbate, calcium citrate, Chloride, citric acid, Magnesium citrate, malic acid, Manganese, Phosphorus, potassium phosphate, rebaudioside A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ultima Replenisher Hydration Electrolyte Canister Drink Mix Passionfruit -- 90 Servings	Ultima Replenisher	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, calcium ascorbate, calcium citrate, Chloride, citric acid, Magnesium citrate, malic acid, Manganese, Phosphorus, potassium phosphate, rebaudioside A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ultima Replenisher Hydration Electrolyte Canister Drink Mix Pink Lemonade -- 90 Servings	Ultima Replenisher	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Vitamin C, calcium ascorbate, calcium citrate, Chloride, Citric acid, magnesium citrate, Manganese, Phosphorus, potassium phosphate, rebaudioside A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ultima Replenisher Hydration Electrolyte Canister Drink Mix Watermelon -- 90 Servings	Ultima Replenisher	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, calcium ascorbate, calcium citrate, Chloride, citric acid, Magnesium citrate, malic acid, Manganese, Phosphorus, potassium phosphate, rebaudioside A	2024-11-29 10:47:42

Role	Description
micronutrient	Any nutrient required in small quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions.
Escherichia coli metabolite	Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
manganese group element atom
elemental manganese
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	9556 (38.20)	18.7374
1990's	3153 (12.60)	18.2507
2000's	4585 (18.33)	29.6817
2010's	5688 (22.74)	24.3611
2020's	2033 (8.13)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	163 (0.62%)	5.53%
Reviews	1,126 (4.30%)	6.00%
Case Studies	160 (0.61%)	4.05%
Observational	12 (0.05%)	0.25%
Other	24,713 (94.42%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Phase I, Two-arm, Open-label, Single-center, Dose-escalation Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Recommended Dose and Delivery Mode of the Pan-immunotherapy in Subjects With Unresectable/ Metastatic Solid Tumors or Lymphomas [NCT03991559]	Phase 1	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-11-01	Recruiting
A Phase I/II, Open-label, Single-center Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of the Pan-immunotherapy in Subjects With Local Advanced/Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer [NCT04004234]	Phase 1/Phase 2	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-03-01	Recruiting
A Phase 2a Open-Label Trial of the Effects of Intravenous GC4419 on the Incidence and Severity of Esophagitis in Subjects Receiving Chemoradiotherapy for Lung Cancer [NCT04225026]	Phase 2	39 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-12-19	Terminated(stopped due to Lack of study enrollment)
A Phase 1 Trial for Patients With Newly Diagnosed Anal Cancer Treated With Concurrent Radiation Therapy, 5FU, Mitomycin and BMX-001 [NCT03386500]	Phase 1/Phase 2	24 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-11-28	Recruiting
Prevalence and Determinants of Subclinical Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT03132129]		593 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2017-10-24	Recruiting
A Phase I/II, Open-label, One-arm, Single-center Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of the Pan-immunotherapy in Subjects With Local Advanced/Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer [NCT03989310]	Phase 1/Phase 2	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-03-01	Recruiting
An Adaptive Phase I/II Dose Escalation Trial of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Combination With Radiomodulating Agent GC4419 in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma [NCT03340974]	Phase 1/Phase 2	42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-02-12	Completed
ROMAN: Reduction in Oral Mucositis With Avasopasem Manganese (GC4419) - Phase 3 Trial in Patients Receiving Chemoradiotherapy for Locally-Advanced, Non-Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer [NCT03689712]	Phase 3	455 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-10-03	Completed
A Randomized, Single-blind, Trial of Tralement Versus a Fixed-dose Trace Element Combination Product of Zinc, Copper, and Selenious Acid to Evaluate Manganese Safety in Adult Patients Requiring Long-term Parenteral Nutrition [NCT05661682]	Phase 4	108 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-09-30	Not yet recruiting
Safety of Manganese Restriction in Neonatal Parenteral Nutrition [NCT04259008]	Phase 4	26 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-06-11	Completed
Exploratory Study to Determine Tissue Alterations of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Induced by Electromagnetic Waves of Low Energy Amplitude Modulated to Specific Frequencies During Imaging Study by MRI [NCT02692365]		20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-30	Completed
A Phase I/II, Open-label, Two-arm, Single-center Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of the Pan-immunotherapy in Subjects With Relapsed/Refractory Ovarian Cancer [NCT03989336]	Phase 1/Phase 2	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-06-20	Recruiting
A Randomized, Blinded, Placebo Controlled Phase 2 Trial of Concurrent Radiation Therapy and Cisplatin With and Without BMX-001 in Patients With Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer [NCT04607642]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-07-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to Will be conducted as a different study with different sponsorship)
Clinical Trial of Manganese-Enhanced MRI (MEMRI) to Assess Peri-Infarct Injury [NCT02933034]	Phase 1/Phase 2	33 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-30	Completed
[NCT01514942]	Phase 4	0 participants	Interventional		Completed
Chemotherapy (Paclitaxel and Carboplatin)and Thoracic Radiotherapy With Swallowed Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD) Plasmid Liposome Protection in Patients With Locally Advanced Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase I-II Study [NCT00618917]	Phase 1/Phase 2	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-11-11	Terminated(stopped due to MnSOD longer available during Phase II)
Efficacy of EVP 1001-1 (SeeMore) in the Assessment of Myocardial Viability in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease [NCT01989195]	Phase 1/Phase 2	6 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-05-31	Completed
Randomized Controlled Trial in South Africa Comparing the Efficacy of Complementary Food Products on Child Growth [NCT01845610]		750 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-09-30	Completed
A Phase 2 Trial for Patients With Newly Diagnosed High Grade Glioma Treated With Concurrent Radiation Therapy, Temozolomide, and BMX-001 [NCT02655601]	Phase 2	160 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-09-25	Active, not recruiting
A Phase I/II, Open-label Study to Evaluate the Abscopal Response and Safety of Manganese and Standard-of-care Radiotherapy/ SBRT in Subjects With Metastatic Solid Tumors or Lymphoma [NCT04873440]	Phase 1/Phase 2	10 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-05-06	Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial	Outcome
NCT00618917 (5) [back to overview]	Determination of Recommended Phase II Dose of MnSOD/Plasmid DNA
NCT00618917 (5) [back to overview]	Overall Survival (OS)
NCT00618917 (5) [back to overview]	Radiation-induced Esophageal Toxicity
NCT00618917 (5) [back to overview]	Time to Disease Progression
NCT00618917 (5) [back to overview]	Overall (Objective) Response
NCT01989195 (4) [back to overview]	COMPARISON OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION SIZE MEASUREMENTS USING INVESTIGATIONAL MANGANESE-ENHANCED MRI (MEMRI) OR DELAYED GADOLINIUM ENHANCED MRI (DEMRI)
NCT01989195 (4) [back to overview]	Heart Rate: SAFETY AND TOLERABILITY OF MANGANESE CONTRAST REAGENT
NCT01989195 (4) [back to overview]	SAFETY AND TOLERABILITY OF MANGANESE CONTRAST REAGENT
NCT01989195 (4) [back to overview]	Significant Cardiovascular Event
NCT02933034 (12) [back to overview]	Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
NCT02933034 (12) [back to overview]	Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
NCT02933034 (12) [back to overview]	Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
NCT02933034 (12) [back to overview]	Corrected QT (QTc)
NCT02933034 (12) [back to overview]	Creatinine
NCT02933034 (12) [back to overview]	Diastolic Blood Pressure
NCT02933034 (12) [back to overview]	Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)
NCT02933034 (12) [back to overview]	Heart Rate
NCT02933034 (12) [back to overview]	Infarct Size of MEMRI Versus DEMRI Scans
NCT02933034 (12) [back to overview]	QT Interval
NCT02933034 (12) [back to overview]	Systolic Blood Pressure
NCT02933034 (12) [back to overview]	Total Bilirubin
NCT03340974 (2) [back to overview]	CTCAE Grade 3 or 4 Gastro-intestinal (GI) Toxicities or Death Within 90 Days From the Start of Therapy
NCT03340974 (2) [back to overview]	Radiographic Stable Disease (SD) or Better Based on RECIST Criteria
NCT03689712 (1) [back to overview]	Cumulative Incidence of Severe Oral Mucositis
NCT04225026 (2) [back to overview]	Number of Subjects With of Acute Radiation Esophagitis (Defined as Grade >/= 2; NCI CTCAE Version 5) Through 4 Weeks After Completion of Chemoradiotherapy
NCT04225026 (2) [back to overview]	Number of Subjects With of Acute Radiation Esophagitis (Defined as Grade >/= 2; NCI CTCAE Version 5) Through the End of Chemoradiotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung (NSCLC) or Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) When Avasopasem Was Added.

Intervention	milligrams (Number)
Radiation + MnSOD PL + Paclitaxel + Carboplatin	30

Intervention	months (Median)
Radiation + MnSOD PL + Paclitaxel + Carboplatin	31

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Radiation + MnSOD PL + Paclitaxel + Carboplatin	0

Intervention	months (Median)
Radiation + MnSOD PL + Paclitaxel + Carboplatin	26

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Partial Response per RECIST	Stable Disease per RECIST	Progressive Disease per RECIST
MnSOD PL + Paclitaxel + Carboplatin	3	2	2

Intervention	percentage of infarct to Left Ventricle (Mean)
DEMRI CORONARY DISEASE SUBJECT	41
INVESTIGATIONAL MANGANESE-ENHANCED MRI (MEMRI)	18.25

Intervention	Heart Rate change in beats per minute (Mean)
CORONARY DISEASE SUBJECT	7.83

Intervention	Change in QRS Duration in milliseconds (Mean)
CORONARY DISEASE SUBJECT	10

Intervention	participants (Number)
CORONARY DISEASE SUBJECT	0

Intervention	U/L (Mean)
	Baseline	Post MRI
Coronary Disease Patients	37.8	35.1

Intervention	U/L (Mean)
	Baseline	Post MRI
Coronary Disease Patients	80.8	79.8

Intervention	U/L (Mean)
	Baseline	Post MRI
Coronary Disease Patients	26.1	25.4

Intervention	milliseconds (Mean)
	Baseline	Post MRI
Coronary Disease Patients	435.7	440.5

Intervention	mg/dL (Mean)
	Baseline	Post MRI
Coronary Disease Patients	1.04	1.10

Intervention	mmHg (Mean)
	Baseline	During MRI	Post MRI
Coronary Disease Patients	71.8	92.6	66.2

Intervention	mL/min/1.73m^2 (Mean)
	Pre MRI	Post MRI
Coronary Disease Patients	75.4	70.5

Intervention	beats per minute (Mean)
	Baseline	During MRI	Post MRI
Coronary Disease Patients	66.3	82.8	66.2

Intervention	percentage of left ventricle (Mean)
	MEMRI	DEMRI
Coronary Disease Patients	12.2	18.9

Intervention	milliseconds (Mean)
	Baseline	Post MRI
Coronary Disease Patients	414.7	412.6

Intervention	mmHg (Mean)
	Baseline	During MRI	Post MRI
Coronary Disease Patients	121.8	160.9	124.4

Intervention	mg/dL (Mean)
	Baseline	Post MRI
Coronary Disease Patients	0.58	0.65

Intervention	Events (Number)
	Deaths within 90 days from last dose of study treatment	Grade 3 or 4 Gastrointestinal Toxicities
GC4419 90 mg + 50 Gy	1	1
GC4419 90 mg +55 Gy	0	1
Placebo + 50 Gy SBRT	0	0
Placebo +55 Gy SBRT	0	1

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Stable Disease	Partial Response	Progressive Disease	Not Evaluated/Censored
GC4419 90 mg +50 Gy	12	4	0	2
GC4419 90mg +55 Gy	3	3	0	0
Placebo +50 Gy	5	1	0	0
Placebo +55 Gy	8	1	1	2

Intervention	percentage of patients (Number)
GC4419 (Avasopasem Manganese) 90mg	53.8
Placebo	64.0

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Condition Not Present	Grade 1	Grade 2	Grade 3	Grade 4	Grade 5
GC4419	19	4	10	1	0	0

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Condition Not Present	Grade 1	Grade 2	Grade 3	Grade 4	Grade 5
GC4419 (Avasopasem Manganese)	7	6	17	2	0	0

