asoxime chloride profile

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	135444627
SCHEMBL ID	840733
SCHEMBL ID	667540
SCHEMBL ID	20917382
MeSH ID	M0079496

Synonym
(((4-(iminocarbonyl)pyridinio)methoxy)methyl)-2-((hydroxyimino)methyl)pyridinium dichloride
pyridinium, 1-(((4-(aminocarbonyl)pyridinio)methoxy)methyl)-2-((hydroxyimino)methyl)-, 2cl
wr 249655
hi-6 dichloride
1-(2-hydroxyiminomethyl-1-pyridino)-3-(4-carbamoyl-1-pyridino)-2-oxapropane dichloride monohydrate
pyridinium, 4'-carbamoyl-2-formyl-1,1'-(oxydimethylene)di-, dichloride, 2-oxime
asoxime chloride
ccris 7699
4'-carbamoyl-2-formyl-1,1'-(oxydimethylene)di-pyridinium-dichloride-2-oxime
hj 6
34433-31-3
huv88p6sjs ,
transant
unii-huv88p6sjs
1-(((4-(aminocarbonyl)pyridinio)methoxy)methyl)-2-((hydroxyimino)methyl)pyridinium chloride (1:2)
asoxime chloride [mart.]
1-(2-hydroxyiminomethyl-1-pyridinio)-3-(4-carbamoyl-1-pyridinio)-2-oxapropane dichloride
4'-carbamoyl-2-formyl-1,1'-(oxydimethylene)dipyridinium chloride 2-oxime
asoxime chloride [mi]
SCHEMBL840733
SCHEMBL667540
AKOS030242345
hi-6, >=98% (hplc)
HY-106901A
asoxime (dichloride)
1-(2-hydroxyiminomethyl-1-pyridino)-3-(4-carbamoyl-1-pyridino)-2-oxapropanedichloride monohydrate
SCHEMBL20917382
CS-0026875
asoxime (chloride)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" LD50 of CMPF was estimated using an up-and-down dose selection procedure and 12 animals."	( Evaluation of the toxicity, pathology, and treatment of cyclohexylmethylphosphonofluoridate (CMPF) poisoning in rhesus monkeys. Dochterman, LW; Gresham, VC; Kaminskis, A; Koplovitz, I; Stewart, JR, 1992)	0.28
" In mice the maximal therapeutic dose of HI-6 increased the LD50 of soman from 113 micrograms/kg in unprotected animals to 992 micrograms/kg in animals receiving 76."	( Effect of endogenous carboxylesterase on HI-6 protection against soman toxicity. Koplovitz, I; Maxwell, DM, 1990)	0.28
" After fasting, the IP LD50 value of HI-6 decreased from 660 mg/kg to 550 mg/kg."	( Effect of fasting on the acute toxicity of HI-6 and its efficacy in soman poisoned mice. Clement, JG, )	0.13
" Animals were challenged with 5 x LD50 GF (233 micrograms/kg, IM) following pretreatment with pyridostigmine (0."	( Acute toxicity of cyclohexylmethylphosphonofluoridate (CMPF) in rhesus monkeys: serum biochemical and hematologic changes. Koplovitz, I; Young, GD, 1995)	0.29
"The therapeutic efficacy of the new asymmetric bispyridinium oxime BI-6 against acute toxicity of the highly toxic organophosphate soman and the organophosphorus insecticide fosdrin by means of affecting the LD50 values of these noxiores substances was compared with the effect of the hitherto most perspective oxime HI-6 and the classic obidoxime always in combination with the identical dose of atropine."	( [Comparison of the effects of BI-6, a new asymmetric bipyridine oxime, with HI-6 oxime and obidoxime in combination with atropine on soman and fosdrine toxicity in mice]. Kassa, J, 1999)	0.3
"Cyclosarin (GF-agent; O-cyclohexylmethylfluorophosphonate) belongs to highly toxic organophosphorus compounds."	( Signs of cyclosarin-induced neurotoxicity and its pharmacological treatment with quaternary pyridinium-oximes reactivators. Bartosova, L; Krejcova-Kunesova, G; Kuca, K, 2005)	0.33
" Since their adverse effects are not well elucidated, in this study the efficiency of HI-6 oxime in protection and/or reactivation of human erythrocyte AChE inhibited by the antineoplastic drug irinotecan as well as its cyto/genotoxicity in vitro were investigated."	( Evaluation of HI-6 oxime: potential use in protection of human acetylcholinesterase inhibited by antineoplastic drug irinotecan and its cyto/genotoxicity in vitro. Berend, S; Fuchs, N; Kopjar, N; Radić, B; Vrdoljak, AL; Zeljezić, D, 2007)	0.34
"The potency of newly developed oximes (K074, K075) and commonly used oximes (obidoxime, trimedoxime, and HI-6) to counteract tabun or cyclosarin-induced acute toxic effects was studied in mice."	( A comparison of the potency of newly developed oximes (K074, K075) and currently available oximes (obidoxime, trimedoxime, HI-6) to counteract acute toxic effects of tabun and cyclosarin in mice. Humlicek, V; Kassa, J, 2008)	0.35
" The enzyme is also considered as a bioscavenger due to its ability to neutralize the toxic effects of organophosphorus compounds (nervous system fs agents) such as soman."	( Correlation between butyrylcholinesterase variants and sensitivity to soman toxicity. Dimov, D; Dimova, I; Kanev, K, 2012)	0.38
" Although these compounds are extremely toxic agents, the search for novel antidotes remains extremely limited."	( Modeling and simulation of organophosphate-induced neurotoxicity: Prediction and validation by experimental studies. Ambert, N; Barbier, L; Baudry, M; Bischoff, S; Bouteiller, JM; Dadak, S; Dorandeu, F; Fagni, L; Greget, R; Lauga, F; Legendre, A; Linossier-Pierre, S; Moussaoui, S; Pernot, F, 2016)	0.43

Pharmacokinetics

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The absorption half-life was 2 min and maximum concentration (51 micrograms mL-1) was reached in 9 min."	( HI-6 pharmacokinetics in rabbits after intravenous and intramuscular administration. Clark, CR; Lukey, BJ; McCluskey, MP; Woodard, CL, 1992)	0.28
" The effects of methoxyflurane anesthesia, administration of atropine with and without diazepam were determined on the serum half-life (t1/2), clearance rate (CL), and the volume of distribution (Vd) following intramuscular (IM) administration of HI-6 (30 mg kg-1)."	( Pharmacokinetics of the acetylcholinesterase oxime reactivator, HI-6, in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): effect of atropine, diazepam, and methoxyflurane anesthesia. Briggs, CJ; Clement, JG; Lee, MJ; Simons, KJ, 1990)	0.28
" The mean half-life was 48."	( The pharmacokinetics of HI-6 in beagle dogs. Briggs, CJ; Simons, KJ, )	0.13
" The results have shown that pharmacokinetic behaviour of HI-6 oxime has been changed during poisoning but these changes have not caused additional risks or changes in the accepted regime of drug dosage."	( [Pharmacokinetics of the oxime, HI-6, in patients with acute organophosphorus insecticide poisoning]. Joksović, D; Jovanović, D; Randelović, S; Todorović, V, )	0.13
" The plasma HI-6 peak concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) demonstrated linear pharmacokinetics with low intradose variability, suggestive of uniformity of effect among subjects."	( The acetylcholinesterase oxime reactivator HI-6 in man: pharmacokinetics and tolerability in combination with atropine. Bailey, DG; Clement, JG; Madill, HD; Spence, JD; Tran, LT, 1995)	0.29
" The other pharmacokinetic data likewise did not reveal any differences between the groups."	( Pharmacokinetics of atropine in dogs after i.m. injection with newly developed dry/wet combination autoinjectors containing HI 6 or HLö 7. Eyer, P; Klimmek, R; Radtke, M; Spöhrer, U; Thiermann, H, 1996)	0.29
" HI-6 (500 mg 2Cl or 633 mg DMS) resulted in an identical pharmacokinetic profile unaffected by atropine co-administration."	( The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of two HI-6 salts in swine and efficacy in the treatment of GF and soman poisoning. Berger, BJ; Davidson, C; Hamilton, MG; Hill, I; Lecavalier, P; Lundy, PM; Vair, C; Weatherby, KL, 2005)	0.33
" According to the results, both HI-6 salts applied in combination with hyaluronidase had increased tissue absorption and improved pharmacokinetic profile."	( Hyaluronidase: its effects on HI-6 dichloride and dimethanesulphonate pharmacokinetic profile in pigs. Chladek, J; Jun, D; Karasova, JZ; Kuca, K; Pavlik, M, 2013)	0.39
" We evaluated the pharmacokinetic profiles of two HI-6 salts after their intravenous (i."	( Intravenous application of HI-6 salts (dichloride and dimethansulphonate) in pigs: comparison with pharmacokinetics profile after intramuscular administration. Bures, J; Chladek, J; Jun, D; Kuca, K; Kunes, M; Kvetina, J; Tachecí, I; Zdarova Karasova, J; Zemek, F, 2013)	0.39

Compound-Compound Interactions

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"In male rat experiments, the therapeutic effect of oxime HI-6 and its derivatives (HI-6 ester and amide) in combination with benactyzine on the cholinergic and stressogenic effects of a sublethal dose of soman was compared."	( [Comparison of the effect of HI-6 oxime and its derivatives in combination with benactyzine on cholinergic and stress effects of soman in rats]. Kassa, J, 1996)	0.29
" PANPAL pretreatment did not improve the efficacy of HI-6 in combination with benactyzine on soman-induced anticholinesterase and stressogenic effects."	( The influence of pharmacological pretreatment on efficacy of HI-6 oxime in combination with benactyzine in soman poisoning in rats. Bajgar, J; Kassa, J, 1996)	0.29
"The therapeutic efficacy of the new asymmetric bispyridinium oxime BI-6 against acute toxicity of the highly toxic organophosphate soman and the organophosphorus insecticide fosdrin by means of affecting the LD50 values of these noxiores substances was compared with the effect of the hitherto most perspective oxime HI-6 and the classic obidoxime always in combination with the identical dose of atropine."	( [Comparison of the effects of BI-6, a new asymmetric bipyridine oxime, with HI-6 oxime and obidoxime in combination with atropine on soman and fosdrine toxicity in mice]. Kassa, J, 1999)	0.3
" The oxime HI-6 when combined with centrally acting anticholinergic drug trihexyphenidyle seems to be more efficacious in the elimination of acute toxic effects of soman than its combination with atropine."	( Assessment of the therapeutic and anticonvulsive efficacy of a drug combination consisting of trihexyphenidyle and HI-6 in soman-poisoned rats. Kassa, J; Samnaliev, I, 2004)	0.32
"The effect of three newly developed bispyridinium non-oxime compounds (MB408, MB442, and MB444) on the therapeutic efficacy of a standard antidotal treatment (atropine in combination with the oxime HI-6 or obidoxime) of acute poisoning by two nerve agents (sarin and cyclosarin) in mice was studied."	( Some benefit from non-oximes MB408, MB442 and MB444 in combination with the oximes HI-6 or obidoxime and atropine in antidoting sarin or cyclosarin poisoned mice. Bird, M; Green, AC; Kassa, J; Tattersall, JEH; Timperley, CM; Williams, RL, 2018)	0.48

