Page last updated: 2024-10-24

tRNA demethylase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from one or more positions within a tRNA molecule. [PMID:27745969]

tRNA demethylase activity is a crucial enzymatic function involved in the post-transcriptional modification of transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. tRNA molecules are essential components of protein synthesis, acting as adaptors that bring the correct amino acid to the ribosome based on the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence. These modifications, including methylation, are crucial for tRNA stability, structure, and function. tRNA demethylases, also known as tRNA methyltransferases, catalyze the removal of methyl groups from specific positions on tRNA molecules. This process plays a critical role in regulating the tRNA pool, ensuring optimal translation efficiency and accuracy. Specifically, tRNA demethylases target methylated bases within the tRNA structure, including N1-methyladenosine (m1A), N7-methylguanosine (m7G), and others. By removing these methyl groups, tRNA demethylases can alter the conformation and stability of the tRNA molecule, affecting its ability to interact with the ribosome and other translation factors. This fine-tuning of tRNA function can impact protein synthesis rates, codon recognition, and overall cellular protein production. The specific substrate and reaction mechanism of tRNA demethylases can vary depending on the enzyme and the targeted methylation site. However, the overall function of tRNA demethylases is to maintain the integrity and functionality of the tRNA pool, contributing to the fidelity and efficiency of protein synthesis in all living organisms.'
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Proteins (1)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTOAn alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9C0B1]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (15)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
citric acid, anhydrouscitric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.

Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.
tricarboxylic acidantimicrobial agent;
chelator;
food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
malic acid2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.

malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.
2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid
food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
pyruvic acidpyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.

Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
2-oxo monocarboxylic acidcofactor;
fundamental metabolite
2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acidlutidinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying carboxy groups at positions 2 and 4.pyridinedicarboxylic acid
d-glutamateD-alpha-amino acid;
glutamic acid
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
glutamic acidglutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.

Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid
Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
d-lactic acid(R)-lactic acid : An optically active form of lactic acid having (R)-configuration.2-hydroxypropanoic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
d-2-hydroxyglutarate(R)-2-hydroxyglutaric acid : The (R)-enantiomer of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid.2-hydroxyglutaric acidalgal metabolite
alpha-hydroxyglutarate, (l)-isomer2-hydroxyglutaric acid
fumaric acidfumaric acid : A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.

fumaric acid: see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters
butenedioic acidfood acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
5-carboxy-8-hydroxyquinoline5-carboxy-8-hydroxyquinoline: a JmjC histone demethylase inhibitor; structure in first sourcequinolines
aconitic acidcis-aconitic acid : The cis-isomer of aconitic acid.aconitic acidfundamental metabolite
oxalylglycineN-oxalylglycine : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is iminodiacetic acid with an oxo substituent. It is used as an inhibitor of alpha-ketoglutarate dependent (EC 1.14.11.*) enzymes.

oxalylglycine: structure given in first source
amino dicarboxylic acid;
N-acylglycine
EC 1.14.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, incorporating 1 atom each of oxygen into both donors) inhibitor
entacaponeentacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.

entacapone: structure given in first source
2-nitrophenols;
catechols;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
fg-4592roxadustat : An N-acylglycine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of glycine with the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-7-phenoxyisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid. It is an inhibitor of hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH).

roxadustat: structure in first source
aromatic ether;
isoquinolines;
N-acylglycine
EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.11.29 (hypoxia-inducible factor-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor