Page last updated: 2024-08-05 15:29:54
biological pigment
An endogenous molecular entity that results in a colour of an organism as the consequence of the selective absorption of light.
ChEBI ID: 26130
Members (20)
| Member | Definition | Class |
|---|---|---|
| 3'-hydroxyechinenone | A member of the class of carotenone that is echinenone carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3'. Found in cyanobacteria. | 3'-hydroxyechinenone |
| amaranthin betacyanin | A disaccharide derivative that is betanidin in which a beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl moiety is attached at position 5. | amaranthin |
| antheraxanthin | An epoxycarotenol that is beta-carotene-3,3'-diol in which one of the one of the endocyclic double bonds has been oxidised to the corresponding epoxide. It is a neutral yellow plant pigment found in Euglenophyta. | antheraxanthin |
| atromentin | A member of the class of dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione which is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group at positions 3 and 6. It is a mushroom pigment isolated from several fungi species and acts as a smooth muscle stimulant, and exhibits anticoagulant, antibacterial and antineoplastic properties. | atromentin |
| bacterioruberin | A C50 carotenoid that is a red-coloured pigment found in several Halobacterium and Haloarcula species. | bacterioruberin |
| beta carotene | A cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid. | beta-carotene |
| brazilin | A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is a red pigment obtained from the wood of Caesalpinia echinata (Brazil-wood) or Caesalpinia sappan (sappan-wood). | brazilin |
| canthaxanthin | A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene bearing two oxo substituents at positions 4 and 4'. | canthaxanthin |
| chrysogine | chrysogine | |
| curcumin | A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa. | curcumin |
| delphinidin | An anthocyanidin cation consisting of benzopyrylium with hydroxy substituents at the 3-, 5- and 7-positions and a 3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl group at the 2-position. It is a plant pigment responsible for the colours of the plants of the genera Viola and Delphinium. | delphinidin |
| isoliquiritigenin | A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone hydroxylated at C-2', -4 and -4'. | isoliquiritigenin |
| malvidin | An anthocyanidin cation that is delphinidin carrying methyl substituents at positions 3' and 5'. | malvidin |
| monascorubrin | monascorubrin | |
| purpurin | A trihydroxyanthraquinone derived from anthracene by substitution with oxo groups at C-9 and C-10 and with hydroxy groups at C-1, C-2 and C-4. | purpurin |
| pyocyanine | An iminium betaine that is 5-methylphenazin-5-ium which is substituted at position 1 by an oxidanidyl group. An antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. | pyocyanine |
| rubrofusarin | A member of the class of benzochromenones that is benzo[g]chromen-4-one carrying two additional hydroxy substituents at positions 5 and 6 as well as methyl and methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 8 respectively. An orange polyketide pigment that is a common intermediate in many different fungal biosynthetic pathways. | rubrofusarin |
| scytonemin | A ring assembly obtained by 1,1'-coupling of two molecules of (3E)-3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]cyclopenta[b]indol-2(3H)-one. A UV-screening molecule produced by many strains of cyanobacteria. | scytonemin |
| staphyloxanthin | A xanthophyll that is beta-D-glucopyranose in which the hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 6 have been acylated by an all-trans-2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,22-decaenoyl group and a 12-methyltetradecanoyl group, respectively. Staphyloxanthin is responsible for the characteristic yellow-golden colour which gives the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus its name. | staphyloxanthin |
| undecylprodigiosin | A member of the class of tripyrroles that is 1H-pyrrole substituted by (4'-methoxy-1H,5'H-[2,2'-bipyrrol]-5'-ylidene)methyl and undecyl groups at positions 2 and 5, respectively. It is a pigment produced by Stveptomyces coelicolor. | undecylprodigiosin |
Research
Studies (25,949)
| Timeframe | Studies, Drugs with This Role(%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 815 (3.14) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 2,478 (9.55) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 5,189 (20.00) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 11,790 (45.44) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 5,677 (21.88) | 2.80 |
Study Types
| Publication Type | Studies, Drugs with this Role (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 1,495 (5.52%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 2,529 (9.33%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 161 (0.59%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 15 (0.06%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 22,900 (84.50%) | 84.16% |
Protein Targets (304)
Potency Measurements
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 27.0845 | 1 | 5 |
| 15-lipoxygenase, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 14.2765 | 1 | 5 |
| 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase | Leishmania major strain Friedlin | Potency | 37.9330 | 1 | 1 |
| 67.9K protein | Vaccinia virus | Potency | 14.5358 | 2 | 6 |
| acetylcholinesterase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 63.6740 | 3 | 4 |
| activating transcription factor 6 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.6534 | 2 | 2 |
| aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 20.9552 | 1 | 5 |
| Alpha-synuclein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 23.4503 | 1 | 3 |
| Amyloid-beta precursor protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 16.3601 | 1 | 1 |
| apical membrane antigen 1, AMA1 | Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 | Potency | 7.0795 | 1 | 1 |
| AR protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 27.6561 | 10 | 24 |
| aryl hydrocarbon receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.9639 | 3 | 8 |
| ATAD5 protein, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 14.6062 | 4 | 5 |
| Ataxin-2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 37.8086 | 2 | 3 |
| ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase | Trypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927 | Potency | 6.0120 | 1 | 1 |
| ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 48.3696 | 2 | 4 |
| atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 30.1313 | 1 | 1 |
| atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 26.1216 | 1 | 1 |
| Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 50.1187 | 2 | 2 |
| bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 27.4727 | 1 | 1 |
| caspase-1 isoform alpha precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 23.7358 | 1 | 2 |
| caspase-3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 27.4727 | 1 | 1 |
| Caspase-7 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1 | 1 |
| Cellular tumor antigen p53 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 16.1489 | 3 | 8 |
| cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.8107 | 2 | 2 |
| Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 27.2997 | 1 | 4 |
| Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 5.1454 | 1 | 2 |
| Chain A, Beta-lactamase | Escherichia coli K-12 | Potency | 112.2020 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 18.9314 | 2 | 5 |
| Chain A, Cruzipain | Trypanosoma cruzi | Potency | 30.4765 | 2 | 3 |
| Chain A, Ferritin light chain | Equus caballus (horse) | Potency | 21.2804 | 1 | 2 |
| Chain A, HADH2 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 11.6774 | 2 | 4 |
| Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 50.9100 | 1 | 2 |
| Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 12.5096 | 1 | 5 |
| Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase | Giardia intestinalis | Potency | 17.7407 | 1 | 2 |
| Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 15.0460 | 1 | 4 |
| Chain B, HADH2 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 11.6774 | 2 | 4 |
| chromobox protein homolog 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 23.3507 | 2 | 2 |
| cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 3.9811 | 1 | 1 |
| cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 7.9433 | 1 | 1 |
| cytochrome P450 2C9, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 11.9877 | 1 | 1 |
| cytochrome P450 2D6 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 26.8370 | 1 | 1 |
| cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 17.8915 | 2 | 12 |
| cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 16.9330 | 1 | 1 |
| cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 34.4925 | 1 | 3 |
| D(1A) dopamine receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 15.8489 | 1 | 1 |
| DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3F isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.3872 | 1 | 1 |
| DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 27.2454 | 2 | 3 |
| DNA polymerase beta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 44.6684 | 1 | 1 |
| DNA polymerase eta isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 37.0922 | 2 | 2 |
| DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 74.5194 | 1 | 5 |
| DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 48.7574 | 2 | 7 |
| endonuclease IV | Escherichia coli | Potency | 0.6310 | 1 | 1 |
| estrogen nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 34.7513 | 10 | 25 |
| estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 27.4727 | 2 | 2 |
| estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 16.0932 | 7 | 7 |
| euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 36.3234 | 1 | 4 |
| farnesoid X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 46.9791 | 4 | 4 |
| Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 19.9526 | 1 | 1 |
| flap endonuclease 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 46.0758 | 2 | 5 |
| G | Vesicular stomatitis virus | Potency | 11.9877 | 1 | 1 |
| GABA theta subunit | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 17.8915 | 1 | 6 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 17.8915 | 1 | 6 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 17.8915 | 1 | 6 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 17.8915 | 1 | 6 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 17.8915 | 1 | 6 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 17.8915 | 1 | 6 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 17.8915 | 1 | 6 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 17.8915 | 1 | 6 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 17.8915 | 1 | 6 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 17.8915 | 1 | 6 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 17.8915 | 1 | 6 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 17.8915 | 1 | 6 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 17.8915 | 1 | 6 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 17.8915 | 1 | 6 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 17.8915 | 1 | 6 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 17.8915 | 1 | 6 |
| geminin | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 12.6601 | 4 | 9 |
| GLI family zinc finger 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 14.7033 | 3 | 3 |
| glp-1 receptor, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 28.1838 | 1 | 1 |
| GLS protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 18.6555 | 2 | 3 |
| glucocerebrosidase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 15.1184 | 6 | 11 |
| glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens] | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 43.2943 | 3 | 4 |
| Glutamate receptor 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 69.2796 | 1 | 2 |
| GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.4813 | 1 | 1 |
| Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.4813 | 1 | 1 |
| heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 21.7940 | 1 | 3 |
| heat shock protein beta-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 27.3162 | 2 | 2 |
| hemoglobin subunit beta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| Histamine H2 receptor | Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig) | Potency | 7.9433 | 2 | 7 |
| histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 26.6676 | 1 | 4 |
| histone deacetylase 9 isoform 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 68.5896 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone H2A.x | Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster) | Potency | 80.4867 | 2 | 3 |
| histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.8741 | 1 | 2 |
| HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 11.9877 | 1 | 1 |
| huntingtin isoform 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 3.5481 | 1 | 1 |
| hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 52.2970 | 2 | 2 |
| hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 6.3096 | 2 | 2 |
| IDH1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 17.1630 | 1 | 3 |
| importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.6651 | 2 | 2 |
| Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 11.9877 | 1 | 2 |
| Inositol monophosphatase 1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Integrin alpha-IIb | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| Integrin beta-3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| Interferon beta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 37.9565 | 2 | 4 |
| interleukin 8 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 84.1267 | 1 | 1 |
| lamin isoform A-delta10 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 18.3280 | 1 | 5 |
| lethal factor (plasmid) | Bacillus anthracis str. A2012 | Potency | 0.0794 | 1 | 1 |
| lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 isoform I | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1 | 1 |
| Luciferase | Photinus pyralis (common eastern firefly) | Potency | 27.4893 | 3 | 5 |
| lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.5068 | 1 | 1 |
| M-phase phosphoprotein 8 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.4813 | 1 | 1 |
| Microtubule-associated protein tau | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 11.0084 | 2 | 12 |
| mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 27.1196 | 2 | 5 |
| muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| neuropeptide S receptor isoform A | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 15.9695 | 1 | 2 |
| nonstructural protein 1 | Influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933(H1N1)) | Potency | 15.8489 | 1 | 1 |
| Nrf2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 18.5242 | 2 | 3 |
| nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 17.7929 | 4 | 6 |
| nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 50.1187 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 3.4895 | 1 | 1 |
| Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 33.4915 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1 | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 19.3339 | 2 | 14 |
| nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 57.8750 | 3 | 6 |
| P53 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 50.1187 | 1 | 1 |
| Parkin | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.3872 | 1 | 1 |
| peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 24.8538 | 4 | 5 |
| peripheral myelin protein 22 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 16.4472 | 2 | 2 |
| peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 15.1014 | 1 | 1 |
| peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 24.1623 | 5 | 9 |
| peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 29.5047 | 5 | 5 |
| phosphoglycerate kinase | Trypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927 | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| phosphopantetheinyl transferase | Bacillus subtilis | Potency | 53.8820 | 1 | 2 |
| PINK1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.3872 | 1 | 1 |
| plasminogen precursor | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 3.9811 | 1 | 1 |
| Platelet-activating factor receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 2 |
| polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX12 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 11.7504 | 1 | 2 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 7.9433 | 1 | 2 |
| potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 3.8701 | 1 | 3 |
| PPM1D protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 46.6128 | 1 | 2 |
| pregnane X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 37.3019 | 2 | 2 |
| pregnane X receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 79.4328 | 1 | 1 |
| progesterone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.8396 | 2 | 2 |
| pyruvate kinase PKM isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 28.1838 | 2 | 2 |
| Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 50.1187 | 1 | 1 |
| RAR-related orphan receptor gamma | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 53.8126 | 2 | 2 |
| retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 9.7687 | 2 | 3 |
| retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 32.8588 | 4 | 5 |
| serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 26.1216 | 1 | 1 |
| serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 26.6795 | 1 | 1 |
| SMAD family member 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 41.5410 | 2 | 2 |
| SMAD family member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 41.5410 | 2 | 2 |
| Smad3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.9404 | 1 | 3 |
| snurportin-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.6651 | 2 | 2 |
| TAR DNA-binding protein 43 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 18.1863 | 1 | 2 |
| TDP1 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 18.1360 | 2 | 16 |
| thioredoxin glutathione reductase | Schistosoma mansoni | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| thioredoxin reductase | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 39.9548 | 2 | 3 |
| thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 31.5927 | 2 | 10 |
| thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 52.1315 | 3 | 3 |
| thyroid stimulating hormone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.4057 | 6 | 6 |
| thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 27.7247 | 1 | 1 |
| transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 13.5346 | 1 | 2 |
| tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 19.9526 | 1 | 1 |
| urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 3.9811 | 1 | 1 |
| urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 3.9811 | 1 | 1 |
| USP1 protein, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 42.8555 | 2 | 7 |
| v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 13.9840 | 2 | 2 |
| vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.5969 | 5 | 5 |
| vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 55.1024 | 1 | 6 |
| Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 69.2796 | 1 | 2 |
| Vpr | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 | Potency | 35.4813 | 1 | 1 |
| WRN | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 50.1187 | 1 | 1 |
Inhibition Measurements
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase ABHD5 isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 9.6995 | 2 | 2 |
| 10 kDa chaperonin | Escherichia coli | IC50 | 6.2500 | 2 | 4 |
| 10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 15.6500 | 1 | 2 |
| 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 2.8300 | 1 | 1 |
| 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.0450 | 1 | 2 |
| 60 kDa chaperonin | Escherichia coli K-12 | IC50 | 250.0000 | 1 | 2 |
| 60 kDa chaperonin | Escherichia coli | IC50 | 6.2500 | 2 | 4 |
| 60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 15.6500 | 1 | 2 |
| 72 kDa type IV collagenase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0100 | 1 | 1 |
| Acetylcholinesterase | Electrophorus electricus (electric eel) | IC50 | 132.1300 | 2 | 2 |
| Acetylcholinesterase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 5.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 15.8000 | 1 | 2 |
| Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.3200 | 1 | 1 |
| alkaline phosphatase, germ cell type preproprotein | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| alkaline phosphatase, intestinal | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme isoform 1 preproprotein | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 5.4000 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 5.4000 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 5.4000 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-synuclein | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 81.0100 | 2 | 2 |
| Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 3.7129 | 7 | 7 |
| Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.5660 | 2 | 2 |
| Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 15.6000 | 2 | 2 |
| Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 21.3200 | 6 | 6 |
| Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 47.2000 | 1 | 1 |
| Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 21.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Aminopeptidase N | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 15.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Aminopeptidase N | Sus scrofa (pig) | IC50 | 15.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Amyloid-beta precursor protein | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 10.1717 | 31 | 31 |
| Aromatase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 3.8000 | 1 | 1 |
| Beta lactamase (plasmid) | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | IC50 | 7.7510 | 1 | 1 |
| Beta-secretase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 142.5000 | 3 | 3 |
| Bile salt export pump | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.6300 | 1 | 1 |
| CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 2.3600 | 1 | 1 |
| CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.1010 | 1 | 1 |
| Cholinesterase | Equus caballus (horse) | IC50 | 300.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Cholinesterase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 5.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Collagenase 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0140 | 1 | 1 |
| core protein, partial | IC50 | 35.9842 | 3 | 4 | |
| CREB-binding protein | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 25.0000 | 4 | 4 |
| Cysteine protease | Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense | IC50 | 7.7500 | 1 | 1 |
| Cytochrome P450 1A1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 5.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Cytochrome P450 1A2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.2690 | 1 | 1 |
| Cytochrome P450 1B1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 2.2000 | 1 | 1 |
| Cytochrome P450 1B1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.7000 | 1 | 1 |
| Cytochrome P450 2D6 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.2690 | 1 | 1 |
| Cytochrome P450 3A4 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.2690 | 1 | 1 |
| D-amino-acid oxidase | Sus scrofa (pig) | IC50 | 1.0700 | 2 | 2 |
| Estrogen receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.8700 | 1 | 1 |
| Estrogen receptor beta | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.2690 | 1 | 1 |
| Female germline-specific tumor suppressor gld-1 | Caenorhabditis elegans | IC50 | 6.6880 | 1 | 1 |
| Glutathione S-transferase P | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 69.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 17.9500 | 1 | 1 |
| Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 0.0660 | 1 | 1 |
| Heme oxygenase 1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Heme oxygenase 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone acetyltransferase p300 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 21.9167 | 6 | 6 |
| Histone deacetylase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 187.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone deacetylase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 50.7900 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone deacetylase 11 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 187.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone deacetylase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 187.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone deacetylase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 97.6700 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone deacetylase 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 187.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone deacetylase 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 187.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone deacetylase 5 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 187.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone deacetylase 6 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 187.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone deacetylase 7 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 187.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone deacetylase 8 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 187.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone deacetylase 8 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 64.9800 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone deacetylase 9 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 187.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| hypothetical protein SA1422 | Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus N315 | IC50 | 42.9000 | 2 | 2 |
| Integrase | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 | IC50 | 100.0000 | 2 | 2 |
| Interstitial collagenase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0160 | 1 | 1 |