Bioavailability

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" A comparison of the parameters describing relative bioavailability at the 80% probability level did not reveal any significant differences between the formulations of HI-6."	( Pharmacokinetics of the oxime HI-6 from a mixture with atropine sulphate in dogs. Jovanović, D; Kovacević, V; Maksimović, M, 1992)	0.28
" The results indicate low bioavailability of the oral formulations of HI-6 in man."	( Oral forms of the oxime HI-6: a study of pharmacokinetics and tolerance after administration to healthy volunteers. Joksovic, D; Jovanovic, D; Kovacevic, V; Maksimovic, M, 1990)	0.28
" Drug concentration had no influence on rate and extent of absorption of intramuscular injections, and bioavailability was 100%."	( Disposition of HI-6 oxime in rats after intravenous and intramuscular administration. Briggs, CJ; Simons, KJ, 1985)	0.27
"42% of intravenous AUC, indicating low bioavailability of oral HI-6 formulations."	( Oral kinetics and bioavailability of the cholinesterase reactivator HI-6 after administration of 2 different formulations of tablets to dogs. Bokonjić, D; Jovanović, D; Kovacević, V; Maksimović, M, 1987)	0.27
" The bioavailability of two different strength intramuscularly administered doses was also determined in the same animals."	( The pharmacokinetics of HI-6 in beagle dogs. Briggs, CJ; Simons, KJ, )	0.13
" In this study the tolerance, bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of 500 mg HI 6 [1-(((4-(aminocarbonyl) pyridinio)methoxy) methyl)-2-((hydroxyimino)methyl) pyridinium dichloride monohydrate] or 200 mg HLö 7 [1-(((4-(aminocarbonyl) pyridinio)methoxy)methyl)-2,4- bis((hydroxyimino)methyl)pyridinium dimethanesulfonate] in combination with 2 mg atropine sulfate versus atropine alone, delivered by two dry/wet autoinjector types, were investigated in eight male beagle dogs (16 kg) in a complete cross-over design."	( Pharmacokinetics of the oximes HI 6 and HLö 7 in dogs after i.m. injection with newly developed dry/wet autoinjectors. Eyer, P; Klimmek, R; Spöhrer, U; Thiermann, H, 1994)	0.29
"05) than following intravenous or intramuscular administration suggesting that the rate of absorption from the gastrointestinal tract decreases the elimination rate of the drug."	( Bioavailability and disposition kinetics of HI-6 in Beagle dogs. Baggot, JD; Brennan, P; Buckpitt, A; Chung, H; Johnson, D, 1993)	0.29
" To allow comparison of the bioavailability of atropine from various autoinjectors, the AUCs were normalized to a constant dose."	( Pharmacokinetics of atropine in dogs after i.m. injection with newly developed dry/wet combination autoinjectors containing HI 6 or HLö 7. Eyer, P; Klimmek, R; Radtke, M; Spöhrer, U; Thiermann, H, 1996)	0.29
" It was clearly demonstrated that reactivation potency of HI-6 DMS in comparison with HI-6 Cl in vivo was the same and bioavailability of HI-6 DMS is better than that of HI-6 Cl."	( Optimal choice of acetylcholinesterase reactivators for antidotal treatment of nerve agent intoxication. Bajgar, J, 2010)	0.36
" Bioavailability calculated as AUCtotal (HI-6 DMS with hyaluronidase, 4,119 ± 647 min μg/ml) was also significantly higher compared to HI-6 DMS (2,259 ± 329 min μg/ml) and HI-6 dichloride (1,969 ± 254 min μg/ml); both without hyaluronidase."	( Hyaluronidase: its effects on HI-6 dichloride and dimethanesulphonate pharmacokinetic profile in pigs. Chladek, J; Jun, D; Karasova, JZ; Kuca, K; Pavlik, M, 2013)	0.39
" Rapid reactivation of OP-hBChE conjugates by uncharged and nonprotonated tertiary imidazole aldoximes allows the design of a new OP countermeasure by conversion of hBChE from a stoichiometric to catalytic OP bioscavenger with the prospect of oral bioavailability and central nervous system penetration."	( Imidazole aldoximes effective in assisting butyrylcholinesterase catalysis of organophosphate detoxification. Amitai, G; Fokin, VV; Radić, Z; Sharpless, KB; Sit, RK; Taylor, P, 2014)	0.4
" To test the hypothesis that rapid and substantial bioavailability of the antidotes HI-6 oxime and dicobalt edetate can be achieved via the intraosseous (IO) route, plasma concentration-time profiles of these antidotes were compared after administration by the intravenous and IO routes in a minipig animal model."	( Rapid and equivalent systemic bioavailability of the antidotes HI-6 and dicobalt edetate via the intraosseous and intravenous routes. Blain, PG; Dunn, M; Flecknell, PA; Henderson, D; Hill, SL; Morris, CM; Thomas, AA; Thomas, SH, 2015)	0.42
"This study demonstrates rapid and similar systemic bioavailability of HI-6 and dicobalt edetate when given by the IO and intravenous routes."	( Rapid and equivalent systemic bioavailability of the antidotes HI-6 and dicobalt edetate via the intraosseous and intravenous routes. Blain, PG; Dunn, M; Flecknell, PA; Henderson, D; Hill, SL; Morris, CM; Thomas, AA; Thomas, SH, 2015)	0.42
" In this work, the cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) carrier was used for the encapsulation of the clinical agent asoxime to enhance brain bioavailability and the treatment window."	( Effect of Oxime Encapsulation on Acetylcholinesterase Reactivation: Pharmacokinetic Study of the Asoxime-Cucurbit[7]uril Complex in Mice Using Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Andrýs, R; Karasová, JŽ; Kassa, J; Klusoňová, A; Lísa, M, 2021)	0.62

Dosage Studied

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Dose-response studies of HI-6 at dose-levels of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, or saline (IP) were evaluated."	( Neurobehavioral effects of the pyridinium aldoxime cholinesterase reactivator HI-6. Liu, WF; Shih, JH, )	0.13
" administration of HI-6 at a dosing rate of 20 to 25 mg/kg at 4-hour intervals should provide an average steady-state plasma concentration of 16 to 20 micrograms/ml in domestic animals."	( Application of interspecies scaling to the bispyridinium oxime HI-6. Baggot, JD, 1994)	0.29
" Assuming that the tails of dose-response curves of toxicity for bisquaternary oximes are shallow and similar to one another, one could substitute the ED(10) for the MTD."	( Determination of therapeutic doses of bisquaternary oximes in large animals. Adani, R; Amitai, G; Chen, R; Cohen, G; Rabinovitz, I; Raveh, L; Zomber, G, )	0.13
" A computer simulation based on combination of AChE kinetic data (inhibition, reactivation, aging) with OP toxicokinetics and oxime pharmacokinetics allows the calculation of AChE activities at different scenarios and may facilitate to define effective oxime concentrations and to optimize oxime dosage in OP poisoning."	( Application of kinetic-based computer modelling to evaluate the efficacy of HI 6 in percutaneous VX poisoning. Aurbek, N; Eyer, P; Szinicz, L; Thiermann, H; Worek, F, 2006)	0.33
" Rats received DFP intraperitoneally in a dosage of 6, 8, or 10 micromol/rat and immediately thereafter intraperitoneal injections of K-27, K-48, pralidoxime, obidoxime, trimedoxime, methoxime, or HI-6."	( Efficacy of two new asymmetric bispyridinium oximes (K-27 and K-48) in rats exposed to diisopropylfluorophosphate: comparison with pralidoxime, obidoxime, trimedoxime, methoxime, and HI-6. Hasan, MY; Kuca, K; Lorke, DE; Nurulain, SM; Petroianu, GA; Schmitt, A, 2009)	0.35
" Thus, the data presented strongly support the administration of appropriately dosed oximes, preferably obidoxime, in paraoxon-poisoned patients to restore paraoxon-impaired muscle force."	( Muscle force and acetylcholinesterase activity in mouse hemidiaphragms exposed to paraoxon and treated by oximes in vitro. Eyer, P; Thiermann, H; Worek, F, 2010)	0.36
" However, the effects of this dosing schedule administered after a brain insult and the underlying molecular mechanisms in the hippocampus are unknown."	( Alpha-Linolenic Acid-Induced Increase in Neurogenesis is a Key Factor in the Improvement in the Passive Avoidance Task After Soman Exposure. Apland, JP; Chen, J; Grunberg, N; Marini, AM; McDonough, J; Pan, H; Piermartiri, TC, 2015)	0.42