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
dinitrochlorobenzene Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.	2.37	2	0	C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes	allergen; epitope; sensitiser
ethylene dichloride ethylene dichloride: RN given refers to 1,2-isomer; structure given in first source. 1,2-dichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes substituted by two chloro groups at positions 1 and 2.	2.73	3	0	chloroethanes	hepatotoxic agent; mutagen; non-polar solvent
2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. dihydroxybenzoic acid : Any member of the class of hydroxybenzoic acids carrying two phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring and its derivatives.. 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It occurs naturally in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta.	1.99	1	0	dihydroxybenzoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
tartronic acid hydroxymalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.	2	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	plant metabolite
alpha-ketobutyric acid alpha-ketobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2-oxobutanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-oxo derivative of butanoic acid.	1.98	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; short-chain fatty acid
2-phosphoglycerate 2-phosphoglycerate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-phosphoglyceric acid : A monophosphoglyceric acid having the phospho group at the 2-position.	2.39	2	0	monophosphoglyceric acid; tetronic acid derivative
2,3-diphosphoglycerate 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate: A highly anionic organic phosphate which is present in human red blood cells at about the same molar ratio as hemoglobin. It binds to deoxyhemoglobin but not the oxygenated form, therefore diminishing the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. This is essential in enabling hemoglobin to unload oxygen in tissue capillaries. It is also an intermediate in the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.1). (From Stryer Biochemistry, 4th ed, p160; Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p508). 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid : A bisphosphoglyceric acid that is glyceric acid carrying two phospho substituents at positions 2 and 3.	3.23	6	0	bisphosphoglyceric acid; tetronic acid derivative	human metabolite
2-keto-4-methylvalerate alpha-ketoisocaproic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid.. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pentanoic acid (valeric acid) substituted with a keto group at C-2 and a methyl group at C-4. A metabolite that has been found to accumulate in maple syrup urine disease.	2.02	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; branched-chain keto acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite
protocatechuic acid protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.	7.05	1	0	catechols; dihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
3-hydroxyanthranilic acid 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid: An oxidation product of tryptophan metabolism. It may be a free radical scavenger and a carcinogen.. 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted at C-2 by an amine group and at C-3 by a hydroxy group. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of the amino acid tryptophan.. 3-hydroxyanthranilate : A hydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid.	2.88	4	0	aminobenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phosphoserine Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine.	3.93	13	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid; serine derivative	human metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	8.67	47	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring.	2.71	3	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; plant metabolite
aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.	2.92	4	0	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid	antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan 5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.	2.6	1	0	hydroxytryptophan	human metabolite; neurotransmitter
ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.	9.22	5	0	ethanediol; glycol	metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	9.2	17	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.	8.91	13	0	aldehyde	carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	4.87	36	0	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
acetyl phosphate acetyl dihydrogen phosphate : An acyl monophosphate in which the acyl group specified is acetyl.	2.36	2	0	acyl monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
adenine [no description available]	4.96	39	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
9-xylosyladenine 9-xylosyladenine: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure in first source	1.96	1	0	purine nucleoside
agmatine Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.	2.15	1	0	guanidines; primary amino compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
allantoic acid allantoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. allantoic acid : A member of the class of ureas that consists of acetic acid in which the two methyl hydrogens are replaced by carbamoylamino groups respectively.	4.03	4	0	ureas	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
allantoin [no description available]	4.77	10	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; ureas	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; vulnerary
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	10.7	167	0	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
arsenic acid arsenic acid: RN given refers to orthoarsenic acid(H3AsO4); see also sodium arsenate. arsenic acid : An arsenic oxoacid comprising one oxo group and three hydroxy groups attached to a central arsenic atom.	3.75	10	0	arsenic oxoacid	Escherichia coli metabolite
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	4.31	6	0	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
beta-alanine [no description available]	2.69	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter
benzaldehyde [no description available]	2.95	4	0	benzaldehydes	EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; fragrance; odorant receptor agonist; plant metabolite
benzene [no description available]	7.58	18	1	aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent
benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.	2.87	3	0	benzoic acids	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
benzyl alcohol Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.	7.69	3	0	benzyl alcohols	antioxidant; fragrance; metabolite; solvent
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.	2	1	0	amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative	fundamental metabolite
2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl: structure in first source. biphenyl-2,3-diol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is 1,1'-biphenyl substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3.	2.01	1	0	catechols; hydroxybiphenyls
bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.8	3	0	aryl phosphate
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	4.5	24	0	halide anion; monoatomic bromine
1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.	3.67	10	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
butyric acid Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.	2.17	1	0	fatty acid 4:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
cadaverine [no description available]	2.36	2	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
carbamates [no description available]	5.45	21	0	amino-acid anion
carbamic acid carbamic acid : A one-carbon compound that is ammonia in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a carboxy group. Although carbamic acid derivatives are common, carbamic acid itself has never been synthesised.	2.25	1	0	carbon oxoacid; one-carbon compound; organonitrogen compound	Escherichia coli metabolite
carbamyl phosphate Carbamyl Phosphate: The monoanhydride of carbamic acid with PHOSPHORIC ACID. It is an important intermediate metabolite and is synthesized enzymatically by CARBAMYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (AMMONIA) and CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (GLUTAMINE-HYDROLYZING).	2.64	3	0	acyl monophosphate; one-carbon compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	7.76	87	0	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.	10.15	14	0	monocarboxylic acid	antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent
carnitine [no description available]	3.47	2	0	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
catechol [no description available]	4.02	14	0	catechols	allelochemical; genotoxin; plant metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	6.7	70	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
chlordecone [no description available]	3.06	1	0	cyclic ketone; organochlorine compound	insecticide; persistent organic pollutant
choline [no description available]	6.53	64	0	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aconitic acid Aconitic Acid: A tricarboxylic acid with the formula (COOH)-CH2-C(COOH)=CH-COOH.. aconitic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is prop-1-ene substituted by carboxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 3.	2.35	2	0	tricarboxylic acid
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	5.35	56	0	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	19.09	740	5	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	9.7	30	0	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative	2.39	2	0	coumarins	fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite
2-cresol 2-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. o-cresol : A cresol that is phenol substituted by a methyl group at position 2. It is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene.	2.07	1	0	cresol	human xenobiotic metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	4.42	21	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
3-methylcatechol 3-methylbenzene-1,2-diol: structure in first source. dihydroxytoluene : Any hydroxytoluene that has two hydroxy substituents. 3-methylcatechol : A methylcatechol carrying a methyl substituent at position 3. It is a xenobiotic metabolite produced by some bacteria capable of degrading nitroaromatic compounds present in pesticide-contaminated soil samples.	2.01	1	0	methylcatechol	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
octane Octanes: Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. octane : A straight chain alkane composed of 8 carbon atoms.	2.41	1	0	alkane	xenobiotic
phloroglucinol Phloroglucinol: A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent.. phloroglucinol : A benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5.	2.91	4	0	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	algal metabolite
sym-homospermidine sym-homospermidine: analog of spermidine isolated from sandal leaves (Santalum album L.); structure. sym-homospermidine : A polyazaalkane comprising undecane with three aza groups placed at the 1-, 6- and 11-positions.	2.15	1	0	polyazaalkane; triamine
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	3.79	11	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
4-nitrophenylphosphate nitrophenylphosphate: RN given refers to mono(4-nitrophenyl) ester of phosphoric acid. 4-nitrophenyl phosphate : An aryl phosphate resulting from the mono-esterification of phosphoric acid with 4-nitrophenol.	4.24	18	0	aryl phosphate	mouse metabolite
octanoic acid octanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1764. octanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid.	2.05	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	antibacterial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
2-nitropropane 2-nitropropane: RN given refers to cpd with locant for nitro moiety in 2 position. 2-nitropropane : A secondary nitroalkane that is propane in which a hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a nitro group. Mainly used as a solvent (b.p. 120degreeC).	6.98	1	0	secondary nitroalkane	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent; xenobiotic
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	10.81	16	0	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
4-aminophenol 4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.	2.31	1	0	aminophenol	allergen; metabolite
3-chlorobenzoic acid [no description available]	1.97	1	0	monochlorobenzoic acid	drug metabolite
n(1)-methylnicotinamide N(1)-methylnicotinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinium ion comprising nicotinamide having a methyl group at the 1-position. It is a metabolite of nicotinamide which was initially considered to be biologically inactive but has emerged as an anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory agent.	2.07	1	0	pyridinium ion	algal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guaiacol Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.	3.38	7	0	guaiacols	disinfectant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; expectorant; plant metabolite
hippuric acid hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.	2.04	1	0	N-acylglycine	human blood serum metabolite; uremic toxin
2-keto-4-methylthiobutyric acid 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid derived from L-methionine via the action of methionine transaminase.	1.97	1	0	omega-(methylthio)-2-oxocarboxylic acid
phosphomevalonic acid phosphomevalonic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2	1	0	monoalkyl phosphate
methylmalonic acid Methylmalonic Acid: A malonic acid derivative which is a vital intermediate in the metabolism of fat and protein. Abnormalities in methylmalonic acid metabolism lead to methylmalonic aciduria. This metabolic disease is attributed to a block in the enzymatic conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA.. methylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.	1.96	1	0	C4-dicarboxylic acid	human metabolite
malic acid malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.	4.48	23	0	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
phosphoglycolate phosphoglycolate: RN given refers to parent acid. 2-phosphoglycolic acid : The O-phospho derivative of glycolic acid.	2.91	4	0	carboxyalkyl phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid consisting of cyclopropane having amino and carboxy substituents both at the 1-position.	2.38	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; monocarboxylic acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	ethylene releasers; plant metabolite
phosphonoacetic acid Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.. phosphonoacetic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.	3.08	5	0	monocarboxylic acid; phosphonic acids	antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.	9.02	14	0	catechols; dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	human metabolite
dibenzofuran Dibenzofurans: Compounds that include the structure of dibenzofuran.. dibenzofurans : Any organic heterotricyclic compound based on a dibenzofuran skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.. dibenzofuran : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a furan ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.	2.52	2	0	dibenzofurans; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	xenobiotic
fosmidomycin fosmidomycin: from Streptomyces lavendulae; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in second source. fosmidomycin : Propylphosphonic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a formyl(hydroxy)amino group. An antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lavendulae, it specifically inhibits DXP reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.267), a key enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis.	2.03	1	0	hydroxamic acid; phosphonic acids	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 1.1.1.267 (1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase) inhibitor
creatine [no description available]	10.07	14	0	glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical
cytosine [no description available]	3.49	8	0	aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	4.84	33	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
dihydrouracil hexahydropyrimidine-2,4-dione: structure in first source. 5,6-dihydrouracil : A pyrimidine obtained by formal addition of hydrogen across the 5,6-position of uracil.	2.1	1	0	pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
diacetyl butane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation.	3.06	5	0	alpha-diketone	Escherichia coli metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
diethyl phosphate diethyl phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. diethyl hydrogen phosphate : A dialkyl phosphate having ethyl as the alkyl group.	2.03	1	0	dialkyl phosphate	human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
dihydroxyacetone phosphate Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate: An important intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and in glycolysis.. dihydroxyacetone phosphate : A member of the class of glycerone phosphates that consists of glycerone bearing a single phospho substituent.	2.67	3	0	glycerone phosphates; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dihydroxyacetone [no description available]	1.97	1	0	ketotriose; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antifungal agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dimethylglycine dimethylglycine: metabolic product of calcium pangamate; mutagen when mixed with nitrite; RN given refers to parent cpd. N,N-dimethylglycine : An N-methylglycine that is glycine carrying two N-methyl substituents.	3.13	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; N-methyl-amino acid; N-methylglycines	Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	9.8	33	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
ethanolamine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	ethanolamines; primary alcohol; primary amine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	6.45	34	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
formamide formimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is formic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.. primary carboxamide : A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with ammonia; formula RC(=O)NH2.	2	1	0	carboximidic acid; formamides; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	solvent
3-phosphoglycerate 3-phosphoglycerate : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the acidic groups of 3-phosphoglyceric acid.	2.65	3	0	monophosphoglyceric acid; tetronic acid derivative	algal metabolite; fundamental metabolite
hexachlorocyclohexane Lindane: An organochlorine insecticide made up of greater than 99% gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane. It has been used as a pediculicide and scabicide, and shown to cause cancer.. beta-hexachlorocyclohexane : The beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane.	1.98	1	0	chlorocyclohexane
glycine [no description available]	5.85	96	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glyceraldehyde Glyceraldehyde: An aldotriose containing the propionaldehyde structure with hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It is involved in the formation of ADVANCED GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCTS.. glyceraldehyde : An aldotriose comprising propanal having hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It plays role in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), a deleterious accompaniment to ageing.. aldose : Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals.	2.35	2	0	aldotriose	fundamental metabolite
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	8.11	77	1	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
glycolic acid glycolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glycolic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.	2.13	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; primary alcohol	keratolytic drug; metabolite
glyoxylic acid glyoxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glyoxylic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid bearing an oxo group at the alpha carbon atom.	7.11	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; aldehydic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen Cyanide: Hydrogen cyanide (HCN); A toxic liquid or colorless gas. It is found in the smoke of various tobacco products and released by combustion of nitrogen-containing organic materials.. hydrogen cyanide : A one-carbon compound consisting of a methine group triple bonded to a nitrogen atom	4.03	4	0	hydracid; one-carbon compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; poison
hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.	6.94	96	0	carbon oxoanion	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histamine [no description available]	7.17	51	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
homogentisic acid Homogentisic Acid: Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid with hydroxyls at the 2 and 5 positions of the phenyl ring.. homogentisic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents at the 2- and 5-positions.	2	1	0	dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; hydroquinones	human metabolite; plant metabolite
thiocyanic acid thiocyanic acid : A hydracid that is cyanic acid in which the oxygen is replaced by a sulfur atom.	1.97	1	0	hydracid; one-carbon compound; organosulfur compound	Escherichia coli metabolite
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	9.01	128	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
hydroquinone [no description available]	8.97	13	0	benzenediol; hydroquinones	antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent
hydroxylamine amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.	9.47	23	0	hydroxylamines	algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; nitric oxide donor; nucleophilic reagent
imidazole imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.	4.23	17	0	imidazole
indoleacetic acid indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.	3.5	8	0	indole-3-acetic acids; monocarboxylic acid	auxin; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant hormone; plant metabolite
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	12.28	108	2	diatomic iodine	nutrient
itaconic acid itaconic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is methacrylic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a carboxylic acid group.	7.11	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid; olefinic compound	fungal metabolite; human metabolite
dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.	7.61	26	2	hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative	human metabolite
kynurenine Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.	7.86	4	0	aromatic ketone; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; substituted aniline	human metabolite
thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.	3.48	8	0	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid	fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
malonic acid malonic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.. dicarboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.	3.61	9	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	human metabolite
racemethionine Racemethionine: A preparation of METHIONINE that includes a mixture of D-methionine and L-methionine isomers.	3.99	1	1	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; sulfur-containing amino acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methylmercaptan methylmercaptan: intermediate in the manufacturing of jet fuels, pesticides, fungicides, plastics, synthesis of methionine; odor may cause nausea; narcotic in high concentrations; depresses urea biosynthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.03	1	0	alkanethiol	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyruvaldehyde Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.	2.71	3	0	2-oxo aldehyde; propanals	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	6.5	59	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phytic acid Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated.	12.96	27	1	inositol phosphate
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	7.62	47	1	cyclitol; hexol
melatonin [no description available]	4.53	7	0	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
croton oil [no description available]	2.34	2	0	N-acyl-hexosamine
naphthalene [no description available]	3.12	5	0	naphthalenes; ortho-fused bicyclic arene	apoptosis inhibitor; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	17.49	1,333	7	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	6.31	12	1	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.	9.89	8	1	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3	antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	8.93	158	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitric acid Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nitric acid : A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.	9.28	18	0	nitrogen oxoacid	protic solvent; reagent
nitroxyl nitroxyl: hydroxamic acid oxidized to nitroxyl free radical. nitroxyl : A nitrogen oxoacid consisting of an oxygen atom double-bonded to an NH group.	6.58	8	1	nitrogen oxoacid
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	5.97	35	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
nitrous oxide Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.	3.69	10	0	gas molecular entity; nitrogen oxide	analgesic; bacterial metabolite; food packaging gas; food propellant; general anaesthetic; greenhouse gas; inhalation anaesthetic; NMDA receptor antagonist; raising agent; refrigerant; vasodilator agent
hydroxide ion [no description available]	4.06	14	0	oxygen hydride	mouse metabolite
orotic acid Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.	5.49	22	0	pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
oxaloacetic acid Oxaloacetic Acid: A dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC ACID by ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE.. oxaloacetic acid : An oxodicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing a single oxo group.	3.07	5	0	C4-dicarboxylic acid; oxo dicarboxylic acid	geroprotector; metabolite
oxalic acid Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2.	4.41	21	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
oxamic acid Oxamic Acid: Amino-substituted glyoxylic acid derivative.. oxamic acid : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of oxalic acid with ammonia.	2.03	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoamide	Escherichia coli metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	3.48	8	0	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
4-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.	2.93	4	0	4-nitrophenols	human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
triphosphoric acid triphosphoric acid: used as water softener, peptizing agent, emulsifier & dispersing agent; ingredient of cleansers; meat preservative; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.48	8	0	acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	2.91	4	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
parathion [no description available]	2.35	2	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
pentachlorophenol PENTA: structure given in first source	9	4	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorophenol; organochlorine pesticide; pentachlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite
phenanthrene phenanthrene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.'	2.44	2	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon; phenanthrenes	environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite
phenol [no description available]	4.2	16	0	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenylpyruvic acid phenylpyruvic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. phenylpyruvate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from deprotonation of the carboxy group of either keto- or enol-phenylpyruvic acid.. keto-phenylpyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is 3-phenylpropanoic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 2. It is an intermediate metabolite in the phenylalanine pathway.	2.38	2	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	chromogenic compound; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
phenylacetaldehyde [no description available]	2.01	1	0	alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde; phenylacetaldehydes	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phenylacetic acid phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.	2.05	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid; phenylacetic acids	allergen; Aspergillus metabolite; auxin; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; toxin
phosphoric acid phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.	3.11	5	0	phosphoric acids	algal metabolite; fertilizer; human metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent
phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphoenolpyruvate: A monocarboxylic acid anion derived from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is a metabolic intermediate in GLYCOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; and other pathways.. phosphoenolpyruvate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resuting from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid.. phosphoenolpyruvic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid substituted by a phosphonooxy group at position 2. It is a metabolic intermediate in pathways like glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.	5.98	111	0	carboxyalkyl phosphate; monocarboxylic acid	fundamental metabolite
phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.	3.5	8	0	phosphocholines	allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phthalic acid phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.	2.82	2	0	benzenedicarboxylic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite
picolinic acid picolinic acid: iron-chelating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; may interfere with iron-dependent production of stable free organic radical which is essential for ribonucleotide reductase formation of deoxyribonucleotides; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7206. picolinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan.	2.94	4	0	pyridinemonocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; MALDI matrix material
porphobilinogen [no description available]	2.91	4	0	aralkylamino compound; dicarboxylic acid; pyrroles	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
diphosphoric acid diphosphoric acid : An acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride obtained by condensation of two molecules of phosphoric acid.	3.79	11	0	acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid	Escherichia coli metabolite
pqq cofactor PQQ Cofactor: A pyrrolo-quinoline having two adjacent keto-groups at the 4 and 5 positions and three acidic carboxyl groups. It is a coenzyme of some DEHYDROGENASES.. pyrroloquinoline quinone : A pyrroloquinoline having oxo groups at the 4- and 5-positions and carboxy groups at the 2-, 7- and 9-positions.	2.42	2	0	orthoquinones; pyrroloquinoline cofactor; tricarboxylic acid	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; water-soluble vitamin (role)
propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.	2.42	2	0	glycol; propane-1,2-diols	allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.	1.99	1	0	propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	metabolite; protic solvent
propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.	2.03	1	0	saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid	antifungal drug
pteridines [no description available]	3.05	5	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; pteridines
purine 1H-purine : The 1H-tautomer of purine.. 3H-purine : The 3H-tautomer of purine.. 9H-purine : The 9H-tautomer of purine.. 7H-purine : The 7H-tautomer of purine.	2.64	3	0	purine
putrescine [no description available]	4.11	16	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite
pyrazinamide pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.	7.58	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia; pyrazines	antitubercular agent; prodrug
pyrazole 1H-pyrazole : The 1H-tautomer of pyrazole.	3.15	5	0	pyrazole
pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.	4.21	16	0	azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines	environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound
pyridoxal [no description available]	3.06	5	0	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.	14.58	129	18	methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate	coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxamine [no description available]	1.94	1	0	aminoalkylpyridine; hydroxymethylpyridine; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; iron chelator; mouse metabolite; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).	7.09	16	1	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine 5-phosphate pyridoxine 5-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0	vitamin B6 phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
pyrogallol benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring.	3.59	9	0	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	plant metabolite
pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.	4.23	18	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	cofactor; fundamental metabolite
quinolinic acid Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan.	9.63	6	1	pyridinedicarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
dimethyl sulfide dimethyl sulfide: structure. dimethyl sulfide : A methyl sulfide in which the sulfur atom is substituted by two methyl groups. It is produced naturally by some marine algae.. methyl sulfide : Any aliphatic sulfide in which at least one of the organyl groups attached to the sulfur is a methyl group.	2.03	1	0	aliphatic sulfide	algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; marine metabolite
thiosulfates Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid.	2.72	3	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion	human metabolite
dithionite Dithionite: Dithionite. The dithionous acid ion and its salts.	3.09	5	0	sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
sarcosine cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis	4.39	6	0	N-alkylglycine zwitterion; N-alkylglycine; N-methyl-amino acid; N-methylglycines	Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; glycine transporter 1 inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
selenic acid Selenic Acid: A strong dibasic acid with the molecular formula H2SeO4. Included under this heading is the acid form, and inorganic salts of dihydrogen selenium tetraoxide.	3.15	5	0	selenium oxoacid
selenious acid Selenious Acid: A selenium compound with the molecular formula H2SO3. It used as a source of SELENIUM, especially for patients that develop selenium deficiency following prolonged PARENTERAL NUTRITION.	3.31	6	0	selenium oxoacid
sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).	6.31	30	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
spermidine [no description available]	9.67	29	0	polyazaalkane; triamine	autophagy inducer; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
spermine [no description available]	5	41	0	polyazaalkane; tetramine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	6.69	17	1	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
sulfuric acid sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.	9.23	17	0	sulfur oxoacid	catalyst
sulfur dioxide Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.	5.89	19	0	sulfur oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; food bleaching agent; refrigerant
taurine [no description available]	6.71	17	1	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tetramethylene sulfoxide [no description available]	1.99	1	0	tetrahydrothiophenes
thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.	6.56	16	1	primary alcohol; vitamin B1	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thymine [no description available]	3.83	12	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	8.52	37	1	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
trimethyloxamine trimethyloxamine: used in manufacture of quaternary ammonium cpds; insect attractant; warming agent for gas; oxidant; structure. trimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine.	2.04	1	0	tertiary amine oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; osmolyte
trimethylamine [no description available]	2.01	1	0	methylamines; tertiary amine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
tungstic(vi) acid tungstic(VI) acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.06	1	0	tungsten coordination entity
uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder	5.37	19	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	7.39	21	1	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	9.1	125	1	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vanillin Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).	3.48	2	0	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antioxidant; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
xanthine 7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.. 9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.	3.25	6	0	xanthine	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isopentenyl pyrophosphate isopentenyl pyrophosphate: substrate for isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; a nonpeptide mycobacterial antigen that stimulates gamma delta T cells. isopentenyl diphosphate : A prenol phosphate comprising 3-methylbut-3-en-1-ol having an O-diphosphate substituent.	2.41	2	0	prenol phosphate	antigen; antioxidant; epitope; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; phosphoantigen
isocitric acid isocitric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. isocitric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propan-1-ol with a hydrogen at each of the 3 carbon positions replaced by a carboxy group.	3.49	8	0	secondary alcohol; tricarboxylic acid	fundamental metabolite
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.	1.96	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	NMDA receptor antagonist
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin: A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.. 8-OH-DPAT : A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively	2.67	3	0	phenols; tertiary amino compound; tetralins	serotonergic antagonist
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.	2.93	4	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine 4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd without isomeric designation; a serotonin agonist. 2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-methylethylamine : An organoiodine compound that is amphetamine bearing two methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 5 as well as an iodo substituent at position 4.	2.1	1	0	amphetamines; dimethoxybenzene; organoiodine compound
ibotenic acid Ibotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist.	1.98	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	neurotoxin
gallopamil Gallopamil: Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring.	6.51	62	0	benzenes; organic amino compound
vanilmandelic acid Vanilmandelic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. It is an end-stage metabolite of CATECHOLAMINES; EPINEPHRINE; and NOREPINEPHRINE.. vanillylmandelic acid : An aromatic ether that is the 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid.	1.99	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; aromatic ether; phenols	human metabolite
menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.	2.72	3	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol	volatile oil component
mandelic acid SAMMA: mandelic acid condensation polymer	2.68	3	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; benzenes	antibacterial agent; human xenobiotic metabolite
1,10-phenanthroline 1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases	4.4	21	0	phenanthroline	EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor
1,2-dioctanoylglycerol 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol: functions as bioregulator of protein kinase C in human platelets	2.4	2	0
1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine 1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine: structure given in first source	1.96	1	0
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.	2.69	3	0	oxopurine	adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
pk 11195 PK-11195 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of sec-butylmethylamine	8.52	2	0	aromatic amide; isoquinolines; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes	antineoplastic agent
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	4.22	18	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4.	10.05	13	0	methylpyridines; phenylpyridine; tetrahydropyridine	neurotoxin
1-methylimidazole 1-methyl-1H-imidazole : A 1H-imidazole having a methyl substituent at the N-1 position.	2.05	1	0	imidazoles
1-oleoyl-2-acetoyl-sn-glycerol [no description available]	2.08	1	0
14,15-epoxy-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid 14,15-epoxy-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.98	1	0	long-chain fatty acid
1h-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one: structure given in first source; inhibits guanylyl cyclase. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one : A member of the class of oxadiazoloquinoxalines that is 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline substituted at position 1 by an oxo group.	1.99	1	0	oxadiazoloquinoxaline	EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor
2,2'-dipyridyl 2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'.	4.93	36	0	bipyridine	chelator; ferroptosis inhibitor
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.	1.94	1	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene	agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.	2.88	4	0	dinitrophenol	allergen; antiseptic drug; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; geroprotector; oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propandiol 2-amino-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol : An aminodiol that is propane-1,3-diol substituted ny an amino and a methyl group at position 2.	2.04	1	0	aminodiol
2-amino-4-picoline 2-amino-4-picoline: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0
2-aminofluorene [no description available]	1.97	1	0
2-(n-heptyl)-4-hydroxyquinoline n-oxide 2-(n-heptyl)-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide: structure. 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide : An inhibitor of the mitochondrial respiratory chain at cytochrome bc1 and of photosynthetic electron flow immediately before cytochrome b559.	1.96	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline
mercaptoethanol Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.	10.68	82	0	alkanethiol; primary alcohol	geroprotector
monomethylpropion monomethylpropion: metabolite of dimethylpropion; structure given in first source. 2-methylamino-1-phenylpropan-1-one : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone in which the hydrogen alpha- to the keto group has been replaced by a methylamino group.. methcathinone : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-methcathinone.	5.73	14	0	aromatic ketone; secondary amino compound
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate: is a novel membrane-penetrable modulator and transient receptor potential channel blocker; structure in first source; do not confuse with 2-APB cpd. 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane : An organoboron compound that is diphenylborane in which the borane hydrogen is replaced by a 2-aminoethoxy group.	3.82	11	0	organoboron compound; primary amino compound	calcium channel blocker; IP3 receptor antagonist; potassium channel opener
n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine: An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5.	2.11	1	0	amphetamines; benzodioxoles	neurotoxin
amitrole Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.	2.86	4	0	aromatic amine; triazoles	carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor; herbicide
aminopropionitrile Aminopropionitrile: Reagent used as an intermediate in the manufacture of beta-alanine and pantothenic acid.	3.46	2	0	aminopropionitrile	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; collagen cross-linking inhibitor; plant metabolite
3-methylcholanthrene Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.	3.06	5	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent
3-nitropropionic acid 3-nitropropionic acid: succinate dehydrogenase inactivator; biosynthesized by FABACEAE plants from ASPARAGINE. 3-nitropropanoic acid : A C-nitro compound that is propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a nitro group.	2	1	0	C-nitro compound	antimycobacterial drug; EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; mycotoxin; neurotoxin
4-aminopyridine [no description available]	4.32	20	0	aminopyridine; aromatic amine	avicide; orphan drug; potassium channel blocker
p-chloromercuribenzoic acid p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid: An organic mercurial used as a sulfhydryl reagent.	2.4	2	0	chlorine molecular entity; mercuribenzoic acid
homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.	4.18	17	0	guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide: do not confuse with DMPO (4',5'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4-phenyl-5,2'-oxidocoumarin). 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide : A member of the class of 1-pyrroline nitrones (1-pyrroline N-oxides) resulting from the formal N-oxidation of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline. Used as a spin trap for the study of radicals formed by enzymatic acetaldehyde oxidation.	3.24	6	0	1-pyrroline nitrones	neuroprotective agent; spin trapping reagent
phenytoin [no description available]	3.21	6	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
ethylisopropylamiloride ethylisopropylamiloride: structure in first source. ethylisopropylamiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the amino substitutent of the pyrazine ring that is adjacent to the chloro substituent has been substituted by an ethyl group and by an isopropyl group.	1.99	1	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyrazines; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; neuroprotective agent; sodium channel blocker
hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.	7.68	3	0	indole-3-acetic acids	drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
7-nitroindazole 7-nitroindazole: an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; exhibits anti-nociceptive activity without increasing blood pressure	2.02	1	0
8-phenyltheophylline 8-phenyltheophylline: purinergic P1 receptor antagonist	1.99	1	0
oxyquinoline Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes.	3.94	13	0	monohydroxyquinoline	antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug; iron chelator
tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	2.01	1	0	acridines; aromatic amine	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	4.33	5	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
salophen salophen: structure given in first source	3.44	7	0	carbonyl compound
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	7.67	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohexamide Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group.	3.04	1	0	acetophenones; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
acetyl-dl-leucine acetylleucine: used for treating vestibular-related imbalance and vertigo	2.02	1	0	leucine derivative; N-acetyl-amino acid
tyrphostin a23 tyrphostin A23: inhibits EGF-stimulated thymidine incorporation as well as EGF-stimulated receptor autophosphorylation & tyrosine phosphorylation & cell proliferation; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	catechols
tyrphostin 25 [no description available]	2.69	3	0	benzenetriol
alachlor alachlor : An aromatic amide that is N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide substituted by a methoxymethyl group at at the nitrogen atom while one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a chlorine atom.	2.02	1	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
albendazole [no description available]	4.8	1	1	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	anthelminthic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	2.69	3	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.	2.35	2	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
aluminum fluoride [no description available]	2.74	3	0	aluminium coordination entity
diatrizoic acid Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.	2.35	2	0	acetamides; benzoic acids; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
amifostine anhydrous Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.	2.03	1	0	diamine; organic thiophosphate	antioxidant; prodrug; radiation protective agent
theophylline [no description available]	6.27	49	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.	1.98	1	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiovascular drug
amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.	2	1	0	carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic
amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.	2.05	1	0	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
amobarbital Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.	2.35	2	0	barbiturates
anthralin Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.	1.98	1	0	anthracenes	antipsoriatic
antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.	2.52	2	0	pyrazolone	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid: glutamate antagonist in locust muscle; structure; do not confuse with L-AP4, which is the propionic acid version	2.37	2	0
arecoline Arecoline: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.. arecoline : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine.	2.37	2	0	enoate ester; methyl ester; pyridine alkaloid; tetrahydropyridine	metabolite; muscarinic agonist
aristolochic acid i aristolochic acid I: phospholipase A inhibitor. aristolochic acid A : An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic.	2.44	2	0	aristolochic acids; aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; cyclic acetal; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mutagen; nephrotoxin; toxin
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	4.12	16	0	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	2.43	2	0	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
atrazine [no description available]	3.14	5	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
aurintricarboxylic acid Aurintricarboxylic Acid: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.. aurintricarboxylic acid : A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'.	7.64	3	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid; quinomethanes; tricarboxylic acid	fluorochrome; histological dye; insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist
baclofen [no description available]	2.68	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant
bay-k-8644 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester: A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.. Bay-K-8644 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-Bay-K-8644. methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A pentasubstituted dihydropyridine carrying methoxycarbonyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and nitro substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively as well as two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6.	4.34	20	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
benserazide Benserazide: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.. benserazide : A carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.	2.36	2	0	carbohydrazide; catechols; primary alcohol; primary amino compound	antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.	8.37	7	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite
benzocaine Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.	1.97	1	0	benzoate ester; substituted aniline	allergen; antipruritic drug; sensitiser; topical anaesthetic
benzothiazide benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.	5.49	20	0	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
bepridil Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.	2.66	3	0	pyrrolidines; tertiary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
berberine [no description available]	7.6	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; berberine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite; potassium channel blocker
diminazene Diminazene: An effective trypanocidal agent.. diminazene : A triazene derivative that is triazene in which each of the terminal nitrogens is substituted by a 4-carbamimidoylphenyl group.	2.41	2	0	carboxamidine; triazene derivative	antiparasitic agent; trypanocidal drug
bethanechol Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.	2.65	3	0	carbamate ester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscarinic agonist
2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone 2,5-di-tert-butylbenzene-1,4-diol : A member of the class of hydroquinones that is benzene-1,4-diol substituted by tert-butyl groups at position 2 and 5.	4.01	14	0	hydroquinones
bisindolylmaleimide i bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide	2.7	3	0
ro 31-7549 Ro 31-7549: structure	1.98	1	0
bumetanide [no description available]	2.11	1	0	amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide	diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.	2	1	0	aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound
cacodylic acid dimethylarsinic acid : The organoarsenic compound that is arsenic acid substituted on the central arsenic atom with two methyl groups.	2.5	2	0	organoarsenic compound	xenobiotic metabolite
caffeine [no description available]	9.17	96	1	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	8.28	157	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
beta-glycerophosphoric acid beta-glycerophosphoric acid: plays role in mineralization of bone in vitro. glycerol 2-phosphate : A glycerol monophosphate having the phosphate group at the 2-position.	2.38	2	0	glycerol monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
calmagite calmagite: indicator used to measure free magnesium &/or calcium in biological systems; structure	7.03	1	0
calmidazolium calmidazolium: powerful inhibitor of or red blood cell Ca++-ATPase & Ca++ transport into inside-out red blood cell vesicles; RN refers to chloride; structure in first source; an antagonist of calmodulin. calmidazolium : An imidazolium ion that is imidazolium cation substituted by a bis(4-chlorophenyl)methyl group at position 1 and a 2-[(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group at position 3. It acts as an antagonist of calmodulin, a calcium binding messenger protein.	2.39	2	0	imidazolium ion	apoptosis inducer; calmodulin antagonist
camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available]	2.08	1	0	bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone	plant metabolite
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	3.14	5	0	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
carbofuran Carbofuran: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic insecticide, an acaricide, and nematocide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	7.15	1	0	1-benzofurans; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nematicide
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	2.06	1	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
carvedilol [no description available]	2.73	3	0	carbazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.	4.36	21	0	hydrazone; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; ionophore
cetyltrimethylammonium ion Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.	3.65	9	0	quaternary ammonium ion
cetylpyridinium Cetylpyridinium: Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.	8.82	2	1	pyridinium ion
cgp 12177 CGP 12177 : A benzimidazole that is benzimidazol-2-one substituted at position 4 by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group.	1.98	1	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic antagonist
chelerythrine chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.	1.98	1	0	benzophenanthridine alkaloid; organic cation	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.	1.93	1	0	benzodiazepine
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	5.85	7	1	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	10.55	23	0	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.	3.04	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	7.57	2	0	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	2.66	3	0	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
eucalyptol [no description available]	1.98	1	0
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	4.33	18	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
platinum tetrachloride platinum chloride: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF; structure in first source: K2PtCl; see also platinum tetrachloride. platinum dichloride : A platinum coordination entity consisting of platinum(II) bound to two chlorine atoms.	2.38	2	0	platinum coordination entity	catalyst; reagent
clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate	2.65	3	0	aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist
clonazepam Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.	1.99	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; monochlorobenzenes	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	3.91	13	0	clonidine; imidazoline
clotrimazole [no description available]	2.6	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes	antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
4-cresol 4-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-cresol : A cresol that consists of toluene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It is a metabolite of aromatic amino acid metabolism produced by intestinal microflora in humans and animals.	2.92	4	0	cresol	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; uremic toxin
cycloleucine Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.	2.38	2	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	EC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
cyclothiazide cyclothiazide: inhibits the desensitization of AMPA-type receptors; structure. cyclothiazide : 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted at positions 3, 5 and 6 by a 2-norbornen-5-yl group, chlorine, and a sulfonamide group, respectively. A thiazide diuretic, it has been used in the management of hypertension and oedema.	1.99	1	0	benzothiadiazine	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
cystamine [no description available]	2.86	4	0	organic disulfide; primary amino compound	EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor
dantrolene Dantrolene: Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.. dantrolene : The hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furfural with 1-aminohydantoin. A ryanodine receptor antagonist used for the relief of chronic severe spasticity and malignant hyperthermia.	9.77	10	0	hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione	muscle relaxant; neuroprotective agent; ryanodine receptor antagonist
dapi DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.	2.76	3	0	indoles	fluorochrome
deferiprone Deferiprone: A pyridone derivative and iron chelator that is used in the treatment of IRON OVERLOAD in patients with THALASSEMIA.. deferiprone : A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is pyridin-4(1H)-one substituted at positions 1 and 2 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxy group. A lipid-soluble iron-chelator used for treatment of thalassaemia.	7.02	1	0	4-pyridones	iron chelator; protective agent
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.	4.88	35	0	acyclic desferrioxamine	bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore
desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.	2.89	4	0	dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.	2.7	3	0	primary amine
eflornithine Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.	2.42	2	0	alpha-amino acid; fluoroamino acid	trypanocidal drug
r 59022 R 59022: diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor; structure given in first source; platelet activator factor antagonist	1.97	1	0	diarylmethane
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	1.95	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	2.65	3	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
dibucaine Dibucaine: A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006). cinchocaine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the 2-(diethylamino)ethyl amide of 2-butoxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid. One of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, its parenteral use was restricted to spinal anesthesia. It is now generally only used (usually as the hydrochloride) in creams and ointments and in suppositories for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with skin and anorectal conditions.	2.64	3	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	topical anaesthetic
dibutyl phthalate Dibutyl Phthalate: A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure.. dibutyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of butan-1-ol. Although used extensively as a plasticiser, it is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that poses a risk to humans.	7.21	1	0	diester; phthalate ester	EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; metabolite; plasticiser; teratogenic agent
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	3.49	7	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene: An organochlorine pesticide, it is the ethylene metabolite of DDT.	1.95	1	0	chlorophenylethylene; monochlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite; persistent organic pollutant
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source	4.77	10	0	benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant
dichlorphenamide Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma.	1.94	1	0	dichlorobenzene; sulfonamide	antiglaucoma drug; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor; ophthalmology drug
diethyl pyrocarbonate Diethyl Pyrocarbonate: Preservative for wines, soft drinks, and fruit juices and a gentle esterifying agent.. diethyl pyrocarbonate : The diethyl ester of dicarbonic acid.	3.84	12	0	acyclic carboxylic anhydride
pentetic acid Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.	7.54	57	0	pentacarboxylic acid	copper chelator
dihydrocytochalasin b dihydrocytochalasin B: inhibits cell motility in many eucaryotic cells	1.99	1	0
diisopropyl methylphosphonate diisopropyl methylphosphonate: by-product of sarin manufacture; structure given in first source. diisopropyl methylphosphonate : An organic phosphonate that is the diisopropyl ester of methylphosphonic acid.	2.03	1	0	organic phosphonate
dimercaprol Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.	3.19	6	0	dithiol; primary alcohol	chelator
dimethoate Dimethoate: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide.. dimethoate : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-methylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group attached to the carbonyl moiety is replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
dimethyl pyrocarbonate [no description available]	1.97	1	0	organooxygen compound
diphenyleneiodonium diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine.	2.43	2	0	organic cation
benzophenone benzophenone : The simplest member of the class of benzophenones, being formaldehyde in which both hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.	7.6	1	0	benzophenones	photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	2.37	2	0	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
diuron Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group.	4.4	22	0	3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; dichlorobenzene	environmental contaminant; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; photosystem-II inhibitor; urea herbicide; xenobiotic
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	7.58	2	0	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
racemetirosine alpha-Methyltyrosine: An inhibitor of the enzyme TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed)	1.97	1	0
adtn ADTN: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure	1.96	1	0
droperidol Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon.	1.94	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound	anaesthesia adjuvant; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
e 4031 E 4031: class III anti-arrhythmia agent; structure given in UD	1.99	1	0	sulfonamide
ebselen ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.	7.45	2	0	benzoselenazole	anti-inflammatory drug; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor; enzyme mimic; ferroptosis inhibitor; genotoxin; hepatoprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger
econazole Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.	3.78	11	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes
edrophonium Edrophonium: A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.. edrophonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.	1.97	1	0	phenols; quaternary ammonium ion	antidote; diagnostic agent; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.	2.1	1	0	trihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
endosulfan Endosulfan: A polychlorinated compound used for controlling a variety of insects. It is practically water-insoluble, but readily adheres to clay particles and persists in soil and water for several years. Its mode of action involves repetitive nerve-discharges positively correlated to increase in temperature. This compound is extremely toxic to most fish. (From Comp Biochem Physiol (C) 1993 Jul;105(3):347-61). endosulfan : A cyclic sulfite ester that is 1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine 3-oxide substituted by chloro groups at positions 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 10.	2.06	1	0	cyclic sulfite ester; cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; persistent organic pollutant
enoxacin Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.	2.04	1	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; amino acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	4.52	24	0
ethacrynic acid Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.	3.04	5	0	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic
ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.	2.37	2	0	ether; volatile organic compound	inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
ethylenediamine ethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; edamine is the recommended contraction for the ethylenediamine radical. ethylenediamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine in which the alkane is ethane.	2.91	4	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	GABA agonist
etidronate Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.	2.06	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; chelator
carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group.	3.99	14	0	aromatic ether; hydrazone; nitrile; organofluorine compound	ATP synthase inhibitor; geroprotector; ionophore
felodipine Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.	2.37	2	0	dichlorobenzene; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
fendiline Fendiline: Coronary vasodilator; inhibits calcium function in muscle cells in excitation-contraction coupling; proposed as antiarrhythmic and antianginal agents.	2	1	0	diarylmethane
fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	1.96	1	0	anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
flufenamic acid Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.	3.38	7	0	aromatic amino acid; organofluorine compound	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluphenazine [no description available]	2.65	3	0	N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	anticoronaviral agent; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	8.22	6	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.	2.06	1	0	fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
flutamide Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.	3.12	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
foscarnet Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.	2.67	3	0	carboxylic acid; one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	3.04	4	0	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.	2.54	2	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	8.38	7	0
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; a oxidative product of saligenin. 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 5-positions.	1.99	1	0	dihydroxybenzoic acid	EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human metabolite; MALDI matrix material; mouse metabolite
glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.	3.68	10	0	dialdehyde	cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	1.96	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
glyphosate glyphosate: active cpd in herbicidal formulation Roundup; inhibits EC 2.5.1.19, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase; structure. glyphosate : A phosphonic acid resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid with the amino group of glycine. It is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, and the only one to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS).	3.51	7	0	glycine derivative; phosphonic acid	agrochemical; EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; herbicide
go 6976 [no description available]	2.7	3	0	indolocarbazole; organic heterohexacyclic compound	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.	1.97	1	0
guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.	3.21	6	0	methoxybenzenes
guanethidine Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.	2.65	3	0	azocanes; guanidines	adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; sympatholytic agent
guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.	3.4	7	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound
n-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide [no description available]	2.68	3	0	isoquinolines; sulfonamide
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.	3.08	5	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	3.06	5	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
halothane [no description available]	7.91	4	0	haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
hexachlorophene Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.	3.73	2	1	bridged diphenyl fungicide; polyphenol; trichlorobenzene	acaricide; antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug
miltefosine miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.	1.99	1	0	phosphocholines; phospholipid	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; apoptosis inducer; immunomodulator; protein kinase inhibitor
hexamethonium Hexamethonium: A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool.	1.98	1	0	quaternary ammonium salt
hexestrol [no description available]	1.94	1	0	stilbenoid
hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.	7.65	3	0	barbiturates
beta-thujaplicin beta-thujaplicin: structure. beta-thujaplicin : A monoterpenoid that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and an isopropyl group at position 4. Isolated from Thuja plicata and Chamaecyparis obtusa, it exhibits antimicrobial activities.	2.21	1	0	cyclic ketone; enol; monoterpenoid	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiplasmodial drug; plant metabolite
ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.	5.56	23	0	phenanthridines	fluorochrome; intercalator
hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.	9.25	4	1	azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines	antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	6.96	1	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
hydroxyurea [no description available]	7.89	4	0	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
hypericin [no description available]	2.6	1	0
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	8.12	5	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	2.91	4	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	1.96	1	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
indapamide Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.	1.95	1	0	indoles; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	10.32	18	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
iodixanol iodixanol: dimeric contrast media; structure given in first source. iodixanol : A dimeric, non-ionic, water-soluble, radiographic contrast agent, used particularly in coronary angiography.	1.99	1	0	organoiodine compound	radioopaque medium
iodoacetamide [no description available]	3.67	10	0
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.	4.22	18	0	3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.	7.74	3	0	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	3.94	13	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2.92	4	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	10.95	107	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
isradipine Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.	2.67	3	0	benzoxadiazole; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester
staurosporine aglycone staurosporine aglycone: metabolite from culture broth of Nocardiopsis sp.; a neurotrophin antag; inhibits BDNF TrkB receptor	1.98	1	0
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	3.8	3	0	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.	2.4	2	0	aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	2.1	1	0	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	1.98	1	0	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
kojic acid [no description available]	2.7	3	0	4-pyranones; enol; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor; NF-kappaB inhibitor; skin lightening agent
2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid 2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid: metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist; do not confuse AP-3 used as an abbreviation for this with enhancer-binding protein AP-3 (a trans-activator) or clathrin assembly protein AP-3. 2-amino-3-phosphonopropanoic acid : A non-proteinogenc alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by a dihydroxy(oxido)-lambda(5)-phosphanyl group.	1.99	1	0	alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; phosphonic acids	human metabolite; metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
beta-lapachone beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.	2.41	1	0	benzochromenone; orthoquinones	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
letrozole [no description available]	2.1	1	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
tetramisole 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole : An imidazothiazole that is imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole in which the double bonds at the 2-3 and 5-6 positions have been reduced to single bonds and in which one of the hydrogens at position 6 is replaced by a phenyl group.. tetramisole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levamisole and dexamisole.	1.98	1	0	imidazothiazole	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
qx-314 QX-314: triethyl analog of lidocaine; RN & NM refer to ion	2	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide	local anaesthetic
lidoflazine Lidoflazine: Coronary vasodilator with some antiarrhythmic action.	1.96	1	0	diarylmethane
lomefloxacin lomefloxacin: structure given in first source. lomefloxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery.	2.06	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; photosensitizing agent
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position	2.01	1	0	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source	2.4	2	0	chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound	autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.	1.94	1	0	diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate
edaravone [no description available]	7.11	1	0	pyrazolone	antioxidant; radical scavenger
mechlorethamine nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.	2.85	4	0	nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent
meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	7.06	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mefenamic acid Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	3.03	4	0	aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound	analgesic; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
memantine [no description available]	2.46	2	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.	2.44	2	0	1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical
mephenesin Mephenesin: A centrally acting muscle relaxant with a short duration of action.. 1-(2-methylphenyl)glycerol : A glycerol ether in which a single 2-methylphenyl group is attached at position 1 of glycerol via an ether linkage.	1.96	1	0	aromatic ether; glycerol ether
mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.	2.08	1	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mescaline Mescaline: Hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from the flowering heads (peyote) of Lophophora (formerly Anhalonium) williamsii, a Mexican cactus used in Indian religious rites and as an experimental psychotomimetic. Among its cellular effects are agonist actions at some types of serotonin receptors. It has no accepted therapeutic uses although it is legal for religious use by members of the Native American Church.. mescaline : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is phenethylamine substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by methoxy groups.	2.35	2	0	methoxybenzenes; phenethylamine alkaloid; primary amino compound	hallucinogen
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	10.25	2	1	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
methacrylic acid methacrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methacrylic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a methyl group.	2.11	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid
methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.	3.35	1	0	benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound
nocodazole [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; thiophenes	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
methyl salicylate methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.	3.28	5	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; salicylates	flavouring agent; insect attractant; metabolite
methyl methanesulfonate [no description available]	2.4	2	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
methylphenidate Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.	5.68	5	1	beta-amino acid ester; methyl ester; piperidines
metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.	1.97	1	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	3.14	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.	2.67	3	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles
milrinone [no description available]	2.01	1	0	bipyridines; nitrile; pyridone	cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	3.43	1	1	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
molsidomine Molsidomine: A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.. molsidomine : A member of the class of oxadiazoles that is 1,2,3-oxadiazole substituted by morpholin-4-yl and (ethoxycarbonyl)azanidyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is used as a vasodilator drug for the treatment of myocardial ischemic syndrome and congestive heart failure.	2.01	1	0	ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion	antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
monodansylcadaverine monodansylcadaverine: inhibits cross linkage of fibrin. monodansylcadaverine : A sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid with one of the amino groups of cadaverine.	1.97	1	0	aminonaphthalene; primary amino compound; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; protective agent
ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.	7.06	109	0	maleimides	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
clorgyline Clorgyline: An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE.. clorgyline : An aromatic ether that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ether of 3-aminopropan-1-ol in which the nitrogen is substituted by a methyl group and a prop-1-yn-3-yl group. A monoamine oxidase inhibitor, it was formerly used as an antidepressant.	1.96	1	0	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
nalidixic acid [no description available]	1.98	1	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
neostigmine Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.	2.64	3	0	quaternary ammonium ion	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
netropsin Netropsin: A basic polypeptide isolated from Streptomyces netropsis. It is cytotoxic and its strong, specific binding to A-T areas of DNA is useful to genetics research.	1.95	1	0
nicardipine Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.	3.85	12	0	benzenes; C-nitro compound; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	5.63	76	0	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
niflumic acid Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.	1.98	1	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	3.77	11	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
nisoldipine Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.	2.38	2	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
nitr 5 nitr 5: photosensitive Ca++ chelator; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.	3.77	11	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.	2.35	2	0	nitroglycerol	explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	8.04	3	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid: structure given in first source; chloride channel antagonist	2.39	2	0	nitrobenzoic acid
octopamine Octopamine: An alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetic amine, biosynthesized from tyramine in the CNS and platelets and also in invertebrate nervous systems. It is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. The natural D(-) form is more potent than the L(+) form in producing cardiovascular adrenergic responses. It is also a neurotransmitter in some invertebrates.. octopamine : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by a 2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl group. A biogenic phenylethanolamine which has been found to act as a neurotransmitter, neurohormone or neuromodulator in invertebrates.	1.99	1	0	phenylethanolamines; tyramines	neurotransmitter
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	10.2	2	1	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
orphenadrine Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.	1.94	1	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; NMDA receptor antagonist; parasympatholytic
oxaprozin Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.25	1	0	1,3-oxazoles; monocarboxylic acid	analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).	5.36	18	0	benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound	drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin
oxolinic acid quinolone antibiotic : An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton.	7.08	1	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; enzyme inhibitor
oxotremorine m oxotremorine M: structure given in first source	2.68	3	0	quaternary ammonium ion	muscarinic agonist
oxotremorine Oxotremorine: A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool.	2.89	4	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine
aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.	4.28	17	0	aminobenzoic acid; phenols	antitubercular agent
quinone benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).	9.15	16	0	1,4-benzoquinones	cofactor; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	3.75	11	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
4-chlorophenol 4-chlorophenol: used as a root canal irrigant. 4-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol substituted at the pare position by a chlorine atom.	7.61	2	0	monochlorophenol
pargyline Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.	2.39	2	0	aromatic amine
patulin Patulin: 4-Hydroxy-4H-furo(3,2-c)pyran-2(6H)-one. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is found in unfermented apple and grape juice and field crops. It has antibiotic properties and has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic and causes chromosome damage in biological systems.. patulin : A furopyran and lactone that is (2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4 and in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has condensed with the carboxy group to give the corresponding bicyclic lactone. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, it has antibiotic properties but has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic.	2.66	3	0	furopyran; gamma-lactone; lactol	antimicrobial agent; Aspergillus metabolite; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	3.05	5	0	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	3.97	14	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
phenolsulfonphthalein Phenolsulfonphthalein: Red dye, pH indicator, and diagnostic aid for determination of renal function. It is used also for studies of the gastrointestinal and other systems.. phenol red : 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups. A pH indicator changing colour from yellow below pH 6.8 to bright pink above pH 8.2, it is commonly used as an indicator in cell cultures and in home swimming pool test kits. It is also used in the (now infrequently performed) phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) test for estimation of overall blood flow through the kidney.	2.91	4	0	2,1-benzoxathiole; arenesulfonate ester; phenols; sultone	acid-base indicator; diagnostic agent; two-colour indicator
phenoxybenzamine Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.	3.33	7	0	aromatic amine
4-phenylbutyric acid 4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.	2.17	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; prodrug
oxophenylarsine oxophenylarsine: inhibits protein-tyrosine-phosphatase. phenylarsine oxide : An arsine oxide derived from phenylarsine.	2.69	3	0	arsine oxides	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.	2.4	2	0	acyl fluoride	serine proteinase inhibitor
phloretin [no description available]	1.95	1	0	dihydrochalcones	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
o-phthalaldehyde o-Phthalaldehyde: A reagent that forms fluorescent conjugation products with primary amines. It is used for the detection of many biogenic amines, peptides, and proteins in nanogram quantities in body fluids.. phthalaldehyde : A dialdehyde in which two formyl groups are attached to adjacent carbon centres on a benzene ring.	1.96	1	0	benzaldehydes; dialdehyde	epitope
pifithrin pifithrin: a tetrahydrobenzothiazol; inhibitor of P53 that protects mice from the side effects of cancer therapy; structure in first source	2.1	1	0	aromatic ketone
pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.	7.89	4	0	indoles; secondary amine	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
pipemidic acid Pipemidic Acid: Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.. pipemidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.	7.81	3	0	amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; pyridopyrimidine; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
piperazine [no description available]	2.5	2	0	azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	anthelminthic drug
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	7.63	193	0	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
potassium iodide Potassium Iodide: An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed). potassium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals.	2.86	4	0	potassium salt	expectorant; radical scavenger
4-aminobenzoic acid para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid.	2.41	1	0	aminobenzoate; aromatic amino-acid anion	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid: a novel antagonist that selectively blocks P2 purinoceptor receptors; a useful tool to study co-transmission in tissues when ATP and coexisting neurotransmitters act in concert. 5'-phosphopyridoxal-6-azobenzene-2,4-disulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is pyridoxal 5'-phosphate carrying an additional 2,4-disulfophenylazo substituent at position 6.	2.42	2	0	arenesulfonic acid; azobenzenes; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; organic phosphate; pyridinecarbaldehyde	purinergic receptor P2X antagonist
praziquantel azinox: Russian drug	2.55	2	0	isoquinolines
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.	2.89	4	0	aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
primaquine Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.	1.99	1	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; N-substituted diamine	antimalarial
proadifen Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.	3.05	5	0	diarylmethane
probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.	3.08	5	0	benzoic acids; sulfonamide	uricosuric drug
probucol Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.	2.9	2	0	dithioketal; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory drug; anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug
procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	2.07	1	0	benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker
procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.	10.85	32	0	benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug
procarbazine Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.	2.39	2	0	benzamides; hydrazines	antineoplastic agent
promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.	2.35	2	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative
propidium Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.	8.26	6	0	phenanthridines; quaternary ammonium ion	fluorochrome; intercalator
propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.	2	1	0	phenols	anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	11.3	30	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
protoporphyrin ix protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins.	8.54	8	0
pyrilamine Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.	2.67	3	0	aromatic ether; ethylenediamine derivative	H1-receptor antagonist
pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds	4.8	1	1	aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
resorcinol resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7951. resorcinol : A benzenediol that is benzene dihydroxylated at positions 1 and 3.	2.68	3	0	benzenediol; phenolic donor; resorcinols	erythropoietin inhibitor; sensitiser
riluzole Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.	2.76	3	0	benzothiazoles
ro 31-8220 Ro 31-8220: a protein kinase C inhibitor	2.01	1	0	imidothiocarbamic ester; indoles; maleimides	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone 4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone: Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.	2.87	4	0	methoxybenzenes
rolipram [no description available]	2.4	2	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	antidepressant; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
roxarsone Roxarsone: An arsenic derivative which has anticoccidial action and promotes growth in animals.. roxarsone : An organoarsonic acid where the organyl group is 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl.	2.82	2	0	2-nitrophenols; organoarsonic acid	agrochemical; animal growth promotant; antibacterial drug; coccidiostat
sanguinarine benzophenanthridine alkaloid : A specific group of isoquinoline alkaloids that occur only in higher plants and are constituents mainly of the Papaveraceae family.	2.02	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; benzophenanthridine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent
sevoflurane Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.	2.04	1	0	ether; organofluorine compound	central nervous system depressant; inhalation anaesthetic; platelet aggregation inhibitor
sulfadiazine Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.	3.04	3	0	pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; coccidiostat; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
simazine Simazine: A triazine herbicide.. simazine : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N,N'-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.	2	1	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
linsidomine linsidomine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.01	1	0	morpholines
sodium fluoride [no description available]	8.08	74	1	fluoride salt	mutagen
sodium iodide Sodium Iodide: A compound forming white, odorless deliquescent crystals and used as iodine supplement, expectorant or in its radioactive (I-131) form as an diagnostic aid, particularly for thyroid function tests.. sodium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a Na(+) counterion.	1.98	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; iodide salt
iodoacetic acid Iodoacetic Acid: A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.. iodoacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an iodine atom.	3.48	8	0	haloacetic acid; organoiodine compound	alkylating agent
spiperone Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively.	3.22	6	0	aromatic ketone; azaspiro compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.	2.89	4	0	long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
streptonigrin [no description available]	2.36	2	0	pyridines; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).	2.49	2	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
sulfacetamide Sulfacetamide: An anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.. sulfacetamide : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen.	6.94	1	0	N-sulfonylcarboxamide; substituted aniline	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.	3.94	9	0	isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
sulfanilamide [no description available]	1.93	1	0	substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; drug allergen; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.	2.04	1	0
sulfobromophthalein Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.	3.34	7	0	2-benzofurans; organobromine compound; organosulfonic acid; phenols	dye
sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.	7.41	2	0	benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide	antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	3.06	5	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
talipexole talipexole: dopamine receptor agonist; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0	azepine
temozolomide [no description available]	4.8	1	1	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
tetracaine Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.	9.92	12	0	benzoate ester; tertiary amino compound	local anaesthetic
tetraethylammonium Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)	4.53	25	0	quaternary ammonium ion
theobromine Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.	2.37	2	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; bronchodilator agent; food component; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
thiabendazole Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate	7.46	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug
2-thiosalicylic acid 2-thiosalicylic acid: a degradation product of thimerosal; RN given refers to parent cpd. thiosalicylic acid : A sulfanylbenzoic acid that is the 2-sulfanyl derivative of benzoic acid.	1.96	1	0	sulfanylbenzoic acid	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic
thioridazine Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.	1.97	1	0	phenothiazines; piperidines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
thiram Thiram: A dithiocarbamate chemical, used commercially in the rubber processing industry and as a fungicide. In vivo studies indicate that it inactivates the enzyme GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE. It has mutagenic activity and may induce chromosomal aberrations.. thiram : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. It is widely used as a fungicidal seed treatment.	2.41	1	0	organic disulfide	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug
tilorone Tilorone: An antiviral agent used as its hydrochloride. It is the first recognized synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, and is also reported to have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory actions.. tilorone : A member of the class of fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluoren-9-one which is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethoxy group at positions 2 and 7. It is an interferon inducer and a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist. Its hydrochloride salt is used as an antiviral drug.	1.97	1	0	aromatic ether; diether; fluoren-9-ones; tertiary amino compound	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; interferon inducer; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
8-(n,n-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate: intracellular calcium antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.89	4	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	3.97	4	0	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
n,n,n',n'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine: a zinc ion chelating agent; structure given in first source. N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine : An N-substituted diamine that is ethylenediamine in which the four amino hydrogens are replaced by 2-pyridylmethyl groups.	2.93	4	0	N-substituted diamine; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	apoptosis inducer; chelator; copper chelator
triclosan [no description available]	4.13	4	0	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic
trientine Trientine: An ethylenediamine derivative used as stabilizer for EPOXY RESINS, as ampholyte for ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING and as chelating agent for copper in HEPATOLENTICULAR DEGENERATION.. TETA : An azamacrocyle in which four nitrogen atoms at positions 1, 4, 8 and 11 of a fouteen-membered ring are each substituted with a carboxymethyl group.. 2,2,2-tetramine : A polyazaalkane that is decane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 are replaced by nitrogens.	7.39	2	0	polyazaalkane; tetramine	copper chelator
trifluoperazine [no description available]	4.16	17	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
trihexyphenidyl Trihexyphenidyl: One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.	1.94	1	0	amine
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.	8.11	5	0	aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
tyramine [no description available]	3.65	10	0	monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
urethane [no description available]	3.21	6	0	carbamate ester	fungal metabolite; mutagen
usnic acid [no description available]	2.45	2	0	benzofurans
vesamicol vesamicol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.97	1	0	piperidines
w 7 W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist	2.39	2	0
wb 4101 N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethanamine : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine bearing a [(2',6'-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethylamino]methyl group at position 2. An alpha1A-adrenergic selective antagonist.	1.96	1	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxine; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
xanthurenic acid xanthurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at C-4 and C-8.	2	1	0	dihydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	animal metabolite; iron chelator; metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; vesicular glutamate transport inhibitor
3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole: antineoplastic; activates platelet guanylate cyclase; a radiosensitizing agent and guanylate cyclase activator; structure in first source. lificiguat : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole which is substituted by a benzyl group at position 1 and a 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furyl group at position 3. It is an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase and inhibits platelet aggregation.	2.41	2	0	aromatic primary alcohol; furans; indazoles	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; platelet aggregation inhibitor; soluble guanylate cyclase activator; vasodilator agent
zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.	3.7	10	0	inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity	astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	2.47	2	0	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
corticosterone [no description available]	3.59	9	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	2.64	3	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.	2.86	4	0	16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
lysergic acid diethylamide Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine.	2.36	2	0	ergoline alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound	dopamine agonist; hallucinogen; serotonergic agonist
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	6.08	24	0	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.	3.34	7	0	imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	3.66	10	0	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
alloxan Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups.	4.76	10	0	pyrimidone	hyperglycemic agent; metabolite
thymidine [no description available]	4.95	39	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
floxuridine Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.	1.94	1	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent
piperonyl butoxide [no description available]	2.37	2	0	benzodioxoles	pesticide synergist
benzimidazole 1H-benzimidazole : The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.	2.07	1	0	benzimidazole; polycyclic heteroarene
triethylenemelamine Triethylenemelamine: Toxic alkylating agent used in industry; also as antineoplastic and research tool to produce chromosome aberrations and cancers.	1.93	1	0	1,3,5-triazines	alkylating agent; insect sterilant
2-aminophenol [no description available]	2.94	4	0	aminophenol	bacterial metabolite
bromouracil Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen.	1.97	1	0	nucleobase analogue; pyrimidines	mutagen
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	3.84	12	0	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	5.99	27	1	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
dibenzylchlorethamine Dibenzylchlorethamine: An alpha adrenergic antagonist.	1.94	1	0
dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.	2.67	3	0	1-phenylpropan-2-amine	adrenergic agent; adrenergic uptake inhibitor; dopamine uptake inhibitor; dopaminergic agent; neurotoxin; sympathomimetic agent
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	12.47	69	0	ammonium salt; carbamate ester	cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic
prednisolone acetate prednisolone acetate: RN given refers to cpd with locant for acetate group in position 21 & (11 beta)-isomer	1.96	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
aldosterone [no description available]	3.06	5	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.	10.76	17	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine	antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	9.63	3	2	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.	8.47	8	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
androsterone [no description available]	1.94	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid; C19-steroid	androgen; anticonvulsant; human blood serum metabolite; human metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; pheromone
etiocholanolone Etiocholanolone: The 5-beta-reduced isomer of ANDROSTERONE. Etiocholanolone is a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE and ANDROSTENEDIONE in many mammalian species including humans. It is excreted in the URINE.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-androstan-17-one : An androstanoid that is 5beta-androstane substituted by an alpha-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a metabolite of testosterone in mammals.	2.63	3	0	17-oxo steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.	7.63	3	0	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
2-acetylaminofluorene 2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.	3.05	5	0	2-acetamidofluorenes	antimitotic; carcinogenic agent; epitope; mutagen
adrenochrome Adrenochrome: Pigment obtained by the oxidation of epinephrine.	2.91	4	0	indoles
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	1.94	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
idoxuridine [no description available]	1.96	1	0	organoiodine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
metaraminol Metaraminol: A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. metaraminol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-amino-1-phenylethanol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a phenolic hydroxy group at position 1. A sympathomimetic agent , it is used in the treatment of hypotension.	2.37	2	0	phenylethanolamines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.	7.67	3	0	pilocarpine	antiglaucoma drug
dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide: A selective nicotinic cholinergic agonist used as a research tool. DMPP activates nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia but has little effect at the neuromuscular junction.	2.67	3	0	N-arylpiperazine; organic iodide salt; piperazinium salt; quaternary ammonium salt	nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	2.64	3	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
amifampridine Amifampridine: 4-Aminopyridine derivative that acts as a POTASSIUM CHANNEL blocker to increase release of ACETYLCHOLINE from nerve terminals. It is used in the treatment of CONGENITAL MYASTHENIC SYNDROMES.	2.66	3	0	aminopyridine
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	5.85	23	1	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
diethylnitrosamine Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.	2.58	2	0	nitrosamine	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; mutagen
methyldimethylaminoazobenzene Methyldimethylaminoazobenzene: A very potent liver carcinogen.. 3-methyl-4'-dimethylaminoazobenzene : A member of the class of azobenzenes that is azobenzene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group, while the other is substituted at position 4 by a dimethylamino group. It is a potent liver carcinogen.	1.94	1	0
isoflurophate Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.	4.25	19	0	dialkyl phosphate
biguanides Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.	2.86	4	0	guanidines
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	3.46	8	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
cantharidin Cantharidin: A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.. cantharidin : A monoterpenoid with an epoxy-bridged cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride structure secreted by many species of blister beetle, and most notably by the Spanish fly, Lytta vesicatoria. Natural toxin inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A.	2.48	2	0	cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; monoterpenoid	EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; herbicide
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	5.85	96	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	5.41	61	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	6.24	28	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	14.36	159	1	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.	9.93	95	1	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	5.71	83	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.	8.04	124	0	pseudohalide anion	EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
chlorobutanol [no description available]	1.94	1	0	tertiary alcohol
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	3.34	7	0	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	7.37	89	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.	3.38	7	0	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
tubocurarine Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.	3.56	9	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.	3.06	5	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes	carcinogenic agent
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	2.73	3	0	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.	3.04	5	0	pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound	antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
tetrabenazine 9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.	7.8	3	0	benzoquinolizine; cyclic ketone; tertiary amino compound
puromycin aminonucleoside 3'-amino-3'-deoxy-N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenosine: structure in first source. 3'-amino-3'-deoxy-N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenosine : Puromycin derivative that lacks the methoxyphenylalanyl group on the amine of the sugar ring.	1.98	1	0	3'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	6.85	264	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.	3.81	11	0	tetrachlorophenol	xenobiotic metabolite
uridine [no description available]	5.02	42	0	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
uridine monophosphate Uridine Monophosphate: 5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. uridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.	3.69	10	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
uridine diphosphate Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.	5.46	20	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	2.66	3	0	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	3.33	7	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	13.5	115	1	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	3.74	10	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	4.27	19	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease	9.42	22	0	amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	16.8	809	20	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
p-dimethylaminoazobenzene p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene: A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)	4.44	7	0	azobenzenes
phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.	3.11	5	0	benzenes; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	12.41	244	2	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
cysteamine Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.	2.66	3	0	amine; thiol	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent
monomethylhydrazine Monomethylhydrazine: Hydrazine substituted by one methyl group.	2.25	1	0
phlorhizin [no description available]	2.86	4	0	aryl beta-D-glucoside; dihydrochalcones; monosaccharide derivative	antioxidant; plant metabolite
mepazine mepazine: major descriptor (66-85); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (66-85); Index Medicus search MEPAZINE (66-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. pacatal : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazine has an N-methylpiperidin-4-ylmethyl substituent at the N-10 position.	1.93	1	0	phenothiazines
methoxamine Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine .	1.95	1	0	amphetamines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypotensive agent
adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.	7.47	164	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	9.14	16	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
zoxazolamine Zoxazolamine: A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood.	1.94	1	0	benzoxazole
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	5.63	78	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethyl methanesulfonate Ethyl Methanesulfonate: An antineoplastic agent with alkylating properties. It also acts as a mutagen by damaging DNA and is used experimentally for that effect.. ethyl methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with ethanol.	3.22	6	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen; teratogenic agent
methacholine chloride Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)	2.41	2	0	quaternary ammonium salt
aniline [no description available]	3.35	6	0	anilines; primary arylamine
2-aminoisobutyric acid 2-aminoisobutyric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2-aminoisobutyric acid : A rare, non-protein amino acid and end-product of pyrimidine metabolism, excreted in urine and found in some antibiotics of fungal origin. With the exception of a few bacteria, it is non-metabolisable, and therefore used in bioassays.	1.99	1	0	2,2-dialkylglycine zwitterion; 2,2-dialkylglycine
dimethylnitrosamine Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.	1.96	1	0	nitrosamine	geroprotector; mutagen
carbaryl Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.	3.78	3	0	carbamate ester; naphthalenes	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant growth retardant
cytidine monophosphate Cytidine Monophosphate: Cytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. cytidine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.	3.83	12	0	cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
cytidine diphosphate Cytidine Diphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonyms: CRPP; cytidine pyrophosphate.	3.09	5	0	cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
uridine triphosphate Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	4.73	30	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	6.43	34	0	lactose
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	7.79	67	3	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.	2.69	3	0
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	6.81	63	1	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE	3.97	4	0	20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	3.67	10	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
cytidine [no description available]	3.05	5	0	cytidines	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytidine triphosphate Cytidine Triphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	4.23	18	0	cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
n-hexanal [no description available]	2.21	1	0	medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde	human urinary metabolite
strophanthidin Strophanthidin: 3 beta,5,14-Trihydroxy-19-oxo-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. The aglycone cardioactive agent isolated from Strophanthus Kombe, S. gratus and other species; it is a very toxic material formerly used as digitalis. Synonyms: Apocymarin; Corchorin; Cynotoxin; Corchorgenin.	3.21	6	0	14beta-hydroxy steroid; 19-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; cardenolides; steroid aldehyde
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	5.17	49	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
ficusin Ficusin: A naturally occurring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.. psoralen : The simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia.	2.03	1	0	psoralens	plant metabolite
egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.	6.59	201	0	diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
barbituric acid barbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure from Merck Index, 9th ed, #966. barbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4 and -6 by oxo groups. Barbituric acid is the parent compound of barbiturate drugs, although it is not itself pharmacologically active.	2.15	1	0	barbiturates	allergen; xenobiotic
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	3.56	9	0	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
fluocinolone acetonide Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders.	2.35	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug
gliotoxin Gliotoxin: A fungal toxin produced by various species of Trichoderma, Gladiocladium fimbriatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium. It is used as an immunosuppressive agent.. gliotoxin : A pyrazinoindole with a disulfide bridge spanning a dioxo-substituted pyrazine ring; mycotoxin produced by several species of fungi.	1.95	1	0	dipeptide; organic disulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound; pyrazinoindole	antifungal agent; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; proteasome inhibitor
sodium citrate, anhydrous Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.	2.42	2	0	organic sodium salt	anticoagulant; flavouring agent
dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.	7.91	4	0	formamides; volatile organic compound	geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent
norethindrone Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.	1.95	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
cycloserine Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).	2.35	2	0	4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; zwitterion	antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antitubercular agent; metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone.	2.43	2	0	17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; progestin
chlorisondamine Chlorisondamine: A nicotinic antagonist used primarily as a ganglionic blocker in animal research. It has been used as an antihypertensive agent but has been supplanted by more specific drugs in most clinical applications.	1.95	1	0	isoindoles
tubercidin Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.. tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.	2.64	3	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; ribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	1.99	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
mannitol [no description available]	5.37	23	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
cytarabine [no description available]	2.65	3	0	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
dithionitrobenzoic acid Dithionitrobenzoic Acid: A standard reagent for the determination of reactive sulfhydryl groups by absorbance measurements. It is used primarily for the determination of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in proteins. The color produced is due to the formation of a thio anion, 3-carboxyl-4-nitrothiophenolate.. dithionitrobenzoic acid : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid. An indicator used to quantify the number or concentration of thiol groups.	4.52	25	0	nitrobenzoic acid; organic disulfide	indicator
phenacyl bromide phenacyl bromide: structure. phenacyl bromide : An alpha-bromoketone that is acetophenone substituted by a bromo group at position 2.	1.97	1	0	acetophenones; alpha-bromoketone	metabolite
ornithine Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.	9.88	36	0	non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; ornithine	algal metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; mouse metabolite
asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.	4.85	34	0	amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	8.88	179	0	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-pentanol n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia.	2.89	4	0	pentanol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; plant metabolite
1,1,1-trichloroethane Trichloroethanes: Chlorinated ethanes which are used extensively as industrial solvents. They have been utilized in numerous home-use products including spot remover preparations and inhalant decongestant sprays. These compounds cause central nervous system and cardiovascular depression and are hepatotoxic. Include 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-isomers.. 1,1,1-trichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes carrying three chloro substituents at position 1.	3.51	1	0	chloroethanes	polar solvent
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	4.64	28	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.	5.21	50	0	amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mestranol [no description available]	1.95	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; aromatic ether; terminal acetylenic compound	prodrug; xenoestrogen
dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane: An organochlorine insecticide that is slightly irritating to the skin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed, p482)	1.95	1	0	chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	xenobiotic metabolite
cordycepin [no description available]	2.68	3	0	3'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines	antimetabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	6.91	93	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucine Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.	9.03	15	0	aspartate family amino acid; isoleucine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	7.28	134	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
ethane Ethane: A two carbon alkane with the formula H3C-CH3.. ethane : An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms.	2.35	2	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	plant metabolite; refrigerant
ethylene Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges	3.39	7	0	alkene; gas molecular entity	plant hormone; refrigerant
acetylene [no description available]	8.08	5	0	alkyne; gas molecular entity; terminal acetylenic compound
methyl chloride Methyl Chloride: A hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent. It has been used as an aerosal propellent, as a refrigerant and as a local anesthetic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p1403). chlorocarbon : Compounds consisting wholly of chlorine and carbon.. chloromethane : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a chloro group.	2.34	2	0	chloromethanes; methyl halides	marine metabolite; mutagen; refrigerant
methyl iodide methyl iodide: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd with MF of CH3-I. iodomethane : A member of the class of iodomethanes that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by iodine.	2.15	1	0	iodomethanes; methyl halides	fumigant insecticide
methylamine methyl group : An alkyl group that is the univalent group derived from methane by removal of a hydrogen atom.	1.95	1	0	methylamines; one-carbon compound; primary aliphatic amine	mouse metabolite
boranes Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron.	7.94	4	0	boranes; mononuclear parent hydride
propane Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3.	9.47	7	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	food propellant
methylacetylene methylacetylene: structure	2.05	1	0	alkyne; gas molecular entity; terminal acetylenic compound
vinyl chloride Vinyl Chloride: A gas that has been used as an aerosol propellant and is the starting material for polyvinyl resins. Toxicity studies have shown various adverse effects, particularly the occurrence of liver neoplasms.. chloroethene : A monohaloethene that is ethene in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a chloro group.	5.03	5	0	chloroethenes; gas molecular entity; monohaloethene	carcinogenic agent
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	8.55	8	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
methylene chloride Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.	4.3	3	0	chloromethanes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant
carbon disulfide Carbon Disulfide: A colorless, flammable, poisonous liquid, CS2. It is used as a solvent, and is a counterirritant and has local anesthetic properties but is not used as such. It is highly toxic with pronounced CNS, hematologic, and dermatologic effects.	3.96	4	0	one-carbon compound; organosulfur compound
formaldoxime formaldoxime: structure in first source. nitrone : A nitrogen ylide obtained by oxygenation of any imine.	6.93	1	0
2-bromopropane 2-bromopropane: used as a substitute for freon	7.31	1	0
vinylidene chloride vinylidene chloride: potent hepatotoxin. 1,1-dichloroethene : A member of the class of chloroethenes that is ethene in which both of the hydrogens attached to one of the carbons are replaced by chlorines.	3.12	1	0	chloroethenes	carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite; mutagen
propylene oxide propylene oxide: structure. 1,2-epoxypropane : An epoxide that is oxirane substituted by a methyl group at position 2.	3.12	1	0	epoxide