| intestinal alkaline phosphatase precursor | Mus musculus (house mouse) | IC50 | 18.7000 | 1 | 1 |
| Lactoylglutathione lyase | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.0050 | 1 | 1 |
| Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 9.6000 | 1 | 1 |
| Matrilysin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0080 | 1 | 1 |
| matrix metalloproteinase-14 preproprotein | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 30.6000 | 1 | 1 |
| Matrix metalloproteinase-9 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0100 | 1 | 1 |
| Microtubule-associated protein tau | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 54.8750 | 4 | 4 |
| NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 11.9467 | 3 | 3 |
| Neuronal proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src | Mus musculus (house mouse) | IC50 | 2.2000 | 1 | 1 |
| Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 32.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 32.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| perilipin-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 9.1670 | 1 | 1 |
| perilipin-5 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 10.2320 | 1 | 1 |
| Phospholipase A2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 11.1000 | 1 | 1 |
| Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 187.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 30.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 35.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Prostaglandin E synthase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.8000 | 3 | 3 |
| Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 | Ovis aries (sheep) | IC50 | 63.8350 | 1 | 2 |
| Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 63.8350 | 1 | 2 |
| Proteasome subunit beta type-5 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 8.2933 | 3 | 3 |
| Protein disulfide-isomerase | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 36.1000 | 1 | 1 |
| Replicase polyprotein 1ab | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 | IC50 | 31.7500 | 1 | 2 |
| Replicase polyprotein 1ab | Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus | IC50 | 31.7500 | 1 | 2 |
| Rev | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 | IC50 | 75.4340 | 1 | 1 |
| Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 | Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit) | IC50 | 3.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 | Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit) | Ki | 5.8000 | 1 | 1 |
| Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 7.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 53.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 5.8000 | 1 | 1 |
| Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 7.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 8.6000 | 1 | 1 |
| Sentrin-specific protease 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 4.9450 | 2 | 2 |
| Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 16.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 2.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.6166 | 1 | 1 |
| Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.3400 | 1 | 1 |
| Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 2.9512 | 1 | 1 |
| Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 2.2600 | 1 | 1 |
| Sortase A | Streptococcus mutans | IC50 | 10.2000 | 1 | 1 |
| Stromelysin-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0810 | 1 | 1 |
| Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 40.4667 | 3 | 3 |
| Thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 40.4667 | 3 | 3 |
| Thioredoxin reductase 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 40.4667 | 3 | 3 |
| Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 29.1500 | 1 | 2 |
| Tissue factor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0132 | 1 | 1 |
| toll-like receptor 9 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 8.3620 | 1 | 1 |
| TPA: protein transporter TIM10 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C | IC50 | 19.7000 | 1 | 1 |
| Transcription factor p65 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 32.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Transthyretin | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 12.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Tyrosinase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 5.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 55.0000 | 2 | 2 |
| Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 55.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase | Bos taurus (cattle) | IC50 | 47.3000 | 1 | 1 |
Activation Measurements
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-synuclein | Homo sapiens (human) | Kd | 3.5000 | 4 | 4 |
| bcl-2-like protein 11 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 350.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, BCL-2-RELATED PROTEIN A1 | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 350.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Lymphocyte antigen 96 | Homo sapiens (human) | Kd | 379.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 11.6000 | 1 | 1 |
| Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 21.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Replicase polyprotein 1ab | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 | EC50 | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Replicase polyprotein 1ab | Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus | EC50 | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Sodium/bile acid cotransporter | Homo sapiens (human) | Kd | 64.3000 | 1 | 1 |
| SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 2, isoform CRA_a | Homo sapiens (human) | EC50 | 91.1400 | 1 | 1 |
Other Measurements
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amyloid-beta precursor protein | Homo sapiens (human) | DC50 | 0.7550 | 2 | 2 |
| EWS/FLI fusion protein | Homo sapiens (human) | AbsAC35_uM | 40.2500 | 1 | 1 |
| FATTY-ACID-CoA LIGASE FADD28 (FATTY-ACID-CoA SYNTHETASE) (FATTY-ACID-CoA SYNTHASE) | Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv | AC50 | 2.7300 | 1 | 1 |
| Microtubule-associated protein tau | Homo sapiens (human) | DC50 | 200.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Quinone oxidoreductase | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Activity | 4.6433 | 3 | 3 |
| Quinone oxidoreductase | Mus musculus (house mouse) | CD | 6.2333 | 3 | 3 |
| Substance-P receptor | Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig) | CD | 11.0000 | 1 | 1 |