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Acetylcholinesterase	Electrophorus electricus (electric eel)	IC50 (µMol)	800.0000	0.0000	0.9453	9.9400	AID30838
Acetylcholinesterase	Electrophorus electricus (electric eel)	Ki	228.8000	0.0012	1.2563	8.9000	AID30840
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	Mus musculus (house mouse)	IC50 (µMol)	1,000.0000	0.0000	0.5799	2.6000	AID145514
Cholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	215.0000	0.0000	1.5173	9.7300	AID1414471
Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	154.5000	0.0000	0.9332	10.0000	AID1054126; AID1385714; AID1826689; AID31018; AID31032; AID552421
Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	25.0000	0.0000	1.2786	9.7300	AID1414470
Acetylcholinesterase	Bos taurus (cattle)	IC50 (µMol)	126.0000	0.0000	0.6106	8.7000	AID30683
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	1,000.0000	0.0008	1.5416	20.0000	AID145514
Choline O-acetyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	802.7000	0.0053	0.0053	0.0053	AID30242
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Mus musculus (house mouse)	IC50 (µMol)	1,000.0000	0.0040	0.0040	0.0040	AID145514
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5	Mus musculus (house mouse)	IC50 (µMol)	1,000.0000	0.0040	0.0040	0.0040	AID145514
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-3	Mus musculus (house mouse)	IC50 (µMol)	1,000.0000	0.0040	0.0040	0.0040	AID145514
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4	Mus musculus (house mouse)	IC50 (µMol)	1,000.0000	0.0040	0.6020	1.2000	AID145514
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3	Mus musculus (house mouse)	IC50 (µMol)	1,000.0000	0.0040	0.0040	0.0040	AID145514
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2	Mus musculus (house mouse)	IC50 (µMol)	1,000.0000	0.0040	0.0040	0.0040	AID145514
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2	Mus musculus (house mouse)	IC50 (µMol)	1,000.0000	0.0040	0.6020	1.2000	AID145514
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6	Mus musculus (house mouse)	IC50 (µMol)	1,000.0000	0.0040	0.0817	0.3110	AID145514
Transporter	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	1,000.0000	0.0008	1.9562	8.8000	AID145514
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	281.3333	0.0080	1.7750	5.3000	AID1385716; AID1385719; AID1385722; AID1385725; AID710208; AID710210
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)	Kdiss	83.7500	5.0000	5.0000	5.0000	AID1859548; AID1859550; AID1859552; AID1859575
Acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	KR	6.0000	3.0000	4.5000	6.0000	AID302661
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
xenobiotic metabolic process	Cholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
learning	Cholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Cholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
neuroblast differentiation	Cholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide hormone processing	Cholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to alkaloid	Cholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
cocaine metabolic process	Cholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission	Cholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to glucocorticoid	Cholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to folic acid	Cholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
choline metabolic process	Cholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine catabolic process	Cholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine catabolic process in synaptic cleft	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of receptor recycling	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
osteoblast development	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine catabolic process	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
nervous system development	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse assembly	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor internalization	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid precursor protein metabolic process	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein secretion	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
retina development in camera-type eye	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
monoamine transport	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transport	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
response to pain	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine uptake	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasis	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid transport	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine transport	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transmembrane transport	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
amyloid-beta binding	Cholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
catalytic activity	Cholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholinesterase activity	Cholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
cholinesterase activity	Cholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Cholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds	Cholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Cholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
choline binding	Cholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Cholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta binding	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholinesterase activity	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
cholinesterase activity	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen binding	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
hydrolase activity	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
serine hydrolase activity	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine binding	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
laminin binding	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta binding	Acetylcholinesterase	Bos taurus (cattle)
protein binding	Acetylcholinesterase	Bos taurus (cattle)
actin binding	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter activity	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine:sodium symporter activity	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine:sodium symporter activity	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
monoamine transmembrane transporter activity	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-tubulin binding	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
beta-tubulin binding	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
extracellular region	Cholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope lumen	Cholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumen	Cholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
blood microparticle	Cholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Cholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Cholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
basement membrane	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular junction	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic cleft	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
side of membrane	Acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Acetylcholinesterase	Bos taurus (cattle)
side of membrane	Acetylcholinesterase	Bos taurus (cattle)
plasma membrane	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body membrane	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (211)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1385720	Reactivation of NIMP-inhibited human recombinant AChE assessed as enzyme reactivation by measuring Kr/KD ratio incubated for 1 to 10 mins by spectrophotometry based Ellman's assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-13, Volume: 61, Issue:17	Structure-Based Optimization of Nonquaternary Reactivators of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Organophosphorus Nerve Agents.
AID301221	Reactivation of 0.1 uM tabun-inhibited rat brain AchE	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 15, Issue:21	Monooxime reactivators of acetylcholinesterase with (E)-but-2-ene linker: preparation and reactivation of tabun- and paraoxon-inhibited acetylcholinesterase.
AID1414506	Reactivation of tabun-inhibited human erythrocytic AChE using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate by Ellman spectrophotometric method relative to control	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Pyridinium Oximes with Ortho-Positioned Chlorine Moiety Exhibit Improved Physicochemical Properties and Efficient Reactivation of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Several Nerve Agents.
AID30843	Effective rate constant for reactivation of GD-inhibited AChE activity in eel	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 32, Issue:2	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 2. Preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 1-(alkoxymethyl)-2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-3-methylimida zolium halides for reactivation of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterases.
AID552416	Reactivation of POX-mediated inactive human recombinant AChE at 10 uM after 15 mins by Ellman's method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 19, Issue:2	Mono-oxime bisquaternary acetylcholinesterase reactivators with prop-1,3-diyl linkage-Preparation, in vitro screening and molecular docking.
AID1826695	Reactivation of NIMP-inhibited recombinant His-TEV-tagged human AChE expressed in CHO-K1 cells assessed as reactivation constant, Kr2 by measuring thiophenol levels by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-24, Volume: 65, Issue:6	A New Class of Bi- and Trifunctional Sugar Oximes as Antidotes against Organophosphorus Poisoning.
AID1859561	Reactivation of VX induced inhibition of recombinant human AChE assessed as second-order reactivation rate constant using ATCh as substrate by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID1385714	Inhibition of human recombinant AChE by spectrophotometry based Ellman's assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-13, Volume: 61, Issue:17	Structure-Based Optimization of Nonquaternary Reactivators of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Organophosphorus Nerve Agents.
AID1859570	Reactivation of cyclosarin induced inhibition of recombinant human AChE assessed as time needed to achieve maximal reactivation using ATCh as substrate at 100 uM incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID1859597	Reactivation of sarin induced inhibition of BChE in human plasma assessed as time needed to achieve maximal reactivation using ATCh as substrate at 1 mM incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID1859599	Reactivation of VX induced inhibition of BChE in human plasma assessed as time needed to achieve maximal re activation using ATCh as substrate at 1 mM incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID1826693	Reactivation of NIMP-inhibited recombinant His-TEV-tagged human AChE expressed in CHO-K1 cells assessed as reactivation constant, Kr by measuring thiophenol levels by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-24, Volume: 65, Issue:6	A New Class of Bi- and Trifunctional Sugar Oximes as Antidotes against Organophosphorus Poisoning.
AID117071	LD50 value determined intramuscularly in mouse	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 34, Issue:4	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 4. Effect of various side-chain substituents on therapeutic activity against anticholinesterase intoxication.
AID451157	Reactivation of paraoxon-inhibited house fly AChE activity at 5 mM after 1 hr by Ellman's method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 17, Issue:17	Fluorinated pyridinium oximes as potential reactivators for acetylcholinesterases inhibited by paraoxon organophosphorus agent.
AID1076760	Reactivation of OP-inactivated human plasma BChE using acetylthiocholine as substrate at 0.67 mM by spectrophotometric analysis	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-27, Volume: 57, Issue:4	Imidazole aldoximes effective in assisting butyrylcholinesterase catalysis of organophosphate detoxification.
AID1385718	Reactivation of NIMP-inhibited human recombinant AChE assessed as reactivation rate constant incubated for 1 to 10 mins by spectrophotometry based Ellman's assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-13, Volume: 61, Issue:17	Structure-Based Optimization of Nonquaternary Reactivators of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Organophosphorus Nerve Agents.
AID1140216	Acidic dissociation constant, pKa of the compound in phosphate/tris/glycine-NaOH containing buffer by UV-vis spectrophotometric analysis	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 22, Issue:9	Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of bis-quaternary 2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(pyridin-3-yl)acetamide derivatives as reactivators against sarin and VX inhibited human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE).
AID1826708	Permeability coefficient of compound in human BLEC monolayers assessed as radiolabeled 14C-D-glucose levels at 50 uM incubated for 1 hr by mass spectroscopy followed by scintillation counting method	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-24, Volume: 65, Issue:6	A New Class of Bi- and Trifunctional Sugar Oximes as Antidotes against Organophosphorus Poisoning.
AID552414	Reactivation of GA-mediated inactive human recombinant AChE at 10 uM after 15 mins by Ellman's method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 19, Issue:2	Mono-oxime bisquaternary acetylcholinesterase reactivators with prop-1,3-diyl linkage-Preparation, in vitro screening and molecular docking.
AID1826692	Reactivation of NEMP-inhibited recombinant His-TEV-tagged human AChE expressed in CHO-K1 cells assessed as reactivation constant, Kr2 by measuring thiophenol levels by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-24, Volume: 65, Issue:6	A New Class of Bi- and Trifunctional Sugar Oximes as Antidotes against Organophosphorus Poisoning.
AID710211	Reactivation of VX-inhibited human AChE assessed as reactivation rate constant	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-13, Volume: 55, Issue:23	Phenyltetrahydroisoquinoline-pyridinaldoxime conjugates as efficient uncharged reactivators for the dephosphylation of inhibited human acetylcholinesterase.
AID68458	The compound was tested for % of maximum reactivation for GD-inhibited Eel AChE (Acetylcholinesterase) by oximes	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Structure-activity relationships for reactivators of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterase: quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole.
AID30242	Compound was tested for the competitive inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 32, Issue:2	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 2. Preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 1-(alkoxymethyl)-2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-3-methylimida zolium halides for reactivation of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterases.
AID31639	Reactivation of para-nitrophenyl methylphosphate (EPMP)-phosphonylated human erythrocyte AChE at pH 7.6	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 29, Issue:9	Nonquaternary cholinesterase reactivators. 4. Dialkylaminoalkyl thioesters of alpha-keto thiohydroximic acids as reactivators of ethyl methylphosphonyl- and 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl methylphosphonyl-acetylcholinesterase in vitro.
AID1859577	Reactivation of sarin induced inhibition of BChE in human plasma assessed as first-order reactivation rate constant using ATCh as substrate incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID1826691	Reactivation of NEMP-inhibited recombinant His-TEV-tagged human AChE expressed in CHO-K1 cells assessed as reactivation constant, KD by measuring thiophenol levels by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-24, Volume: 65, Issue:6	A New Class of Bi- and Trifunctional Sugar Oximes as Antidotes against Organophosphorus Poisoning.
AID1414481	Reactivation of cyclosarin-inhibited human recombinant AChE using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate by Ellman spectrophotometric method relative to control	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Pyridinium Oximes with Ortho-Positioned Chlorine Moiety Exhibit Improved Physicochemical Properties and Efficient Reactivation of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Several Nerve Agents.
AID30836	Bimolecular reactivation rate constant	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 32, Issue:2	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 2. Preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 1-(alkoxymethyl)-2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-3-methylimida zolium halides for reactivation of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterases.
AID89258	Concentration of the HOX that inhibits 50% of AChE (Acetylcholinesterase) activity	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Structure-activity relationships for reactivators of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterase: quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole.
AID25804	Bimolecular rate constant (kn) for reaction of the anionic (oximate) with 7.5 x 10 e-4 M acetylthiocholine (AcSCh) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 29, Issue:9	Nonquaternary cholinesterase reactivators. 4. Dialkylaminoalkyl thioesters of alpha-keto thiohydroximic acids as reactivators of ethyl methylphosphonyl- and 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl methylphosphonyl-acetylcholinesterase in vitro.