tetramethylammonium tetramethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. tetramethylammonium : The simplest quaternary ammonium cation, comprising a central nitrogen linked to four methyl groups.	2.42	2	0	quaternary ammonium ion
tert-butyl alcohol tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.	2.03	1	0	tertiary alcohol	human xenobiotic metabolite
tert-butylhydroperoxide tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.	3.41	7	0	alkyl hydroperoxide	antibacterial agent; oxidising agent
trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.	3.46	8	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite
trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.	3.12	5	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; reagent
triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.	1.95	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
bromthymol blue Bromthymol Blue: A pH sensitive dye that has been used as an indicator in many laboratory reactions.. bromothymol blue : A member of the class of 2,1-benzoxathioles that is 2,1-benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2-methylphenyl groups.	2.02	1	0	2,1-benzoxathiole; arenesulfonate ester; organobromine compound; polyphenol; sultone	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
gibberellic acid gibberellic acid: RN given refers to (1alpha,2beta,4aalpha,4bbeta,10beta)-isomer; structure. gibberellin A3 : A C19-gibberellin that is a pentacyclic diterpenoid responsible for promoting growth and elongation of cells in plants. Initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi,it differs from gibberellin A1 in the presence of a double bond between C-3 and C-4.	7.4	2	0	C19-gibberellin; gibberellin monocarboxylic acid; lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	9.33	109	1	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
dimethyl sulfate dimethyl sulfate: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. dimethyl sulfate : The dimethyl ester of sulfuric acid.	2.68	3	0	alkyl sulfate	alkylating agent; immunosuppressive agent
tabun tabun: proposed as military nerve gas and exptl cholinesterase inhibitor; extremely poisonous; structure	1.96	1	0
tromethamine Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)	7.45	38	0	primary amino compound; triol	buffer
tetraethyl lead Tetraethyl Lead: A highly toxic compound used as a gasoline additive. It causes acute toxic psychosis or chronic poisoning if inhaled or absorbed through the skin.. tetraethyllead : An organolead compound consisting of four ethyl groups joined to a central lead atom.	1.95	1	0	organolead compound
3-mercaptopropionic acid 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid: An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase. It decreases the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID concentration in the brain, thereby causing convulsions.. 3-mercaptopropanoic acid : A mercaptopropanoic acid that is propanoic acid carrying a sulfanyl group at position 3.	3.36	6	0	mercaptopropanoic acid	algal metabolite
tetraethoxysilane [no description available]	2.13	1	0
tri-o-cresyl phosphate tri-o-cresyl phosphate: see also related IMOL S-140	1.98	1	0
triethyl phosphate triethyl phosphate: structure. triethyl phosphate : A trialkyl phosphate that is the triethy ester derivative of phosphoric acid.	2.03	1	0	trialkyl phosphate
isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.	3.74	11	0	alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound	plant metabolite
isobutyraldehyde isobutyraldehyde : A member of the class of propanals that is propanal substituted by a methyl group at position 2.	7.44	2	0	2-methyl-branched fatty aldehyde; propanals	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1,2-diaminopropane 1,2-diaminopropane: RN given for parent cpd without isomeric designation. propylenediamine : A diamine that is propane substituted by amino groups at positions 1 and 2. Propylenediamine is commonly used as a bidentate ligand in the formation of coordination complexes.	2.45	2	0	diamine	ligand
trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.	3.37	7	0	chloroethenes	inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite
acrylamide [no description available]	2.44	2	0	acrylamides; N-acylammonia; primary carboxamide	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; Maillard reaction product; mutagen; neurotoxin
acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.	10.58	4	1	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
peracetic acid Peracetic Acid: A liquid that functions as a strong oxidizing agent. It has an acrid odor and is used as a disinfectant.. peracetic acid : A peroxy acid that is acetic acid in which the OH group is substituted by a hydroperoxy group. It is a versatile oxidising agent that is used as a disinfectant.	7.95	4	0	a peroxy acid	disinfectant; oxidising agent
dichloroacetic acid [no description available]	1.97	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	astringent; marine metabolite
pempidine Pempidine: A nicotinic antagonist most commonly used as an experimental tool. It has been used as a ganglionic blocker in the treatment of hypertension but has largely been supplanted for that purpose by more specific drugs.	1.94	1	0	piperidines
pantothenic acid Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration.	6.38	7	2	pantothenic acid; vitamin B5	antidote to curare poisoning; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite
tetrabromobisphenol a tetrabromobisphenol A: a brominated flame retardant. 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A : A bromobisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups and the phenyl rings are substituted by bromo groups at positions 2, 2', 6 and 6'. It is a brominated flame retardant.	2.31	1	0	brominated flame retardant; bromobisphenol
bisphenol a 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.	4.11	13	0	bisphenol	endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic; xenoestrogen
cumene hydroperoxide cumene hydroperoxide: RN given refers to parent cpd. cumene hydroperoxide : A peroxol that is cumene in which the alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a hydroperoxy group.	2.69	3	0	peroxol	environmental contaminant; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; oxidising agent
taurocholic acid Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.	3.46	8	0	amino sulfonic acid; bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite
rhodamine b rhodamine B: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7973; TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE was see RHODAMINES 1975-93; use RHODAMINES to search TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE 1975-93. rhodamine B : An organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome.	6.37	6	1	organic chloride salt; xanthene dye	fluorescent probe; fluorochrome; histological dye
acenaphthene [no description available]	7.41	2	0	acenaphthenes
skatole [no description available]	1.99	1	0	methylindole	human metabolite; mammalian metabolite
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	2.88	4	0	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	5.32	18	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone: request from searcher	1.99	1	0
8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.65	3	0
pyocyanine Pyocyanine: Antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.. pyocyanine : An iminium betaine that is 5-methylphenazin-5-ium which is substituted at position 1 by an oxidanidyl group. An antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	2.66	3	0	iminium betaine; phenazines	antibacterial agent; bacterial metabolite; biological pigment; virulence factor
1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol [no description available]	1.96	1	0
1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid : A naphthoic acid with the carboxy group at position 2 and carrying a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It is a xenobiotic metabolite produced by the biodegradation of phenanthrene by microorganisms.	2.02	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; naphthoic acid; naphthols	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; fungal xenobiotic metabolite
fluorene [no description available]	2.44	2	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
hexamethylbenzene hexamethylbenzene : A methylbenzene that is benzene in which all six hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups.	2.13	1	0	methylbenzene
xylitol xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.	4.78	10	0
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	5.82	6	1	pyrrolidin-2-ones
pyromellitic acid pyromellitic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pyromellitic acid : A tetracarboxylic acid that is benzene substituted by four carboxy groups at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5 respectively.	2.02	1	0	benzoic acids; tetracarboxylic acid
thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.	2.38	2	0	monoterpenoid; phenols	volatile oil component
salicylaldehyde o-hydroxybenzaldehyde: structure in first source	8.44	7	0	hydroxybenzaldehyde	nematicide; plant metabolite
2-anisidine 2-anisidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. o-anisidine : A substituted aniline that is aniline in which the hydrogen ortho to the amino group has been replaced by a methoxy group. It is used as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of azo pigments and dyes.	2	1	0	monomethoxybenzene; primary amino compound; substituted aniline	genotoxin; reagent
1-naphthol 1-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 1.. hydroxynaphthalene : Any member of the class of naphthalenes that is naphthalene carrying one or more hydroxy groups.	2.96	4	0	naphthol	genotoxin; human xenobiotic metabolite
pyrogallol 1,3-dimethyl ether pyrogallol 1,3-dimethyl ether: structure. 2,6-dimethoxyphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 6.	3.27	6	0	dimethoxybenzene; phenols	plant metabolite
decalin decalin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; don't confuse with decaline which has a nitrogen at the juncture of the two rings;. trans-decalin : The trans-stereoisomer of decalin.. decalin : An ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon that is the decahydro- derivative of naphthalene.	2.07	1	0	ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon	solvent
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	3.8	11	0	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
quinoline [no description available]	3.18	5	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinolines
isatin tribulin: endogenous MONOAMINE OXIDASE inhibitory activity extractable into ethyl acetate found in brain and many mammalian tissues and fluids; ISATIN is a major component; produced in excess following alcohol withdrawal;	2.11	1	0	indoledione	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
2-naphthylamine 2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2.	3.77	3	0	naphthylamine	carcinogenic agent
3,3'-diaminobenzidine 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine: A chemically and thermodynamically stable derivative of BENZIDINE.. 3,3'-diaminobenzidine : A member of the class of biphenyls that is benzidine in which one of the hydrogens ortho to each of the amino groups has been replaced by an amino group.	2.89	4	0	biphenyls; substituted aniline	histological dye
diphenyl diphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure	2.73	3	0	aromatic fungicide; benzenes; biphenyls	antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	4.14	16	0	xanthene
phenothiazine 10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.	6.93	1	0	phenothiazine	ferroptosis inhibitor; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
4,4'-dibromobiphenyl 4,4'-dibromobiphenyl: induces drug metabolism enzymes	2.07	1	0
benzidine benzidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzidine : A member of the class of biphenyls that is 1,1'-biphenyl in which the hydrogen at the para-position of each phenyl group has been replaced by an amino group.	2.4	2	0	biphenyls; substituted aniline	carcinogenic agent
veratryl alcohol (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methanol : A member of the class of benzyl alcohols that is benzyl alcohol in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 of the phenyl group are substituted by methoxy groups.	4.6	26	0	benzyl alcohols; dimethoxybenzene; primary alcohol	fungal metabolite
methyl benzoate methyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by condensation of benzoic acid and methanol.	7.6	1	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester	insect attractant; metabolite
propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)	2.92	4	0	benzoate ester; paraben; phenols	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
benzoyl peroxide Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.	2.37	2	0	carbonyl compound
salicylaldoxime [no description available]	3.85	3	0
indene indene: structure in first source. 1H-indene : An ortho-fused bicyclic arene comprising of benzene and cyclopentene rings.	2.03	1	0	indene; ortho-fused bicyclic arene
benzotriazole benzotriazole: inhibitor of atmospheric metal corrosion; also component of motion picture film & Neva brake fluid. benzotriazole : The simplest member of the class of benzotriazoles that consists of a benzene nucleus fused to a 1H-1,2,3-triazole ring.	7.17	1	0	benzotriazoles	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
1,2-diaminobenzene 1,2-diaminobenzene: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,2-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine in which the two amino groups are ortho to each other.	2.48	2	0	phenylenediamine	hydrogen donor
2-chlorophenol chlorophenol : A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded chlorine atoms.	2.01	1	0	2-halophenol; monochlorophenol
2,5-xylenol 2,5-xylenol : A member of the class of phenols that phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 5.	2.13	1	0	phenols	animal metabolite; volatile oil component
1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants for bromine & chlorine moieties	3.06	1	0	organochlorine compound
4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.76	3	0	butan-4-olide	metabolite; neurotoxin
ethylene carbonate [no description available]	2.1	1	0	carbonate ester
soman Soman: An organophosphorus compound that inhibits cholinesterase. It causes seizures and has been used as a chemical warfare agent.	3.22	6	0	phosphonic ester
sulfosalicylic acid 5-sulfosalicylic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by a hydroxy at position C-2 and a sulfo group at C-5.	1.96	1	0	arenesulfonic acid; benzoic acids; phenols	metabolite
phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate: The key substance in the biosynthesis of histidine, tryptophan, and purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.. 5-phosphoribosyl diphosphate : A ribose diphosphate carrying an additional phosphate group at position 5.. 5-O-phosphono-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate : A derivative of alpha-D-ribose having a phosphate group at the 5-position and a diphosphate at the 1-position.	2.38	2	0	5-O-phosphono-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.	2.66	3	0	5-oxoproline; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	algal metabolite
acetophenone acetophenone : A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.	7.46	2	0	acetophenones	animal metabolite; photosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
nitrobenzene nitrobenzene : A nitroarene consisting of benzene carrying a single nitro substituent. An industrial chemical used widely in the production of aniline.	2.02	1	0	nitroarene; nitrobenzenes
3-hydroxybenzoic acid 3-hydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from Taxus baccata. It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of plasticisers, resins, pharmaceuticals, etc.	2	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	bacterial metabolite; plant metabolite
trehalose alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon.	8.78	10	0	trehalose	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-bromophenacyl bromide 4-bromophenacyl bromide: phospholipidase A(2) inhibitor; structure	1.98	1	0
gamma-terpinene gamma-terpinene: RN given refers to gamma-terpinene; structure. gamma-terpinene : One of three isomeric monoterpenes differing in the positions of their two double bonds (alpha- and beta-terpinene being the others). In gamma-terpinene the double bonds are at the 1- and 4-positions of the p-menthane skeleton.	2.01	1	0	cyclohexadiene; monoterpene	antioxidant; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
4-cymene 4-cymene: structure. p-cymene : A monoterpene that is toluene substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4.	2.11	1	0	monoterpene; toluenes	human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
terephthalic acid terephthalic acid: RN given refers to 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid. terephthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid carrying carboxy groups at positions 1 and 4. One of three possible isomers of benzenedicarboxylic acid, the others being phthalic and isophthalic acids.	4.27	5	0	benzenedicarboxylic acid
4-nitrophenetol [no description available]	1.96	1	0
2-diethylaminoethanol 2-diethylaminoethanol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. 2-diethylaminoethanol : A member of the class of ethanolamines that is aminoethanol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by ethyl groups.	2.69	3	0	ethanolamines; primary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
ethylbenzene [no description available]	5.52	4	1	alkylbenzene
styrene Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species.	5.37	10	0	styrenes; vinylarene; volatile organic compound	mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite
benzylamine aminotoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more amino groups.	7.39	2	0	aralkylamine; primary amine	allergen; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
nicotinyl alcohol Nicotinyl Alcohol: Alcohol analog of NICOTINIC ACID which is a direct-acting peripheral vasodilator that causes flushing and may decrease blood pressure. It is used in vasospasm and threatened GANGRENE.. 3-pyridinemethanol : A member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine which is substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at position 3 .	2.05	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; pyridines	antilipemic drug; vasodilator agent
anisole anisole : A monomethoxybenzene that is benzene substituted by a methoxy group.	1.97	1	0	monomethoxybenzene	plant metabolite
methylphenylsulfide thioanisole : An aryl sulfide that is thiophenol in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a methyl group.	3.02	4	0	aryl sulfide; benzenes
triethanolamine triethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triethanolamine : A tertiary amino compound that is ammonia in which each of the hydrogens is substituted by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.	2.45	2	0	amino alcohol; tertiary amino compound; triol	buffer; surfactant
diethyl malonate diethyl malonate: isomer of diethylmalonic acid; one of most used compounds in drug synthesis, don't confuse with ethylmalonic acid	7.46	2	0	dicarboxylic acid
citronellal citronellal: aldehyde of citronellol; found in citronella oil. citronellal : A monoterpenoid, the main component of citronella oil which gives it its distinctive lemon aroma.	2.11	1	0	aldehyde; monoterpenoid	antifungal agent; metabolite
4-xylene p-xylene : A xylene with methyl groups at positions 1 and 4.	3.18	1	0	xylene
4-phenylenediamine 4-phenylenediamine: agent hair dye responsible for contact dermatitis; RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,4-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine in which the amino functions are at positions 1 and 4 of the benzene nucleus.	2.52	2	0	phenylenediamine	allergen; dye; hapten; reagent
ethylene dibromide Ethylene Dibromide: An effective soil fumigant, insecticide, and nematocide. In humans, it causes severe burning of skin and irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. Prolonged inhalation may cause liver necrosis. It is also used in gasoline. Members of this group have caused liver and lung cancers in rodents. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), 1,2-dibromoethane may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen.. 1,2-dibromoethane : A bromoalkane that is ethane carrying bromo substituents at positions 1 and 2. It is produced by marine algae.	3.06	1	0	bromoalkane; bromohydrocarbon	algal metabolite; carcinogenic agent; fumigant; marine metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen
1-bromopropane 1-bromopropane: used as a solvent. 1-bromopropane : A bromoalkane that is propane carrying a bromo substituent at position 1.	2.11	1	0	bromoalkane; bromohydrocarbon	neurotoxin; solvent
butane butane : A straight chain alkane composed of 4 carbon atoms.	2.46	2	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	food propellant; refrigerant
acrolein [no description available]	2.01	1	0	enal	herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin
allyl alcohol allyl alcohol: structure. allylic alcohol : An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.).. allyl alcohol : A propenol in which the C=C bond connects C-2 and C-3. It is has been found in garlic (Allium sativum). Formerly used as a herbicide for the control of various grass and weed seeds.	2.73	3	0	primary allylic alcohol; propenol	antibacterial agent; fungicide; herbicide; insecticide; plant metabolite
glyoxal [no description available]	8.22	6	0	dialdehyde	agrochemical; allergen; pesticide; plant growth regulator
isethionic acid Isethionic Acid: A colorless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.. isethionic acid : An alkanesulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is directly linked to a 2-hydroxyethyl group.	1.96	1	0	alkanesulfonic acid	human metabolite
2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.	2.02	1	0	alkane
3-hydroxybutanal [no description available]	2.05	1	0
vinyl acetate [no description available]	3.12	1	0	acetate ester
methyl isobutyl ketone [no description available]	1.98	1	0	ketone
succinic anhydride [no description available]	1.97	1	0	cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; tetrahydrofurandione
3-xylene m-xylene : A xylene carrying methyl groups at positions 1 and 3.	2.08	1	0	xylene
melamine melamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. melamine : A trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton.	2.11	1	0	triamino-1,3,5-triazine	xenobiotic metabolite
methylcyclohexane methylcyclohexane: structure in first source. methylcyclohexane : A cycloalkane that is cyclohexane substituted by a single methyl group.	2.05	1	0	cycloalkane; volatile organic compound	aprotic solvent; human metabolite; plant metabolite
chlorobenzene [no description available]	7.75	3	0	monochlorobenzenes	solvent
cyclohexanol Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.	2.67	3	0	cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol	solvent
2-aminopyrimidine pyrimidin-2-amine : An aminopyrimidine carrying an amino group at position 2.. aminopyrimidine : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine substituted by at least one amino group and its derivatives.	2.03	1	0	aminopyrimidine
pentane Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms.	2.44	2	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent; refrigerant
diethylamine [no description available]	1.99	1	0	secondary aliphatic amine
vinyl ether vinyl ether: major descriptor (65-85); on-line search VINYL COMPOUNDS (66-85); Index Medicus search VINYL ETHER (65-85)	2.69	3	0	ether
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	9.43	22	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
tetrahydrofuran oxolane : A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen.	7.78	3	0	cyclic ether; oxolanes; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; volatile organic compound	polar aprotic solvent
furan furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.	2.15	1	0	furans; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; Maillard reaction product
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	3.49	8	0	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide [no description available]	2.25	1	0
cyclohexane Cyclohexane: C6H12. cyclohexane : An alicyclic hydrocarbon comprising a ring of six carbon atoms; the cyclic form of hexane, used as a raw material in the manufacture of nylon.	7.47	2	0	cycloalkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
cyclohexene cyclohexene : A cycloalkene that is cylohexane with a single double bond.	2.02	1	0	cycloalkene
piperidine [no description available]	2.54	2	0	azacycloalkane; piperidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; secondary amine	base; catalyst; human metabolite; non-polar solvent; plant metabolite; protic solvent; reagent
morpholine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	morpholines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	NMR chemical shift reference compound
diisopropanolamine diisopropanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. diisopropanolamine : A secondary amino compound that is diethanolamine substituted by methyl groups at positions 1 and 1'. It is a versatile chemical used in a variety of personal care, cosmetic and industrial products.	2	1	0	aminodiol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	buffer; emulsifier; surfactant
squalane [no description available]	2.03	1	0
1-hexanol 1-hexanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. hexanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.. hexan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.	2.48	2	0	hexanol; primary alcohol	alarm pheromone; antibacterial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite
n-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0
diethanolamine diethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. diethanolamine : A member of the class of ethanolamines that is ethanolamine having a N-hydroxyethyl substituent.	2.07	1	0	ethanolamines	human xenobiotic metabolite
octylamine octylamine: RN given refers to 1-octylamine. octan-1-amine : An 8-carbon primary aliphatic amine.	2.07	1	0	primary aliphatic amine	metabolite
dodecyltrimethylammonium dodecyltrimethylammonium: used to determine thermal stability of DNA; RN given refers to parent cpd. dodecyltrimethylammonium ion : A quarternary ammonium cation having one dodecyl and three methyl substituents around the central nitrogen.	1.93	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
n,n-dimethyl-1-dodecanamine N,N-dimethyl-1-dodecanamine: increases body weight & feed efficiency in animals; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.01	1	0
behenic acid behenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. docosanoic acid : A straight-chain, C22, long-chain saturated fatty acid.	2.05	1	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	plant metabolite
ergotamine Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.	1.96	1	0	peptide ergot alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; mycotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; oxytocic; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
estradiol dipropionate estradiol dipropionate: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemline 7/83	7.35	2	0	steroid ester
phenformin Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.	2.36	2	0	biguanides	antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
bromphenol blue Bromphenol Blue: A dye that has been used as an industrial dye, a laboratory indicator, and a biological stain.. bromophenol blue : 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. It is used as a laboratory indicator, changing from yellow below pH 3 to purple at pH 4.6, and as a size marker for monitoring the progress of agarose gel and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It has also been used as an industrial dye.	2.21	1	0	2,1-benzoxathiole; arenesulfonate ester; organobromine compound; phenols; sultone	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
pentaerythritol pentaerythritol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6904. pentaerythritol : A tetrol that is neopentane in which one of the methyl hydrogens of all four methyl groups are replaced by hydroxy groups. It is a chemical intermediate used in the production of explosives, plastics, paints, appliances, and cosmetics.	2.04	1	0	primary alcohol; tetrol	flame retardant; laxative
diethylhexyl phthalate Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	3.35	1	0	diester; phthalate ester	androstane receptor agonist; apoptosis inhibitor; plasticiser
hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.	7.41	2	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorobenzenes	antifungal agrochemical; carcinogenic agent; persistent organic pollutant
chloranil Chloranil: A quinone fungicide used for treatment of seeds and foliage.. tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquiones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which all four hydrogens are substituted by chlorines.	2.06	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; organochlorine compound	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; metabolite
2'-hydroxyacetophenone 2-acetylphenol : A monohydroxyacetophenone that is acetophenone in which one of the hydrogens ortho to the acetyl group has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.44	2	0	monohydroxyacetophenone; phenols	flavouring agent
trinitrotoluene Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.	7.46	2	0	trinitrotoluene	explosive
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	7.48	13	2	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) [no description available]	2.02	1	0	diarylmethane
benzoin [no description available]	1.99	1	0	benzoins; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor
dianisidine Dianisidine: Highly toxic compound which can cause skin irritation and sensitization. It is used in manufacture of azo dyes.	2.38	2	0	biphenyls
anthracene acene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.. acenes : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement and their substitution derivatives.	3.1	5	0	acene; anthracenes; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
2,4-dichlorophenol 2,4-dichlorophenol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent+ cpd; structure. 2,4-dichlorophenol : A dichlorophenol that is phenol carrying chloro substituents at positions 2 and 4.	8.26	6	0	dichlorophenol
vanillic acid Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.	2.07	1	0	methoxybenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid	plant metabolite
1,4-naphthoquinone naphthoquinone : A polycyclic aromatic ketone metabolite of naphthalene.. 1,4-naphthoquinone : The parent structure of the family of 1,4-naphthoquinones, in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 4 of the naphthalene ring. Derivatives have pharmacological properties.	2.21	1	0	1,4-naphthoquinones
meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.	11.94	9	1	hexosamine; secondary amino compound
indolebutyric acid indolebutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. indole-3-butyric acid : A indol-3-yl carboxylic acid that is butanoic acid carrying a 1H-indol-3-yl substituent at position 1.	2.05	1	0	indol-3-yl carboxylic acid	auxin; plant hormone; plant metabolite
uridine diphosphate glucose Uridine Diphosphate Glucose: A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.. UDP-alpha-D-glucose : The alpha-anomer of UDP-alpha-D-glucose. It is used in nucleotide sugars metabolism.	4.54	25	0	UDP-D-glucose	fundamental metabolite
benzil benzil: structure. benzil : An alpha-diketone that is ethane-1,2-dione substituted by phenyl groups at positions 1 and 2 respectively.	2.05	1	0	alpha-diketone; aromatic ketone
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	8.54	8	0	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
oxythiamine Oxythiamine: Thiamine antagonist, antimetabolite.. oxythiamine(1+) : A 1,3-thiazolium cation that is 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazole alkylated at the N3 position by a (2-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyrimidin-5-yl)methyl group.	1.95	1	0	1,3-thiazolium cation	antimetabolite; vitamin B1 antagonist
shikimic acid Shikimic Acid: A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid important in biosynthesis of so many compounds that the shikimate pathway is named after it.. shikimic acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms.	2.01	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nitrilotriacetic acid Nitrilotriacetic Acid: A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.)	3.69	10	0	NTA; tricarboxylic acid	carcinogenic agent; nephrotoxic agent
n,n-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine: RN given refers to parent cpd. N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine : A bicine that is a Good's buffer substance, pKa = 8.35 at 20 degreeC.	2.06	1	0	bicine
protocatechualdehyde protocatechualdehyde: found in wheat grains, wheat seedlings, & other plants; RN given refers to parent cpd; see also rancinamycins; structure	2.69	3	0	dihydroxybenzaldehyde
n-(hydroxyethyl)ethylenediaminetriacetic acid N-(hydroxyethyl)ethylenediaminetriacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.09	5	0
diphenylcarbazide Diphenylcarbazide: Used as an indicator in titrating iron and for the colorimetric determination of chromium and the detection of cadmium, mercury, magnesium, aldehydes, and emetine.	8.7	10	0	phenylhydrazines
ethyl acetate ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.	2.06	1	0	acetate ester; ethyl ester; volatile organic compound	EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; metabolite; polar aprotic solvent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1,3-dichloropropane 1,3-dichloropropane : A chloroalkane that is propane in which a hydrogen from each of the terminal methyl groups has been replaced by a chlorine.	1.98	1	0	chloroalkane; chlorohydrocarbon	environmental contaminant; nematicide
hexanoic acid hexanoic acid : A C6, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	7.04	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human metabolite; plant metabolite
cupric acetate [no description available]	2.02	1	0
iminodiacetic acid iminodiacetic acid: used as hepatobiliary imaging agent when labeled with Tc; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. iminodiacetic acid : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a carboxymethyl group.	4.02	4	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; glycine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	chelator
lauryl methacrylate dodecyl methacrylate: monomer unit of various acrylate polymers used to form gels,plastics and some biocompatible materials; structure in first source	2.11	1	0
sodium cyanide Sodium Cyanide: A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.. sodium cyanide : A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions.	3.23	6	0	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; sodium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor
tetraphenylborate Tetraphenylborate: An anionic compound that is used as a reagent for determination of potassium, ammonium, rubidium, and cesium ions. It also uncouples oxidative phosphorylation and forms complexes with biological materials, and is used in biological assays.	7.91	4	0
pregnenolone [no description available]	2.65	3	0	20-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; C21-steroid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.	2.67	3	0	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
3-o-methylglucose 3-O-Methylglucose: A non-metabolizable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase. 3-O-Methylglucose is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems. (J Neurochem 1993;60(4):1498-504). 3-O-methyl-D-glucose : A D-aldohexose that is D-glucose in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group at position 3 has been substituted by a methyl group. It is a non-metabolisable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase and is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems.	2.37	2	0	D-aldohexose derivative
2-chloroadenosine 5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first source	2.66	3	0	purine nucleoside
ditiocarb Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.	3.08	5	0	dithiocarbamic acids	chelator; copper chelator
2-vanillin ortho-vanillin : A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is salicylaldehyde substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.	2.47	2	0	benzaldehydes; guaiacols	antimutagen; plant metabolite
1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid disodium salt 1,2-Dihydroxybenzene-3,5-Disulfonic Acid Disodium Salt: A colorimetric reagent for iron, manganese, titanium, molybdenum, and complexes of zirconium. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.42	2	0	organic molecular entity
potassium cyanide [no description available]	3.98	14	0	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; potassium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; neurotoxin
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	3.67	9	0	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
thiamine pyrophosphate Thiamine Pyrophosphate: The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.. thiamine(1+) diphosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) diphosphate.	4.69	30	0	organic chloride salt; vitamin B1
fluoranthene fluoranthene: structure. fluoranthene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a naphthalene and benzene unit connected by a five-membered ring.	2.06	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	2.73	3	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.	5.25	17	0	acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	genotoxin
indazoles Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.	5.43	4	1	indazole
benzofuran benzofuran: RN & structure given in first source. 1-benzofuran : A benzofuran consisting of fused benzene and furan rings. It is the parent compound of the class of 1-benzofurans.	2.44	2	0	1-benzofurans; benzofuran
triethylenediamine triethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triethylenediamine : An organic heterobicylic compound that is piperazine with an ethane-1,2-diyl group forming a bridge between N1 and N4. It is typically used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions.	1.97	1	0	bridged compound; diamine; saturated organic heterobicyclic parent; tertiary amino compound	antioxidant; catalyst; reagent
adamantane Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.	3.14	5	0	adamantanes; polycyclic alkane
norcarane norcarane: structure in first source	7.41	1	0
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	4.87	11	0	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	1.98	1	0	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	3.87	12	0	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	6.88	21	1	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
1,2,4-triazole 1,2,4-triazole: RN given refers to 1H-1,2,4-triazole	7.76	3	0	1,2,4-triazole
pyridazine pyridazine: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	diazine; pyridazines
pyrimidine pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.	2.43	2	0	diazine; pyrimidines	Daphnia magna metabolite
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	3.64	9	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
nitroblue tetrazolium Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.	8.58	9	0	organic cation
triphenyltetrazolium triphenyltetrazolium: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium : An organic cation that is tetrazole carrying three phenyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5.	1.99	1	0	organic cation
methylphenazonium methosulfate Methylphenazonium Methosulfate: Used as an electron carrier in place of the flavine enzyme of Warburg in the hexosemonophosphate system and also in the preparation of SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE.	2.35	2	0	azaheterocycle sulfate salt; phenazines
calcium gluconate [no description available]	7.93	4	0	calcium salt	nutraceutical
ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.	2.05	1	0	phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines	bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
allylisopropylacetamide Allylisopropylacetamide: An allylic compound that acts as a suicide inactivator of CYTOCHROME P450 by covalently binding to its heme moiety or surrounding protein.	1.95	1	0
diiodotyrosine Diiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of MONOIODOTYROSINE. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, diiodotyrosine residues are coupled with other monoiodotyrosine or diiodotyrosine residues to form T4 or T3 thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE).. diiodotyrosine : A dihalogenated L-tyrosine which has two iodo-substituents on the benzyl moiety.. 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine : A diiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying iodo-substituents at positions C-3 and C-5 of the benzyl group. It is an intermediate in the thyroid hormone synthesis.	3.04	5	0	diiodotyrosine; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
muscarine Muscarine: A toxic alkaloid found in Amanita muscaria (fly fungus) and other fungi of the Inocybe species. It is the first parasympathomimetic substance ever studied and causes profound parasympathetic activation that may end in convulsions and death. The specific antidote is atropine.	3.36	7	0	monosaccharide
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	7.63	46	1	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
thiocyanate thiocyanate: RN given refers to parent cpd. thiocyanate : A pseudohalide anion obtained by deprotonation of the thiol group of thiocyanic acid.	3.25	6	0	pseudohalide anion; sulfur molecular entity	human metabolite
benactyzine Benactyzine: A centrally acting muscarinic antagonist. Benactyzine has been used in the treatment of depression and is used in research to investigate the role of cholinergic systems on behavior.	1.95	1	0	diarylmethane
paraoxon [no description available]	2.49	2	0	aryl dialkyl phosphate; organophosphate insecticide	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
hemicholinium 3 Hemicholinium 3: A potent inhibitor of the high affinity uptake system for CHOLINE. It has less effect on the low affinity uptake system. Since choline is one of the components of ACETYLCHOLINE, treatment with hemicholinium can deplete acetylcholine from cholinergic terminals. Hemicholinium 3 is commonly used as a research tool in animal and in vitro experiments.	1.96	1	0
dexamethasone 21-phosphate dexamethasone 21-phosphate: has anti-inflammatory activity. dexamethasone phosphate : A steroid phosphate that is the 21-O-phospho derivative of dexamethasone.	2.41	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; fluorinated steroid; steroid phosphate; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	glucocorticoid receptor agonist
evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.	2.38	2	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
monocrotaline Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.	2.08	1	0	pyrrolizidine alkaloid
aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.	2.35	2	0	mixture	bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug
perfluorooctanoic acid perfluorooctanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. perfluorooctanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated octanoic acid.	2.54	2	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; surfactant; xenobiotic
perfluorodecanoic acid perfluorodecanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated decanoic acid.	2.11	1	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
tetrapropylammonium tetrapropylammonium: more than 12 salts of above cpd in Chemline. tetrapropylammonium : A quarternary ammonium cation with four propyl substituents around the central nitrogen.	1.98	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
aminoimidazole carboxamide Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide : An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.	2.02	1	0	aminoimidazole; monocarboxylic acid amide	mouse metabolite
methysergide Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches.	2.37	2	0	ergoline alkaloid
phenylbenzoquinone phenylbenzoquinone: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.4	2	0
thymidine monophosphate Thymidine Monophosphate: 5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety.. dTMP : The neutral species of thymidine 5'-monophosphate (2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate).	3.07	5	0	thymidine 5'-monophosphate	fundamental metabolite
cuprizone [no description available]	2.11	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
citrulline citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.	3.97	14	0	amino acid zwitterion; citrulline	Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; protective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trifluoroacetic anhydride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
silicon carbide silicon carbide: fibers used for reinforcement of porcelain crowns; a feldspathic body (gingival) porcelain; used to coat titanium hip prostheses	2.07	1	0	organosilicon compound
cyanamide Cyanamide: A cyanide compound which has been used as a fertilizer, defoliant and in many manufacturing processes. It often occurs as the calcium salt, sometimes also referred to as cyanamide. The citrated calcium salt is used in the treatment of alcoholism.. cyanamide : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by an amino group.	2.46	2	0	nitrile; one-carbon compound	EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor
lithocholic acid Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.	2.69	3	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
2-aminopurine 2-Aminopurine: A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).. aminopurine : Any purine having at least one amino substituent.. 2-aminopurine : The parent compound of the 2-aminopurines, comprising a purine core carrying an amino substituent at the 2-position.	2.01	1	0	2-aminopurines; nucleobase analogue	antimetabolite
4-methylcatechol [no description available]	2.74	3	0	methylcatechol	antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; hapten; human metabolite; plant metabolite
cyanogen cyanogen: structure. oxalonitrile : A dinitrile that is ethane substituted by two cyano groups.	2.9	2	0	dinitrile; pseudohalogen
hydantoins Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.	6.16	10	1	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
homocystine [no description available]	2.38	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; homocystines	human metabolite
propadiene [no description available]	2.78	3	0	allenes
limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.	11.63	39	0	calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound	antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent
oxamide oxamide: induces hydronephrosis in rat kidneys; structure. oxamide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide of oxalic acid.	2.03	1	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide
hopane hopane: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.02	1	0	terpenoid fundamental parent; triterpene
mesoxalic acid mesoxalic acid: structure	2	1	0	oxo dicarboxylic acid
fusarium Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.	3.94	13	0
boldine [no description available]	7.13	1	0	aporphine alkaloid
plumbagin plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.	2.65	3	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; phenols	anticoagulant; antineoplastic agent; immunological adjuvant; metabolite
cdta CDTA: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.1	5	0	organooxygen compound
phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate Phosphoadenosine Phosphosulfate: 3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate. Key intermediate in the formation by living cells of sulfate esters of phenols, alcohols, steroids, sulfated polysaccharides, and simple esters, such as choline sulfate. It is formed from sulfate ion and ATP in a two-step process. This compound also is an important step in the process of sulfur fixation in plants and microorganisms.. 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate : An adenosine bisphosphate having monophosphate groups at the 3'- and 5'-positions and a sulfo group attached to the phosphate at position 5'.	3.35	7	0	acyl sulfate; adenosine bisphosphate; purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
emetine Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.	1.97	1	0	isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline	antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
reticulin Reticulin: A scleroprotein fibril consisting mostly of type III collagen. Reticulin fibrils are extremely thin, with a diameter of between 0.5 and 2 um. They are involved in maintaining the structural integrity in a variety of organs.	1.95	1	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline; isoquinolinol	plant metabolite
ninhydrin Ninhydrin: 2,2-Dihydroxy-1H-indene-1,3-(2H)-dione. Reagent toxic to skin and mucus membranes. It is used in chemical assay for peptide bonds, i.e., protein determinations and has radiosensitizing properties.. ninhydrin : A member of the class of indanones that is indane-1,3-dione bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at position 2.	7.34	2	0	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone; indanones; ketone hydrate	colour indicator; human metabolite
kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.	3.86	12	0	dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist
bufotenin Bufotenin: A hallucinogenic serotonin analog found in frog or toad skins, mushrooms, higher plants, and mammals, especially in the brains, plasma, and urine of schizophrenics. Bufotenin has been used as a tool in CNS studies and misused as a psychedelic.. bufotenin : A tertiary amine that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at position 5.	1.97	1	0	tertiary amine; tryptamine alkaloid	coral metabolite; hallucinogen
thymoquinone thymoquinone: constituent of cedarwood; can cause dermatitis; structure. thymoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-bezoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. It is a natural compound isolated from Nigella sativa which has demonstrated promising chemotherapeutic activity.	7.31	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones	adjuvant; anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite
indoline indoline: structure given in first source	3.24	5	0	indoles
carvacrol carvacrol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1).	2.07	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; p-menthane monoterpenoid; phenols	agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; flavouring agent; TRPA1 channel agonist; volatile oil component
dipicolinic acid dipicolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying two carboxy groups at positions 2 and 6.	3.28	6	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid	bacterial metabolite
indophenol Indophenol: A deep blue dye (with the formula OC6H4NC6H4OH) used to detect AMMONIA in a common test called the Berthelot's reaction and to detect PARACETAMOL by spectrophotometry.. indophenol : A quinone imine obtained by formal condensation of one of the keto groups of benzoquinone with the amino group of 4-hydroxyaniline.	3.65	10	0	quinone imine	dye
alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.	5.6	24	0
thiazolidines Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.	3	4	0	thiazolidine
mustard gas Mustard Gas: Severe irritant and vesicant of skin, eyes, and lungs. It may cause blindness and lethal lung edema and was formerly used as a war gas. The substance has been proposed as a cytostatic and for treatment of psoriasis. It has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985) (Merck, 11th ed).. bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide : An ethyl sulfide that is diethyl sulfide in which a hydrogen from each of the terminal methyl groups is replaced by a chlorine. It is a powerful vesicant regulated under the Chemical Weapons Convention.	1.98	1	0	ethyl sulfide; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; vesicant
cyanogen bromide Cyanogen Bromide: Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.	3.35	7	0
tetranitromethane [no description available]	2.68	3	0	organonitrogen compound
dihydroergotamine Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.	1.96	1	0	ergot alkaloid; semisynthetic derivative	dopamine agonist; non-narcotic analgesic; serotonergic agonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
trimethyl phosphate trimethyl phosphate: request from searcher; structure. trimethyl phosphate : A trialkyl phosphate that is the trimethyl ester of phosphoric acid.	2.15	1	0	trialkyl phosphate	insect attractant; NMR chemical shift reference compound
echothiophate iodide Echothiophate Iodide: A potent, long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used as a miotic in the treatment of glaucoma.. ecothiopate iodide : The iodide salt of ecothiopate. An irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, it is used an ocular antihypertensive in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma, particularly when other drugs have proved inadequate.	1.96	1	0	iodide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	antiglaucoma drug; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
hematoxylin Hematoxylin: A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink.	1.97	1	0	organic heterotetracyclic compound; oxacycle; polyphenol; tertiary alcohol	histological dye; plant metabolite
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.	2.08	1	0	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.03	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside	mutagen
dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.	2.64	3	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
luminol Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.	7.99	4	0
flavone flavone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure given in first source. flavone : The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2.	7.31	1	0	flavones	metabolite; nematicide
gluconic acid gluconic acid: zinc gluconate has anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; all RRs refers to (D)-isomer unless otherwise noted. ketogluconic acid : A gluconic acid that contains a ketonic carbonyl group.. D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid having D-configuration.	2.74	3	0	gluconic acid	chelator; Penicillium metabolite
copper gluconate Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.	3.85	12	0	organic molecular entity
azomycin azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure	2.31	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles	antitubercular agent
uridine diphosphate n-acetylglucosamine Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine: Serves as the biological precursor of insect chitin, of muramic acid in bacterial cell walls, and of sialic acids in mammalian glycoproteins.	4.16	17	0
cellobiose beta-cellobiose : A cellobiose with beta configuration at the reducing-end glucose residue.	2.8	3	0	cellobiose	epitope
syringic acid syringic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in third source. syringic acid : A dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid.	2.03	1	0	benzoic acids; dimethoxybenzene; phenols	plant metabolite
coumarin-3-carboxylic acid coumarin-3-carboxylic acid: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0	coumarins
mandelonitrile, (+-)-isomer [no description available]	2.08	1	0	cyanohydrin
thiamine monophosphate Thiamine Monophosphate: Thiamine dihydrogen phosphate ester. The monophosphate ester of thiamine. Synonyms: monophosphothiamine; vitamin B1 monophosphate.. thiamine(1+) monophosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) monophosphate.	2.03	1	0	organic chloride salt; vitamin B1
tropolone Tropolone: A seven-membered aromatic ring compound. It is structurally related to a number of naturally occurring antifungal compounds (ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS).. tropolone : A cyclic ketone that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is a toxin produced by the agricultural pathogen Burkholderia plantarii.	2.92	4	0	alpha-hydroxy ketone; cyclic ketone; enol	bacterial metabolite; fungicide; toxin
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol : A hydroxytoluene that is o-cresol carrying nitro substituents at positions 4 and 6.	2.34	2	0	dinitrophenol acaricide; hydroxytoluene; nitrotoluene	dinitrophenol insecticide; fungicide; herbicide
methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.	8.83	3	0	amphetamines; secondary amine	central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic
dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide : A carbodiimide compound having a cyclohexyl substituent on both nitrogen atoms.	3.76	11	0	carbodiimide	ATP synthase inhibitor; cross-linking reagent; peptide coupling reagent
1,2-dichloroethylene 1,2-dichloroethylene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.02	1	0	chloroethenes
uranyl acetate uranyl acetate: used after fixation in uranaffin procedure; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.96	1	0
maleimide [no description available]	2.11	1	0	dicarboximide; maleimides	EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	13.42	66	2	dialdehyde	biomarker
cadmium acetate cadmium acetate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.15	1	0
myristic acid Myristic Acid: A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed). tetradecanoic acid : A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat.. tetradecanoate : A long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of myristic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.72	3	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite
n-hexadecane n-hexadecane: structure. hexadecane : A straight-chain alkane with 16 carbon atoms. It is a component of essential oil isolated from long pepper.	2.38	2	0	long-chain alkane	non-polar solvent; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
magnesium carbonate magnesium carbonate: RN given refers to parent cpd (1:1). magnesium carbonate : A magnesium salt with formula CMgO3. Its hydrated forms, particularly the di-, tri-, and tetrahydrates occur as minerals.	2.11	1	0	carbonate salt; magnesium salt; one-carbon compound; organic magnesium salt	antacid; fertilizer
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.68	3	0	arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound	epitope; explosive; reagent
eosine yellowish-(ys) Eosine Yellowish-(YS): A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.. eosin YS dye : An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.	2.07	1	0	organic sodium salt; organobromine compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
lucanthone hydrochloride Schistosomicides: Agents that act systemically to kill adult schistosomes.	2.13	1	0
gentian violet Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.	2.41	1	0	organic chloride salt	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antiseptic drug; histological dye
resazurin resazurin: used as indicator in detection of hyposulfite (sulfoxylate); in food research (reductase test); structure	1.95	1	0	phenoxazine
1-naphthylisothiocyanate 1-Naphthylisothiocyanate: A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage.	3.05	1	0	isothiocyanate	insecticide
hematoporphyrin Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.	3.97	4	0
neutral red Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.	3.12	5	0	hydrochloride	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
4,4'-bipyridyl 4,4'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-4 and C-4'.	2.52	2	0	bipyridine
4-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate 4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate: A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology.	3.21	6	0	arenesulfonic acid; arylmercury compound
trimesic acid trimesic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that consists of benzene substituted by carboxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 5.	2.46	2	0	benzoic acids; tricarboxylic acid
glycyl-glycyl-glycine glycyl-glycyl-glycine : A tripeptide in which three glycine units are linked via peptide bonds in a linear sequence.	2.07	1	0	tripeptide zwitterion; tripeptide
glycylglycine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	human metabolite
siderite ferrous carbonate : A carbonate salt in which the counter-ion is iron in the +2 oxidation state.	3.01	4	0	carbonate mineral; carbonate salt; iron molecular entity; one-carbon compound
diepoxybutane diepoxybutane: difunctional alkylating agent; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure	2.37	2	0	epoxide	mutagen
6-methylsalicylic acid 6-methylsalicylic acid: structure. 6-methylsalicylic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen ortho to the carboxylic acid group is substituted by a methyl group.	1.96	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	Penicillium metabolite; plant metabolite
malachite green malachite green: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. malachite green : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of malachite green cation. Used as a green-coloured dye, as a counter-stain in histology, and for its anti-fungal properties in aquaculture.	7.61	2	0	organic chloride salt	antibacterial agent; antifungal drug; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; fluorochrome; histological dye; teratogenic agent
congo red Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.. Congo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0.	3.26	6	0	bis(azo) compound
2,6-xylenol [no description available]	2.21	1	0	hydroxytoluene
docusate Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid: All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt.	2.01	1	0	diester; organosulfonic acid
3-hydroxyflavone 3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.	2.79	3	0	flavonols; monohydroxyflavone
phenarsazine chloride phenarsazine chloride: extremely irritating & poisonous; used as a war gas; structure	2.02	1	0
2-benzoquinone 2-benzoquinone: reacts with methionines of RNAase at pH 1; reagent for determining conformational differences in related proteins. 1,2-benzoquinone : A benzoquinone resulting from the formal oxidation of catechol.	2.03	1	0	1,2-benzoquinones; benzoquinone
alpha-hydroxy-gamma-methylmercaptobutyric acid alpha-hydroxy-gamma-methylmercaptobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.11	1	0	thia fatty acid
potassium carbonate potassium carbonate : A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of carbonic acid.	2.13	1	0	carbonate salt; potassium salt	catalyst; fertilizer; flame retardant
diphenylamine Diphenylamine: In humans it may be irritating to mucous membranes. Methemoglobinemia has been produced experimentally. In veterinary use, it is one of active ingredients in topical agents for prevention and treatment of screwworm infestation. An indicator in tests for nitrate poisoning.. diphenylamine : An aromatic amine containing two phenyl substituents. It has been used as a fungicide for the treatment of superficial scald in apples and pears, but is no longer approved for this purpose within the European Union.	7.45	2	0	aromatic amine; bridged diphenyl fungicide; secondary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; antioxidant; carotogenesis inhibitor; EC 1.3.99.29 [phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming)] inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
3,5-dimethylpyridine [no description available]	2.11	1	0
3,5-dichlorophenol 3,5-dichlorophenol : A dichlorophenol in which the two chloro substituents are located at positions 3 and 5.	2.01	1	0	dichlorophenol
iodobenzene iodobenzene: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	2.07	1	0
methyl n-butyl ketone Methyl n-Butyl Ketone: An industrial solvent which causes nervous system degeneration. MBK is an acronym often used to refer to it.. hexanone : A ketone that is a hexane carrying an oxo substituent at unspecified position.	1.98	1	0	ketone
1,3-cyclohexadiene 1,3-cyclohexadiene: structure given in first source	1.96	1	0	cyclohexadiene
dimethyl mercury [no description available]	2.17	1	0	methylmercury compound
manganese carbonate [no description available]	5.12	41	0
1,1-dimethylurea [no description available]	1.93	1	0
triphenylphosphine triphenylphosphine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triphenylphosphine : A member of the class of tertiary phosphines that is phosphane in which the three hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.	2.52	2	0	benzenes; tertiary phosphine	NMR chemical shift reference compound; reducing agent
alpha-naphthoflavone alpha-naphthoflavone: inhibits P4501A1 and P4501A2; stimulates some activities of P4503A4. alpha-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the h side of flavone. A synthetic compound, it is an inhibitor of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14).	1.96	1	0	extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
toyocamycin Toyocamycin: 4-Amino-5-cyano-7-(D-ribofuranosyl)-7H- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from Streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry.. toyocamycin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the pyrrolopyrimidine moiety has been replaced by a cyano group.	1.95	1	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; nitrile; ribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite
galactitol [no description available]	1.94	1	0	hexitol	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
methyl carbonate methyl carbonate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure. dimethyl carbonate : A carbonate ester that is carbonic acid in which both hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups. A flammable, colourless liquid (m.p. 2-4degreeC, b.p. 90degreeC) with a characterstic ester-like odour, it is used as a 'green' methylating agent and as a solvent.	2.1	1	0	carbonate ester	reagent; solvent
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	5.6	22	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
chorismic acid Chorismic Acid: A cyclohexadiene carboxylic acid derived from SHIKIMIC ACID and a precursor for the biosynthesis of UBIQUINONE and the AROMATIC AMINO ACIDS.. chorismic acid : The (3R,4R)-stereoisomer of 5-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]-6-hydroxycyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid.	2.38	2	0	5-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]-6-hydroxycyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol [no description available]	2.4	2	0
4-cyanobenzoic acid [no description available]	2.03	1	0
4,4'-bisphenol f 4,4'-bisphenol F: RN given refers to parent cpd. bisphenol F : A bisphenol that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups.	2.6	1	0	bisphenol; diarylmethane	environmental food contaminant; xenoestrogen
1,4-cyclohexadiene [no description available]	1.96	1	0	cyclohexadiene
amyl acetate amyl acetate: sources do not specify n-isomer. pentyl acetate : An acetate ester of pentanol.	2.01	1	0	acetate ester	metabolite
1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea: structure. 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea : A member of the class of ureas that is urea substituted by methyl groups at positions 1, 1, 3 and 3 respectively. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism.	1.96	1	0	ureas	human metabolite
c.i. 42510 Rosaniline Dyes: Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.. basic fuchsin : A four-component mixture of chemically related dyes comprising pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin in varying amounts. rosanilin : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin.	4.51	7	0
brilliant green brilliant green: RN given refers to sulfate; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1378. brilliant green : An organic hydrogensulfate salt having 4-{[4-(diethylamino)phenyl](phenyl)methylidene}-N,N-diethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-iminium as the counterion.	2.15	1	0	organic hydrogensulfate salt	antibacterial agent; antiseptic drug; environmental contaminant; fluorochrome; histological dye; poison
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	4.94	7	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
2'-deoxy-5'-adenosine monophosphate 2'-deoxy-5'-adenosine monophosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having adenine as the nucleobase.	2.69	3	0	2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	fundamental metabolite
homoserine homoserine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine substituted at the alpha-position by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.. L-homoserine : The L-enantiomer of homoserine.	2.35	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; homoserine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nitrosoguanidines Nitrosoguanidines: Nitrosylated derivatives of guanidine. They are used as MUTAGENS in MOLECULAR BIOLOGY research.	2.86	4	0
2-piperidone 2-piperidone: structure given in first source. piperidin-2-one : A delta-lactam that is piperidine which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.05	1	0	delta-lactam; piperidones	EC 1.2.1.88 (L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor
2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide [no description available]	1.98	1	0
2-methylimidazole [no description available]	7.21	1	0
pyridine n-oxide pyridine N-oxide: RN given refers to parent cpd. pyridine N-oxide : The pyridine N-oxide derived from the parent pyridine. It is a drug metabolite of the antihypertensive agent pinacidil.	7	1	0	pyridine N-oxides	drug metabolite
2,6-dichlorobenzoquinone 2,6-dichlorobenzoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is p-benzoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 have been replaced by chlorines. A highly toxic and carcinogenic disinfection by-product found in drinking water.	2.93	4	0	1,4-benzoquinones; organochlorine compound	carcinogenic agent; poison
phenylphosphate phenylphosphate: structure given in first source. phenyl phosphate : An aryl phosphate resulting from the mono-esterification of phosphoric acid with phenol.	1.98	1	0	aryl phosphate	mouse metabolite
phosmet Phosmet: An organothiophosphorus insecticide that has been used to control pig mange.	2	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phthalimides	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol [no description available]	2.07	1	0
ethylnitrosourea Ethylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by ethyl and nitroso groups.	2.4	2	0	N-nitrosoureas	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
1,2-cyclohexanedione cyclohexanedione : Cyclohexanones carrying two oxo substituents.. cyclohexane-1,2-dione : A cyclohexanedione carrying oxo substituents at positions 1 and 2.	1.97	1	0	cyclohexanedione
2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide 2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl Bromide: A chemical reagent that reacts with and modifies chemically the tryptophan portion of protein molecules. Used for 'active site' enzyme studies and other protein studies. Sometimes referred to as Koshland's reagent.	1.95	1	0
triphenylphosphine oxide triphenylphosphine oxide: used in the extraction, separation & spectrophotometric determination of cadmium & mercury in environmental samples. triphenylphosphane oxide : A phosphine oxide in which the substituents on phosphorus are three phenyl groups.	2.11	1	0	phosphine oxide	NMR chemical shift reference compound
levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.	4.8	1	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
dimethyl phosphate dimethyl phosphate: excreted in urine after exposure to mevinphos; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.15	1	0	dialkyl phosphate
4-nitrophenyl acetate [no description available]	2.36	2	0	C-nitro compound; phenyl acetates
2-phenylbenzothiazole 2-phenylbenzothiazole: structure given in first source	2.6	1	0
amaranth dye Amaranth Dye: A sulfonic acid-based naphthylazo dye used as a coloring agent for foodstuffs and medicines and as a dye and chemical indicator. It was banned by the FDA in 1976 for use in foods, drugs, and cosmetics. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	1.96	1	0
n-methylolacrylamide N-methylolacrylamide: bifunctional monomer possessing both vinyl & hydroxymethyl groups; used in adhesives, binders, surface coatings & resins; toxicity equals that of acrylamide	2.07	1	0	secondary carboxamide
dodecylamine dodecylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0	primary aliphatic amine
nitrosobenzylmethylamine nitrosobenzylmethylamine: structure	1.96	1	0
deoxycytidine [no description available]	2.42	2	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyuridine [no description available]	2.37	2	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2,6-dichloroindophenol 2,6-Dichloroindophenol: A dye used as a reagent in the determination of vitamin C.. 2,6-dichloroindophenol : A quinone imine that is indophenol substituted by chloro groups at positions 2 and 6.. N-3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl-1,4-benzoquinone imine : 1,4-benzoquinone imine having a 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl substituent attached to the nitrogen atom.	4.24	18	0	dichlorobenzene; quinone imine
2'-deoxyadenosine 2'-deoxyformycin A: RN not in Chemline 9/85; RN and structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytidine diphosphate choline Cytidine Diphosphate Choline: Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides.	3.67	10	0	nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s; phosphocholines	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
rhodamine 6g rhodamine 6G: RN given refers to HCl	2.49	2	0
oxalic acid hydrazide [no description available]	2.45	2	0
tri-n-butylphosphine [no description available]	1.97	1	0
deoxycytidine monophosphate Deoxycytidine Monophosphate: Deoxycytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A deoxycytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety in the 2'-,3'- or 5- positions.. 2'-deoxycytosine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.	2.66	3	0	2'-deoxycytidine phosphate; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate adenosine 5'-(pentahydrogen tetraphosphate) : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate having adenine as the nucleobase.	1.99	1	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate
ammonium bicarbonate ammonium bicarbonate: see also record for ammonium carbonate (di-NH4 salt)	1.97	1	0	organooxygen compound
1-aminomethylphosphonic acid 1-aminomethylphosphonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid substituted by an aminomethyl group. It is a metabolite of the herbicide glyphosate.	2.05	1	0	one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids
ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.	1.96	1	0	ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative	antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
phenylglyoxal [no description available]	3.36	7	0	phenylacetaldehydes
nicotinamide mononucleotide Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: 3-Carbamoyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl pyridinium hydroxide-5'phosphate, inner salt. A nucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-N-glycosidic linkage with the C-1 position of D-ribose. Synonyms: Nicotinamide Ribonucleotide; NMN.	2.35	2	0	nicotinamide mononucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
undecane undecane : A straight-chain alkane with 11 carbon atoms.	2.06	1	0	alkane
pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde: structure in first source. 2-formylpyridine : A pyridinecarbaldehyde that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a formyl group.	7.78	3	0	pyridinecarbaldehyde
4-dimethylaminopyridine 4-dimethylaminopyridine: catalyst for acetylation of hydroxy cpds; structure	2.02	1	0	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
ethylenediamine-n,n'-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) ethylenediamine-N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid): synthetic iron chelator; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in 3rd source	3.43	7	0
copper carbonate copper carbonate: RN given refers to 1:1 Cu(+2) salt	1.98	1	0
fenchone, (+-)-isomer fenchone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. fenchone : A carbobicyclic compound that is fenchane in which the hydrogens at position 2 are replaced by an oxo group. It is a component of essential oil from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare).	1.95	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; cyclic terpene ketone; fenchane monoterpenoid	plant metabolite
2,2'-dipyridylamine dipyridin-2-ylamine: structure in first source	1.96	1	0
carmine Carmine: Coloring matter from the insect Coccus cacti L. It is used in foods, pharmaceuticals, toiletries, etc., as a dye, and also has use as a microscopic stain and biological marker.	1.96	1	0
gallium arsenide [no description available]	3.31	6	0
calcium peroxide [no description available]	4.8	1	1	calcium oxides
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).	4.67	27	0
cadmium sulfide [no description available]	4.55	23	0	cadmium molecular entity
germanium oxide germanium oxide: has antimutagenic effects; RN given refers to cpd with MF GeO2	7.21	1	0
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	4.06	15	0	alkali metal hydroxide
manganese dioxide [no description available]	9.22	76	1	manganese molecular entity; metal oxide
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.	8.1	41	1	zinc molecular entity
thorium dioxide Thorium Dioxide: Thorium oxide (ThO2). A radiographic contrast agent that was used in the early 1930s through about 1954. High rates of mortality have been linked to its use and it has been shown to cause liver cancer.	1.94	1	0	thorium molecular entity
vanadium pentoxide [no description available]	2.45	2	0	vanadium oxide
lead sulfide lead sulfide: surma refers to fine powder-like mascara, applied to conjunctival surfaces of eyes; originally contained antimony sulfide (derived from Urdu word for antimony); recently lead sulfide has been used due to scarcity of antimony; RN given refers to cpd with MF of Pb-S; galena is the principal ore of lead sulfide. Black kohl stone and red-brown kohl stone are widely used in eye cosmetics in the Middle East, Asia and Africa	2.15	1	0
molybdenum disulfide [no description available]	2.85	3	0	sulfide salt
ferrous sulfide ferrous sulfide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-S; mackinawite & troilite both have MF Fe-S	2.08	1	0
cupric sulfide copper(II) sulfide : A copper sulfide in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.	2.04	1	0
arsenic trioxide Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.	3.4	6	0
beta-pinene beta-pinene: alpha-pinene is also available. beta-pinene : An isomer of pinene with an exocyclic double bond. It is a component of essential oils from many plants.	2.01	1	0	pinene	plant metabolite
hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric Acid: Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.. hydrogen fluoride : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms.. organofluorine compound : An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.	2.67	3	0	hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	NMR chemical shift reference compound
ammonium hydroxide Ammonium Hydroxide: The hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution.. ammonium hydroxide : A solution of ammonia in water.	2.44	2	0	inorganic hydroxy compound	food acidity regulator
ferrous oxide [no description available]	2.93	4	0	iron oxide
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	2.35	2	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.	2.11	1	0	enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin	EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	10.62	42	2	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
tocopherols [no description available]	1.93	1	0
(ethylenedinitrilo)-tetramethylenephosphonic acid (ethylenedinitrilo)-tetramethylenephosphonic acid: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.39	2	0
selenomethionine [no description available]	4.32	4	1	selenoamino acid; selenomethionines	plant metabolite
1,3-xylenediamine 1,3-xylenediamine: structure given in first source	2.08	1	0
daminozide daminozide: induces tumors	2.1	1	0	straight-chain fatty acid
fenchol fenchol: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	1.95	1	0
diphenyldiselenide diphenyldiselenide: structure given in first source	2.13	1	0
1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
5-chlorouracil 5-chlorouracil : An organochlorine compound consisting of uracil having an chloro substituent at the 5-position.	1.97	1	0	organochlorine compound
ethyldimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide: Carbodiimide cross-linking reagent.	3.08	5	0
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	6.16	42	0	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate 2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	3.37	7	0	2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	4.8	3	0	tertiary amine
orange g orange G : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 7-hydroxy-8-[(E)-phenyldiazenyl]naphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid. It is often combined with other yellow dyes in alcoholic solution to stain erythrocytes in trichrome methods, and is used for demonstrating cells in the pancreas and pituitary.	2.17	1	0
tetrabutylammonium tetrabutylammonium: lipophilic probe; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.41	2	0	quaternary ammonium ion
2-tert-butylhydroquinone 2-tert-butylhydroquinone: an anticarcinogenic and chemopreventive agent. 2-tert-butylhydroquinone : A member of the class of hydroquinones in which one of the ring hydrogens of hydroquinone is replaced by a tert-butyl group.	2.41	2	0	hydroquinones	food antioxidant
dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.	2.37	2	0	benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide	cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic
methionine sulfoximine methionine sulfoximine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine .	5.2	16	0	methionine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	3.85	12	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
pimozide Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.	1.96	1	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound	antidyskinesia agent; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
benperidol Benperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567)	3.77	2	1	aromatic ketone
1,6-diaminohexane 1,6-diaminohexane: Russian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hexane-1,6-diamine : A C6 alkane-alpha,omega-diamine.	2.02	1	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	human xenobiotic metabolite
azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid: a proline analog (with 4-membered ring in place of 5); a toxic non-protein amino acid that is misincorporated into protein in place of proline; induces nonfunctional heat-shock proteins; inhibits acquired thermotolerance; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; found in beets and Liliaceae. (S)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid : The (S)-enantiomer of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.. azetidinecarboxylic acid : A member of the class of azetidines that is azetidine substituted by at least one carboxy group at unspecified position.	2.96	4	0	azetidine-2-carboxylic acid
4-chlorocatechol 4-chlorocatechol : A chlorocatechol that is catechol substituted by a chloro group at position 4.	2.43	2	0	chlorocatechol; monochlorobenzenes	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
n-isopropylacrylamide N-isopropylacrylamide: can polymerize with glycidyl acrylate to form reactive water-soluble polymer that can react with the amino groups of enzymes-proteins or other ligands	2.07	1	0
fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.	2	1	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
thioflavin t thioflavin T: RN given refers to chloride; structure. thioflavine T : An organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo.	2.78	3	0	organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; geroprotector; histological dye
flupenthixol Flupenthixol: A thioxanthene neuroleptic that, unlike CHLORPROMAZINE, is claimed to have CNS-activating properties. It is used in the treatment of psychoses although not in excited or manic patients. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p595). flupenthixol : A thioxanthene derivative having a trifluoromethyl substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)propylidene group at the 10-position with undefined double bond stereochemistry.	1.96	1	0	thioxanthenes
fucose Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.	4.15	17	0	fucopyranose; L-fucose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
n-acetylimidazole [no description available]	7.38	2	0	N-acylimidazole
cme-carbodiimide [no description available]	2.01	1	0
3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
sulfur hexafluoride Sulfur Hexafluoride: Sulfur hexafluoride. An inert gas used mainly as a test gas in respiratory physiology. Other uses include its injection in vitreoretinal surgery to restore the vitreous chamber and as a tracer in monitoring the dispersion and deposition of air pollutants.. sulfur hexafluoride : A sulfur coordination entity consisting of six fluorine atoms attached to a central sulfur atom. It is the most potent greenhouse gas currently known, with a global warming potential of 23,900 times that of CO2 over a 100 year period (SF6 has an estimated lifetime in the atmosphere of between 800 and 3,000 years).	3.46	1	1	sulfur coordination entity	greenhouse gas; NMR chemical shift reference compound; ultrasound contrast agent
uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. It may also be epimerized to UDP iduronic acid, which donates iduronic acid to polysaccharides. In animals, UDP glucuronic acid is used for formation of many glucosiduronides with various aglycones.. UDP-alpha-D-glucuronic acid : A UDP-sugar having alpha-D-glucuronic acid as the sugar component.	3.35	7	0	UDP-D-glucuronic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
acadesine [no description available]	2.02	1	0	1-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide; aminoimidazole; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor
n,n-dimethylacrylamide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
nitrosyl chloride nitrosyl chloride: a strong oxidizing agent; capable of nitrosylating organic compounds and thereby generating mutagens or promutagens	2.1	1	0
uridine diphosphate galactose Uridine Diphosphate Galactose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be epimerized into UDPglucose for entry into the mainstream of carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a source of galactose in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides, cerebrosides, and lactose.. UDP-alpha-D-galactose : A UDP-D-galactose in which the anomeric centre of the galactose moiety has alpha-configuration.	4.96	39	0	UDP-D-galactose	mouse metabolite
benzo(a)pyrene-3,6-quinone [no description available]	1.97	1	0
2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol: structure given in first source	2.63	3	0	primary alcohol
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.	3.1	5	0	fluorescein isothiocyanate
sabinene sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.	4.08	15	0	thujene	plant metabolite
mannose mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.	5.51	69	0	D-aldohexose; D-mannose; mannopyranose	metabolite
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	5.98	110	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
megestrol Megestrol: A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.. megestrol : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.	1.95	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
cyclazocine Cyclazocine: An analgesic with mixed narcotic agonist-antagonist properties.	1.96	1	0
uridine diphosphate xylose Uridine Diphosphate Xylose: The decarboxylation product of UDPglucuronic acid, which is used for formation of the xylosides of seryl hydroxyl groups in mucoprotein synthesis. Also forms plant xylans.	2.36	2	0	UDP-sugar	fundamental metabolite
cyclic cmp Cyclic CMP: A cyclic nucleotide formed from CYTIDINE TRIPHOSPHATE by the action of cytidylate cyclase. It is a potential cyclic nucleotide intracellular mediator of signal transductions.. 3',5'-cyclic CMP : A 3',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide having cytosine as the nucleobase.	2.7	3	0	3',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide	human metabolite
streptomycin [no description available]	4.65	29	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.	5.95	99	0	carbon oxoanion
3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzoate [no description available]	1.99	1	0
dideoxyadenosine Dideoxyadenosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.	2.88	4	0	adenosines; purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
propanoldiaminetetracetic acid [no description available]	2.37	2	0
carbenicillin Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.	1.95	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.	3.1	5	0	diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide	EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer
diphenylglycoluril diphenylglycoluril: structure in first source	2.02	1	0
1-hydroxypyrene 1-hydroxypyrene: pyrene metabolite; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.48	2	0	pyrenes
dihydrostreptomycin sulfate Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate: A semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in the treatment of TUBERCULOSIS.	2.64	3	0
vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.	1.96	1	0	beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
diadenosine tetraphosphate P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate : A diadenosyl tetraphosphate compound having the two 5'-adenosyl residues attached at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions.	3.1	5	0	diadenosyl tetraphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
acetylpyruvic acid acetylpyruvic acid: structure. acetylpyruvic acid : A dioxo monocarboxylic acid that is pentanoic acid carrying two oxo groups at positions 2 and 4.	2	1	0	beta-diketone; dioxo monocarboxylic acid	bacterial metabolite
limonene Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively.	2.01	1	0	cycloalkene; p-menthadiene	human metabolite
n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.	3.85	12	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound	neurotransmitter agent
ammonium nitrate ammonium nitrate: structure. ammonium nitrate : The ammonium salt of nitric acid.	2.98	4	0	ammonium salt; inorganic molecular entity; inorganic nitrate salt	explosive; fertilizer; oxidising agent
trimethaphan Trimethaphan: A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocker in hypertension, as an adjunct to anesthesia, and to induce hypotension during surgery.. trimethaphan : A complex heterocyclic sulfonium compound with an imidazolium core, used to treat hypertension.	3.33	1	1	sulfonium compound	anaesthesia adjuvant; antihypertensive agent; nicotinic antagonist; vasodilator agent
hepes [no description available]	3.08	5	0	HEPES; organosulfonic acid
dysprosium Dysprosium: An element of the rare earth family that has the atomic symbol Dy, atomic number 66, and atomic weight 162.50. Dysprosium is a silvery metal used primarily in the form of various salts.	6.53	26	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
iridium Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.	3.07	5	0	cobalt group element atom; platinum group metal atom
lanthanum [no description available]	8.55	205	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom; scandium group element atom
lutetium Lutetium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Lu, atomic number 71, and atomic weight 175.	3.1	5	0	d-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	14.48	455	2	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.	14.7	281	3	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
neptunium Neptunium: A radioactive element of the actinide metals family. It has the atomic symbol Np, and atomic number 93.	2.36	2	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
neodymium Neodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications.	8.22	6	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
niobium Niobium: A metal element atomic number 41, atomic weight 92.906, symbol Nb.	4.06	15	0	vanadium group element atom
osmium Osmium: A very hard, gray, toxic, and nearly infusible metal element, atomic number 76, atomic weight 190.2, symbol Os.	4.75	10	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.	6.79	33	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	7.74	35	0	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
plutonium Plutonium: A naturally radioactive element of the actinide metals series. It has the atomic symbol Pu, and atomic number 94. Plutonium is used as a nuclear fuel, to produce radioisotopes for research, in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers, and as the agent of fission in nuclear weapons.	3.65	10	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
praseodymium Praseodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Pr, atomic number 59, and atomic weight 140.91.	3.55	9	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
promethium Promethium: A radioactive element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Pm, and atomic number 61. It has been used in the construction of atomic batteries, in the preparation of self-luminous compounds, and as a beta-particle source for thickness gauges.	1.94	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
protactinium Protactinium: A radioactive element of the actinide group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Pa, atomic number 91, and atomic weight 231. It decays by alpha-emission.	6.94	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
rhenium Rhenium: A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re.	4.64	27	0	manganese group element atom
rhodium Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.	10.14	15	0	cobalt group element atom
ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.	7.95	60	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
samarium Samarium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number 62, and atomic weight 150.36. The oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	8.68	10	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
scandium Scandium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sc, atomic number 21, and atomic weight 45.	5.37	19	0	d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	9.24	102	1	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
tantalum Tantalum: A rare metallic element, atomic number 73, atomic weight 180.948, symbol Ta. It is a noncorrosive and malleable metal that has been used for plates or disks to replace cranial defects, for wire sutures, and for making prosthetic devices.	3.75	11	0	vanadium group element atom
technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.	4.78	10	0	manganese group element atom
terbium Terbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tb, atomic number 65, and atomic weight 158.92.	4.38	21	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
thorium Thorium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol Th, atomic number 90, and atomic weight 232.04. It is used as fuel in nuclear reactors to produce fissionable uranium isotopes. Because of its radioopacity, various thorium compounds are used to facilitate visualization in roentgenography.	8.6	9	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
thulium Thulium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tm, atomic number 69, and atomic weight 168.93.	4.77	10	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	10.74	161	2	titanium group element atom
tungsten Tungsten: A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.	7.31	32	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
americium Americium: A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, and atomic number 95. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy.	2.94	4	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
argon Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used.	2.66	3	0	monoatomic argon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom	food packaging gas; neuroprotective agent
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	16.45	1,258	3	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
cerium Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.	7.82	54	1	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.	16.67	767	4	chromium group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
erbium Erbium: Erbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Er, atomic number 68, and atomic weight 167.26.	3.64	9	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
europium Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.	5.53	22	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	9.97	133	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	9.71	85	1	copper group element atom; elemental gold
hafnium Hafnium: A metal element of atomic number 72 and atomic weight 178.49, symbol Hf.	2.46	2	0	titanium group element atom
helium Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics.	5.11	8	0	monoatomic helium; noble gas atom; s-block element atom	food packaging gas
uranium Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.	7.47	68	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom; monoatomic uranium
vanadium Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.	11.56	167	0	elemental vanadium; vanadium group element atom	micronutrient
ytterbium Ytterbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Yb, atomic number 70, and atomic weight 173. Ytterbium has been used in lasers and as a portable x-ray source.	3.64	9	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
yttrium Yttrium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Y, atomic number 39, and atomic weight 88.91. In conjunction with other rare earths, yttrium is used as a phosphor in television receivers and is a component of the yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers.	4.37	20	0	d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom
zirconium Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.	6.39	54	0	titanium group element atom
californium Californium: A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Cf, atomic number 98, and atomic weight 251. Its valence can be +2 or +3. Californium has medical use as a radiation source for radiotherapy.	2.6	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
lead phosphate lead phosphate: RN given refers to unspecified MF	1.96	1	0
aluminum chloride Aluminum Chloride: A compound with the chemical formula AlCl3; the anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis, and hydrated salts are used topically as antiperspirants, and for the management of HYPERHYDROSIS.	3.08	5	0	aluminium coordination entity	Lewis acid
cupric chloride cupric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. copper(II) chloride : An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.	2.9	4	0	copper molecular entity; inorganic chloride	EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor
magnesium sulfate Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.	4.59	27	0	magnesium salt; metal sulfate; organic magnesium salt	anaesthetic; analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; fertilizer; tocolytic agent
mercuric chloride Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.	3.07	5	0	mercury coordination entity	sensitiser
acetylglucosamine Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.	4.77	32	0	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine	epitope
galactosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.	6.74	19	1	D-galactosamine; primary amino compound	toxin
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt [no description available]	2.57	2	0	sodium phosphate
perchloric acid [no description available]	1.94	1	0	chlorine oxoacid
sodium nitrate sodium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of sodium.	2	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt; inorganic sodium salt	fertilizer; NMR chemical shift reference compound
palladium chloride palladium chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. palladium(II) chloride : A palladium coordination entity consisting of palladium(II) bound to two chlorine atoms.	1.96	1	0	palladium coordination entity	catalyst
cesium chloride cesium chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. caesium chloride : The inorganic chloride salt of caesium; each caesium ion is coordinated by eight chlorine ions.	1.96	1	0	inorganic caesium salt; inorganic chloride	phase-transfer catalyst; vasoconstrictor agent
hypochlorous acid Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.	2.91	4	0	chlorine oxoacid; reactive oxygen species	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.72	3	0	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
ferric chloride ferric chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-Cl3; used to induce experimental arterial thrombosis to evaluate antithrombotic agents	3.5	8	0	iron coordination entity	astringent; Lewis acid
nickel chloride nickel chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Cl2. nickel dichloride : A compound of nickel and chloride in which the ratio of nickel (in the +2 oxidation state) to chloride is 1:2.	3.69	10	0	nickel coordination entity	calcium channel blocker; hapten
ferrous sulfate ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.	2.9	4	0	iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	reducing agent
sodium pyrophosphate sodium pyrophosphate: RN refers to diphosphoric acid, tetra-Na salt; structure. sodium diphosphate : An inorganic sodium salt comprised of a diphosphate(4-) anion and four sodium(1+) cations. More commonly known as tetrasodium pyrophosphate, it finds much use in the food industry as an emulsifier and in dental hygiene as a calcium-chelating salt.	2.7	3	0	inorganic sodium salt	chelator; food emulsifier; food thickening agent
phosphine phosphane : The simplest phosphine, consisting of a single phosphorus atom with three hydrogens attached.. phosphine : Phosphane (PH3) and compounds derived from it by substituting one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups: RPH2, R2PH, R3P (R =/= H) are called primary, secondary and tertiary phosphines, respectively. A specific phosphine is preferably named as a substituted phosphane.	2.45	2	0	mononuclear parent hydride; phosphanes; phosphine	carcinogenic agent; fumigant insecticide
bromine Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.	5.56	23	0	diatomic bromine
potassium persulfate [no description available]	2.95	4	0
barium sulfate Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.. barium sulfate : A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite.	2.67	3	0	barium salt; inorganic barium salt; metal sulfate	radioopaque medium
zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.	6.52	14	1	metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity	fertilizer
sodium sulfate [no description available]	1.93	1	0	inorganic sodium salt
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	11.71	18	1	calcium phosphate
ferrous chloride ferrous chloride: induces convulsions; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.37	2	0	iron coordination entity
chromates Chromates: Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.. chromate(2-) : A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid.	5.4	14	1	chromium oxoanion; divalent inorganic anion	oxidising agent
copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.	3.5	8	0	metal sulfate	emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser
tungstate [no description available]	2.73	3	0	divalent inorganic anion; tungsten oxoanion
silver nitrate Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.	2.87	4	0	inorganic nitrate salt; silver salt	astringent
sodium thiosulfate sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.	1.98	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	antidote to cyanide poisoning; antifungal drug; nephroprotective agent
calcium sulfate Calcium Sulfate: A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.	3.38	7	0	calcium salt; inorganic calcium salt
potassium sulfate potassium sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K2-H2SO4	2.25	1	0	inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.	12.04	63	0	dihydrogen
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	8.99	67	0	diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity	NMR chemical shift reference compound
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	7.82	62	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
nitrous acid Nitrous Acid: Nitrous acid (HNO2). A weak acid that exists only in solution. It can form water-soluble nitrites and stable esters. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	1.99	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid
silver chloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0	inorganic chloride; silver salt
nickel sulfate nickel sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni(2+)-H2SO4. nickel sulfate : A metal sulfate having nickel(2+) as the metal ion.	2.4	2	0	metal sulfate	allergen
beryllium chloride beryllium chloride: RN given refers to BeCl2. beryllium dichloride : A compound of beryllium (+2 oxidation state) and chloride in the ratio 1:2.	1.96	1	0	beryllium molecular entity; inorganic chloride	carcinogenic agent; genotoxin
beryllium fluoride beryllium difluoride : The fluoride salt of beryllium (+2 oxidation state). In the solid state it exists as a glass, with four-coordinate Be(2+) tetrahedral centres and two-coordinate fluoride centres. As a gas it adopts a linear triatomic structure and in the liquid state a fluctuating tetrahedral structure. In protein crystallography it is used as a mimic of phosphate.	2.42	2	0	beryllium molecular entity; fluoride salt
deuterium oxide Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes.	3.87	12	0	deuterated compound; water	NMR solvent
fluorosulfonic acid perfluorosulfonic acid: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based fluoropolymer–copolymer	2.76	3	0	sulfur oxoacid	NMR solvent
molybdate ion molybdate : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from molybdic acid	3.53	8	0	divalent inorganic anion; molybdenum oxoanion	Escherichia coli metabolite
calcium pyrophosphate Calcium Pyrophosphate: An inorganic pyrophosphate which affects calcium metabolism in mammals. Abnormalities in its metabolism occur in some human diseases, notably HYPOPHOSPHATASIA and pseudogout (CHONDROCALCINOSIS).	2	1	0	calcium phosphate
iodine monochloride iodine monochloride: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.95	1	0
sulfur trioxide sulfur trioxide: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0	sulfur oxide
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.	4.48	24	0
poloxalene Poloxalene: A copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is a non-ionic polyol surface-active agent used medically as a fecal softener and in cattle for prevention of bloat.. pluronic : A triblock copolymer composed of a central hydrophobic chain of poly(propylene oxide) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of poly(ethylene oxide).	1.99	1	0	epoxide
hexadimethrine bromide Hexadimethrine Bromide: A synthetic polymer which agglutinates red blood cells. It is used as a heparin antagonist.	2.67	3	0
vasotocin Vasotocin: A nonapeptide that contains the ring of OXYTOCIN and the side chain of ARG-VASOPRESSIN with the latter determining the specific recognition of hormone receptors. Vasotocin is the non-mammalian vasopressin-like hormone or antidiuretic hormone regulating water and salt metabolism.. vasotocin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is homologous to oxytocin and vasopressin. It is a pituitary hormone that acts as an endocrine regulator for water balance, osmotic homoeostasis and is involved in social and sexual behavior in non-mammalian vertebrates.	2.64	3	0
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	5.08	41	0	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
ferric sulfate ferric sulfate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:2] salt). iron(3+) sulfate : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(3+) to sulfate ions is 3:2.	2.37	2	0	iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	astringent; catalyst; mordant
aluminum sulfate aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) : An aluminium sulfate that contains no water of crystallisation.	1.96	1	0	aluminium sulfate
radon Radon: A naturally radioactive element with atomic symbol Rn, and atomic number 86. It is a member of the noble gas family found in soil, and is released during the decay of RADIUM.. radon(0) : A monoatomic radon that has an oxidation state of zero.	3.41	7	0	monoatomic radon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
ammonium ferric sulfate ammonium ferrous sulfate: supplies nutritional iron. ferrous ammonium sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of ammonium, iron and sulfate in which the ratio of ammonium to iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 2:1:2.	1.96	1	0	ammonium salt; iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	ferroptosis inducer
chlorine dioxide chlorine dioxide: equal or superior to chlorine when used as wastewater disinfectant	3.2	5	0	chlorine dioxide
1,3-dichloro-1-propene 1,3-dichloro-1-propene: soil fumigant; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. 1,3-dichloropropene : A chloropropene with two chloro substituents at positions 1 and 3 respectively..	2	1	0
lead nitrate lead nitrate: RN given refers to unspecified lead nitrate	1.96	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt; lead coordination entity
chromium sulfate chromium(III) sulfate : A compound of chromium and sulfate in which the ratio of chromium (in the +3 oxidation state) to sulfate is 2:3	2	1	0	metal sulfate
palladium nitrate [no description available]	7.03	1	0
sodium selenite disodium selenite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and selenite ions in a 2:1 ratio.	3.53	8	0	inorganic sodium salt; selenite salt	nutraceutical
tellurous acid tellurous acid: tellurite anion inhibits oxidation of NAD-linked substrates in kidney & liver mitochondria; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.9	4	0	tellurium oxoacid
cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.	8.86	12	0	cadmium coordination entity
cadmium sulfate cadmium sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Cd-H2SO4	1.98	1	0	cadmium salt
calcium nitrate calcium nitrate: an amylopsin activator. calcium nitrate : Inorganic nitrate salt of calcium.	2	1	0	calcium salt; inorganic nitrate salt	fertilizer
cobalt sulfate cobalt sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd. cobalt(2+) sulfate : A compound of cobalt and sulfate in which the ratio of cobalt (+2 oxidation state) to sulfate is 1:1.	2.02	1	0	metal sulfate
4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan: A benzofuran derivative used as a protein reagent since the terminal N-NBD-protein conjugate possesses interesting fluorescence and spectral properties. It has also been used as a covalent inhibitor of both beef heart mitochondrial ATPase and bacterial ATPase.. 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan : A benzoxadiazole that is 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine and at position 7 by a nitro group.	1.98	1	0	benzoxadiazole; C-nitro compound; organochlorine compound	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.1.3 (adenosinetriphosphatase) inhibitor; fluorescent probe; fluorochrome
ancitabine Ancitabine: Congener of CYTARABINE that is metabolized to cytarabine and thereby maintains a more constant antineoplastic action.. ancitabine : An organic heterotricyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the oxo group of cytidine to the 2' position with loss of water to give the corresponding cyclic ether. A prodrug, it is metabolised to the antineoplastic agent cytarabine, so is used to maintain a more constant antineoplastic action.	1.99	1	0	diol; organic heterotricyclic compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
magnesium nitrate magnesium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of magnesium.	7.02	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt; magnesium salt	fertilizer
trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	3.34	7	0
rhamnose [no description available]	3.05	5	0	L-rhamnose
chrysotile Asbestos, Serpentine: A type of asbestos that occurs in nature as the dihydrate of magnesium silicate. It exists in two forms: antigorite, a plated variety, and chrysotile, a fibrous variety. The latter makes up 95% of all asbestos products. (From Merck Index, 11th ed, p.893)	1.96	1	0
ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.	4.89	37	0	ammonium salt; inorganic chloride	ferroptosis inhibitor
glucoheptonate glucoheptonic acid : A carbohydrate acid that is heptanoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at C-2, C-3, C-4, C-5, C-6, and C-7.	3.83	2	1	carbohydrate acid; monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
ethionine L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.	2.63	3	0	S-ethylhomocysteine	antimetabolite; carcinogenic agent
arabinofuranosylcytosine triphosphate Arabinofuranosylcytosine Triphosphate: A triphosphate nucleotide analog which is the biologically active form of CYTARABINE. It inhibits nuclear DNA synthesis.	1.95	1	0
procion blue mx-r procion blue MX-R: used in affinity labeling of enzymes; RN given refers to parent cpd	7.1	1	0
2',3-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl 2',3-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2	1	0
manganese chloride CMC-001: oral manganese-containing contrast agent for liver and bile imaging	12.09	7	4	hydrate; inorganic chloride; manganese coordination entity	MRI contrast agent; nutraceutical
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	7.62	41	1	titanium oxides	food colouring
indium nitrate [no description available]	2.07	1	0
thorium nitrate [no description available]	2.07	1	0
salen disalicylaldehyde ethylenediamine: reagents for determination of iron	6.71	41	0
tiletamine hydrochloride Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	2.72	3	0
etorphine Etorphine: A narcotic analgesic morphinan used as a sedative in veterinary practice.	3.34	7	0
selegiline Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.	2.9	4	0	selegiline; terminal acetylenic compound	geroprotector
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	7.68	3	0	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
methyl acetimidate methyl acetimidate: affords intermediate protection for amino group; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2	1	0
thiamphenicol [no description available]	2.13	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfone	antimicrobial agent; immunosuppressive agent
hydroxymethanediphosphonic acid hydroxymethanediphosphonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)
cephalexin Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.	2.07	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
eedq EEDQ: peptide coupling reagent	1.99	1	0
ferric nitrilotriacetate ferric nitrilotriacetate: induces diabetes in animals (iron loading)	2.15	1	0	iron chelate	carcinogenic agent; mutagen
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	5.72	83	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
n,n-dimethylhydroxylamine N,N-dimethylhydroxylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.06	1	0
nickel sulfide nickel sulfide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-S; see also nickel subsulfide: 12035-72-2	2.37	2	0
fluorides [no description available]	10.31	233	1	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
metergoline Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7.	1.95	1	0	carbamate ester; ergoline alkaloid	dopamine agonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist
reactive red 2 reactive red 2: inhibitor of ecto-nucleotidase and P(2y)-selective purinoceptor antagonist; structure in first source. procion red MX-5B : A 2,4-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine with a multi-substituted napthalen-1-ylamino substituent at the 6-position.	2.04	1	0
lisuride Lisuride: An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS).	1.97	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; serotonergic agonist
stannic oxide tin dioxide : A tin oxide compound consisting of tin(IV) covalently bound to two oxygen atoms.	2.31	1	0	tin oxide
chromium chromium hexavalent ion: a human respiratory carcinogen	5.25	14	0	chromium cation; monoatomic hexacation
1-deoxynojirimycin 1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.	2.05	1	0	2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol; piperidine alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
iodine [no description available]	6.37	32	0	halide anion; monoatomic iodine	human metabolite
osmium tetroxide Osmium Tetroxide: (T-4)-Osmium oxide (OsO4). A highly toxic and volatile oxide of osmium used in industry as an oxidizing agent. It is also used as a histological fixative and stain and as a synovectomy agent in arthritic joints. Its vapor can cause eye, skin, and lung damage.. osmium tetroxide : An osmium coordination entity consisting of four oxygen atoms bound to a central osmium atom via covalent double bonds.	1.95	1	0	osmium coordination entity	fixative; histological dye; oxidising agent; poison
daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.	8.47	8	0	aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
razoxane Razoxane: An antimitotic agent with immunosuppressive properties.	1.96	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine
phosphotyrosine Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group.	9.42	22	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O(4)-phosphotyrosine	Escherichia coli metabolite; immunogen
bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.	6.95	1	0	indole alkaloid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist
fenitrothion Fenitrothion: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.. fenitrothion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a nitro group at position 4.	6.97	1	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
zingerone zingerone: pungent principle of ginger; structure. zingerone : A methyl ketone that is 4-phenylbutan-2-one in which the phenyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by methoxy and hydroxy groups respectively. The major pungent component in ginger.	1.98	1	0	methyl ketone; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; antiemetic; antioxidant; flavouring agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; radiation protective agent
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	9.34	160	1	benzenes; phenyl acetates
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat.	3.08	5	0	chloride salt; organic chloride salt	antiseptic drug; surfactant
4-anisaldehyde 4-anisaldehyde: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants for methoxy moieties; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #696. p-methoxybenzaldehyde : A member of the class of benzaldehydes consisting of benzaldehyde itself carrying a methoxy substituent at position 4.	2.42	2	0	benzaldehydes	bacterial metabolite; human urinary metabolite; insect repellent; plant metabolite
methylformamide N-methylformamide : A member of the class of formamides having a N-methyl substituent.	1.99	1	0	formamides
pyrrolidine [no description available]	2.08	1	0	azacycloalkane; pyrrolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
1,4-dioxane 1,4-dioxane: dehydrating agent; polar solvent miscible both with water & most organic solvents. dioxane : Any member of the class of dioxanes that is a cyclohexane in which two carbon atoms are replaced by oxygen atoms.. 1,4-dioxane : A dioxane with oxygen atoms at positions 1 and 4.	1.97	1	0	dioxane; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; non-polar solvent
triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.	1.94	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
dimedone dimedone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.06	1	0
tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.	3.51	2	0	chlorocarbon; chloroethenes	nephrotoxic agent
n-chlorosuccinimide N-chlorosuccinimide : A five-membered cyclic dicarboximide compound having a chloro substituent on the nitrogen atom.	2.07	1	0	dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone
ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	3.38	1	1	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pregnanolone Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.	3.13	1	0	3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid	human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
pyrene pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.	3.31	6	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	fluorescent probe; persistent organic pollutant
4-methoxyamphetamine 4-methoxyamphetamine: para-methoxy derivative to amphetamine with hallucinogenic properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search AMPHETAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent compound without isomeric designation	2.37	2	0
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.	3.48	8	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; organobromine compound	antidepressant; protein kinase agonist
transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.	9.14	70	1
alkenes [no description available]	7.83	73	0
calcium oxalate Calcium Oxalate: The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.. calcium oxalate : The calcium salt of oxalic acid, which in excess in the urine may lead to formation of oxalate calculi (kidney stones).	2.7	3	0	organic calcium salt
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	13.66	102	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
adenylyl imidodiphosphate Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.	4.61	27	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate
azoxymethane Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.	1.99	1	0
allura red ac dye Allura Red AC Dye: new monoazo dye proposed as color additive in various food products; RN given refers to di-Na salt; structure	2.17	1	0
torpedo Torpedo: A genus of the Torpedinidae family consisting of several species. Members of this family have powerful electric organs and are commonly called electric rays.	2.65	3	0
sodium azide Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).	9.29	19	0	inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; explosive; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mutagen
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	7.92	108	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
adenosine diphosphate ribose Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose: An ester formed between the aldehydic carbon of RIBOSE and the terminal phosphate of ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE. It is produced by the hydrolysis of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by a variety of enzymes, some of which transfer an ADP-ribosyl group to target proteins.	5.95	34	0	ADP-sugar	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
oxovanadium iv oxovanadium IV: forms complexes with simple sugars	2.42	2	0	vanadium oxide
nigericin Nigericin: A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nigericin : A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus.	3.36	7	0	polycyclic ether	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore
enterobactin [no description available]	1.99	1	0	catechols; crown compound; macrotriolide; polyphenol	bacterial metabolite; siderophore
dibromothymoquinone Dibromothymoquinone: At low concentrations, this compound inhibits reduction of conventional hydrophilic electron acceptors, probably acting as a plastoquinone antagonist. At higher concentrations, it acts as an electron acceptor, intercepting electrons either before or at the site of its inhibitory activity.	6.95	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones	cytochrome-b6f complex inhibitor
dimethyl suberimidate Dimethyl Suberimidate: The methyl imidoester of suberic acid used to produce cross links in proteins. Each end of the imidoester will react with an amino group in the protein molecule to form an amidine.	1.96	1	0
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	2.72	3	0	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