AID364614	Reactivation of 10 uM paraoxon inhibited AChE in rat brain homogenate	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 16, Issue:17	Monoquaternary pyridinium salts with modified side chain-synthesis and evaluation on model of tabun- and paraoxon-inhibited acetylcholinesterase.
AID1414491	Reactivation of tabun-inhibited human recombinant AChE using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate by Ellman spectrophotometric method relative to control	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Pyridinium Oximes with Ortho-Positioned Chlorine Moiety Exhibit Improved Physicochemical Properties and Efficient Reactivation of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Several Nerve Agents.
AID301888	Reactivation of diisopropyl fluorophosphate inhibited bovine RBC AChE	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 15, Issue:24	New oxime reactivators connected with CH2O(CH2)nOCH2 linker and their reactivation potency for organophosphorus agents-inhibited acetylcholinesterase.
AID30683	Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in bovine erythrocyte(RBC)	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 32, Issue:2	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 2. Preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 1-(alkoxymethyl)-2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-3-methylimida zolium halides for reactivation of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterases.
AID1859579	Reactivation of VX induced inhibition of BChE in human plasma assessed as first-order reactivation rate constant using ATCh as substrate incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID271559	Reactivation of VX-inhibited AChE in rat brain homogenate at 1000 uM	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 16, Issue:18	Bis-pyridiumaldoxime reactivators connected with CH2O(CH2)n OCH2 linkers between pyridinium rings and their reactivity against VX.
AID31635	Maximum reactivation for GD-inhibited human erythrocyte (RBC) AChE by oximes	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 29, Issue:9	Nonquaternary cholinesterase reactivators. 4. Dialkylaminoalkyl thioesters of alpha-keto thiohydroximic acids as reactivators of ethyl methylphosphonyl- and 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl methylphosphonyl-acetylcholinesterase in vitro.
AID1385726	Reactivation of ethyl paraoxon-inhibited human recombinant AChE assessed as enzyme reactivation by measuring Kr/KD ratio incubated for 1 to 10 mins by spectrophotometry based Ellman's assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-13, Volume: 61, Issue:17	Structure-Based Optimization of Nonquaternary Reactivators of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Organophosphorus Nerve Agents.
AID650702	Binding affinity to AChE in rat brain homogenate	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-12, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Amidine-oximes: reactivators for organophosphate exposure.
AID1414522	Reactivation of VX-inhibited human recombinant AChE using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate assessed as time required for maximal percentage of reactivation at 1 mM by Ellman spectrophotometric method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Pyridinium Oximes with Ortho-Positioned Chlorine Moiety Exhibit Improved Physicochemical Properties and Efficient Reactivation of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Several Nerve Agents.
AID1414472	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human plasma BChE to Ki for recombinant human AChE	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Pyridinium Oximes with Ortho-Positioned Chlorine Moiety Exhibit Improved Physicochemical Properties and Efficient Reactivation of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Several Nerve Agents.
AID710204	Reactivation of tabun-inhibited human AChE assessed as reactivation rate constant at 5 mM	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-13, Volume: 55, Issue:23	Phenyltetrahydroisoquinoline-pyridinaldoxime conjugates as efficient uncharged reactivators for the dephosphylation of inhibited human acetylcholinesterase.
AID260332	Reactivation potency against inhibited AChE from rat brain homogenate at 1 mM	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb, Volume: 16, Issue:3	Synthesis of the novel series of bispyridinium compounds bearing (E)-but-2-ene linker and evaluation of their reactivation activity against chlorpyrifos-inhibited acetylcholinesterase.
AID1859544	Reactivation of VX induced inhibition of recombinant human AChE assessed as maximal first-order reactivation rate constant using ATCh as substrate by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID1859572	Reactivation of VX induced inhibition of recombinant human AChE assessed as maximal achieved reactivation using ATCh as substrate at 100 uM incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method relative to control	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID1859571	Reactivation of VX induced inhibition of recombinant human AChE assessed as maximal first-order reactivation rate constant using ATCh as substrate at 100 uM incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID1414477	Reactivation of sarin-inhibited human recombinant AChE using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate by Ellman spectrophotometric method relative to control	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Pyridinium Oximes with Ortho-Positioned Chlorine Moiety Exhibit Improved Physicochemical Properties and Efficient Reactivation of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Several Nerve Agents.
AID1859590	Reactivation of cyclosarin induced inhibition of BChE in human plasma assessed as maximal first-order reactivation rate constant using ATCh as substrate at 1 mM incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID552418	Reactivation of MePOX-mediated inactive human recombinant AChE at 10 uM after 15 mins by Ellman's method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 19, Issue:2	Mono-oxime bisquaternary acetylcholinesterase reactivators with prop-1,3-diyl linkage-Preparation, in vitro screening and molecular docking.
AID1859569	Reactivation of cyclosarin induced inhibition of recombinant human AChE assessed as maximal achieved reactivation using ATCh as substrate at 100 uM incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method relative to control	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID118252	Antidotal activity measured in mice exposed to tabun; activity expressed as the no. of survivors at 24 hr out of population of 10 mice each exposed intramuscularly at the dose 1/16 of 2LD50 of the compound	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 34, Issue:4	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 5. Structure-activity relationships for side-chain nitro-, sulfone-, amino-, and aminosulfonyl-substituted analogues for therapy against anticholinesterase intoxication.
AID25780	Biomolecular rate constant for reactivation and measure of the inherent reactivity of the oximate form of the reactivator at the concentration 30 uM [HOX] in the conditions of 25degreeC,pH 7.6	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Structure-activity relationships for reactivators of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterase: quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole.
AID1076756	Reactivation of VX OP-inactivated human plasma BChE assessed as reactivation rate constant using acetylthiocholine as substrate at 0.67 mM by spectrophotometric analysis	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-27, Volume: 57, Issue:4	Imidazole aldoximes effective in assisting butyrylcholinesterase catalysis of organophosphate detoxification.
AID31032	Concentration required to inhibit 50% of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in human erythrocyte(RBC).	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 32, Issue:2	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 2. Preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 1-(alkoxymethyl)-2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-3-methylimida zolium halides for reactivation of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterases.
AID1414484	Reactivation of VX-inhibited human recombinant AChE using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate assessed as dissociation constant of conjugated enzyme-oxime complex by Ellman spectrophotometric method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Pyridinium Oximes with Ortho-Positioned Chlorine Moiety Exhibit Improved Physicochemical Properties and Efficient Reactivation of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Several Nerve Agents.
AID134320	Protective index was expressed as LD50 with oxime/LD50 without oxime	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 32, Issue:2	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 2. Preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 1-(alkoxymethyl)-2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-3-methylimida zolium halides for reactivation of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterases.
AID1385724	Reactivation of ethyl paraoxon-inhibited human recombinant AChE assessed as reactivation rate constant incubated for 1 to 10 mins by spectrophotometry based Ellman's assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-13, Volume: 61, Issue:17	Structure-Based Optimization of Nonquaternary Reactivators of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Organophosphorus Nerve Agents.
AID1859552	Reactivation of VX induced inhibition of recombinant human AChE assessed as dissociation constant using ATCh as substrate by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID1385717	Reactivation of VX-inhibited human recombinant AChE assessed as enzyme reactivation by measuring Kr/KD ratio incubated for 1 to 10 mins by spectrophotometry based Ellman's assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-13, Volume: 61, Issue:17	Structure-Based Optimization of Nonquaternary Reactivators of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Organophosphorus Nerve Agents.
AID276245	Reactivation of tabun inhibited AChE from rat brain at 1 mM	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 16, Issue:21	Synthesis of asymmetrical bispyridinium compounds bearing cyano-moiety and evaluation of their reactivation activity against tabun and paraoxon-inhibited acetylcholinesterase.
AID32125	In vitro dissociation constant of rat brain Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor reactivator complex was determined	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-20, Volume: 13, Issue:20	Synthesis of a new reactivator of tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase.
AID1859591	Reactivation of VX induced inhibition of BChE in human plasma assessed as maximal first-order reactivation rate constant using ATCh as substrate at 1 mM incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID1859600	Reactivation of tabun induced inhibition of BChE in human plasma assessed as time needed to achieve maximal reactivation using ATCh as substrate at 1 mM incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID1414517	Dissociation constant, pKa of the compound by spectrophotometry	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Pyridinium Oximes with Ortho-Positioned Chlorine Moiety Exhibit Improved Physicochemical Properties and Efficient Reactivation of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Several Nerve Agents.
AID1826694	Reactivation of NIMP-inhibited recombinant His-TEV-tagged human AChE expressed in CHO-K1 cells assessed as reactivation constant, KD by measuring thiophenol levels by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-24, Volume: 65, Issue:6	A New Class of Bi- and Trifunctional Sugar Oximes as Antidotes against Organophosphorus Poisoning.
AID1385715	Reactivation of VX-inhibited human recombinant AChE assessed as reactivation rate constant incubated for 1 to 10 mins by spectrophotometry based Ellman's assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-13, Volume: 61, Issue:17	Structure-Based Optimization of Nonquaternary Reactivators of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Organophosphorus Nerve Agents.
AID1414474	Reactivation of sarin-inhibited human recombinant AChE using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate assessed as maximal first-order reactivation rate by Ellman spectrophotometric method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Pyridinium Oximes with Ortho-Positioned Chlorine Moiety Exhibit Improved Physicochemical Properties and Efficient Reactivation of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Several Nerve Agents.
AID23685	Partition coefficient (LogD7.6)	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 29, Issue:9	Nonquaternary cholinesterase reactivators. 4. Dialkylaminoalkyl thioesters of alpha-keto thiohydroximic acids as reactivators of ethyl methylphosphonyl- and 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl methylphosphonyl-acetylcholinesterase in vitro.
AID1826699	Reactivation of PARAOXON-inhibited recombinant His-TEV-tagged human AChE expressed in CHO-K1 cells assessed as reactivation constant, Kr by measuring thiophenol levels by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-24, Volume: 65, Issue:6	A New Class of Bi- and Trifunctional Sugar Oximes as Antidotes against Organophosphorus Poisoning.
AID135977	Number of surviving mice was calculated after the administration of 11.2 mg/kg of atropine sulfate, 1/16 LD50 of drug with 2-PAMCl used as base line	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 32, Issue:2	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 3. Synthesis and evaluation of (alkenyloxy)-, (alkynyloxy)-, and (aralkyloxy)methyl quaternarized 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-1-alkylimidazolium halides as reactivators and therapy for soman intoxication
AID276248	Reactivation of paraoxon inhibited AChE from rat brain at 0.1 uM	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 16, Issue:21	Synthesis of asymmetrical bispyridinium compounds bearing cyano-moiety and evaluation of their reactivation activity against tabun and paraoxon-inhibited acetylcholinesterase.
AID1414489	Reactivation of tabun-inhibited human recombinant AChE using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate assessed as dissociation constant of conjugated enzyme-oxime complex by Ellman spectrophotometric method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Pyridinium Oximes with Ortho-Positioned Chlorine Moiety Exhibit Improved Physicochemical Properties and Efficient Reactivation of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Several Nerve Agents.
AID141409	Compound was tested for the binding affinity towards muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in mouse brain membrane	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 32, Issue:2	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 2. Preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 1-(alkoxymethyl)-2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-3-methylimida zolium halides for reactivation of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterases.
AID1859540	Reactivation of sarin induced inhibition of recombinant human AChE assessed as maximal first-order reactivation rate constant using ATCh as substrate by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID30845	Bimolecular reactivation rate constant	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 32, Issue:2	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 2. Preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 1-(alkoxymethyl)-2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-3-methylimida zolium halides for reactivation of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterases.
AID307192	Reactivation of 1000 uM tabun-induced inhibition of AChE in rat brain at pH 7.6 after 10 mins	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 17, Issue:11	Novel series of bispyridinium compounds bearing a (Z)-but-2-ene linker--synthesis and evaluation of their reactivation activity against tabun and paraoxon-inhibited acetylcholinesterase.
AID1529749	Reactivation of paraoxon-inhibited electric eel AChE assessed as residual activity at 1 uM using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate preincubated for 30 mins followed by substrate addition and measured every 3 mins for 15 mins relative to control	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 28, Issue:23-24	Novel tacrine-pyridinium hybrid reactivators of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterase: Synthesis, molecular docking, and in vitro reactivation study.
AID364613	Reactivation of 1000 uM paraoxon inhibited AChE in rat brain homogenate	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 16, Issue:17	Monoquaternary pyridinium salts with modified side chain-synthesis and evaluation on model of tabun- and paraoxon-inhibited acetylcholinesterase.
AID1859559	Reactivation of cyclosarin induced inhibition of recombinant human AChE assessed as second-order reactivation rate constant using ATCh as substrate by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID710202	Binding affinity to tabun-human AChE complex at 5 mM	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-13, Volume: 55, Issue:23	Phenyltetrahydroisoquinoline-pyridinaldoxime conjugates as efficient uncharged reactivators for the dephosphylation of inhibited human acetylcholinesterase.
AID710210	Binding affinity to VX-human AChE complex	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-13, Volume: 55, Issue:23	Phenyltetrahydroisoquinoline-pyridinaldoxime conjugates as efficient uncharged reactivators for the dephosphylation of inhibited human acetylcholinesterase.
AID1385721	Reactivation of tabun-inhibited human recombinant AChE assessed as reactivation rate constant incubated for 1 to 10 mins by spectrophotometry based Ellman's assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-13, Volume: 61, Issue:17	Structure-Based Optimization of Nonquaternary Reactivators of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Organophosphorus Nerve Agents.
AID30840	Compound was tested for the competitive inhibition of phosphorylation of Eel acetylcholinesterase (AChE)	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 32, Issue:2	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 2. Preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 1-(alkoxymethyl)-2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-3-methylimida zolium halides for reactivation of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterases.
AID32127	Bimolecular constants of reactivation was determined by its ability to reactivate tabun-inhibited AchE.	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-20, Volume: 13, Issue:20	Synthesis of a new reactivator of tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase.
AID1859586	Reactivation of cyclosarin induced inhibition of BChE in human plasma assessed as second-order rate constant using ATCh as substrate incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID1414473	Reactivation of cyclosarin-inhibited human recombinant AChE using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate assessed as maximal first-order reactivation rate by Ellman spectrophotometric method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Pyridinium Oximes with Ortho-Positioned Chlorine Moiety Exhibit Improved Physicochemical Properties and Efficient Reactivation of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Several Nerve Agents.
AID120777	antidotal activity was measured against soman in mice and activity expressed as the no. of survivors noted at 24 hr out of population of 10 mice each exposed intramuscularly at the dose 1/64 of 2LD50 of the compound	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 34, Issue:4	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 4. Effect of various side-chain substituents on therapeutic activity against anticholinesterase intoxication.
AID392539	Reactivation of paraoxon-inhibited house fly AChE at 5 mM after 1 hr	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 19, Issue:4	Reactivation potency of fluorinated pyridinium oximes for acetylcholinesterases inhibited by paraoxon organophosphorus agent.
AID25774	Effective biomolecular rate constant at the concentration 30 uM [HOX] in the conditions of 25degreeC,pH 7.6	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Structure-activity relationships for reactivators of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterase: quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole.
AID1414492	Reactivation of tabun-inhibited human recombinant AChE using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate assessed as time required for maximal percentage of reactivation by Ellman spectrophotometric method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Pyridinium Oximes with Ortho-Positioned Chlorine Moiety Exhibit Improved Physicochemical Properties and Efficient Reactivation of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Several Nerve Agents.
AID31647	Bimolecular reactivation rate constant	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 32, Issue:2	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 2. Preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 1-(alkoxymethyl)-2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-3-methylimida zolium halides for reactivation of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterases.
AID392540	Reactivation of paraoxon-inhibited bovine red blood cellular AChE at 5 mM after 1 hr	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 19, Issue:4	Reactivation potency of fluorinated pyridinium oximes for acetylcholinesterases inhibited by paraoxon organophosphorus agent.
AID135980	Number of surviving mice was calculated after the administration of 25 mg/kg compound and 11.2 mg/kg of atropine sulfate and 25 mg/kg (1/4LD50) of 2-PAMCl	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 32, Issue:2	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 3. Synthesis and evaluation of (alkenyloxy)-, (alkynyloxy)-, and (aralkyloxy)methyl quaternarized 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-1-alkylimidazolium halides as reactivators and therapy for soman intoxication
AID1859565	Reactivation of sarin induced inhibition of recombinant human AChE assessed as maximal first-order reactivation rate constant using ATCh as substrate at 100 uM incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID1859573	Reactivation of VX induced inhibition of recombinant human AChE assessed as time needed to achieve maximal reactivation using ATCh as substrate at 100 uM incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID1859584	Reactivation of tabun induced inhibition of BChE in human plasma assessed as dissociation constant using ATCh as substrate incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID1076757	Reactivation of cyclosarin OP-inactivated human plasma BChE assessed as reactivation rate constant using acetylthiocholine as substrate at 0.67 mM by spectrophotometric analysis	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-27, Volume: 57, Issue:4	Imidazole aldoximes effective in assisting butyrylcholinesterase catalysis of organophosphate detoxification.
AID1859583	Reactivation of VX induced inhibition of BChE in human plasma assessed as dissociation constant using ATCh as substrate incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID136845	Compound was tested for protection of mice against ethyl p-nitrophenyl methylphosphonate (EPMP) at 3000 ug/kg plus 20 mg/kg atropine sulfate, of 77 mg/Kg (1/4 LD50); 7/8	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 32, Issue:2	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 2. Preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 1-(alkoxymethyl)-2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-3-methylimida zolium halides for reactivation of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterases.
AID1859567	Reactivation of sarin induced inhibition of recombinant human AChE assessed as time needed to achieve maximal reactivation using ATCh as substrate at 100 uM incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID1859598	Reactivation of cyclosarin induced inhibition of BChE in human plasma assessed as time needed to achieve maximal reactivation using ATCh as substrate at 1 mM incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID25346	Dissociation constant (pKa) (for oxime acid)	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 29, Issue:9	Nonquaternary cholinesterase reactivators. 4. Dialkylaminoalkyl thioesters of alpha-keto thiohydroximic acids as reactivators of ethyl methylphosphonyl- and 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl methylphosphonyl-acetylcholinesterase in vitro.
AID1414478	Reactivation of sarin-inhibited human recombinant AChE using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate assessed as time required for maximal percentage of reactivation by Ellman spectrophotometric method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Pyridinium Oximes with Ortho-Positioned Chlorine Moiety Exhibit Improved Physicochemical Properties and Efficient Reactivation of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Several Nerve Agents.
AID1414476	Reactivation of sarin-inhibited human recombinant AChE using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate assessed as overall second-order reactivation rate by Ellman spectrophotometric method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Pyridinium Oximes with Ortho-Positioned Chlorine Moiety Exhibit Improved Physicochemical Properties and Efficient Reactivation of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Several Nerve Agents.
AID301220	Reactivation of 1 mM paraoxon-inhibited rat brain AchE	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 15, Issue:21	Monooxime reactivators of acetylcholinesterase with (E)-but-2-ene linker: preparation and reactivation of tabun- and paraoxon-inhibited acetylcholinesterase.
AID1859575	Reactivation of tabun induced inhibition of recombinant human AChE assessed as maximal achieved reactivation using ATCh as substrate at 100 uM incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID1826698	Reactivation of NEDPA-inhibited recombinant His-TEV-tagged human AChE expressed in CHO-K1 cells assessed as reactivation constant, Kr2 by measuring thiophenol levels by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-24, Volume: 65, Issue:6	A New Class of Bi- and Trifunctional Sugar Oximes as Antidotes against Organophosphorus Poisoning.
AID307195	Reactivation of 10 uM paraoxon-induced inhibition of AChE in rat brain at pH 7.6 after 10 mins	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 17, Issue:11	Novel series of bispyridinium compounds bearing a (Z)-but-2-ene linker--synthesis and evaluation of their reactivation activity against tabun and paraoxon-inhibited acetylcholinesterase.
AID1859557	Reactivation of sarin induced inhibition of recombinant human AChE assessed as second-order reactivation rate constant using ATCh as substrate by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID1385725	Reactivation of ethyl paraoxon-inhibited human recombinant AChE assessed as dissociation constant of inhibited enzyme-compound complex incubated for 1 to 10 mins by spectrophotometry based Ellman's assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-13, Volume: 61, Issue:17	Structure-Based Optimization of Nonquaternary Reactivators of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Organophosphorus Nerve Agents.
AID30841	Percentage of maximum reactivation of GD-inhibited AChE activity in eel	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 32, Issue:2	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 2. Preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 1-(alkoxymethyl)-2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-3-methylimida zolium halides for reactivation of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterases.
AID1414475	Reactivation of sarin-inhibited human recombinant AChE using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate assessed as dissociation constant of conjugated enzyme-oxime complex by Ellman spectrophotometric method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Pyridinium Oximes with Ortho-Positioned Chlorine Moiety Exhibit Improved Physicochemical Properties and Efficient Reactivation of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Several Nerve Agents.
AID1859595	Reactivation of VX induced inhibition of BChE in human plasma assessed as maximal achieved reactivation using ATCh as substrate at 1 mM incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method relative to control	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID135979	Number of surviving mice was calculated after the administration of 11.2 mg/kg of atropine sulfate, 1/8 LD50 of drug with 2-PAMCl used as base line	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 32, Issue:2	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 3. Synthesis and evaluation of (alkenyloxy)-, (alkynyloxy)-, and (aralkyloxy)methyl quaternarized 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-1-alkylimidazolium halides as reactivators and therapy for soman intoxication
AID302658	Reactivation activity of tabun-inhibited AChE in rat brain at 100 uM after 30 mins	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 50, Issue:22	Design of a potent reactivator of tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase--synthesis and evaluation of (E)-1-(4-carbamoylpyridinium)-4-(4-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium)-but-2-ene dibromide (K203).
AID260333	Reactivation potency against inhibited AChE from rat brain homogenate at 0.01 mM	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb, Volume: 16, Issue:3	Synthesis of the novel series of bispyridinium compounds bearing (E)-but-2-ene linker and evaluation of their reactivation activity against chlorpyrifos-inhibited acetylcholinesterase.
AID1826696	Reactivation of NEDPA-inhibited recombinant His-TEV-tagged human AChE expressed in CHO-K1 cells assessed as reactivation constant, Kr by measuring thiophenol levels by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-24, Volume: 65, Issue:6	A New Class of Bi- and Trifunctional Sugar Oximes as Antidotes against Organophosphorus Poisoning.
AID1414480	Reactivation of cyclosarin-inhibited human recombinant AChE using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate assessed as overall second-order reactivation rate by Ellman spectrophotometric method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Pyridinium Oximes with Ortho-Positioned Chlorine Moiety Exhibit Improved Physicochemical Properties and Efficient Reactivation of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Several Nerve Agents.
AID552417	Reactivation of MePOX-mediated inactive human recombinant AChE at 100 uM after 15 mins by Ellman's method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 19, Issue:2	Mono-oxime bisquaternary acetylcholinesterase reactivators with prop-1,3-diyl linkage-Preparation, in vitro screening and molecular docking.
AID1859593	Reactivation of sarin induced inhibition of BChE in human plasma assessed as maximal achieved reactivation using ATCh as substrate at 1 mM incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method relative to control	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID710212	Reactivation of VX-inhibited human AChE assessed as bimolecular reactivation rate constant	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-13, Volume: 55, Issue:23	Phenyltetrahydroisoquinoline-pyridinaldoxime conjugates as efficient uncharged reactivators for the dephosphylation of inhibited human acetylcholinesterase.
AID302661	Binding affinity to tabun-inhibited AChE	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 50, Issue:22	Design of a potent reactivator of tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase--synthesis and evaluation of (E)-1-(4-carbamoylpyridinium)-4-(4-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium)-but-2-ene dibromide (K203).
AID307193	Reactivation of 10 uM tabun-induced inhibition of AChE in rat brain at pH 7.6 after 10 mins	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 17, Issue:11	Novel series of bispyridinium compounds bearing a (Z)-but-2-ene linker--synthesis and evaluation of their reactivation activity against tabun and paraoxon-inhibited acetylcholinesterase.
AID710206	Reactivation of paraoxon-inhibited human AChE assessed as reactivation rate constant	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-13, Volume: 55, Issue:23	Phenyltetrahydroisoquinoline-pyridinaldoxime conjugates as efficient uncharged reactivators for the dephosphylation of inhibited human acetylcholinesterase.
AID271560	Reactivation of VX-inhibited AChE in rat brain homogenate at 10 uM	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 16, Issue:18	Bis-pyridiumaldoxime reactivators connected with CH2O(CH2)n OCH2 linkers between pyridinium rings and their reactivity against VX.
AID1859580	Reactivation of tabun induced inhibition of BChE in human plasma assessed as first-order reactivation rate constant using ATCh as substrate incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID1529747	Inhibition of electric eel AChE assessed as remaining enzyme activity at 1 uM using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate preincubated for 30 mins followed by substrate addition and measured every 3 mins for 15 mins relative to control	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-15, Volume: 28, Issue:23-24	Novel tacrine-pyridinium hybrid reactivators of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterase: Synthesis, molecular docking, and in vitro reactivation study.
AID1414485	Reactivation of VX-inhibited human recombinant AChE using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate assessed as overall second-order reactivation rate by Ellman spectrophotometric method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Pyridinium Oximes with Ortho-Positioned Chlorine Moiety Exhibit Improved Physicochemical Properties and Efficient Reactivation of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Several Nerve Agents.
AID32126	First-order rate constant for acetylcholinesterase was determined in vitro in rat brain	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-20, Volume: 13, Issue:20	Synthesis of a new reactivator of tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase.
AID1826703	Protective index of reactivation of NEMP-inhibited AChE in Swiss mouse at 100 umol/kg, ip treated for 1 min after paraoxon exposure by Dixon's up-and-down method relative to paraoxon alone	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-24, Volume: 65, Issue:6	A New Class of Bi- and Trifunctional Sugar Oximes as Antidotes against Organophosphorus Poisoning.
AID552419	Reactivation of DEP-mediated inactive human recombinant AChE at 100 uM after 15 mins by Ellman's method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 19, Issue:2	Mono-oxime bisquaternary acetylcholinesterase reactivators with prop-1,3-diyl linkage-Preparation, in vitro screening and molecular docking.
AID1859594	Reactivation of cyclosarin induced inhibition of BChE in human plasma assessed as maximal achieved reactivation using ATCh as substrate at 1 mM incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method relative to control	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID1414468	Dissociation constant, pKa of the compound at pH 4.6 to 9.2 by spectrophotometry	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Pyridinium Oximes with Ortho-Positioned Chlorine Moiety Exhibit Improved Physicochemical Properties and Efficient Reactivation of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Several Nerve Agents.