acetylgalactosamine Acetylgalactosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.	3.26	6	0	N-acetyl-D-hexosamine; N-acetylgalactosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
5,7-dihydroxytryptamine 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine: Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 7. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacology as a tool.	1.96	1	0
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.	2.72	3	0	amino cyclitol glycoside	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	3.32	5	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide [no description available]	3.43	1	1	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p [no description available]	3.07	5	0	peptide	neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
dobutamine Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.	7.39	2	0	catecholamine; secondary amine	beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene : An amino-nitrotoluene that is 4,6-dinitrotoluene substituted at position 2 by an amino group.	7.41	2	0	amino-nitrotoluene	explosive; fungal xenobiotic metabolite
n,n'-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine-n,n'-diacetic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	2.43	2	0	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
2-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline 2-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline: present in parkinsonian & normal human brains; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	isoquinolinol; tertiary amino compound	human metabolite; neurotoxin; rat metabolite
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.	3.48	8	0	butyrate ester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	3.74	2	1	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent
sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.	1.96	1	0
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	4.75	31	0	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.	4.04	5	0	pyridinium ion	apoptosis inducer; herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; neurotoxin
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	3.12	5	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
deoxynivalenol deoxynivalenol : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium to which wheat, barley, maize (corn) and their products are susceptible to contamination.	2.25	1	0	cyclic ketone; enone; primary alcohol; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; trichothecene; triol	mycotoxin
quisqualic acid Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis.	3.35	7	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
decamethrin decamethrin: pyrethroid insecticide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	1.99	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organobromine compound	agrochemical; antifeedant; calcium channel agonist; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; pyrethroid ester insecticide
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid [no description available]	3.25	6	0	chromanol; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger; Wnt signalling inhibitor
pinaverium pinaverium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	6.96	1	0	monoterpenoid
1-carboxyglutamic acid 1-Carboxyglutamic Acid: Found in various tissues, particularly in four blood-clotting proteins including prothrombin, in kidney protein, in bone protein, and in the protein present in various ectopic calcifications.	1.95	1	0
3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine T1023: radioprotective NO-Synthase Inhibitor	3.17	4	0
7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide: 7,8,8a,9a-Tetrahydrobenzo(10,11)chryseno (3,4-b)oxirene-7,8-diol. A benzopyrene derivative with carcinogenic and mutagenic activity.	1.97	1	0	epoxide	intercalator
enkephalin, methionine Enkephalin, Methionine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.	2.88	4	0
idarubicin Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.	2.11	1	0	anthracycline antibiotic; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative
dihydroalprenolol Dihydroalprenolol: Hydrogenated alprenolol derivative where the extra hydrogens are often tritiated. This radiolabeled form of ALPRENOLOL, a beta-adrenergic blocker, is used to label the beta-adrenergic receptor for isolation and study.	2.88	4	0
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	7.93	4	0	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
mezlocillin Kassinin: Dodecapeptide tachykinin found in the central nervous system of the amphibian Kassina senegalensis. It is similar in structure and action to other tachykinins, but is especially effective in contracting smooth muscle tissue and stimulating the micturition reflex.	1.96	1	0
bw-755c 4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine: A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia.	1.97	1	0
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	6.04	116	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
sulotroban sulotroban: thromboxane receptor antagonist	1.98	1	0
fomesafen fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.	3.05	5	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; phenols	agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
swainsonine Swainsonine: An indolizidine alkaloid from the plant Swainsona canescens that is a potent alpha-mannosidase inhibitor. Swainsonine also exhibits antimetastatic, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activity.. swainsonine : An indolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant Swainsona canescens with three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 8.	2.05	1	0	indolizidine alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.2.1.114 (mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; plant metabolite
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	2.68	3	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	2.44	2	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
idazoxan Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.	2.39	2	0	benzodioxine; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
quinpirole Quinpirole: A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist.. quinpirole : A pyrazoloquinoline that is (4aR,8aR)-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]quinoline substituted by a propyl group at position 5. It acts as a dopamine agonist.	2.08	1	0	pyrazoloquinoline	dopamine agonist
mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.	2.67	3	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive
ractopamine ractopamine: veterinary growth stimulant. ractopamine : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible diastereoisomers of 4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol. A beta-adrenergic agonist, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) as a feed additive for use in pigs and other livestock to promote protein deposition, resulting in leaner meat. The R,R diastereoisomer, butopamine, is responsible for most of the leanness-enhancing effects. While use of ractopamine has been banned in over 120 countries including throughout the EU, in the US it used in an estimated 80% of all beef, pork and turkey production.. 4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl group.	2.13	1	0	benzyl alcohols; polyphenol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
fluorodopa f 18 fluorodopa F 18: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.44	2	0	(18)F radiopharmaceutical; 6-fluoro-L-dopa
salmeterol xinafoate Salmeterol Xinafoate: A selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.	4.8	1	1	naphthoic acid
fura-2 Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.	11.56	193	0
imiquimod Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.	2.25	1	0	imidazoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; interferon inducer
adefovir adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	2.02	1	0	6-aminopurines; ether; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent
mibefradil Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.	2.07	1	0	tetralins	T-type calcium channel blocker
topotecan Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.	2.02	1	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
atorvastatin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic)	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
irinotecan [no description available]	2.08	1	0	carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	8.15	80	1	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
ferric citrate ferric citrate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[1:1] salt. iron(III) citrate : An iron chelate resulting from the combination of iron(3+) and citrate(3-).	2.02	1	0	iron chelate	anti-anaemic agent; nutraceutical
gadolinium chloride gadolinium chloride: a macrophage inhibitor; reduces pulmonary injury and inflammatory mediator production induced by inhaled ozone	2.38	2	0	gadolinium coordination entity	TRP channel blocker
nitrogen trioxide [no description available]	2.63	2	0	nitrogen oxide
cymantrene [no description available]	8.69	10	0
vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.	5.32	55	0	trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion	EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
radon [no description available]	2.25	1	0	radon atom
cupric nitrilotriacetate cupric nitrilotriacetate: RN given returns to parent cpd	2.04	1	0
dolomite calcium magnesium carbonate: mineral recommended by lay periodicals as a desirable source of calcium & magnesium, but found to be also a source of potentially toxic heavy metals	3.14	5	0
edda EDDA: RN given refers to parent cpd. ethylenediaminediacetic acid : An ethylenediamine derivative in which two of the four amine protons of ethylenediamine are replaced by carboxymethyl groups.	2.39	2	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; ethylenediamine derivative; glycine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; chelator
thiolactic acid thiolactic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0	mercaptopropanoic acid
acridine orange Acridine Orange: A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.. acridine orange : Fluorescent dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively.. acridine orange free base : A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination.	2.41	2	0	aminoacridines; aromatic amine; tertiary amino compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
vanillyl alcohol vanillyl alcohol: structure. vanillyl alcohol : A monomethoxybenzene that is 2-methoxyphenol substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at position 4.	1.98	1	0	benzyl alcohols; guaiacols	plant metabolite
ammonium peroxydisulfate ammonium persulfate : An inorganic ammonium salt in which two of the terminal hydroxy groups of peroxydisulfuric acid are deprotonated and associated with ammonium ions as counter-cations.	1.97	1	0
potassium phosphate potassium phosphate: used in dental materials and to treat hypophosphatemia; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF. tripotassium phosphate : An inorganic potassium salt that is the tripotassium salt of phosphoric acid.	2.72	3	0	inorganic phosphate salt; inorganic potassium salt
caloreen caloreen: glucose polymer with average length of five glucose units for dietary energy supplement. dextrin : Glucans produced by the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen. They are mixtures of polymers of D-glucose units linked by alpha(1->4) or alpha(1->6) glycosidic bonds.	3.39	1	1
octyl glucoside octyl-beta-D-glucoside: RN given refers to (beta)-isomer. octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside : An beta-D-glucoside in which the anomeric hydrogen of beta-D-glucopyranose is substituted by an octyl group.	1.96	1	0	beta-D-glucoside	plant metabolite
venlafaxine hydrochloride Venlafaxine Hydrochloride: A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.	2.15	1	0	hydrochloride
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.	7.25	95	1	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl : A pentachlorobiphenyl in which the chlorines are located at the 3, 4, 5, 3', and 4' positions.	2.13	1	0	pentachlorobiphenyl; trichlorobenzene
aluminum phosphate aluminum phosphate: gel used as immunologic adjuvent; RN given refers to Al salt	2.02	1	0
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	6.58	15	1	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
anisodamine anisodamine: alkaloid isolated from Chinese solanacea plant	2.07	1	0
lanthanum chloride lanthanum chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.48	8	0
2',7'-dichlorofluorescein 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.01	1	0	2-benzofurans	fluorochrome
ursolic acid [no description available]	2.06	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
cyclen cyclen: macrocyclic polyamine metal-complexing agent. 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane : An azacycloalkane that is cyclododecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 are replaced by nitrogen atoms.	2.95	4	0	azacycloalkane; crown amine; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
cyclam cyclam: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	3.63	9	0	azacycloalkane; crown amine; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	3.29	6	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
thymidine 5'-triphosphate thymidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. dTTP : A thymidine phosphate having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.	3.24	6	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; thymidine phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
amprenavir [no description available]	2.02	1	0	carbamate ester; sulfonamide; tetrahydrofuryl ester	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
5-methylcytosine 5-Methylcytosine: A methylated nucleotide base found in eukaryotic DNA. In ANIMALS, the DNA METHYLATION of CYTOSINE to form 5-methylcytosine is found primarily in the palindromic sequence CpG. In PLANTS, the methylated sequence is CpNpGp, where N can be any base.. 5-methylcytosine : A pyrimidine that is a derivative of cytosine, having a methyl group at the 5-position.	2.1	1	0	methylcytosine; pyrimidines	human metabolite
diacetylfluorescein [no description available]	2.07	1	0
2',3'-dideoxythymidine triphosphate ddTTP : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate having thymine as the nucleobase.	2.37	2	0	pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; thymidine phosphate
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	3.32	6	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
n-acetylaspartic acid N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid : An N-acyl-L-aspartic acid in which the acyl group is specified as acetyl.	4.77	9	0	N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N-acyl-L-aspartic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; rat metabolite
alpha-terthienyl [no description available]	2.04	1	0	terthiophene
deoxyuridine triphosphate [no description available]	2	1	0	deoxyuridine phosphate; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
fluorexon fluorexon: structure	3.12	5	0	xanthene dye	fluorochrome
gallocatechol gallocatechol: structure give in first source; RN given for (trans-(+-))-omer; inhibits DNA-dependent DNA & RNA polymerases. (+)-gallocatechin : A gallocatechin that has (2R,3S)-configuration. It is found in green tea and bananas.. gallocatechin : A catechin that is a flavan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 3', 4', 5, 5' and 7 (the trans isomer). It is isolated from Acacia mearnsii.	2.42	2	0	gallocatechin	antioxidant; metabolite; radical scavenger
2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate 2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	2.93	4	0	2'-deoxycytidine phosphate; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
25-hydroxycholesterol [no description available]	1.96	1	0	25-hydroxy steroid; oxysterol	human metabolite
10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium 10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium: chemoluminescent probe; RN given refers to dinitrate; Lucigenin refers to dinitrate	2.11	1	0
chlorin chlorin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chlorin : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that is obtained by formal hydrogenation across the 2,3-double bond of porphyrin.	2.48	2	0
phosphoramidic acid phosphoramidic acid: urease inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; do not confuse with phosphoramidites, which are organophosphorus compounds	2.21	1	0	phosphoric acid derivative
bathocuproine bathocuproine: reagent for copper; RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0
2',5'-dideoxyadenosine [no description available]	2.88	4	0	deoxyribonucleoside
5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-galactoside 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-galactoside: enzyme substrate for beta-galactosidase. 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-galactoside : An indolyl carbohydrate that is the beta-D-galactoside of 3-hydroxy-1H-indole in which the indole moiety is substituted at positions 4 and 5 by chlorine and bromine, respectively. It is used to test for the presence of an enzyme, beta-galactosidase, which cleaved the glycosidic bond to give 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-hydroxy-1H-indole, which immediately dimerises to give an intensely blue product.	1.99	1	0	beta-D-galactoside; D-aldohexose derivative; indolyl carbohydrate; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound	chromogenic compound
metaperiodate Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent.	4.61	27	0	iodine oxoacid
fluorophosphate fluorophosphate: inhibits Phosphorylas phosphatase irreversibly; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.93	1	0	fluorine molecular entity; phosphoric acid derivative
2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid: analog of 5-oxoproline in which the 4-methylene moiety is replaced by sulfur; acts as 5-oxo-L-prolinase substrate; structure in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; Procysteine is a trade name	2.1	1	0
o-(6)-methylguanine O-(6)-methylguanine: structure. 6-O-methylguanine : A methylguanine in which the methyl group is positioned on the oxygen at position 6. Formed in DNA by alkylation of the oxygen atom of guanine, most often by N-nitroso compounds and sometimes due to methylation by other compounds such as endogenous S-adenosylmethionine, it base-pairs to thymine rather than cytidine, causing a G:C to A:T transition in DNA.. methylguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is guanine bearing a single methyl substituent.	1.98	1	0	methylguanine	mutagen
2',3'-dideoxyadenosine triphosphate [no description available]	2.68	3	0	purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate
peroxynitric acid [no description available]	3.79	11	0	nitrogen oxoacid
glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.	3.1	5	0	glutathione derivative; organic disulfide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
bathophenanthroline disulfonic acid [no description available]	2.02	1	0
3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'phosphate 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'phosphate: inhibits thymidylate kinase	1.98	1	0
hypusine hypusine: N-terminal amino alcohol deriv of Lys occurring in bovine brain & in the urine of children with familial hyperlysinemia; minor descriptor (75-82); online & Index Medicus search LYSINE/AA (75-82). hypusine : An L-lysine derivative that is L-lysine bearing a (2R)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl substituent at position N(6).	1.99	1	0
glyceryl methacrylate glyceryl methacrylate: a dentin primer	7.41	1	0
glucose-1-phosphate glucose-1-phosphate: RN given refers to (alpha-D-Glc)-isomer. alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate : A D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate in which the anomeric centre has alpha-configuration.	2.02	1	0	D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate
cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.	3.25	6	0	cephalosporin	fungal metabolite
3'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate [no description available]	3.07	5	0	purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	antifungal agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent
physodic acid physodic acid: lichen constituent	2.04	1	0	carbonyl compound
oxaceprol oxaceprol: RN given refers to (trans)-isomer	1.96	1	0
bicozamycin bicozamycin : A commercially important azabicyclic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces sapporonensis. It inhibits the Rho protein of E. coli.	2.01	1	0	azabicycloalkane; bridged compound	antibacterial agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; antiinfective agent
web 2086 WEB 2086: structure given in first source; PAF antagonist	1.98	1	0	organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound
telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.	7.13	1	0	benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
methacycline [no description available]	2.38	2	0	1,2-diglyceride
3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol: structure given in first source	2.76	3	0
boron nitride [no description available]	2.06	1	0	nitride
erbium chloride [no description available]	1.97	1	0
lithium sulfate lithium sulfate : A metal sulfate in which the counterion is lithium and the ratio of lithium to sulfate is 2:1.	2.44	2	0	metal sulfate	antidepressant
2-methoxyestradiol 2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.	2.11	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	angiogenesis modulating agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
toxoflavin toxoflavin: azapteridine antibiotic; structure. toxoflavin : A pyrimidotriazine that is 1,6-dimethyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine with oxo groups at positions 5 and 7.	2.07	1	0	carbonyl compound; pyrimidotriazine	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; toxin; virulence factor; Wnt signalling inhibitor
salicylhydroxamic acid [no description available]	2.42	2	0	hydroxamic acid; phenols	antibacterial drug; EC 1.11.2.2 (myeloperoxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor; trypanocidal drug
benzeneboronic acid [no description available]	2.03	1	0	boronic acids
3-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid 3-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	6.98	1	0
porphine porphine: structure given in first source	7.41	1	0
acetamidine acetamidine: bovine trypsin inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	7.15	1	0	carboxamidine
bromosuccinimide Bromosuccinimide: A brominating agent that replaces hydrogen atoms in benzylic or allylic positions. It is used in the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones and in controlled low-energy brominations. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed,).	3.12	5	0	dicarboximide; organobromine compound; pyrrolidinone	reagent
1,7-phenanthroline [no description available]	7.65	83	2	phenanthroline
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	4.2	16	0	1,2,3-triazole
1h-tetrazole tetrazole : An azaarene that is a five-membered ring composed of 4 nitrogen and 1 carbon atom.. 2H-tetrazole : A tetrazole tautomer where the proton is located on the 2 position.	2.02	1	0	one-carbon compound; tetrazole
perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid perfluorononanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is nonanoic acid in which all of the hydrogens in the alkyl chain are replaced by fluorines.	2.11	1	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	persistent organic pollutant; surfactant; xenobiotic
deuteroporphyrin-ix [no description available]	1.96	1	0
3,4-dimethoxytoluene 3,4-dimethoxytoluene: structure given in first source	7.31	1	0
delphinidin Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart.	2.68	3	0	anthocyanidin chloride
2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
azure b Azure B: RN given refers to chloride. azure B : An organic chloride salt having 3-(dimethylamino)-7-(methylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. It is used in making azure eosin stains for blood smear staining and is an active metabolite of methylene blue.	2.47	2	0
sesamol sesamol: constituent of sesame oil; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source	7.6	1	0	benzodioxoles
medetomidine Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.	1.99	1	0	imidazoles
fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)	5.29	3	1	2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
sertraline Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.	2.47	2	0	dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins	antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor
zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.	2.11	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles	bone density conservation agent
artemisinin (+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	7.48	2	0	organic peroxide; sesquiterpene lactone	antimalarial; plant metabolite
ryodipine ryodipine: structure given in first source; an antianginal agent	7.01	1	0
trimethyl phosphine [no description available]	1.97	1	0	tertiary phosphine
glycine methyl ester glycine methyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd. methyl glycinate : A glycinyl ester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of glycine with methanol.	2	1	0	glycinyl ester	metabolite
methyl levulinate methyl levulinate: structure in first source	2.08	1	0	oxo carboxylic acid
fructose-6-phosphate fructose-6-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. fructose 6-phosphate : A ketohexose monophosphate consisting of fructose having a phosphate group located at the 6-position.	3.09	5	0	D-fructose 6-phosphate
n-acetylhistamine N-acetylhistamine : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide comprising histamine having an acetyl group attached to the side-chain amino function.	1.96	1	0	acetamides; imidazoles	human metabolite
perfluorooctanesulfonamide perfluorooctanesulfonamide : A perfluorinated compound that is perfluorooctane in which one of the terminal fluorines has been replace by a sulfamoyl group.	2.11	1	0	perfluorinated compound; sulfonamide	persistent organic pollutant
3-chloroperbenzoic acid 3-chloroperbenzoic acid: oxidizing agent	2.46	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; peroxy acid
fluorone black fluorone Black: structure	2.44	2	0
morpholinopropane sulfonic acid 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 7.2 at 20 degreeC.	2.03	1	0	MOPS; morpholines; organosulfonic acid
n-acetylglutamic acid N-acetylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid : An N-acyl-L-amino acid that is L-glutamic acid in which one of the amine hydrogens is substituted by an acetyl group.	1.96	1	0	N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N-acyl-L-glutamic acid	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-methylscopolamine N-Methylscopolamine: A muscarinic antagonist used to study binding characteristics of muscarinic cholinergic receptors.	1.99	1	0
enrofloxacin Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets.	7.58	2	0	cyclopropanes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
masoprocol Masoprocol: A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils.. masoprocol : The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase.	2.9	4	0	nordihydroguaiaretic acid	antineoplastic agent; hypoglycemic agent; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite
avilamycin avilamycin: similar to Hygromycin B but lacking amino groups	6.98	1	0
olaquindox olaquindox: used in prevention of swine dysentary; growth promoting additive in pig feed; structure	2.08	1	0	quinoxaline derivative
sprodiamide sprodiamide: a magnetic susceptibility-based MRI contrast agent; a diagnostic aid; RN given refers to anhydrous compound	3.1	1	0
belfosdil belfosdil: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
ubenimex ubenimex: growth inhibitor	3.54	8	0
2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate 2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate: inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase & has potent DNA chain termination activity	2	1	0
magnolol [no description available]	2.44	2	0	biphenyls
mesoporphyrin ix mesoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; mesoheme is the iron salt of mesoporphyrin IX. mesoporphyrin IX : A member of the class of mesoporphyrins obtained by formal hydrogenation of the two vinyl groups in protoporphyrin.	2.37	2	0
leupeptin [no description available]	2.01	1	0	aldehyde; tripeptide	bacterial metabolite; calpain inhibitor; cathepsin B inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.4 (trypsin) inhibitor; serine protease inhibitor
phleomycins Phleomycins: Water-soluble, copper-containing low molecular weight polypeptides obtained from the culture medium of Streptomyces verticillus. They are specific inhibitors of DNA synthesis in bacteria and have been found to act as antitumor agents. They have also been used against rust fungi of plants.. phleomycin : A mixture of glycopeptide antibiotics originally isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces verticillus whose components all contain a thiazolinylthiazole moiety and can form complexes with redox-active metals such as Co, Cu, and Fe. (Bleomycins are very similar to phleomycins, but have a bithiazole moiety in place of the thiazolinylthiazole moiety).	1.97	1	0
beta-thujaplicinol beta-thujaplicinol: inhibits ribonuclease H activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase; structure in first source	2.11	1	0
cryptating agent 222 cryptating agent 222: forms ligands with metal cations; structure	2.11	1	0
methylthymol blue methylthymol blue: RN given refers to tetra-Na salt	7.02	1	0
xylenol orange xylenol orange: carboxylate anion which exhibits characteristic visible spectrum when attached to a metal	6.96	1	0
tetrandrine tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity	1.99	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone Tosyllysine Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES. Acts as an alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.	2.37	2	0	sulfonic acid derivative
nicosulfuron nicosulfuron: inhibits ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; Accent is DuPont brand name. nicosulfuron : A N-sulfonylurea that is 2-(carbamoylsulfamoyl)-N,N-dimethylpyridine-3-carboxamide substituted by a 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl group at the amino nitrogen.	2.59	2	0	N-sulfonylurea; pyridines; pyrimidines	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
gliclazide 18alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid: a gap junction inhibitor	2	1	0
prochloraz Mirage: a feldspathic porcelain that can be etched & bonded to the tooth. prochloraz : A member of the class of ureas that is 1H-imidazole-1-carboxamide substituted by a propyl and a 2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl group at the amino nitrogen atom. A fungicide active against a wide range of diseases affecting field crops, fruit, turf and vegetables.	7.21	1	0	amide fungicide; aromatic ether; conazole fungicide; imidazole fungicide; imidazoles; trichlorobenzene; ureas	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
tetracyanoquinodimethane tetracyanoquinodimethane: structure. tetracyanoquinodimethane : A quinodimethane that is p-quinodimethane in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by cyano groups.	2.46	2	0	alicyclic compound; nitrile; quinodimethane
2,2'-dipicolylamine 2,2'-dipicolylamine: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
3-aminopicolinic acid [no description available]	1.95	1	0
oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.	2.1	1	0	carbamate ester; oxazolidinone	metabolite
ceric oxide ceric oxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF CeO2. ceric oxide : A metal oxide with formula CeO2. It is used for polishing glass, in coatings for infra-red filters to prevent reflection, and as an oxidant and catalyst in organic synthesis.	3.97	12	0	cerium molecular entity; metal oxide
2-(salicylideneamino)phenol 2-(salicylideneamino)phenol: structure given in first source	2.08	1	0
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid : A perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid that is octane-1-sulfonic acid in which all seventeen of the hydrogens that are attached to carbons hvae been replaced by fluorines.	2.11	1	0	perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid	antilipemic drug; persistent organic pollutant
triphenylmethylphosphonium triphenylmethylphosphonium: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.37	2	0
4-nitrophenyl laurate [no description available]	2.05	1	0
2-naphthylamide naphthalene-2-carboxamide: structure in first source. naphthalene-2-carboxamide : A naphthalenecarboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-naphthoic acid with ammonia.	2.34	2	0	naphthalenecarboxamide
2-aminoethylmethacrylate aminoethyl methacrylate: cell-adhesive dextran hydrogel	2.11	1	0	enoate ester
propionohydroxamic acid [no description available]	6.96	1	0
1-hydroxybenzotriazole 1-hydroxybenzotriazole: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.31	1	0	benzotriazoles
4,4'-dipyridyl disulfide 4,4'-dipyridyl disulfide : An organic disulfide obtained by formal oxidative dimerisation of 4-thiopyridine.	1.96	1	0	organic disulfide; pyridines
n,n'-4-phenylenedimaleimide [no description available]	1.96	1	0
6-carboxyfluorescein 6-carboxyfluorescein: originally sold as 6-carboxyfluorescein, but commercial product is a mixture of two isomers; correct name is 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein	1.96	1	0	monocarboxylic acid
cobalt phthalocyanine [no description available]	2.21	1	0
tris(2-aminoethyl)amine tris(2-aminoethyl)amine: structure given in first source	2.48	2	0	tetramine
ribose-5-phosphate ribose-5-phosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.06	1	0	D-ribose 5-phosphate
azidotrimethylsilane azidotrimethylsilane: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
acetone hydrazone acetone hydrazone: inhibits photosynthetic water oxidation	2.38	2	0
alpha-acetolactate alpha-acetolactate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.93	1	0
alanylglycine alanylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	1.93	1	0
phenylglycine chloride phenylglycine chloride: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.03	1	0
tes 2-((1,3-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propan-2-yl)amino)ethanesulfonic acid: structure in first source. N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 7.5 at 20 degreeC.	3.97	1	0	amino sulfonic acid; ethanolamines; TES
n-(2-acetamido)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid N-(2-acetamido)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 6.9 at 20 degreeC.	6.95	1	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; ACES; amino sulfonic acid
trimethylsilyl cyanide [no description available]	2.05	1	0
glucose-1,6-bisphosphate alpha-D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate : A D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate in which both phosphate groups are monophosphates.	2.06	1	0	D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
5-ethylphenazine [no description available]	1.98	1	0
3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol: serotonin metabolite; structure	2.44	2	0	catechols; primary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite
ruthenium dioxide ruthenium dioxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ru-O2	2.1	1	0
vanadium dioxide [no description available]	2.15	1	0	vanadium oxide
strontium titanium oxide [no description available]	2.47	2	0
4-phenylbutylamine 4-phenylbutylamine: used as a drug partition into lipid bilayers in a cubic liquid-crystalline phase. 4-phenylbutylamine : A phenylalkylamine that is benzene in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a 4-aminobutyl group.	2.17	1	0	benzenes; phenylalkylamine; primary amino compound
alanylproline alanylproline: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer	1.96	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylamine 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylamine: reagent for making polymers; structure in first source	2.11	1	0
d-aspartic acid [no description available]	2.02	1	0	aspartic acid; D-alpha-amino acid	mouse metabolite
fentanyl isothiocyanate fentanyl isothiocyanate: specific reagent for irreversible inactivation of delta opiate receptors in rat brain membranes; structure given in first source	1.96	1	0	piperidines
ferroin ferroin: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.02	1	0
gadolinium edta gadolinium EDTA: contrast agent in NMR imaging	2.01	1	0
1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl)carbodiimide N-cyclohexyl-N'-(2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl)carbodiimide : A carbodiimide having cyclcohexyl and 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl as the two N-substituents.	2.01	1	0	carbodiimide; morpholines	cross-linking reagent
3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid: metabolite of L-dopa; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid : A catechol that is the 3,4-dihydroxy derivative of mandelic acid; a metabolite of L-dopa.	1.99	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; catechols	antioxidant; drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
2-(1',2',3',4'-tetrahydroxybutyl)thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid 2-(1',2',3',4'-tetrahydroxybutyl)thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid: cyclic condensation product of ribose and cysteine; structure given in first source; prodrug of L-cysteine; stimulates glutathione biosynthesis; has protective effect against radiation-induced injury and oxidative stress	2.31	1	0
we 201 We 201: synthetic lysolecithin analog; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure	1.96	1	0
o-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydroxylamine O-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydroxylamine: structure given in first source	2.25	1	0
3',5-dichlorodiphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid 3',5-dichlorodiphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
coenzyme a [no description available]	5.34	59	0	adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate	coenzyme; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
loganin [no description available]	2.06	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; cyclopentapyran; enoate ester; iridoid monoterpenoid; methyl ester; monosaccharide derivative; secondary alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
manganese sulfide manganese sulfide: colloidal MnS used as NMR contrast material; RN given refers to cpd with MF MnS	3.29	6	0
o-methylserine O-methylserine: RN given refers to compound with no isomeric designation. O-methylserine : A serine derivative that is L-serine with a methyl group replacing the hydrogen on the hydroxy side chain.	2.07	1	0	L-serine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	metabolite
5-thio-d-glucose 5-thio-D-glucose: RN given refers to 5-thio-D-glucose	3.1	1	0
n-acetyltyrosine, (dl)-isomer N-acetyltyrosine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-acetyltyrosine : An N-acetyl-amino acid that is tyrosine with an amine hydrogen substituted by an acetyl group.	1.99	1	0	N-acetyl-amino acid; phenols; tyrosine derivative	human urinary metabolite
mebeverine gamma-oryzanol: present in rice bran is associated with various physiological functions; RN given refers to gamma-oryzanol	2.31	1	0
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	8.84	12	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
nsc-172755 butocin: S-substituted analog of mercaptopurine which functions as a cytostatic agent; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line search 6-MERCAPTOPURINE/AA (75-84); Index Medicus search MERCAPTOPURINE/analogs (75-84)	2.63	2	0
aluminum nitride [no description available]	2.1	1	0	nitride
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	7.39	36	1	iditol	fungal metabolite
7-ketocholesterol 7-ketocholesterol: inhibits uptake of cholesterol in rabbit aorta. 7-ketocholesterol : A cholestanoid that consists of cholesterol bearing an oxo substituent at position 7.	1.93	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; 7-oxo steroid; cholestanoid	neuroprotective agent
indium arsenide [no description available]	2.73	3	0
cadmium telluride cadmium telluride: used in radiation monitoring device	3.7	9	0
goethite [no description available]	9.88	9	0
cytidylyl-3',5'-adenosine cytidylyl adenosine: CPA removed as SY because it is also used as an abbreviation for N6-cyclopentyladenosine, CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE, and cyclopiazonic acid	1.97	1	0	nucleoside analogue; purines
5'-adenylyl (beta,gamma-methylene)diphosphonate 5'-adenylyl (beta,gamma-methylene)diphosphonate: do not confuse with alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate	2.89	4	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.	5.21	16	0	amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid	fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate: do not confuse with beta,gamma-methylene ATP; RN given refers to parent cpd	3.6	9	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
salsolinol salsolinol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; EP to SALSOLINE ALKALOIDS (78-82); on-line search SALSOLINE ALKALOIDS (78-82); Index Medicus search ISOQUINOLINES (78-82). (S)-salsolinol : A 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol that has S-configuration.	2.04	1	0	1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol	human urinary metabolite
1,5-i-aedans 1,5-I-AEDANS: fluorescent probes which are sulfhydryl reagents; combine reactivity of iodoacetamide toward sulfhydryl groups with spectral properties of naphthalenesulfonic acids; structure. 5-{[2-(iodoacetamido)ethyl]amino}naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : An aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid fluorophore with a structure consisting of ethylenediamine substituted on the nitrogens with iodoacetyl and 5-sulfonyl-1-naphthyl groups.	1.97	1	0	aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-amp 8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-AMP: lowers cAMP in heart & fat cells; cAMP-dependent kinase inhibitor. 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the purine fragment is replaced by a 4-chlorophenylthio group.	1.98	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; aryl sulfide; organochlorine compound	protein kinase agonist
9-hydroxyellipticine 9-hydroxyellipticine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 9-hydroxyellipticine : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is ellipticine in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	1.96	1	0	organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound	antineoplastic agent
hydroxyflutamide [no description available]	3.12	1	0
thiomethylgalactoside [no description available]	1.95	1	0
iodosobenzene iodosobenzene: oxygen donor	3.62	8	0
4-hydroxyphenylglycine 4-hydroxyphenylglycine : A glycine molecule carrying a 4-hydroxyphenyl substituent.	2	1	0	hydroxy-amino acid	bacterial metabolite
acetoacetyl coa [no description available]	2.01	1	0	3-oxo-fatty acyl-CoA	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid 2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid: inhibits iron-containing nitrile hydratases	1.99	1	0
3-aminobenzeneboronic acid [no description available]	2.52	2	0
gamma-tocopherol gamma-Tocopherol: A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in BETA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites.. gamma-tocopherol : A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils.	2.01	1	0	tocopherol; vitamin E	algal metabolite; food antioxidant; plant metabolite
orotidine orotidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. orotidine : A nucleoside formed by attaching orotic acid to a ribose ring via a beta-N(1)-glycosidic bond.	1.94	1	0	nucleoside; pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid; uridines	bacterial metabolite; fungal metabolite; plant metabolite
firefly luciferin Firefly Luciferin: A benzothaizole which is oxidized by LUCIFERASES, FIREFLY to cause emission of light (LUMINESCENCE).. Photinus luciferin : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid consisting of 3,5-dihydrothiophene-4-carboxylic acid having a 6-hydroxybenzothiazol-2-yl group at the 2-position.	2.36	2	0	1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid; benzothiazoles; imidothioate	luciferin
dextromoramide Dextromoramide: An opioid analgesic structurally related to METHADONE and used in the treatment of severe pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1070). dextromoramide : An N-acylpyrrolidine arising by formal condensation of pyrrolidine with (3S)-3-methyl-4-(morpholin-4-yl)-2,2-diphenylbutanoic acid. An opioid analgesic that is structurally related to methadone, it is more poweful than morphine but shorter acting. It has been used (particularly as the hydrogen tartrate salt) for the treatment of severe pain, but was discontinued in the UK in 2004.	1.95	1	0	morpholines; N-acylpyrrolidine	opioid analgesic
uridylyl-(3'-5')-adenosine [no description available]	2	1	0	nucleoside analogue; purines
glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.	3.51	8	0
n-(7-dimethylamino-4-methylcoumarinyl)maleimide N-(7-dimethylamino-4-methylcoumarinyl)maleimide: fluorescent thiol reagent; structure	1.99	1	0
1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol 1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol: used to locate cadmium not bound to metallothionein	2.43	2	0
pyrimidine dimers Pyrimidine Dimers: Dimers found in DNA chains damaged by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They consist of two adjacent PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOTIDES, usually THYMINE nucleotides, in which the pyrimidine residues are covalently joined by a cyclobutane ring. These dimers block DNA REPLICATION.	2.46	2	0
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	4.71	6	1	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde 2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde: structure in first source. 5-methoxysalicylaldehyde : A member of the class of benzaldehydes carrying hydroxy and methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 5 respectively.	2.06	1	0	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols
4-mercaptobenzoate 4-mercaptobenzoate: substrate for 4-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase	2.07	1	0
4-methyleneglutamic acid 4-methyleneglutamic acid: RN given refers to (DL-Glu)-isomer	1.96	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
nitrophenylgalactosides Nitrophenylgalactosides: Includes ortho-, meta-, and para-nitrophenylgalactosides.. 2-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactoside : A beta-D-galactoside having a 2-nitrophenyl substituent at the anomeric position.	2.69	3	0	beta-D-galactoside; C-nitro compound	chromogenic compound
s-(4-bromobenzyl)glutathione S-(4-bromobenzyl)glutathione: inhibits glyoxalase I; cleaved in extracellular medium by gamma-glutamyl transferase	1.96	1	0
n-tert-butylhydroxylamine N-tert-butylhydroxylamine: structure given in first source	2.01	1	0
n-succinimidyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate N-succinimidyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate: acylates free amino groups on proteins	1.96	1	0
3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine: potent & selective in vivo antagonist of adenosine analogs	1.99	1	0
phorbolol myristate acetate [no description available]	2.07	1	0
foxes Foxes: Any of several carnivores in the family CANIDAE, that possess erect ears and long bushy tails and are smaller than WOLVES. They are classified in several genera and found on all continents except Antarctica.	3.49	8	0
kemptide [no description available]	3.23	6	0
enkephalinamide-met, ala(2)- enkephalinamide-Met, Ala(2)-: synthetic enkephalin analog;	2.66	3	0
6-fluorobenzo(a)pyrene [no description available]	1.97	1	0
aeroplysinin i aeroplysinin I: isolated from sponge Aplysina sp.; RN refers to (1S-trans)-isomer; structure given in second source	2.08	1	0	tertiary alcohol
n-acetyldopamine N-acetyldopamine : A secondary carboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetic acid with the amino group of dopamine. A dopamine metabolite.	1.96	1	0	acetamides; catechols; N-(fatty acyl)-dopamine; secondary carboxamide	human urinary metabolite; marine metabolite
3,4-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol 3,4-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
2-hydroxyhydroquinonephthalein [no description available]	2.39	2	0
2'-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine [no description available]	1.96	1	0
tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5beta)-isomer	3.13	1	0	21-hydroxy steroid
methyl mannoside, (alpha-d)-isomer methylmannoside: RN given refers to (D)-isomer; see also record for 3-O-methylmannose. methyl alpha-D-mannoside : A methyl mannoside having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.	2.91	4	0	alpha-D-mannoside; methyl mannoside
2',3'-cyclic amp 2',3'-cyclic AMP: structure; ADENOSINE CYCLIC 2',3'-MONOPHOSPHATE was see ADENOSINE CYCLIC MONOPHOSPHATE 1980-93; use CYCLIC AMP to search ADENOSINE CYCLIC 2',3'-MONOPHOSPHATE 1980-93	1.96	1	0	2',3'-cyclic purine nucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite
tris(pentafluorophenyl)phosphine [no description available]	2.02	1	0
n-methyladenosine N-methyladenosine: is a inhibitor of cell differentiation. N(6)-methyladenosine : A methyladenosine compound with one methyl group attached to N(6) of the adenine nucleobase.	1.95	1	0	methyladenosine
glycylleucine glycylleucine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	1.94	1	0
leucine-beta-naphthylamide leucine-beta-naphthylamide: aminopeptidase substrate. L-leucine 2-naphthylamide : An L-leucine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-leucine with the amino group of 2-naphthylamine.	1.93	1	0	amino acid amide; L-leucine derivative; N-(2-naphthyl)carboxamide	chromogenic compound
2-amino-4-phenylbutyric acid 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	18.38	1,849	9	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group.	3.57	9	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound	metabolite
fulvestrant Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.	2.05	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist
hydrogen sulfite [no description available]	3.83	3	0	sulfur oxoanion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure in first source	4.34	20	0	polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
aflatoxin b1-2,3-oxide [no description available]	1.97	1	0	aflatoxin	human metabolite
yttrium radioisotopes Yttrium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of yttrium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Y atoms with atomic weights 82-88 and 90-96 are radioactive yttrium isotopes.	2.7	3	0
1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane 1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer	1.99	1	0
chlorates Chlorates: Inorganic salts of chloric acid that contain the ClO3- ion.	2.39	2	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
u 73122 1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: structure given in first source. U-73122 : An aza-steroid that is 3-O-methyl-17beta-estradiol in which the 17beta-hydroxy group is replaced by a 6-(maleimid-1-yl)hexylamino group. An inibitor of phospholipase C.	4.4	21	0	aromatic ether; aza-steroid; maleimides	EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system	4.74	30	0	oligopeptide
calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate: Molecular formula CaHPO(4)-2(H2O)	2.41	1	0	calcium salt; hydrate
vitamin b 6 Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.	2.33	2	0
1,4-dihydropyridine [no description available]	8.39	7	0
imipenem, anhydrous Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.	2.42	2	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carbapenems; zwitterion	antibacterial drug
quin2 Quin2: fluorescent highly selective Ca indicator, binding Ca 1:1; structure given in first source	4.05	15	0
s-nitrosoglutathione [no description available]	3.11	5	0	glutathione derivative; nitrosothio compound	bronchodilator agent; nitric oxide donor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; signalling molecule
acrylodan [no description available]	2.37	2	0
ecgonine methyl ester ecgonine methyl ester: major metabolite of cocaine; RN given refers to parent cpd (1R-(exo,exo))-isomer. ecgonine methyl ester : The O-debenzoyl analogue of cocaine.	2.13	1	0	methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	analgesic; central nervous system depressant; metabolite; mouse metabolite; opioid analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1h-imidazole 1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1H-imidazole: inhibits platelet aggregation & Ca2+ entry into platelets. SKF-96365 free base : An ether that is 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been substituted by a 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl group.	4.59	26	0	ether; imidazoles; monomethoxybenzene	TRP channel blocker
sr 48968 SR 48968: structure given in first source; neurokinin A antagonist; tachykinin receptor antagonist; SR 48965 is the inactive R-enantiomer of SR 48968	1.98	1	0
fluo-3 Fluo-3: fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator; permits continuous monitoring of Ca without interference with use of UV-sensitive caged compounds	3.5	8	0	xanthene dye	fluorochrome
paxilline paxilline: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2R-(2alpha,4bbeta,6aalpha,12bbeta,12calpha,14abeta))-isomer. paxilline : An indole diterpene alkaloid with formula C27H33NO4 isolated from Penicillium paxilli. It is a potent inhibitor of large conductance Ca2(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK)-type channels.	2.44	2	0	diterpene alkaloid; enone; organic heterohexacyclic compound; terpenoid indole alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	anticonvulsant; Aspergillus metabolite; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; genotoxin; geroprotector; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; potassium channel blocker
prolinedithiocarbamate prolinedithiocarbamate: do not confuse with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate which is also abbreviated PDTC	2.03	1	0
fructose 2,6-diphosphate fructose 2,6-diphosphate: phosphofructokinase activator synthesized via Mg-ATP & fructose-6-P. beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.	3.76	11	0	D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
cyanates Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N).	3.75	3	0
(3h)2-carbomethoxy-3-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane (1R-(exo,exo))-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane-2-carboxylic acid, methyl ester: RN given refers to (1R-(exo,exo))-isomer	2.03	1	0
indo-1 indo-1: structure given in first source	3.69	10	0	indoles	fluorochrome
fura-2-am fura-2-am: pentaester precursor of fura-2	3.86	12	0
12-deoxyphorbolphenylacetate 12-deoxyphorbolphenylacetate: RN given refers to (1aR-(1aalpha,1bbeta,4abeta,7aalpha,7balpha,8alpha,9aalpha))-isomer	1.98	1	0
quin2-acetoxymethyl ester Quin2-acetoxymethyl ester: structure given in first source	1.96	1	0
fluorocitrate fluorocitrate: competitve inhibitor of aconitase; effects morphology of kidney tubules in fluorocitrate poisoning; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	2.38	2	0	carbonyl compound
s-ethyl glutathione [no description available]	2.05	1	0	oligopeptide
3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate 3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate: a surfactant; structure given in first source	3.09	5	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate
bremazocine bremazocine: potent, log-acting opiate kappa-agonist & centrally acting analgesic; RN given refers to (2R)-isomer; structure given in first source	1.96	1	0
cgp 35348 CGP 35348: antagonizes both GABA-A and GABA-B receptors	1.98	1	0
22-hydroxycholesterol [no description available]	2.01	1	0	cholanoid
inositol 1-phosphate 1D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate : An inositol having myo- configuration substituted at position 1 by a phosphate group.	2.08	1	0
inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate: for cpd without numerical locants of phosphate groups, index INOSITOL PHOSPHATES. 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate : A myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate having the four phosphates placed in the 1-, 3-, 4- and 5-positions.	2.89	4	0	inositol phosphate
arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine: corresponds to cell attachment site of fibronectin; located near carboxyl-terminal region of alpha-chain of fibrinogen; inhibits platelet aggregation & fibrinogen binding to activated platelets	2.4	2	0
enkephalin, ser(2), leu(5), thr(6)- enkephalin, Ser(2), Leu(5), Thr(6)-: specific probe for the delta-opiate receptor subtype in brain membranes	2.37	2	0	oligopeptide
phorbol-12-myristate [no description available]	2.02	1	0
pisatin pisatin: phytoalexin produced in plants after injection with fungi; RN given refers to (6aS-cis)-isomer; structure	2.15	1	0
dityrosine dityrosine: o,o'-biphenol analog of tyrosine; isolated from insoluble protein of human cataractous lenses; structure. dityrosine : A biphenyl compound comprising two tyrosine residues linked at carbon-3 of their benzene rings.	2.4	2	0	biphenyls; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative	biomarker
phosphites Phosphites: Inorganic salts or organic esters of phosphorous acid that contain the (3-)PO3 radical. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). phosphite(3-) : A trivalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of all three protons from phosphorous acid.	8.19	5	0	phosphite ion; trivalent inorganic anion
2'-5'-oligoadenylate trimer 2',5'-oligoadenylate: inhibits protein synthesis in cell-free systems	2.37	2	0
n(delta)-(n-methyl-n-nitrosocarbamoyl)-l-ornithine [no description available]	2.82	2	0
4-desmethoxyverapamil [no description available]	2.66	3	0
n(g)-iminoethylornithine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid
3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine: a potent agonst of metabotropic glutamate receptors	2	1	0	alpha-amino acid
ml 9 [no description available]	2.4	2	0
parthenolide [no description available]	7.13	1	0	germacranolide
selenodiglutathione selenodiglutathione : A thioselenide in which a selenium atom is attached to the sulfur atoms of two molecules of glutathione. It is an initial metabolite of selenite, SeO3(2-).	2.31	1	0	glutathione derivative; thioselenide	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite
sapintoxin a sapintoxin A: from unripe fruits of Sapium indicum; rapidly acting proinflammatory agent on mammalian skin, but considerably less potent than tetradecanoylphorbol acetate; structure in first source	1.98	1	0
rx 821002 2-methoxyidazoxan: 2-methoxy analog of idazoxan. 2-methoxyidazoxan : A benzodioxine that is idazoxan substituted at position 2 by a methoxy group.	1.99	1	0	benzodioxine; cyclic ketal; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate [no description available]	1.97	1	0	deoxyaldohexose phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
senktide [no description available]	1.98	1	0
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.	4.42	22	0	2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent
1,n(6)-ethenoadenosine 1,N(6)-ethenoadenosine: fluorescent probe; structure	1.96	1	0
ci 988 PD 134308: selective cholecystokinin type B receptor antagonist; inhibits growth of LoVo, a human colon cancer cell line; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.	3.91	13	0
anserine Anserine: A dipeptide containing BETA-ALANINE.. anserine : A dipeptide comprising of beta-alanine and 3-methyl-L-histidine units.	1.95	1	0	beta-alanine derivative; dipeptide; zwitterion	animal metabolite; mouse metabolite
leucinamide leucinamide: leucine aminopeptidase alternative substrate to leucyl beta naphthylamide; RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer	1.96	1	0
5,6-dihydroxyindole [no description available]	1.96	1	0	dihydroxyindole	mouse metabolite
homoorientin homoorientin: isolated from Swertia japonica; structure given in first source	4.8	1	1	flavone C-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; radical scavenger
valerates Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters.	3.56	9	0	short-chain fatty acid anion; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	plant metabolite
florfenicol florfenicol: structure given in first source. florfenicol : A carboxamide that is the N-dichloroacetyl derivative of (1R,2S)-2-amino-3-fluoro-1-[4-(methanesulfonyl)phenyl]propan-1-ol. A synthetic veterinary antibiotic that is used for treatment of bovine respiratory disease and foot rot; also used in aquaculture.	2.13	1	0	organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; secondary alcohol; secondary carboxamide; sulfone	antimicrobial agent
u 73343 U 73343: an inactive analog of U 73122	2.91	4	0
trichodiene trichodiene: precursor of trichothecin; RN given refers to (S-(R,R))-isomer; structure	1.99	1	0	sesquiterpene
1,5(10)-estradiene-3,4,17-trione 1,5(10)-estradiene-3,4,17-trione: structure given in first source. estra-1,5(10)-diene-3,4,17-trione : An o-quinone resulting from the formal oxidation of the dihydroxyphenyl moiety of 4-hydroxyestrone.	1.96	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1) steroid; orthoquinones	human metabolite
thromboxanes thromboxane : A class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.	2.37	2	0
tanshinone tanshinone: from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; RN given refers to tanshinone I; cardioprotective agent and neuroprotective agent	2.02	1	0	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
cinnabarinic acid cinnabarinic acid: structure	7.36	2	0	phenoxazine
1,2-dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine [no description available]	2.05	1	0
tert-butylbicyclo-2-benzoate tert-butylbicyclo-2-benzoate: structure given in first source; RN given refers to tritium-labeled cpd	1.97	1	0
s-sulphocysteine S-sulphocysteine: residues in physiologically significant proteins treated with sulfite; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. S-sulfo-L-cysteine : An S-substituted L-cysteine where the S-substituent is specified as a sulfo group.	1.97	1	0	organic thiosulfate; S-substituted L-cysteine	human metabolite; plant metabolite
monobutyryl cyclic amp monobutyryl cyclic AMP: RN given refers to parent cpd. N(6)-butyryl-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP in which the exocyclic amino group on the purine fragment is carrying a butyryl substituent.	1.96	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; butanamides	protein kinase agonist
trypanothione trypanothione disulfide : An organic disulfide resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol groups of N(1),N(8)-bis(glutathionyl)-spermidine from the insect-parasitic trypanosomatid Crithidia fasciculata.	2.02	1	0	organic disulfide
ponasterone a ponasterone A: RN given refers to (2 beta,3 beta,5 beta,22R)-isomer	2.05	1	0	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; 6-oxo steroid; phytoecdysteroid
brassinolide brassinolide: plant growth promoting steroidal lactone from rape pollen; RN given refers to (2alpha,3alpha,5alpha,22R,23R,24S)-isomer; structure in first source	7.11	1	0	22-hydroxy steroid; 23-hydroxy steroid; 2alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; brassinosteroid	plant growth stimulator; plant hormone
3'-o-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate 3'-O-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate: purinergic receptors agonist; structure given in first source	2.4	2	0	purine ribonucleoside triphosphate
4-bromo-a-23187 4-bromo-A-23187: ionophore with enhanced calcium ion transport specificity	2.5	2	0
glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-seryl-proline glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-seryl-proline: can duplicate the binding activity of fibronectin vitronectin; RN given refers to ALL-L isomer	2.7	3	0
chymosin Chymosin: The predominant milk-clotting enzyme from the true stomach or abomasum of the suckling calf. It is secreted as an inactive precursor called prorennin and converted in the acid environment of the stomach to the active enzyme. EC 3.4.23.4.	1.94	1	0
gallium nitride [no description available]	2.44	2	0
n-(2-acetamido)iminodiacetic acid N-(2-acetamido)iminodiacetic acid: structure. 2,2'-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)imino]diacetic acid : A tricarboxylic acid amide that is a Good's buffer substance, pKa = 6.6 at 20 degreeC.	6.95	1	0	ADA; dicarboxylic acid; tricarboxylic acid amide
n-(4-(2-benzimidazolyl)phenyl)maleimide [no description available]	1.98	1	0
3-mercaptopicolinic acid 3-mercaptopicolinic acid: gluconeogenesis inhibitor; may also inhibit ATP-dependentphosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase	2.88	4	0
2',3'-dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate 2',3'-dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate: inhibits vesicular stomatitis virus RNA synthesis	1.97	1	0
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde : A phenylacetaldehyde in which the 3 and 4 positions of the phenyl group are substituted by hydroxy groups.	2.1	1	0	alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde; catechols; phenylacetaldehydes	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
astilbin astilbin: dihydroflavonol from Kohki tea processed from Engelhardtia chrysolepis (huang-qui); astilbin is the (2R-trans)-isomer; neoisoastilbin is the (2S-cis)-isomer and is Sweetening Agents; isoastilbin is the (2R-cis)-isomer; structure in first source;. astilbin : A flavanone glycoside that is (+)-taxifolin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.	7.21	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; alpha-L-rhamnoside; flavanone glycoside; monosaccharide derivative; tetrahydroxyflavanone	anti-inflammatory agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
cucurbitacins [no description available]	1.98	1	0	11-oxo steroid
morphiceptin morphiceptin: synthetic tetrapeptide with morphinelike activities, highly specific for morphine receptors, but not for enkephalin receptors; is the amide of a fragment of the milk protein beta casein; deproceptin is the D-Pro(4)-isomer; see also related heptapeptide beta-casomorphin; RN given refers to parent cpd(L-Tyr-L-Pro-L-Phe-L-Pro)-isomer	1.96	1	0	oligopeptide
n-methylprotoporphyrin ix N-methylprotoporphyrin IX: inhibitor of ferrochelatase	1.96	1	0
caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.	2.93	4	0	fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5,6-dihydroxy-2-indolylcarboxylic acid 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid : A dihydroxyindole that is indole-2-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 6.	1.96	1	0	dihydroxyindole	mouse metabolite
s-lactoylglutathione [no description available]	2.67	3	0
4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-d-mannoside 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-mannopyranoside: see also record for (alpha)-isomer	2.65	3	0
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid: structure given in first source. DOTA : An azamacrocyle in which four nitrogen atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 of a twelve-membered ring are each substituted with a carboxymethyl group.	2.82	3	0	azamacrocycle	chelator; copper chelator
lacto-n-neotetraose lacto-N-neotetraose: binds human cold agglutinin	2.05	1	0
calpain inhibitor 2 calpain inhibitor 2: inhibits degradation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and some other cysteine proteinases	2.11	1	0	peptide
rges peptide [no description available]	1.98	1	0
xymedon xymedon: nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound; Russian patent; antiatherogenic; used for treatment of burns; used on varicose ulcer	3.41	1	1
thymidine 3',5'-diphosphate [no description available]	1.98	1	0
chitotriose chitotriose : An amino trisaccharide comprising of three 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose units joined by beta-(1->4) linkages.	1.97	1	0
fluorescein 5-maleimide [no description available]	1.97	1	0
zoxamide zoxamide: no further info available 4/02. zoxamide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-zoxamide. A fungicide used for the control of various fungal infections including blight in potatoes and tomatoes.. 3,5-dichloro-N-(1-chloro-3-methyl-2-oxopentan-3-yl)-4-methylbenzamide : A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3,5-dichloro-4-methylbenzamide with the amino group of 3-amino-1-chloro-3-methylpentan-2-one.	2.04	1	0	alpha-chloroketone; benzamides; dichlorobenzene
gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-n,n',n'',n'''-tetraacetate gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetate: RN refers to Na salt	2.83	3	0
kadsurenone kadsurenone: platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist from Chinese herbal plant, haifenteng; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2s-(2alpha,3beta,3aalpha))-isomer	1.96	1	0	benzofurans
rti 121 RTI 121: structure given in first source; selectively binds to dopamine transporters	2.04	1	0
2-carboxyarabinitol 1,5-biphosphate [no description available]	1.97	1	0	ribonic acid phosphate
magnesium pyrophosphate magnesium pyrophosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd (2:1)	1.97	1	0
1-ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)carbodiimide methiodide [no description available]	1.97	1	0
hexaamminecobalt(ii) hexaamminecobalt(II): RN given refers to parent cpd	2.41	2	0
dansylglutamyl-glycyl-arginine chloromethyl ketone dansylglutamyl-glycyl-arginine chloromethyl ketone: inactivates bovine factor Xa	1.97	1	0
4-aminophenylphosphate 4-aminophenylphosphate: RN refers to di-Ag salt; structure given in first source	2.42	2	0
san 202791 SAN 202791: (-) & (+) stereoisomers have opposite effects as calcium channel antagonist & agonist respectively; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
erythrose 4-phosphate erythrose 4-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R,R))-isomer. D-erythrose 4-phosphate : An erythrose phosphate that is D-erythrose carrying a phosphate group at position 4. It is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway and Calvin cycle.	2.44	2	0	erythrose phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
celastrol [no description available]	2.25	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; metabolite
imidodiphosphonic acid imidodiphosphonic acid: in combination with technetrium, a superior radiopharmaceutical for myocardial infarct imaging; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.42	2	0
phosphate-binding proteolipid phosphate-binding proteolipid: MW appx 3000; binds inorganic phosphate with high affinity & specificity; from rabbit kidney brush border membranes	1.97	1	0
methyleneimine methyleneimine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	aldimine; one-carbon compound
phenoxy radical phenoxy radical : An organic radical generated from phenol.	2.11	1	0	organic radical
carbene carbene: electrically neutral species H2C: and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons; carbene is the name of the parent hydride :CH2 ; hence, the name dichlorocarbene for :CCl2. However, names for acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons containing one or more divalent carbon atoms are derived from the name of the corresponding all-4-hydrocarbon using the suffix -ylidene; methylene carbene also available. carbene : The electrically neutral species H2C(2.) and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons, which may be spin-paired (singlet state) or spin-non-paired (triplet state).	3.47	7	0	carbene; methanediyl
disiloxane [no description available]	2.11	1	0	siloxane
peroxynitrous acid Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).	4.49	22	0	nitrogen oxoacid
perchlorate perchlorate: the explosive component of rocket fuel; an environmental contaminant that disrupts THYROID HORMONES. perchlorate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of perchloric acid.	2.76	3	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
cyclopropanol [no description available]	3.85	3	0	aliphatic alcohol; cyclopropanes
fullerene c60 Fullerenes: A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.. fullerene : A compound composed solely of an even number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycyclic system with twelve five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The term has been broadened to include any closed cage structure consisting entirely of three-coordinate carbon atoms.	3.16	5	0	fullerene	geroprotector
2-nitrophenylgalactoside 2-nitrophenylgalactoside: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.44	2	0
ribulose-1,5 diphosphate ribulose-1,5 diphosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate : A ribulose phosphate that is D-ribulose attached to phosphate groups at positions 1 and 5. It is an intermediate in photosynthesis.	1.97	1	0	ribulose phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
rhod-2 rhod-2: calcium indicator	2.92	4	0
cholesterol hydroperoxide cholesterol hydroperoxide: RN given refers to (3beta,5beta)-isomer	1.98	1	0
speract speract: decapeptide associated with sea urchin eggs; activates spermatozoa	1.98	1	0
diadenosine 5',5''''-p1,p6-hexaphosphate diadenosine 5',5''''-P1,P6-hexaphosphate: inhibits the action of ribonuceotide reductase on ADP. P(1),P(6)-bis(5'-adenosyl)hexaphosphate : A diadenosyl hexaphosphate in which the two adenosin-5'-yl groups are attached at the P(1) and P(6) positions.	2.71	3	0	diadenosyl hexaphosphate	vasoconstrictor agent
adenophostin a adenophostin A: structure given in first source; an inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate agonist isolated from Penicillium brevicompactum	1.99	1	0	disaccharide phosphate
cdp ethanolamine [no description available]	2.69	3	0	nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s; phosphoethanolamine	mouse metabolite
aerobactin [no description available]	1.99	1	0	L-lysine derivative	Escherichia coli metabolite; siderophore; virulence factor
proctolin proctolin: neurotransmitter in arthropods or invertebrates	2.38	2	0
glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine: synthetic peptide from fibronectins; inhibits experimental metastasis of murine melanoma cells	1.97	1	0
dihydrotetrabenazine dihydrotetrabenazine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	7.8	3	0	isoquinolines
cyclic adp-ribose Cyclic ADP-Ribose: A pyridine nucleotide that mobilizes CALCIUM. It is synthesized from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by ADP RIBOSE CYCLASE.	2.71	3	0	cyclic purine nucleotide; nucleotide-sugar	metabolite; ryanodine receptor agonist
bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate: structure given in first source	1.96	1	0
cgp 28392 CGP 28392: partial calcium channel agonist; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0	aromatic ether
3-tyr-octreotide 3-Tyr-octreotide: cyclic octapeptide analog of somatostatin; potent somatostatin agonist; RN given refers to (R-(R,R))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 3/90	1.97	1	0
6-hydroxydopa quinone 6-hydroxydopa quinone: structure given in first source; quinoid cofactor of quinoproteins; RN given refers to the 4-hydroxy-3,6-dioxo- tautomer. L-topaquinone : A topaquinone that has S configuration.	2.02	1	0
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone 1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone: structure given in first source. 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one : A differentiation-inducing factor that is hexaphenone bearing two chloro substituents at positions 3 and 5, two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as a single methoxy substituent at position 4. A secreted, chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.	5.42	24	0	dichlorobenzene; differentiation-inducing factor; monomethoxybenzene; resorcinols	eukaryotic metabolite; signalling molecule
rmi 12330a RMI 12330A: adenyl cyclase inhibitor in rat liver; RN given refers to (cis)-isomer; NM refers to HCl, (cis)-isomer; structure	2.46	2	0
n(omega)-hydroxyarginine N(omega)-hydroxyarginine: can cause vasorelaxation of bovine intrapulmonary artery; structure given in first source. N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine : An N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine in which the double bond has Z-configuration.	2.43	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; N(5)-[(E)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine; N(5)-[(hydroxyamino)(imino)methyl]ornithine; N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine; N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine; N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine; N(omega)-hydroxy-L-arginine
phosphohistidine phosphohistidine: RN given refers to N-phosphono-L-histidine	1.98	1	0
n-acetylneuraminoyllactose 3'-sialyllactose: structure in first source	1.98	1	0
indo-1 pentaacetoxymethyl ester Indo-1 pentaacetoxymethyl ester: calcium-specific chelating agent; calcium ion fluorescent probe	1.99	1	0
naadp nicotinic acid-adenine dinucleotide phosphate : A nicotinic acid dinucleotide that is NADP(+) in which the carboxamide group on the pyridine ring is replaced by a carboxy group.	2.05	1	0	nicotinic acid dinucleotide	calcium channel agonist; metabolite; signalling molecule
9-o-acetyl-n-acetylneuraminic acid [no description available]	1.96	1	0	N-acetyl-O-acetylneuraminic acid
e 64 E 64: cysteine protease inhibitor of microbial origin, which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.-)	2.01	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoamide; epoxy monocarboxylic acid; guanidines; L-leucine derivative; zwitterion	antimalarial; antiparasitic agent; protease inhibitor
galactosylhydroxylysine galactosylhydroxylysine: found in collagen & basement membranes; presence in urine can be used to determine collagen metabolism	1.95	1	0	5-glycosyloxy-L-lysine
pca 4230 PCA 4230: platelet activating factor inhibitor	1.98	1	0
1,4,7-triazacyclononane-n,n',n''-triacetic acid 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N',N''-triacetic acid: structure given in first source	2.4	2	0
o(2)-ethylthymidine O(2)-ethylthymidine: formed by treatment of rat liver DNA by diethylnitrosamine	1.98	1	0
anthroylouabain anthroylouabain: structure	1.95	1	0
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: do not confuse with phosphatidylinositols which have fatty acids esterified at the C-1 and C-2 hydroxyl groups of glycerol	3.37	7	0
desacetylnantradol desacetylnantradol: active metabolite of nantradol; use STEREOISOMERS if levo cpd is discussed	1.96	1	0
gyki 53655 GYKI 53655: an AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate) receptor antagonist	1.99	1	0
lavendustin c6 lavendustin C6: structure given in first source	2	1	0
methotrexate [no description available]	3.1	5	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
dihydroethidium dihydroethidium: RN given is for the (+-)-isomer	2.43	2	0
2-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-1-diethylaminoethyl-5-isothiocyanatobenzimidazole 2-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-1-diethylaminoethyl-5-isothiocyanatobenzimidazole: site directed alkylating agent; selective agonist for mu receptors	1.96	1	0
ovothiol c ovothiol C: confers NAD(P)H-O2 oxidoreductase activity on ovoperoxidase; from sea urchin eggs; structure given in first source. ovothiol C : A L-histidine derivative that is N,N-dimethyl-L-histidine substituted at positions N3 and C5 on the imidazole ring by methyl and mercapto groups respectively.	1.96	1	0	aryl thiol; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-histidine derivative	antioxidant; marine metabolite; radical scavenger
1-methyl-4-(2'-ethylphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine [no description available]	6.99	1	0
s-nitrosocaptopril S-nitrosocaptopril: manifests nitrovasodilatory activity, inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme activity & inhibits platelet aggregation	7.11	1	0
4-hydroxy-25-desoxyneorollinicin 4-hydroxy-25-desoxyneorollinicin: isol from Rollina papilionella; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
bis-benzimidazole bis-benzimidazole: in vitro inhibitor of arenavirus synthesis; studied in treatment of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infections; also used as its di-HCl salt, A37536; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure	7.06	1	0
dexpanthenol dexpanthenol: The alcohol of pantothenic acid	3.64	1	1	amino alcohol; monocarboxylic acid amide	cholinergic drug; provitamin
2-(4-(biscarboxymethyl)amino-3-(carboxymethoxy)phenyl)-1h-indole-6-carboxylic acid 2-(4-(biscarboxymethyl)amino-3-(carboxymethoxy)phenyl)-1H-indole-6-carboxylic acid: used for measuring intracellular magnesium concentration	1.99	1	0
l 690330 L 690330: structure given in first source	2.17	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)
a 62176 A 62176: InChIKey: OLNJLTFSGFZCKE-JTQLQIEISA-N	1.98	1	0
omega-n-methylarginine omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.	3.1	5	0	amino acid zwitterion; arginine derivative; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
5'-(4-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl)adenosine 5'-(4-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl)adenosine: affinity label of the inhibitory DPNH site of bovine liver dehydrogenase; adenosylhomocysteinase antagonist; structure	3.36	7	0
carbapenems [no description available]	2.07	1	0
catechol-3,6-bis(methyleneiminodiacetic acid) catechol-3,6-bis(methyleneiminodiacetic acid): used in treatment of uranium intoxication; structure given in first source	2.15	1	0
ethylketocyclazocine Ethylketocyclazocine: A kappa opioid receptor agonist. The compound has analgesic action and shows positive inotropic effects on the electrically stimulated left atrium. It also affects various types of behavior in mammals such as locomotion, rearing, and grooming.	1.96	1	0
xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source	5.66	26	0	D-xylose
quinone methide quinone methide: intermediate in eumelanin biosynthesis; structure given in first source. quinomethane : A methylidenecyclohexadienone, formally derived from a benzoquinone by replacement of one of the quinone oxygens by a methylidene group.	3.13	1	0	quinomethane
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	11.66	53	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae: The gourd plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is sometimes placed in its own order, Cucurbitales. 'Melon' generally refers to CUCUMIS; CITRULLUS; or MOMORDICA.	2.42	2	0
bis(1,10-phenanthroline)copper(2+) ion bis(1,10-phenanthroline)copper(2+) ion: RN given refers to (Cu+2) cation	2	1	0
acetyl 4-aminosalicylic acid [no description available]	2.06	1	0
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.31	1	0	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
peptide elongation factor 2 Peptide Elongation Factor 2: Peptide Elongation Factor 2 catalyzes the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the A site to the P site of eukaryotic ribosomes by a process linked to the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP.	1.97	1	0
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	3.01	3	0	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
threonic acid threonic acid: RN given refers to (R,S)-isomer	2.01	1	0	threonic acid
cariporide cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2	1	0
copper bis(histidinate) copper bis(histidinate): RN given refers to N,N(3),O(L)-isomer	2.04	1	0
zinc glycinate zinc glycinate: glycoprotein marker of gastrointestinal cancer	2.08	1	0
moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.	2.1	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug
3'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate [no description available]	2.01	1	0
mn(iii) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(n-methylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin [no description available]	2.73	3	0
borneo Borneo: An island in the Malay Archipelago, east of Sumatra, north of Java, and west of Celebes. It is the third largest island in the world. Its name is a Portuguese alteration of BRUNEI, located on it. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p163; Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p73)	2.53	2	0	organofluorine acaricide
phorbols Phorbols: The parent alcohol of the tumor promoting compounds from CROTON OIL (Croton tiglium).	2.88	4	0	diterpene; terpenoid fundamental parent
cyanopindolol [no description available]	1.99	1	0	indoles
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	1.99	1	0	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	5.35	54	0	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
versicolorins versicolorins: see also records for versicolorin A & versicolorin C; structure	1.95	1	0
adenosine 3'-phosphate-5'-phosphate adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate : An adenosine bisphosphate having two monophosphate groups at the 3'- and 5'-positions.	2.02	1	0	adenosine bisphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
dialuminum magnesium tetraoxide spinell: mineral that can be colored to match dentin	3.96	11	0
calcium aluminate [no description available]	2.77	3	0
cerium phosphate cerium phosphate: intermediate product in cerium-based technique for staining lysosomal enzymes	1.96	1	0
indium trichloride indium trichloride: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0
sodium percarbonate sodium percarbonate: RN given refers to unspecified Na salt	8.41	4	0
singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.	4.96	11	0	chalcogen; monoatomic oxygen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
bandrowski's base Bandrowski's base: reported cause of anaphylactic reaction; structure given in first source. Bandrowski's base : A quinone imine having amino substituents in the 2- and 5-positions and 4-aminophenyl substituents on both of the imine nitrogens. It is a trimer formed from 1,4-phenylenediamine.	2.1	1	0
manganese protoporphyrin [no description available]	3.23	6	0
peroxymonosulfate peroxymonosulfate: oxidizing agent in prevention of tooth discoloration; RN given refers to ion(2-)	4.29	13	0	sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
fenton's reagent Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols	3.31	6	0
angiotensin ii, asp(1)-val(5)- angiotensin II, Asp(1)-Val(5)-: RN given refers to (L-Asp-L-Val)-isomer	1.97	1	0
carbodiimides Carbodiimides: Compounds with the general formula RN=C=NR, where R is a hydrocarbyl group.. methanediimine : A carbodiimide in which both nitrogens are unsubstituted.	3.46	8	0	carbodiimide
carbazic acid [no description available]	2.25	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; one-carbon compound
3,5-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxystilbene [no description available]	2.41	1	0
3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate: do not confuse with 5-DAHP (5-dehydro-3-deoxyarabinoheptulosonic acid-7-phosphate) or with 2,4-DAHP (2,4-diaminohypoxanthine) which are also referred to as DAHP. 7-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonic acid : A ketoaldonic acid phosphate consisting of 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonic acid having a phospho group at the 7-position.	2.01	1	0	ketoaldonic acid phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite
inositol 2-monophosphate 1D-myo-inositol 2-phosphate : A myo-inositol monophosphate in which the phosphate group is located at the 2-position.. 1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate : An inositol having myo- configuration substituted at position 5 by a phosphate group.	1.97	1	0
silicomolybdate [no description available]	1.98	1	0
zirconium phosphate zirconium phosphate: reagent for carcinoembryonic antigen determination in plasma from patients having benign or malignant disease; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified ratio	3.06	1	0
2'-deoxythymidylyl-(3'-5')-2'-deoxyadenosine [no description available]	2.38	2	0
n(6)-(n-threonylcarbonyl)adenosine N(6)-(N-threonylcarbonyl)adenosine: anticodon adjacent nucleoside; occurs at3'end of anticodon in most tRNA's whih read codons beginning with adenosine;RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-[(9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurin-6-yl)carbamoyl]threonine : An N-(adenosin-N(6)-ylcarbonyl)threonine in which the threonine portion has L-configuration.	1.96	1	0	L-threonine derivative; N-(adenosin-N(6)-ylcarbonyl)threonine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
deferrioxamine e deferrioxamine E: may act as siderophore in Streptomyces. desferrioxamine E : A cyclic hydroxamic acid siderophore that is produced by several bacterial species and exhibits antitumour activity.	2.11	1	0	cyclic desferrioxamine; cyclic hydroxamic acid; macrocycle	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; siderophore
ammonium tungsten antimonate hydroxide oxide ammonium tungsten antimonate hydroxide oxide: heteropolyanion mineral active in protecting against murine leukemia & sarcoma viruses; central cage ion is sodium in HPA 23 & potassium in HPA 39	1.97	1	0
3-(n-acetyl-n-hydroxy)aminopropylphosphonic acid 3-(N-acetyl-N-hydroxy)aminopropylphosphonic acid: from Streptomyces rubellomurinus sp. nov.; interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	phosphonoacetic acid
dopamine quinone dopamine quinone: product of the autoxidation of dopamine. dopaminoquinone : A member of the class of 1,2-benzoquinones that is 1,2-benzoquinone in which a hydrogen at para to one of the oxo groups has been replaced by a 2-aminoethyl group.	2.07	1	0	1,2-benzoquinones; primary amino compound	metabolite
bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
manganese desferioxamine manganese desferioxamine: mimic of superoxide dismutase	2.92	4	0
methylinositol methylinositol: from Ebenus haussknechtii; structure in first source. pinitol : A cyclitol ether formed by etherification of the 3-hydroxy group of chiro-inositol. It is plant metabolite isolated from the leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens.. 1D-4-O-methyl-myo-inositol : A member of the class of methyl myo-inositols that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 (the 1R,2S,3S,4S,5S,6S-isomer).. D-pinitol : The D-enantiomer of pinitol.	2.02	1	0
thymidine 5'-diphosphate thymidine 5'-diphosphate: see also record for thymidine 3',5'-diphosphate, RN 2863-04-9. dTDP : A thymidine phosphate having a diphosphate group at the 5'-position.	2	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate; thymidine phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
cupric hydroxide copper hydroxide: used as an antifungal agent	2.6	1	0	organic molecular entity
ferric acetate [no description available]	1.96	1	0
tetraphenylphosphonium tetraphenylphosphonium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tetraphenylphosphonium : A polyatomic cation consisting of four phenyl groups attached to a central phosphonium.	2.37	2	0	heteroorganic entity; phosphorus molecular entity; polyatomic cation
thymidine 5'-4-nitrophenyl phosphate thymidine 5'-4-nitrophenyl phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-nitrophenyl thymidine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate that is the mono-p-nitrophenyl ester of thymidine 5'-monophosphate.	2.01	1	0	aryl phosphate; C-nitro compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate
diadenosine triphosphate [no description available]	2.7	3	0	diadenosyl triphosphate	mouse metabolite
lauroyl-coenzyme a lauroyl-CoA : A medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of lauric (dodecanoic) acid.	2.01	1	0	medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
n-acetylhomocysteine N-acetylhomocysteine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	1.98	1	0
diethylenetriaminetetraacetic acid diethylenetriaminetetraacetic acid: structure given in first source	2.57	2	0
metaperiodate metaperiodate: RN given refers to periodic acid, Na salt; structure. periodate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of periodic acid.	5.31	17	0	iodine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
thiophosphoric acid thiophosphoric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0	phosphorothioic acid
potassium iron(iii) hexacyanoferrate (ii) potassium iron(III) hexacyanoferrate (II): used in treatment of thallium poisoning	2	1	0
2'-deoxy-3'-adenosine monophosphate 2'-deoxy-3'-adenosine monophosphate: inhibitor of adenylate cyclase; see also record for 2',5' cpd. 2'-deoxyadenosine 3'-monophosphate : A 2'-deoxyadenosine phosphate having a monophosphate group located at the 3'-position.	2.39	2	0	2'-deoxyadenosine phosphate; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 3'-monophosphate
vilmafix blue a-r Vilmafix Blue A-R: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
calcium magnesium phosphate calcium magnesium phosphate: Russian trade name	2.05	1	0
formyl phosphate [no description available]	1.94	1	0	acyl monophosphate; one-carbon compound
aminochrome 1 dopaminechrome: structure given in first source. dopaminechrome (enol form) : A member of the class of indolones that is 3,5-dihydro-2H-indole substituted by an oxo group at position 5 and a hydroxy group at position 6.. dopaminechrome (keto form) : A member of the class of indoledione that is 2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-indole carrying oxo groups at positions 5 and 6; major microspecies at pH 7.3. It is an endogenous compound formed during dopamine oxidation and can induce neurotoxicity under certain aberrant conditions and induce Parkinson-like syndrome.	1.98	1	0	indoledione; orthoquinones	neurotoxin
bathocuproine disulfonate bathocuproine sulfonate: reagent for copper; RN given refers to parent cpd. bathocuproine disulfonic acid : A phenanthroline that consists of 1,10-phenanthroline bearing two methyl groups at position 2 and 9 as well as two 4-sulfophenyl groups at positions 4 and 7.. copper chelator : A chelator that is any compound containing a ligand (typically organic) which is able to form a bond to a central copper atom at two or more points.	2.4	2	0	arenesulfonic acid; phenanthrolines	chelator
molybdenum blue molybdenum blue: spray reagent prepared by dissolving molybdenum trioxide in H2SO4 & adding powdered molybdenum; for staining phospholipids in thin layer chromatography	1.93	1	0
isopulegol isopulegol: isolated from Mentha cardiaca structure in first source	2.17	1	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid	metabolite
aza-epsilon-atp aza-epsilon-ATP: fluorescent; structure	1.96	1	0
galactosyl-1,3-n-acetylglucosamine galactosyl-1,3-N-acetylglucosamine: an important unit in carbohydrate structures of various antigens, including Lewis A and B	1.99	1	0
adenosine 5'-o-(1-thiodiphosphate) adenosine 5'-O-(1-thiodiphosphate): do not confuse with ADP beta S	1.97	1	0
n,n'-bis(salicylideneamino)ethane-manganese(ii) N,N'-bis(salicylideneamino)ethane-manganese(II): structure given in first source	4.5	7	0
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	5.95	35	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
o-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonate O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonate: phosphonate ester substrate for nitrophenyl phosphatase; RN & N1 from CI Form Index; cpd not in Chemline 7/7/83	1.97	1	0
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	7.58	45	1	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
manganese (iii) hematoporphyrin manganese (III) hematoporphyrin: potential MR contrast agent	1.97	1	0
cystinylglycine cystinylglycine: found in human blood plasma	2.06	1	0
magnesium-pyridoxal-5'-phosphate glutamate [no description available]	1.98	1	0
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	5.86	32	0
lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.	7.14	66	0
mesotrione mesotrione: brandname is after the Callistemon (MYRTACEAE) plant it was found in; structure in first source. mesotrione : An aromatic ketone that is cyclohexa-1,3-dione in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(methanesulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzoyl group.	2.17	1	0	aromatic ketone; beta-triketone; C-nitro compound; sulfone	carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
n(2),3-ethenoguanine N(2),3-ethenoguanine: formed from 2-halooxiranes. N(2),3-ethenoguanine : A nucleobase analogue obtained by addition of an etheno group across positions N2 and 3 of guanine.	1.97	1	0	imidazopurine; nucleobase analogue
cilengitide Cilengitide: an alphaVbeta3 integrin antagonist that paralyzes cancer cells	2.01	1	0	oligopeptide
homocysteic acid homocysteic acid: promotes growth in hypophysectomized rats; RN given refers to parent cpd. homocysteic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group has benn oxidised to the corresponding sulfonic acid.. L-homocysteic acid : A homocysteic acid with L-configuration.	2.36	2	0	homocysteic acid	NMDA receptor agonist
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.	8.11	32	1	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
nickel monoxide [no description available]	3.52	8	0
dimethylarsinous acid dimethylarsinous acid: a reactive organic intermediate of dimethylarsinic acid involved in toxicity	2.07	1	0	methylarsinous acid
aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	8.49	8	0	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite
1,4,7-triazacyclononane 1,4,7-triazacyclononane: structure given in first source	8.14	5	0	azacycloalkane; crown amine; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
arabinose 5-phosphate arabinose 5-phosphate: RN given refers to (D)-isomer. D-arabinose 5-phosphate : An arabinose phosphate that is D-arabinose having a phosphate substituent at position 5.. aldehydo-D-arabinose 5-phosphate : The 5-phospho derivative of D-arabinose. It is an intermediate in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides.	2	1	0	D-arabinose 5-phosphate
manganese(iii) porphyrin manganese(III) porphyrin: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index	2.01	1	0
isochorismic acid isochorismic acid: structure given in first source	2.01	1	0	5-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]-6-hydroxycyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid
2'-deoxymugineic acid 2'-deoxymugineic acid: structure given in first source	2.21	1	0	tricarboxylic acid
arabinonate-5-phosphate arabinonate-5-phosphate: competitive inhibitor of glucosephosphate isomerase	2.02	1	0
3,7-diazabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane 3,7-diazabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane: 7-aza analog of azabicyclane; structure	2.11	1	0
veratrylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether veratrylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether: structure given in first source. veratrylglycerol beta-guaiacyl ether : A idol that is propane-1,3-diol substituted by a 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl group at position 1 and a 2-methoxyphenoxy group at position 2 respectively.	1.97	1	0	dimethoxybenzene; diol
gamma-glutamyl phosphate [no description available]	1.97	1	0	gamma-glutamyl phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenylalanyl adenylate phenylalanyl adenylate: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2	1	0
desferri-ferricrocin desferri-ferricrocin: sideramine from Aspergillus viridi-nutans; acts also as microbial iron chelator which inhibits growth of P. falciparum	2.1	1	0
carbostimulin [no description available]	2.36	2	0
3-bromo-2-ketoglutarate 3-bromo-2-ketoglutarate: active site reagent for NADP+ dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase	1.97	1	0
2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-o-(1-thiotriphosphate) 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-O-(1-thiotriphosphate): RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure.	2	1	0
pd 140376 PD 140376: a highly selective antagonist radioligand for the cholecystokinin(B)-gastrin receptor in guinea pig cerebral cortex & gastric mucosa; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
chlorite [no description available]	7.06	1	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
fe(iii)-edta Fe(III)-EDTA: iron fortifying agent; RN given refers to parent cpd	7.9	4	0	iron coordination entity
prizes acetamiprid: structure in first source. (E)-acetamiprid : The (E)-stereoisomer of acetamiprid.. acetamiprid : A carboxamidine that is acetamidine in which the amino hydrogens are substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl and a methyl group while the hydrogen attached to the imino nitrogen is replaced by a cyano group.	2.07	1	0	carboxamidine; monochloropyridine; nitrile	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
sorafenib [no description available]	2.25	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
lenalidomide [no description available]	4.8	1	1	aromatic amine; dicarboximide; isoindoles; piperidones	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; immunomodulator
salophen salphen: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
cholic acid Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.	6.96	1	0	12alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; bile acid; C24-steroid; trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
erythritol [no description available]	3.17	5	0	butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol	antioxidant; human metabolite; plant metabolite
deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.	4.56	26	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human blood serum metabolite
delrin delrin: linear polyoxymethylene type acetal resin made by polymerization of formaldehyde; RN refers to multi-polymer	3.35	1	0
cortisone [no description available]	1.98	1	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
lithium fluoride lithium fluoride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Li-F; GR200-A is LiF activated by Mg, Cu, and P	2.42	2	0
2-methylthioadenosine [no description available]	2	1	0
3-nitrotyrosine 3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	3.97	13	0	2-nitrophenols; C-nitro compound; nitrotyrosine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
nogalamycin Nogalamycin: An anthrocycline from a Streptomyces nogalater variant. It is a cytolytic antineoplastic that inhibits DNA-dependent RNA synthesis by binding to DNA.. nogalamycin : An anthracycline antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces nogalater. It is a DNA intercalator and exhibits anticancer properties.	1.96	1	0
anisomycin Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.. (-)-anisomycin : An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.	1.99	1	0	monohydroxypyrrolidine; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; bacterial metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; protein synthesis inhibitor
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	4.72	30	0
potassium bromide potassium bromide : A metal bromide salt with a K(+) counterion.	2.01	1	0	potassium salt
sodium bromide sodium bromide: RN given refers to parent cpd. sodium bromide : An inorganic sodium salt having bromide as the counterion.	2	1	0	bromide salt; inorganic sodium salt
hafnia Hafnia: A genus of straight, gram-negative bacterial rods which are facultatively anaerobic and motile by peritrichous flagella. This genus is found in human and animal feces, soil, water, and dairy products. It is an opportunistic pathogen in humans. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)	2.1	1	0
wortmannin [no description available]	8.38	7	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent
pifithrin mu 2-phenylacetylenesulfonamide: induces p53-independent apoptotic killing of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells; also inhibits Hsp70 and autophagy	2.1	1	0	benzenes
sorbinil sorbinil: aldose reductase inhibitor. sorbinil : An azaspiro compound having a monofluoro-substituted chromane skeleton spiro-linked to an imidazolidinedione ring.	1.96	1	0	azaspiro compound; chromanes; imidazolidinone; organofluorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
anthricin anthricin: antitumor constituent from Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm; structure in first source. deoxypodophyllotoxin : A member of the class of furonaphthodioxoles that is (5R,5aR,8aR)-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6(5aH)-one substituted at position 5 by a 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl group.	2.08	1	0	furonaphthodioxole; gamma-lactone; lignan; methoxybenzenes	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,7-diacetic acid 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,7-diacetic acid: structure in first source	2.54	2	0
bortezomib [no description available]	5.02	2	1	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
calcein am calcein AM: a non-fluorescent compound cleaved to a fluorescent compound by non-specific intracellular esterases. calcein am : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is calcein in which all four carboxy group hydrogens have been substituted by (acetyloxy)methoxy groups and the hyrodgens of the two hydroxy groups have been substituted by acetyl groups. It is a a non-fluorescent probe cleaved to a fluorescent probe by non-specific intracellular esterases.	2	1	0	2-benzofurans; acetate ester; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
dihydropyridines Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.	4.19	17	0
methylmercuric chloride methylmercuric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	2.93	4	0	chlorine molecular entity; mercury coordination entity; one-carbon compound
germine germine: alkamine; present in many polyester alkaloids which occur in Veratrum & Zydadenus species; may be used medically as an antihypertensive agent; minor descriptor (75-83); on-line & Index Medicus search CEVANES (75-83); RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.41	2	0
permanganate [no description available]	5.9	32	0	manganese oxoacid
leupeptins Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.	2.44	2	0
carboplatin [no description available]	2.17	1	0
lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.	2.9	4	0	inorganic chloride; lithium salt	antimanic drug; geroprotector
biotinyl n-hydroxysuccinimide ester biotinyl N-hydroxysuccinimide ester: used to prepare biotinylated erythrocytes	1.98	1	0
s-adenosylhomocysteine S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine.	2.88	4	0	adenosines; amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine derivative; homocysteines; organic sulfide	cofactor; EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor; epitope; fundamental metabolite
5'-methylthioadenosine 5'-methylthioadenosine: structure. 5'-S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine : Adenosine with the hydroxy group at C-5' substituted with a methylthio (methylsulfanyl) group.	1.97	1	0	thioadenosine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	9.85	35	0
ribulose 5-phosphate ribulose 5-phosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. D-ribulose 5-phosphate : The D-enantiomer of ribulose 5-phosphate that is one of the end-products of the pentose phosphate pathway.. ribulose 5-phosphate : A ribulose phosphate in which the phosphate group is attached at position 5.	2.71	3	0	ribulose 5-phosphate	mouse metabolite
xylulose-5-phosphate, (d)-isomer D-xylulose 5-phosphate : The D-enantiomer of xylulose 5-phosphate.	2.06	1	0	xylulose 5-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
sorbose sorbopyranose : The pyranose form of sorbose.. L-sorbopyranose : The L-stereoisomer of sorbopyranose.	1.94	1	0	L-sorbose; sorbopyranose
arabinose [no description available]	4.26	19	0	L-arabinose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
n-acetylneuraminic acid N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.	4.47	7	0	N-acetylneuraminic acids	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
mannose-6-phosphate beta-D-mannose 6-phosphate : A D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	1.97	1	0	D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate
fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.	8.48	8	0	peptide
bradykinin [no description available]	4.75	31	0	oligopeptide	human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent
canavanine L-canavanine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-homoserine substituted at oxygen with a guanidino (carbamimidamido) group. Although structurally related to L-arginine, it is non-proteinogenic.	3.2	6	0	amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite
amylopectin Amylopectin: A highly branched glucan in starch.. amylopectin : A polydisperse highly branched polysaccharide derivative composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage. The chains are joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some 6-phosphate ester groups also may occur. The branches in amylopectin typically contain 24 to 30 glucose residues.	2.02	1	0
hexacyanoferrate iii hexacyanoferrate III: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.38	7	0
glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.	13.59	72	2	D-glucosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite
polygalacturonic acid galacturonic acid: N1 same as NM; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-galactopyranuronic acid : The pyranose form of D-galacturonic acid. D-galacturonic acid : The D-enantiomer of galacturonic acid. It is the main component of pectin.	3.8	3	0	D-galacturonic acid
elastin [no description available]	3.74	3	0	oligopeptide
carnosine polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth	8.06	5	0	amino acid zwitterion; dipeptide	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Daphnia magna metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent
mevalonic acid Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.	5.91	13	0	3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
formiminoglutamic acid Formiminoglutamic Acid: Measurement of this acid in the urine after oral administration of histidine provides the basis for the diagnostic test of folic acid deficiency and of megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy.. N-formimidoyl-L-glutamic acid : The N-formimidoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid	2.08	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; L-glutamic acid derivative
lyxose D-lyxose : Any lyxose having D-configuration.. D-lyxopyranose : The pyranose form of D-lyxose.	2.71	3	0	D-lyxose
lichenin [no description available]	2.05	1	0
raffinose Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.	2.49	2	0	raffinose family oligosaccharide; trisaccharide	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytidine diphosphate glycerol cytidine diphosphate glycerol: acts as a donor of glycerol residues for teichoic acid synthesis; acyl derivatives are involved in phospholipid synthesis; minor descriptor (75-83); on-line Index Medicus search NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE SUGARS (75-83); RN given refers to (S)-isomer. CDP-glycerol : A nucleotide-alditol having cytidine-5'-diphosphate and glycerol as the nucleotide and alditol components respectively.	2.04	1	0	nucleotide-alditol
n-acetyllactosamine N-acetyllactosamine: RN given refers to D-isomer. N-acetyllactosamine : A beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the reducing end anomeric centre.	4.35	6	0	beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-D-GlcpNAc
diaminopimelic acid Diaminopimelic Acid: A diamino derivative of heptanedioic acid with amino groups at C-2 and C-6 and the general formula (COOH)CH(NH2)CH2CH2CH2CH(NH2)(COOH).. LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid : A 2,6-diaminopimelic acid in which both chiral centres have S configuration. It is a component of bacterial cell wall.	3.05	4	0	2,6-diaminopimelic acid; amino acid zwitterion	Escherichia coli metabolite
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	5.49	22	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
d-tagatose D-tagatopyranose : The pyranose form of D-tagatose.	2.98	4	0	D-tagatose
dopaquinone [no description available]	2.02	1	0	1,2-benzoquinones; amino acid zwitterion; L-phenylalanine derivative	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pantetheine Pantetheine: An intermediate in the pathway of coenzyme A formation in mammalian liver and some microorganisms.. pantetheine : An amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of pantothenic acid and the amino group of cysteamine.	2.36	2	0	pantetheines; thiol	human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
dithioerythritol [no description available]	2.36	2	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol	reducing agent
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.	5.51	67	0	myo-inositol trisphosphate	mouse metabolite
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	5.73	86	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
amastatin amastatin: structure; inhibits aminopeptidase. amastatin : A tetrapeptide comprising (2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-5-methylhexanoyl, L-valyl, L-valyl and L-aspartic acid units joined in sequence	2.69	3	0	tetrapeptide	EC 3.4.11.* (aminopeptidase) inhibitor; protease inhibitor
casein hydrolysate casein hydrolysate: an ingredient of trypticase soy broth; casitone is a tryptic digest of casein	2.05	1	0
puromycin [no description available]	4.65	29	0	puromycins	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor; nucleoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor
xylobiose xylobiose: RN given refers to D-xylose. xylobiose : A glycosylxylose that is D-xylopyranose having a beta-D-xylopyranosyl residue attached at position 4 via a glycosidic bond.	2.04	1	0	glycosylxylose	bacterial metabolite
tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of Serine Endopeptidases. Acts as alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.. N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone : The N-tosyl derivative of L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone.	1.98	1	0	alpha-chloroketone; sulfonamide	alkylating agent; serine proteinase inhibitor
tartaric acid tartaric acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-tartaric acid : The D-enantiomer of tartaric acid.	8.63	9	0	tartaric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
pentostatin Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.	1.97	1	0	coformycins	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
monoiodotyrosine Monoiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of tyrosine. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE), tyrosine is first iodized to monoiodotyrosine.. iodotyrosine : A tyrosine derivative which has at least one iodo-substituent on the benzyl moiety.. monoiodotyrosine : An iodotyrosine carrying a single iodo substituent.. 3-iodo-L-tyrosine : The monoiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying an iodo-substituent at position C-3 of the benzyl group.	1.94	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-tyrosine derivative; monoiodotyrosine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
n-formylmethionine N-formyl-L-methionine : A L-methionine derivative in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a formyl group.	1.95	1	0	L-methionine derivative; N-formyl amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	metabolite
taurolithocholic acid Taurolithocholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from lithocholic acid conjugation with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It solubilizes fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurolithocholic acid : The bile acid taurine conjugate of lithocholic acid.	2.38	2	0	bile acid taurine conjugate; monocarboxylic acid amide	human metabolite
n-glycolylneuraminic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid: RN given refers to (all-D)-isomer	1.96	1	0	N-acylneuraminic acid
nitroarginine Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.	2.39	2	0	guanidines; L-arginine derivative; N-nitro compound; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
mannosamine mannosamine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. D-mannosamine : The D-enantiomer of mannosamine.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-mannopyranose : A D-mannosamine in cyclic pyranose form.	2.05	1	0	D-mannosamine
adenosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate): RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for thio group; see also records for 1-thio & 2-thio-isomers. adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is ATP in which one of the oxygens attached to 3-phosphate group is replaced by sulfur.	3.85	12	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
dehydroascorbic acid Dehydroascorbic Acid: The reversibly oxidized form of ascorbic acid. It is the lactone of 2,3-DIKETOGULONIC ACID and has antiscorbutic activity in man on oral ingestion.. L-dehydroascorbate : An organic anion and the conjugate base of L-dehydroascorbic acid, arising from deprotonation of the acidic C2-position.. L-dehydroascorbic acid : Dehydroascorbic acid having the L-configuration.	2.67	3	0	dehydroascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; mouse metabolite
3-ketosucrose 3-ketosucrose: intermediate in production of 3-amino-3-deoxysucrose; RN given refers to (alpha-D-hexopyranoside & beta-D-fructofuranose)-isomers; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 7/89. 3-ketosucrose : A glycosyl glycoside which is an intermediate in the breakdown of sucrose. The structure is that of sucrose in which the glucosyl 3-hydroxy group has been reduced to a keto group.	1.98	1	0	glycosyl glycoside; keto-disaccharide
elymoclavine elymoclavine: ergot alkaloid isolated from cultures of fungi parasitic on Elymis mollis Trin; toxic alkaloid produced by Claviceps purpurea; structure	1.95	1	0	alkaloid
fructans (2->6)-beta-D-fructan : A fructan compound consisting of repeating (2->6)-beta-linked fructofuranose units.	1.94	1	0
cellulase Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	8.41	7	0	cellotriose
psicose, (d)-isomer [no description available]	2.47	2	0	monosaccharide
iduronate Iduronic Acid: Component of dermatan sulfate. Differs in configuration from glucuronic acid only at the C-5 position.. iduronic acid : A member of the class of iduronic acids that is the major uronic acid component of the dermatan sulfate and heparin.. idopyranuronic acid : The pyranose form of iduronic acid.. L-idopyranuronic acid : The L-stereoisomer of idopyranuronic acid.. L-iduronic acid : Any iduronic acid having L-configuration.	1.98	1	0	idopyranuronic acid; L-iduronic acid
strychnine Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.	7.88	4	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	avicide; cholinergic antagonist; glycine receptor antagonist; neurotransmitter agent; rodenticide
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	3.06	5	0	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
monensin Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle.	3.26	6	0	cyclic hemiketal; monocarboxylic acid; polyether antibiotic; spiroketal	antifungal agent; coccidiostat; ionophore
digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.	2.63	3	0	cardenolide glycoside	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
phalloidine Phalloidine: Very toxic polypeptide isolated mainly from AMANITA phalloides (Agaricaceae) or death cup; causes fatal liver, kidney and CNS damage in mushroom poisoning; used in the study of liver damage.. phalloidin : A homodetic bicyclic heptapeptide having a sulfide bridge.	1.96	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide
ryanodine Ryanodine: A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.. ryanodine : An insecticide alkaloid isolated from South American plant Ryania speciosa.	9.42	22	0
brucine brucine: was heading 1991-94 (see under STRYCHNINE 1975-90); DIMETHOXYSTRYCHNINE was see BRUCINE 1975-94; use STRYCHNINE to search BRUCINE 1975-94; very toxic alkaloid from Nux vomica similar to strychnine; used as reagent in analytical chemistry; was MH 1991-94	1.99	1	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound
phorbol phorbol: RN given refers to (1aR-(1a alpha,1b beta,4a beta,7a alpha,7b alpha,8 alpha,9 beta,9b beta))-isomer; synonym isophorbol refers to (4a alpha)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7143. phorbol : A diterpenoid with the structure of tigliane hydroxylated at C-4, -9, -12(beta), -13 and -20, with an oxo group at C-3 and unsaturation at the 1- and 6-positions.	1.96	1	0	cyclic ketone; enone; tertiary alcohol; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid
stevioside stevioside: Kaurene glucoside from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana; 300 times as sweet as sugar. stevioside : A diterpene glycoside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the allylic beta-D-glucoside has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. It is a natural herbal sweetener that is 250-300 times sweeter than sucrose (though with a bitter aftertaste), extracted from the Stevia rebaudiana plant native to South America.. diterpene glycoside : A terpene glycoside in which the terpene moiety is a diterpenoid.	2.11	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; bridged compound; diterpene glycoside; ent-kaurane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sweetening agent
ochratoxin a ochratoxin A: structure in first source & in Merck, 9th ed, #6549. ochratoxin A : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum.	7.96	4	0	isochromanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acyl-L-phenylalanine; organochlorine compound; phenylalanine derivative	Aspergillus metabolite; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; mycotoxin; nephrotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; teratogenic agent
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	2.94	4	0
acriflavine Acriflavine: 3,6-Diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride mixt. with 3,6-acridinediamine. Fluorescent dye used as a local antiseptic and also as a biological stain. It intercalates into nucleic acids thereby inhibiting bacterial and viral replication.	3.46	2	0
2-c-methylerythritol 4-phosphate 2-C-methylerythritol 4-phosphate: structure in first source	2.8	3	0	tetritol phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.	5.12	45	0	tripeptide
devazepide Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.	1.98	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; indolecarboxamide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cholecystokinin antagonist; gastrointestinal drug
diprenorphine Diprenorphine: A narcotic antagonist similar in action to NALOXONE. It is used to remobilize animals after ETORPHINE neuroleptanalgesia and is considered a specific antagonist to etorphine.	2.66	3	0	morphinane alkaloid
plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 N-butyrylhomoserine lactone: quorum sensing compound biosynthesized by LasI protein; structure given in first source	2.08	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid
sodium arsenite sodium arsenite : An inoganic sodium salt with formula with formula NaAsO2.	2.48	2	0	arsenic molecular entity; inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; herbicide; insecticide; rodenticide
vinpocetine vinpocetine: whole issue of Arzneim Forsch (23 articles) discuss this drug; Arzneim Forsch 26(10a);1976; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	2.89	3	0	alkaloid	geroprotector
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	3.8	10	0	cyclodextrin
formycin 5'-phosphate [no description available]	1.96	1	0
maleic acid maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.	2.39	2	0	butenedioic acid	algal metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
acetyl coenzyme a Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.	4.03	15	0	acyl-CoA	acyl donor; coenzyme; effector; fundamental metabolite
retinylamine retinylamine: structure	2.05	1	0
ergosterol [no description available]	2.43	2	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols	fungal metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2.91	4	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	4.7	29	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
alpha-cyclodextrin alpha-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of six alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.	1.99	1	0	cyclodextrin
fumaric acid fumaric acid: see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters. fumaric acid : A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	4.91	8	1	butenedioic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
prostaglandin h2 Prostaglandin H2: A cyclic endoperoxide intermediate produced by the action of CYCLOOXYGENASE on ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is further converted by a series of specific enzymes to the series 2 prostaglandins.	1.97	1	0	olefinic compound; oxylipin; prostaglandins H; secondary alcohol	mouse metabolite