AID650703	Reactivation of sarin-inhibited AChE in rat brain homogenate assessed as reactivation constant incubated for 10 mins post sarin treatment	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-12, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Amidine-oximes: reactivators for organophosphate exposure.
AID136849	Compound was tested for protection of mice against ethyl p-nitrophenyl methylphosphonate (EPMP) at 5000 ug/kg plus 20 mg/kg atropine sulfate, of 77 mg/Kg (1/4 LD50); 5/8	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 32, Issue:2	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 2. Preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 1-(alkoxymethyl)-2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-3-methylimida zolium halides for reactivation of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterases.
AID1826702	Protective index of reactivation of PARAOXON-inhibited AChE in Swiss mouse at 100 umol/kg, ip treated for 1 min after paraoxon exposure by Dixon's up-and-down method relative to paraoxon alone	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-24, Volume: 65, Issue:6	A New Class of Bi- and Trifunctional Sugar Oximes as Antidotes against Organophosphorus Poisoning.
AID710203	Reactivation of tabun-inhibited human AChE assessed as bimolecular reactivation rate constant at 5 mM	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-13, Volume: 55, Issue:23	Phenyltetrahydroisoquinoline-pyridinaldoxime conjugates as efficient uncharged reactivators for the dephosphylation of inhibited human acetylcholinesterase.
AID1414471	Reversible inhibition of human plasma BChE using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate by Ellman spectrophotometric method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Pyridinium Oximes with Ortho-Positioned Chlorine Moiety Exhibit Improved Physicochemical Properties and Efficient Reactivation of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Several Nerve Agents.
AID1826690	Reactivation of NEMP-inhibited recombinant His-TEV-tagged human AChE expressed in CHO-K1 cells assessed as reactivation constant, Kr by measuring thiophenol levels by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-24, Volume: 65, Issue:6	A New Class of Bi- and Trifunctional Sugar Oximes as Antidotes against Organophosphorus Poisoning.
AID30834	Effective rate constant for AChE reactivation	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 32, Issue:2	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 2. Preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 1-(alkoxymethyl)-2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-3-methylimida zolium halides for reactivation of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterases.
AID451161	Reactivation of organophosphate-inhibited AChE activity in bovine red blood cell at 5 mM by Ellman's method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 17, Issue:17	Fluorinated pyridinium oximes as potential reactivators for acetylcholinesterases inhibited by paraoxon organophosphorus agent.
AID1414495	Cytotoxicity against human SH-SY5Y cells assessed as reduction in cell viability up to 800 uM after 24 hrs by MTS assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Pyridinium Oximes with Ortho-Positioned Chlorine Moiety Exhibit Improved Physicochemical Properties and Efficient Reactivation of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Several Nerve Agents.
AID301890	Reactivation of paraoxon inhibited bovine RBC AChE	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 15, Issue:24	New oxime reactivators connected with CH2O(CH2)nOCH2 linker and their reactivation potency for organophosphorus agents-inhibited acetylcholinesterase.
AID364611	Reactivation of 1000 uM tabun inhibited AChE in rat brain homogenate	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 16, Issue:17	Monoquaternary pyridinium salts with modified side chain-synthesis and evaluation on model of tabun- and paraoxon-inhibited acetylcholinesterase.
AID1414519	Reactivation of VX-inhibited human recombinant AChE at 1 mM using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate by Ellman spectrophotometric method relative to control	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Pyridinium Oximes with Ortho-Positioned Chlorine Moiety Exhibit Improved Physicochemical Properties and Efficient Reactivation of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Several Nerve Agents.
AID1076759	Reactivation of sarin OP-inactivated human plasma BChE assessed as reactivation rate constant using acetylthiocholine as substrate at 0.67 mM by spectrophotometric analysis	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-27, Volume: 57, Issue:4	Imidazole aldoximes effective in assisting butyrylcholinesterase catalysis of organophosphate detoxification.
AID120778	antidotal activity was measured against tabun in mice and activity expressed as the no. of survivors noted at 24 hr out of population of 10 mice each exposed intramuscularly at the dose 1/16 of 2LD50 of the compound	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 34, Issue:4	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 4. Effect of various side-chain substituents on therapeutic activity against anticholinesterase intoxication.
AID134554	Significant protection against the lethal effects of soman, by administering compound intramuscularly in mouse	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 32, Issue:2	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 3. Synthesis and evaluation of (alkenyloxy)-, (alkynyloxy)-, and (aralkyloxy)methyl quaternarized 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-1-alkylimidazolium halides as reactivators and therapy for soman intoxication
AID1859587	Reactivation of VX induced inhibition of BChE in human plasma assessed as second-order rate constant using ATCh as substrate incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID1385723	Reactivation of tabun-inhibited human recombinant AChE assessed as enzyme reactivation by measuring Kr/KD ratio incubated for 1 to 10 mins by spectrophotometry based Ellman's assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-13, Volume: 61, Issue:17	Structure-Based Optimization of Nonquaternary Reactivators of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Organophosphorus Nerve Agents.
AID18745	Reactivation rate constant with respect to enzyme(AChE) inhibition	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Structure-activity relationships for reactivators of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterase: quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole.
AID1859566	Reactivation of sarin induced inhibition of recombinant human AChE assessed as maximal achieved reactivation using ATCh as substrate at 100 uM incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method relative to control	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID302659	Reactivation activity of tabun-inhibited AChE in rat brain at 10 uM after 30 mins	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 50, Issue:22	Design of a potent reactivator of tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase--synthesis and evaluation of (E)-1-(4-carbamoylpyridinium)-4-(4-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium)-but-2-ene dibromide (K203).
AID118251	Antidotal activity was measured against soman in mice and activity expressed as the no. of survivors noted at 24 hr out of population of 10 mice (exposed intramuscularly at the dose 1/64 of 2LD50)	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 34, Issue:4	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 5. Structure-activity relationships for side-chain nitro-, sulfone-, amino-, and aminosulfonyl-substituted analogues for therapy against anticholinesterase intoxication.
AID1385719	Reactivation of NIMP-inhibited human recombinant AChE assessed as dissociation constant of inhibited enzyme-compound complex incubated for 1 to 10 mins by spectrophotometry based Ellman's assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-13, Volume: 61, Issue:17	Structure-Based Optimization of Nonquaternary Reactivators of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Organophosphorus Nerve Agents.
AID1414493	Permeability of the compound at 100 uM after 3 to 6 hrs by PAMPA assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Pyridinium Oximes with Ortho-Positioned Chlorine Moiety Exhibit Improved Physicochemical Properties and Efficient Reactivation of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Several Nerve Agents.
AID552421	Inhibition of human recombinant AChE by modified Ellman's method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 19, Issue:2	Mono-oxime bisquaternary acetylcholinesterase reactivators with prop-1,3-diyl linkage-Preparation, in vitro screening and molecular docking.
AID710205	Reactivation of paraoxon-inhibited human AChE assessed as bimolecular reactivation rate constant	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-13, Volume: 55, Issue:23	Phenyltetrahydroisoquinoline-pyridinaldoxime conjugates as efficient uncharged reactivators for the dephosphylation of inhibited human acetylcholinesterase.
AID1826689	Inhibition of recombinant His-TEV-tagged human AChE expressed in CHO-K1 cells using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate measured for 6 mins by Ellman's method	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-24, Volume: 65, Issue:6	A New Class of Bi- and Trifunctional Sugar Oximes as Antidotes against Organophosphorus Poisoning.
AID1826697	Reactivation of NEDPA-inhibited recombinant His-TEV-tagged human AChE expressed in CHO-K1 cells assessed as reactivation constant, KD by measuring thiophenol levels by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-24, Volume: 65, Issue:6	A New Class of Bi- and Trifunctional Sugar Oximes as Antidotes against Organophosphorus Poisoning.
AID117072	LD50 value was determined intramuscularly in mouse	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 34, Issue:4	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 5. Structure-activity relationships for side-chain nitro-, sulfone-, amino-, and aminosulfonyl-substituted analogues for therapy against anticholinesterase intoxication.
AID552415	Reactivation of POX-mediated inactive human recombinant AChE at 100 uM after 15 mins by Ellman's method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 19, Issue:2	Mono-oxime bisquaternary acetylcholinesterase reactivators with prop-1,3-diyl linkage-Preparation, in vitro screening and molecular docking.
AID710208	Binding affinity to paraoxon-human AChE complex	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-13, Volume: 55, Issue:23	Phenyltetrahydroisoquinoline-pyridinaldoxime conjugates as efficient uncharged reactivators for the dephosphylation of inhibited human acetylcholinesterase.
AID1859568	Reactivation of cyclosarin induced inhibition of recombinant human AChE assessed as maximal first-order reactivation rate constant using ATCh as substrate at 100 uM incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID1414488	Reactivation of tabun-inhibited human recombinant AChE using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate assessed as maximal first-order reactivation rate by Ellman spectrophotometric method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Pyridinium Oximes with Ortho-Positioned Chlorine Moiety Exhibit Improved Physicochemical Properties and Efficient Reactivation of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Several Nerve Agents.
AID145514	Compound was tested for the binding affinity towards nicotinic acetylcholine receptor	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 32, Issue:2	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 2. Preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 1-(alkoxymethyl)-2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-3-methylimida zolium halides for reactivation of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterases.
AID1859585	Reactivation of sarin induced inhibition of BChE in human plasma assessed as second-order rate constant using ATCh as substrate incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID301889	Reactivation of paraoxon inhibited housefly brain AChE	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 15, Issue:24	New oxime reactivators connected with CH2O(CH2)nOCH2 linker and their reactivation potency for organophosphorus agents-inhibited acetylcholinesterase.
AID31641	Effective rate constant for reactivation of GD-inhibited AChE in human erythrocytes	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 32, Issue:2	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 2. Preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 1-(alkoxymethyl)-2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-3-methylimida zolium halides for reactivation of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterases.
AID1414490	Reactivation of tabun-inhibited human recombinant AChE using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate assessed as overall second-order reactivation rate by Ellman spectrophotometric method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Pyridinium Oximes with Ortho-Positioned Chlorine Moiety Exhibit Improved Physicochemical Properties and Efficient Reactivation of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Several Nerve Agents.
AID1414482	Reactivation of cyclosarin-inhibited human recombinant AChE using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate assessed as time required for maximal percentage of reactivation by Ellman spectrophotometric method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Pyridinium Oximes with Ortho-Positioned Chlorine Moiety Exhibit Improved Physicochemical Properties and Efficient Reactivation of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Several Nerve Agents.
AID1859589	Reactivation of sarin induced inhibition of BChE in human plasma assessed as maximal first-order reactivation rate constant using ATCh as substrate at 1 mM incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID301887	Reactivation of diisopropyl fluorophosphate inhibited housefly brain AChE	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 15, Issue:24	New oxime reactivators connected with CH2O(CH2)nOCH2 linker and their reactivation potency for organophosphorus agents-inhibited acetylcholinesterase.
AID1859548	Reactivation of sarin induced inhibition of recombinant human AChE assessed as dissociation constant using ATCh as substrate by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID276247	Reactivation of paraoxon inhibited AChE from rat brain at 1 mM	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 16, Issue:21	Synthesis of asymmetrical bispyridinium compounds bearing cyano-moiety and evaluation of their reactivation activity against tabun and paraoxon-inhibited acetylcholinesterase.
AID31651	Reactivation of para-nitrophenyl methylyphosphate (EPMP)-phosphonylated human erythrocyte AChE	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 29, Issue:9	Nonquaternary cholinesterase reactivators. 4. Dialkylaminoalkyl thioesters of alpha-keto thiohydroximic acids as reactivators of ethyl methylphosphonyl- and 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl methylphosphonyl-acetylcholinesterase in vitro.
AID364612	Reactivation of 10 uM tabun inhibited AChE in rat brain homogenate	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 16, Issue:17	Monoquaternary pyridinium salts with modified side chain-synthesis and evaluation on model of tabun- and paraoxon-inhibited acetylcholinesterase.
AID1054126	Inhibition of human AChE	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-10, Volume: 56, Issue:19	Divergent structure-activity relationships of structurally similar acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
AID26013	Reactivation rate constant with respect to oxmiate concentration (1/OX (1/uM) =0.049)	1984	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Structure-activity relationships for reactivators of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterase: quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole.
AID1859581	Reactivation of sarin induced inhibition of BChE in human plasma assessed as dissociation constant using ATCh as substrate incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID1826700	Reactivation of PARAOXON-inhibited recombinant His-TEV-tagged human AChE expressed in CHO-K1 cells assessed as reactivation constant, KD by measuring thiophenol levels by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-24, Volume: 65, Issue:6	A New Class of Bi- and Trifunctional Sugar Oximes as Antidotes against Organophosphorus Poisoning.
AID1859550	Reactivation of cyclosarin induced inhibition of recombinant human AChE assessed as dissociation constant using ATCh as substrate by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID1859576	Reactivation of tabun induced inhibition of recombinant human AChE assessed as time needed to achieve maximal reactivation using ATCh as substrate at 100 uM incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID1414479	Reactivation of cyclosarin-inhibited human recombinant AChE using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate assessed as dissociation constant of conjugated enzyme-oxime complex by Ellman spectrophotometric method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Pyridinium Oximes with Ortho-Positioned Chlorine Moiety Exhibit Improved Physicochemical Properties and Efficient Reactivation of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Several Nerve Agents.
AID407789	Reactivation of rat brain AChE	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Exploiting protein fluctuations at the active-site gorge of human cholinesterases: further optimization of the design strategy to develop extremely potent inhibitors.
AID1826701	Reactivation of PARAOXON-inhibited recombinant His-TEV-tagged human AChE expressed in CHO-K1 cells assessed as reactivation constant, Kr2 by measuring thiophenol levels by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-24, Volume: 65, Issue:6	A New Class of Bi- and Trifunctional Sugar Oximes as Antidotes against Organophosphorus Poisoning.
AID1076758	Reactivation of paraoxon OP-inactivated human plasma BChE assessed as reactivation rate constant using acetylthiocholine as substrate at 0.67 mM by spectrophotometric analysis	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-27, Volume: 57, Issue:4	Imidazole aldoximes effective in assisting butyrylcholinesterase catalysis of organophosphate detoxification.
AID120779	antidotal activity was measured against tabun in mice and activity expressed as the no. of survivors noted at 24 hr out of population of 10 mice each exposed intramuscularly at the dose 1/4 of 2LD50 of the compound	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 34, Issue:4	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 4. Effect of various side-chain substituents on therapeutic activity against anticholinesterase intoxication.
AID301219	Reactivation of 1 mM tabun-inhibited rat brain AchE	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 15, Issue:21	Monooxime reactivators of acetylcholinesterase with (E)-but-2-ene linker: preparation and reactivation of tabun- and paraoxon-inhibited acetylcholinesterase.
AID31633	Compound was tested for the percentage of maximum reactivation for GD-inhibited human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) incubated at 1*10e-4 M	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 32, Issue:2	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 2. Preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 1-(alkoxymethyl)-2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-3-methylimida zolium halides for reactivation of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterases.
AID1414470	Reversible inhibition of recombinant human recombinant AChE using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate by Ellman spectrophotometric method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Pyridinium Oximes with Ortho-Positioned Chlorine Moiety Exhibit Improved Physicochemical Properties and Efficient Reactivation of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Several Nerve Agents.
AID1859596	Reactivation of tabun induced inhibition of BChE in human plasma assessed as maximal achieved reactivation using ATCh as substrate at 1 mM incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method relative to control	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID307194	Reactivation of 1000 uM paraoxon-induced inhibition of AChE in rat brain at pH 7.6 after 10 mins	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 17, Issue:11	Novel series of bispyridinium compounds bearing a (Z)-but-2-ene linker--synthesis and evaluation of their reactivation activity against tabun and paraoxon-inhibited acetylcholinesterase.
AID31018	Reversible inhibition of Human AchE	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 29, Issue:9	Nonquaternary cholinesterase reactivators. 4. Dialkylaminoalkyl thioesters of alpha-keto thiohydroximic acids as reactivators of ethyl methylphosphonyl- and 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl methylphosphonyl-acetylcholinesterase in vitro.
AID136847	Compound was tested for protection of mice against ethyl p-nitrophenyl methylphosphonate (EPMP) at 4000 ug/kg plus 20 mg/kg atropine sulfate, of 77 mg/Kg (1/4 LD50); 7/8	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 32, Issue:2	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 2. Preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 1-(alkoxymethyl)-2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-3-methylimida zolium halides for reactivation of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterases.
AID1859588	Reactivation of tabun induced inhibition of BChE in human plasma assessed as second-order rate constant using ATCh as substrate incubated for 30 mins by Ellman's method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents.
AID301222	Reactivation of 0.1 uM paraoxon-inhibited rat brain AchE	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 15, Issue:21	Monooxime reactivators of acetylcholinesterase with (E)-but-2-ene linker: preparation and reactivation of tabun- and paraoxon-inhibited acetylcholinesterase.
AID1385716	Reactivation of VX-inhibited human recombinant AChE assessed as dissociation constant of inhibited enzyme-compound complex incubated for 1 to 10 mins by spectrophotometry based Ellman's assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-13, Volume: 61, Issue:17	Structure-Based Optimization of Nonquaternary Reactivators of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Organophosphorus Nerve Agents.
AID118253	Antidotal activity was measured against tabun in mice, activity expressed as the no. of survivors noted at 24 hr out of population of 10 mice each exposed intramuscularly at the dose 1/4 of 2LD50 of the compound	1991	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 34, Issue:4	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 5. Structure-activity relationships for side-chain nitro-, sulfone-, amino-, and aminosulfonyl-substituted analogues for therapy against anticholinesterase intoxication.
AID30830	Maximal displacement of GD from acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of bovine erythrocytes	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 32, Issue:2	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 2. Preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 1-(alkoxymethyl)-2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-3-methylimida zolium halides for reactivation of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterases.
AID302660	Toxicity in intramuscular dosed rat after 24 hrs	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 50, Issue:22	Design of a potent reactivator of tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase--synthesis and evaluation of (E)-1-(4-carbamoylpyridinium)-4-(4-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium)-but-2-ene dibromide (K203).
AID302657	Reactivation activity of tabun-inhibited AChE in rat brain at 1 mM after 30 mins	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 50, Issue:22	Design of a potent reactivator of tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase--synthesis and evaluation of (E)-1-(4-carbamoylpyridinium)-4-(4-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium)-but-2-ene dibromide (K203).
AID451156	Reactivation of diisopropylfluorophosphate-inhibited house fly AChE activity at 5 mM after 30 mins by Ellman's method	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 17, Issue:17	Fluorinated pyridinium oximes as potential reactivators for acetylcholinesterases inhibited by paraoxon organophosphorus agent.
AID276246	Reactivation of tabun inhibited AChE from rat brain at 0.1 uM	2006	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 16, Issue:21	Synthesis of asymmetrical bispyridinium compounds bearing cyano-moiety and evaluation of their reactivation activity against tabun and paraoxon-inhibited acetylcholinesterase.
AID30838	Inhibition of eel acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity by 50%	1989	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 32, Issue:2	Quaternary salts of 2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]imidazole. 2. Preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 1-(alkoxymethyl)-2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]-3-methylimida zolium halides for reactivation of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterases.
AID32123	In vitro dissociation constant of rat brain Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-reactivator complex was determined	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-20, Volume: 13, Issue:20	Synthesis of a new reactivator of tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase.
AID1385722	Reactivation of tabun-inhibited human recombinant AChE assessed as dissociation constant of inhibited enzyme-compound complex incubated for 1 to 10 mins by spectrophotometry based Ellman's assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-13, Volume: 61, Issue:17	Structure-Based Optimization of Nonquaternary Reactivators of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Organophosphorus Nerve Agents.
AID552420	Reactivation of DEP-mediated inactive human recombinant AChE at 10 uM after 15 mins by Ellman's method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 19, Issue:2	Mono-oxime bisquaternary acetylcholinesterase reactivators with prop-1,3-diyl linkage-Preparation, in vitro screening and molecular docking.
AID1414483	Reactivation of VX-inhibited human recombinant AChE using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate assessed as maximal first-order reactivation rate by Ellman spectrophotometric method	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-13, Volume: 61, Issue:23	Pyridinium Oximes with Ortho-Positioned Chlorine Moiety Exhibit Improved Physicochemical Properties and Efficient Reactivation of Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Several Nerve Agents.
AID552413	Reactivation of GA-mediated inactive human recombinant AChE at 100 uM after 15 mins by Ellman's method	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 19, Issue:2	Mono-oxime bisquaternary acetylcholinesterase reactivators with prop-1,3-diyl linkage-Preparation, in vitro screening and molecular docking.
AID650705	Dissociation constant, pKa of the compound	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-12, Volume: 54, Issue:9	Amidine-oximes: reactivators for organophosphate exposure.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	64 (17.25)	18.7374
1990's	112 (30.19)	18.2507
2000's	88 (23.72)	29.6817
2010's	98 (26.42)	24.3611
2020's	9 (2.43)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	1 (0.25%)	5.53%
Reviews	8 (2.01%)	6.00%
Case Studies	1 (0.25%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	388 (97.49%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
3-cyanopyridine pyridine-3-carbonitrile: structure in first source. 3-pyridinecarbonitrile : A nitrile that is pyridine substituted by a cyano group at position 3.	2.15	1	0	nitrile; pyridines
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	1.99	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
carbamates [no description available]	2.39	2	0	amino-acid anion
choline [no description available]	2.37	2	0	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	2.49	2	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.	2.02	1	0	catechols; dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	human metabolite
glycine [no description available]	2.08	1	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.	2.15	1	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3	antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.	2.02	1	0	phosphocholines	allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.	2.02	1	0	guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.	2.02	1	0	indole-3-acetic acids	drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	2.72	3	0	acridines; aromatic amine	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
ambenonium ambenonium : A symmetrical oxalamide-based bis-quaternary ammonium ion having ethyl and 2-chlorobenzyl groups attached to the nitrogens.	2.04	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
biperiden Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.	2.69	3	0	piperidines; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antidote to sarin poisoning; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	2.44	2	0	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
clonazepam Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.	2.39	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; monochlorobenzenes	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
decamethonium decamethonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. decamethonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is a depolarising muscle relaxant whose structure comprises a decane-1,10-diamine core in which each amino group carries three methyl substituents.	2.04	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	muscle relaxant; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	4.48	23	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
dichlorvos Dichlorvos: An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE.. dichlorvos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate.	2.76	3	0	alkenyl phosphate; dialkyl phosphate; organochlorine acaricide; organophosphate insecticide	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
dimethoate Dimethoate: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide.. dimethoate : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-methylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group attached to the carbonyl moiety is replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.	1.97	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
edrophonium Edrophonium: A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.. edrophonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.	3.78	3	0	phenols; quaternary ammonium ion	antidote; diagnostic agent; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	2.08	1	0
gallamine triethiodide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	2.03	1	0	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
mecamylamine Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.	1.98	1	0	primary aliphatic amine
memantine [no description available]	4.12	4	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
methamidophos methamidophos: structure. methamidophos : An organic thiophosphate resulting from the N-deacylation of the proinsecticide acephate.	2.04	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phosphoramide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide
methantheline Methantheline: A quaternary ammonium compound that acts as an antimuscarinic agent. It has been used in the treatment of PEPTIC ULCER, in gastrointestinal disorders associated with smooth muscle spasm, and in the management of urinary incontinence, and may also be used for the treatment of HYPERHIDROSIS.	1.98	1	0	xanthenes
methoxyflurane Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.	1.97	1	0	ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	hepatotoxic agent; inhalation anaesthetic; nephrotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic
methyl methanesulfonate [no description available]	2.1	1	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.	2.49	2	0	imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
neostigmine Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.	1.96	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
oxotremorine m oxotremorine M: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	muscarinic agonist
oxotremorine Oxotremorine: A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool.	2.41	2	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	2.03	1	0	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
piracetam Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.	3.89	3	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	1.97	1	0	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
duodote duodote: consists of atropine and pralidoxime chloride; for treating those exposed to organophosphorus-containing nerve agents	3.29	6	0	pyridinium ion	antidote to organophosphate poisoning; antidote to sarin poisoning; cholinergic drug; cholinesterase reactivator
procyclidine Procyclidine: A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.. procyclidine : A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3.	4.41	6	0	pyrrolidines; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	2.05	1	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
succinylcholine Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.	2.04	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion; succinate ester	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent
m-(n,n,n-trimethylammonio)trifluoroacetophenone m-(N,N,N-trimethylammonio)trifluoroacetophenone: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
trihexyphenidyl Trihexyphenidyl: One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.	3.25	6	0	amine
donepezil hydrochloride donepezil hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)- donepezil hydrochloride. Its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.	2.04	1	0
corticosterone [no description available]	3.24	6	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
trichlorfon Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.05	1	0	organic phosphonate; organochlorine compound; phosphonic ester	agrochemical; anthelminthic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	2.02	1	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
isoflurophate Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.	2.74	3	0	dialkyl phosphate
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	2.02	1	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	1.98	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.	2.37	2	0	pseudohalide anion	EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	3.38	7	0	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
tubocurarine Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.	2.38	2	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	2.11	1	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	2.4	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
methacholine chloride Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)	2.04	1	0	quaternary ammonium salt
carbaryl Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.	1.97	1	0	carbamate ester; naphthalenes	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant growth retardant
gallamine triethiodide Gallamine Triethiodide: A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)	1.97	1	0