farnesol Farnesol: A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). (2-trans,6-trans)-farnesol : The (2-trans,6-trans)-stereoisomer of farnesol.. farnesol : A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1.	3.04	5	0	farnesol	plant metabolite
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	3.31	5	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	9.51	28	1	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
latrunculin a latrunculin A: 16-membered macrolide attached to 2-thiazolidinone moiety; from Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica; see also latrunculin B; structure given in first source. latrunculin A : A bicyclic macrolide natural product consisting of a 16-membered bicyclic lactone attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety. It is obtained from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica and from the Fiji Islands sponge Cacospongia mycofijiensis. Latrunculin A inhibits actin polymerisation, microfilament organsation and microfilament-mediated processes.	2.03	1	0	cyclic hemiketal; macrolide; oxabicycloalkane; thiazolidinone	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; toxin
cyanoginosin lr cyanoginosin LR: cyclic heptapeptide from cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. microcystin-LR : A microcystin consisting of D-alanyl, L-leucyl, (3S)-3-methyl-D-beta-aspartyl,L-arginyl, 2S,3S,4E,6E,8S,9S)-3-amino-4,5,6,7-tetradehydro-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldecanoyl, D-gamma-glutamyl, and 2,3-didehydro-N-methylalanyl residues joined into a 25-membered macrocycle. Produced by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, it is the most studied of the microcystins.	2.5	2	0	microcystin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	9.18	16	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	2.69	3	0	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
ferric hydroxide ferric hydroxide: additional RNs for iron hydroxide oxide: 11115-92-7, 20344-49-4; RN for unspecified iron hydroxide: 11113-66-9	3.4	7	0
farnesyl pyrophosphate farnesyl pyrophosphate: a sesquiterpene that dimerizes to SQUALENE; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate : The trans,trans-stereoisomer of farnesyl diphosphate.	3.61	9	0	farnesyl diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.	3.78	3	0	D-galactopyranuronic acid
geranyl pyrophosphate geranyl pyrophosphate: RN given refers to (E)-isomer. geranyl diphosphate : The diphosphate of the polyprenol compound geraniol.	3.35	7	0	polyprenyl diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	4.26	18	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.	12.5	163	0	butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.	1.95	1	0
lycopene [no description available]	7.55	2	0	acyclic carotene	antioxidant; plant metabolite
fosfomycin Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.	3.64	9	0	epoxide; phosphonic acids	antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
cefoxitin Tn antigen: immediate precursor in biosynthesis of Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antigen; present in about 90% of human carcinoma tissue; proposed as universal carcinoma marker. O-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl)-L-serine : A non-proteinogenic L-amino acid that is N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine linked via an alpha glycosidic bond to the O at position 3 of L-serine.	2.03	1	0	L-serine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	tumour antigen
geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate: RN given refers to (E,E,E)-isomer. geranylgeranyl diphosphate : A polyprenol diphosphate having geranylgeranyl as the polyprenyl component.. 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate : The all-trans-isomer of geranylgeranyl diphosphate.	1.94	1	0	geranylgeranyl diphosphate	mouse metabolite
apstatin apstatin: inhibits aminopeptidase P; structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
phosphoenol-2-ketobutyrate phosphoenol-2-ketobutyrate: RN given refers to parent acid; structure	1.96	1	0
cytidine monophosphate n-acetylneuraminic acid Cytidine Monophosphate N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: A nucleoside monophosphate sugar which donates N-acetylneuraminic acid to the terminal sugar of a ganglioside or glycoprotein.. CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acid : A nucleotide sugar used as a donor by glycosyltransferases for the synthesis of sugar chains	1.96	1	0	CMP-N-acyl-beta-neuraminic acid	mouse metabolite
adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide) Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.. N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group.	2.37	2	0	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; adenosine A2A receptor agonist; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
benzoylecgonine benzoylecgonine: cocaine is benzoyl methyl ecgonine; RN given refers to (1R-(exo,exo))-isomer; structure. ecgonine benzoate : A benzoate ester metabolite of cocaine formed by hydrolysis of the methyl ester group, catalysed by carboxylesterases.	2.13	1	0	benzoate ester; tropane alkaloid	epitope; human xenobiotic metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
prostaglandin d2 Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer).	2.73	3	0	prostaglandins D	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.	3.65	10	0	olefinic compound; polyphenol	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen
epothilone a Epothilones: A group of 16-member MACROLIDES which stabilize MICROTUBULES in a manner similar to PACLITAXEL. They were originally found in the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum, now renamed to Polyangium (MYXOCOCCALES).	2.1	1	0	epothilone; epoxide	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent; tubulin modulator
eptifibatide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; macrocycle; organic disulfide	anticoagulant; platelet aggregation inhibitor
4-nitrophenyl-alpha-d-mannopyranoside 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside: see also record for (beta)-isomer	2.11	1	0
h 89 N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	2.4	2	0	N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
imidazolidines [no description available]	2.39	2	0	azacycloalkane; imidazolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
aclarubicin Aclarubicin: An anthracycline produced by Streptomyces galilaeus. It has potent antineoplastic activity.. aclacinomycin A : An anthracycline antibiotic that is produced by Streptomyces galilaeus and also has potent antineoplastic activity.	1.96	1	0	aminoglycoside; anthracycline; methyl ester; phenols; polyketide; tetracenequinones; trisaccharide derivative; zwitterion	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
sulfolithocholic acid sulfolithocholic acid: RN refers to (3alpha,5beta)-isomer. lithocholic acid sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is lithocholic acid in which the hydroxy hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a sulfo group.	1.98	1	0	steroid sulfate
phorbol-12,13-didecanoate phorbol-12,13-didecanoate: RN given refers to (1aR-(1a alpha,1b beta,4a beta,7a alpha,7b alpha,8 alpha,9 beta,9a alpha))-isomer	1.96	1	0
steviol steviol: aglucon of stevioside; RN given refers to (4alpha)-isomer. steviol : An ent-kaurane diterpenoid that is 5beta,8alpha,9beta,10alpha-kaur-16-en-18-oic acid in which the hydrogen at position 13 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.11	1	0	bridged compound; ent-kaurane diterpenoid; monocarboxylic acid; tertiary allylic alcohol; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent
iridoids Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).	2.44	2	0
laminaran laminaran: beta-1,3-glucan	2.05	1	0
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	7.01	104	0	actinomycin	mutagen
gamma-sitosterol clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.	1.98	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols	marine metabolite; plant metabolite
aphidicolin Aphidicolin: An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.. aphidicolin : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that has an tetradecahydro-8,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene skeleton with two hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 4 and 9, two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 11b and two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. An antibiotic with antiviral and antimitotical properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication.	2.89	4	0	tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimicrobial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; apoptosis inducer; Aspergillus metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite
azaserine Azaserine: Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.. azaserine : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of diazoacetic acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of L-serine. An antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species.	1.95	1	0	carboxylic ester; diazo compound; L-serine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	antifungal agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; glutamine antagonist; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite
enkephalin, leucine Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.	6.01	22	0	pentapeptide; peptide zwitterion	analgesic; delta-opioid receptor agonist; human metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; rat metabolite
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.	2.05	1	0	amino aldehyde; carbamate ester; tripeptide	proteasome inhibitor
shikonin shikonin: a naphthazarin; has antineoplastic and angiogenesis inhibiting activities	1.97	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).	7.37	20	2	flavin; vitamin B2	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
3-((4-azidophenyl)dithio)propionic n-hydroxysuccinimide 3-((4-azidophenyl)dithio)propionic N-hydroxysuccinimide: cleavable photoactivable heterobifunctional reagent	1.96	1	0
m40401 M40401: structure in first source	4.02	4	0
2-hydroxy-4h-isoquinoline-1,3-dione 2-hydroxy-4H-isoquinoline-1,3-dione: structure in first source	2.02	1	0
tyrosine o-sulfate O(4')-sulfo-L-tyrosine : An O-sulfoamino acid that is L-tyrosine in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a sulfo group.	1.99	1	0	aryl sulfate; L-tyrosine derivative; O-sulfoamino acid	human metabolite
potassium permanganate Potassium Permanganate: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed)	4.9	37	0
sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.	8.47	8	0	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antacid; food anticaking agent
potassium periodate [no description available]	2.72	3	0
potassium nitrite [no description available]	2.03	1	0
sodium acetate, anhydrous Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.	2.96	4	0	organic sodium salt	NMR chemical shift reference compound
potassium fluoride potassium fluoride : A fluoride salt having K+ as the counterion.	2.42	2	0	fluoride salt; potassium salt	NMR chemical shift reference compound; poison
2-acetyl-1-pyrroline 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline: volatile component of uncooked Khao Dawk Mali 105 brown rice were extracted using indirect steam distillation under reduced pressure and controlled temperature in order to prevent cooking. 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline : A pyrroline that is 1-pyrroline in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by an acetyl group. It is an aroma and flavour compound present in jasmine rice and basmati rice. It is responsible for the 'popcorn' aroma in a large variety of cereal and food products. It is one of the key odourants of the crust of bread and considered to be responsible for the cracker-like odour properties. In bread, it is primarily generated during baking but amounts are influenced by ingredient composition and fermentation conditions.	7.13	1	0	acylimine; methyl ketone; pyrroline	flavouring agent; Maillard reaction product; metabolite
bromochloroacetic acid Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.	2.48	2	0	2-bromocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound
1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane [no description available]	2.47	2	0
calix(4)arene calix(4)arene: a cyclophane consisting of four phenolic units linked by methylene groups; structure in first source	2.48	2	0
pyclen pyclen: also has amyloid disaggregation activity; structure in first source	7.76	2	0
tolfenamic acid tolfenamic acid: structure. tolfenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-chloro-2-methylphenyl group. Tolfenamic acid is used specifically for relieving the pain of migraine. It also shows anticancer activity.	7.92	4	0	aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
carbenoxolone sodium Carbenoxolone: An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity.	2.31	1	0	triterpenoid
trans-4-coumaric acid hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.. 4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring.	2.47	2	0	4-coumaric acid	food component; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
glycosides [no description available]	4.98	40	0
chalcone trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone.	1.95	1	0	chalcone	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor
sinapinic acid sinapinic acid: a matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption technique for protein MW determination; a constituent of propolis. trans-sinapic acid : A sinapic acid in which the double bond has trans-configuration.	2.25	1	0	sinapic acid	MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	6.72	45	0	isomethyleugenol
piplartine piplartine: Antineoplastic Agent, Phytogenic; alkaloid from Piper; structure in first source	7.05	1	0	cinnamamides; dicarboximide
citral citral: Xref geranial: geraniol is also available; Xref neral: nerol is also available; vitamin A antagonist; oxygenated monoterpene; inhibits cytosolic dehydrogenases; structure. citral : An enal that consists of octa-2,6-dienal bearing methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7. A mixture of the two geometric isomers geranial and neral, it is the major constituent (75-85%) of oil of lemon grass, the volatile oil of Cymbopogon citratus, or of C. flexuosus. It also occurs in oils of verbena, lemon, and orange.	3.35	1	0	enal; monoterpenoid; polyprenal	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
retinaldehyde Retinaldehyde: A diterpene derived from the carotenoid VITAMIN A which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is the prosthetic group of RHODOPSIN (i.e., covalently bonded to ROD OPSIN as 11-cis-retinal). When stimulated by visible light, rhodopsin transforms this cis-isomer of retinal to the trans-isomer (11-trans-retinal). This transformation straightens-out the bend of the retinal molecule and causes a change in the shape of rhodopsin triggering the visual process. A series of energy-requiring enzyme-catalyzed reactions convert the 11-trans-retinal back to the cis-isomer.. all-trans-retinal : A retinal in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2.7	3	0	retinal; vitamin A	gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
piperine piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.	7.46	2	0	benzodioxoles; N-acylpiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary carboxamide	food component; human blood serum metabolite; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite
retinol acetate retinol acetate: structure given in first source	1.96	1	0	acetate ester
squalene Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate	5.48	8	0	triterpene	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	3.28	6	0	stilbene
diethyl fumarate diethyl fumarate : A dieter obtained by the formal condensation of fumaric acid with ethanol.	2.05	1	0	diester	metabolite
picibanil Picibanil: A lyophilized preparation of a low-virulence strain (SU) of Streptococcus pyogenes (S. hemolyticus), inactivated by heating with penicillin G. It has been proposed as a noncytotoxic antineoplastic agent because of its immune system-stimulating activity.	1.97	1	0	penicillinate anion
sorbic acid Sorbic Acid: Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.. (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid : A sorbic acid having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans. It is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometric isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.. sorbic acid : A hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring.	2.04	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; sorbic acid
citraconic acid citraconic acid: was MH 1975-92 (see under MALEATES 1975-90); METHYLMALEIC ACID was see CITRACONIC ACID 1975-92; use MALEATES to search CITRACONIC ACID 1975-92; RN refers to (Z)-isomer; SO refers to (E)-isomer. citraconic acid : A dicarboxylic acid consisting of maleic acid having a methyl substituent at the 2-position.	2.1	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	human metabolite
flavin-adenine dinucleotide Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)	3.97	14	0	flavin adenine dinucleotide; vitamin B2	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prosthetic group
malonyl coenzyme a Malonyl Coenzyme A: A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.. omega-carboxyacyl-CoA : An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid.	1.95	1	0	malonyl-CoAs	EC 2.3.1.21 (carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
buprenorphine Buprenorphine: A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.. buprenorphine : A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-O-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH2CH2- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. It is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and is also increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic pain.	3.51	2	0	morphinane alkaloid	delta-opioid receptor antagonist; kappa-opioid receptor antagonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.	3.77	11	0	vasopressin	cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen
sea 0400 SEA 0400: structure in first source	2.46	2	0
pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.	12.34	144	0	diphosphate ion
palmitoyl coenzyme a Palmitoyl Coenzyme A: A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis.. palmitoyl-CoA : A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the thiol group of coenzyme A.	2.38	2	0	11,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA; 3-substituted propionyl-CoA; long-chain fatty acyl-CoA; palmitoyl bioconjugate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
dodecylphosphocholine dodecylphosphocholine: phospholipase A2 inhibitor; RN refers to chloride. dodecylphosphocholine : A phosphocholine that is the monododecyl ester of phosphocholine	2.73	3	0	phosphocholines	detergent
polidocanol Polidocanol: An alkyl polyglycol ether of LAURYL ALCOHOL, chemically defined as an alcohol ethoxylate having an average alkyl chain of 12–14 carbon atoms, and an ethylene oxide chain of 9 ethylene oxide units. It is used as a detergent, and medically as a local anesthetic, and as a sclerosing agent for the treatment of ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC VARICES and VARICOSE VEINS.. polidocanol : A hydroxypolyether that is nonaethylene glycol in which one of the terminal hydroxy functions is substituted by a lauryl (dodecyl) group.	2.92	4	0	hydroxypolyether	hepatotoxic agent; nonionic surfactant; sclerotherapy agent
sodium metabisulfite sodium metabisulfite: request from searcher; RN given refers to disulfurous acid, di-Na salt. sodium disulfite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and disulfite ions in a 2:1 ratio.	2.41	2	0	inorganic sodium salt	food antioxidant
isopropyl thiogalactoside Isopropyl Thiogalactoside: A non-metabolizable galactose analog that induces expression of the LAC OPERON.. isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside : An S-glycosyl compound consisting of beta-D-1-thiogalactose having an isopropyl group attached to the anomeric sulfur.	2.9	4	0	S-glycosyl compound
n-octyl-beta-d-thioglucopyranoside n-octyl-beta-D-thioglucopyranoside: new non-ionic detergent that is more stable than n-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside	2	1	0	S-glycosyl compound
dithizone Dithizone: Chelating agent used for heavy metal poisoning and assay. It causes diabetes.	2.87	4	0
propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.	7.88	4	0	pyrimidinethione	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist
n(6)-cyclopentyladenosine [no description available]	2	1	0
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	4.21	17	0
methisazone Methisazone: An antiviral agent effective against pox viruses.	2.31	1	0
methylthiouracil Methylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.	1.94	1	0	pyrimidone
caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.	2.08	1	0	caffeic acid	geroprotector; mouse metabolite
3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propenoic acid 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propenoic acid: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd. 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid : A methoxycinnamic acid that is trans-cinnamic acid substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3' and 4' respectively.	2	1	0	methoxycinnamic acid
n-acetyltyrosylamide N-acetyltyrosylamide: substrate for lactoperoxidase; RN given refers to (S)-isomer	1.99	1	0
6-mercaptopicolinic acid [no description available]	2.17	1	0
cotinine Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.	2.48	2	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid	antidepressant; biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
2-methoxy-4-prop-1-enylphenyl acetate 2-methoxy-4-prop-1-enylphenyl acetate: structure in first source. isoeugenol acetate : A phenylpropanoid that is the acetate ester of trans-isoeugenol.	2	1	0	monomethoxybenzene; phenyl acetates; phenylpropanoid
flunarizine Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.	2.37	2	0	diarylmethane
dieldrin Dieldrin: An organochlorine insecticide whose use has been cancelled or suspended in the United States. It has been used to control locusts, tropical disease vectors, in termite control by direct soil injection, and non-food seed and plant treatment. (From HSDB). dieldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of aldrin. It is the active metabolite of the proinsecticde aldrin.	3.49	2	0	epoxide; organochlorine compound; organochlorine insecticide	carcinogenic agent; xenobiotic
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	4.04	13	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
ucf 101 UCF 101: an Omi/HtrA2 inhibitor with cardioprotective activity; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
trithiocyanuric acid trithiocyanuric acid: rubber curative; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.1	1	0
thiouracil Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group.	3.04	5	0	nucleobase analogue; thiocarbonyl compound	antithyroid drug; metabolite
thiohydantoins Thiohydantoins: Sulfur analogs of hydantoins with one or both carbonyl groups replaced by thiocarbonyl groups.	5.04	2	1
methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.	1.97	1	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones	antithyroid drug
cinnarizine Cinnarizine: A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS.	2.37	2	0	diarylmethane; N-alkylpiperazine; olefinic compound	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	2.73	3	0	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
coniferyl alcohol coniferyl alcohol: structure. coniferol : A phenylpropanoid that is one of the main monolignols, produced by the reduction of the carboxy functional group in cinnamic acid and the addition of a hydroxy and a methoxy substituent to the aromatic ring.	2.01	1	0	guaiacols; phenylpropanoid	animal metabolite; monolignol; mouse metabolite; pheromone; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
n-(fluorenyl-9-methoxycarbonyl)leucine N-(fluorenyl-9-methoxycarbonyl)leucine: a leumedin; RN given for (L)-isomer	2.01	1	0
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	5.42	4	1	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
threoninol [no description available]	2.31	1	0
thioguanine anhydrous Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.	2.34	2	0	2-aminopurines	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
neotetrazolium [no description available]	1.93	1	0
thiobarbituric acid thiobarbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-thiobarbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid in which the oxygen at C-2 is replaced by sulfur.	2.38	2	0	barbiturates	allergen; reagent
1,3-dimethylthiourea [no description available]	2.39	2	0
ethylenethiourea Ethylenethiourea: A degradation product of ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) fungicides. It has been found to be carcinogenic and to cause THYROID hyperplasia.	2.55	2	0	imidazolidines
thiosemicarbazide thiosemicarbazide: glutamate decarboxylase antagonist; structure given in first source. hydrazinecarbothioamide : A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which a hydrogen of one of the amino groups is replaced by an amino group.	2.98	4	0	hydrazines; thiocarboxamide; thioureas
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.	7.22	18	1	one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas	antioxidant; chromophore
safranine t safranin O : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-diamino-2,8-dimethyl-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium as the counterion. It is commonly used for staining Gram negative bacteria.	2.46	2	0	organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; histological dye
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	7.66	49	1	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
thioacetamide Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.	8.48	8	0	thiocarboxamide	hepatotoxic agent
unithiol Unithiol: A chelating agent used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning.	2.37	2	0
tempo TEMPO: structure. TEMPO : A member of the class of aminoxyls that is piperidine that carries an oxidanediyl group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 2, 2, 6, and 6, respectively.	2.94	4	0	aminoxyls; piperidines	catalyst; ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
ferric ferrocyanide ferric ferrocyanide: antidote to thallium poisoning; RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:4] salt; structure	3.52	7	0
tungsten carbide tungsten carbide: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF	7.41	1	0
4-maleimido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinooxyl 4-maleimido-TEMPO : A member of the class of piperidines that is TEMPO carrying a maleimido group at position 4.	1.96	1	0	aminoxyls; dicarboximide; maleimides; piperidines	radical scavenger; spin label
5-doxylstearate [no description available]	2.71	3	0	aminoxyls
succimer Succimer: A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.. succimer : A sulfur-containing carboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing two mercapto substituents at positions 2 and 3. A lead chelator used as an antedote to lead poisoning.	4.6	4	0	dicarboxylic acid; dithiol; sulfur-containing carboxylic acid	chelator
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.	1.94	1	0	cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope
6-thioguanosine 6-thioguanosine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.97	1	0	purine nucleoside
1,6-anhydro-beta-glucopyranose 1,6-anhydro-beta-glucopyranose: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer. levoglucosan : A anhydrohexose that is the 1,6-anhydro-derivative of beta-D-glucopyranose.	2.11	1	0	anhydrohexose	Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite; biomarker; human metabolite
glycylvaline glycylvaline: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer	2.07	1	0	dipeptide	human metabolite
capsazepine capsazepine: modified capsaicin molecule; a capsaicin receptor antagonist. capsazepine : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8 and on the nitrogen atom by a 2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylaminothiocarbonyl group. A synthetic analogue of capsaicin, it was the first reported capsaicin receptor antagonist.	2.04	1	0	benzazepine; catechols; monochlorobenzenes; thioureas	capsaicin receptor antagonist
fumonisin b1 fumonisin B1: isolated from Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826; structure given in first source; has cancer-promoting activity; inhibits ceramide synthase. fumonisin B1 : A diester that results from the condensation of the 1-carboxy groups of two molecules of propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid with hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 of (2S,3S,5R,10R,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,5,10,14,15-pentol.	2.02	1	0	diester; fumonisin; primary amino compound; triol	carcinogenic agent; metabolite
tamoxifen [no description available]	3.3	6	0	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
sodium taurodeoxycholate Taurodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier.. taurodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.. taurodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurodeoxycholic acid.	1.95	1	0	bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite
lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide: structure in first source	7.07	1	0
nadp [no description available]	9.3	177	0
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	3.68	9	0
8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate [no description available]	3.08	5	0
n-cyanoimidazole N-cyanoimidazole: structure given in first source	2.31	1	0
5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester [no description available]	2.07	1	0
2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone: structure in first source. 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone : A quinolone consisting of quinolin-4(1H)-one carrying a heptyl substituent at position 2 and a hydroxy group at position 3.	2.1	1	0	quinolone	signalling molecule
zeranol Zeranol: A non-steroidal estrogen analog.	3.37	1	1	macrolide
hby 097 HBY 097: a quinoxaline derivative	2.03	1	0
lincomycin Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.	3.23	6	0	carbohydrate-containing antibiotic; L-proline derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; S-glycosyl compound	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
2'-deoxy-6-thioguanosine 5'-triphosphate [no description available]	1.96	1	0
nabam mancozeb: complex of zinc & maneb, containing 20% manganese & 2.5% zinc. mancozeb : A mixture composed from maneb and zineb, which is used as a broad-spectrum contact fungicide.. ethylenebis(dithiocarbamic acid) : A dithiocarbamic acid resulting from the formal addition of a molecule of carbon disulfide to each amino group of ethylenediamine.	4.31	17	0	dithiocarbamic acids
valinomycin Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.	9.31	20	0	cyclodepsipeptide; macrocycle	antimicrobial agent; antiviral agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore
thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	2.07	1	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic
estrone sulfate estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.36	2	0	17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
u 0126 U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.03	1	0	aryl sulfide; dinitrile; enamine; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; osteogenesis regulator; vasoconstrictor agent
zinc oxide Diaper Rash: A type of irritant dermatitis localized to the area in contact with a diaper and occurring most often as a reaction to prolonged contact with urine, feces, or retained soap or detergent.	1.94	1	0
laccase Laccase: A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products.	5.1	42	0
pica Pica: The persistent eating of non-nutritive substances for a period of at least one month.	1.94	1	0
glycylproline Gly-Pro : A dipeptide consisting of L-proline having a glycyl residue attached to its alpha-amino group.	4.61	6	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	9.17	242	0	alkali metal atom
zineb Zineb: An agricultural fungicide of the dithiocarbamate class. It has relatively low toxicity and there is little evidence of human injury from exposure.. zineb : A polymeric complex of zinc with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. Formerly used as an agricultural fungicide for the control of downy mildews and rusts, its use is no longer permitted in the US or the EU.	4.27	17	0	dithiocarbamate salt; macromolecule; zinc coordination entity	antifungal agrochemical
nabam nabam: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. nabam : A dithiocarbamate salt that is the disodium salt of ethylenebis(dithiocarbamic acid). A fungicide, algicide and bactericide used on various crops including on cotton, capsicums, onions and rice crops, it is considered to be a carcinogen, so is not licensed for use within the European Union. Mixing nabam with zinc sulfate affords the fungicide zineb.	2.41	1	0	dithiocarbamate salt; organic sodium salt	antifungal agrochemical
cobaltous chloride cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.	3.07	5	0	cobalt salt; inorganic chloride	allergen; calcium channel blocker; sensitiser; two-colour indicator
nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface.	4.02	4	0	nitrogen oxide
maneb Maneb: Manganese derivative of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate. It is used in agriculture as a fungicide and has been shown to cause irritation to the eyes, nose, skin, and throat.. maneb : A polymeric complex of manganese with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. An agrochemical fungicide, it is used to control a variety of diseases including blight, leaf spot, rust, downy mildew and scab.	4.44	21	0
cupric glycinate cupric glycinate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.08	1	0
thiouridine Thiouridine: A photoactivable URIDINE analog that is used as an affinity label.. 4-thiouridine : A thiouridine in which the oxygen replaced by sulfur is that at C-4.	1.94	1	0	nucleoside analogue; thiouridine	affinity label; antimetabolite
hydroxylysine Hydroxylysine: A hydroxylated derivative of the amino acid LYSINE that is present in certain collagens.. hydroxylysine : A hydroxy-amino acid in which the amino acid specified is lysine. A "closed" class.. erythro-5-hydroxy-L-lysine : A 5-hydroxylysine consisting of L-lysine having an (R)-hydroxy group at the 5-position.. 5-hydroxylysine : A hydroxylysine that is lysine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.	9.31	6	0	5-hydroxylysine; hydroxy-L-lysine	human metabolite
s-pentachlorobuta-1,3-dien-yl-cysteine S-pentachlorobuta-1,3-dien-yl-cysteine: nephrotoxic; structure given in first source	2.6	1	0
raclopride Raclopride: A substituted benzamide that has antipsychotic properties. It is a dopamine D2 receptor (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2) antagonist.	2.03	1	0	salicylamides
quinine [no description available]	3.37	7	0	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester [no description available]	3.1	5	0
boc-tyr(s03)-nle-gly-trp-nle-asp-2-phenylethyl ester JMV 180: distinguishes high-affinity cholecystokinin receptors from low-affinity cholecystokinin receptors; RN given refers to (S)-isomer	1.98	1	0
rtki cpd RTKI cpd: preferentially inhibits human glioma cells expressing truncated rather than wild-type epidermal growth factor receptors	2.01	1	0
9-diazomethylanthracene 9-diazomethylanthracene: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index	1.96	1	0
dimethyl(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)sulfonium dimethyl(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)sulfonium: RN given refers to bromide	1.96	1	0
6-thioguanosine 5'-diphosphate [no description available]	1.97	1	0
gea 3162 GEA 3162: structure given in first source; a nitric oxide-releasing compound	2.01	1	0
bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(iv) bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV): a hypoglycemic agentt; structure given in first source	7.1	1	0
2-((4-bromo-2,3-dioxobutyl)thio)-1,n(6)-ethenoadenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate 2-((4-bromo-2,3-dioxobutyl)thio)-1,N(6)-ethenoadenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate: structure given in first source	2.37	2	0
8-bromoguanosino-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate [no description available]	1.99	1	0
5-azido-1h-indole-3-acetic acid [no description available]	1.98	1	0
cystine [no description available]	5.13	11	1
6-((4-bromo-2,3-dioxobutyl)thio)-6-deaminoadenosine 5'-diphosphate 6-((4-bromo-2,3-dioxobutyl)thio)-6-deaminoadenosine 5'-diphosphate: RN given from first source; RN not in Chemline 10/84; structure	1.96	1	0
phosphoadenosine diphosphoribose phosphoadenosine diphosphoribose: RN given refers to (D-ribofuranose)-cpd; N1 refers to (beta-D-ribofuranose)-isomer	2	1	0
monothiopyrophosphoric acid monothiopyrophosphoric acid: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
telavancin telavancin: an anti-infective agent; structure in first source. telavancin : A glycopeptide that is vancomycin substituted at position N-3'' by a 2-(decylamino)ethyl group and at position C-29 by a (phosphonomethyl)aminomethyl group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of adults with complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by bacteria.	2.15	1	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
cyclic 3',5'-uridine monophosphate 3',5'-cyclic UMP : A 3',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide having uridine as the nucleobase.	2.1	1	0	3',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide	bacterial metabolite; mammalian metabolite; signalling molecule
tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium iii tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium III: RN refers to trichloride	2.74	3	0
udp-2-fluoro-2-deoxygalactose UDP-2-fluoro-2-deoxygalactose: RN given refers to 18F-labeled cpd; RN for unlabeled cpd not avail 8/93	2	1	0
calixarenes Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name.	7.78	3	0
sc 52608 SC 52608: a superoxide dismutase mimetic; a synthetic Mn-based macrocyclic compound; structure given in first source	2.39	2	0
phosphoribosylamine [no description available]	1.95	1	0	ribose monophosphate; ribosylamine
hexacyanocobaltate (iii) hexacyanocobaltate (III): sensitive probe of protein interactions with anions; RN given for (60)Co-labeled cpd	2.11	1	0
di-myo-inositol-1,1'-phosphate di-myo-inositol-1,1'-phosphate: isolated from the Archaebacteria Pyrococcus woesei; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
amanitins Amanitins: Cyclic peptides extracted from carpophores of various mushroom species. They are potent inhibitors of RNA polymerases in most eukaryotic species, blocking the production of mRNA and protein synthesis. These peptides are important in the study of transcription. Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanitia phalloides, poisonous if ingested by humans or animals.	5.25	53	0
cytellin cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982	1.98	1	0
silicon nitride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
phosphonic acid phosphonic acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of a single pentavalent phosphorus covalently bound via single bonds to a single hydrogen and two hydroxy groups and via a double bond to an oxygen. The parent of the class of phosphonic acids.	3.16	1	0
metaphosphoric acid metaphosphoric acid: RN given refers to cpd with structure HPO3. phosphonate(1-) : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of one of the two OH groups in phosphonic acid.	2.04	1	0
ginsenosides ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.	2.04	1	0
bacillomycin d bacillomycin D: from strain of Bacillus subtilis; contains lipid moiety which is mixture of 3-amino-12-methyltridecanoic acid (40%) & 3-amino-12-methyltetradecanoic acid (60%) & peptide moiety: L-Asp(1), L-Glu(1), L-Pro(1), D-Ser(1), L-Thr(1) & D-Tyr(1); two moieties joined by threonyl beta-aminoacid linkage; see also bacillomycin L & bacillomycin S	1.97	1	0
2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine 2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine: A2 adenosine receptor agonist; structure given in first source. CGS-21680 : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and the hydrogen at position 2 on the adenine is replaced by a 4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino group.	1.98	1	0	adenosines; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; monocarboxylic acid	adenosine A2A receptor agonist; anti-inflammatory agent
phosphothreonine Phosphothreonine: The phosphoric acid ester of threonine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and enzymes.. O-phospho-L-threonine : A L-threonine derivative phosphorylated at the side-chain hydroxy function.	3.6	9	0	L-threonine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline: structure given in first source; neuroprotectant for cerebral ischemia; AMPA receptor antagonist	2.05	1	0	naphthalenes; sulfonic acid derivative
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	4.56	26	0
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	5.23	52	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
4-nitrocatechol 4-nitrocatechol : A member of the class of catechols that is benzene-1,2-diol substituted by a nitro group at position 4.It is the by-product of the hydroxylation of p-nitrophenol.	2.73	3	0	C-nitro compound; catechols	human xenobiotic metabolite; lipoxygenase inhibitor
crocin crocin: a free radical scavenger	1.98	1	0
galactomannan galactomannan: a galectin inhibitor. galactomannan : A heteroglycan consisting of a mannan backbone with galactose side groups.	2.15	1	0	oligosaccharide
mtt formazan MTT formazan: a blue MEM-insoluble mitochondrial byproduct; used to determine viability of cells with active mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymes	2.46	2	0
chloramine-t chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.	1.93	1	0	organic sodium salt	allergen; antifouling biocide; disinfectant
6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool.	2.39	2	0	quinoxaline derivative
fg 9041 FG 9041: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0	quinoxaline derivative
alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.	4.63	28	0
fura-pe3 fura-PE3: a zwitterionic fluorescent calcium indicator; structure given in first source	2.4	2	0
bromodeoxyuridine triphosphate [no description available]	1.96	1	0
17-ketosteroids 17-Ketosteroids: Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17.. 17-oxo steroid : Any oxo steroid carrying the oxo group at position 17.	2.86	4	0
naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.	8.67	10	0
d 609 [no description available]	2.68	3	0
2',3'-dialdehyde atp 2',3'-dialdehyde ATP: RN given refers to (R-(R,R))-isomer; OATP also stands for organic anion-transporting polypeptides	2.67	3	0
fura-ffp18 fura-FFP18: an amphiphatic fluorescent calcium indicator; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
sodium borohydride sodium borohydride: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.92	4	0	inorganic sodium salt; metal tetrahydridoborate
citramalate citramalate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. citramalate(2-) : A dicarboxylic acid dianion that is obtained by removal of a proton from both of the carboxylic acid groups of citramalic acid.	1.95	1	0	dicarboxylic acid dianion	human metabolite; plant metabolite
osteoprotegerin Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.	2.5	2	0	long-chain fatty acid
cathepsin g Cathepsin G: A serine protease found in the azurophil granules of NEUTROPHILS. It has an enzyme specificity similar to that of chymotrypsin C.	1.98	1	0
3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol 3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol: (-)-CP-55,940 and (+)-CP-56,667 are enantiomers; RN refers to CP-55,940	2.04	1	0	alkylbenzene; ring assembly
disuccinimidyl glutarate [no description available]	2.02	1	0
rhodamine 123 Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.	1.99	1	0	organic cation; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
myelin basic protein Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.	3.77	11	0
palladium oxide palladium oxide: RN given refers to PdO	2.6	1	0
2-mercaptoacetate 2-mercaptoacetate: RN given refers to parent cpd	3	4	0	monocarboxylic acid anion
diethyl maleate diethyl maleate : A maleate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of maleic acid with ethanol. A colourless liquid at room temperature (m.p. -10degreeC) with boiling point 220degreeC at 1 atm., it is commonly used as a dienophile for Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis.	2.41	2	0	ethyl ester; maleate ester	glutathione depleting agent
jtk-303 [no description available]	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone	HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.	4.05	15	0	sphing-4-enine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
quercetin [no description available]	4.17	16	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
ubiquinone q2 Ubiquinone Q2: interacts with iron atom to form acceptor quinone complex; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	2.82	3	0	ubiquinones
bilirubin [no description available]	7.55	43	0	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	3.85	12	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	2.42	2	0	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.	2.17	1	0	trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
luteolin [no description available]	5.3	3	1	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	3.12	5	0	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes	4.88	11	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol	antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
quercitrin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	alpha-L-rhamnoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antileishmanial agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.	4.76	10	0
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	6.46	13	1	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
11-cis-retinal Rhodopsin: A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.. 11-cis-retinal : A retinal having 2E,4Z,6E,8E-double bond geometry.	3.07	5	0	retinal	chromophore; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.	1.97	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
leukotriene c4 Leukotriene C4: The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene C4 : A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage.	1.98	1	0	leukotriene	bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
thromboxane a2 Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.	2.37	2	0	epoxy monocarboxylic acid; thromboxanes A	mouse metabolite
retinol palmitate retinol palmitate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. retinyl palmitate : A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds.. all-trans-retinyl palmitate : An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol. It is used in cosmetic products to treat various skin disorders such as acne, skin aging, wrinkles, dark spots, and also protect against psoriasis.	2.07	1	0	all-trans-retinyl ester; retinyl palmitate	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
coniferaldehyde coniferaldehyde: from aqueous extract of Senra incana. coniferyl aldehyde : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is cinnamaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.	2.01	1	0	cinnamaldehydes; guaiacols; phenylpropanoid	antifungal agent; plant metabolite
hymecromone Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID.	3.22	6	0	hydroxycoumarin	antineoplastic agent; hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor
8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid: A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5.. all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid : An icosatrienoic acid having three cis double bonds at positions 8, 11 and 14.	2.69	3	0	fatty acid 20:3; long-chain fatty acid	fungal metabolite; human metabolite; nutraceutical
vitamin k1 hydroquinone vitamin K1 hydroquinone: metabolite of vitamin K1 & vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide	1.97	1	0	naphthohydroquinone; polyprenylhydroquinone
undecaprenyl pyrophosphate undecaprenyl diphosphate : A polyprenol diphosphate compound having eleven prenyl units with undefined stereochemistry about the double bonds.	2.04	1	0	all-trans-polyprenyl diphosphate; undecaprenyl diphosphate; undecaprenyl phosphate
15-keto-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid 15-keto-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid: RN given refers to (E,Z,Z,Z)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 3/88. 15-oxo-ETE : An oxoicosatetraenoic acid having (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E) double bond stereochemistry, and an oxo group in position 15.	1.99	1	0	oxoicosatetraenoic acid	human metabolite
alprostadil [no description available]	3.35	7	0	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 5(S)-HETE : A HETE having a (5S)-hydroxy group and (6E)-, (8Z)-, (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds.. 5-HETE : A HETE having a 5-hydroxy group and (6E)-, (8Z)-, (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds.	1.98	1	0	HETE	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
vitamin d 2 Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.	1.94	1	0	hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-ergostane; vitamin D	bone density conservation agent; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; rodenticide
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	5.88	9	1	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	3.14	5	0	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
vitamin k1 oxide vitamin K1 oxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for 2,3-epoxymenaquinone	1.97	1	0
kaempferol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
leukotriene e4 Leukotriene E4: A biologically active principle of SRS-A that is formed from LEUKOTRIENE D4 via a peptidase reaction that removes the glycine residue. The biological actions of LTE4 are similar to LTC4 and LTD4. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene E4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and an L-cystein-S-yl group at position 6 (6R).	7.4	2	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; L-cysteine thioether; leukotriene; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; secondary alcohol
prostaglandin g2 [no description available]	1.97	1	0	prostaglandins G	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.	1.99	1	0	prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
zeaxanthin Zeaxanthins: Carotenoids found in fruits and vegetables. Zeaxanthin accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.	2.01	1	0	carotenol	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; cofactor
alpha-linolenic acid linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid.	3.3	6	0	linolenic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
genistein [no description available]	4.01	14	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	2.03	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
jasmonic acid jasmonic acid: a derivative of alpha-linolenic acid that has a role in plant response to herbivory analogous to the role of prostanoids in inflammation in mammals;. jasmonic acid : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is (3-oxocyclopentyl)acetic acid substituted by a (2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl group at position 2 of the cyclopentane ring.	2.17	1	0	oxo monocarboxylic acid	jasmonates; plant metabolite
astaxanthine astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.	2.42	2	0	carotenol; carotenone	animal metabolite; anticoagulant; antioxidant; food colouring; plant metabolite
esculetin esculetin: used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light; structure. esculetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light.	1.97	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	antioxidant; plant metabolite; ultraviolet filter
7-hydroxycoumarin 7-oxycoumarin: derivatives have anti-oxidant properties. umbelliferone : A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7.	1.97	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	fluorescent probe; food component; plant metabolite
humulene humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene.	5.48	4	1	alpha-humulene
oleuropein oleuropein: iridoid isolated from leaves and fruit of Olea and Ligustrum (Oleaceae). oleuropein : A secoiridoid glycoside that is the methyl ester of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by hydroxy, ethylidene, and carboxymethyl groups, respectively and in which the anomeric hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted into its beta-D-glucoside and the carboxylic acid moiety of the carboxymethyl substituent has been converted to the corresponding 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl ester (the 2S,3E,4S stereoisomer). The most important phenolic compound present in olive cultivars.	2.01	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; catechols; diester; methyl ester; pyrans; secoiridoid glycoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; NF-kappaB inhibitor; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
chrysin chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.	2.1	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
diosmin [no description available]	2.03	1	0	dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; rutinoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant
mangiferin shamimin: isolated from the leaves of Bombax ceiba; structure in first source	2.02	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; xanthones	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
norathyriol norathyriol: from Gentinanaceae; has vasorelaxing action on rat thoracic aorta; structure given in first source. norathyriol : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7. Isolated from Garcinia mangostana and Maclura pomifera, it exhibits inhibitory activity against protein kinase C.	2.02	1	0	polyphenol; xanthones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; plant metabolite
myricetin [no description available]	2.15	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
coumestrol Coumestrol: A daidzein derivative occurring naturally in forage crops which has some estrogenic activity.. coumestrol : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9.	2.17	1	0	coumestans; delta-lactone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
pterostilbene [no description available]	2.41	1	0	diether; methoxybenzenes; stilbenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; neurotransmitter; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
cynarine cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent	2.01	1	0	alkyl caffeate ester; quinic acid	plant metabolite
echinacoside echinacoside: from Buddleja species; has antihepatotoxic activity	2.01	1	0	oligosaccharide
rosmarinic acid rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project. (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid.	2.01	1	0	rosmarinic acid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
ellagic acid [no description available]	2.46	2	0	catechols; cyclic ketone; lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol	antioxidant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
7-hydroxyflavone 7-hydroxyflavone : A hydroxyflavonoid in which the flavone nucleus is substituted at position 7 by a hydroxy group.	2.01	1	0	hydroxyflavonoid
4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid: A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells.	3.07	5	0	stilbenoid
domoic acid domoic acid: kainic acid analog, heterocyclic amino acid from seaweed; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. domoic acid : An L-proline derivative that is L-proline substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 3 and a 6-carboxyhepta-2,4-dien-2-yl group at position 4. It is produced by the diatomic algal Pseudo-nitzschia. It is an analogue of kainic acid and a neurotoxin which causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP).	2.49	2	0	L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid; tricarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; hapten; marine metabolite; neuromuscular agent; neurotoxin
8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha: a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through thromboxane A2 receptor activation. 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha : An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.	2.25	1	0	F2-isoprostane	biomarker; bronchoconstrictor agent; vasoconstrictor agent
11-ketotestosterone 11-ketotestosterone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 11-oxotestosterone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is testosterone carrying an additional oxo substituent at position 11.	2.13	1	0	11-oxo steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite
menatetrenone menaquinone-4 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains 4 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration.	2.31	1	0	menaquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; bone density conservation agent; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent
isotretinoin Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.	1.99	1	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; teratogenic agent
thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.	1.96	1	0	thromboxanes B	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
5,6-epoxy-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid 5,6-epoxy-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 5,6-EET : An EET obtained by formal epoxidation of the 5,6-double bond of arachidonic acid.	2.03	1	0	EET	mouse metabolite
1-monooleoyl-rac-glycerol Peceol: lipid excipient containing readily dispersible mixture of mono- & diglycerides of oleic acid. 1-oleoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride where the acyl group is oleoyl.. monooleoylglycerol : A monoglyceride in which the acyl group is oleoyl with the position of acylation unspecified.	2.44	2	0	1-acylglycerol 18:1; monooleoylglycerol	plant metabolite
ubiquinone 8 [no description available]	2.17	1	0	ubiquinones	biomarker
menaquinone 6 menaquinone 6: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer	3.69	9	0
undecaprenyl phosphate undecaprenyl phosphate: RN's in Chemline for diphosphate esters: 31589-58-9, 31867-59-1	1.95	1	0	undecaprenyl phosphate
sphingosine 1-phosphate sphingosine 1-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R,S-(E)))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89. sphingosine 1-phosphate : A phosphosphingolipid that consists of sphingosine having a phospho group attached at position 1	2.46	2	0	sphingoid 1-phosphate	mouse metabolite; signalling molecule; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist; T-cell proliferation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
cholesteryl oleate cholesteryl oleate: RN given refers to ((Z)-isomer). cholesteryl oleate : The (Z)-stereoisomer of cholesteryl octadec-9-enoate.	1.97	1	0	CE(18:1); cholesteryl octadec-9-enoate	mouse metabolite
codeine [no description available]	2.35	2	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic
diminazene aceturate diminazene diaceturate : An N-acetylglycinate salt resulting from the reaction of diminazene with 2 mol eq. of N-acetylglycine.	2.41	2	0	N-acetylglycinate salt	antiparasitic agent; trypanocidal drug
hydromorphone Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.	2.65	3	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	5.31	18	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxymorphone Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)	2.37	2	0	morphinane alkaloid
vitamin k 1 Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.	3.74	3	0	phylloquinones; vitamin K	cofactor; human metabolite; plant metabolite
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	4.69	6	1	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
menaquinone 7 menaquinone-7 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains seven isoprene units in an all-trans-configutation.	2.81	3	0	menaquinone	bone density conservation agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
brefeldin a [no description available]	2.5	2	0	macrolide antibiotic	Penicillium metabolite
n-methylalanine N-methylalanine: RN given refers to parent cpd(DL-Ala)-isomer. methyl-L-alanine : Any alanine derivative that is L-alanine having one or more methyl groups attached to the amino group.. N-methyl-L-alanine : A methyl-L-alanine in which one of the the amino hydrogen of L-alanine is replaced by a methyl group.	1.99	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; methyl-L-alanine
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	9.44	23	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
pyoverdin pyoverdin: a partly cyclic octapeptide linked to a chromophore, derived from 2,3-diamino-6,7-dihydroxyquinoline, which confers color and fluorescence to the molecule; yellow-green pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa; pyoverdin Pf from P. fluorescens; structure has been determined	2.41	2	0
xylulose [no description available]	2.4	2	0	xylulose	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-methylthio-atp 2-methylthio-ATP: purinergic receptors agonist; relaxes mammalian gut preparations; structure given in first source	2.91	4	0
adp beta s adenosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate): partial agonist toward platelet aggregation; see also record for 1-thiodiphosphate cpd	2	1	0
benzphetamine Benzphetamine: A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222). benzphetamine : Dextroamphetamine in which the the hydrogens attached to the amino group are substituted by a methyl and a benzyl group. A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the treatment of obesity.	2.65	3	0	amphetamines; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; appetite depressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; sympathomimetic agent
fluticasone Fluticasone: A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.. fluticasone : A trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis.	4.8	1	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; thioester	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug
herbimycin herbimycin: herbicidal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces sp.; see also herbimycin B; structure for herbimycin A in second source. herbimycin : A 19-membered macrocyle incorporating a benzoquinone ring and a lactam functionality. It is an ansamycin antibiotic that induces apoptosis and displays antitumour effects.	1.98	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; lactam; macrocycle	antimicrobial agent; apoptosis inducer; herbicide; Hsp90 inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
kallidin Kallidin: A decapeptide bradykinin homolog cleaved from kininogen by kallikreins. It is a smooth-muscle stimulant and hypotensive agent that acts by vasodilatation.	1.94	1	0	peptide
15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin j2 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2: 15-deoxy-PGJ2 is also available; check for double bonds (indicated by delta) at 12 and 14 positions. 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 : A prostaglandin J derivative comprising prostaglandin J2 lacking the 15-hydroxy group and having C=C double bonds at the 12- and 14-positions.	2.07	1	0	prostaglandins J	electrophilic reagent; insulin-sensitizing drug; metabolite
lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.	3.75	11	0	1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
magnesium trisilicate magnesium trisilicate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.61	2	0
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.	3.84	12	0	cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor
neurokinin a Neurokinin A: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ B with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the BRONCHI.	2.39	2	0
neurokinin b Neurokinin B: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ A with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the URINARY BLADDER and UTERUS.	1.96	1	0	polypeptide
pd 123319 PD123319 : An imidazopyridine consisting of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine having 4-(dimethylamino)-3-methylbenzyl, diphenylacetyl and carboxy and groups at positions 1, 5 and 6 respectively	2.01	1	0	imidazopyridine	angiotensin receptor antagonist; endothelin receptor antagonist; vasoconstrictor agent
calyculin a calyculin A: RN given refers to (5S-(5alpha(2R(1S,3S,4S,5R,6R,7E,9E,11E,13Z),3R),7beta(E(S)),*beta,9alpha))-isomer	3.6	9	0
obelin obelin: calcium-sensitive photoprotein obtained from the hydroid Obelia geniculata	1.98	1	0
kn 93 KN 93: reduces dopamine content in PC12h cells. KN-93 : A sulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of p-methoxybenzenesulfonic acid with the anilino nitrogen of 2-(aminomethyl)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline in which the hydrogens of the primary amino group have been replaced by methyl and p-chlorocinnamyl groups. KN-93 is a selective inhibitor of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II.	2	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; monomethoxybenzene; primary alcohol; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	EC 2.7.11.17 (Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
kn 62 KN 62: inhibitor of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	2.39	2	0	piperazines
biliverdine [no description available]	2.72	3	0
bisdemethoxycurcumin curcumin III: structure in first source. bisdemethoxycurcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by 4-hydroxycinnamoyl groups.	2.15	1	0	beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; metabolite
cinnamyl alcohol cinnamyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. (E)-cinnamyl alcohol : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamyl alcohol.. cinnamyl alcohol : A primary alcohol comprising an allyl core with a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position and a phenyl substituent at the 3-position (geometry of the C=C bond unspecified).	2.05	1	0	cinnamyl alcohol	plant metabolite
isoginkgetin isoginkgetin: Isolated from Ginkgo biloba; structure in first source. isoginkgetin : A biflavonoid resulting from the formal oxidative dimerisation between position 8 of one molecule of 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone and the 3' position of another. Found in the leaves of Ginkgo biloba, it is a potent inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9).	2.41	1	0	aromatic ether; biflavonoid	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.24.35 (gelatinase B) inhibitor; plant metabolite
4-methylesculetin 4-methylesculetin: has antiinflammatory activity. 6,7-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-methylcuomarin which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4. A hyaluronan synthesis inhibitor. It has also been used as a fluorescent sensor to monitor the consumption of a boronic acid in Suzuki coupling reactions; fluorescence is readily detectable by the naked eye using a standard 365 nm UV lamp.	2.03	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; hyaluronan synthesis inhibitor
nerolidol nerolidol: sesquiterpene; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; nerol is also available. nerolidol : A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-1,6,10-triene which carries methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It is a natural product that is present in various flowers and plants with a floral odor. Chemically, it exists in two geometric isomers, trans and cis forms. It is widely used in cosmetics (e.g. shampoos and perfumes), in non-cosmetic products (e.g. detergents and cleansers) and also as a food flavoring agent.. (6Z)-nerolidol : A nerolidol in which the double bond at position 6 adopts a cis-configuration.	1.96	1	0	nerolidol
caryophyllene caryophyllene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	2.58	2	0
casein kinase ii Casein Kinase II: A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression.	3.38	7	0
erbstatin erbstatin: from actinomycetes; an inhibitor of EGF-receptor kinase & other protein-tyrosine kinases; structure in first source	1.98	1	0
leukadherin-1 leukadherin-1: enhances the interaction between ICAM-1 and CD11b/CD18; structure in first source	2.08	1	0
mitoguazone Mitoguazone: Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.. mitoguazone : A hydrazone obtained by formal condensation of the two carbonyl groups of methylglyoxal with the primary amino groups of two molecules of aminoguanidine.	1.95	1	0	guanidines; hydrazone	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 4.1.1.50 (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase) inhibitor
ergothioneine ergothioneine thione form : A L-histidine derivative that is N(alpha),N(alpha),N(alpha)-trimethyl-L-histidine in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the imdazole ring is replaced by a thioxo group.	1.94	1	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones; amino-acid betaine; L-histidine derivative; sulfur-containing amino acid	antioxidant; chelator; fungal metabolite; plant metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	15.95	834	2	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
tin [no description available]	9.71	76	1	carbon group element atom; elemental tin; metal atom	micronutrient
13-hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid 13-hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid: RN given refers to (E,Z)-isomer; RN for unspecified isomer not in Chemline 8/12/83. 13-HPODE : An HPODE (hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid) in which the double bonds are at positions 9 and 11 (E and Z geometry, respectively) and the hydroperoxy group is at position 13.	2	1	0	hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; octadecadienoic acid
15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid 15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid: potent & selective inhibitor of platelet lipoxygenase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.99	1	0
4-amylcinnamoylanthranilic acid 4-amylcinnamoylanthranilic acid: phospholipase A2 inhibitor. N-(p-amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 4-pentylcinnamoyl group. It is a transient receptor potential (TRP) channel blocker and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor.	2.05	1	0	amidobenzoic acid; cinnamamides; secondary carboxamide	EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; TRP channel blocker
diamide Diamide: A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.	3.5	8	0	1,1'-azobis(N,N-dimethylformamide)
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)	2.39	2	0
antimony Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes.	7.6	73	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen
cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.	7.09	66	0	alkali metal atom
barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.	11.32	331	1	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium
rubidium Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.	7.6	74	0	alkali metal atom
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	12.34	448	1	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
ethylmorphine Ethylmorphine: A narcotic analgesic and antitussive. It is metabolized in the liver by ETHYLMORPHINE-N-DEMETHYLASE and used as an indicator of liver function.	1.96	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.	10.17	368	1	alkaline earth metal atom
bismuth Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.	7.12	27	1	metal atom; pnictogen
levallorphan Levallorphan: An opioid antagonist with properties similar to those of NALOXONE; in addition it also possesses some agonist properties. It should be used cautiously; levallorphan reverses severe opioid-induced respiratory depression but may exacerbate respiratory depression such as that induced by alcohol or other non-opioid central depressants. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p683)	1.95	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
dihydromorphine Dihydromorphine: A semisynthetic analgesic used in the study of narcotic receptors.	2.87	4	0	morphinane alkaloid
thallium Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).	6.18	42	0	boron group element atom
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	12.95	479	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
manganite [no description available]	3.64	8	0
indium Indium: A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.. indium atom : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.	5.77	28	0	boron group element atom
4-hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide 4-Hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a reduction product of 4-NITROQUINOLINE-1-OXIDE. It binds with nucleic acids and inactivates both bacteria and bacteriophage.	1.98	1	0
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	3.5	2	0	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
lasalocid Lasalocid: Cationic ionophore antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lasaliensis that, among other effects, dissociates the calcium fluxes in muscle fibers. It is used as a coccidiostat, especially in poultry.. lasalocid : A polyether antibiotic used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in poultry.	3.66	10	0	beta-hydroxy ketone; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; oxanes; oxolanes; polyether antibiotic; secondary alcohol; tertiary alcohol	bacterial metabolite; coccidiostat; ionophore
gallium Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.	11.57	36	0	boron group element atom
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	11.58	142	2	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
germacrene d germacrene D: RN in 9th CI Form Index for unspecified stereoisomer: 37839-63-7	2.01	1	0
plastoquinone [no description available]	5.55	13	0	plastoquinone
vitamin mk 8 vitamin MK 8: isoprenoid acetone-soluble lipid. menaquinone-8 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains 8 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration.	2.15	1	0	menaquinone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
diphenylhexatriene Diphenylhexatriene: A fluorescent compound that emits light only in specific configurations in certain lipid media. It is used as a tool in the study of membrane lipids.	1.97	1	0	alkatriene	fluorochrome
veratrine Veratrine: A voltage-gated sodium channel activator.	2.86	4	0	alkaloid
puerarin [no description available]	2.44	2	0	C-glycosyl compound; isoflavonoid
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).	2.71	3	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; phosphatidylcholine 28:0; tetradecanoate ester	antigen; mouse metabolite
ecdysterone Ecdysterone: A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE.. 20-hydroxyecdysone : An ecdysteroid that is ecdysone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20.	2.42	2	0	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; ecdysteroid; phytoecdysteroid	animal metabolite; plant metabolite
deoxyribose [no description available]	6.96	1	0	deoxypentose	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)	6.16	32	1	butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate	human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
beryllium Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.	8.2	58	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental beryllium; metal allergen	adjuvant; carcinogenic agent; epitope
acetyl acetonate [no description available]	3.27	6	0
tyrosine [no description available]	2.17	1	0	alpha-amino-acid radical
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	6.27	146	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
isophthalate isophthalate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.11	1	0	dicarboxylic acid dianion
thyronines Thyronines: A group of metabolites derived from THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE via the peripheral enzymatic removal of iodines from the thyroxine nucleus. Thyronine is the thyroxine nucleus devoid of its four iodine atoms.. thyronine : A tyrosine derivative where the phenolic hydrogen of tyrosine is substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl.	2.34	2	0	thyronine
silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].	9.68	122	1	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	12.85	385	2	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.	8.47	76	0	boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
heroin Heroin: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed). heroin : A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses.	2.41	2	0	morphinane alkaloid	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; prodrug
2-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-1-methylpyridinium 2-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-1-methylpyridinium: fluorescent probe refers to mitochondria in situ; RN given for methiodide	1.97	1	0	organic iodide salt; pyridinium salt; tertiary amine	fluorochrome
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source	3.41	7	0
demethoxycurcumin demethoxycurcumin: corresponds to curcumin with one methoxy group replaced by hydrogen; isolated from rhizomes of Curcuma longa. demethoxycurcumin : A beta-diketone that is curcumin in which one of the methoxy groups is replaced by hydrogen. It is found in Curcuma zedoaria and Etlingera elatior.	2.15	1	0	beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
cinanserin Cinanserin: A serotonin antagonist with limited antihistaminic, anticholinergic, and immunosuppressive activity.. cinanserin : An aryl sulfide that is (2E)-3-phenyl-N-(2-sulfanylphenyl)prop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen of the thiol group is substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. It is a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist and an inhibitor of SARS-CoV replication.	1.96	1	0	aryl sulfide; cinnamamides; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor
pepstatin pepstatin: inhibits the aspartic protease endothiapepsin	2.05	1	0	pentapeptide; secondary carboxamide	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidase) inhibitor
phytochlorin phytochlorin: RN given refers to (2S-trans)-isomer; structure given in the first source	3.47	6	0
succinyl-trialanine-4-nitroanilide succinyl-trialanine-4-nitroanilide: synthetic substrate of porcine pancreatic elastase	1.96	1	0
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-: An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.	3.76	3	0
strontium radioisotopes Strontium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of strontium that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. Sr 80-83, 85, and 89-95 are radioactive strontium isotopes.	3.91	13	0
3,3'-dipropyl-2,2'-thiadicarbocyanine 3,3'-dipropyl-2,2'-thiadicarbocyanine: potent inhibitor of endogenous respiration of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells; RN given refers to iodide; RN for parent cpd not in Chemline 10/24/83; structure	2.05	1	0
manganese(iii)tetraphenylporphine sulfonate manganese(III)tetraphenylporphine sulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.68	10	0
enkephalinamide-leu, ala(2)-aminoethyl dimer- enkephalinamide-Leu, Ala(2)-aminoethyl dimer-: dimeric pentapeptide enkephalin consisting of two molecules of Ala-leucine enkephalin linked at C-terminal leucine with ethylenediamine; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	1.96	1	0
beta-isopropylmalate beta-isopropylmalate: RN given refers to (threo-(D)-isomer)	2.06	1	0
udp-n-acetylmuramylalanine UDP-N-acetylmuramylalanine: important in peptidoglycan synthesis; used for incorporation of D-glutamic acid into peptidoglycan	2.01	1	0
oxyhyponitrite oxyhyponitrite: nitrosating agent; structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent acid	2.02	1	0
arachidonyl-coenzyme a arachidonoyl-CoA : An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of arachidononic acid.	2.43	2	0	arachidonoyl bioconjugate; unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA
n-acetylsphingosine N-acetylsphingosine: inhibits phospholipase D. N-acetylsphingosine : A N-acylsphingosine that has an acetamido group at position 2.	2.41	2	0	N-acylsphingosine
triolein Triolein: (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.. triolein : A triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid. Triolein is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil.	2.35	2	0	triglyceride	Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite; plant metabolite
resiniferatoxin resiniferatoxin: phorbol related diterpene ester; potent agonist of vanilloid TRPV1 receptors. resiniferatoxin : A heteropentacyclic compound found in Euphorbia poissonii with molecular formula C37H40O9. It is an agonist of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TrpV1).	1.98	1	0	carboxylic ester; diterpenoid; enone; monomethoxybenzene; organic heteropentacyclic compound; ortho ester; phenols; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	analgesic; neurotoxin; plant metabolite; TRPV1 agonist
abscisic acid Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold.	2.94	4	0	2-trans-abscisic acid
1-(4'-carboxyethyl)-6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene 1-(4'-carboxyethyl)-6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene: fluorescence donor in membrane fusion	1.97	1	0
carbocyanines Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.	2.47	2	0	cyanine dye; organic iodide salt	fluorochrome
3-methyl-2-benzothiazolone hydrazone 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolone hydrazone: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0
6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2h-pyran-2-one 6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2H-pyran-2-one: structure given in first source; potent irreversible, mechanism-based inhibitor of myocardial calcium-independent phospholipase A2	2.42	2	0	naphthalenes
tyrphostin ag825 tyrphostin AG825: a tyrphostin of the benzylidene malononitrile family; an erbB2 antagonist. tyrphostin AG 825 : An organic sulfide that consists of 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol in which the hydrogen attached to the sulfur atom is replaced by a 5-[(1E)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl group. It acts as an epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist.	2.17	1	0	aromatic ether; benzothiazoles; enamide; nitrile; organic sulfide; phenols; primary carboxamide	epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
ammonium sulfate Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.	7.65	198	0	ammonium salt; inorganic sulfate salt	fertilizer
propineb propineb: structure. propineb : A polymeric complex of zinc with the propylene 1,2-bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. A fungicide, it is used to control a wide range of fungal diseases, including downy mildew, brown rot, black rot, red fire, leaf spot, and blight in crops such as grapes, tomatoes, potatoes, berries, citrus, rice and tea.	2.72	3	0	dithiocarbamate salt; macromolecule; zinc coordination entity	antifungal agrochemical
c.i. fluorescent brightening agent 28 4,4'-bis({4-anilino-6-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}amino)stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid : An organosulfonic acid comprising stilbene having 4-anilino-6-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}amino groups at the 4 and 4'-positions and sulfo groups at the 2- and 2'-positions.	2.02	1	0
caffeoyl-coenzyme a caffeoyl-coenzyme A: structure given in first source	2.39	2	0
4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.	3.38	7	0
menaquinone 9 menaquinone-9 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains 9 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration.	2.58	2	0	menaquinone	Escherichia coli metabolite
oroidin oroidin: from marine sponges of the genus Agelas; structure in first source	2.03	1	0	pyrroles; secondary carboxamide	metabolite
coomassie brilliant blue [no description available]	2.78	3	0
rifamycin sv rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties.	2.36	2	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketal; lactam; macrocycle; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol; rifamycins	antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; bacterial metabolite
mastoparan [no description available]	2.92	4	0	mastoparans; peptidyl amide	antimicrobial agent
tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.	9.2	215	0	azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid	animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
germanium Germanium: A rare metal element with a blue-gray appearance and atomic symbol Ge, atomic number 32, and atomic weight 72.63.	5.52	21	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	17.21	497	4	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
tellurium Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.	11.21	44	0	chalcogen; metalloid atom
boron oxide boron oxide: RN given refers to B2O3	2.49	2	0	boron oxide
triethoxysilane [no description available]	2.06	1	0
polonium Polonium: A radioactive element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Po, atomic number 84, and the atomic weight of the isotope with the longest half-life (209Po) is 208.98. It decays by alpha-emission.. polonium atom : A radioactive metallic element discovered in 1898 by Marie Sklodowska Curie and named after her home country, Poland (Latin Polonia).	3.76	3	0	chalcogen; metal atom
radium Radium: A radioactive element of the alkaline earth series of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ra and atomic number 88. Radium is the product of the disintegration of URANIUM and is present in pitchblende and all ores containing uranium. It is used clinically as a source of beta and gamma-rays in radiotherapy, particularly BRACHYTHERAPY.	3.97	14	0	alkaline earth metal atom
oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.	6.56	65	0
1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine 1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine: RN given in first source; RN refers to ion(1-); do not confuse with DEA-NO cpd	2.05	1	0	organic anion
clinoptilolite clinoptilolite: clinoptilolite was SY to zeolite (NM); use zeolites (NM) to search through 1993; RN is for cpd with unknown MF	3.3	6	0
manganese silicide manganese silicide: structure in first source	8.16	5	0
(3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid Fluvastatin: An indole-heptanoic acid derivative that inhibits HMG COA REDUCTASE and is used to treat HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. In contrast to other statins, it does not appear to interact with other drugs that inhibit CYP3A4.. (3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which both chiral centres have S configuration.. fluvastatin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3R,5S)- and (3S,5R)-fluvastatin. An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, it is used (often as the corresponding sodium salt) to reduce triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and increase HDL-chloesterol, in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.	2.03	1	0	(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.	8.39	7	0	maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant	anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
antimycin a Antimycin A: An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). antimycin A : A nine-membered bis-lactone having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions, an n-hexyl substituent at the 8-position, an acyloxy substituent at the 7-position and an aroylamido substituent at the 3-position. It is produced by Streptomyces bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison.	3.97	14	0	amidobenzoic acid
guaiacylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether guaiacylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether: structure given in first source. guaiacylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether : A glycerol ether in which guaiacyl and guaiacylglycerol subunits are joined by an arylglycerol-beta-aryl (beta-O-4) linkage.	2.17	1	0	glycerol ether
pregnanediol [no description available]	2.35	2	0
oxomethylium carbon monoxide(1+) : Conjugate acid of carbon monoxide arising from protonation of the carbon; major species at pH 7.3.	2.03	1	0	organic cation
dolichols Dolichols: A class of polyprenols which contain approximately 20 isoprene residues. Although considered ISOPRENOIDS, they terminate with an alpha-saturated isoprenoid group at the hydroxy end of the molecule.	3.34	7	0	polyterpene
dolichol monophosphate mannose Dolichol Monophosphate Mannose: A lipophilic glycosyl carrier of the monosaccharide mannose in the biosynthesis of oligosaccharide phospholipids and glycoproteins.	3.46	8	0
fusarin c fusarin C: structure given in first source	6.97	1	0	sesquiterpenoid
nitrocefin nitrocefin: chromogenic cephalosporin used for detection of beta-lactamase activity; Cefinase is name for nitrocefin on paper disc; RN given refers to (6R-(3(E),6 alpha,7 beta))-isomer; structure for mono-Na salt in second source	2.15	1	0
papulacandin b papulacandin B: from Papularia sphaerosperma; inhibits growth of Candida albicans. papulacandin B : A papulacandin that is papulacandin A in which the (2E,4E)-deca-2,4-dienoyl chain at the O-(6') position is replaced by a (2E,4Z,6E)-8-hydroxydeca-2,4,6-trienoyl chain. It is the major carbohydrate-containing antibiotic from the deuteromycetous fungus Papularia sphaerosperma which shows potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans.	1.99	1	0
bafilomycin a1 bafilomycin A1: from Streptomyces griseus; structure given in first source. bafilomycin A1 : The most used of the bafilomycins, a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics derived from Streptomyces griseus.	2.43	2	0	cyclic hemiketal; macrolide antibiotic; oxanes	apoptosis inducer; autophagy inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; fungicide; potassium ionophore; toxin
n,n',n''-triacetylfusarinine c N,N',N''-triacetylfusarinine C: from Mycelia sterilia; ferric ionophore for this organism; structure given in first source	2.1	1	0	iron coordination entity; organonitrogen compound
uniconazole uniconazole: structural analog of diniconazole; RN refers to ((E)-(+-))-isomer; structure given in first source. uniconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of uniconazole-P and its enantiomer, (R)-uniconazole.. (1E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-ol : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1,2,4-triazole which is substituted at position 1 by a 1-(p-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylpent-1-en-2-yl group.	2.11	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; secondary alcohol; triazoles
1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol [no description available]	2	1	0	1,2-diglyceride
15-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid 15-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; (S-(E,Z,Z,Z))-isomer caused dose-dependent constriction of cat coronary arteries; structure in first source. 15-HPETE : A HPETE that consists of (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-icosatetraenoic acid in which the hydroperoxy group is located at position 15.	1.99	1	0	HPETE	human xenobiotic metabolite
myxothiazol myxothiazol: strobilurin analogue; methoxyacrylamide derivative; antifungal antibiotic from Myxococcus fulvus; structure given in first source. myxothiazol : A 2,4'-bi-1,3-thiazole substituted at the 4-position with a (1E,3S,4R,5E)-7-amino-3,5-dimethoxy-4-methyl-7-oxohepta-1,5-dien-1-yl] group and at the 2'-position with a (2S,3E,5E)-7-methylocta-3,5-dien-2-yl group. It is an inhibitor of coenzyme Q - cytochrome c reductase.	2.02	1	0
manoalide manoalide: phospholipase A2 inhibitor; sesterterpene from marine sponge L. variabilis; structure given in first source. manoalide : A sesterterpenoid isolated from the marine sponge Luffariella variabilis and which has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity towards phospholipase A2.	2.39	2	0	butenolide; lactol; sesterterpenoid	EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; metabolite
sphingosine phosphorylcholine sphingosine phosphorylcholine: a wound healing agent	2.68	3	0
bis(1,3-dibutylbarbiturate)trimethine oxonol bis(1,3-dibutylbarbiturate)trimethine oxonol: fluorescent probe for membrane potentials	1.98	1	0
fura red fura red: structure given in first source; used as an intracellular calcium indicator. fura red : A 1-benzofuran substituted at position 2 by a (5-oxo-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-ylidene)methyl group, and at C-5 and C-6 by heavily substituted oxygen and nitrogen functionalities respectively.	1.99	1	0
mannosylretinylphosphate [no description available]	2.36	2	0	retinoid
retinol phosphate [no description available]	2.36	2	0
5-phenylpent-4-enyl-1-hydroperoxide [no description available]	1.98	1	0
14,15-episulfide eicosatrienoic acid 14,15-episulfide eicosatrienoic acid: inhibits ionophore but not thrombin-induced platelet aggregation	1.98	1	0
4-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid 4-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (E)-isomer	2.9	2	0
phosphoenol-3-fluoropyruvate phosphoenol-3-fluoropyruvate: RN given from first source; RN given refers to (Z)-isomer	1.97	1	0
bacteriochlorophylls Bacteriochlorophylls: Pyrrole containing pigments found in photosynthetic bacteria.	3.13	5	0
1,2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine: used for premature induction of labor in rabbits; RN given refers to (all Z)-isomer	2.01	1	0
diacetylcurcumin diacetylcurcumin: structure in first source	2.96	4	0
presqualene pyrophosphate [no description available]	2.1	1	0
au 1421 AU 1421: probe of the potassium ion occlusion center of Na-K-ATPase; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
b 1287 E5564: structure in first source. eritoran tetrasodium : An organic sodium salt which is the tetrasodium salt of eritoran.	2.02	1	0	organic sodium salt
cdw17 antigen [no description available]	1.97	1	0
ganglioside, gd1b [no description available]	1.98	1	0
trisialoganglioside gt1 [no description available]	1.98	1	0
asialo gm1 ganglioside [no description available]	2.37	2	0
zy 17617b CGS 9343B: calmodulin antagonist; structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.98	1	0
i(3)so3-galactosylceramide Sulfoglycosphingolipids: GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS with a sulfate group esterified to one of the sugar groups.. 1-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosyl)-N-tetracosanoylsphingosine : A D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine having a sulfo group at the 3-position on the galactose ring and tetracosanoyl as the N-acyl group.	2.86	4	0	galactosylceramide sulfate; N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylsphingosine
prothioconazole prothioconazole: a fungicide. prothioconazole : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prothioconazole. A fungicide for use both as a seed treatment and foliar spray to treat a variety of diseases in cereals.. 2-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxypropyl]-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione substituted at position 2 by a 2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxypropyl group.	2.31	1	0	cyclopropanes; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary alcohol; thiocarbonyl compound; triazoles
rilpivirine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	aminopyrimidine; nitrile	EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
cobaltite cobaltite: a sulfosalt mineral composed of cobalt, arsenic and sulfur, CoAsS	7.1	1	0
manganese phosphate manganese phosphate: a reddish-white fine crystalline powder relatively insoluble in water	3.67	9	0
beta-escin Escin: Pentacyclic triterpene saponins, biosynthesized from protoaescigenin and barringtogenol, occurring in the seeds of AESCULUS. It inhibits edema formation and decreases vascular fragility.	1.99	1	0	triterpenoid saponin
beta-escin [no description available]	3.48	8	0
aureothin aureothin: isolated from culture MA-2465; structure. aureothin : A C-nitro compound that is (3Z)-3-[(2E)-2-methyl-3-(4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-ylidene]tetrahydrofuran which is substituted by a 6-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-yl group at position 5. It is isolated from the soil bacterium, Streptomyces thioluteus and exhibits antitumor, antifungal, and insecticidal activities.	2.96	4	0	4-pyranones; C-nitro compound; ketene acetal; olefinic compound; oxolanes	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 1.6.5.3 [NADH:ubiquinone reductase (H(+)-translocating)] inhibitor
melibiose alpha-D-Galp-(1->6)-alpha-D-Glcp : A glycosylglucose consisting of alpha-D-galactopyranose and alpha-D-glucopyranose residues joined in sequence by a (1->6) glycosidic bond.	2.04	1	0	glycosylglucose
s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.	2.93	4	0	nitroso compound; nitrosothio compound	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
gadolinium dtpa Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)	7.97	44	0	gadolinium coordination entity	MRI contrast agent
morphinans Morphinans: Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS.	2.87	4	0	isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent; morphinane alkaloid
ergoline Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors.	2.64	3	0	diamine; ergoline alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound
corrole corrole: structure in first source. corrole : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that is the octadehydro drivative of corrin.	6.68	28	0
barium sulfide [no description available]	2.4	2	0	barium salt; sulfide salt
carboxyl radical [no description available]	2.08	1	0	carbon oxide; organic radical anion	xenobiotic metabolite
adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate: RP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A inhibitor; SP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A agonist. (Sp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Sp-stereoisomer).. (Rp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Rp-stereoisomer).	2.4	2	0	nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate
sq-23377 Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.	5.45	63	0	cyclic ether; enol; polyunsaturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid	calcium ionophore; metabolite
fumagillin [no description available]	7.02	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; carboxylic ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; meroterpenoid; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; spiro-epoxide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; fungal metabolite; methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor
enkephalin, leucine-2-alanine Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine: A delta-selective opioid (ANALGESICS, OPIOID). It can cause transient depression of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate.	3.57	9	0
dexniguldipine niguldipine: structure given in first source; clinical modulator of multidrug resistance	1.98	1	0	diarylmethane
vildagliptin [no description available]	7.31	1	0	amino acid amide
rebaudioside a rebaudioside A: glucoside isolated from the leaves of the paraguayan shrub, Stevia rebaudiana; has taste properties superior to stevioside; structure in first source. rebaudioside A : A rebaudioside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4 of the beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at the 13alpha position have both been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside.	2.11	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; rebaudioside; tetracyclic diterpenoid	sweetening agent
bornyl acetate [no description available]	2.07	1	0	acetate ester; monoterpenoid
bromopyruvate [no description available]	1.98	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion
staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.	4.39	21	0	ammonium ion derivative
2,9-dicarboxy-1,10-phenanthroline 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic acid: structure in first source	2.21	1	0
hypericum Hypericum: Genus of perennial plants in the family CLUSIACEAE (sometimes classified as Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Hypericum contains flavonoids; GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, TANNINS; volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), hypericin and hyperforin.. 6-formamidopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid having a (6R)-formamido substituent.	2.02	1	0	penicillanic acids
phosphocreatine Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group.	8.9	13	0	phosphagen; phosphoamino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
2,5-diketogluconate 2,5-diketogluconate: RN given refers to calcium salt. 2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate : Conjugate base of 2,5-didehydro-D-gluconic acid.	2.13	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion
bacteriochlorin bacteriochlorin: structure in first source. bacteriochlorin : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that consists of two pyrrole and two reduced pyrrole units connected by methine linkages, where the two reduced pyrroles are located diagonally opposite one another.	7.15	1	0
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	3.45	1	1	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent
formazans Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.	3.12	5	0
ferrihydrite ferric oxyhydroxide: an antiferromagnetic material; constitutes the core of natural ferritin; mol form 5Fe2O3.9H2O	8.47	7	0
birt 377 [no description available]	2.02	1	0
acth (4-7), pro-gly-pro- [no description available]	2.03	1	0
euk-134 EUK-134: antioxidant; structure in first source	3.13	5	0
kb r7943 2-(2-(4-(4-nitrobenzyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)isothiourea methanesulfonate: inhibits the reverse mode of Na+/Ca++ exchange in cells expressing NCX1; structure in first source	2.72	3	0
nikkomycin [no description available]	1.99	1	0
seryl-leucyl-isoleucyl-glycyl--arginyl-leucinamide seryl-leucyl-isoleucyl-glycyl--arginyl-leucinamide: a proteinase-activated receptor-2-activating peptide; SL-NH2 is NOT Ser-Leu-NH2 here	2.01	1	0
jasplakinolide jasplakinolide: cyclodepsipeptide isolated from marine sponge Jaspis; active against Candida; RN refers to 2S-(2R,4E,6S,8R*)-isomer; structure in first source. jaspamide : A cyclodepsipeptide isolated from Jaspis splendens and has been shown to exhibit antineoplastic activity. It is an actin polymerization and stabilization inducer.	2.03	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide; phenols	actin polymerisation inducer; animal metabolite; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; marine metabolite; neuroprotective agent
davunetide davunetide: AL-108 is a nasal systemic formulation; AL-208 is an intravenous formulation; associated with glial proteins regulated by vasoactive intestinal peptide, are shown now to provide protective intervention in a model of fetal alcohol syndrome	2.08	1	0	oligopeptide
sincalide Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.	3.47	8	0	oligopeptide
vasopressin, 1-(1-mercaptocyclohexaneacetic acid)-2-(o- methyl-l-tyrosine)-8-l-arginine- vasopressin, 1-(1-mercaptocyclohexaneacetic acid)-2-(O- methyl-L-tyrosine)-8-L-arginine-: highly potent antagonist of vasopressor response to arginine-vasopressin; structure in first source	1.97	1	0
n(6)-cyclohexyladenosine N(6)-cyclohexyladenosine: structure given in first source; receptors, purinergic P1 agonist	1.98	1	0
pentagastrin Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.	2.65	3	0	organic molecular entity
tetraborate tetraborate: RN given refers to ion(2-). borate ion : Any inorganic anion that is formally derived from boric acid. The term includes polymeric anions containing chains of BO3 structural units sharing one oxygen atom (e.g. di-, tri-, and tetraborates) as well as chains or rings sharing two oxygen atoms (e.g. metaborates).	3	4	0
ferrous phosphate [no description available]	2.08	1	0
pbox-6 PBOX-6: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	7.32	78	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
lipid a Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).	2.7	3	0	dodecanoate ester; lipid A; tetradecanoate ester	Escherichia coli metabolite
nicotianamine nicotianamine: an angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor from soy sauce. (S,S,S)-nicotianamine : The (S,S,S)-stereoisomer of nicotianamine.	2.96	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; nicotianamine	chelator; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; plant metabolite
xestospongin a xestospongin A: blocks inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors; structure in first source; from Xestospongia sponge	2.01	1	0
g(m2) ganglioside G(M2) Ganglioside: A glycosphingolipid that accumulates due to a deficiency of hexosaminidase A or B (BETA-N-ACETYLHEXOSAMINIDASES), or GM2 activator protein, resulting in GANGLIOSIDOSES, heredity metabolic disorders that include TAY-SACHS DISEASE and SANDHOFF DISEASE.. ganglioside GM2 (18:0) : A sialotriaosylceramide that is N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine in which the acyl group on the sphingosine nitrogen is octadecanoyl. A constituent of natural ganglioside GM2.	1.95	1	0	N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine; sialotriaosylceramide	antigen
zeolites [no description available]	5.1	40	0
g(m1) ganglioside G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage.	2.88	4	0	alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine; sialotetraosylceramide
aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.	7.46	35	1
pareptide pareptide: synthetic analog of MIF; RN given refers to (D-Leu)-isomer	1.95	1	0
corynoxine b corynoxine B: structure in first source	7.21	1	0	indolizines	metabolite
fmrfamide FMRFamide: A molluscan neuroactive peptide which induces a fast excitatory depolarizing response due to direct activation of amiloride-sensitive SODIUM CHANNELS. (From Nature 1995; 378(6558): 730-3)	1.97	1	0
m 40403 imisopasem manganese: a superoxide dismutase mimetic; structure in first source	7.9	54	0
calcium sulfide calcium sulfide: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for lime sulfur (calcium polysulfide)	2.47	2	0	organic molecular entity
2-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid [no description available]	2.45	2	0
struvite Struvite: The mineral magnesium ammonium phosphate with the formula NH4MgPO4. It is associated with urea-splitting organisms in a high magnesium, high phosphate, alkaline environment. Accumulation of crystallized struvite is found in the urinary tract as struvite CALCULI and as scale on sewage system equipment and wastewater pipes.	7.87	3	0	hydrate; phosphate mineral	fertilizer
2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)-1-phenyl-1h-indole 2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-indole: an imidazoline compound; structure given in first source	2.01	1	0
alpha-synuclein alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.	7.9	42	0
eledoisin Eledoisin: A peptide extracted from the posterior salivary glands of certain small octopi (Eledone spp., Mollusca), or obtained by synthesis. Its actions resemble those of SUBSTANCE P; it is a potent vasodilator and increases capillary permeability. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1364)	2.36	2	0	peptide
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.	3.57	9	0
hexacyclinic acid hexacyclinic acid: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
ucn 1028 c calphostin C: structure given in first source; isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides	2.69	3	0
ribose ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose.	5.62	25	0	D-ribose; ribopyranose
acebutolol alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.	3.23	6	0	alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose
pentalenene pentalenene: structure in first source	1.97	1	0	ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon; sesquiterpene
lactulose Lactulose: A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887). lactulose : A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.	4.04	2	0
lycogarubin c lycogarubin C: structure in first source	2.1	1	0
bis(2-pyridyl)methylamine bis(2-pyridyl)methylamine: structure in first source	2.48	2	0
ageliferin ageliferin: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine 8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound obtained by intramolecular formation of a C-C bond between positions 8 and 5' of 2'-deoxyadenosine.	2.17	1	0	aromatic amine; bridged compound; diol; N-glycosyl compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
brimonidine tartrate Brimonidine Tartrate: A quinoxaline derivative and ADRENERGIC ALHPA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST that is used to manage INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE associated with OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.	2.39	2	0
fg-4592 roxadustat: structure in first source. roxadustat : An N-acylglycine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of glycine with the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-7-phenoxyisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid. It is an inhibitor of hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH).	2.31	1	0	aromatic ether; isoquinolines; N-acylglycine	EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.11.29 (hypoxia-inducible factor-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor
buprenorphine, naloxone drug combination Buprenorphine, Naloxone Drug Combination: A pharmaceutical preparation that combines buprenorphine, an OPIOID ANALGESICS with naloxone, a NARCOTIC ANTAGONISTS to reduce the potential for NARCOTIC DEPENDENCE in the treatment of pain. It may also be used for OPIOID SUBSTITUTION THERAPY.	3.35	1	0
nystatin a1 Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.	2.36	2	0	nystatins
topramezone topramezone: corn herbicide, an inhibitor of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase; structure in first source. topramezone : An aromatic ketone that is phenyl 1H-pyrazol-4-yl ketone in which the pyrazolyl group is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively, and in which the phenyl group is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by methyl, 4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl, and methylsulfonyl groups, respectively. A potent inhibitor of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) that is rapily metabolised by corn to non-active substances, it is used as a herbicide for the treatment of broadleaf weeds.	2.17	1	0
chromopyrrolic acid chromopyrrolic acid: structure in first source. chromopyrrolic acid : A pyrroledicarboxylic acid that is pyrrole-2,5-dicarboxylic acid in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by indol-3-yl groups.	2.1	1	0	indoles; pyrroledicarboxylic acid	bacterial metabolite
er-086526 eribulin: a halichondrin B derivative that suppresses microtubule growth and acts as an antimitotic agent; structure in first source. eribulin : A fully synthetic macrocyclic ketone analogue of marine sponge natural products. Inhibits growth phase of microtubules via tubulin-based antimitotic mechanism, which leads to G2/M cell-cycle block, disruption of mitotic spindles, and, ultimately, apoptotic cell death after prolonged mitotic blockage	2.11	1	0	cyclic ketal; cyclic ketone; macrocycle; polycyclic ether; polyether; primary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent
linoleic acid hydroperoxide linoleic acid hydroperoxide: RN refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. linoleic acid hydroperoxide : A HPODE that is a mono-hydroperoxy derivative of linoleic acid	2.4	2	0
technetium tc 99m disofenin Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin: A radiopharmaceutical used extensively in cholescintigraphy for the evaluation of hepatobiliary diseases. (From Int Jrnl Rad Appl Inst 1992;43(9):1061-4)	3.38	1	1
ro 31-8425 Ro 31-8425: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
carfilzomib [no description available]	4.8	1	1	epoxide; morpholines; tetrapeptide	antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor
mrk 560 MRK 560: a gamma-secretase inhibitor; MRK-560 is the (cis)-isomer; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
chlorophyll b [no description available]	2.99	4	0	chlorophyll	cofactor
veratridine Veratridine: A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal.	3.34	7	0
losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.	5.06	10	1
n-acetylmannosamine N-acetylmannosamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. N-acetylmannosamine : Any mannosamine carrying an N-acetyl substituent	2.02	1	0
leucylproline leucylproline: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Leu-Pro zwitterion : A peptide zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino terminus of Leu-Pro.	1.99	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
empagliflozin [no description available]	4.8	1	1	aromatic ether; C-glycosyl compound; monochlorobenzenes; tetrahydrofuryl ether	hypoglycemic agent; sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
bacteriochlorophylls Bacteriochlorophyll A: A specific bacteriochlorophyll that is similar in structure to chlorophyll a.. bacteriochlorophyll : Chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria.	2.01	1	0	bacteriochlorophyll; methyl ester
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	6.65	71	0	benzoxazole
dextrothyroxine [no description available]	1.99	1	0
ferryl iron [no description available]	4.06	4	0
delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate: (L)-isomer is the biologically active form; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.13	1	0	1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate
sepharose agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.	4.05	15	0
indocyanine green Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.	3.78	8	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	2.63	3	0
pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).	4.91	37	0
virginiamycin Virginiamycin: A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic complex from Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. It consists of 2 major components, VIRGINIAMYCIN FACTOR M1 and virginiamycin Factor S1. It is used to treat infections with gram-positive organisms and as a growth promoter in cattle, swine, and poultry.. virginiamycin : A mixture of cyclic polypeptide streptogramin antibiotics produced by Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. The two major components are virginiamycin M1 (also known as pristinamycin IIA) and virginiamycin S1. Virginiamycin has been widely used as a growth promotion agent in livestock and has been to have bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci.	6.96	1	0
benzoyl-ile-glu-gly-arg-p-nitroanilide benzoyl-Ile-Glu-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide: p-nitroanilide deriv of portion of peptide sequence in prothrombin molecule cleaved by Factor X	1.97	1	0
pyrostatin a pyrostatin A: inhibits N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase; isolated from Streptomyces; structure in first source. 5-hydroxyectoine : A carboxamidine heterocycle which is obtained by formal condensation of 4-amino-L-allothreonine with acetic acid.	2.21	1	0	1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines; carboxamidine; iminium betaine; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol
demethylcantharidin demethylcantharidin: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	2.48	2	0
dihydrotachysterol Dihydrotachysterol: A VITAMIN D that can be regarded as a reduction product of vitamin D2.. dihydrotachysterol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is 9,10-secoergosta-5,7,22-triene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. A synthetic analogue of vitamin D that acts a bone density conservation agent.	1.94	1	0
ouabagenin ouabagenin: inhibitor of ATPASE; structure. ouabagenin : A hexahydroxy steroidal lactone obtained by hydrolysis of ouabain.	1.97	1	0	1-hydroxy steroid; 11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 19-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
rifamycins [no description available]	5.35	19	0
clove Madagascar: One of the Indian Ocean Islands off the southeast coast of Africa. Its capital is Antananarivo. It was formerly called the Malagasy Republic. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1500, its history has been tied predominantly to the French, becoming a French protectorate in 1882, a French colony in 1896, and a territory within the French union in 1946. The Malagasy Republic was established in the French Community in 1958 but it achieved independence in 1960. Its name was changed to Madagascar in 1975. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p714)	3.47	7	0
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	7.82	57	1
erythrosine Erythrosine: A tetraiodofluorescein used as a red coloring in some foods (cherries, fish), as a disclosure of DENTAL PLAQUE, and as a stain of some cell types. It has structural similarity to THYROXINE.. erythrosin B : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-oxido-3-oxo-8a,10a-dihydroxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid.	2.37	2	0
ants Ants: Insects of the family Formicidae, very common and widespread, probably the most successful of all the insect groups. All ants are social insects, and most colonies contain three castes, queens, males, and workers. Their habits are often very elaborate and a great many studies have been made of ant behavior. Ants produce a number of secretions that function in offense, defense, and communication. (From Borror, et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p676)	2.93	4	0
lithium borate lithium borate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Li2-B4O7; structure	2.17	1	0	borate salts
maltoheptaose maltoheptaose: consists of seven glucose residues in a linear 1,4-alpha-linkage; substrate for determining alpha-amylase in serum; RN given refers to (D-glucopyranose)-isomer. maltoheptaose : A maltoheptaose heptasaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the aldehydo open-chain form.. alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-D-Glcp : A maltoheptaose heptasaccharide consisting of six alpha-D-glucose residues and a D-glucose residue joined in sequence by (1->4) glycosidic bonds.	2	1	0	maltoheptaose heptasaccharide
ferrous citrate ferrous citrate: iron fortificant	7.4	2	0
peonidin 3-glucoside peonidin 3-glucoside: the methylated form of cyanidin 3-glucoside	2.17	1	0
1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoylglycerol 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoylglycerol : A 1,2-diglyceride in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specifed as stearoyl and arachidonoyl respectively.	2	1	0	1,2-diglyceride
ureidoglycine ureidoglycine: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
physalaemin Physalaemin: An oligopeptide isolated from the skin of Physalaemus fuscumaculatus, a South American frog. It is a typical kinin, resembling SUBSTANCE P in structure and action and has been proposed as a sialagogue, antihypertensive, and vasodilator.	1.96	1	0
jaw [no description available]	2.04	1	0	indolecarboxamide
cyanidin-3-o-beta-glucopyranoside cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside: a natural compound distributed in several fruits & vegetables, such as strawberry, rhubarb, cherry, red cabbage, red onion, cranberries, etc.	2.57	2	0
zinc silicate zinc silicate: RN given refers to Zn[1:2] salt	2.94	4	0
adenosine thiamine triphosphate adenosine thiamine triphosphate: structure in first source. adenosine thiamine triphosphate : An adenosine 5'-phosphate obtained by formal condensation of the hydroxy group of thiamine with the triphosphate group of ATP.. adenosine thiamine triphosphate(2-) : An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the triphosphate OH groups of adenosine thiamine triphosphate.	2.03	1	0	organophosphate oxoanion
thiamine pyrophosphate Thiamine Triphosphate: 3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-4-methyl-5-(4,6,8,8-tetrahydroxy-3,5,7-trioxa-4,6,8-triphosphaoct-1-yl)thiazolium hydroxide, inner salt, P,P',P''-trioxide. The triphosphate ester of thiamine. In Leigh's disease, this compound is present in decreased amounts in the brain due to a metabolic block in its formation.. thiamine(1+) triphosphate(4-) : Trianion of thiamine(1+) diphosphate arising from deprotonation of the four OH groups of the triphosphate.	2.03	1	0	organophosphate oxoanion; vitamin B1	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	7.76	219	0	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	4.3	18	0
calcitonin [no description available]	1.98	1	0
melitten Melitten: Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has cytolytic properties, causes contracture of muscle, releases histamine, and disrupts surface tension, probably due to lysis of cell and mitochondrial membranes.	4.47	7	0
tyrocidine Tyrocidine: An antibiotic mixture produced by Bacillus brevis which may be separated into three components, tyrocidines A, B, and C. It is the major constituent (40-60 per cent) of tyrothricin, gramicidin accounting for the remaining 10-20 per cent active material. It is a topical antimicrobial agent, that is very toxic parenterally.. tyrocidine A : A homodetic cyclic decapeptide consisting of D-Phe, L-Pro, L-Phe, D-Phe, L-Asn, L-Gln, L-Tyr, L-Val, L-Orn, and L-Leu residues coupled in sequence and cyclised head-to-tail.. tyrocidine : A mixtue of homodetic cyclic decapeptides produced by the soil bacterium Bacillus brevis.	1.98	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; macrocycle; peptide antibiotic	antibacterial agent; bacterial metabolite
cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.	3.66	10	0
ceruletide Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.	2.67	3	0	oligopeptide	diagnostic agent; gastrointestinal drug
dynorphins Dynorphins: A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptides. Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters.	2	1	0
atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.	4.12	16	0	polypeptide
t 30177 T 30177: an oligonucleotide composed of only deoxyguanosine and thymidine; 17 nucleotides long; contains single phosphorothioate internucleoside linkages at its 5' and 3' ends; nucleotide sequence given in first source	1.99	1	0
somatostatin, n-tyr(1)- [no description available]	1.97	1	0
cs1 peptide CS1 peptide: used as a diagnostic probe for activity of the type III connecting segment of fibronectin; amino acid sequence given in first source	1.99	1	0
protegrin-1 protegrin-1: GenBank X84094	2.01	1	0
alamethicin Alamethicin: A cyclic nonadecapeptide antibiotic that can act as an ionophore and is produced by strains of Trichoderma viride. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	2.39	2	0
glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)amide glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)amide: potent stimulator of insulin released in perfused mammalian pancreas	2.03	1	0
gastrins Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.	2.89	4	0
gramicidin a Gramicidin: A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN.	3.76	11	0
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.	10.11	46	0	peptide hormone
mast cell degranulating peptide mast cell degranulating peptide: isolated from bee venoms; made up of 22 amino acids; has 2 disulfide bridges	1.97	1	0
anthopleurin-a anthopleurin-A: cardiotonic agent from the sea anemone Anthopleura xanthogrammica	1.96	1	0
beta-endorphin beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC).	1.97	1	0
neuropeptide y Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.	2.7	3	0
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.	5.09	10	1
oligonucleotides [no description available]	5.57	72	0
anticodon Anticodon: The sequential set of three nucleotides in TRANSFER RNA that interacts with its complement in MESSENGER RNA, the CODON, during translation in the ribosome.	3.46	8	0
glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.	2.03	1	0
n-acetyl-beta-endorphin [no description available]	1.97	1	0
c-peptide C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.	2.44	2	0
ristocetin Ristocetin: An antibiotic mixture of two components, A and B, obtained from Nocardia lurida (or the same substance produced by any other means). It is no longer used clinically because of its toxicity. It causes platelet agglutination and blood coagulation and is used to assay those functions in vitro.. ristocetin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is produced by species of Amycolatopsis and Nocardia.	1.94	1	0	glycopeptide; heterodetic cyclic peptide; macrocycle; tetrasaccharide derivative	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; platelet-activating factor receptor agonist