dithionitrobenzoic acid Dithionitrobenzoic Acid: A standard reagent for the determination of reactive sulfhydryl groups by absorbance measurements. It is used primarily for the determination of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in proteins. The color produced is due to the formation of a thio anion, 3-carboxyl-4-nitrothiophenolate.. dithionitrobenzoic acid : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid. An indicator used to quantify the number or concentration of thiol groups.	2.06	1	0	nitrobenzoic acid; organic disulfide	indicator
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	2.05	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	1.98	1	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.	2.05	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite
tabun tabun: proposed as military nerve gas and exptl cholinesterase inhibitor; extremely poisonous; structure	6.8	47	0
tri-o-cresyl phosphate tri-o-cresyl phosphate: see also related IMOL S-140	1.96	1	0
soman Soman: An organophosphorus compound that inhibits cholinesterase. It causes seizures and has been used as a chemical warfare agent.	7.8	133	0	phosphonic ester
quinuclidines Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.	2.02	1	0	quinuclidines; saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
pyridostigmine bromide Pyridostigmine Bromide: A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants.	4.06	15	0	pyridinium salt
glycolonitrile glycolonitrile : An cyanohydrin that is acetonitrile in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	1.96	1	0	cyanohydrin
sarin Sarin: An organophosphorus ester compound that produces potent and irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase. It is toxic to the nervous system and is a chemical warfare agent.. isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate : A phosphinic ester that is the isopropyl ester of methylphosphonofluoridic acid.. sarin : A racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-sarin. A potent and irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase that is toxic to the nervous system and is employed as a chemical warfare agent.	6.24	45	0	fluorine molecular entity; phosphinic ester
obidoxime chloride Obidoxime Chloride: Cholinesterase reactivator occurring in two interchangeable isomeric forms, syn and anti.	6.92	89	0
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	1.97	1	0	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
potassium cyanide [no description available]	1.98	1	0	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; potassium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; neurotoxin
adamantane Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.	2.01	1	0	adamantanes; polycyclic alkane
thiocyanate thiocyanate: RN given refers to parent cpd. thiocyanate : A pseudohalide anion obtained by deprotonation of the thiol group of thiocyanic acid.	1.98	1	0	pseudohalide anion; sulfur molecular entity	human metabolite
benactyzine Benactyzine: A centrally acting muscarinic antagonist. Benactyzine has been used in the treatment of depression and is used in research to investigate the role of cholinergic systems on behavior.	3.78	11	0	diarylmethane
edrophonium bromide [no description available]	2.04	1	0
paraoxon [no description available]	3.54	8	0	aryl dialkyl phosphate; organophosphate insecticide	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
hemicholinium 3 Hemicholinium 3: A potent inhibitor of the high affinity uptake system for CHOLINE. It has less effect on the low affinity uptake system. Since choline is one of the components of ACETYLCHOLINE, treatment with hemicholinium can deplete acetylcholine from cholinergic terminals. Hemicholinium 3 is commonly used as a research tool in animal and in vitro experiments.	1.97	1	0
galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.	2.46	2	0	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(n,n-dimethyl-n-2-propenyl-), dibromide Benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-), Dibromide: Proposed cholinesterase inhibitor.	2.04	1	0
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	2.17	1	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
glycopyrrolate Glycopyrrolate: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in some disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and to reduce salivation with some anesthetics.. glycopyrronium bromide : A quaternary ammonium salt composed of 3-{[cyclopentyl(hydroxy)phenylacetyl]oxy}-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium and bromide ions in a 1:1 ratio.	1.98	1	0	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt
indoxyl acetate [no description available]	2.06	1	0	indoles
methylparaoxon [no description available]	2	1	0	C-nitro compound
acetylthiocholine Acetylthiocholine: An agent used as a substrate in assays for cholinesterases, especially to discriminate among enzyme types.	2.4	2	0
4-dimethylaminophenol 4-dimethylaminophenol: in combination with SODIUM NITRITE antagonizes experimental cyanide poisoning; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.	2.02	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound	neurotransmitter agent
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.44	2	0	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
methyl demeton methyl mercaptophos: was MH 1972-91 (see under INSECTICIDES, ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATE (1975-90, Prov 1972-74))	2	1	0
quinalphos quinalphos: RN given refers to cpd with locant for quinoxalinyl group in position 2; structure	1.97	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
tiletamine hydrochloride Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	1.96	1	0
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	1.98	1	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
dimedone dimedone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.96	1	0
butylated hydroxytoluene 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.	2.41	1	0	phenols	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; food additive; geroprotector
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	1.98	1	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
thiocholine Thiocholine: A mercaptocholine used as a reagent for the determination of CHOLINESTERASES. It also serves as a highly selective nerve stain.	2.68	3	0
vx VX nerve agent : A organic thiophosphate that is the ethyl ester of S-{2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethyl} O hydrogen methylphosphonothioate. A toxic nerve agent used in chemical warfare.	4.56	24	0	organic thiophosphate; tertiary amino compound	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; neurotoxin
phenazepam [no description available]	2.08	1	0
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid [no description available]	2.41	1	0	chromanol; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger; Wnt signalling inhibitor
irinotecan [no description available]	2.73	3	0	carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
heptenophos heptenophos: structure	2.06	1	0	organochlorine compound; organophosphate insecticide; trialkyl phosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate: acetylcholinesterase inhibitor	5.69	25	0
pralidoxime iodide [no description available]	2.78	3	0	organic iodide salt; pyridinium salt	cholinergic drug; cholinesterase reactivator
glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.	2.06	1	0	glutathione derivative; organic disulfide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
pro-diazepam pro-diazepam: diazepam prodrug	3.12	5	0	peptide
enpiperate enpiperate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.37	2	0
rivastigmine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	carbamate ester; tertiary amino compound	cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
cobalt-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid chelate cobalt-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid chelate: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym dicobalt edetate refers to di-Na salt	2.11	1	0
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	1.98	1	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
trimethyl(4-oxopentyl)ammonium trimethyl(4-oxopentyl)ammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd; acetylcholine antag. N,N,N-trimethyl-N-(4-oxopentyl)ammonium : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are methyl (three) and 4-oxopentyl.	2.04	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
propidium iodide [no description available]	2.46	2	0	organic iodide salt
2-(2,3-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine [no description available]	2.08	1	0
pinacolyl dimethylphosphinate [no description available]	2.66	3	0
7-((methylethoxyphosphinyl)oxy)-1-methylquinolinium [no description available]	2.4	2	0
ly 293558 tezampanel: structure given in first source; an AMPA receptor antagonist	2.08	1	0
tariquidar [no description available]	2.8	3	0	benzamides
ferrocene carbamate ferrocene carbamate: used in pretreatment for soman poisoning	1.98	1	0
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	7.4	110	1
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.	2.02	1	0	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
cortisone [no description available]	1.98	1	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
methylatropine methylatropine: RN given refers to endo-(+-)-isomer; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #3766	2.11	1	0
6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine 6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine: an mGlu5 antagonist. 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine : A methylpyridine that coinsists of 2-methylp[yridine bearing an additional phenylethynyl group at position 6. Potent and highly selective non-competitive antagonist at the mGlu5 receptor subtype (IC50 = 36 nM) and a positive allosteric modulator at mGlu4 receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo. Reverses mechanical hyperalgesia in the inflamed rat hind paw.	2.08	1	0	acetylenic compound; methylpyridines	anxiolytic drug; metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
alpha-linolenic acid linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid.	2.11	1	0	linolenic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
levetiracetam Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.	3.89	3	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	2.11	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
mevinphos Mevinphos: An organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.	3.25	6	0
huperzine b huperzine B: Chinese drug isolated from Huperzia serrata; structure given in first source; also isolated from Phlegmariurus fordii	2.04	1	0	phenanthrol
isonitrosoacetone 2-oxopropanal-1-oxime: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.	2.38	2	0	maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant	anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
bis(7)-tacrine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	secondary amino compound	apoptosis inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
ganstigmine ganstigmine: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	2	1	0
picrotoxin Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus.	1.98	1	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	2.66	3	0
piroxicam [no description available]	2.17	1	0	benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	2.05	1	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.	2.08	1	0
olanzapine Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.	2.05	1	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
pralidoxime pralidoxime: RN given refers to parent cpd; chloride was minor descriptor (75-80); on-line & Index Medicus search PRALIDOXIME COMPOUNDS (66-80). pralidoxime : A pyridinium ion that is 1-methylpyridinium substituted by a (hydroxyimino)methyl group at position 2.	6.64	68	0	pyridinium ion	antidote to organophosphate poisoning; antidote to sarin poisoning; cholinergic drug; cholinesterase reactivator
hlo 7 HLo 7: structure given in first source	4.52	24	0	organic molecular entity
pyridine-2-aldoxime pyridine-2-aldoxime: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.43	2	0
pralidoxime chloride [no description available]	4.27	18	0	organic chloride salt; pyridinium salt	cholinergic drug; cholinesterase reactivator
hgg 12 HGG 12: used therapeutically in organophosphate poisoning; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd	3.67	10	0
n,n'-monomethylenebis(pyridiniumaldoxime) N,N'-monomethylenebis(pyridiniumaldoxime): RN given refers to parent cpd	5	12	0
hs 6 HS 6: structure	3.76	11	0
bis-(4-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium)-2-trans-butene dibromide bis-(4-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium)-2-trans-butene dibromide: reactivator of isopropyl-methylphosphonylated acetylcholinesterase	3.13	5	0
trimedoxime bromide Trimedoxime: Cholinesterase reactivator used as an antidote in alkyl phosphate poisoning.	4.83	32	0
obidoxime chloride [no description available]	4.33	19	0
hgg 42 HGG 42: used therapeutically in organophosphate poisoning; structure	2.88	4	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Organophosphorus Poisoning [description not available]	7.53	58
Organophosphate Poisoning Poisoning due to exposure to ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, such as ORGANOPHOSPHATES; ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATES; and ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHONATES.	7.53	58
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	4.82	12
Absence Seizure [description not available]	5.09	16
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	5.09	16
Mydriasis Dilation of pupils to greater than 6 mm combined with failure of the pupils to constrict when stimulated with light. This condition may occur due to injury of the pupillary fibers in the oculomotor nerve, in acute angle-closure glaucoma, and in ADIE SYNDROME.	2.17	1
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available]	2.1	1
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	3.66	9
Brain Damage, Chronic A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.	2.47	2
Absence Status [description not available]	2.72	3
Status Epilepticus A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)	2.72	3
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.91	4
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	6.09	29
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	2.04	1
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	2.04	1
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	2.05	1
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	2.05	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.46	2
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	2.06	1
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	2.06	1
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	2.06	1
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.99	1
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	2.99	1
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	2.08	1
Intussusception A form of intestinal obstruction caused by the PROLAPSE of a part of the intestine into the adjoining intestinal lumen. There are four types: colic, involving segments of the LARGE INTESTINE; enteric, involving only the SMALL INTESTINE; ileocecal, in which the ILEOCECAL VALVE prolapses into the CECUM, drawing the ILEUM along with it; and ileocolic, in which the ileum prolapses through the ileocecal valve into the COLON.	2.03	1
Ileal Diseases Pathological development in the ILEUM including the ILEOCECAL VALVE.	2.03	1
Constricted Pupil [description not available]	2.03	1
Miosis Pupillary constriction. This may result from congenital absence of the dilatator pupillary muscle, defective sympathetic innervation, or irritation of the CONJUNCTIVA or CORNEA.	2.03	1
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	2.41	2
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	3.07	5
Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available]	1.96	1
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.	1.96	1
Cytomegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.	1.98	1
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	2.68	3
Respiration Disorders Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.	1.98	1
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	3.07	5
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	1.98	1
Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available]	1.98	1
Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.	1.98	1
Acute-Phase Reaction An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma.	2.38	2
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	1.99	1
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	1.99	1
Gas Poisoning Poisoning that results from exposure to gases such as CARBON MONOXIDE; NOBLE GASES; OXYGEN; or NATURAL GAS.	2.38	2
Central Nervous System Disease [description not available]	1.99	1
Central Nervous System Diseases Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.	1.99	1
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	1.98	1
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	1.98	1
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available]	1.97	1
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)	1.97	1
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	1.97	1
Muscle Disorders [description not available]	1.97	1
Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.	1.97	1

asoxime chloride

Cross-References

Synonyms (29)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Protein Targets (17)

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Other Measurements

Biological Processes (36)

Molecular Functions (24)

Ceullar Components (19)

Bioassays (211)

Research

Studies (371)

Study Types

asoxime chloride

Cross-References

Synonyms (29)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Protein Targets (17)

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Other Measurements

Biological Processes (36)

Molecular Functions (24)

Ceullar Components (19)

Bioassays (211)

Research

Studies (371)

Study Types

Related Drugs (149)

Related Conditions (52)