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	8.18	49	1	glycoside
lead titanate lead titanate: ceramic fiber compound	7.01	1	0
perovskite calcium titanate : A calcium salt with the formula CaTiO3, generally obtained in the form of the mineral perovskite.	3.91	11	0
endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)	2	1	0
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	5.54	71	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
atractyloside Atractyloside: A glycoside of a kaurene type diterpene that is found in some plants including Atractylis gummifera (ATRACTYLIS); COFFEE; XANTHIUM, and CALLILEPIS. Toxicity is due to inhibition of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCASE.	1.96	1	0
putrebactin putrebactin: an iron-chelating agent isolated from Shewanella putrefaciens; structure in first source	2.11	1	0	cyclic hydroxamic acid
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	14.84	189	0	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
phenylmercuric acetate Phenylmercuric Acetate: A phenyl mercury compound used mainly as a fungicide. Has also been used as a herbicide, slimicide, and bacteriocide.	1.96	1	0	arylmercury compound; benzenes
4-aminophenylmercuriacetate 4-aminophenylmercuriacetate: covalently linked to agarose for purification of FAD & COA with chromatography	1.96	1	0
vendex Torque: The rotational force about an axis that is equal to the product of a force times the distance from the axis where the force is applied.	2.02	1	0	organotin acaricide
thimerosal Thimerosal: An ethylmercury-sulfidobenzoate that has been used as a preservative in VACCINES; ANTIVENINS; and OINTMENTS. It was formerly used as a topical antiseptic. It degrades to ethylmercury and thiosalicylate.. thimerosal : An alkylmercury compound (approximately 49% mercury by weight) used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent.	3.37	7	0	alkylmercury compound	antifungal drug; antiseptic drug; disinfectant; drug allergen
adenosine kinase Adenosine Kinase: An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of ADP plus AMP from adenosine plus ATP. It can serve as a salvage mechanism for returning adenosine to nucleic acids. EC 2.7.1.20.	2.38	2	0
sodium salicylate [no description available]	2.69	3	0	organic molecular entity
ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.	9.89	11	0
1-palmitoyl-2-(6-(n-(7-nitrobenz)-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)aminocaproyl)phosphatidylcholine 1-hexadecanoyl-2-{6-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]hexanoyl}-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+) in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 are hexadecanoyl and 6-[(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]hexanoyl respectively.	1.96	1	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+)	fluorescent probe
calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.	5.11	14	0
lucifer yellow lucifer yellow: RN given refers to di-Li salt	2.38	2	0	organic lithium salt	fluorochrome
5'-deoxy-5'-phosphonomethyladenosine phosphate 5'-deoxy-5'-phosphonomethyladenosine phosphate: ADP analog in which the 5' oxygen is replaced by a methylene group	1.98	1	0
1,2,4-trioxane 1,2,4-trioxane: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
triazacyclononane triazacyclononane: structure in first source	2.46	2	0
chitosan [no description available]	5.7	23	0
iodouracil iodouracil: minor descriptor (64-82); online & Index Medicus search URACIL/AA (64-82)	1.97	1	0
zinc methionine [no description available]	2	1	0
9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-adenine [no description available]	2.17	1	0
bis(1,3-diethylthiobarbiturate)trimethineoxonol bis(1,3-diethylthiobarbiturate)trimethineoxonol: fluorescent probe for membrane potentials	1.97	1	0
s-nitro-n-acetylpenicillamine S-nitro-N-acetylpenicillamine: a NO donor	2.01	1	0
bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.	4.64	28	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
lithium perchlorate lithium perchlorate: stabilizes DNA-polycation complex; RN given refers to parent compound	1.99	1	0
osteum [no description available]	2.71	3	0	organic molecular entity
sodium hypochlorite Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.	2.76	3	0	inorganic sodium salt	bleaching agent; disinfectant
4-hydroxymercuribenzoate [no description available]	3.35	7	0
sodium nitrite Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.	8.1	5	0	inorganic sodium salt; nitrite salt	antidote to cyanide poisoning; antihypertensive agent; antimicrobial food preservative; food antioxidant; poison
raltegravir potassium Raltegravir Potassium: A pyrrolidinone derivative and HIV INTEGRASE INHIBITOR that is used in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS for the treatment of HIV INFECTION.	2.76	3	0
sarkosyl sarkosyl: RN given is for sarkosyl L, the parent cpd; structure	2	1	0
lithium cobalt oxide lithium cobalt oxide: primary cathode material of rechargeable lithium batteries	8.27	5	0
sodium permanganate [no description available]	2.37	2	0
methyl orange methyl orange: indictor of pH with strong acids & bases; also used as reagent to form ion pairs with, and thereby isolate, certain compounds from biological material; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search AZO COMPOUNDS (75-86); file maintained to Azo cpds	7.8	3	0
stearates Stearates: Salts and esters of the 18-carbon saturated, monocarboxylic acid--stearic acid.	1.97	1	0
sodium glutamate Sodium Glutamate: One of the FLAVORING AGENTS used to impart a meat-like flavor.. monosodium glutamate : An organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of glutamic acid.	7.02	1	0	monosodium glutamate	flavouring agent
sodium tetrapropylborate sodium tetrapropylborate: salt of boric acid	2.06	1	0
sodium ethylxanthate Sex: The totality of characteristics of reproductive structure, functions, PHENOTYPE, and GENOTYPE, differentiating the MALE from the FEMALE organism.	1.93	1	0
mersalyl Mersalyl: A toxic thiol mercury salt formerly used as a diuretic. It inhibits various biochemical functions, especially in mitochondria, and is used to study those functions.	2.87	4	0
sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate [no description available]	7.1	1	0
chiniofon Hydroxyquinolines: The 8-hydroxy derivatives inhibit various enzymes and their halogenated derivatives, though neurotoxic, are used as topical anti-infective agents, among other uses.	3.46	8	0
echinomycin Echinomycin: A cytotoxic polypeptide quinoxaline antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces echinatus that binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis.	7.41	2	0	cyclodepsipeptide
hygromycin b [no description available]	2.41	2	0
methyl jasmonate [no description available]	2.06	1	0
phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate : A phosphatidylinositol monophosphate carrying the phosphate group at the 4-position.	2.66	3	0
s-adenosylmethionine (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.	5.42	20	0	organic cation; sulfonium compound	coenzyme; cofactor; human metabolite; micronutrient; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uridine diphosphate n-acetylmuramic acid Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylmuramic Acid: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which is formed from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and phosphoenolpyruvate. It serves as the building block upon which peptidoglycan is formed.. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramate(3-) : A UDP-N-acetyl-D-muramate(3-) in which the anomeric centre of the pyranose fragment has alpha-configuration.	2.71	3	0	UDP-N-acetylmuramate(3-)
picrotoxin Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus.	2.86	4	0
2',3'-o-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate 2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate: analog of ATP; do not confuse with TNP-ATP record	2.42	2	0	C-nitro compound; spiroketal	antagonist
madecassoside [no description available]	8.64	1	1	carboxylic ester; pentacyclic triterpenoid; trisaccharide derivative; triterpenoid saponin	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; antirheumatic drug; plant metabolite; vulnerary
arabinogalactan [no description available]	2.79	3	0
intrinsic factor Intrinsic Factor: A glycoprotein secreted by the cells of the GASTRIC GLANDS that is required for the absorption of VITAMIN B 12 (cyanocobalamin). Deficiency of intrinsic factor leads to VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY and ANEMIA, PERNICIOUS.	2.35	2	0
dolichol monophosphate [no description available]	2.65	3	0
clomiphene citrate phosphomannan : A polymannosidic phosphodiester in which one secondary phosphoryl is linked as mannose 6-phosphate and the other as alpha-hemiacetal phosphate.	2.42	2	0
niraparib niraparib: structure in first source. niraparib : A 2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide that has S-configuration. It is a potent inhibitor of PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 of 3.8 and 2.1 nM, respectively) and approved as a first-line maintenance treatment for women with advanced ovarian cancer after responding to platinum-based chemotherapy.	4.8	1	1	2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; radiosensitizing agent
pervanadate pervanadate: from a mixture of orthovanadate and hydrogen peroxide	2.39	2	0
egg white Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)	3.74	11	0
4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene [no description available]	2.9	3	0	BODIPY compound
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.	2.71	3	0
neurotensin neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91	2.67	3	0	peptide hormone	human metabolite; mitogen; neurotransmitter; vulnerary
mannans [no description available]	5.63	10	2
nitrogenase Nitrogenase: An enzyme system that catalyzes the fixing of nitrogen in soil bacteria and blue-green algae (CYANOBACTERIA). EC 1.18.6.1.	9.21	18	0
inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate(6-) : The hexaanion of 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate.	1.97	1	0	inositol phosphate oxoanion	human metabolite
emixustat emixustat: a visual cycle modulator that inhibits retinal pigment epithelium 65 protein	2.21	1	0
phosphinothricin phosphinothricin: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure. phosphinothricin(1-) : Conjugate base of phosphinothricin arising from deprotonation of the phosphinate function.	2.69	3	0	organic anion
11,12-epoxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid 11,12-epoxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (11S,12R)-EET : An 11,12-EET in which the epoxy moiety has 11S,12R-configuration.. 11,12-EET : An EET obtained by formal epoxidation of the 11,12-double bond of arachidonic acid.	1.99	1	0	11,12-EET	human xenobiotic metabolite
peptones Peptones: Derived proteins or mixtures of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. Peptones are readily soluble in water, and are not precipitable by heat, by alkalis, or by saturation with ammonium sulfate. (Dorland, 28th ed)	3.67	10	0
adenosine diphosphate glucose Adenosine Diphosphate Glucose: Serves as the glycosyl donor for formation of bacterial glycogen, amylose in green algae, and amylopectin in higher plants.. ADP alpha-D-glucoside(2-) : A nucleotide-sugar oxoanion resutling from the deprotonation of both free OH groups of the diphosphate group of ADP alpha-D-glucoside.	2.36	2	0	NDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-); ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate-alpha-D-glucose(2-)	human metabolite
plx4032 [no description available]	4.8	1	1	aromatic ketone; difluorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrrolopyridine; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; B-Raf inhibitor
bacillithiol bacillithiol: antioxidant produced by several bacterial species; structure in first source. bacillithiol : A thiol that is the alpha-anomeric glycoside of L-cysteinyl-D-glucosamine with L-malic acid.	2.08	1	0	glycoside; monosaccharide derivative; thiol	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; cofactor
glycolipids [no description available]	6.95	58	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	6.87	21	1
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	3.27	6	0
punicalagin punicalagin: hepatoprotective agent isolated from Terminalia catappa; structure in first source	7.41	1	0	tannin
tylosin [no description available]	7.38	2	0
phenylserine phenylserine: structure in first source	2.11	1	0
p(1),p(5)-di(adenosine-5'-)pentaphosphate P(1),P(5)-di(adenosine-5'-)pentaphosphate: structure. P(1),P(5)-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate(5-) : An organophosphate oxoanion arising from global deprotonation of the pentaphosphate OH groups of P(1),P(5)-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate.	2.93	4	0	organophosphate oxoanion
gsk299423 GSK299423: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
lrrk2-in1 LRRK2-IN1: inhibits leucine-rich repeat kinase 2; structure in first source	2.17	1	0	aromatic amine; aromatic ether; N-acylpiperidine; N-alkylpiperazine; pyrimidobenzodiazepine; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
nicotinate mononucleotide nicotinate D-ribonucleotide(2-) : Dianion of nicotinic acid D-ribonucleotide arising from deprotonation of carboxylic acid and phosphate functions.	1.94	1	0	organophosphate oxoanion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mannosylglycerate 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-D-glycerate : Conjugate base of 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-D-glyceric acid	2.07	1	0	carbohydrate acid anion
uridine diphosphate n-acetylgalactosamine Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylgalactosamine: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of N-acetylgalactosamine for glycoproteins, sulfatides and cerebrosides.. UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine(2-) : Dianion of UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine arising from deprotonation of the diphosphate OH groups; major species at pH 7.3.. UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine : A UDP-sugar having N-acetyl-D-galactosamine as the sugar component.	3.76	11	0	nucleotide-sugar oxoanion	human metabolite
fructose-1,6-diphosphate fructose-1,6-diphosphate: RN refers to (D)-isomer	3.99	14	0
methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.	2.86	4	0
isoquercitrin [no description available]	2.07	1	0
vasoactive intestinal peptide Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).	7.9	4	0
natriuretic peptide, brain Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.	1.97	1	0	polypeptide
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.	9.05	93	0
chondroitin Chondroitin: A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	8.56	9	0
heparitin sulfate Heparitin Sulfate: A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.	2.41	2	0
arginyl-glycyl-glutamic acid [no description available]	2	1	0	oligopeptide
dihydronicotinamide [no description available]	1.94	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	13.64	178	8	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.	2.64	3	0	carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	5.92	19	0
chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.	7.87	4	0
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.	4.57	8	0
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	3.47	7	0
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.	7.75	31	1	monohydroxybenzoate	plant metabolite
dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.	7.87	4	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam [no description available]	2.25	1	0	benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
atpenin a5 atpenin A5: from Penicillium sp. FO-125; MW C15-H21-N-O5-Cl2	2.11	1	0
mobiflex tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.	2.25	1	0	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	4.96	12	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
dihydroxyfumarate dihydroxyfumarate: RN given refers to ((E)-isomer); structure. dihydroxyfumaric acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid consisting of fumaric acid having two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions.	1.95	1	0	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid
pulvinic acid pulvinic acid: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	butenolide
tigecycline [no description available]	2.46	2	0
magnesium monoperoxyphthalate magnesium monoperoxyphthalate: RN given refers to dihydride	2.39	2	0
byl719 [no description available]	4.8	1	1	proline derivative
ogerin ogerin: a GPR68 modulator; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
copper indium diselenide [no description available]	2.07	1	0
n,n'-bis(pyridoxal-5-phosphate)ethylenediamine-n,n'-diacetic acid [no description available]	14.32	98	18
whitlockite whitlockite: structure; used to coat metal implants	2.74	3	0
omega-agatoxin iva omega-Agatoxin IVA: A neuropeptide toxin from the venom of the funnel web spider, Agelenopsis aperta. It inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, P-TYPE by altering the voltage-dependent gating so that very large depolarizations are needed for channel opening. It also inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, Q-TYPE.	2	1	0
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	5.21	16	0
calca protein, human CALCA protein, human: RefSeq NM_001741	2.05	1	0
kaolinite Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.	9.6	27	0	aluminosilicate mineral; mixture	antidiarrhoeal drug; excipient
clay Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.	4.73	28	0
rhodostomin rhodostomin: amino acid sequence given in first source; an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-containing polypeptide purified from the venom of Calloselasma rhodostoma	2	1	0
lead radioisotopes Lead Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of lead that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Pb atoms with atomic weights 194-203, 205, and 209-214 are radioactive lead isotopes.	2.72	3	0
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	3.64	9	0
phytoestrogens Phytoestrogens: Compounds derived from plants, primarily ISOFLAVONES that mimic or modulate endogenous estrogens, usually by binding to ESTROGEN RECEPTORS.	2.17	1	0
staphyloxanthin staphyloxanthin: Staph aureus pigment; glucose esterified with both a triterpenoid carotenoid carboxylic acid & a C15 fatty acid. staphyloxanthin : A xanthophyll that is beta-D-glucopyranose in which the hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 6 have been acylated by an all-trans-2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,22-decaenoyl group and a 12-methyltetradecanoyl group, respectively. Staphyloxanthin is responsible for the characteristic yellow-golden colour which gives the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus its name.	2.04	1	0	apo carotenoid triterpenoid; D-aldohexose derivative; fatty acid ester; triol; xanthophyll	antioxidant; biological pigment; metabolite; virulence factor
okadaic acid Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells.	4	14	0	ketal
phosphatidylethanol phosphatidylethanol: formed in rat brain by phospholipase D. phosphatidylethanol : A glycerophospholipid that is the monoethyl ester of any phosphatidic acid.	1.98	1	0
pyrethrins [no description available]	1.99	1	0
aquacobalamin [no description available]	1.96	1	0
kiss1 protein, human Kisspeptins: Intercellular signaling peptides that were originally characterized by their ability to suppress NEOPLASM METASTASIS. Kisspeptins have since been found to play an important role in the neuroendocrine regulation of REPRODUCTION.	2.53	2	0
maitotoxin [no description available]	3.48	8	0
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.	9.1	16	0
olivine olivine: sand of primarily magnesium iron silicate, containing low levels of free silica; suggested as a less injurious substitute for silica quartz in foundries; RN in Chemline for unspecified composition: 1317-71-1	2.98	3	0
cobra cardiotoxin proteins Cobra Cardiotoxin Proteins: Most abundant proteins in COBRA venom; basic polypeptides of 57 to 62 amino acids with four disulfide bonds and a molecular weight of less than 7000; causes skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction, interferes with neuromuscular and ganglionic transmission, depolarizes nerve, muscle and blood cell membranes, thus causing hemolysis.	2.67	3	0
hirudin Hirudin: A 65-residue polypeptide from LEECHES.	1.98	1	0
formycin triphosphate formycin triphosphate: formycin ATP analog	1.97	1	0
glutaminase [no description available]	8.39	7	0
ganoderic acid ganoderic acid: from the fruiting body of Ganoderma; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
alcohol oxidase [no description available]	2	1	0
lysophosphatidylinositol [no description available]	1.97	1	0
caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.	6.25	48	0
oligomycins Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).	4.63	28	0
illite [no description available]	7.41	1	0
asbestos, crocidolite Asbestos, Crocidolite: A lavender, acid-resistant asbestos.	2.38	2	0
phthalocyanine phthalocyanine : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that consists of four isoindole-type units, with the connecting carbon atoms in the macrocycle replaced by nitrogen.	4.12	15	0	phthalocyanines; tetrapyrrole fundamental parent
tetraphenylporphine tetraphenylporphyrin: structure in first source	3.41	7	0
g(m3) ganglioside G(M3) Ganglioside: A ganglioside present in abnormally large amounts in the brain and liver due to a deficient biosynthetic enzyme, G(M3):UDP-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. Deficiency of this enzyme prevents the formation of G(M2) ganglioside from G(M3) ganglioside and is the cause of an anabolic sphingolipidosis.. alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1')-Cer(d18:1/24:1(15Z)) : A sialotriaosylceramide consisting of beta-D-GalNAc-(1->4)-[alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc attached to the primary hydroxy function of ceramide(d18:1/24:1(15Z)).	2.67	3	0	alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-ceramide; sialodiosylceramide; sialotriaosylceramide	mouse metabolite
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone: an interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like protease inhibitor	2.41	2	0
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	5.24	52	0
bassianolide bassianolide: cyclodepsipeptide from mycelia of Beauveria bassiana; inhibits isotonic contractions induced by acetylcholine. bassianolide : A cyclodepsipeptide consisting of a cyclic tetramer of the depsipeptide D-Hiv-N-methyl-L-leucine (where D-Hiv = D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid). Found in the fungal species Beauveria bassiana and Verticillium lecanii, it has insecticidal properties and is used as a commercial biopesticide to control of insects of agricultural, veterinary and medical significance. For elucidation of the structure, see Suzuki et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1977 v25, 2167-2170.	1.97	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide; cyclooctadepsipeptide	antineoplastic agent; fungal metabolite; insecticide
lewis x antigen Lewis X Antigen: A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. In the blood the antigen is found on the surface of NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. In addition, Lewis X antigen is a stage-specific embryonic antigen.	1.97	1	0
aqua regia aqua regia: mixture of hydrochloric & nitric acids	2.42	2	0
carboxypeptidase b Carboxypeptidase B: A ZINC-dependent carboxypeptidase primary found in the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. The enzyme catalyzes the preferential cleavage of a C-terminal peptidyl-L-lysine or arginine. It was formerly classified as EC 3.4.2.2 and EC 3.4.12.3.	6.97	1	0
peptide yy peptide YY (3-36): amino acid sequence given in first source	7.06	1	0
calpastatin calpastatin: large mol wt, heat-stable calpain inhibitor; not based on sequestering Ca++ from medium, but binding to calpain does require Ca++. calpastatin peptide Ac 184-210 : A 27-membered polypeptide comprising the sequence Ac-Asp-Pro-Met-Ser-Ser-Thr-Tyr-Ile-Glu-Glu-Leu-Gly-Lys-Arg-Glu-Val-Thr-Ile-Pro-Pro-Lys-Tyr-Arg-Glu-Leu-Leu-Ala-NH2. An acetylated synthetic peptide from human calpastatin that strongly inhibits both calpains I and II but not papain (a cysteine protease) or trypsin (a serine protease).	2.01	1	0	polypeptide	EC 3.4.22.52 (calpain-1) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.53 (calpain-2) inhibitor
angiotensin i Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.. angiotensin I : A ten amino acid peptide formed by renin cleavage of angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I has no direct biological function except that high levels can stimulate catecholamine production. It is metabolized to its biologically active byproduct angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) through cleavage of the two terminal amino acids.. angiotensin I dizwitterion : A peptide zwitterion that is the dizwitterionic form of angiotensin I having both carboxy groups deprotonated and the aspartyl amino group and arginine side-chain protonated. It is the major species at pH 7.3.	2.39	2	0	angiotensin; peptide zwitterion	human metabolite; neurotransmitter agent
gadoxetic acid disodium gadolinium ethoxybenzyl DTPA: DTPA covalently linked to the lipoohilic ethoxybenzyl moiety; a contrast agent in MR imaging of hepatobiliary system	3.82	3	0
cobamamide cobamamide : A member of the class of cobalamins that is vitamin B12 in which the cyano group is replaced by a 5'-deoxyadenos-5'-yl moiety. It is one of the two metabolically active form of vitamin B12.	3.75	3	0
hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.	3.35	7	0
ferrosilicon ferrosilicon: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF	2.4	2	0
mica [no description available]	2.84	3	0
angiotensin iii Angiotensin III: A heptapeptide formed from ANGIOTENSIN II after the removal of an amino acid at the N-terminal by AMINOPEPTIDASE A. Angiotensin III has the same efficacy as ANGIOTENSIN II in promoting ALDOSTERONE secretion and modifying renal blood flow, but less vasopressor activity (about 40%).	2.03	1	0
gibberellins [no description available]	2.66	3	0
copper bis(3,5-diisopropylsalicylate) copper bis(3,5-diisopropylsalicylate): copper is intricate part of molecule; not copper salt; RN given refers to cpd with specified locants for methylethyl moieties	2.38	2	0
peoniflorin peoniflorin: from Radix and of Paeonia suffruticosa	2.51	2	0
vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.	8.22	28	1
aconitine Aconitine: A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM; DELPHINIUM and larkspurs. It activates VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It has been used to induce ARRHYTHMIAS in experimental animals and it has anti-inflammatory and anti-neuralgic properties.. aconitine : A diterpenoid that is 20-ethyl-3alpha,13,15alpha-trihydroxy-1alpha,6alpha,16beta-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-8,14alpha-diol having acetate and benzoate groups at the 8- and 14-positions respectively.	7.65	3	0
ferric ammonium citrate ferric ammonium citrate: RN given refers to unspecified NH4-Fe(+3) salt. ferric ammonium citrate : A mixture of indefinite composition that contains ferric and ammonium cations and citrate(3-) anions, ferric ammonium citrate may be obtained as red crystals or a brownish yellow powder or as green crystals or powder. It is added to foods as an acidity regulator and anticaking agent. It is also used as a positive oral contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging, and was formerly administered orally as a source of iron for the treatment of iron-deficiency anaemia.	1.98	1	0
norgestrel Norgestrel: A synthetic progestational agent with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE. This racemic or (+-)-form has about half the potency of the levo form (LEVONORGESTREL). Norgestrel is used as a contraceptive, ovulation inhibitor, and for the control of menstrual disorders and endometriosis.	1.97	1	0
oxyntomodulin Glucagon-Like Peptides: Peptides derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of pancreatic GLUCAGON. Despite expression of proglucagon in multiple tissues, the major production site of glucagon-like peptides (GLPs) is the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLPs include glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon-like peptide 2, and the various truncated forms.	7.03	1	0
transforming growth factor alpha Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR.	2.41	2	0
as 1411 AGRO 100: an antineoplastic agent that inhibits nuclear factor-kappaB activation; base sequence in first source	2.21	1	0
calciseptine calciseptine: amino acid sequence given in first source; specific blocker of the L-type calcium channel; from black mamba venom	1.99	1	0
lysergic acid lysergic acid : An ergoline alkaloid comprising 6-methylergoline having additional unsaturation at the 9,10-position and a carboxy group at the 8-position.	1.95	1	0
nickel ferrite nickel ferrite : A mixed metal oxide with formula Fe2NiO4.	2.11	1	0
rifamycin s rifamycin S: structure	1.96	1	0
s-mercuric-n-dansylcysteine S-mercuric-N-dansylcysteine: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index	1.95	1	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	2.95	4	0
flavin mononucleotide Flavin Mononucleotide: A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.	5.2	16	0
cytochalasin d Cytochalasin D: A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release.. cytochalasin D : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a mycotoxin produced by Helminthosporium and other moulds which is cell permeable and a potent inhibitor of actin polymerisation and DNA synthesis.	3.39	7	0
antipain Antipain: An oligopeptide produced by various bacteria which acts as a protease inhibitor.	2.01	1	0
peptide yy Peptide YY: A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the L cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide YY inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion.. peptide YY : A 36-membered human gut polypeptide consisting of Tyr, Pro, Ile, Lys, Pro, Glu, Ala, Pro, Gly, Glu, Asp, Ala, Ser, Pro, Glu, Glu, Leu, Asn, Arg, Tyr, Tyr, Ala, Ser, Leu, Arg, His, Tyr, Leu, Asn, Leu, Val, Thr, Arg, Gln, Arg and Tyr-NH2 residues joined in sequence.	7.06	1	0
lactoferrin Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.	6.15	17	0
oligo(dg-dc) [no description available]	2	1	0
factor f430 factor F430: low mol wt nickel-containing cpd from Methanobacterium. coenzyme F430 : A nickel tetrapyrrole found only in methanogenic Archaea. It is the prosthetic group of the enzyme methyl coenzyme M reductase which catalyses the release of methane in the final step of methanogenesis.	3.1	1	0
digitonin Digitonin: A glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin which is bound to five sugars. Digitonin solubilizes lipids, especially in membranes and is used as a tool in cellular biochemistry, and reagent for precipitating cholesterol. It has no cardiac effects.. digitonin : A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies.	3.84	12	0
ettringite ettringite: synthesis of ettringite from acid wastewaters of the aluminium anodising industry is a possible route of reducing the emissions to the environment, recovering at the same time resource materials as a useful marketable mineral	2.6	1	0
orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers	3.14	5	0
apyrase Apyrase: A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. EC 3.6.1.5.	2.78	3	0
thromboplastin Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.	3.22	6	0
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	7.39	37	1
amyloid beta-peptides amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined	2.02	1	0
chondroitin sulfates Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.	6.77	10	2
perlite Perlite: siliceous volcanic rock composed of silicon dioxide & aluminum oxide	7.41	1	0
exudates Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)	3.97	12	0
tautomycin tautomycin: an inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A; isolated from Streptomyces spiroverticillatus; MF: C42-H70-O12; exists as a tautomeric mixture in solution	1.98	1	0
euk-189 EUK-189: a salen Mn compound that mimics the action of catalase; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
factor a factor A: structure in first source	2.21	1	0
tetra(4-n-methylpyridyl)porphine tetra(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphine: structure in first source	3.13	5	0
8-oxodeoxyguanosine triphosphate 8-oxodeoxyguanosine triphosphate: mutagenic nucleotide; hydrolyzed by 8-oxodGTPase to 8-oxodGMP. 8-oxo-dGTP : A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate having 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine as the nucleobase.	3.14	5	0	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	mutagen
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	13.27	145	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	8.89	12	0	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd.. 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.	2.7	3	0	deoxyguanosine phosphate; guanyl deoxyribonucleotide; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
deoxyguanosine triphosphate [no description available]	3.5	8	0	deoxyguanosine phosphate; guanyl deoxyribonucleotide; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dihydroneopterin triphosphate [no description available]	2.02	1	0	dihydropterin; neopterins; pterin phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanosine diphosphate Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	4.96	38	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine diphosphate mannose Guanosine Diphosphate Mannose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be converted to the deoxy sugar GDPfucose, which provides fucose for lipopolysaccharides of bacterial cell walls. Also acts as mannose donor for glycolipid synthesis.. GDP-D-mannose : A GDP-mannose in which the mannose fragment has D-configuration.. GDP-alpha-D-mannose : The alpha-anomer of GDP-D-mannose.	4.4	22	0	GDP-D-mannose	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
guanosine pentaphosphate Guanosine Pentaphosphate: Guanosine 5'-triphosphate 2'(3')-diphosphate. A guanine nucleotide containing five phosphate groups. Three phosphate groups are esterified to the sugar moiety in the 5' position and the other two in the 2' or 3' position. This nucleotide serves as a messenger to turn off the synthesis of ribosomal RNA when amino acids are not available for protein synthesis.. guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-triphosphate : A guanosine bisphosphate having a diphosphate at the 3'-position and a triphosphate at the 5'-position.	2.71	3	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; guanosine bisphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanosine monophosphate Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.. guanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.	3.48	8	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	8.94	284	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine [no description available]	4.78	32	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.	9.13	16	0	guanosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	fundamental metabolite
guanosine tetraphosphate Guanosine Tetraphosphate: Guanosine 5'-diphosphate 2'(3')-diphosphate. A guanine nucleotide containing four phosphate groups. Two phosphate groups are esterified to the sugar moiety in the 5' position and the other two in the 2' or 3' position. This nucleotide serves as a messenger to turn off the synthesis of ribosomal RNA when amino acids are not available for protein synthesis. Synonym: magic spot I.. guanosine 3',5'-bis(diphosphate) : A guanosine bisphosphate having diphosphate groups at both the 3' and 5'-positions.	3.58	9	0	guanosine bisphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
hypoxanthine [no description available]	2.91	4	0	nucleobase analogue; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	fundamental metabolite
inosinic acid Inosine Monophosphate: Inosine 5'-Monophosphate. A purine nucleotide which has hypoxanthine as the base and one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety.	3.09	5	0	inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
inosine [no description available]	2.68	3	0	inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
inosine triphosphate Inosine Triphosphate: Inosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). An inosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonym: IRPPP.	2.66	3	0	inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
inosine diphosphate Inosine Diphosphate: An inosine nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.	2.37	2	0	inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite
sapropterin sapropterin: RN given refers to parent cpd; co-factor required for catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthases. (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin : A 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin in which the stereocentre at position 6 has R-configuration.. sapropterin : A tetrahydropterin that is 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one in which a hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group (6R,1'R,2'S-enantiomer).	3.09	5	0	5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin	coenzyme; cofactor; diagnostic agent; human metabolite
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	12.96	27	1	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
3-methyladenine N3-methyladenine: structure in first source	2.17	1	0
cyclic imp Cyclic IMP: Inosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). An inosine nucleotide which acts as a mild inhibitor of the hydrolysis of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP and as an inhibitor of cat heart cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 3',5'-cyclic IMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide having hypoxanthine as the nucleobase.	2.64	3	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate	mammalian metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
viomycin [no description available]	2.01	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide antibiotic	antitubercular agent
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.	4.75	31	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
7-methylguanine 7-methylguanine: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. 7-methylguanine : A methylguanine that is guanine substituted by a methyl group at position 7. It is a metabolite obtained during the methylation of DNA.. 2-imino-7-methyl-1,2,3,7-tetrahydro-6H-purin-6-one : A 7-methylguanine that is 1,2,3,7-tetrahydro-6H-purin-6-one substituted by an imino group at position 2 and a methyl group at position 7.. 2-amino-7-methyl-7H-purin-6-ol : A 7-methylguanine that is 7H-purine substituted by an amino group at position 2, a methyl group at position 7 and a hydroxy group at position 6.. 2-amino-7-methyl-1,7-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one : A 7-methylguanine that is 1,7-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a methyl group at position 7.	2.1	1	0	7-methylguanine
pheophytin a pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S,11S),4beta,21beta))-isomer	4.8	31	0
neopterin [no description available]	2.42	2	0
5'-guanylylmethylenebisphosphonate guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-methylene]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is guanosine substituted at position 5' by a (beta,gamma-methylene)triphosphate group.	1.96	1	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	5.35	59	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
oxypurinol Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.	1.97	1	0	pyrazolopyrimidine	drug metabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
zaprinast zaprinast: anaphylaxis inhibitor; structure	2.4	2	0	triazolopyrimidines
2-methyl-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,7-dihydroimidazo(1,2-alpha)pyrazin-3-one 2-methyl-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,7-dihydroimidazo(1,2-alpha)pyrazin-3-one: cypridina luciferin analog	2.01	1	0
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	5.75	28	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
noc 7 3-(2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-nitrosohydrazino)-N-methyl-1-propanamine: inhibits the secretion of adrenal catecholamines induced by splanchnic nerve stimulation through activation of BK(Ca) channels	2.08	1	0
azaguanine Azaguanine: One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.. 8-azaguanine : A triazolopyrimidine that consists of 3,6-dihydro-7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing amino and oxo substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively.	1.95	1	0	nucleobase analogue; triazolopyrimidines	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor
guanylyl imidodiphosphate Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.. guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+).	6.08	122	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
2-carboxy-2'-hydroxy-5'-sulfoformazylbenzene 2-carboxy-2'-hydroxy-5'-sulfoformazylbenzene: Raman spectrum probe dye known to from 1:1 complex with zinc. Do not confuse with Pyrithione Zinc with tradename Zincon	2.05	1	0
guanosine 5'-o-(2-thiodiphosphate) [no description available]	2.89	4	0	nucleoside diphosphate analogue
5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
cytarabine Guanosine Diphosphate Fucose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar formed from GDPmannose, which provides fucose for lipopolysaccharides of bacterial cell walls, and for blood group substances and other glycoproteins.	3.36	7	0	GDP-fucose
sildenafil citrate Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.	2.06	1	0	citrate salt	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
8-bromocyclic gmp 8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the guanine ring. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro.	3.07	5	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; organobromine compound	muscle relaxant; protein kinase G agonist
8-hydroxyguanine 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine: was substituted for guanine at G(8), G(9), G(14), or G(15) in the human telomeric oligonucleotide 5'-d[AGGGTTAG(8)G(9)GTT AG(14)G(15)GTTAGGGTGT]-3'. 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine : An oxopurine that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by an oxo group and in which the nitrogens at positions 7 and 9 each bear a hydrogen.	2.02	1	0	oxopurine
trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).	2.41	2	0
pyridine-2-aldoxime pyridine-2-aldoxime: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0
methylnitronitrosoguanidine Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position	3.46	8	0	nitroso compound	alkylating agent
af 013 AF 013: O-n-octyloxime of 3-formylrifamycin SV; inhibitor of nucleic acid polymerases	1.97	1	0
bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid [no description available]	3.37	6	0	cyclic purine dinucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	immunomodulator; signalling molecule
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.	8.73	10	0	guanosines	biomarker
2-naphthol orange 2-naphthol orange: structure; see also record for C.I. Solvent Orange 2	3.45	7	0
remazol black b Remazol black B: RN given refers to the tetrasodium salt. remazole black-GR : A bis(azo) compound with two aryldiazenyl moieties placed at positions 2 and 7 of a multi-substituted naphthalene.	2.81	3	0
arsenazo iii Arsenazo III: Metallochrome indicator that changes color when complexed to the calcium ion under physiological conditions. It is used to measure local calcium ion concentrations in vivo.	2.38	2	0
coelenterazine coelenterazine: active group in AEQUORIN, a coelenterate luciferin. Oplophorus luciferin : An imidazopyrazine that is imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one in which positions 2, 6, and 8 are substituted by 4-hydroxybenzyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, and benzyl groups, respectively.	1.98	1	0
8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-gmp 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cGMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the purine fragment is replaced by a 4-chlorophenylthio group.	1.97	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; aryl sulfide; organochlorine compound; ribonucleotide	protein kinase agonist
antipyrylazo iii antipyrylazo III: a metallochromic indicator	2.37	2	0
prodigiosin Prodigiosin: 4-Methoxy-5-((5-methyl-4-pentyl-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl)- 2,2'-bi-1H-pyrrole. A toxic, bright red tripyrrole pigment from Serratia marcescens and others. It has antibacterial, anticoccidial, antimalarial, and antifungal activities, but is used mainly as a biochemical tool.. prodigiosin : A member of the class of tripyrroles that is a red-coloured pigment with antibiotic properties produced by Serratia marcescens.	7.35	2	0
5,10,15,20-tetra(3-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin 5,10,15,20-tetra(3-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
streptovaricin c streptovaricin C: structure given in first source	1.95	1	0
eriochrome black t [no description available]	2.02	1	0
adenylyl-(3'-5')-guanosine adenylyl-(3'-5')-guanosine: dinucleoside phosphate	1.96	1	0
formycins Formycins: Pyrazolopyrimidine ribonucleosides isolated from Nocardia interforma. They are antineoplastic antibiotics with cytostatic properties.	3.97	4	0
5-methyltetrahydrofolate 5-methyltetrahydrofolate : A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid or L-glutamate units.	1.96	1	0
mocimycin mocimycin: induces GTPase activity of EF-TU; N-demethyl analog of antibiotic X-5108; structure	2.37	2	0	C-glycosyl compound
2'-amino-2'-deoxyguanosine 2'-amino-2'-deoxyguanosine: structure	1.99	1	0
cytidylyl-3'-5'-guanosine cytidylyl-3'-5'-guanosine: also referred to as CpG	1.97	1	0	(3'->5')-dinucleotide
8-hydroxyguanosine triphosphate [no description available]	2.1	1	0
carbadox Carbadox: An antibacterial agent that has been used in veterinary practice for treating swine dysentery and enteritis and for promoting growth. However, its use has been prohibited in the UK following reports of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p125)	2.08	1	0	quinoxaline derivative
imidacloprid imidacloprid: systemic & contact insecticide exhibiting low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source; it is one of the neonicotinoid insecticides, which acts as an antagonist by binding to postsynaptic nicotinic receptors in the insect central nervous system. imidacloprid : An imidazolidine that is N-nitroimidazolidin-2-imine bearing a (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl substituent at position 1.	3.35	1	0	imidacloprid; imidazolidines; monochloropyridine	environmental contaminant; genotoxin; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
guanosine 5'-o-(1-thiotriphosphate) [no description available]	2.4	2	0
methanopterin methanopterin: isolated from Methanobacterium thermautotrophicum. methanopterin : A member of the class of methanopterins obtained by formal dehydrogenation at positions 5, 6, 7 and 8 of tetrahydromethanopterin. The parent of the class of methanopterins	1.99	1	0	methanopterins
2',3'-dideoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate [no description available]	1.97	1	0
manganese gtp manganese GTP: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF	2.67	3	0
dibutyryl cyclic gmp Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP: N-(1-Oxobutyl)-cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate)-2'-butanoate guanosine. A derivative of cyclic GMP. It has a higher resistance to extracellular and intracellular phosphodiesterase than cyclic GMP.	2.38	2	0
8-oxoguanosine 2'-phosphate [no description available]	2.01	1	0
magnesium gtp magnesium GTP: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd Mg salt	1.97	1	0
2-(guanylformylmethoxy)-3-(triphospho)propanal 2-(guanylformylmethoxy)-3-(triphospho)propanal: binds to tubulin molecule & promotes polymerization; periodate oxidation product of GTP; RN from first source; cpd not in Chemline 7/29/83	1.96	1	0
8-azidoguanosine triphosphate [no description available]	1.97	1	0
cyanine dye 3 cyanine dye 3: structures of Cy3 derivatives given in first source	2.08	1	0
alcian blue Alcian Blue: A copper-containing dye used as a gelling agent for lubricants, for staining of bacteria and for the dyeing of histiocytes and fibroblasts in vivo.	2.03	1	0
texaphyrin texaphyrin: structure in first source. texaphyrin : A class of synthetic expanded porphyrins with a 22 pi-electron aromatic system. They are named after the state of Texas where these compounds were first synthesised.	7.47	2	0
guanosine 5'-o-(2-thiotriphosphate) [no description available]	1.96	1	0
lipoteichoic acid lipoteichoic acid: lipopolysaccharides with an acyl group anchored to the cell membrane of gram-positive bacteria; functions as an adhesion molecule to facilitate the binding of bacteria to cells, colonization, and invasion; interacts with CD14 to induce NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production; can function as surface antigen; inhibits remineraliztion of artificial lesions and surface-softened enamels;. lipoteichoic acid : A teichoic acid which is covalently bound to a lipid.	2.97	4	0
eye [no description available]	9.44	7	0
manganese-zinc ferrite [no description available]	2.52	2	0
cycloviolacin o2 cycloviolacin O2: macrocyclic peptide (cyclotide) from the two violets, Viola arvensis Murr. and Viola odorata (Violaceae); amino acid sequence in first source	2.05	1	0
mordenite [no description available]	2.07	1	0
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	7.6	111	0
trypsinogen Trypsinogen: The inactive proenzyme of trypsin secreted by the pancreas, activated in the duodenum via cleavage by enteropeptidase. (Stedman, 25th ed)	8.22	6	0
gq1b ganglioside GQ1b ganglioside: ganglioside with nerve growth factor like activities in two neuroblastoma cell lines	1.98	1	0
metallothionein Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.	8.16	46	1
vermiculite [no description available]	2.03	1	0
dinitrobenzenes Dinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with two nitro groups in the ortho, meta or para positions.	3.79	3	0
2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein [no description available]	2.89	4	0
phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.	6.32	62	0
thrombin aptamer thrombin aptamer: nucleotide sequence given in first source; a synthetic polynucleotide	3.02	4	0
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.	5.66	5	1
pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.	3.1	5	0
tetrafluoroaluminate tetrafluoroaluminate: induces inositol phosphate formation	2.67	3	0
filipin Filipin: A complex of polyene antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces filipinensis. Filipin III alters membrane function by interfering with membrane sterols, inhibits mitochondrial respiration, and is proposed as an antifungal agent. Filipins I, II, and IV are less important.	2.37	2	0
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	2.96	4	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	15.23	31	4
Child Mental Disorders [description not available]	4.73	9	0
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	10.16	65	1
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	17.3	567	13
Neurodevelopmental Disorders These are a group of conditions with onset in the developmental period. The disorders typically manifest early in development, often before the child enters grade school, and are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. (From DSM-5).	4.73	9	0
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	10.41	74	0
Chondrodystrophic Myotonia [description not available]	3.1	5	0
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	6.04	28	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	14.62	229	9
Hydrophobia [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Cardiac Death [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Manganese Poisoning Manganese poisoning is associated with chronic inhalation of manganese particles by individuals who work with manganese ore. Clinical features include CONFUSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and an extrapyramidal syndrome (PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) that includes rigidity; DYSTONIA; retropulsion; and TREMOR. (Adams, Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1213)	18	529	5
Brain Disorders [description not available]	8.81	31	1
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	8.81	31	1
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	12.25	178	2
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	17.25	178	2
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease [description not available]	7.73	25	1
Huntington Disease A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)	7.73	25	1
Anasarca [description not available]	4.13	16	0
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	4.13	16	0
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	6.49	19	0
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	3.16	3	0
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	3.16	3	0
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	6.71	9	1
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	6.71	9	1
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	10.39	14	4
Right Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available]	3.33	1	0
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	3.07	3	0
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	3.07	3	0
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	2.87	4	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	12.88	73	4
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	12.88	73	4
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	10.07	54	0
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	13.3	128	3
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	13.3	128	3
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	10.07	54	0
Bordetella pertussis Infection, Respiratory [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Whooping Cough A respiratory infection caused by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS and characterized by paroxysmal coughing ending in a prolonged crowing intake of breath.	2.31	1	0
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	4.55	9	0
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	4.55	9	0
Kashin-Beck Disease Disabling osteochondrodysplasia with OSTEOSCLEROSIS, cone-shaped METAPHYSIS, and shortening of the DIAPHYSIS. It is endemic in parts of Siberia and northern China. Mineral deficiencies (e.g., selenium, iodine), fungal cereal contamination, and water contamination may be contributing factors in its etiology.	9.36	5	0
Disease A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.	8.74	11	0
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease [description not available]	10.09	64	1
Parkinsonian Disorders A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.	15.09	64	1
Gas Poisoning Poisoning that results from exposure to gases such as CARBON MONOXIDE; NOBLE GASES; OXYGEN; or NATURAL GAS.	2.31	1	0
Diseases, Occupational [description not available]	11.92	166	1
Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	6.07	27	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	6.55	47	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	6.55	47	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	9.98	60	4
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	9.98	60	4
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	5.73	20	0
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	6.16	12	1
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	5.73	20	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	6.16	12	1
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	9.3	28	1
Infective Endocarditis [description not available]	7.41	1	0
Bacterial Endocarditides [description not available]	3.6	8	0
Endocarditis Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (ENDOCARDIUM), the continuous membrane lining the four chambers and HEART VALVES. It is often caused by microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and rickettsiae. Left untreated, endocarditis can damage heart valves and become life-threatening.	7.41	1	0
Endocarditis, Bacterial Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use.	3.6	8	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	5.45	63	0
Abnormality, Heart [description not available]	4.29	4	1
Heart Defects, Congenital Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.	4.29	4	1
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	3.77	11	0
Animal Mammary Carcinoma [description not available]	2.94	4	0
Action Tremor [description not available]	4.41	21	0
Tremor Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.	4.41	21	0
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	3.8	11	0
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	3.8	11	0
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	5.95	8	1
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	5.95	8	1
Autism Spectrum Disorder Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V)	5.08	12	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	9.88	147	0
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	5.25	12	1
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	5.25	12	1
Atherogenesis [description not available]	4.57	9	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	4.88	36	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	4.88	36	0
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	9.57	9	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	15.9	197	6
Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Blood Borne Diseases [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Health Care Associated Infection [description not available]	2.9	4	0
Neonatal Sepsis Blood infection that occurs in an infant younger than 90 days old. Early-onset sepsis is seen in the first week of life and most often appears within 24 hours of birth. Late-onset occurs after 1 week and before 3 months of age.	2.41	1	0
Cross Infection Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.	2.9	4	0
Hyperactivity, Motor [description not available]	2.73	3	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	8.89	20	4
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	8.89	20	4
Restless Leg Syndrome [description not available]	2.9	2	0
Restless Legs Syndrome A disorder characterized by aching or burning sensations in the lower and rarely the upper extremities that occur prior to sleep or may awaken the patient from sleep.	2.9	2	0
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	8.32	28	1
Centriacinar Emphysema [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Emphysema A pathological accumulation of air in tissues or organs.	2.41	1	0
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	7.21	33	1
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	7.21	33	1
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	8.85	65	1
Cerebral Pseudosclerosis [description not available]	8.81	28	1
Hepatolenticular Degeneration A rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of copper in the BRAIN; LIVER; CORNEA; and other organs. It is caused by defects in the ATP7B gene encoding copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 3.6.3.4), also known as the Wilson disease protein. The overload of copper inevitably leads to progressive liver and neurological dysfunction such as LIVER CIRRHOSIS; TREMOR; ATAXIA and intellectual deterioration. Hepatic dysfunction may precede neurologic dysfunction by several years.	8.81	28	1
Dementia Praecox [description not available]	3.84	11	0
Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.	3.84	11	0
Autism [description not available]	4.23	5	0
Autistic Disorder A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)	4.23	5	0
Harelip [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Cleft Palate, Isolated [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Cleft Lip Congenital defect in the upper lip where the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the merged medial nasal prominences. It is thought to be caused by faulty migration of the mesoderm in the head region.	2.41	1	0
Cleft Palate Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion.	2.4	2	0
Pneumonia, Pneumococcal A febrile disease caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	2.77	3	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	5.59	17	1
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	6.73	12	2
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available]	5.43	5	1
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	10.34	18	9
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	5.59	17	1
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	6.73	12	2
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	10.34	18	9
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	11.33	59	4
Alagille Syndrome 1 [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	16.33	59	4
Alagille Syndrome A multisystem disorder that is characterized by aplasia of intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC), and malformations in the cardiovascular system, the eyes, the vertebral column, and the facies. Major clinical features include JAUNDICE, and congenital heart disease with peripheral PULMONARY STENOSIS. Alagille syndrome may result from heterogeneous gene mutations, including mutations in JAG1 on CHROMOSOME 20 (Type 1) and NOTCH2 on CHROMOSOME 1 (Type 2).	7.71	3	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	10.51	45	3
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	10.51	45	3
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	5.97	26	1
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	4.15	6	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	5.97	26	1
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	4.15	6	0
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	6.52	18	1
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	6.52	18	1
HPV Infection [description not available]	3.52	1	0
Papillomavirus Infections Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.	3.52	1	0
Aura [description not available]	7.97	22	1
Lassitude [description not available]	3	4	0
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	6.5	15	0
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	7.97	22	1
Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.	8	4	0
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	4.4	8	0
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	9.4	8	0
Dystonia An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77)	5.85	15	0
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	6.05	22	0
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	6.05	22	0
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	4.65	9	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	5.07	2	1
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	7.43	28	1
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	9.1	53	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	5.07	2	1
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	7.43	28	1
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	9.1	53	0
Infections, Listeria [description not available]	3.12	5	0
Chronic Bronchitis [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Bronchitis, Chronic A subcategory of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. The disease is characterized by hypersecretion of mucus accompanied by a chronic (more than 3 months in 2 consecutive years) productive cough. Infectious agents are a major cause of chronic bronchitis.	2.41	1	0
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	4.86	12	0
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	4.86	12	0
Group A Strep Infection [description not available]	4.37	19	0
Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.	4.37	19	0
Encephalopathy, Traumatic [description not available]	2.61	2	0
Brain Injuries, Traumatic A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.	2.61	2	0
Familial Precocious Puberty [description not available]	2.83	3	0
Puberty, Precocious Development of SEXUAL MATURATION in boys and girls at a chronological age that is 2.5 standard deviations below the mean age at onset of PUBERTY in the population. This early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis results in sexual precocity, elevated serum levels of GONADOTROPINS and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES such as ESTRADIOL and TESTOSTERONE.	2.83	3	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	10.76	36	2
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	10.76	36	2
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	4.94	14	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	4.6	9	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	4.94	14	0
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	4.6	9	0
Deficiency, Magnesium [description not available]	4.91	14	0
Magnesium Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936)	9.91	14	0
Thrombocythemia [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Encephalopathy, Hepatic [description not available]	11.59	51	1
Hepatic Encephalopathy A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)	11.59	51	1
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	9.05	19	4
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	4.15	16	0
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	9.05	19	4
Rodent Diseases Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).	2.89	4	0
Infant, Premature, Diseases Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS.	3.34	2	0
Caries, Dental [description not available]	7.94	27	2
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.	12.94	27	2
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	8.28	23	1
Alexia [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available]	3.38	7	0
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	8.38	7	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	7.45	28	1
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	12.45	28	1
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	9.09	37	1
Cortical Lewy Body Disease [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Lewy Body Disease A neurodegenerative disease characterized by dementia, mild parkinsonism, and fluctuations in attention and alertness. The neuropsychiatric manifestations tend to precede the onset of bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY, and other extrapyramidal signs. DELUSIONS and visual HALLUCINATIONS are relatively frequent in this condition. Histologic examination reveals LEWY BODIES in the CEREBRAL CORTEX and BRAIN STEM. SENILE PLAQUES and other pathologic features characteristic of ALZHEIMER DISEASE may also be present. (From Neurology 1997;48:376-380; Neurology 1996;47:1113-1124)	2.52	2	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	9.95	65	7
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	12.23	107	17
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	9.95	65	7
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	12.23	107	17
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	8.82	57	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	13.82	57	0
Parodontosis [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Periodontal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.	2.4	2	0
Reproductive Sterility [description not available]	5.16	6	0
Infertility A reduced or absent capacity to reproduce.	10.16	6	0
Acanthocytosis with Neurologic Disorder [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis [description not available]	2.5	2	0
Prostatitis Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the parenchyma of PROSTATE. The subtypes are classified by their varied laboratory analysis, clinical presentation and response to treatment.	2.5	2	0
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis [description not available]	5.92	17	0
Pre-Eclampsia A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.	10.92	17	0
Adolescent Obesity [description not available]	2.66	2	0
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	3.1	5	0
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	3.1	5	0
CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease) [description not available]	3.7	3	0
Dementias, Transmissible [description not available]	6.19	17	0
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome A rare transmissible encephalopathy most prevalent between the ages of 50 and 70 years. Affected individuals may present with sleep disturbances, personality changes, ATAXIA; APHASIA, visual loss, weakness, muscle atrophy, MYOCLONUS, progressive dementia, and death within one year of disease onset. A familial form exhibiting autosomal dominant inheritance and a new variant CJD (potentially associated with ENCEPHALOPATHY, BOVINE SPONGIFORM) have been described. Pathological features include prominent cerebellar and cerebral cortical spongiform degeneration and the presence of PRIONS. (From N Engl J Med, 1998 Dec 31;339(27))	3.7	3	0
Tauopathies Neurodegenerative disorders involving deposition of abnormal tau protein isoforms (TAU PROTEINS) in neurons and glial cells in the brain. Pathological aggregations of tau proteins are associated with mutation of the tau gene on chromosome 17 in patients with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; DEMENTIA; PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS; progressive supranuclear palsy (SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE); and corticobasal degeneration.	3.13	4	0
a-Synucleinopathies [description not available]	2.41	1	0
TDP-43 Proteinopathies Diseases characterized by the presence of abnormally phosphorylated, ubiquitinated, and cleaved DNA-binding protein TDP-43 in affected brain and spinal cord. Inclusions of the pathologic protein in neurons and glia, without the presence of AMYLOID, is the major feature of these conditions, thus making these proteinopathies distinct from most other neurogenerative disorders in which protein misfolding leads to brain amyloidosis. Both frontotemporal lobar degeneration and AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS exhibit this common method of pathogenesis and thus they may represent two extremes of a continuous clinicopathological spectrum of one disease.	2.41	1	0
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	4.38	14	0
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	4.38	14	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational [description not available]	3.88	3	0
Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.	3.88	3	0
Muscular Weakness [description not available]	2.85	3	0
Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial [description not available]	3.96	4	0
Ataxia Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.	5.91	14	0
Muscle Weakness A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)	2.85	3	0
Mitochondrial Diseases Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.	3.96	4	0
Abortion, Veterinary Premature expulsion of the FETUS in animals.	4.44	5	0
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	8.54	50	1
Aspiration, Meconium [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Acute Q Fever [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Caprine Diseases [description not available]	2.66	2	0
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome A condition caused by inhalation of MECONIUM into the LUNG of FETUS or NEWBORN, usually due to vigorous respiratory movements during difficult PARTURITION or respiratory system abnormalities. Meconium aspirate may block small airways leading to difficulties in PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE and ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA.	2.41	1	0
Orchitis Inflammation of a TESTIS. It has many features of EPIDIDYMITIS, such as swollen SCROTUM; PAIN; PYURIA; and FEVER. It is usually related to infections in the URINARY TRACT, which likely spread to the EPIDIDYMIS and then the TESTIS through either the VAS DEFERENS or the lymphatics of the SPERMATIC CORD.	2.41	1	0
Low Bone Density [description not available]	4.7	4	0
Bone Diseases, Metabolic Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE.	4.7	4	0
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available]	7.09	14	1
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).	7.09	14	1
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	8.46	7	5
Adult-Onset Dystonias [description not available]	4.44	7	0
Dystonic Disorders Acquired and inherited conditions that feature DYSTONIA as a primary manifestation of disease. These disorders are generally divided into generalized dystonias (e.g., dystonia musculorum deformans) and focal dystonias (e.g., writer's cramp). They are also classified by patterns of inheritance and by age of onset.	4.44	7	0
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	7.06	30	1
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	7.06	30	1
Abdominal Obesity [description not available]	5.01	10	0
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	3.27	5	0
Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.	4.74	11	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	7.01	17	1
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	5.39	14	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	6.94	38	2
EBV Infections [description not available]	3.36	5	0
Glandular Fever [description not available]	3.27	6	0
Infectious Mononucleosis A common, acute infection usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN). There is an increase in mononuclear white blood cells and other atypical lymphocytes, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and occasionally hepatomegaly with hepatitis.	3.27	6	0
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections Infection with human herpesvirus 4 (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN); which may facilitate the development of various lymphoproliferative disorders. These include BURKITT LYMPHOMA (African type), INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS, and oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY).	3.36	5	0
Body-Weight Trajectory A general pattern of body weight gain or loss over many years. Weight change trajectory is influenced by several determinants in children and adults.	3.33	4	0
Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin.	4.45	5	1
Dyslipidemia [description not available]	7.84	3	0
Dyslipidemias Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.	2.84	3	0
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available]	4.38	4	1
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.	4.38	4	1
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	2.92	4	0
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	2.92	4	0
Diseases, Metabolic [description not available]	7.16	25	0
Erythrocytosis [description not available]	9.39	8	0
Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)	12.16	25	0
Heavy Metal Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of HEAVY METALS. Acute and chronic exposures can cause ANEMIA; KIDNEY and LIVER damage; PULMONARY EDEMA; MEMORY LOSS and behavioral changes; bone deformities in children; and MISCARRIAGE or PREMATURE LABOR in pregnant women.	6.3	25	0
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available]	5.56	6	1
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.	2.75	3	0
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).	2.39	2	0
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.	5.56	6	1
ADDH [description not available]	7.13	13	1
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)	7.13	13	1
Cirrhosis [description not available]	8.37	6	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	8.37	6	0
Leishmaniasis, American [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous An endemic disease that is characterized by the development of single or multiple localized lesions on exposed areas of skin that typically ulcerate. The disease has been divided into Old and New World forms. Old World leishmaniasis is separated into three distinct types according to epidemiology and clinical manifestations and is caused by species of the L. tropica and L. aethiopica complexes as well as by species of the L. major genus. New World leishmaniasis, also called American leishmaniasis, occurs in South and Central America and is caused by species of the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes.	2.6	1	0
Chronic Insomnia [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.	2.6	1	0
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	6.07	10	1
Anorexia The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.	7.55	2	0
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	6.07	10	1
Infarct [description not available]	7.6	1	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	7.4	44	1
Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	8.04	8	4
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	8.04	8	4
Gestational Hypertension [description not available]	8.77	3	0
Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced A condition in pregnant women with elevated systolic (	3.77	3	0
Apical Ballooning Syndrome [description not available]	3.01	2	0
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy A transient left ventricular apical dysfunction or ballooning accompanied by electrocardiographic (ECG) T wave inversions. This abnormality is associated with high levels of CATECHOLAMINES, either administered or endogenously secreted from a tumor or during extreme stress.	3.01	2	0
Apoplexy [description not available]	3.36	6	0
Acute Ischemic Stroke [description not available]	2.76	2	0
Ischemic Stroke Stroke due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA resulting in interruption or reduction of blood flow to a part of the brain. When obstruction is due to a BLOOD CLOT formed within in a cerebral blood vessel it is a thrombotic stroke. When obstruction is formed elsewhere and moved to block a cerebral blood vessel (see CEREBRAL EMBOLISM) it is referred to as embolic stroke. Wake-up stroke refers to ischemic stroke occurring during sleep while cryptogenic stroke refers to ischemic stroke of unknown origin.	2.76	2	0
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	3.36	6	0
Malnourishment [description not available]	4.33	6	0
Severe Acute Malnutrition Acute form of MALNUTRITION which usually affects children, characterized by a very low weight for height (below -3z scores of the median World Health Organization standards), visible severe wasting, or occurrence of nutritional EDEMA. It can be a direct or indirect cause of fatality in children suffering from DIARRHEA and PNEUMONIA. Do not confuse with starvation, a condition in which the body is not getting enough food, usually for extended periods of time.	7.6	1	0
Malnutrition An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement.	9.33	6	0
Canine Diseases [description not available]	6.44	9	1
Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available]	3.81	4	0
Amentia [description not available]	5.55	9	0
Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.	3.81	4	0
Dementia An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.	10.55	9	0
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.	8.43	7	0
Colitis, Granulomatous [description not available]	3.32	6	0
Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.	3.32	6	0
Candida Infection [description not available]	2.91	4	0
Candidiasis Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.91	4	0
Anemias, Iron-Deficiency [description not available]	8.38	19	1
Arteriovenous Malformations Abnormal formation of blood vessels that shunt arterial blood directly into veins without passing through the CAPILLARIES. They usually are crooked, dilated, and with thick vessel walls. A common type is the congenital arteriovenous fistula. The lack of blood flow and oxygen in the capillaries can lead to tissue damage in the affected areas.	2.52	2	0
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia [description not available]	4.37	7	0
Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic An autosomal dominant vascular anomaly characterized by telangiectases of the skin and mucous membranes and by recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. This disorder is caused by mutations of a gene (on chromosome 9q3) which encodes endoglin, a membrane glycoprotein that binds TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA.	4.37	7	0
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased.	8.38	19	1
E coli Infections [description not available]	3.29	6	0
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	3.29	6	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	4.46	5	1
Infections, Legionella pneumophila [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	4.77	31	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	7.16	34	1
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	4.77	31	0
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	7.16	34	1
Acute Onset Vascular Dementia [description not available]	3.68	2	0
Dementia, Vascular An imprecise term referring to dementia associated with CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS, including CEREBRAL INFARCTION (single or multiple), and conditions associated with chronic BRAIN ISCHEMIA. Diffuse, cortical, and subcortical subtypes have been described. (From Gerontol Geriatr 1998 Feb;31(1):36-44)	3.68	2	0
Berger Disease [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Glomerulonephritis, IGA A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE.	2.57	2	0
Hyperammonemia Elevated level of AMMONIA in the blood. It is a sign of defective CATABOLISM of AMINO ACIDS or ammonia to UREA.	5.09	5	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	8.41	7	0
Allergic Rhinitis [description not available]	4.07	2	1
Eczema, Atopic [description not available]	4.32	7	0
Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.	4.32	7	0
Rhinitis, Allergic An inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA triggered by ALLERGENS.	4.07	2	1
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [description not available]	5.7	32	0
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)	5.7	32	0
Acrania [description not available]	3.89	4	0
Neural Tube Defects Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)	8.89	4	0
Pericementitis [description not available]	5.44	5	1
Periodontitis Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)	5.44	5	1
Gouty Arthritis [description not available]	7.6	1	0
Arthritis, Gouty Arthritis, especially of the great toe, as a result of gout. Acute gouty arthritis often is precipitated by trauma, infection, surgery, etc. The initial attacks are usually monoarticular but later attacks are often polyarticular. Acute and chronic gouty arthritis are associated with accumulation of MONOSODIUM URATE in and around affected joints.	2.6	1	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	5.05	16	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	5.05	16	0
Bone Cancer [description not available]	3.06	5	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	3.06	5	0
Adnexitis Inflammation of the uterine appendages (ADNEXA UTERI) including infection of the FALLOPIAN TUBES (SALPINGITIS), the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), or the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS).	2.6	1	0
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease A spectrum of inflammation involving the female upper genital tract and the supporting tissues. It is usually caused by an ascending infection of organisms from the endocervix. Infection may be confined to the uterus (ENDOMETRITIS), the FALLOPIAN TUBES; (SALPINGITIS); the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS), or may involve several of the above uterine appendages. Such inflammation can lead to functional impairment and infertility.	2.6	1	0
Acute Brain Injuries [description not available]	5.52	5	1
Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	5.52	5	1
Cicatrization The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.	2.6	1	0
Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.	2.6	1	0
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae [description not available]	3.13	5	0
Orthomyxoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.	3.13	5	0
Preterm Birth [description not available]	7.76	2	0
Premature Birth CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).	2.76	2	0
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	8.55	55	0
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	13.55	55	0
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	4.63	5	1
Sarcopenia Progressive decline in muscle mass due to aging which results in decreased functional capacity of muscles.	8.14	1	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	6.44	8	2
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	6.44	8	2
Starvation Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)	5.14	11	0
Carbohydrate-Deficient Glycoprotein Syndrome [description not available]	4.49	7	0
Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation A genetically heterogeneous group of heritable disorders resulting from defects in protein N-glycosylation.	9.49	7	0
Alobar Holoprosencephaly [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Abortion, Tubal [description not available]	4.59	10	0
Sterility, Female [description not available]	5.69	11	0
Abortion, Spontaneous Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.	4.59	10	0
Infertility, Female Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.	5.69	11	0
Exertional Heat Illness [description not available]	4.14	3	1
Avian Diseases [description not available]	4.97	3	1
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.	2.54	2	0
Diathesis [description not available]	6.51	14	0
Post-Natal Depression [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Depression, Postpartum Depression in POSTPARTUM WOMEN, usually within four weeks after giving birth (PARTURITION). The degree of depression ranges from mild transient depression to neurotic or psychotic depressive disorders. (From DSM-IV, p386)	2.25	1	0
Cacosmia [description not available]	3.33	6	0
MPTP Neurotoxicity Syndrome [description not available]	5.95	9	1
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.	2.49	2	0
Basal Ganglia Diseases Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	6.34	17	0
Acinetobacter Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus ACINETOBACTER.	2.53	2	0
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	2.95	4	0
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	2.95	4	0
Genetic Diseases [description not available]	3.36	2	0
Genetic Diseases, Inborn Diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during embryo or fetal development, although they may be observed later in life. The mutations may be inherited from a parent's genome or they may be acquired in utero.	3.36	2	0
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Bipolar Disorder A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.	2.68	3	0
Amaurosis [description not available]	3.2	5	0
Blindness The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.	3.2	5	0
Pain, Chronic [description not available]	4.78	6	1
Allodynia [description not available]	3.33	6	0
Nerve Pain [description not available]	3.25	5	0
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	3.25	5	0
Chronic Pain Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.	4.78	6	1
Complications, Hematologic Pregnancy [description not available]	4	5	0
Sterility, Male [description not available]	5.87	13	0
Infertility, Male The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.	5.87	13	0
Injuries, Radiation [description not available]	4.16	6	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	9.11	26	4
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	8.87	93	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	9.11	26	4
Ambulation Disorders, Neurologic [description not available]	5.39	8	0
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.	8.67	10	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	7.06	19	1
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	7.06	19	1
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive [description not available]	3.19	5	0
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.	3.19	5	0
Weight Reduction [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	2.25	1	0
Biliary Calculi [description not available]	2.92	4	0
Gallstones Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHIASIS. Gallstones, derived from the BILE, consist mainly of calcium, cholesterol, or bilirubin.	2.92	4	0
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	13.61	10	4
Blue-Eared Pig Disease [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Disbacteriosis [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body.	2.88	4	0
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	12.98	13	1
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	7.98	13	1
Neurovisceral Storage Disease with Vertical Supranuclear Ophthalmoplegia [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C An autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder that is characterized by accumulation of CHOLESTEROL and SPHINGOMYELINS in cells of the VISCERA and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Type C (or C1) and type D are allelic disorders caused by mutation of the NPC1 gene, which encodes a protein that mediates intracellular cholesterol transport from LYSOSOMES. Clinical signs include hepatosplenomegaly and chronic neurological symptoms. Type D is a variant in people with a Nova Scotia ancestry.	2.25	1	0
Anemia, Cooley's [description not available]	2.31	1	0
beta-Thalassemia A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin. There is retardation of hemoglobin A synthesis in the heterozygous form (thalassemia minor), which is asymptomatic, while in the homozygous form (thalassemia major, Cooley's anemia, Mediterranean anemia, erythroblastic anemia), which can result in severe complications and even death, hemoglobin A synthesis is absent.	2.31	1	0
Osteomyelitis INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.	2.4	2	0
Bone Loss, Perimenopausal [description not available]	4.32	4	1
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.	4.32	4	1
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	8.63	9	0
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	3.63	9	0
Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.	9	4	0
C gattii Infection [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Cryptococcosis Fungal infection caused by genus CRYPTOCOCCUS.	2.25	1	0
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	8.98	5	0
Pulmonary Consumption [description not available]	3.67	10	0
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.	3.67	10	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	4.97	9	0
Addiction, Opioid [description not available]	3.8	2	0
Cancer of Endometrium [description not available]	3.17	1	0
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	8.62	3	0
Opioid-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS.	3.8	2	0
Endometrial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.	3.17	1	0
Ache [description not available]	4	5	0
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	9	5	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	9.68	26	4
Chronic Illness [description not available]	10.92	80	6
Attachment Loss, Periodontal [description not available]	4.62	1	1
Infections, Coronavirus [description not available]	4.99	2	1
Chemical Dependence [description not available]	5.83	8	1
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	5.34	4	1
Osteoarthritis of Knee [description not available]	4.62	1	1
Deafness, Transitory [description not available]	6.4	8	1
Liver Abscess, Pyogenic Single or multiple areas of PUS due to bacterial infection within the hepatic parenchyma. It can be caused by a variety of BACTERIA, local or disseminated from infections elsewhere such as in APPENDICITIS; CHOLECYSTITIS; PERITONITIS; and after LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.	4.62	1	1
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	5.84	3	1
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates usually from cells on the surface of the middle and lower third of the ESOPHAGUS. Tumor cells exhibit typical squamous morphology and form large polypoid lesions. Mutations in RNF6, LZTS1, TGFBR2, DEC1, and WWOX1 genes are associated with this cancer.	4.62	1	1
Ancylostomiasis Infection of humans or animals with hookworms of the genus ANCYLOSTOMA. Characteristics include anemia, dyspepsia, eosinophilia, and abdominal swelling.	4.62	1	1
Auricular Fibrillation [description not available]	4.62	1	1
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	6.1	6	2
Bladder Disorder, Neurogenic [description not available]	4.62	1	1
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	6.15	12	1
Fistula Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.	4.62	1	1
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	4.62	1	1
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	8.12	9	4
Bleeding [description not available]	6.11	7	1
Infections, Klebsiella [description not available]	4.62	1	1
Mitral Incompetence [description not available]	5.25	2	2
Kahler Disease [description not available]	6.05	11	1
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	8.02	7	4
Morbid Obesity [description not available]	4.62	1	1
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	6.59	6	2
Pocket, Periodontal [description not available]	4.62	1	1
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	6.25	13	1
Embolism, Pulmonary [description not available]	4.62	1	1
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	4.76	2	1
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	5.52	6	1
Linear Skull Fracture [description not available]	4.62	1	1
Nicotine Addiction [description not available]	4.62	1	1
Zoonoses Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.	4.62	1	1
Coxarthrosis [description not available]	4.62	1	1
Shoulder Injuries Injuries involving the SHOULDERS and SHOULDER JOINT.	4.62	1	1
Hemorrhage, Gingival [description not available]	4.62	1	1
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	5.21	4	1
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	8.02	20	3
Atrial Fibrillation Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.	4.62	1	1
Biliary Tract Diseases Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.	6.59	8	1
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	6.1	6	2
Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic Dysfunction of the URINARY BLADDER due to disease of the central or peripheral nervous system pathways involved in the control of URINATION. This is often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, but may also be caused by BRAIN DISEASES or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES.	4.62	1	1
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	6.15	12	1
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	10.92	80	6
Gingival Hemorrhage The flowing of blood from the marginal gingival area, particularly the sulcus, seen in such conditions as GINGIVITIS, marginal PERIODONTITIS, injury, and ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY.	4.62	1	1
Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.	4.62	1	1
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	8.12	9	4
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	6.11	7	1
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	6.06	11	1
Klebsiella Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.	4.62	1	1
Mitral Valve Insufficiency Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation.	5.25	2	2
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	6.05	11	1
Obesity, Morbid The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.	4.62	1	1
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	6.59	6	2
Periodontal Pocket An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment and bone resorption.	4.62	1	1
Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.	4.62	1	1
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	6.25	13	1
Pulmonary Embolism Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.	4.62	1	1
Respiratory Distress Syndrome A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.	4.76	2	1
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.	5.52	6	1
Tobacco Use Disorder Tobacco used to the detriment of a person's health or social functioning. Tobacco dependence is included.	4.62	1	1
Vitiligo A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached.	9.7	2	1
Osteoarthritis, Hip Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the hip joint which usually appears in late middle or old age. It is characterized by growth or maturational disturbances in the femoral neck and head, as well as acetabular dysplasia. A dominant symptom is pain on weight-bearing or motion.	4.62	1	1
Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).	4.99	2	1
Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse.	5.83	8	1
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	5.34	4	1
Osteoarthritis, Knee Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)	4.62	1	1
Hearing Loss A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.	6.4	8	1
Lipid Metabolism Disorders Pathological conditions resulting from abnormal anabolism or catabolism of lipids in the body.	4.62	1	1
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	5.84	3	1
Cells, Neoplasm Circulating [description not available]	3.83	2	1
Pulsatile Tinnitus [description not available]	5.51	5	1
Tinnitus A nonspecific symptom of hearing disorder characterized by the sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, and other noises in the ear. Objective tinnitus refers to noises generated from within the ear or adjacent structures that can be heard by other individuals. The term subjective tinnitus is used when the sound is audible only to the affected individual. Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of COCHLEAR DISEASES; VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; and other conditions.	5.51	5	1
Poisoning, Lead [description not available]	6.77	28	0
Lead Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds.	11.77	28	0
Cerebral Microangiopathies [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	2.25	1	0
Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases Pathological processes or diseases where cerebral MICROVESSELS show abnormalities. They are often associated with aging, hypertension and risk factors for lacunar infarcts (see LACUNAR INFARCTION); LEUKOARAIOSIS; and CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE.	2.25	1	0
Cocaine Abuse [description not available]	2.61	2	0
Cocaine-Related Disorders Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine.	2.61	2	0
Chorea Disorders [description not available]	3.1	5	0
Chorea Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement. Hypotonia and pendular reflexes are often associated. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of chorea as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as CHOREATIC DISORDERS. Chorea is also a frequent manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.	8.1	5	0
Clostridioides difficile Infection [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Besnoitiasis [description not available]	3.07	5	0
Clostridium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species.	2.25	1	0
Enteritis Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.	7.7	3	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	4.29	19	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	3.97	14	0
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	3.97	14	0
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Peritoneal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.	2.31	1	0
Babesia Infection [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Hyperthermia An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of inability to regulate core body temperature due to non-pathologic factors.	2.25	1	0
Meningitis, Viral Viral infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space. TOGAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; FLAVIVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RUBELLA; BUNYAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORBIVIRUS infections; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RHABDOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; ADENOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; JC VIRUS infections; and RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS may cause this form of meningitis. Clinical manifestations include fever, headache, neck pain, vomiting, PHOTOPHOBIA, and signs of meningeal irritation. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp1-3)	2.42	2	0
Low Back Ache [description not available]	4.36	4	1
Low Back Pain Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.	9.36	4	1
Drug Overdose Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.	4.37	4	1
American Trypanosomiasis [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.	2.31	1	0
Metastase [description not available]	10.63	10	2
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	5.63	10	2
Infections, Pneumococcal [description not available]	3.58	8	0
Pneumococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	3.58	8	0
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	2.93	4	0
Hibernation, Myocardial [description not available]	5.26	4	0
Academic Disorder, Developmental [description not available]	3.4	7	0
Learning Disabilities Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.	3.4	7	0
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome [description not available]	2.86	3	0
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.	7.86	3	0
Trypanosomiasis Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA.	2.31	1	0
Psychoses [description not available]	3.61	3	0
Psychotic Disorders Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)	3.61	3	0
Encephalomyelitis, Subacute Necrotizing [description not available]	2.61	2	0
Leigh Disease A group of metabolic disorders primarily of infancy characterized by the subacute onset of psychomotor retardation, hypotonia, ataxia, weakness, vision loss, eye movement abnormalities, seizures, dysphagia, and lactic acidosis. Pathological features include spongy degeneration of the neuropile of the basal ganglia, thalamus, brain stem, and spinal cord. Patterns of inheritance include X-linked recessive, autosomal recessive, and mitochondrial. Leigh disease has been associated with mutations in genes for the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX; CYTOCHROME-C OXIDASE; ATP synthase subunit 6; and subunits of mitochondrial complex I. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p850).	2.61	2	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	4.68	29	0
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.	2.31	1	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	3.26	6	0
Adult Neuroaxonal Dystrophy [description not available]	3.23	1	0
Iron Metabolism Disorders Disorders in the processing of iron in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. (From Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary, 4th ed)	4.62	6	0
Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism [description not available]	8.35	54	0
Parkinson Disease, Secondary Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)	8.35	54	0
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	9.75	69	2
Eye Disorders [description not available]	4.01	5	0
Sore Throat [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye.	4.01	5	0
Pharyngitis Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX).	2.15	1	0
Clerambault Syndrome [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Bewilderment [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS.	3.88	4	0
Hypertension, Portal Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.	3.88	4	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	12.2	157	6
Central Nervous System Disease [description not available]	5.31	13	0
Central Nervous System Diseases Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.	5.31	13	0
Disease Resistance The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.	7.81	3	0
Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available]	7.86	32	1
Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).	7.86	32	1
Protein Folding Diseases [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Central Hypothyroidism [description not available]	4.3	7	0
Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.	4.3	7	0
Deficiency Diseases A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	11.74	110	2
Cranial Nerve II Injuries [description not available]	3.22	5	0
Callous-Unemotional Traits [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Conduct Disorder A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated. These behaviors include aggressive conduct that causes or threatens physical harm to other people or animals, nonaggressive conduct that causes property loss or damage, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of rules. The onset is before age 18. (From DSM-IV, 1994)	2.15	1	0
Alpha Virus Infections [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Joint Pain [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Arthralgia Pain in the joint.	2.15	1	0
Acute Pain Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing.	2.15	1	0
Autolysis The spontaneous disintegration of tissues or cells by the action of their own autogenous enzymes.	8.2	6	0
Motor Disorders Motor skills deficits that significantly and persistently interfere with ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING appropriate to chronological age. (from DSM-5)	2.58	2	0
Autosomal Dominant Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary A group of inherited diseases that share similar phenotypes but are genetically diverse. Different genetic loci for autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, and x-linked forms of hereditary spastic paraplegia have been identified. Clinically, patients present with slowly progressive distal limb weakness and lower extremity spasticity. Peripheral sensory neurons may be affected in the later stages of the disease. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998 Jan;64(1):61-6; Curr Opin Neurol 1997 Aug;10(4):313-8)	2.15	1	0
Black Death [description not available]	2.74	3	0
Plague An acute infectious disease caused by YERSINIA PESTIS that affects humans, wild rodents, and their ectoparasites. This condition persists due to its firm entrenchment in sylvatic rodent-flea ecosystems throughout the world. Bubonic plague is the most common form.	7.74	3	0
Heavy Metal Poisoning, Nervous System Conditions associated with damage or dysfunction of the nervous system caused by exposure to heavy metals, which may cause a variety of central, peripheral, or autonomic nervous system injuries.	4.89	5	0
Brucella Infection [description not available]	3.82	4	0
Brucellosis Infection caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA mainly involving the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. This condition is characterized by fever, weakness, malaise, and weight loss.	3.82	4	0
Arenaviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ARENAVIRIDAE.	2.15	1	0
Pallor A clinical manifestation consisting of an unnatural paleness of the skin.	2.17	1	0
Alcoholic Cirrhosis [description not available]	9.77	12	0
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING.	4.77	12	0
Metal Metabolism, Inborn Error [description not available]	4.64	6	0
Metal Metabolism, Inborn Errors Dysfunctions in the metabolism of metals resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.	4.64	6	0
Encephalopathy, Mercury [description not available]	3.06	1	0
Cadmium Poisoning Poisoning occurring after exposure to cadmium compounds or fumes. It may cause gastrointestinal syndromes, anemia, or pneumonitis.	5.43	15	0
Lead Poisoning, Nervous System Injury to the nervous system secondary to exposure to lead compounds. Two distinct clinical patterns occur in children (LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, CHILDHOOD) and adults (LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, ADULT). In children, lead poisoning typically produces an encephalopathy. In adults, exposure to toxic levels of lead is associated with a peripheral neuropathy.	3.94	2	0
Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.	3.11	5	0
Adolescent Gynecomastia [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Gynecomastia Enlargement of the BREAST in the males, caused by an excess of ESTROGENS. Physiological gynecomastia is normally observed in NEWBORNS; ADOLESCENT; and AGING males.	2.15	1	0
Bradykinesia [description not available]	2.8	3	0
Water-Electrolyte Imbalance Disturbances in the body's WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.	3.31	2	0
Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	6.27	14	1
Infections, Prosthesis-Related [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery.	2.17	1	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	11.27	14	1
Blood Clot [description not available]	4.35	4	1
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	4.35	4	1
Dental Fluoroses [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Fluorosis, Dental A chronic endemic form of hypoplasia of the dental enamel caused by drinking water with a high fluorine content during the time of tooth formation, and characterized by defective calcification that gives a white chalky appearance to the enamel, which gradually undergoes brown discoloration. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)	2.37	2	0
Anxiety Neuroses [description not available]	3.03	4	0
Anxiety Disorders Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.	3.03	4	0
Dyskinesia Syndromes [description not available]	7.66	20	2
Movement Disorders Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.	7.66	20	2
Chronic Primary Open Angle Glaucoma [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Glaucoma, Open-Angle Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris.	2.49	2	0
Hymenolepiasis Infection with tapeworms of the genus Hymenolepis.	2.39	2	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	3.68	10	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	3.68	10	0
Primary Peritonitis [description not available]	2.72	3	0
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.	2.72	3	0
Endotoxemia A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.	3.53	2	0
Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome, Hereditary [description not available]	2.17	1	0
DNA Virus Infections Diseases caused by DNA VIRUSES.	2.17	1	0
Anochlesia [description not available]	2.51	2	0
Gout Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi.	2.17	1	0
Hyperuricemia Excessive URIC ACID or urate in blood as defined by its solubility in plasma at 37 degrees C; greater than 0.42mmol per liter (7.0mg/dL) in men or 0.36mmol per liter (6.0mg/dL) in women. This condition is caused by overproduction of uric acid or impaired renal clearance. Hyperuricemia can be acquired, drug-induced or genetically determined (LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME). It is associated with HYPERTENSION and GOUT.	2.17	1	0
Food Poisoning [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Infant, Small for Gestational Age An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age.	2.59	2	0
Aggression Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.	4.17	6	0
Critical Illness A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.	3.75	3	0
Hyperimidodipeptiduria [description not available]	2.78	3	0
Entamoeba histolytica Infection [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Erythema Migrans, Lingual [description not available]	2.17	1	0
B. burgdorferi Infection [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Lyme Disease An infectious disease caused by a spirochete, BORRELIA BURGDORFERI, which is transmitted chiefly by Ixodes dammini (see IXODES) and pacificus ticks in the United States and Ixodes ricinis (see IXODES) in Europe. It is a disease with early and late cutaneous manifestations plus involvement of the nervous system, heart, eye, and joints in variable combinations. The disease was formerly known as Lyme arthritis and first discovered at Old Lyme, Connecticut.	7.49	2	0
Amyloid Deposits [description not available]	2.96	4	0
Inborn Errors of Metabolism [description not available]	5.71	11	0
Metabolism, Inborn Errors Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.	5.71	11	0
Catheter-Associated Infections [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	2.17	1	0
Depression, Involutional Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.	2.21	1	0
Depressive Disorder, Major Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)	2.21	1	0
ARG1 Deficiency [description not available]	2.91	4	0
Hyperargininemia A rare autosomal recessive disorder of the urea cycle. It is caused by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme ARGINASE. Arginine is elevated in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and periodic HYPERAMMONEMIA may occur. Disease onset is usually in infancy or early childhood. Clinical manifestations include seizures, microcephaly, progressive mental impairment, hypotonia, ataxia, spastic diplegia, and quadriparesis. (From Hum Genet 1993 Mar;91(1):1-5; Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p51)	2.91	4	0
Peripheral Nerve Injury [description not available]	2.53	2	0
Peripheral Nerve Injuries Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.	2.53	2	0
Respiratory Tract Diseases Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.	5.09	17	0
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	8.11	25	0
Astrocytosis [description not available]	3.14	5	0
Tetraploid [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Esophageal Reflux [description not available]	7.21	1	0
Cough A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.	8.19	5	0
Gastroesophageal Reflux Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.	7.21	1	0
Salmonella Infections, Animal Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.	2.21	1	0
Infections, Lentivirus [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available]	3.4	7	0
Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)	3.4	7	0
Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye.	2.43	2	0
Protein Aggregation, Pathological A biochemical phenomenon in which misfolded proteins aggregate either intra- or extracellularly. Triggered by factors such as MUTATION; POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS, and environmental stress, it is generally associated with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; PARKINSON DISEASE; HUNTINGTON DISEASE; and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.	2.54	2	0
MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available]	3.22	6	0
Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)	3.22	6	0
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	5.83	23	0
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia [description not available]	3.38	7	0
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.	3.38	7	0
Alcohol Abuse [description not available]	4.6	10	0
Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)	4.6	10	0
Lead Encephalopathy, Childhood [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Depression, Endogenous [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Depressive Disorder An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.	2.7	3	0
Auditory Processing Disorder, Central [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Chondrosarcoma A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.21	1	0
Iron Overload An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)	3.89	4	0
Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)	2.41	2	0
Cancer of Head [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.	3.73	10	0
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	2.07	1	0
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	6.18	11	0
Fungal Diseases [description not available]	3.93	4	0
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	6.18	11	0
Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI.	3.93	4	0
Pterygium An abnormal triangular fold of membrane in the interpalpebral fissure, extending from the conjunctiva to the cornea, being immovably united to the cornea at its apex, firmly attached to the sclera throughout its middle portion, and merged with the conjunctiva at its base. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.08	1	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	8.51	255	0
Child Behavior Disorders Disturbances considered to be pathological based on age and stage appropriateness, e.g., conduct disturbances and anaclitic depression. This concept does not include psychoneuroses, psychoses, or personality disorders with fixed patterns.	4.36	4	0
Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced [description not available]	4.3	7	0
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)	4.3	7	0
Adult Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses A group of severe neurodegenerative diseases characterized by intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent wax-like lipid materials (CEROID; LIPOFUSCIN) in neurons. There are several subtypes based on mutations of the various genes, time of disease onset, and severity of the neurological defects such as progressive DEMENTIA; SEIZURES; and visual failure.	2.49	2	0
Aberrant Tissue [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Infections, Chlamydia [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Chlamydia Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.	2.08	1	0
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Hemoglobinuria The presence of free HEMOGLOBIN in the URINE, indicating hemolysis of ERYTHROCYTES within the vascular system. After saturating the hemoglobin-binding proteins (HAPTOGLOBINS), free hemoglobin begins to appear in the urine.	2.49	2	0
Bronze Diabetes [description not available]	5.64	13	0
Hemochromatosis A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)	5.64	13	0
Viral Hepatitis, Human [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Hepatitis, Viral, Human INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D).	2.41	2	0
Eosinophilia, Tropical [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Eosinophilia Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.	2.08	1	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	7.99	20	2
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	7.99	20	2
Uveal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UVEA.	2.49	2	0
Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular Enlargement of the RIGHT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is often attributed to PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.	2.08	1	0
Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.	2.47	2	0
Fish Diseases Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).	3.53	8	0
Helminthiasis, Animal Infestation of animals with parasitic worms of the helminth class. The infestation may be experimental or veterinary.	2.08	1	0
Cataract, Membranous [description not available]	3.68	10	0
Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)	8.68	10	0
Breathing Sounds [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Bilateral Nasal Obstruction [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Respiratory Sounds Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.	2.75	3	0
Nasal Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the nose. The obstruction may be unilateral or bilateral, and may involve any part of the NASAL CAVITY.	2.1	1	0
Basophilic Leukemia, Acute [description not available]	2.93	4	0
Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute A rare acute myeloid leukemia in which the primary differentiation is to BASOPHILS. It is characterized by an extreme increase of immature basophilic granulated cells in the bone marrow and blood. Mature basophils are usually sparse.	2.93	4	0
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	5.53	6	1
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	5.53	6	1
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.	5.11	46	0
Sclerosis, Systemic [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Scleroderma, Systemic A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.	2.88	4	0
Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available]	3.22	6	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.	3.22	6	0
Body Weight, Fetal [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Affective Disorders [description not available]	3.35	2	0
Mood Disorders Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.	3.35	2	0
Abnormalities, Congenital [description not available]	7.41	22	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	5.7	14	0
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	5.7	14	0
Hepatitis, Animal INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in non-human animals.	2.42	2	0
Adipocere [description not available]	4.5	5	1
Atheroma [description not available]	3.02	4	0
Benign Psychomotor Epilepsy, Childhood [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Sclerosis A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve.	2.1	1	0
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the TEMPORAL LOBE, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321).	2.49	2	0
Chromosomal Translocation [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Leiomyosarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Leiomyosarcoma A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865)	2.1	1	0
Infection, Toxoplasma gondii [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Toxoplasmosis The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man.	2.1	1	0
Brain Stem Neoplasms, Primary [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Brain Stem Neoplasms Benign and malignant intra-axial tumors of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; or MEDULLA OBLONGATA of the BRAIN STEM. Primary and metastatic neoplasms may occur in this location. Clinical features include ATAXIA, cranial neuropathies (see CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES), NAUSEA, hemiparesis (see HEMIPLEGIA), and quadriparesis. Primary brain stem neoplasms are more frequent in children. Histologic subtypes include GLIOMA; HEMANGIOBLASTOMA; GANGLIOGLIOMA; and EPENDYMOMA.	2.1	1	0
Anterior Optic Neuritis [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Optic Neuritis Inflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior optic neuritis).	2.47	2	0
Behavior Disorders [description not available]	4.71	11	0
Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.	4.71	11	0
Dysentery, Shiga bacillus [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Dysentery, Bacillary DYSENTERY caused by gram-negative rod-shaped enteric bacteria (ENTEROBACTERIACEAE), most often by the genus SHIGELLA. Shigella dysentery, Shigellosis, is classified into subgroups according to syndrome severity and the infectious species. Group A: SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE (severest); Group B: SHIGELLA FLEXNERI; Group C: SHIGELLA BOYDII; and Group D: SHIGELLA SONNEI (mildest).	2.37	2	0
Pervasive Child Development Disorders [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Child Development Disorders, Pervasive Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements.	2.1	1	0
Experimental Spinal Cord Ischemia [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Co-infection [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Koch's Disease [description not available]	3.67	10	0
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	3.67	3	0
Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.	3.67	10	0
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	3.67	3	0
Age-Related Macular Degeneration [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Macular Degeneration Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.	2.11	1	0
Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available]	3.16	5	0
Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.	3.16	5	0
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavioral Disorders [description not available]	2.76	3	0
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Includes two similar disorders: oppositional defiant disorder and CONDUCT DISORDERS. Symptoms occurring in children with these disorders include: defiance of authority figures, angry outbursts, and other antisocial behaviors.	2.76	3	0
Diabetic Retinopathy Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.	3.54	8	0
Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.	8.07	5	0
Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.	3.07	5	0
Gait Disorders, Animal [description not available]	5.57	6	1
African Sleeping Sickness [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Trypanosomiasis, African A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces African sleeping sickness. Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.	2.42	2	0
Itching [description not available]	2.9	4	0
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.	7.9	4	0
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	4.67	11	0
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	4.67	11	0
Coronary Artery Stenosis [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Coronary Stenosis Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.	2.11	1	0
Haemophilus Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS.	2.11	1	0
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome [description not available]	3.83	4	0
Demyelinating Diseases Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.	3.83	4	0
Hyperthyroid [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.	2.88	4	0
Break-Bone Fever [description not available]	2.53	2	0
Dengue An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.	7.53	2	0
Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.	2.92	4	0
Recrudescence [description not available]	5.57	6	1
Labor, Premature [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Abdominal Migraine [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Migraine Disorders A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	2.11	1	0
Child Development Deviations [description not available]	3.38	2	0
Hemisensory Neglect [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Developmental Disabilities Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed)	3.38	2	0
Perceptual Disorders Cognitive disorders characterized by an impaired ability to perceive the nature of objects or concepts through use of the sense organs. These include spatial neglect syndromes, where an individual does not attend to visual, auditory, or sensory stimuli presented from one side of the body.	2.11	1	0
Anemia, Hypochromic Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the erythrocyte, i.e., the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is less than normal. The individual cells contain less hemoglobin than they could have under optimal conditions. Hypochromic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections or other diseases, therapeutic drugs, lead poisoning, and other conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Miale, Laboratory Medicine: Hematology, 6th ed, p393)	6.86	16	1
Thyroid Diseases Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.	2.7	3	0
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	5.54	12	0
Schistosoma mansoni Infection [description not available]	3.66	3	0
Schistosomiasis mansoni Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni. It is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean and affects mainly the bowel, spleen, and liver.	3.66	3	0
Blast Injuries Injuries resulting when a person is struck by particles impelled with violent force from an explosion. Blast causes pulmonary concussion and hemorrhage, laceration of other thoracic and abdominal viscera, ruptured ear drums, and minor effects in the central nervous system. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2.13	1	0
Nanism [description not available]	4.51	9	0
Dwarfism A genetic or pathological condition that is characterized by short stature and undersize. Abnormal skeletal growth usually results in an adult who is significantly below the average height.	9.51	9	0
Aspergilloses, Bronchopulmonary [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea.	2.13	1	0
Pulmonary Aspergillosis Infections of the respiratory tract with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.	2.13	1	0
Cryptogenic Infantile Spasms [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Spasms, Infantile An epileptic syndrome characterized by the triad of infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and arrest of psychomotor development at seizure onset. The majority present between 3-12 months of age, with spasms consisting of combinations of brief flexor or extensor movements of the head, trunk, and limbs. The condition is divided into two forms: cryptogenic (idiopathic) and symptomatic (secondary to a known disease process such as intrauterine infections; nervous system abnormalities; BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC, INBORN; prematurity; perinatal asphyxia; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; etc.). (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp744-8)	2.11	1	0
Cerebellar Diseases Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.	2.11	1	0
Deficiency, Mental [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Intellectual Disability Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)	7.38	2	0
Deficiency of GP 2b 3a Complex [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Developmental Psychomotor Disorders [description not available]	2.9	4	0
Abortion, Recurrent [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Abortion, Habitual Three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.	2.13	1	0
Locomotor Ataxia [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Aspiration, Respiratory [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Suffocation [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Death, Sudden The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions.	2.13	1	0
Foreign Bodies Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body.	2.13	1	0
Rupture Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.	2.13	1	0
Asphyxia A pathological condition caused by lack of oxygen, manifested in impending or actual cessation of life.	2.13	1	0
Hematemesis Vomiting of blood that is either fresh bright red, or older coffee-ground in character. It generally indicates bleeding of the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.	2.13	1	0
Pseudophakia Presence of an intraocular lens after cataract extraction.	2.13	1	0
Genome Instability [description not available]	2.77	3	0
Short Bowel Syndrome A malabsorption syndrome resulting from extensive operative resection of the SMALL INTESTINE, the absorptive region of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.	8.12	5	0
Calculus, Dental [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	2.95	4	0
Ear Diseases Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body.	2.39	2	0
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	2.95	4	0
Bovine Virus Diarrhea Mucosal Disease [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Infections, Pasteurellaceae [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	8.07	5	0
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	3.07	5	0
Infections, Salmonella [description not available]	2.98	4	0
Gastroenteritis INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.	2.69	3	0
Grippe [description not available]	2.5	2	0
Influenza, Human An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.	2.5	2	0
Mastitis, Bovine INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.	2.46	2	0
Friedreich Disease [description not available]	4.03	5	0
Friedreich Ataxia An autosomal recessive disease, usually of childhood onset, characterized pathologically by degeneration of the spinocerebellar tracts, posterior columns, and to a lesser extent the corticospinal tracts. Clinical manifestations include GAIT ATAXIA, pes cavus, speech impairment, lateral curvature of spine, rhythmic head tremor, kyphoscoliosis, congestive heart failure (secondary to a cardiomyopathy), and lower extremity weakness. Most forms of this condition are associated with a mutation in a gene on chromosome 9, at band q13, which codes for the mitochondrial protein frataxin. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1081; N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75) The severity of Friedreich ataxia associated with expansion of GAA repeats in the first intron of the frataxin gene correlates with the number of trinucleotide repeats. (From Durr et al, N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75)	9.03	5	0
Leukocytopenia [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Enlarged Spleen [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Leukopenia A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).	2.13	1	0
Prediabetes [description not available]	7.39	2	0
Prediabetic State The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	2.39	2	0
Becker Muscular Dystrophy [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415)	2.49	2	0
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic [description not available]	5.69	7	1
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).	5.69	7	1
Developmental Coordination Disorder [description not available]	5.07	3	1
Far East Scarlet-like Fever [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Nutritional Disorders [description not available]	6.54	16	0
Leanness [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Nutrition Disorders Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition.	6.54	16	0
B cepacia Infection [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders Disorders whose essential features are the failure to resist an impulse, drive, or temptation to perform an act that is harmful to the individual or to others. Individuals experience an increased sense of tension prior to the act and pleasure, gratification or release of tension at the time of committing the act.	3.06	1	0
Morphine Abuse [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Morphine Dependence Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.	2.4	2	0
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.	3.06	1	0
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available]	6.34	18	0
Pediculosis [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Lice Infestations Parasitic attack or subsistence on the skin by members of the order Phthiraptera, especially on humans by Pediculus humanus of the family Pediculidae. The hair of the head, eyelashes, and pubis is a frequent site of infestation. (From Dorland, 28th ed; Stedman, 26th ed)	2.15	1	0
Prodromal Characteristics [description not available]	3.06	1	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	4.62	6	0
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	4.62	6	0
Keratocysts [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Jaw Cysts Saccular lesions lined with epithelium and contained within pathologically formed cavities in the jaw; also nonepithelial cysts (pseudocysts) as they apply to the jaw, e.g., traumatic or solitary cyst, static bone cavity, and aneurysmal bone cyst. True jaw cysts are classified as odontogenic or nonodontogenic.	2.04	1	0
Brain Swelling [description not available]	4.01	5	0
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	4.01	5	0
Mucositis, Oral [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Stomatitis INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.	7.43	2	0
Drug Abuse, Intravenous [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Arsenic Encephalopathy [description not available]	2.95	4	0
Fibroid [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Cancer of the Uterus [description not available]	8.06	5	0
Leiomyoma A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.	2.37	2	0
Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.	3.06	5	0
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.	8.56	9	0
Hand-Schu00FCller-Christian Disease [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell A group of disorders resulting from the abnormal proliferation of and tissue infiltration by LANGERHANS CELLS which can be detected by their characteristic Birbeck granules (X bodies), or by monoclonal antibody staining for their surface CD1 ANTIGENS. Langerhans-cell granulomatosis can involve a single organ, or can be a systemic disorder.	2.04	1	0
Rida [description not available]	3.98	13	0
Biliary Cirrhosis [description not available]	3.51	8	0
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.	3.51	8	0
Mesothelioma A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)	7.38	2	0
Ectopic Ossification [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Aseptic Necrosis of Bone [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Osteonecrosis Death of a bone or part of a bone, either atraumatic or posttraumatic.	2.39	2	0
Tuberculosis, Drug-Resistant [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis resistant to chemotherapy with two or more ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS, including at least ISONIAZID and RIFAMPICIN. The problem of resistance is particularly troublesome in tuberculous OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS associated with HIV INFECTIONS. It requires the use of second line drugs which are more toxic than the first line regimens. TB with isolates that have developed further resistance to at least three of the six classes of second line drugs is defined as EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS.	2.04	1	0
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	5.37	14	0
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	5.37	14	0
Coronary Restenosis Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction.	3.83	2	1
Prosthesis Durability [description not available]	3.43	1	1
Brain Abscess A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6)	2.45	2	0
Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome A nonfamilial polyposis syndrome that is characterized by the presence of diffuse gastrointestinal polyposis, DIARRHEA, and PROTEIN-LOSING ENTEROPATHY. It was first reported by Cronkhite and Canada in 1955.	2.04	1	0
Chronic Lung Injury [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	5.06	17	0
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	5.06	17	0
Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Brain Infarction Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.	2.04	1	0
Pregnancy in Diabetes [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver [description not available]	3.11	5	0
Infections, Soft Tissue [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Soft Tissue Infections Infections of non-skeletal tissue, i.e., exclusive of bone, ligaments, cartilage, and fibrous tissue. The concept is usually referred to as skin and soft tissue infections and usually subcutaneous and muscle tissue are involved. The predisposing factors in anaerobic infections are trauma, ischemia, and surgery. The organisms often derive from the fecal or oral flora, particularly in wounds associated with intestinal surgery, decubitus ulcer, and human bites. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1688)	2.05	1	0
Convulsions, Grand Mal [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329)	2.05	1	0
Hepatic Failure [description not available]	10.33	9	0
Liver Failure Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)	10.33	9	0
Abnormal Movements [description not available]	3.36	2	0
Marasmus [description not available]	4.41	8	0
Protein-Energy Malnutrition The lack of sufficient energy or protein to meet the body's metabolic demands, as a result of either an inadequate dietary intake of protein, intake of poor quality dietary protein, increased demands due to disease, or increased nutrient losses.	4.41	8	0
Panic Attacks [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Panic Disorder A type of anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks that last minutes or, rarely, hours. Panic attacks begin with intense apprehension, fear or terror and, often, a feeling of impending doom. Symptoms experienced during a panic attack include dyspnea or sensations of being smothered; dizziness, loss of balance or faintness; choking sensations; palpitations or accelerated heart rate; shakiness; sweating; nausea or other form of abdominal distress; depersonalization or derealization; paresthesias; hot flashes or chills; chest discomfort or pain; fear of dying and fear of not being in control of oneself or going crazy. Agoraphobia may also develop. Similar to other anxiety disorders, it may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.	7.05	1	0
Pleural Effusion Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.	2.7	3	0
Chronic Hepatitis B [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Hepatitis B, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	2.05	1	0
Foot Diseases Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.	4.32	4	1
Equine Diseases [description not available]	5.66	7	1
Lathyrism A paralytic condition of the legs caused by ingestion of lathyrogens, especially BETA-AMINOPROPIONITRILE or beta-N-oxalyl amino-L-alanine, which are found in the seeds of plants of the genus LATHYRUS.	3.98	5	0
Pus [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Bronchiectasis Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi.	2.38	2	0
Alcoholic Hepatitis [description not available]	8.78	2	1
Hepatitis, Alcoholic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. It is characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES, infiltration by NEUTROPHILS, and deposit of MALLORY BODIES. Depending on its severity, the inflammatory lesion may be reversible or progress to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	3.78	2	1
Infections, Vibrio [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Acalculous Cholecystitis Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER wall in the absence of GALLSTONES.	2.05	1	0
Gallbladder Dyskinesia [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Biliary Dyskinesia A motility disorder characterized by biliary COLIC, absence of GALLSTONES, and an abnormal GALLBLADDER ejection fraction. It is caused by gallbladder dyskinesia and/or SPHINCTER OF ODDI DYSFUNCTION.	2.05	1	0
Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain [description not available]	3.13	5	0
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.	3.13	5	0
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	3.14	5	0
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	3.14	5	0
Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic [description not available]	2.05	1	0
MODS [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Multiple Organ Failure A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.	2.05	1	0
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever	2.05	1	0
Hepatitis B Virus Infection [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted [description not available]	2.95	4	0
Hepatitis B INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	2.47	2	0
Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.	2.95	4	0
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	4.07	3	1
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	4.07	3	1
Boils [description not available]	6.92	1	0
Chronic Wasting Disease [description not available]	7.05	1	0
Poisoning, Mercury [description not available]	6.15	18	0
Mercury Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of MERCURY or MERCURY COMPOUNDS.	11.15	18	0
Central Nervous System Lupus [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Goiter Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC).	5.12	11	1
Psoriasis Arthropathica [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Arthritis, Psoriatic A type of inflammatory arthritis associated with PSORIASIS, often involving the axial joints and the peripheral terminal interphalangeal joints. It is characterized by the presence of HLA-B27-associated SPONDYLARTHROPATHY, and the absence of rheumatoid factor.	2.05	1	0
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Wounds, Penetrating Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.	2.05	1	0
Elevated Cholesterol [description not available]	3.81	4	0
Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.	8.81	4	0
Tooth Diseases Diseases involving the TEETH.	2.64	3	0
Retinal Degeneration A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304)	2.45	2	0
Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Carcinoma, Basal Cell, Pigmented [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Cancer of Eye [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Carcinoma, Basal Cell A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471)	2.66	3	0
Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone Extranodal lymphoma of lymphoid tissue associated with mucosa that is in contact with exogenous antigens. Many of the sites of these lymphomas, such as the stomach, salivary gland, and thyroid, are normally devoid of lymphoid tissue. They acquire mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type as a result of an immunologically mediated disorder.	2.05	1	0
Bone Fractures [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones.	2.88	4	0
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	2.39	2	0
Female Genital Diseases [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Genital Diseases, Female Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).	2.05	1	0
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Night Blindness Failure or imperfection of vision at night or in dim light, with good vision only on bright days. (Dorland, 27th ed)	7.06	1	0
Bagassosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhaled dust from processing SUGARCANE (bagasse), usually in the manufacturing of wallboard.	3.89	13	0
Pneumoconiosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhalation of dust and by tissue reaction to their presence. These inorganic, organic, particulate, or vaporized matters usually are inhaled by workers in their occupational environment, leading to the various forms (ASBESTOSIS; BYSSINOSIS; and others). Similar air pollution can also have deleterious effects on the general population.	8.89	13	0
HbS Disease [description not available]	2.89	4	0
Anemia, Sickle Cell A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.	2.89	4	0
Acute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month.	2.06	1	0
Muscular Dystrophy [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Muscular Dystrophies A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS.	2.87	4	0
Eclampsia Onset of HYPERREFLEXIA; SEIZURES; or COMA in a previously diagnosed pre-eclamptic patient (PRE-ECLAMPSIA).	2.98	1	0
Histiocytic Necrotising Lymphadenitis [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Polyarthritis [description not available]	8.34	7	0
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	3.34	7	0
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	6.01	20	0
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	5.55	28	0
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	11.01	20	0
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	10.55	28	0
Lung Adenocarcinoma [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Adenocarcinoma of Lung A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.	2.06	1	0
Acoustic Trauma Usually refer to hearing loss due to a single noise event such as an explosion or shotgun blast.	3.59	3	0
Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced Hearing loss due to exposure to explosive loud noise or chronic exposure to sound level greater than 85 dB. The hearing loss is often in the frequency range 4000-6000 hertz.	3.59	3	0
Capillary Leak Syndrome A condition characterized by recurring episodes of fluid leaking from capillaries into extra-vascular compartments causing hematocrit to rise precipitously. If not treated, generalized vascular leak can lead to generalized EDEMA; SHOCK; cardiovascular collapse; and MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE.	2.46	2	0
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available]	3.09	5	0
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	3.09	5	0
Aspergillus Infection [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Aspergillosis Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.	2.06	1	0
Cancer of Larynx [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.	2.06	1	0
Cerebral Cortical Dysplasia [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Anemia, Fanconi [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	4.22	18	0
Fanconi Anemia Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)	2.06	1	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	4.22	18	0
Infections, Staphylococcal Skin [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Staphylococcal Skin Infections Infections to the skin caused by bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	2.06	1	0
Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available]	4.59	10	0
Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)	8.37	2	0
Retrolental Fibroplasia [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Neovascularization, Optic Disc [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Retinopathy of Prematurity A bilateral retinopathy occurring in premature infants treated with excessively high concentrations of oxygen, characterized by vascular dilatation, proliferation, and tortuosity, edema, and retinal detachment, with ultimate conversion of the retina into a fibrous mass that can be seen as a dense retrolental membrane. Usually growth of the eye is arrested and may result in microophthalmia, and blindness may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)	7.45	2	0
Retinal Neovascularization Formation of new blood vessels originating from the retinal veins and extending along the inner (vitreal) surface of the retina.	2.45	2	0
Diffuse Myofascial Pain Syndrome [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Fibromyalgia A common nonarticular rheumatic syndrome characterized by myalgia and multiple points of focal muscle tenderness to palpation (trigger points). Muscle pain is typically aggravated by inactivity or exposure to cold. This condition is often associated with general symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, stiffness, HEADACHES, and occasionally DEPRESSION. There is significant overlap between fibromyalgia and the chronic fatigue syndrome (FATIGUE SYNDROME, CHRONIC). Fibromyalgia may arise as a primary or secondary disease process. It is most frequent in females aged 20 to 50 years. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1494-95)	7.06	1	0
Amyloidosis A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.	2.75	3	0
Primate Diseases Diseases of animals within the order PRIMATES. This term includes diseases of Haplorhini and Strepsirhini.	2.98	1	0
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	3.82	4	0
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	3.82	4	0
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	2.07	1	0
Deficiency, Protein [description not available]	6.34	15	0
Deaf Mutism [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Deafness A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.	2.07	1	0
Anankastic Personality [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension.	7.07	1	0
Biliary or Urinary Stones [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Chronic Liver Failure [description not available]	2.07	1	0
End Stage Liver Disease Final stage of a liver disease when the liver failure is irreversible and LIVER TRANSPLANTATION is needed.	2.07	1	0
Ovine Diseases [description not available]	5.98	15	0
Monieziasis Infection of ruminants with tapeworms of the genus Moniezia.	2.38	2	0
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.	2.44	2	0
Infant, Newborn, Diseases Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.	3.3	2	0
Menopause The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.	7.66	3	0
Gastritis Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.	2.73	3	0
Electric Injuries Injuries caused by electric currents. The concept excludes electric burns (BURNS, ELECTRIC), but includes accidental electrocution and electric shock.	2.07	1	0
Clonorchiasis Infection of the biliary passages with CLONORCHIS SINENSIS, also called Opisthorchis sinensis. It may lead to inflammation of the biliary tract, proliferation of biliary epithelium, progressive portal fibrosis, and sometimes bile duct carcinoma. Extension to the liver may lead to fatty changes and cirrhosis. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2.07	1	0
Blunt Injuries [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Lipidoses Conditions characterized by abnormal lipid deposition due to disturbance in lipid metabolism, such as hereditary diseases involving lysosomal enzymes required for lipid breakdown. They are classified either by the enzyme defect or by the type of lipid involved.	3.97	5	0
Allergy, Food [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Food Hypersensitivity Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.	2.07	1	0
Dysphagia [description not available]	3.46	1	1
Deglutition Disorders Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.	3.46	1	1
Hypercoagulability [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Hyperhomocysteinemia Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated (	2.07	1	0
Thrombophilia A disorder of HEMOSTASIS in which there is a tendency for the occurrence of THROMBOSIS.	2.07	1	0
Bacterial Pneumonia [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Pneumonia, Bacterial Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.	2.07	1	0
Schistosoma japonicum Infection [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Liver Diseases, Parasitic Liver diseases caused by infections with PARASITES, such as tapeworms (CESTODA) and flukes (TREMATODA).	2.08	1	0
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	6.63	14	0
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	6.63	14	0
Muscular Dystrophy, Animal MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY that occurs in VERTEBRATE animals.	3.58	9	0
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	2.01	1	0
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	2.01	1	0
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.	2.69	3	0
Femoral Fractures Fractures of the femur.	3.06	5	0
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal [description not available]	4.5	9	0
Pheochromocytoma A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)	9.5	9	0
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).	2.41	2	0
Leukoma [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Corneal Opacity Disorder occurring in the central or peripheral area of the cornea. The usual degree of transparency becomes relatively opaque.	2.01	1	0
T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	2.9	4	0
Lymphoma, T-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.	2.9	4	0
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	6.22	25	0
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Leukemia, Acute Monocytic [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	3.47	8	0
Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which 80% or more of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage including monoblasts, promonocytes, and MONOCYTES.	2.01	1	0
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	3.47	8	0
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.	2.68	3	0
Autosomal Recessive Chronic Granulomatous Disease [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Granulomatous Disease, Chronic A defect of leukocyte function in which phagocytic cells ingest but fail to digest bacteria, resulting in recurring bacterial infections with granuloma formation. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene, the condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, or NCF4 gene mutations, the condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.	2.67	3	0
Great Pox [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Syphilis A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete TREPONEMA PALLIDUM.	2.37	2	0
Granulomas [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.	2.39	2	0
Bacterial Skin Diseases [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Skin Diseases, Bacterial Skin diseases caused by bacteria.	2.01	1	0
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.	2.41	2	0
Myelopathy [description not available]	3.58	3	0
Spinal Cord Diseases Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.	3.58	3	0
Abscess, Hepatic [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Liver Abscess Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the liver as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.	2.7	3	0
Cancer of Gallbladder [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Gallbladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.	2.01	1	0
Encephalitis, Polio [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Poliomyelitis An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)	1.93	1	0
Endemic Goiter [description not available]	7.63	3	0
Choline Deficiency A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)	3.19	6	0
Injuries, Eye [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Eye Injuries Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries.	7.63	3	0
Orthopedic Disorders [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Dermatitis Seborrheica [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Musculoskeletal Diseases Diseases of the muscles and their associated ligaments and other connective tissue and of the bones and cartilage viewed collectively.	1.93	1	0
Dermatitis, Seborrheic A chronic inflammatory disease of the skin with unknown etiology. It is characterized by moderate ERYTHEMA, dry, moist, or greasy (SEBACEOUS GLAND) scaling and yellow crusted patches on various areas, especially the scalp, that exfoliate as dandruff. Seborrheic dermatitis is common in children and adolescents with HIV INFECTIONS.	2.34	2	0
Eunuchism The state of being a eunuch, a male without TESTES or whose testes failed to develop. It is characterized by the lack of mature male GERM CELLS and TESTICULAR HORMONES.	1.93	1	0
Ulcer A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.	2.33	2	0
Vulvovaginitis Inflammation of the VULVA and the VAGINA, characterized by discharge, burning, and PRURITUS.	1.93	1	0
Deficiency, Vitamin E [description not available]	5.35	10	0
Blood Diseases [description not available]	10.15	6	0
Hematologic Diseases Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.	5.15	6	0
Pachymeningitis [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Meningitis Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)	1.93	1	0
Bertielliasis [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Diseases of Immune System [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Immune System Diseases Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.	1.93	1	0
Abnormalities, Musculoskeletal [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Bone Diseases Diseases of BONES.	5.44	11	0
Focal Neurologic Deficits [description not available]	4.93	9	1
Muscle Disorders [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Palsy [description not available]	3.33	7	0
Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.	2.87	4	0
Paralysis A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)	8.33	7	0
Deficiency, Pyridoxine [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Bone Diseases, Developmental Diseases resulting in abnormal GROWTH or abnormal MORPHOGENESIS of BONES.	5.04	10	0
Embryopathies [description not available]	4.25	7	0
Chondrodysplasia with Hemangioma [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.	4.24	7	0
Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.	4.24	7	0
Infectious Diseases [description not available]	10.63	7	1
Hepatitis, Infectious [description not available]	3.73	11	0
Communicable Diseases An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.	5.63	7	1
Hepatitis INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.	8.33	7	0
Hepatitis A INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.	3.73	11	0
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Toxic asphyxiation due to the displacement of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin by carbon monoxide.	2.63	3	0
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	6.43	6	1
Dysentery Acute inflammation of the intestine associated with infectious DIARRHEA of various etiologies, generally acquired by eating contaminated food containing TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL derived from BACTERIA or other microorganisms. Dysentery is characterized initially by watery FECES then by bloody mucoid stools. It is often associated with ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and DEHYDRATION.	1.93	1	0
Erysipelas An acute infection of the skin caused by species of STREPTOCOCCUS. This disease most frequently affects infants, young children, and the elderly. Characteristics include pink-to-red lesions that spread rapidly and are warm to the touch. The commonest site of involvement is the face.	1.93	1	0
Enteric Fever [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Typhoid Fever An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.	2.34	2	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic [description not available]	3.56	9	0
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available]	3.46	8	0
Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.	3.56	9	0
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.	3.46	8	0
Craniocerebral Injuries [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Cerebral Arteriosclerosis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Intracranial Arteriosclerosis Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKULL. There are three subtypes: (1) atherosclerosis with fatty deposits in the ARTERIAL INTIMA; (2) Monckeberg's sclerosis with calcium deposits in the media and (3) arteriolosclerosis involving the small caliber arteries. Clinical signs include HEADACHE; CONFUSION; transient blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX); speech impairment; and HEMIPARESIS.	1.94	1	0
Craniocerebral Trauma Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage.	1.94	1	0
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	3.05	5	0
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	3.05	5	0
Avitaminosis A condition due to a deficiency of one or more essential vitamins. (Dorland, 27th ed)	3.73	2	0
Jaundice, Cholestatic [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Icterus [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Jaundice A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.	2.63	3	0
Jaundice, Obstructive Jaundice, the condition with yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes, that is due to impaired BILE flow in the BILIARY TRACT, such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS, or EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS.	2.65	3	0
Gallstone Disease [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Cholecystolithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the GALLBLADDER.	1.94	1	0
Cholelithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).	2.87	4	0
Emesis [description not available]	3.73	2	1
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	3.73	2	1
Hemiplegia, Crossed [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Hemiplegia Severe or complete loss of motor function on one side of the body. This condition is usually caused by BRAIN DISEASES that are localized to the cerebral hemisphere opposite to the side of weakness. Less frequently, BRAIN STEM lesions; cervical SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and other conditions may manifest as hemiplegia. The term hemiparesis (see PARESIS) refers to mild to moderate weakness involving one side of the body.	1.94	1	0
Carcinoma 256, Walker A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)	3.74	11	0
Adrenocortical Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm of the ADRENAL CORTEX. Adrenocortical carcinomas are unencapsulated anaplastic (ANAPLASIA) masses sometimes exceeding 20 cm or 200 g. They are more likely to be functional than nonfunctional, and produce ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES that may result in hypercortisolism (CUSHING SYNDROME); HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and/or VIRILISM.	1.94	1	0
Adrenal Cancer [description not available]	3.58	9	0
Cushing's Syndrome [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Cushing Syndrome A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent.	1.94	1	0
Food Poisoning, Salmonella [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Salmonella Food Poisoning Poisoning caused by ingestion of food harboring species of SALMONELLA. Conditions of raising, shipping, slaughtering, and marketing of domestic animals contribute to the spread of this bacterium in the food supply.	1.94	1	0
Anemia, Hypoplastic [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Anemia, Aplastic A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.	1.94	1	0
Deficiency, Vitamin B [description not available]	4.43	5	0
Vitamin B Deficiency A condition due to deficiency in any member of the VITAMIN B COMPLEX. These B vitamins are water-soluble and must be obtained from the diet because they are easily lost in the urine. Unlike the lipid-soluble vitamins, they cannot be stored in the body fat.	4.43	5	0
ARC [description not available]	6.94	1	0
AIDS-Related Complex A prodromal phase of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Laboratory criteria separating AIDS-related complex (ARC) from AIDS include elevated or hyperactive B-cell humoral immune responses, compared to depressed or normal antibody reactivity in AIDS; follicular or mixed hyperplasia in ARC lymph nodes, leading to lymphocyte degeneration and depletion more typical of AIDS; evolving succession of histopathological lesions such as localization of Kaposi's sarcoma, signaling the transition to the full-blown AIDS.	1.94	1	0
Ankylosis Fixation and immobility of a joint.	1.94	1	0
Pellagra A disease due to deficiency of NIACIN, a B-complex vitamin, or its precursor TRYPTOPHAN. It is characterized by scaly DERMATITIS which is often associated with DIARRHEA and DEMENTIA (the three D's).	1.94	1	0
EHS Tumor [description not available]	4.09	16	0
Actinic Keratosis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Keratoderma Blennorrhagicum [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Keratosis Any horny growth such as a wart or callus.	1.94	1	0
Keratosis, Actinic White or pink lesions on the arms, hands, face, or scalp that arise from sun-induced DNA DAMAGE to KERATINOCYTES in exposed areas. They are considered precursor lesions to superficial SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA.	1.94	1	0
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available]	3.9	13	0
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.	3.9	13	0
Dental Focal Infection [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Focal Infection An infection at a specific location that may spread to another region of the body.	1.93	1	0
Empyema, Gall Bladder [description not available]	3.06	5	0
Cholecystitis Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.	3.06	5	0
Pancreatic Fistula Abnormal passage communicating with the PANCREAS.	6.93	1	0
Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)	8.46	8	0
Ascaridiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus ASCARIDIA. This condition usually occurs in fowl, often manifesting diarrhea.	2.71	3	0
Hypocalcemia Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.67	3	0
Fasciolopsiasis [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.	2.02	1	0
Bed Sores [description not available]	4.72	2	1
Leg Ulcer Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes.	3.3	2	0
Foot Ulcer Lesion on the surface of the skin of the foot, usually accompanied by inflammation. The lesion may become infected or necrotic and is frequently associated with diabetes or leprosy.	2.93	1	0
Pressure Ulcer An ulceration caused by prolonged pressure on the SKIN and TISSUES when one stays in one position for a long period of time, such as lying in bed. The bony areas of the body are the most frequently affected sites which become ischemic (ISCHEMIA) under sustained and constant pressure.	4.72	2	1
Diabetic Feet [description not available]	3.4	1	1
Stasis Ulcer [description not available]	3.4	1	1
Infection, Wound [description not available]	3.8	2	1
Varicose Ulcer Skin breakdown or ulceration in the drainage area of a VARICOSE VEIN, usually in the leg.	3.4	1	1
Diabetic Foot Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION.	3.4	1	1
Cystic Echinococcosis [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Duodenal Reflux [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Lead Induced Nervous System Diseases, Adult [description not available]	2.93	1	0
Deficiency of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency A disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE activity in erythrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia.	2.38	2	0
Pleurisy INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.	2.42	2	0
Alcoholic Liver Diseases [description not available]	3.82	4	0
Liver Diseases, Alcoholic Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.	3.82	4	0
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	4.12	6	0
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	4.12	6	0
Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.	5.77	8	1
Cardiac Arrest, Sudden [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Death, Sudden, Cardiac Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005)	2.41	2	0
Benign Chronic Pemphigus [description not available]	4.64	4	0
Constriction, Pathological [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.	1.92	1	0
Di Guglielmo Disease [description not available]	3.09	5	0
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.	3.09	5	0
Neuromuscular Blockade The intentional interruption of transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION by external agents, usually neuromuscular blocking agents. It is distinguished from NERVE BLOCK in which nerve conduction (NEURAL CONDUCTION) is interrupted rather than neuromuscular transmission. Neuromuscular blockade is commonly used to produce MUSCLE RELAXATION as an adjunct to anesthesia during surgery and other medical procedures. It is also often used as an experimental manipulation in basic research. It is not strictly speaking anesthesia but is grouped here with anesthetic techniques. The failure of neuromuscular transmission as a result of pathological processes is not included here.	2.42	2	0
Acid-Base Imbalance Disturbances in the ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM of the body.	2.93	1	0
Benign Essential Tremor [description not available]	2.93	1	0
Essential Tremor A relatively common disorder characterized by a fairly specific pattern of tremors which are most prominent in the upper extremities and neck, inducing titubations of the head. The tremor is usually mild, but when severe may be disabling. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance may occur in some families (i.e., familial tremor). (Mov Disord 1988;13(1):5-10)	7.93	1	0
Autosomal Dominant Striatonigral Degeneration [description not available]	3.32	2	0
Machado-Joseph Disease A dominantly-inherited ATAXIA first described in people of Azorean and Portuguese descent, and subsequently identified in Brazil, Japan, China, and Australia. This disorder is classified as one of the SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIAS (Type 3) and has been associated with a mutation of the MJD1 gene on chromosome 14. Clinical features include progressive ataxia, DYSARTHRIA, postural instability, nystagmus, eyelid retraction, and facial FASCICULATIONS. DYSTONIA is prominent in younger patients (referred to as Type I Machado-Joseph Disease). Type II features ataxia and ocular signs; Type III features MUSCULAR ATROPHY and a sensorimotor neuropathy; and Type IV features extrapyramidal signs combined with a sensorimotor neuropathy. (From Clin Neurosci 1995;3(1):17-22; Ann Neurol 1998 Mar;43(3):288-96)	3.32	2	0
Left Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available]	3.34	2	0
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.	3.34	2	0
Alopecia Cicatrisata [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Alopecia Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.	1.99	1	0
Myoclonic Jerk [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Vestibular Diseases Pathological processes of the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH which contains part of the balancing apparatus. Patients with vestibular diseases show instability and are at risk of frequent falls.	2.02	1	0
Alveolar Bone Atrophy [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	8.09	5	0
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available]	4.74	2	1
Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.	4.74	2	1
Breathlessness [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Bronchitis Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.	8.36	7	0
Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing.	2.02	1	0
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Dysarthosis [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	2.41	2	0
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda An autosomal dominant or acquired porphyria due to a deficiency of UROPORPHYRINOGEN DECARBOXYLASE in the LIVER. It is characterized by photosensitivity and cutaneous lesions with little or no neurologic symptoms. Type I is the acquired form and is strongly associated with liver diseases and hepatic toxicities caused by alcohol or estrogenic steroids. Type II is the familial form.	2.02	1	0
ADPKD [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant Kidney disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance and characterized by multiple CYSTS in both KIDNEYS with progressive deterioration of renal function.	2.03	1	0
Bile Duct Diseases Diseases in any part of the ductal system of the BILIARY TRACT from the smallest BILE CANALICULI to the largest COMMON BILE DUCT.	2.44	2	0
Abdominal Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving organs in the abdominal cavity.	2.03	1	0
Biliary Fistula Abnormal passage in any organ of the biliary tract or between biliary organs and other organs.	2.37	2	0
Extravasation of Contrast Media [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Dermatitis, Occupational A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place.	3.06	5	0
Hand Dermatosis [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Hand Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the HANDS.	2.38	2	0
Closed Head Injuries [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.	2.42	2	0
Adenoma, beta-Cell [description not available]	3.08	5	0
Insulinoma A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.	3.08	5	0
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Peripheral Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.	2.02	1	0
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available]	3.6	3	0
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.	3.6	3	0
Respiratory Syndrome, Acute, Severe [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome A viral disorder characterized by high FEVER, dry COUGH, shortness of breath (DYSPNEA) or breathing difficulties, and atypical PNEUMONIA. A virus in the genus CORONAVIRUS is the suspected agent.	2.03	1	0
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.	3.38	7	0
Pelvic Pain Pain in the pelvic region of genital and non-genital origin.	7.03	1	0
Sensation Disorders Disorders of the special senses (i.e., VISION; HEARING; TASTE; and SMELL) or somatosensory system (i.e., afferent components of the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM).	2.41	2	0
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.	2.66	3	0
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack [description not available]	3.1	5	0
Ischemic Attack, Transient Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)	3.1	5	0
Hypospermatogenesis [description not available]	3.07	5	0
Infection [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	2.03	1	0
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy [description not available]	7.71	3	0
Environmental Hypersensitivities [description not available]	2.95	1	0
Agitation, Psychomotor [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Psychomotor Agitation A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions.	2.03	1	0
Cafe-au-Lait Spots with Pulmonic Stenosis [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Benign Optic Nerve Neoplasm [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Adult Optic Nerve Glioma [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Neurofibromatosis 1 An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic NEURAL CREST. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) There is overlap of clinical features with NOONAN SYNDROME in a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS).	2.42	2	0
Optic Nerve Glioma Glial cell derived tumors arising from the optic nerve, usually presenting in childhood.	2.03	1	0
Anterior Horn Cell Disease [description not available]	3.61	3	0
Motor Neuron Disease Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)	8.61	3	0
Tooth Discoloration Any change in the hue, color, or translucency of a tooth due to any cause. Restorative filling materials, drugs (both topical and systemic), pulpal necrosis, or hemorrhage may be responsible. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p253)	2.41	2	0
Gall Bladder Diseases [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Bile Duct Cysts [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	3.57	3	0
Chondromalacia Softening and degeneration of the CARTILAGE.	2.66	3	0
Cartilage Diseases Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (CARTILAGE).	2.66	3	0
Cancer of Digestive System [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Digestive System Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.	2.03	1	0
Cranial Nerve Injuries Dysfunction of one or more cranial nerves causally related to a traumatic injury. Penetrating and nonpenetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; NECK INJURIES; and trauma to the facial region are conditions associated with cranial nerve injuries.	2.04	1	0
Cranial Nerve I Injury [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Dental Plaque A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.	2.87	4	0
Hemorrhage, Uterine [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Uterine Hemorrhage Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding.	1.92	1	0
Cyst [description not available]	7.41	2	0
Urinary Calculi Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID.	2.88	4	0
Papilloma, Squamous Cell [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Keratoacanthoma A benign, non-neoplastic, usually self-limiting epithelial lesion closely resembling squamous cell carcinoma clinically and histopathologically. It occurs in solitary, multiple, and eruptive forms. The solitary and multiple forms occur on sunlight exposed areas and are identical histologically; they affect primarily white males. The eruptive form usually involves both sexes and appears as a generalized papular eruption.	2.04	1	0
Papilloma A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.38	2	0
Fetal Growth Restriction [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Fetal Growth Retardation Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.	2.39	2	0
Atresia, Biliary [description not available]	3.1	5	0
Biliary Atresia Progressive destruction or the absence of all or part of the extrahepatic BILE DUCTS, resulting in the complete obstruction of BILE flow. Usually, biliary atresia is found in infants and accounts for one third of the neonatal cholestatic JAUNDICE.	3.1	5	0
Retinal Diseases Diseases involving the RETINA.	2.41	2	0
AIDS Seroconversion [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	2.68	3	0
Meniscitis [description not available]	3.43	1	1
Circulatory Collapse [description not available]	3.31	2	0
Shock A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.	3.31	2	0
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available]	3.55	9	0
Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.	3.55	9	0
Hemosiderosis Conditions in which there is a generalized increase in the iron stores of body tissues, particularly of liver and the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM, without demonstrable tissue damage. The name refers to the presence of stainable iron in the tissue in the form of hemosiderin.	1.94	1	0
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	3.05	5	0
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.	3.05	5	0
Cell Transformation, Viral An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.	3.98	14	0
Cancer of Nasopharynx [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.	2.67	3	0
Infections, Respirovirus [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Plasma Cell Tumor [description not available]	4.12	6	0
Plasmacytoma Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.	4.12	6	0
ARSA Deficiency [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic An autosomal recessive metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of CEREBROSIDE-SULFATASE leading to intralysosomal accumulation of cerebroside sulfate (SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS) in the nervous system and other organs. Pathological features include diffuse demyelination, and metachromatically-staining granules in many cell types such as the GLIAL CELLS. There are several allelic and nonallelic forms with a variety of neurological symptoms.	2.64	3	0
47,XX,+21 [description not available]	3.06	5	0
Hip Dislocation Displacement of the femur bone from its normal position at the HIP JOINT.	6.96	1	0
Down Syndrome A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)	3.06	5	0
Mast-Cell Sarcoma A unifocal malignant tumor that consists of atypical pathological MAST CELLS without systemic involvement. It causes local destructive growth in organs other than in skin or bone marrow.	3.05	5	0
Pemphigus Foliaceus [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Pemphigus Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS.	2.64	3	0
Leukemia L 1210 [description not available]	3.45	8	0
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	5.13	18	0
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	5.13	18	0
Arrhythmia [description not available]	9.74	12	0
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	4.74	12	0
Ventricular Fibrillation A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.	1.96	1	0
Spasmophilia [description not available]	4.03	3	1
Anoxia, Brain [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Hyperparathyroidism A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES.	1.96	1	0
African Lymphoma [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Burkitt Lymphoma A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.	2.88	4	0
Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.	3.58	3	0
Gangrene Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply.	3.56	3	0
Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders, Inborn [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Cot Death [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Pregnancy, Prolonged A term used to describe pregnancies that exceed the upper limit of a normal gestational period. In humans, a prolonged pregnancy is defined as one that extends beyond 42 weeks (294 days) after the first day of the last menstrual period (MENSTRUATION), or birth with gestational age of 41 weeks or more.	7.65	3	0
Porphyria [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Porphyrias A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues.	2.35	2	0
Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy [description not available]	6.96	1	0
Renal Artery Stenosis [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Renal Artery Obstruction Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR).	1.96	1	0
Amyotonia Congenita [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Neuromuscular Diseases A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.	2.88	4	0
Kidney Stones [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Kidney Calculi Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.	2.65	3	0
Fasciola Infection [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Fascioliasis Liver disease caused by infections with parasitic flukes of the genus FASCIOLA, such as FASCIOLA HEPATICA.	1.96	1	0
Digestive System Disorders [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Digestive System Diseases Diseases in any part of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the accessory organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).	6.96	1	0
Burns, Chemical Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS.	1.96	1	0
Fetal Resorption The disintegration and assimilation of the dead FETUS in the UTERUS at any stage after the completion of organogenesis which, in humans, is after the 9th week of GESTATION. It does not include embryo resorption (see EMBRYO LOSS).	2.37	2	0
Alcohol Withdrawal Associated Autonomic Hyperactivity [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Alcoholic Intoxication An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.	2.36	2	0
Psychoses, Alcoholic A group of mental disorders associated with organic brain damage and caused by poisoning from alcohol.	1.96	1	0
Middle Ear Inflammation [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Middle Ear Effusion [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Otitis Media Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.	2.38	2	0
Otitis Media with Effusion Inflammation of the middle ear with a clear pale yellow-colored transudate.	1.96	1	0
Chromosome Deletion Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.	2.66	3	0
Acidosis, Diabetic [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Diabetic Ketoacidosis A life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS with severe INSULIN deficiency and extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA. It is characterized by KETOSIS; DEHYDRATION; and depressed consciousness leading to COMA.	1.95	1	0
Apolipoprotein B-100, Familial Defective [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins).	2.37	2	0
Congenital Dysplasia Of The Hip [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Rhabdomyosarcoma A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)	2.37	2	0
Cancer of Rectum [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.	2.38	2	0
Aqueductal Stenosis [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Acquired Meningomyelocele [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Icterus Gravis Neonatorum [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Jaundice, Neonatal Yellow discoloration of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA in the NEWBORN. It is a sign of NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Most cases are transient self-limiting (PHYSIOLOGICAL NEONATAL JAUNDICE) occurring in the first week of life, but some can be a sign of pathological disorders, particularly LIVER DISEASES.	1.96	1	0
Mycoplasma dispar Infection [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Acrodermatitis Inflammation involving the skin of the extremities, especially the hands and feet. Several forms are known, some idiopathic and some hereditary. The infantile form is called Gianotti-Crosti syndrome.	5.2	5	0
Plant Poisoning Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage.	2.87	1	0
Fetal Death Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.	3.79	4	0
Respiratory Tract Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.	1.96	1	0
Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.	4.05	15	0
Anemia, Macrocytic Anemia characterized by larger than normal erythrocytes, increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH).	2.65	3	0
Cyanosis A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule.	1.96	1	0
Scoliosis An appreciable lateral deviation in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.36	2	0
Leukocytosis A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.	1.96	1	0
Edema, Pulmonary [description not available]	3.05	5	0
Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.	3.05	5	0
Measles, German [description not available]	4.2	18	0
Adult Premature Aging Syndrome [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Arthropathies [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Joint Diseases Diseases involving the JOINTS.	2.36	2	0
Deficiency, Vitamin K [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Vitamin K Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN K in the diet, characterized by an increased tendency to hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGIC DISORDERS). Such bleeding episodes may be particularly severe in newborn infants. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1182)	2.37	2	0
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Benign Meningeal Neoplasms [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Angioblastic Meningioma [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Meningeal Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.	1.96	1	0
Meningioma A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)	2.36	2	0
Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.	1.95	1	0
Black Fever [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Leishmaniasis, Visceral A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.	1.98	1	0
B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Lymphoma, B-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.	2.38	2	0
Viremia The presence of viruses in the blood.	1.98	1	0
Infections, Hepadnaviridae [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Hepadnaviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the HEPADNAVIRIDAE.	1.98	1	0
Dysembryoma [description not available]	3.28	2	0
Teratoma A true neoplasm composed of a number of different types of tissue, none of which is native to the area in which it occurs. It is composed of tissues that are derived from three germinal layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. They are classified histologically as mature (benign) or immature (malignant). (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1642)	3.28	2	0
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	3.06	5	0
Neurilemoma [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Neurilemmoma A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5)	2.66	3	0
Epithelial Neoplasms [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis A herpesvirus infection of CATTLE characterized by INFLAMMATION and NECROSIS of the mucous membranes of the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.	8.37	1	1
Plica Syndrome [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Synovitis Inflammation of the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE.	1.98	1	0
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.	2.38	2	0
Neoplasms, Trophoblastic [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Decerebrate Posturing [description not available]	3.98	5	0
Premenstrual Tension A term used to describe the psychological aspects of PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME, such as the indescribable tension, depression, hostility, and increased seizure activity in women with seizure disorder.	3.37	1	1
Premenstrual Syndrome A combination of distressing physical, psychologic, or behavioral changes that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms of PMS are diverse (such as pain, water-retention, anxiety, cravings, and depression) and they diminish markedly 2 or 3 days after the initiation of menses.	3.37	1	1
Abdominal Cryptorchidism [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Nasal Catarrh [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Rhinitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES.	1.99	1	0
Pancreatic Diseases Pathological processes of the PANCREAS.	4.61	6	0
Adrenal Gland Diseases Pathological processes of the ADRENAL GLANDS.	2.9	1	0
Hypertriglyceridemia A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.	2.4	2	0
Infections, Respiratory Syncytial Virus [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Pneumovirus infections caused by the RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have been reported.	1.99	1	0
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia A chronic lung disease developed after OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY or mechanical ventilation (VENTILATION, MECHANICAL) usually occurring in certain premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE) or newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN). Histologically, it is characterized by the unusual abnormalities of the bronchioles, such as METAPLASIA, decrease in alveolar number, and formation of CYSTS.	2.38	2	0
Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	1.99	1	0
Heroin Abuse [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Heroin Dependence Strong dependence or addiction, both physiological and emotional, upon HEROIN.	2.4	2	0
Lactic Acidosis [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Acidosis, Lactic Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolized. It may occur spontaneously or in association with diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; LEUKEMIA; or LIVER FAILURE.	1.99	1	0
Congenital Hypocupremia [description not available]	4.36	3	0
Malabsorption Syndromes General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients.	3.57	3	0
Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome An inherited disorder of copper metabolism transmitted as an X-linked trait and characterized by the infantile onset of HYPOTHERMIA, feeding difficulties, hypotonia, SEIZURES, bony deformities, pili torti (twisted hair), and severely impaired intellectual development. Defective copper transport across plasma and endoplasmic reticulum membranes results in copper being unavailable for the synthesis of several copper containing enzymes, including PROTEIN-LYSINE 6-OXIDASE; CERULOPLASMIN; and SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE. Pathologic changes include defects in arterial elastin, neuronal loss, and gliosis. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p125)	4.36	3	0
Alcoholic Fatty Liver [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Angioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of blood or lymphatic vessels that forms a tumor-like mass. Vessels in the angioma may or may not be dilated.	2.68	3	0
Hemangioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of BLOOD VESSELS that forms a tumor-like mass. The common types involve CAPILLARIES and VEINS. It can occur anywhere in the body but is most frequently noticed in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. (from Stedman, 27th ed, 2000)	2.68	3	0
Acute Porphyria [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Porphyria, Acute Intermittent An autosomal dominant porphyria that is due to a deficiency of HYDROXYMETHYLBILANE SYNTHASE in the LIVER, the third enzyme in the 8-enzyme biosynthetic pathway of HEME. Clinical features are recurrent and life-threatening neurologic disturbances, ABDOMINAL PAIN, and elevated level of AMINOLEVULINIC ACID and PORPHOBILINOGEN in the urine.	2.4	2	0
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	1.99	1	0
Cryptosporidium Infection [description not available]	2.4	2	0
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.	1.99	1	0
Cryptosporidiosis Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.	2.4	2	0
Bile Duct Obstruction, Extrahepatic [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Silicosis A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing crystalline form of SILICON DIOXIDE, usually in the form of quartz. Amorphous silica is relatively nontoxic.	3.32	2	0
Adhesions, Tissue [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Peritoneal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM.	1.99	1	0
Argentaffinoma [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Island Cell Tumor [description not available]	3.32	2	0
Carcinoid Tumor A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface. The tumor can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites); approximately 90% arise in the appendix. It is now established that these tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derive from a primitive stem cell. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1182)	1.99	1	0
Adenoma, Islet Cell A benign tumor of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the INSULIN-producing PANCREATIC BETA CELLS, as in INSULINOMA, resulting in HYPERINSULINISM.	3.32	2	0
Foreign-Body Reaction Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies.	1.99	1	0
Deep Vein Thrombosis [description not available]	3.38	1	1
Venous Thrombosis The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.	3.38	1	1
Hepatoblastoma A malignant neoplasm occurring in young children, primarily in the liver, composed of tissue resembling embryonal or fetal hepatic epithelium, or mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.69	3	0
Arterial Obstructive Diseases [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Arterial Occlusive Diseases Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.	2.41	2	0
Deficiency Syndrome, Leukocyte-Adhesion [description not available]	2	1	0
Leukocyte-Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome Rare, autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of the beta 2 integrin receptors (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE-ADHESION) comprising the CD11/CD18 family of glycoproteins. The syndrome is characterized by abnormal adhesion-dependent functions, especially defective tissue emigration of neutrophils, leading to recurrent infection.	2	1	0
Infections, Microspora [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy [description not available]	2	1	0
Myotonic Dystrophy Neuromuscular disorder characterized by PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR ATROPHY; MYOTONIA, and various multisystem atrophies. Mild INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY may also occur. Abnormal TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT EXPANSION in the 3' UNTRANSLATED REGIONS of DMPK PROTEIN gene is associated with Myotonic Dystrophy 1. DNA REPEAT EXPANSION of zinc finger protein-9 gene intron is associated with Myotonic Dystrophy 2.	2	1	0
Adenoma, Hepatocellular [description not available]	3.38	1	1
Day Blindness [description not available]	2.91	1	0
Classic Galactosemia [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Galactosemias A group of inherited enzyme deficiencies which feature elevations of GALACTOSE in the blood. This condition may be associated with deficiencies of GALACTOKINASE; UDPGLUCOSE-HEXOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; or UDPGLUCOSE 4-EPIMERASE. The classic form is caused by UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase deficiency, and presents in infancy with FAILURE TO THRIVE; VOMITING; and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. Affected individuals also may develop MENTAL RETARDATION; JAUNDICE; hepatosplenomegaly; ovarian failure (PRIMARY OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY); and cataracts. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp61-3)	2.68	3	0
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease [description not available]	2	1	0
Lung Diseases, Interstitial A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.	2	1	0
Corneal Diseases Diseases of the cornea.	2	1	0
Bilirubinemia [description not available]	2	1	0
Habronemiasis [description not available]	2	1	0
Congenital Limb Deformities [description not available]	2	1	0
Nephritis Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.	2	1	0
Ataxia Telangiectasia Syndrome [description not available]	2	1	0
Ataxia Telangiectasia An autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by choreoathetosis beginning in childhood, progressive CEREBELLAR ATAXIA; TELANGIECTASIS of CONJUNCTIVA and SKIN; DYSARTHRIA; B- and T-cell immunodeficiency, and RADIOSENSITIVITY to IONIZING RADIATION. Affected individuals are prone to recurrent sinobronchopulmonary infections, lymphoreticular neoplasms, and other malignancies. Serum ALPHA-FETOPROTEINS are usually elevated. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p688) The gene for this disorder (ATM) encodes a cell cycle checkpoint protein kinase and has been mapped to chromosome 11 (11q22-q23).	2	1	0
Coxa Plana [description not available]	3.77	2	1
Abnormality, Torsion [description not available]	2	1	0
Hypermobility, Joint [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin.	2	1	0
Hyperinsulinism A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.	2	1	0
Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Medulloblastoma A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)	2.37	2	0
Lower Extremity Weakness, Spastic [description not available]	2	1	0
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia Solitary or multiple benign hepatic vascular tumors, usually occurring in women of 20-50 years of age. The nodule, poorly encapsulated, consists of a central stellate fibrous scar and normal liver elements such as HEPATOCYTES, small BILE DUCTS, and KUPFFER CELLS among the intervening fibrous septa. The pale colored central scar represents large blood vessels with hyperplastic fibromuscular layer and narrowing lumen.	2	1	0
Empyema, Thoracic [description not available]	2	1	0
Empyema, Pleural Suppurative inflammation of the pleural space.	2	1	0
Nephrotic Syndrome A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.	3.76	2	1
Viral Diseases [description not available]	3.29	2	0
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	3.29	2	0
Respiration Disorders Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.	2	1	0
Atrophy, Muscular, Peroneal [description not available]	2	1	0
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease A hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy transmitted most often as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by progressive distal wasting and loss of reflexes in the muscles of the legs (and occasionally involving the arms). Onset is usually in the second to fourth decade of life. This condition has been divided into two subtypes, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) types I and II. HMSN I is associated with abnormal nerve conduction velocities and nerve hypertrophy, features not seen in HMSN II. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1343)	2	1	0
Common Variable Hypogammaglobulinemia [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Common Variable Immunodeficiency Heterogeneous group of immunodeficiency syndromes characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia of most isotypes, variable B-cell defects, and the presence of recurrent bacterial infections.	7.01	1	0
Inflammatory Pseudotumor [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Granuloma, Plasma Cell A slow-growing benign pseudotumor in which plasma cells greatly outnumber the inflammatory cells.	2.01	1	0
Asbestosis A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers which elicit potent inflammatory responses in the parenchyma of the lung. The disease is characterized by interstitial fibrosis of the lung, varying from scattered sites to extensive scarring of the alveolar interstitium.	2.92	1	0
Dwarfism, Growth Hormone Deficiency [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Dwarfism, Pituitary A form of dwarfism caused by complete or partial GROWTH HORMONE deficiency, resulting from either the lack of GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING FACTOR from the HYPOTHALAMUS or from the mutations in the growth hormone gene (GH1) in the PITUITARY GLAND. It is also known as Type I pituitary dwarfism. Human hypophysial dwarf is caused by a deficiency of HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE during development.	2.01	1	0
Infections, Respiratory [description not available]	3.05	5	0
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.	3.05	5	0
Alcohol Problem [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Alcohol-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of alcohol.	2.01	1	0
Deficiency, Vitamin A [description not available]	5.47	7	0
Vitamin A Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179)	5.47	7	0
Cancer of Intestines [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Cancer, Radiation-Induced [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Intestinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.	1.95	1	0
Agnogenic Myeloid Metaplasia [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Primary Myelofibrosis A de novo myeloproliferation arising from an abnormal stem cell. It is characterized by the replacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue, a process that is mediated by CYTOKINES arising from the abnormal clone.	1.95	1	0
Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available]	3.56	3	0
Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.	3.56	3	0
Experimental Leukemia [description not available]	4.48	9	0
Preleukemia Conditions in which the abnormalities in the peripheral blood or bone marrow represent the early manifestations of acute leukemia, but in which the changes are not of sufficient magnitude or specificity to permit a diagnosis of acute leukemia by the usual clinical criteria.	1.95	1	0
Stunted Growth [description not available]	4.91	6	0
Growth Disorders Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.	4.91	6	0
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Hives [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Urticaria A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.	1.95	1	0
Hay Fever [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal Allergic rhinitis that occurs at the same time every year. It is characterized by acute CONJUNCTIVITIS with lacrimation and ITCHING, and regarded as an allergic condition triggered by specific ALLERGENS.	1.95	1	0
Childhood Torsion Disease [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Hallervorden-Spatz Disease [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration A rare autosomal recessive degenerative disorder which usually presents in late childhood or adolescence. Clinical manifestations include progressive MUSCLE SPASTICITY; hyperreflexia; MUSCLE RIGIDITY; DYSTONIA; DYSARTHRIA; and intellectual deterioration which progresses to severe dementia over several years. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p972; Davis & Robertson, Textbook of Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp972-929)	1.95	1	0
Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.	2.35	2	0
Reticulum Cell-Like Sarcoma, Yoshida [description not available]	3.33	7	0
Infections, Mycoplasmatales [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Choriocarcinoma A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).	1.95	1	0
Cytomegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.	1.95	1	0
Phagocyte Bactericidal Dysfunction Disorders in which phagocytic cells cannot kill ingested bacteria; characterized by frequent recurring infection with formulation of granulomas.	1.95	1	0
Bilateral Wilms Tumor [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Wilms Tumor A malignant kidney tumor, caused by the uncontrolled multiplication of renal stem (blastemal), stromal (STROMAL CELLS), and epithelial (EPITHELIAL CELLS) elements. However, not all three are present in every case. Several genes or chromosomal areas have been associated with Wilms tumor which is usually found in childhood as a firm lump in a child's side or ABDOMEN.	2.37	2	0
Disc, Herniated [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Intervertebral Disc Displacement An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the NUCLEUS PULPOSUS has protruded through surrounding ANNULUS FIBROSUS. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region.	1.95	1	0
Fungal Lung Diseases [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Farmer's Lung A form of alveolitis or pneumonitis due to an acquired hypersensitivity to inhaled antigens associated with farm environment. Antigens in the farm dust are commonly from bacteria actinomycetes (SACCHAROPOLYSPORA and THERMOACTINOMYCES), fungi, and animal proteins in the soil, straw, crops, pelts, serum, and excreta.	1.95	1	0
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	3.06	5	0
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	3.06	5	0
Pink Eye [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Conjunctivitis INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA.	1.95	1	0
Kaposi Disease [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Xeroderma Pigmentosum A rare, pigmentary, and atrophic autosomal recessive disease. It is manifested as an extreme photosensitivity to ULTRAVIOLET RAYS as the result of a deficiency in the enzyme that permits excisional repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA.	1.95	1	0
Hypercapnia A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.	1.95	1	0
Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.	1.95	1	0
Siderosis A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of iron in the mining dust or welding fumes.	2.36	2	0
Arterial Diseases, Cerebral [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Cerebral Arterial Diseases Pathological conditions of intracranial ARTERIES supplying the CEREBRUM. These diseases often are due to abnormalities or pathological processes in the ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; and POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY.	1.95	1	0
Corpus Luteum Cyst [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Ovarian Cysts General term for CYSTS and cystic diseases of the OVARY.	1.95	1	0
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	1.95	1	0
Chromosome Inversion An aberration in which a chromosomal segment is deleted and reinserted in the same place but turned 180 degrees from its original orientation, so that the gene sequence for the segment is reversed with respect to that of the rest of the chromosome.	1.95	1	0
Bone Inflammation [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Deficiency, Folic Acid [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Folic Acid Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)	2.36	2	0
Tuberculosis, Renal Infection of the KIDNEY with species of MYCOBACTERIUM.	1.95	1	0
Acatalasemia [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Blastocyst Disintegration [description not available]	2.87	1	0
Abnormalities, Skin [description not available]	3.27	2	0
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians [description not available]	3.27	2	0
Skin Abnormalities Congenital structural abnormalities of the skin.	3.27	2	0
Granuloma, Hodgkin [description not available]	3.28	2	0
Hodgkin Disease A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.	3.28	2	0
Deficiency, Factor 5 [description not available]	1.95	1	0
BH4 Deficiency [description not available]	3.06	5	0
Phenylketonurias A group of autosomal recessive disorders marked by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE or less frequently by reduced activity of DIHYDROPTERIDINE REDUCTASE (i.e., atypical phenylketonuria). Classical phenylketonuria is caused by a severe deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase and presents in infancy with developmental delay; SEIZURES; skin HYPOPIGMENTATION; ECZEMA; and demyelination in the central nervous system. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p952).	3.06	5	0
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	4.26	4	1
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	9.26	4	1
Acid beta-Glucosidase Deficiency [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Gaucher Disease An autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of acid beta-glucosidase (GLUCOSYLCERAMIDASE) leading to intralysosomal accumulation of glycosylceramide mainly in cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. The characteristic Gaucher cells, glycosphingolipid-filled HISTIOCYTES, displace normal cells in BONE MARROW and visceral organs causing skeletal deterioration, hepatosplenomegaly, and organ dysfunction. There are several subtypes based on the presence and severity of neurological involvement.	2.35	2	0
Remission, Spontaneous A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.	2.86	4	0
Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Error [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Deficiency, Riboflavin [description not available]	2.86	1	0
Deficiency, Vitamin D [description not available]	4.43	5	0
Vitamin D Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)	4.43	5	0
Contracture Prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the joint.	2.35	2	0
Infection, Postoperative Wound [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Gastric Fistula Abnormal passage communicating with the STOMACH.	1.95	1	0
Carcinoma, Bronchial [description not available]	2.86	4	0
Abscess, Pulmonary [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA.	2.86	4	0
Lung Abscess Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the lung parenchyma as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.	1.95	1	0
Urethritis Inflammation involving the URETHRA. Similar to CYSTITIS, clinical symptoms range from vague discomfort to painful urination (DYSURIA), urethral discharge, or both.	1.95	1	0
Paronychia An inflammatory reaction involving the folds of the skin surrounding the fingernail. It is characterized by acute or chronic purulent, tender, and painful swellings of the tissues around the nail, caused by an abscess of the nail fold. The pathogenic yeast causing paronychia is most frequently Candida albicans. Saprophytic fungi may also be involved. The causative bacteria are usually Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Streptococcus. (Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, 8th ed, p271)	1.95	1	0
Bouillaud Disease [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Rheumatic Heart Disease Cardiac manifestation of systemic rheumatological conditions, such as RHEUMATIC FEVER. Rheumatic heart disease can involve any part the heart, most often the HEART VALVES and the ENDOCARDIUM.	1.95	1	0
Active Hyperemia [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Hyperemia The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).	1.95	1	0
Infections, Retroviridae [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Retroviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the RETROVIRIDAE.	1.98	1	0
Kwashiorkor A syndrome produced by severe protein deficiency, characterized by retarded growth, changes in skin and hair pigment, edema, and pathologic changes in the liver, including fatty infiltration, necrosis, and fibrosis. The word is a local name in Gold Coast, Africa, meaning displaced child. Although first reported from Africa, kwashiorkor is now known throughout the world, but mainly in the tropics and subtropics. It is considered to be related to marasmus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	3.2	6	0
Aortic Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.	2.38	2	0
Cerebromalacia [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Soft Tissue Neoplasms Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.	1.98	1	0
Neoplasms, Nervous System [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Leukemia, T-Cell A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.	2.38	2	0
Sarcoma 180 An experimental sarcoma of mice.	2.65	3	0
Sicca Syndrome [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Sjogren's Syndrome Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.	1.97	1	0
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	1.97	1	0
Duncan Disease [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Lymphoproliferative Disorders Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified.	2.38	2	0
Dysesthesia [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Neuroses [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Neurotic Disorders Disorders in which the symptoms are distressing to the individual and recognized by him or her as being unacceptable. Social relationships may be greatly affected but usually remain within acceptable limits. The disturbance is relatively enduring or recurrent without treatment.	1.97	1	0
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)	1.97	1	0
Infant Malnutrition Malnutrition, occurring in infants ages 1 month to 24 months, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected.	2.36	2	0
Hyaline Membrane Disease A respiratory distress syndrome in newborn infants, usually premature infants with insufficient PULMONARY SURFACTANTS. The disease is characterized by the formation of a HYALINE-like membrane lining the terminal respiratory airspaces (PULMONARY ALVEOLI) and subsequent collapse of the lung (PULMONARY ATELECTASIS).	6.97	1	0
Bronchial Diseases Diseases involving the BRONCHI.	1.97	1	0
Spinal Stenosis Narrowing of the spinal canal.	1.97	1	0
Cardiac Complex, Premature [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Erythremia [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Polycythemia Vera A myeloproliferative disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by abnormal proliferation of all hematopoietic bone marrow elements and an absolute increase in red cell mass and total blood volume, associated frequently with splenomegaly, leukocytosis, and thrombocythemia. Hematopoiesis is also reactive in extramedullary sites (liver and spleen). In time myelofibrosis occurs.	1.97	1	0
Cancer of Pituitary [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.	2.66	3	0
Cocarcinogenesis The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.	1.97	1	0
Aseptic Necrosis of Femur Head [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism [description not available]	3.28	2	0
Hypogonadism Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism).	3.28	2	0
Broad Beta Disease [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type III An autosomal recessively inherited disorder characterized by the accumulation of intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL or broad-beta-lipoprotein). IDL has a CHOLESTEROL to TRIGLYCERIDES ratio greater than that of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. This disorder is due to mutation of APOLIPOPROTEINS E, a receptor-binding component of VLDL and CHYLOMICRONS, resulting in their reduced clearance and high plasma levels of both cholesterol and triglycerides.	1.97	1	0
Uterine Prolapse Downward displacement of the UTERUS. It is classified in various degrees: in the first degree the UTERINE CERVIX is within the vaginal orifice; in the second degree the cervix is outside the orifice; in the third degree the entire uterus is outside the orifice.	1.97	1	0
Adrenal Cortex Cancer [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the ADRENAL CORTEX.	1.97	1	0
Pyrexia [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	1.97	1	0
Thrombocytopathy [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Blood Platelet Disorders Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function.	1.96	1	0
Segond Fracture [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Tibial Fractures Fractures of the TIBIA.	1.96	1	0
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Pyelonephritis Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.	7.36	2	0
Adenoma, Prolactin-Secreting, Pituitary [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Leukemia P388 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.	1.96	1	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Chronic Cutaneous [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid A chronic form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, CUTANEOUS) in which the skin lesions mimic those of the systemic form but in which systemic signs are rare. It is characterized by the presence of discoid skin plaques showing varying degrees of edema, erythema, scaliness, follicular plugging, and skin atrophy. Lesions are surrounded by an elevated erythematous border. The condition typically involves the face and scalp, but widespread dissemination may occur.	1.97	1	0
Adrenal Gland Hyperfunction [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Adrenocortical Hyperfunction Excess production of ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES such as ALDOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and/or ANDROSTENEDIONE. Hyperadrenal syndromes include CUSHING SYNDROME; HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and VIRILISM.	1.97	1	0
Rachitis [description not available]	4.72	7	0
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Carboxylase Deficiency, Combined [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) and/or ALDOSTERONE leading to accumulation of precursors for ANDROGENS. Depending on the hormone imbalance, congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be classified as salt-wasting, hypertensive, virilizing, or feminizing. Defects in STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 11-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES); TESTOSTERONE 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE; or steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; among others, underlie these disorders.	1.96	1	0
Dysgammaglobulinemia An immunologic deficiency state characterized by selective deficiencies of one or more, but not all, classes of immunoglobulins.	1.96	1	0
Cutis Laxa A group of connective tissue diseases in which skin hangs in loose pendulous folds. It is believed to be associated with decreased elastic tissue formation as well as an abnormality in elastin formation. Cutis laxa is usually a genetic disease, but acquired cases have been reported. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2.88	1	0
Complications, Labor [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Hand Injuries General or unspecified injuries to the hand.	1.96	1	0
Finger Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving the fingers.	1.96	1	0
Beryllium Disease Disease resulting from exposure to beryllium. Entry into the body is not limited to the inhalation route.	2.36	2	0
Berylliosis A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhaled rare metal BERYLLIUM or its soluble salts which are used in a wide variety of industry including alloys, ceramics, radiographic equipment, and vacuum tubes. Berylliosis is characterized by an acute inflammatory reaction in the upper airway leading to BRONCHIOLITIS; PULMONARY EDEMA; and pneumonia.	2.36	2	0
Inappropriate GH Secretion Syndrome (Acromegaly) [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Acromegaly A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE in adults. It is characterized by bony enlargement of the FACE; lower jaw (PROGNATHISM); hands; FEET; HEAD; and THORAX. The most common etiology is a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp79-80)	6.96	1	0
Ankylosing Spondylarthritis [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Connective Tissue Diseases A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides.	6.96	1	0
Spondylitis, Ankylosing A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other intervertebral or costovertebral joints. It occurs predominantly in young males and is characterized by pain and stiffness of joints (ANKYLOSIS) with inflammation at tendon insertions.	1.96	1	0
Disgerminoma [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Cancer of Testis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Genito-urinary Cancer [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Dysgerminoma A malignant ovarian neoplasm, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. It is the counterpart of the classical seminoma of the testis, to which it is both grossly and histologically identical. Dysgerminomas comprise 16% of all germ cell tumors but are rare before the age of 10, although nearly 50% occur before the age of 20. They are generally considered of low-grade malignancy but may spread if the tumor extends through its capsule and involves lymph nodes or blood vessels. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1646)	1.94	1	0
Testicular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.	1.94	1	0
Urogenital Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UROGENITAL SYSTEM in either the male or the female.	1.94	1	0
Angiosarcoma [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Hemangiosarcoma A rare malignant neoplasm characterized by rapidly proliferating, extensively infiltrating, anaplastic cells derived from blood vessels and lining irregular blood-filled or lumpy spaces. (Stedman, 25th ed)	1.95	1	0
Oligodendroglioma A relatively slow-growing glioma that is derived from oligodendrocytes and tends to occur in the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, or lateral ventricle. They may present at any age, but are most frequent in the third to fifth decades, with an earlier incidence peak in the first decade. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, relatively avascular, and tend to form cysts and microcalcifications. Neoplastic cells tend to have small round nuclei surrounded by unstained nuclei. The tumors may vary from well-differentiated to highly anaplastic forms. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2052; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p655)	1.95	1	0
Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral A group of viral diseases of diverse etiology but having many similar clinical characteristics; increased capillary permeability, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia are common to all. Hemorrhagic fevers are characterized by sudden onset, fever, headache, generalized myalgia, backache, conjunctivitis, and severe prostration, followed by various hemorrhagic symptoms. Hemorrhagic fever with kidney involvement is HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME.	1.95	1	0
Agranulocytosis A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).	4.29	2	2
Appetite Disorders [description not available]	3.73	2	1
Feeding and Eating Disorders A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake.	3.73	2	1
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	3.33	1	1
Psychoses, Drug [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Long Sleeper Syndrome [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Aprosodia [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Sleep Wake Disorders Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.	1.95	1	0
Muscle Spasm [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Spasm An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE.	1.95	1	0
Pyoderma Any purulent skin disease (Dorland, 27th ed).	6.94	1	0
Anorexia Nervosa An eating disorder that is characterized by the lack or loss of APPETITE, known as ANOREXIA. Other features include excess fear of becoming OVERWEIGHT; BODY IMAGE disturbance; significant WEIGHT LOSS; refusal to maintain minimal normal weight; and AMENORRHEA. This disorder occurs most frequently in adolescent females. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)	1.94	1	0
Inner Ear Disease [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Labyrinth Diseases Pathological processes of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) which contains the essential apparatus of hearing (COCHLEA) and balance (SEMICIRCULAR CANALS).	1.94	1	0
Acne [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.	1.94	1	0
Vaginitis Inflammation of the vagina characterized by pain and a purulent discharge.	1.94	1	0
Dermatitis Exfoliativa [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Dermatosclerosis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Lupus Vulgaris A form of cutaneous tuberculosis. It is seen predominantly in women and typically involves the NASAL MUCOSA; BUCCAL MUCOSA; and conjunctival mucosa.	1.94	1	0
Dermatitis, Exfoliative The widespread involvement of the skin by a scaly, erythematous dermatitis occurring either as a secondary or reactive process to an underlying cutaneous disorder (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.), or as a primary or idiopathic disease. It is often associated with the loss of hair and nails, hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, and pruritus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	1.94	1	0
Scleroderma, Localized A term used to describe a variety of localized asymmetrical SKIN thickening that is similar to those of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA but without the disease features in the multiple internal organs and BLOOD VESSELS. Lesions may be characterized as patches or plaques (morphea), bands (linear), or nodules.	1.94	1	0
Verruca [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Warts Benign epidermal proliferations or tumors; some are viral in origin.	1.95	1	0
Asystole [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Heart Arrest Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.	2.35	2	0
Otospongiosis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Otosclerosis Formation of spongy bone in the labyrinth capsule which can progress toward the STAPES (stapedial fixation) or anteriorly toward the COCHLEA leading to conductive, sensorineural, or mixed HEARING LOSS. Several genes are associated with familial otosclerosis with varied clinical signs.	1.94	1	0
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Adenocarcinoma, Papillary An adenocarcinoma containing finger-like processes of vascular connective tissue covered by neoplastic epithelium, projecting into cysts or the cavity of glands or follicles. It occurs most frequently in the ovary and thyroid gland. (Stedman, 25th ed)	1.94	1	0
Cancer of Cecum [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma.	2.35	2	0
Bleb [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Dermatomycoses Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.	3.73	2	1
Infectious Skin Diseases [description not available]	3.33	1	1
Skin Diseases, Infectious Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses.	3.33	1	1
Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous An adenocarcinoma with a hard (Greek skirrhos, hard) structure owing to the formation of dense connective tissue in the stroma. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	1.94	1	0
Sarcoma 37 An experimental sarcoma of mice.	1.94	1	0
Fibroma, Shope [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Gastric Diseases [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Connective Tissue Neoplasms [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Convalescence The period of recovery following an illness.	1.94	1	0
Vibrio cholerae Infection [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Cholera An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated.	2.35	2	0
Blue Tongue [description not available]	1.94	1	0
African Swine Fever A sometimes fatal ASFIVIRUS infection of pigs, characterized by fever, cough, diarrhea, hemorrhagic lymph nodes, and edema of the gallbladder. It is transmitted between domestic swine by direct contact, ingestion of infected meat, or fomites, or mechanically by biting flies or soft ticks (genus Ornithodoros).	1.95	1	0
Infections, Paramyxoviridae [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Paramyxoviridae Infections Infections with viruses of the family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE. This includes MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTIONS; RESPIROVIRUS INFECTIONS; PNEUMOVIRUS INFECTIONS; HENIPAVIRUS INFECTIONS; AVULAVIRUS INFECTIONS; and RUBULAVIRUS INFECTIONS.	1.95	1	0
Ankle Injuries Harm or hurt to the ankle or ankle joint usually inflicted by an external source.	1.94	1	0
Foot Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving the foot.	1.94	1	0
Dermatomyositis, Adult Type [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Essential Polyarteritis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Hypoproteinemia A condition in which total serum protein level is below the normal range. Hypoproteinemia can be caused by protein malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract, EDEMA, or PROTEINURIA.	1.94	1	0
Collagen Diseases Historically, a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, etc. This classification was based on the notion that collagen was equivalent to connective tissue, but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen and the aggregates derived from them as distinct entities, the term collagen diseases now pertains exclusively to those inherited conditions in which the primary defect is at the gene level and affects collagen biosynthesis, post-translational modification, or extracellular processing directly. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1494)	3.26	2	0
Dermatomyositis A subacute or chronic inflammatory disease of muscle and skin, marked by proximal muscle weakness and a characteristic skin rash. The illness occurs with approximately equal frequency in children and adults. The skin lesions usually take the form of a purplish rash (or less often an exfoliative dermatitis) involving the nose, cheeks, forehead, upper trunk, and arms. The disease is associated with a complement mediated intramuscular microangiopathy, leading to loss of capillaries, muscle ischemia, muscle-fiber necrosis, and perifascicular atrophy. The childhood form of this disease tends to evolve into a systemic vasculitis. Dermatomyositis may occur in association with malignant neoplasms. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1405-6)	1.94	1	0
Injuries, Teeth [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Dental Enamel Hypoplasia An acquired or hereditary condition due to deficiency in the formation of tooth enamel (AMELOGENESIS). It is usually characterized by defective, thin, or malformed DENTAL ENAMEL. Risk factors for enamel hypoplasia include gene mutations, nutritional deficiencies, diseases, and environmental factors.	1.94	1	0
Dermatitis, Eczematous [description not available]	3.2	6	0
Eczema A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).	8.2	6	0
Cancer of Duodenum [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Miliaria A syndrome of cutaneous changes associated with sweat retention and extravasation of sweat at different levels in the skin. Miliaria rubra, or prickly heat, results from apocrine duct obstruction. The sweat then seeps into the epidermis, producing pruritic erythematous papulovesicles. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	1.95	1	0
Varices [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Varicose Veins Enlarged and tortuous VEINS.	1.95	1	0
Fowl Paralysis [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Complications, Infectious Pregnancy [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Autosomal Hemophilia A [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Angiohemophilia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Hemophilia A The classic hemophilia resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII. It is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage.	2.35	2	0
von Willebrand Diseases Group of hemorrhagic disorders in which the VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR is either quantitatively or qualitatively abnormal. They are usually inherited as an autosomal dominant trait though rare kindreds are autosomal recessive. Symptoms vary depending on severity and disease type but may include prolonged bleeding time, deficiency of factor VIII, and impaired platelet adhesion.	1.94	1	0
Carcinoma, Krebs 2 A transplantable neoplasm of mice.	2.35	2	0
Deficiency, Vitamin B 12 [description not available]	2.86	1	0
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. A wide variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities is also seen in vitamin B 12 deficiency and appears to be due to an undefined defect involving myelin synthesis. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p848)	2.86	1	0
Splenic Diseases Diseases involving the SPLEEN.	2.86	1	0
Angor Pectoris [description not available]	3.78	4	0
Angina Pectoris The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.	3.78	4	0
Heart Valve Diseases Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE).	1.94	1	0
Coma A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.	2.86	1	0
Diaper Rashes [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Diaper Rash A type of irritant dermatitis localized to the area in contact with a diaper and occurring most often as a reaction to prolonged contact with urine, feces, or retained soap or detergent.	1.94	1	0
Celiac Sprue [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Celiac Disease A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.	1.94	1	0
Human Trichinellosis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Trichinellosis An infection with TRICHINELLA. It is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat that is infected with larvae of nematode worms TRICHINELLA genus. All members of the TRICHINELLA genus can infect human in addition to TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS, the traditional etiological agent. It is distributed throughout much of the world and is re-emerging in some parts as a public health hazard and a food safety problem.	1.94	1	0
Bacteriuria The presence of bacteria in the urine which is normally bacteria-free. These bacteria are from the URINARY TRACT and are not contaminants of the surrounding tissues. Bacteriuria can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Significant bacteriuria is an indicator of urinary tract infection.	1.95	1	0
Angioneurotic Edema [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Angioedema Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx.	1.95	1	0
Cystinuria An inherited disorder due to defective reabsorption of CYSTINE and other BASIC AMINO ACIDS by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. This form of aminoaciduria is characterized by the abnormally high urinary levels of cystine; LYSINE; ARGININE; and ORNITHINE. Mutations involve the amino acid transport protein gene SLC3A1.	1.95	1	0
Ascariasis Infection by nematodes of the genus ASCARIS. Ingestion of infective eggs causes diarrhea and pneumonitis. Its distribution is more prevalent in areas of poor sanitation and where human feces are used for fertilizer.	2.35	2	0
Deficiency, Thiamine [description not available]	3.27	2	0
Thiamine Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of THIAMINE in the diet, characterized by anorexia, irritability, and weight loss. Later, patients experience weakness, peripheral neuropathy, headache, and tachycardia. In addition to being caused by a poor diet, thiamine deficiency in the United States most commonly occurs as a result of alcoholism, since ethanol interferes with thiamine absorption. In countries relying on polished rice as a dietary staple, BERIBERI prevalence is very high. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1171)	3.27	2	0
Parotid Duct Calculi [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Gastroduodenal Ulcer [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Peptic Ulcer Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	1.95	1	0
Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.	1.95	1	0
Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.	1.95	1	0
Deficiency, Ascorbic Acid [description not available]	3.27	2	0
Ascorbic Acid Deficiency A condition due to a dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), characterized by malaise, lethargy, and weakness. As the disease progresses, joints, muscles, and subcutaneous tissues may become the sites of hemorrhage. Ascorbic acid deficiency frequently develops into SCURVY in young children fed unsupplemented cow's milk exclusively during their first year. It develops also commonly in chronic alcoholism. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1177)	3.27	2	0
A-V Dissociation [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Tachyarrhythmia [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.	7.35	2	0
Placenta Diseases Pathological processes or abnormal functions of the PLACENTA.	2.35	2	0
Endomyocardial Fibrosis A condition characterized by the thickening of the ventricular ENDOCARDIUM and subendocardium (MYOCARDIUM), seen mostly in children and young adults in the TROPICAL CLIMATE. The fibrous tissue extends from the apex toward and often involves the HEART VALVES causing restrictive blood flow into the respective ventricles (CARDIOMYOPATHY, RESTRICTIVE).	1.95	1	0
BCKD Deficiency [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Maple Syrup Urine Disease An autosomal recessive inherited disorder with multiple forms of phenotypic expression, caused by a defect in the oxidative decarboxylation of branched-chain amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, BRANCHED-CHAIN). These metabolites accumulate in body fluids and render a maple syrup odor. The disease is divided into classic, intermediate, intermittent, and thiamine responsive subtypes. The classic form presents in the first week of life with ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, emesis, neonatal seizures, and hypertonia. The intermediate and intermittent forms present in childhood or later with acute episodes of ataxia and vomiting. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p936)	1.95	1	0
Lichen Simplex Chronicus [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Neurodermatitis An extremely variable eczematous skin disease that is presumed to be a response to prolonged vigorous scratching, rubbing, or pinching to relieve intense pruritus. It varies in intensity, severity, course, and morphologic expression in different individuals. Neurodermatitis is believed by some to be psychogenic. The circumscribed or localized form is often referred to as lichen simplex chronicus.	2.35	2	0
Hyperkyphosis [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Amyoplasia Congenita [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Nephrocalcinosis A condition characterized by calcification of the renal tissue itself. It is usually seen in distal RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS with calcium deposition in the DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULES and the surrounding interstitium. Nephrocalcinosis causes RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	1.94	1	0
Poisoning, Fluoride [description not available]	2.86	1	0
Fluoride Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of FLUORIDE compounds.	2.86	1	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Anemia, Hemolytic A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).	1.94	1	0
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Hip Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving the hip.	1.94	1	0
Myositis Ossificans A disease characterized by bony deposits or the ossification of muscle tissue.	6.94	1	0
Niemann-Pick Disease [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Niemann-Pick Diseases A group of autosomal recessive disorders in which harmful quantities of lipids accumulate in the viscera and the central nervous system. They can be caused by deficiencies of enzyme activities (SPHINGOMYELIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE) or defects in intracellular transport, resulting in the accumulation of SPHINGOMYELINS and CHOLESTEROL. There are various subtypes based on their clinical and genetic differences.	1.94	1	0
Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Choroid Neoplasms Tumors of the choroid; most common intraocular tumors are malignant melanomas of the choroid. These usually occur after puberty and increase in incidence with advancing age. Most malignant melanomas of the uveal tract develop from benign melanomas (nevi).	1.94	1	0
Retinoblastoma A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104)	1.94	1	0
Abdominal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the ABDOMEN.	1.94	1	0
Infections, Nematomorpha [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Infections, Taenia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Oesophagostomiasis Infection of the intestinal tract with worms of the genus OESOPHAGOSTOMUM. This condition occurs mainly in animals other than man.	1.94	1	0
Helminthiasis Infestation with parasitic worms of the helminth class.	1.94	1	0
Taeniasis Infection with tapeworms of the genus Taenia.	1.94	1	0
Enzootic Ataxia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Egyptian Ophthalmia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Blennorrhea, Inclusion [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Conjunctivitis, Inclusion An infection of the eyes characterized by the presence in conjunctival epithelial cells of inclusion bodies indistinguishable from those of trachoma. It is acquired by infants during birth and by adults from swimming pools. The etiological agent is CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS whose natural habitat appears to be the genito-urinary tract. Inclusion conjunctivitis is a less severe disease than trachoma and usually clears up spontaneously.	1.94	1	0
Neoplasms, Pleural [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Botulism, Infantile [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Botulism A disease caused by potent protein NEUROTOXINS produced by CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM which interfere with the presynaptic release of ACETYLCHOLINE at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. Clinical features include abdominal pain, vomiting, acute PARALYSIS (including respiratory paralysis), blurred vision, and DIPLOPIA. Botulism may be classified into several subtypes (e.g., food-borne, infant, wound, and others). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1208)	1.94	1	0
Hypogalactia A condition of less than normal MILK secretion.	1.94	1	0
Teeth, Impacted [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Jaw Diseases Diseases involving the JAW.	1.94	1	0
Abscess, Periapical [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Indigestion [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Dyspepsia Impaired digestion, especially after eating.	1.94	1	0
Acute Rheumatic Fever [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Rheumatism [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Rheumatic Diseases Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.	1.94	1	0
Diseases of Endocrine System [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Endocrine System Diseases Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.	1.94	1	0
Cholangitis Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.	1.94	1	0
Patency of the Ductus Arteriosus [description not available]	3.33	1	1
Atrial Septal Defect [description not available]	3.33	1	1
Fallot's Tetralogy [description not available]	3.33	1	1
Ductus Arteriosus, Patent A congenital heart defect characterized by the persistent opening of fetal DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS that connects the PULMONARY ARTERY to the descending aorta (AORTA, DESCENDING) allowing unoxygenated blood to bypass the lung and flow to the PLACENTA. Normally, the ductus is closed shortly after birth.	3.33	1	1
Tetralogy of Fallot A combination of congenital heart defects consisting of four key features including VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTS; PULMONARY STENOSIS; RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY; and a dextro-positioned AORTA. In this condition, blood from both ventricles (oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor) is pumped into the body often causing CYANOSIS.	3.33	1	1
Prurigo A name applied to several itchy skin eruptions of unknown cause. The characteristic course is the formation of a dome-shaped papule with a small transient vesicle on top, followed by crusting over or lichenification. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	1.94	1	0
Sunburn An injury to the skin causing erythema, tenderness, and sometimes blistering and resulting from excessive exposure to the sun. The reaction is produced by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.	1.94	1	0
Anaplasma Infection [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Erythroblastosis Fetalis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Alcaptonuria [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Alkaptonuria An inborn error of amino acid metabolism resulting from a defect in the enzyme HOMOGENTISATE 1,2-DIOXYGENASE, an enzyme involved in the breakdown of PHENYLALANINE and TYROSINE. It is characterized by accumulation of HOMOGENTISIC ACID in the urine, OCHRONOSIS in various tissues, and ARTHRITIS.	1.94	1	0
Allotriophagy An unusual desire or craving for abnormal foods.	1.94	1	0
Nephrosis Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA.	1.94	1	0
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	1.94	1	0
Arthritides, Bacterial [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.	1.94	1	0
Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	1.94	1	0
Anaplastic Ependymoma [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Ependymoma Glioma derived from EPENDYMOGLIAL CELLS that tend to present as malignant intracranial tumors in children and as benign intraspinal neoplasms in adults. It may arise from any level of the ventricular system or central canal of the spinal cord. Intracranial ependymomas most frequently originate in the FOURTH VENTRICLE and histologically are densely cellular tumors which may contain ependymal tubules and perivascular pseudorosettes. Spinal ependymomas are usually benign papillary or myxopapillary tumors. (From DeVita et al., Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2018; Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp28-9)	1.94	1	0
Dermoid [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Glycosuria The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA).	1.94	1	0
Coagulation Disorders, Blood [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Blood Coagulation Disorders Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.	1.94	1	0
Hypoascorbemia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Scurvy An acquired blood vessel disorder caused by severe deficiency of vitamin C (ASCORBIC ACID) in the diet leading to defective collagen formation in small blood vessels. Scurvy is characterized by bleeding in any tissue, weakness, ANEMIA, spongy gums, and a brawny induration of the muscles of the calves and legs.	1.94	1	0
Arboviral Encephalitis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Drowning Death that occurs as a result of anoxia or heart arrest, associated with immersion in liquid.	1.94	1	0

manganese

Description

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Synonyms (136)

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Occurs in Manufacturing (567 Product(s))

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Studies (25,015)

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Research Demand Index: 96.24

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Clinical Trials (20)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Determination of Recommended Phase II Dose of MnSOD/Plasmid DNA

Overall Survival (OS)

Radiation-induced Esophageal Toxicity

Time to Disease Progression

Overall (Objective) Response

COMPARISON OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION SIZE MEASUREMENTS USING INVESTIGATIONAL MANGANESE-ENHANCED MRI (MEMRI) OR DELAYED GADOLINIUM ENHANCED MRI (DEMRI)

Heart Rate: SAFETY AND TOLERABILITY OF MANGANESE CONTRAST REAGENT

SAFETY AND TOLERABILITY OF MANGANESE CONTRAST REAGENT

Significant Cardiovascular Event

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)

Corrected QT (QTc)

Creatinine

Diastolic Blood Pressure

Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)

Heart Rate

Infarct Size of MEMRI Versus DEMRI Scans

QT Interval

Systolic Blood Pressure

Total Bilirubin

CTCAE Grade 3 or 4 Gastro-intestinal (GI) Toxicities or Death Within 90 Days From the Start of Therapy

Radiographic Stable Disease (SD) or Better Based on RECIST Criteria

Cumulative Incidence of Severe Oral Mucositis

Number of Subjects With of Acute Radiation Esophagitis (Defined as Grade >/= 2; NCI CTCAE Version 5) Through 4 Weeks After Completion of Chemoradiotherapy

Number of Subjects With of Acute Radiation Esophagitis (Defined as Grade >/= 2; NCI CTCAE Version 5) Through the End of Chemoradiotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung (NSCLC) or Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) When Avasopasem Was Added.

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